{"text": ",264|2,083|2,083|\n\n_Source_ : Authors\u2019 analysis based on mission locations from Beach (1903); aid projects from AidData, World Bank geocoded research release, version 1.3; measures of human capital and religion from the  >>> Demographic and Health Survey <<<  (DHS); and control variables from multiple sources, detailed in appendix A. _Note_ : Estimation is by ordinary least squares. Conley (1999) standard errors are given in parentheses, with the cutoff at 2 degrees (220 km). The dependent variable is a dummy for at least one project", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rovide the identifying variation.\n\nSecond, in our sample, the majority (two-thirds) of returned migrants living in rural and semi-urban areas work either in small-scale agriculture or retail businesses. According to the  >>> 2016 industry-level Input-Output tables <<<  for Bangladesh, both sectors have a very small share of their input values coming from \u201cCoke or refined Petroleum\u201d.<sup>23</sup> We do, however, observe a slightly higher importance of the transportation sector for the self-employed (21 percent) compared to wage workers (15 perc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2016 industry-level Input-Output tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re throughout the clinic day. \n\n- Temperature data must be reviewed and documented according to guidance in the upcoming COVID-19 addendum to CDC\u2019s Vaccine Storage and Handling Toolkit. \n\n- At the end of the clinic day,  >>> temperature data <<<  must be assessed prior to returning vaccine to fixed storage units to prevent administration of vaccines that may have been compromised. \n\n- As with all vaccines, if COVID-19 vaccines are exposed to temperature excursions at any time, the temperature excursion should be document", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "temperature data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " omission of births of infants who did not survive. When this occurs, it is usually most pronounced for very young deaths, and thus a low proportion of very young deaths is taken as an indicator of such omission. In the  >>> 2008 DHS data <<< , for the five years preceding the survey, the proportion of neonatal deaths occurring during the first week of life is high (82 percent) and the same as the proportion recorded in 2003, suggesting that early neonatal underreporting is minimal and unchanged over time. Similarly, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2008 DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n effective instrument to provide social protection to native workers.\n\nAnother implementation issue that the model does not consider is the existence of a sizable share of the population that is unemployed or inactive.  >>> Data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics <<<  suggest that only 62 percent of the working-age population is actually working, implying that 95 million US citizens would add to the supply of work permits (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2018). For our suggested scheme to be viable, therefore, eligibility provisions would need to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rger primary schooling gains over the period, for both genders.\n\n# 5.3. Marriage\n\nTable 8 presents results from regressions of the probability of being married by the age of 15, for women interviewed individually in the  >>> 2006 DHS <<< , restricting (Columns (2) and (4)) or not (Columns (1) and (3)) the sample to women who were already living in the place where they were interviewed at the start of the conflict. The regressions corresponding to the first two columns consider the impact of overall conflict inten", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2006 DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es villes principales laisse les zones rurales d\u00e9pourvues de services. Avec seulement 19 acteurs de la r\u00e9ponse VBG dans le centre du Mali (10 \u00e0 Mopti et 9 \u00e0 S\u00e9gou), la couverture des besoins reste insuffisante. Selon la  >>> cartographie des services VBG <<< , les centres de prise en charge holistique (One Stop Center) sont principalement les seules structures pourvoyeurs de services VBG. \n\nLa r\u00e9gion de Mopti enregistre le plus grand nombre de cas pris en charge (5 057), gr\u00e2ce aux services propos\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le One Stop Center. \u00c0 Ban", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cartographie des services VBG", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or local governments, 30% realized wage bill, and 50% formula. The fiscal gap formula amount (FGA) combined measures of expenditure needs and fiscal capacity. The formula used regional population, area, poverty gap, and  >>> cost index data <<<  as proxies for expenditure needs. Fiscal capacity included expected own tax (PAD)\n\n> 26 With decentralization, local governments were allowed to determine their own organization structure (e.g., _dinases, badans,_ and _kantors_ ).  Depending on size and local preferences, region", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cost index data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **The Data Source**\n\nFor the analysis of private transfers, we use data from  >>> household and village surveys <<<  conducted by the Research Center for Rural Economy (RCRE) at the Ministry of Agriculture and a supplementary survey conducted in 55 villages of four provinces from August to October 2004 in collaboration between Michigan State University and RCRE.<sup>11</sup> All 3999 household", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household and village surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4.4<br>ations from th|46.4<br>e Global Mon|2.0<br>itoring Datab|284<br>ase (GMD) an|297<br>d Luxembour|13.1<br>g Income Stu|25<br>dy (LIS)|\n\n<u>Source: Authors\u2019 calculations from the Global Monitoring Database (GMD) and  >>> Luxembourg Income Study <<<  (LIS) Notes: This table reports poverty estimates for the 2017 reference year. For countries with no surveys conducted</u> exactly in 2017, the poverty estimates are extrapolated from the latest survey if conducted before 2017, otherwise extrapolated or interpolated from the clo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Luxembourg Income Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cause it does not control for long-run heterogeneity in agricultural GDP shares and GDP per capita.\n\nTable 1 presents econometric estimates of \u03b2 across several specifications and estimations methods. All estimations use  >>> annual data <<< . The first column presents the estimate of \u03b2 derived from the pooled data. Columns (2)-(4) present estimates from country fixed-effects regressions, whereas columns (5)-(10) present results from two-stage regressions with fixed effects (Baltagi 2002). Consequently all the estima", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "26<br>0.11<br>0.25<br>0.10<br>0.24<br>0.09<br>0.23<br>0.22 0.08<br>0.21 0.07<br>0.20 0.06<br>Source:  >>> Household budget survey <<< <br>1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002<br><!-- End of picture text --> Table 2 decomposes the overall inequality \u2013 measured by the Theil mean log deviation index - into two components: (i) differences between groups and (ii) within group inequalities. The focus is on va", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household budget survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "und effective farming techniques has been an obstacle local production of produce up to now. \n\nAs shown in the table and graph below, the observations made by the research team in the three markets are corroborated by a  >>> rapid market price survey <<<  (24 traders in Dadaab, 4 in Garissa and 4 in Nairobi): at the time of the data collection, for instance the average retail prices for fruits and vegetables were significantly higher in Dadaab compared to Nairobi: +98% for okra, +115% for tomatoes and cabbage, +176% for onions, a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "rapid market price survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "034)|(0.049)|(0.003)|(0.012)|(0.025)|\n|Observations|26890|26890|2545|5314|5314|1867|44135|44135|9366|\n\n_Note:_ Robust standard errors in parentheses. Sample is restricted to male _waged workers_ aged 20-59. Data source:  >>> Bangladesh HIES 2016-17 <<< ; Nepal LFS 2017-18; Pakistan LFS 2014-15 and 2017-18. * p _>_ 0.1, ** p _>_ 0.05, *** p _>_ 0.01.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Bangladesh HIES 2016-17", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a\u00f1os 3 8<br>15-17 a\u00f1os 8 94%<br>1<br>10 -14 a\u00f1os 3<br>3<br>3-6 a\u00f1os 2 3<br>0 2 4 6 8<br>LGBTI FEMENINO MASCULINO REFUGIADOS SOLICITANTES<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nFuente Propia: Informaci\u00f3n obtenida a trav\u00e9s del  >>> diagn\u00f3stico participativo <<<  realizado del 17 a 24 de octubre 2015 \n\nTodos los espacios de di\u00e1logo fueron organizados y facilitados por personal del ACNUR en Guatemala; personal de la Representaci\u00f3n Regional del ACNUR en Panam\u00e1; y personal de la Pastoral de Movilidad Humana - PMH. A su vez, participaron com", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "diagn\u00f3stico participativo", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing it difficult to confirm the completeness of their Land inventory. \n\nI also noted that 26 entities did not record a total of 1,355 pieces of land measuring approximately 21,603.08 hectares of land in their respective  >>> GFMIS fixed asset module <<<  thus affecting the accuracy of the nonproduced assets in the financial statements. \n\nThe non-recording of land in the land register and GFMIS Asset module affects the Government\u2019s ability to keep track of all its land which could easily lead to loss and /or misstatement of the n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GFMIS fixed asset module", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "9 Members<br>0% 10 or More<br>3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99<br>Consumption Percentiles<br>Percent of Population<br>Percent of Households<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> Nepal Living Standards Survey <<<  2010 20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Nepal Living Standards Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "me. The data set includes poverty rates and local estimates of GDP, but the coverage is poor.\n\nWe are primarily interested in the environmental-economic interactions in urban environments. To narrow the focus, we used a  >>> gridded population data set <<<  (Gridded Population of the World, v4 at 30 arc-seconds resolution) to distinguish urban from rural districts. We defined urban areas as a contiguous patch of pixels with population density higher than 300 per square kilometer and a population count higher than 5,000. This is sim", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "gridded population data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "data sources to study the impact of PAL on child labor. First, we use information from the  >>> evaluation follow-up survey <<<  in order to study the attendance and labor outcomes of children age 12 and 13 who were enrolled in primary education. These children would have been eligible to take the ENLACE in 2005, if the test had been in place at the time.<sup>20</sup> We focus on five different outcomes: ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "evaluation follow-up survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "by the following partners: IOM, UNHCR, DRC, IRC, the Protection Sector, Child Protection (CP) and Gender Based-Violence (GBV) Sub-Sectors, ISCG\u2019s AAP Advisor, and the AAP Technical Working Group. This report is based on  >>> qualitative data <<<  collected by partners in the camps and is not representative of the total number of refugees across the 33 camps in this response. Eight \u2013 open-ended \u2013 questions were discussed with refugees: \n\n- 1) Have you heard about the changes to food rations, soap rations, and LPG cycle? I", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "qualitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or sought care were dissatisfied with the waiting time required for service, 10 percent were dissatisfied with the quality of attention received and 17 percent with the procedures required to access care. Results of the  >>> surveys carried out by the ICRC and WFP <<<  indicate that, in general terms,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys carried out by the ICRC and WFP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h of the project scenarios, of a selected number of financial indicators used to assess the overall viability of the proposed interventions, including the Internal Rate of Returns (IRR) and NPV. The analysis is based on  >>> primary and secondary data <<<  collected during the formulation mission, desk research \n\n> 54 In complementarity with PARIIS, PROPAD and PRAPS 2 \n\n> 55 Women, men, youth, groups including refugees, cooperatives, or individual entrepreneurs. \n\n**Page 62 of 88**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "primary and secondary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Rural Urban center Rural Core Town<br>Urban cluster Suburb Other rural<br>Share of poor population (%)<br>Share of poor population (%)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: International Urban Poverty Database.\n\nNote:  >>> WorldPop 250m <<<  is used for the DOU and DB methods. Each boxplot shows the distribution of the share of the poor population over different geographic areas in 20 countries.\n\nFigure C6: Comparison of urban shares of poor populations between official and DOU/DB urban definitions <!-- Start of pic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WorldPop 250m", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t there are no significant differences in the probabilities of being selected for home survey, taking the home survey, or having a valid home-based RDT by treatment arm.\n\n**Administrative Voucher Data.** Finally, we use  >>> administrative data on voucher redemption <<<  to quantify how informing patients about vouchers impacted redemption rates.\n\n# **3.3 Background Characteristics and Randomization Ver-**\n\nTable 2 presents summary statistics on the study population and verifies randomization balance. The first column of the table displays means", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data on voucher redemption", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " model, with time-invariant characteristics. The Near Syrian Border region (NSB) includes the NUTS2 areas TRC3, TCR2, TCR1, TR63, TR62. Time in Turkey is based on the date of arrival of the head of household. _Source_ :  >>> LFS 2009-2014 <<< . World Bank author\u2019s calculations.\n\nFigure 2 illustrates poverty trends in 2009 and 2013, by region and migrant status. Regions are divided into the near Syrian border region, and the rest of the country. The NSB includes the NUTS2 areas TRC3, TCR2, TCR1, TR63, and TR62. The pop", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LFS 2009-2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ere is also information on physical housing characteristics, including type of construction, floors, water and electricity connections, sanitation and the like.\n\nInformation on district characteristics is taken from the  >>> 2011 population census <<< , which was conducted roughly at the same time as the NLSS III. The resulting housing stock measure is combined with official figures to estimate the proportion of dwellings destroyed in each district (Government of Nepal 2015).\n\nA detailed description of the variables used in th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2011 population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an age at which some individuals may have migrated away from the district. One of the specifications addresses this concern by comparing the change in educational outcomes for individuals aged 14 or younger, between the  >>> 2001 DHS <<<  and the 2006 DHS. At such a young age, voluntary migration is extremely unlikely to have occurred.\n\n# **Education**\n\n# a. <u>Specification 1: Plain", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001 DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> Housing census <<<  estimated the district population at about 59,100. The 2002 National Population and Housing census estimated the population of the district at about 77,200. Between 2002 and 2012, it is estimated that the district population grew at 5.9% annually. The 2014 National Population an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Housing census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er conclusions, or if other adjustments will be required in order for them to be nationally representative. We compare the online survey\u2019s wave-2 data with the GMD, and with the Internet-using population from the GMD if  >>> Internet usage data <<<  are available in that country.<sup>18</sup> The comparison with GMD relies on the assumption that the slightly dated GMD reflects the demographics at the time of the online survey accurately. Indeed, the pandemic itself could\n\n> 13 <mark>The process of compiling the GMD is coord", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Internet usage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*PROFILE OF CURRENT**|**CASELOAD (around 930,000 persons**|**)**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Country of Asylum**|**Current locations**|**Data Source**|**Areas of origin**|\n|**IRAN**|22 camps situated along Iran/Iraq<br>border| >>> 2001 Government census <<< |Two main sub-groups<br>:|\n|**(204,000)**|Spontaneously settled refugees<br>mainly in Urban areas notably in<br>Teheran and Qom.|2001 Government census|Kurds mainly from Erbil and<br>Sulymania (20 %)<br>Arabs from the Central and<br>Southern Region (80 %)|\n|**JORDAN**|Spontaneous", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001 Government census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "de solicitudes de refugio registradas en Guatemala. En comparaci\u00f3n con a\u00f1os anteriores a 2014, en el a\u00f1o 2016 se verifica un incremento de 206% en el total de nuevas solicitudes de refugio. \n\nEntre los a\u00f1os 2015 y 2016,  >>> datos oficiales compilados por el ACNUR <<<  indican que 89,837 ciudadanos de Honduras y El Salvador solicitaron refugio en varios pa\u00edses del mundo . Aunque este \u00e9xodo humano se debe a varias causas, sin duda, una de las m\u00e1s contundentes es el alto nivel de violencia perpetrada por actores armados no-estatales (maras y pan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "datos oficiales compilados por el ACNUR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "We find that the discrepancies introduced by denominator issues are non-negligible and amount to a difference of up to 5 percentage points between coverage rates reported in the WHO dashboard and the  >>> OWID dataset <<< . On average, reported coverage in the WHO dashboard is 1.6 percentage points higher than that reported in the OWID data. Similarly, coverage reported in the WHO dashboard is on average 1.9 percentage points higher in our sample of five Sub-Saharan African countries. This implies", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OWID dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " welfare cost of agricultural support programs is due to import tariff barriers to market access (using a 2001 protection database) is very close also to the 89 percent finding of Diao, Somwaru and Roe (2001) who used a  >>> 1995 protection database <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1995 protection database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ue across countries. Black lines denote two standard errors intervals (weighted by Real GDP). Estimations of the contribution of the cyclical component based on a bivariate model.\n\nSources: Authors\u2019 estimations based on  >>> PovcalNet <<<  (March 2019), SEDLAC (CEDLAS and World Bank), Human Development Report Office (United Nations), and WEO (October 2018).\n\n22", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PovcalNet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "whether the variable is correlated with other well-known indexes on corruption. Thus, comparing the WVS variable with the corruption indexes TI (Transparency International),  >>> International Country Risk Guide <<<  (ICRG) and Quality of Government (Control of Corruption) developed by Kaufmann, Kraay, and Mastruzzi (2004). The WVS corruption ratings (higher values=lower corruption) are highly correlated with the TI ( _r_ = -0.878), the ICRG ( _r_ =-0.680) and the Quality of Government ratin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Country Risk Guide", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table 4:** Effects of Turnovers on Nepotism\n\n||** >>> Village head survey <<< **|**Bureau**|**crat survey**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Employs relative|Parent was leader|Parent served ingovt|\n||(1)|(2)|(3)|\n|New village head|-0.385<sup>_\u2217\u2217\u2217_</sup>|-0.066|-0.168<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup>|\n||(0.155)|(0.043)|(0.069)|\n||[0.178]|[0.051]|[0.082]|\n|Observations|442|1067|1067|\n|Co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Village head survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " We find no relationship between rainfall shocks and ability for shocks experienced after age two or before the child was in utero.\n\nThe remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the survey and  >>> rainfall data <<<  used in the analysis. Section 3 presents our empirical identification strategy and Section 4 presents the main results as well as robustness tests. Section 5 concludes.\n\n# **2. Nahouri Cash Transfer Pilot Program (NCTPP) Survey and Rainfall Data**\n\n# _2.1 Nahouri Cash Transfer P", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "rainfall data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " health? And what are the program implications of what we know, in other words, how can we narrow the gap between the potential and actual contribution of family planning? Data from the 61 countries which have conducted  >>> World Fertility Surveys <<<  (WFS) and Contraceptive Prevalence Surveys (CPS) in the last decade or so provide important clues to these questions (Population Reports, 1985). We turn now to a consideration of the main characteristics affecting use of contraception, focusing mainly on the woman, and the exten", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Fertility Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "opposed to no earnings and lower IPV risk (-4.7 percentage points) and membership of certain ethnic groups is associated with lower IPV risk. <mark>Our findings are consistent</mark> with other research using Nigeria\u2019s  >>> DHS data <<< ; being Hausa and Fulani as opposed to being Yoruba is associated with lowering risk of physical or sexual IPV by -5.3 and -5.2 percentage points respectively.<sup>25</sup>\n\n> 25 <mark>Nwabunike and Tenkorang\u2019s (2015) analysis of the 2008 NDHS finds that Hausa women are less like", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "available from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), which also provides a high resolution daily gridded (on 1<sup>_\u25e6_</sup> latitude by 1<sup>_\u25e6_</sup> longitude cells) rainfall dataset covering 1951-2003 based on  >>> daily records from more than 1800 weather stations <<< .<sup>15</sup> Normal precipitation during the 1960-2000 period for a district are interpolated from the 296 cells covering India using the proportion of the district\u2019s area in each cell as weights. District-level temperature normals are an average of records from the three neare", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "daily records from more than 1800 weather stations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sm. Thus, in the longer-term, it is possible that women may face greater difficulty recovering from the pandemic.\n\n> 23 Uneven recovery from work stoppages may be just one part of the gender story: Analysis based on the  >>> Indonesia Labor Force Surveys <<< , however, shows that six months into the pandemic, women in Indonesia were more likely to join the labor force for the first time, largely in unskilled, informal, and agricultural employment (Halim et al., 2021).\n\n18", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indonesia Labor Force Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "A**<br>|**DATE**||\n|**AUTHORISED**REPRESENTATIVE<br>EXTERNAL**RESOURCES**<br>|SIGNATURE:||\n|DEPARTMENT-TREASURY<br>|**DA T E**|**-- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - ----**<br>**-**|\n\n\n\nNOTE:The ending balance as per  >>> Central Bank of Kenya Ledger Account <<<  and the off-shore Special Account as at 30th June,2022 have been reconciled and a copy of the supporting Reconciliation Statement is attached.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Central Bank of Kenya Ledger Account", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "</sup> We give specific attention to the France-China trade relationship so to account for the role of China in the global trading system and its trade policy commitment. Using  >>> French micro-level data <<< , our empirical strategy consists in investigating how French firms\u2019 product scope and export sales changed as a consequence of China\u2019s largest unilateral tariff liberalization vis-`a-vis Asian trade liberalization. We focus on a sample of Asian 2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "French micro-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h as China, Poland, and Vietnam, rode the tide, while other countries, many in the Africa region, faltered. This paper studies the determinants of participation in global value chains, based on empirical evidence from a  >>> panel data set covering more than 100 countries <<<  over the past three decades. The evidence shows that factor endowments, geography, political stability, liberal trade policies, foreign direct investment inflows, and domestic industrial capacity are very important in determining participation in global value chains. These facto", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data set covering more than 100 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "###### **_(c) Status_** \n\nThe 2006 preliminary Annual School Census (90% response) results indicates that there are 6,439,791(with 3,233,064 boys and 3,206,727 girls) pupils in Government aided primary schools. The  >>> primary school teachers transaction <<<  as per June 2006, submitted by MOPS indicate that 126,987 teachers were on payroll. The resulting PTR i s 50.7:l. The reduction was caused by: \n\n**A** major payroll cleaning exercise was undertaken during financial year 2005/2006. The objective of the exercise was to ensure that", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "primary school teachers transaction", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a sources for the analysis presented here: (1) the PROSPERA panel data gathered, since 1997 all the way to 2017-2018 (on a subset of localities and individuals), for the evaluation of the initial experiment and (ii) the  >>> 2015 intercensus data <<<  collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).\n\n## **IV.A PROSPERA ENCEL panel**\n\nAs it is widely known, in 1997 a sample of 24,077 households in 506 rural localities was selected to implement a randomized controlled trial (RCT) in order to give robust ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2015 intercensus data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " market access. It seems intuitive in the context of the simple theoretical model developed above where distance to the nearest city ( _K_ or _J_ ) is a sufficient statistic for market access of a location.\n\n> 17We have  >>> data on 1975 <<<  which is used for initial conditions including the 1975 population density as a measure of agglomeration.\n\n> 18The DID results do not change in any significant way if we exclude arc distance to the nearest route from the regressions.\n\n20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data on 1975", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ve<br>landlocked capital(US$ per tonne)<br>Costs of mvoing imports from ports to<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Data collected from World Bank 2008, West Africa Trade Hub data, World Bank project documents, and  >>> AICD ports and railways database <<< .\n\nProlonged dwell times at ports, delays in crossing borders, and customs clearance processes add significant amounts of time to moving imports along regional corridors from ports. There is significant variation across corridors in port efficiency, border crossing delays, and ti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "AICD ports and railways database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> UNHCR IDP Data Report <<<  \u2013 May 2012 \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nIndividuals Top 10 provinces of origin of IDPs<br>0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000<br>Badghis 53,568<br>Kandahar 48,886<br>Hilmand 46,977<br>Kunar 27,918<br>Ghor 25,883<br>Nangarhar 23,136<br>Kapisa 21,886<br>Faryab 17,999", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Urban Poverty Database.\n\nNote: The statistics above are based on the household-level data pooled for 16 SSA countries. Real per capita consumption expenditures are deflated using a spatial deflator calculated using the  >>> GHSPOP 1km dataset <<<  and the DOU method.\n\n60", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GHSPOP 1km dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>(0.0007)|\n|_Constant_|4.874***|4.986***|5.230***|5.087***|\n||(0.155)|(0.173)|(0.428)|(0.166)|\n|Observations|7,180|7,164|3,093|7,180|\n|R-squared|0.877|0.872|0.678|0.876|\n\nSource:  >>> OECD ICIO database <<< . *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. _FVAX_ and _DVAR_ lagged. All level variables in natural logarithms.\n\nRegarding forward links, we find positive and significant mediating effects of lower unit labor cost, and more flexible labor mark", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD ICIO database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rganizations, by country, 2015\u201316** \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nBurkina Faso Kenya Jordan<br>300<br>294<br>250<br>200<br>193<br>150<br>100<br>50 57<br>0<br>Number of staff<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nSource:  >>> Data collected during survey and interviews with humanitarian organizations <<< . Further information available from the authors. \n\nBetween January and June 2017, 21 completed questionnaires were returned (seven from each country). Most organizations returned data relating to energy use in 2015\u201316 (although the precise period covered was not consistent betwe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data collected during survey and interviews with humanitarian organizations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e species with the Forest. \n\nThe assessment further reviewed below listed reports / literature. \n\n- Review existing biodiversity studies (previous EIAs, CHAs, KBAs, conservation plans). \n\n- Use species databases such as  >>> IUCN Red List <<<  and IBAT. \n\n- Identify potential CH-qualifying species and ecosystems before field verification. \n\n- Kenya National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Kenya Forest Services (KFS) and Kenya Wildlife Services (KWS) Data Sets \n\nLocal Community Forest Associations proposed local guides who gui", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IUCN Red List", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "llege education. The study sample is predominantly rural and participants are equally likely to be from the southern plains (Terai) as from the hills and mountains \u2013 again, similar to the distribution of migrants in the  >>> census <<<  (second panel, columns 1 and 2). Compared to the migrants in the census, the study sample is slightly more likely to be from the mid-western and far-western regions. However, this difference could reflect a change in the actual trend as migration has become more ubiquitous in 20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "household dietary diversity; (c) 96.5 percent of beneficiaries reported positive impact on school attendance and performance; and (d) 89.4 percent reported positive impacts on household health. \n\n11. Using data from the  >>> KIHBS <<<  2015/16, the KPGA further examines the impacts of the NSNP on a range of welfare indicators. Three main findings about the existing programs are that: (a) they are well targeted; (b) they have had positive effects on school enrolment, have reduced the probability of children wor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KIHBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "itutional setup for environmental and social impact assessment. The chapter presents all \n\nDetailed description of the baseline information of Kwa Murogi settlement; biological, physical environment and the results of a  >>> socioeconomic survey <<<  undertaken in the area indicates that; casual employment, formal employment and business are the main income generating activities for the residents. The settlement has relatively higher education levels as over 50% of household heads having attained secondary education and abov", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n to specific questions that utilized the Likert Scale to gauge their satisfaction levels regarding the bidding process and contract management in project procurement.  Feedback on EEU's procurement performance based on  >>> performance surveys <<<  questionaries is shown in **<mark>ANNEX</mark> 5.** \n\n##### **3.Procurement Risk Analysis** \n\nMost of Procurement risk rating is Substantial. \n\n|**Risk Description**|**Mitigation Measures**|**Time Frame**|\n|---|---|---|\n|**1. Governance**|||\n|**Aspects**|||\n\n\n\nSOLOMON \n\n2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "performance surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ervices. For instance, the manufacturing sample survey in the year 2005-06 is referred to as the 2006 survey. Likewise, we use 2010 in the tables and text to refer to the years 2009-10 for ASI data and years 2010-11 for  >>> NSSO data <<< . For services, we always refer the surveys by their start year.\n\n# **_Sample Preparation_**\n\nOur descriptive work primarily compares manufacturing and services during the overlapping period of 2000-2010. The raw data have 155,513 ASI observations and 408,002 NSSO observations. F", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSSO data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d relies on climatic inputs only, not taking into account the specific crop or soil conditions. See Allen et al. 1998. We use the monthly values and compute an annual value from this.\n\n> 32There are 421 districts in the  >>> ICRISAT <<<  file, compared to a total of 640 in India 2011 NSS. So about 35% are missing. However, our final dataset has about 575 districts (because we don\u2019t use all the states), so according to this 27% districts are missing in ICRISAT.To deal with the missing, we assigned the value of th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ICRISAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Outputs of the M&E System** \n\nKDLC Monitoring and Evaluation System is a Microsoft Access application that captures data regarding various aspects of training and utilization of the facility. The data is collected from  >>> evaluation forms <<<  and participant attendance sheets. The M&E system is input with a raw data from evaluation forms and attendance sheets and generates reports based on various aspects required by all relevant departments in the center. \n\n\u201cInput Data: \n\n1. Course Data \n\n   - a. Title of course \n\n ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "evaluation forms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ital flows to gross domestic product, taken from source a.<sup>26</sup> The data set covering the period 1980-2001 was compiled from the following<sup>27</sup> sources:\n\n- a. World Development Indicators, World Bank; b.  >>> International Financial Statistics <<<  CD-ROM of the IMF, Version 1.1.54;\n\n- c. Polity IV Database; d. Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED);\n\n- e. IMF Country Staff Reports.\n\n> 26 For Israel and South Africa the series are constructed by taking the ratio of the financial account\u2014obtained from source b (line 78bjd)\u2014to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Financial Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "SE is short for Self-employed. To combine the HIES and the RMS sample in Column 1, sample weights are applied. Data source: Bangladesh HIES 2016-17 for nonmigrants and RMS 2018-19 for return migrants; Nepal LFS 2017-18;  >>> Pakistan LFS <<<  2014-15 and 2017-18. * p _>_ 0.1, ** p _>_ 0.05, *** p _>_ 0.01.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Pakistan LFS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ramework to study how different allocation systems of public procurement contracts affect firm dynamics and long-run macroeconomic outcomes. It builds a novel panel dataset for Spain that merges public procurement data,  >>> credit register loan data <<< , and quasi-census firm-level data. The paper provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that procurement contracts act as collateral for firms and help them grow out of their financial constraints. The paper then builds a model of firm dynamics with asset- and earnings-bas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "credit register loan data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ldren biases the estimated slope parameter (called IGRC in the literature) downward in a linear educational mobility model, see Emran et al. (2018) and Azam and Bhatt (2015). To understand whether the estimates from the  >>> census data <<<  are substantially biased, we take advantage of the fact that the IFLS collected information on the nonresident children. If the estimates from census data are substantially biased downward, the estimates of relative mobility would be substantially di\u001berent from those based on IF", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l-rich countries as defined by Lundgren, Thomas, and York (2013) are identified with color red. It excludes Burundi and Liberia which have ANS of -32 % and -61 % of GNI, respectively. Source: authors\u2019 calculations using  >>> World Bank data <<<  and the CPIA database._ 47", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ial position as at that date. The Chief Executive Officer for Coast Water Works Development Agency and the Project Coordinator for Water and Sanitation Service Improvement project further confirm the completeness of the  >>> accounting records <<<  maintained for the Project, which have been relied upon in the preparation of the Project financial statements as well as the adequacy of the systems **of** internal financial control. \n\nThe Chief Executive Officer for Coast Water Works Development Agency and the Project Coordin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al<br>(urban)<br>Population average  Kiambu County  Nairobi County<br>No education (< primary) ~Primary ~Secondary ~Higher Other<br>Percent of population<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Source:** Shona SES (2019) and  >>> KIHBS <<<  (KNBS 2015/16). \n\n\ue063 **FIGURE 26:** Educational achievement by county and gender (15 years+, not currently attending) \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n10080 16 4 22 10 1 18 15 2 18 9 22 19 6 31 4 12 1 27<br>35 41 39<br>60 38 68 69 40<br>67 70 60 39 66<br>40<br>20 35 38 39 36<br", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KIHBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> Firm-level Adoption of Technology Survey <<<  finds that firms in Kenya are far from the technological frontier, relying primarily on basic digital technologies to perform general business functions. Adoption of technologies is very heterogenous and associated with firm size, highlighting a duality between sophisticated ent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Firm-level Adoption of Technology Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**R\u00e9sum\u00e9** \n\n#### **Structure g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019\u00e9tude** \n\nCette \u00e9tude est divis\u00e9e en trois parties. Au **Chapitre 1** , nous examinons les  >>> donn\u00e9es financi\u00e8res <<<  disponibles du point de vue des tendances au fil du temps, de l\u2019\u00e9volution des financements attribu\u00e9s aux divers domaines de responsabilit\u00e9 (AoR), des variations entre donateurs, et des sch\u00e9mas des pays b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires et des partenaires d\u2019ex\u00e9cution, et nous concluons (a) que le fi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es financi\u00e8res", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "describes the data, their construction and their sources and shows some simple summary statistics about the educational structure of labor force data and  >>> migrant data <<< . Section 4 presents the basic results of the simulated wage e\u00a4ects of immigrants using our model and the range of parameters available from the literature. Section 5 considers the wage e\u00a4ect when accounting for undocumented workers, for schooling quality di\u00a4erences, 4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "migrant data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "A closer look at the  >>> data for old age and disability pensions <<<  shows that male pensioners on average do reach a high net replacement rate. Male pensioners in 1994 on average had 39.3 insured years of service with an average of 1. I personal points per year. Relating the average pension paid to male pensioners in 1994 to the average wage res", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for old age and disability pensions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er the Juba conflict. This triggered new displacement of civilians mainly in Leer where some have settled next to the Leer UNMISS Temporary Operating Base (estimated 1840 individuals as of end December 2016 according to  >>> UNMISS \u2013GHANBATT figures <<< ).<sup>18</sup> After conflict for a few months in central-southern Unity particularly around Thornyor and Adok, there are now estimated to be well over 10,000 IDPs in the area hiding in the swamps and islands of the area avoiding conflict.  The UNMISS assessment is that the area", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNMISS \u2013GHANBATT figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u2019une qualit\u00e9 un peu meilleure en limitant son ampleur aux  >>> relev\u00e9s du FTS <<<  auxquels a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9 le code de secteur \u00ab protection \u00bb et qui sont \u00e9galement **r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9s par rapport \u00e0 un CAP sp\u00e9cifique ou \u00e0 un appel analogue \u00e0 un CAP** , et cela, pour des raisons \u00e9videntes : lorsqu\u2019une contribution est encod\u00e9e par rapport \u00e0 une demande sp\u00e9cifique, l\u2019ense", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "relev\u00e9s du FTS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r costs, than do domestic support measures.\n\nThese results point to the importance of ensuring that market access is high on the Doha Development Agenda\u2019s agricultural negotiations.<sup>18</sup> Recall, though, that the  >>> GTAP database <<<  does not include the tariff equivalent of non-tariff import restrictions such as technical barriers to trade. That means market access is even more important than the above model results imply, but it also means improving access requires not only tariff cuts but also stronger di", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GTAP database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "munity engagement and communications** \n\n- **i.** Continued public relations and communications activity on **COVID-19** related activities **by** the consultancy firm. The contract ended in June 2022. \n\n- **ii.** Three  >>> knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys <<<  were undertaken across the country on **COVID.** 1 immersion exercise conducted. The findings have informed the planning of the Ministry on COVID response. \n\n- iii. Setting up of a call centre within the Ministry to help in communications and health promotion activities. \n\n- iv.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " enrolment rates thereby dropping students . Jobless-upper bound reduces the inactivity rate by gross upper secondary and by partial net lower secondary thereby dropping students.\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 computations based on  >>> data from ILO KILM and WDI 28 <<< ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from ILO KILM and WDI 28", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(log)|Monetary<br>Poverty|Income<br>Inequality<br>Gini|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|P1|0.77*|-0.46*|-0.05|\n|P2|0.46*|-0.38*|-0.11|\n|P3|0.17|-0.40*|-0.17|\n|P4|0.80*|-0.47*|-0.38*|\n\n* Significant at 95% confidence interval Source:  >>> Social Sustainability Global Database 2022 <<< \n\n# **4.3 Robustness checks**\n\nWe first check for the best-fitting association between each social sustainability component and per capita GDP, poverty and inequality. To do that we compare our results in figures 2 to 4 (fitting a linear association between social components and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Social Sustainability Global Database 2022", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lient to external shocks, including those caused by disease or climate change. \n\n12. **The outcomes in clean cooking are even more dire with about 95 percent of Ugandans using solid biomass fuels for their meals** . The  >>> SDG7 tracking report <<< <sup>9</sup> identified Uganda as one of the 20 largest deficit countries in the population without access to clean cooking and highlighted Uganda as", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SDG7 tracking report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "38 \n\nANNEX I: PUBLIC POLICIES \n\nWhile IDPs and the poor urban populations share many unfavorable characteristics, the condition of IDPs as victims of the conflict only worsens their situation.  >>> Data from the PIU <<< , based on data of the Unit for Comprehensive Assistance to the Displaced (UAID), reveal that the main causes of displacement in Bogot\u00e1 are: direct threats (62%), followed by forced recruitment (9%), situations of murders and situations of fear (9%) and situations of tension (8%)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from the PIU", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rospects of return in the short to medium term. Their primary destinations were Colombia, Peru, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Argentina, the Caribbean, Costa Rica, Mexico, Spain, and the United States of America. According to  >>> figures provided by host governments <<< , more than 400 000 Venezuelans lodged new asylum claims since the beginning of 2014, and nearly 60 percent of them (248 000), during 2018 alone. Two thirds of asylum applications by Venezuelans were registered in Latin America and the rest in North America and some European coun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "figures provided by host governments", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oxies from several sources (Table 3.2).<sup>31</sup> These produce estimates of annual average displacement risk for each of the reviewed countries. For loss data, the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT)<sup>32</sup> and  >>> national disaster loss databases <<<  were used, primarily for homeless/homes destroyed figures. Other disaster metrics, such as the number of people affected, were also used to estimate displacement risk because these entries were often more consistent than homeless data in both databases. \n\nThe displacement risk e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national disaster loss databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d and converted from Ethiopian Birr to US Dollars using CPI and exchange rate data from https://data.worldbank.org. Vertical line shows the mean loan amount per WEDP loan for each year. \n\nFigure 1 presents data from the  >>> WEDP Management Information System <<<  <u>(MIS)</u> which links the realtime information from OSS registration databases with loan and training information reported by MFIs and training institutes. In Panel A, we show the number of WEDP loans distributed per year where every year the WEDP MFIs and banks disbursed on ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WEDP Management Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ated Boulding and Wampler\u2019s (2008) original database of PB for all Brazilian municipalities with at least 100,000 residents (N = 253). Our information on the adoption of PB programs comes from similar sources as theirs:  >>> surveys of Brazilian officials <<< , a non-governmental organization\u2019s records, and secondary sources for the 1989\u20132016 period (Spada et al. 2016; Wampler and Touchton 2017; Spada et al. 2012; Torres and Grazia 2003; Wampler and Avritzer 2008). We begin with a dichotomous measure, but also move beyond a simple dis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys of Brazilian officials", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rences.\n\nThese reductions in worker productivity may be explained by several mechanisms: general customer disinterest in working with female agents, differential bargaining, or overtly negative interactions.<sup>5</sup>  >>> Data from agent-customer chat interactions <<<  suggest that customer disinterest is the most likely channel. We find that consumers respond more slowly to female agents, only responding after receiving additional messages from the agent.<sup>6</sup> This result suggests some consumers are hesitant to engage with female agent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from agent-customer chat interactions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "07|\n|Sewing machine|0.308|0.004|0.555|0.012|\n|<br>Tools/Material|-0.951|0.122|-0.588|0.090|\n|Small business stocks|0.089|0.001|0.068|0.001|\n|Partial inertia contribution(%)|14.78||19.16||\n\nSource: Own computations using  >>> June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys <<< . Note: *Filtration products are generally used in relatively poor regions so that it can explain the negative weight.\n\nUsing retrospective data on assets from the June survey, Figure 4 presents the asset index distributions before the earthquake, in February and in June. Using t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "OVID-19 pandemic have been well-documented in high-income countries, studies in low- and middle-income countries have been relatively rare due to data limitations. This paper uses pre-pandemic household welfare data and  >>> high-frequency household phone survey data <<<  from seven middle-income countries in East Asia and the Pacific, spanning May 2020 to May 2021, to analyze the distributional impacts of the pandemic and their implications for equitable recovery. The results indicate that employment impacts at the extensive margin have been lar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "high-frequency household phone survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "90<br>Poverty rate in urban areas Poverty rate in rural areas<br>Poverty rate in urban areas Poverty rate in rural areas<br>Poverty rate in urban areas Poverty rate in rural areas<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< .\n\nNote: GDP per capita is measured in PPP (constant 2017 international $). For the DOU and DB methods, GHSPOP 1km is used. Urban areas include the categories \u201cUrban center\u201d and \u201cUrban cluster\u201d for the DOU method, and the categories \u201cCore\u201d and \u201cSuburb\u201d for the DB method. Poverty ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " consumption expenditure to economic sectors for which we have estimated producer price changes. The estimate of the indirect impact is empirically driven in precisely the same way as the direct impact estimate: it uses  >>> household-level consumption expenditure records <<<  to compile a household-specific indirect impact.\n\nThe negative impact on consumption from increased prices of goods and services other than the gasoline sector is shown in Table 6. The average loss in welfare from indirect impacts is about 3.4 percent and it is higher than the d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household-level consumption expenditure records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roductivity growth remains fixed to be consistent with historical trends. The baseline includes the future reduction of tariffs as a result of existing FTA commitments up to 2030. For TPP members, tariff cuts follow the  >>> database of the International Trade Centre <<<  (2015). The rest of the FTA commitments for the baseline (e.g., NAFTA, AFTA, the ASEAN-Japan FTA, the ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand FTA and the P4 Agreement among Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Singapore and New Zealand) come from Petri and Plummer (2016).\n\n- **CPTPP and TPP12:** imple", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "database of the International Trade Centre", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of the AF is Moderate. \n\n# **Social Risk Rating** \n\nSubstantial \n\nSimilar to the Parent Project, social risks of the AF are related to: (i) land acquisition for PW, (ii) social exclusion and elite capture for targeting ( >>> Assessments conducted in the country <<<  indicate that young people and women are at a significant disadvantaged position in the urban labor market). (iii) insufficient community engagement, and (iv) lack of GBV related awareness among beneficiaries and implementers as well as capacity gap in prevention and response am", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Assessments conducted in the country", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "coverage for China is comparable to that of  >>> Orbis <<< ; Worldscope has information for 2,950 firms. However, for India, the coverage is more limited with only 2,592 firms included in the database, most of which with information available only from 2005 onward. A comparison of the sample of Indian firms in Orbis and Worldscope sugges", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Orbis", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "SO\u2019s survey periods.\n\n**_National accounts:_** We use private final consumption expenditure and net domestic product and its sectoral components from the National Accounts Statistics (NAS). To mesh the NAS data with the  >>> poverty data from the NSSO <<< , we have linearly interpolated the annual national accounts data to the mid-point of the survey period for different rounds.\n\nThere has been a rising gap over time between NAS and NSS consumption aggregates.<sup>34</sup> From the point of view of the present discussion, it is no", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "poverty data from the NSSO", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".** A baseline survey for selected districts in the Programme was undertaken in 2007. A second panel survey was fielded to the same households in 2009. In 2011, a  >>> third round panel survey <<<  was undertaken that assessed progress towards the same indicators as previous evaluations and additional indicators related to the impact of the transfers on adolescent sexual practice and on the effect of the cash transfer on the household, community and local economy. The init", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "third round panel survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".66%|3.10%|5.14%|9.93%|\n||(5.85)|(12.29)|(10.30)|(10.45)|(15.36)|\n\n_Note:_ This table presents descriptive statistics for firm characteristics, using  >>> RAIS data <<<  from 2016 to 2020. Means and standard errors, in parentheses, are calculated for the subset of private firms and BOS, and for each BOS type: public, mixed capital, and private firms with state participation. Innovative firms are defined as firms with at least one worker employed", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RAIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "DHS for all seven adequacy dimensions. For five countries</mark> (Kazakhstan, Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam <mark>) imputation was impossible due to missing data in both the H</mark> CES <mark>and  >>> DHS surveys <<<  and one dimension remains missing. Overall, this implies that we are potentially underestimating the inadequacy for those countries where data on one adequacy dimension is missing as a stricter definition of adequacy has shown to increase housing deficit estimations (cf. World B", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "layed\n\n> 8 Long-term trends (proxied by 15-year moving averages) in national inflation rates and output growths are eliminated. In Appendix, robustness of the main results to different data frequencies (e.g., the use of  >>> quarterly data <<< ) or different de-trending methods are tested.\n\n> 9 For 90 percent of the countries in the sample, the factor loadings on the global factor (coefficients associated with the global factor in the model) are positive (and statistically significant within 90 percent confidence inter", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quarterly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 9+ 10+ 11+ 12+ 13+ 14+<br>Difference\u2212in\u2212Differences<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Figure 7: Difference-in-Differences: Cumulative distribution of maternal education.** Notes: Figures based on 2,118 observations in  >>> ECED <<< . These are point estimates of the difference-in-differences coefficient in a sequence linear probability models. All models control for (ln) of school-aged population in maternal district of birth around 1973 (interacted with \u201dtreated cohort\u201c).", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ECED", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n 2010 in Azerbaijan, and in 1996-1998 in Angola.\n\nTo examine the relationship between oil and gas discoveries and arms imports I combine data on oil and gas discoveries from Horn (2011), updated by the World Bank, with  >>> arms imports data <<<  from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), as well as from the United Nations (COMTRADE). I estimate a panel covering 120 developing countries over 1990-2017, i.e. the post-Cold War years which also include the latest oil price boom that peaked in 2011 (F", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "arms imports data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "39)||\n|_DVAR* Training_||||0.0319*<br>(0.0180)|\n|_Constant_|4.974***|4.828***|4.9067***|5.0618***|\n||(0.177)|(0.190)|(0.1821)|(0.1825)|\n|Observations|7,284|6,822|7,284|7,284|\n|R-squared|0.870|0.871|0.870|0.870|\n\nSource:  >>> OECD ICIO database <<< . *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Notes: Robust standard errors in parentheses. _FVAX_ and _DVAR_", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD ICIO database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tional time per interview target is the largest relative to other countries, given the number of modules the survey administered (as high as 191 minutes and as low as 81 minutes).\n\nFurthermore, the analysis combines the  >>> duration data <<<  with the information on the total survey costs to provide the cost estimate for a minute of face-to-face multi-topic survey data collection in each country. In Cambodia, the cost per minute is estimated at $0.87, while the comparable figures are $1.71 in Ethiopia, and $3.94 in T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "duration data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Number ofwomen beneficiaries|11,675|\n|---|---|\n|Number ofprojects completed|621|\n\n\n\n**Source:  >>> MIS Data <<< ** \n\nThrough its emphasis on group operation, the GIF tested modalities such as peer support, group modality to maximize the number of beneficiaries, and business skills enhancement through training. Reaching out to build the capacity of the target group was slow and difficult be", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MIS Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> exports data <<< . We develop a new index of \u2015service exports sophistication\u2016 and examine its relation with growth.\n\nAs countries develop, they undergo structural transformation. Traditional theories have focused on growth as transition from agricultural to industrial production, with manufacturi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "exports data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ")|\n|Intercept|648.0***|1939.7***|705.7***|2173.6***|\n||(71.0)|(117.9)|(83.3)|(132.7)|\n|No. of Children||-716.8***||-838.0***|\n|||(49.7)||(56.8)|\n|No. Observations|4326|4326|3632|3632|\n\nNotes: (1) The data used are  >>> CFPS 2010 <<< . (2) Robust standard errors in parentheses; *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CFPS 2010", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s of trade, productivity differential, trade openness, and foreign exchange reserves. The indicators are defined as follows:\n\n- **REER:** data for the REER ( _reer_ ) is taken from the BIS (1994-2015) and appended using  >>> data from the IMF <<<  (1980-1993), where both series are based on a trade-weighted nominal effective exchange rate (foreign currency units per unit of domestic currency) and relative CPI price indices. For the period December 2007-October 2015, we adjust the REER ( _reer_adj_ ) to correct the domesti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the IMF", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rticularly binding for firm size (e.g., Besley and Burgess 2004).\n\nUnderstandably, many researchers are instead drawn to metrics that are more tightly connected to the dynamic nature of entrepreneurship. The more recent  >>> micro-data <<<  have both enabled these measurements and stressed their better performance relative to small business counts (e.g., Haltiwanger et al. 2010). One approach focuses on start-ups within a single industry so that finer characterizations and case studies can be made (e.g., Saxenian 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "micro-data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "community level to ensure the broader stakeholders\u2019 participation in the preparation of the SA/ULCPF. First, the views of the stakeholders at the federal level were incorporated. The preparation of the SA/ULCPF used the  >>> data from the recent KIIs <<<  conducted with relevant federal level stakeholders including the respective Sector Implementing Agencies (SIAs) during the preparation of the Security Risk Assessment (SRA) for the HCO project (reported November 2024). Second, KIIs were conducted with the respective Line Impleme", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the recent KIIs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ract**\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic significantly changed mobility patterns in the Bogot\u00e1 and Buenos Aires metropolitan areas, as shown by the differences between the October 2019, 2020, and 2021 indicator values derived from  >>> call detail record\u2013based origin-destination matrices <<< . The differences between 2019 and 2020 were more notable than between 2019 and 2021 on most mobility indicators, demonstrating a reversal of the pre-pandemic mobility habits. However, by late 2021, the return to pre-pandemic levels was still very partial in the case of public tr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "call detail record\u2013based origin-destination matrices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ipation rate at 65.7 percent and the female rate slighter lower at 64.5 percent. The overall labor participation rate is much higher in the rural areas (69.4 percent) than urban Freetown (53.9 percent). According to the  >>> 2014 Labor Force Survey <<< , 59.2 percent of the Labor force is engaged in self-employment in the agricultural sector, with the percentage slightly larger for men than for youth and women (Table 4).\n\n**Table 4: Sierra Leone-Employment by Sector**\n\n|**Sectors**|**Men**<br>**(%)**|**Women**<br>**(%)**|**Yout", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 Labor Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tions using each of the 1,800 plus surveys available at the World Bank, the greatest majority of these distributions would be bell-shaped. \n\nThis is also what we find with the expenditure aggregates constructed from the  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< . The aggregates with and without UNHCR assistance are clearly bell-shaped with a saddle point around a value of 4 (ln JD). This is much less the case for income, the distribution of which is extremely irregular. We can also observe that the expenditure aggregate net of UNHCR cas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " countries. The  >>> Lalibela Enterprise Survey <<<  that showed the following percentages of earnings from tourist\u2019s expenditure in Lalibela: \n\n**Annex 2, Figure 1. 1: Distribution of Tourist Revenue in Lalibela** \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nCraft sellers 1% Other inc.120<br>Restaurants/  beggars<br>bars 10% 2%<br>Transpor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Lalibela Enterprise Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l. (2001), with a focus on Asian countries, to 200 countries as in Wallsten (2003), with both developed and developing countries. We do a cross-country analysis on the impact of reforms on telecom performance by using a  >>> database of 204 countries <<< , 153 developing and 51 developed. The sample size is thus the largest so far\u2014 although only marginally so when compared to Wallsten\u2019s.\n\nWhen drawing general lessons for reformers, the main advantages of a large sample are that it reduces the risk of sample selection bias and all", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database of 204 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0**|74,200|45,700|48,000|**91**|**65**|\n|**1975**|**52,500**|86,100|48,900|54,800|**93**|64|\n\n\n\nSources: World Bank, Appraisal of a Second Education Project in Kenya, Annex **3.** Ministry of Education Annual Report and  >>> Teachers Service Commission Statistics <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Teachers Service Commission Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method. The MC approximation to the EB \u02c6 predictor _\u03c4c_<sup>_EB_</sup> = _E_ ( _\u03c4c|yc,s_ ; _\u03b8_<sup>\u02c6</sup> ), as described in Rao and Molina (2015), is obtained as follows:\n\n1. Using the  >>> survey data <<< , fit model (1) via any method providing consistent estimators. This yields the vector of parameter estimates:\n\nUsual fitting methods under this approach are", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "personal income tax by following the OECD\u2019s assumption that income distribution is lognormal, and allowing for a distribution of income based on each country\u2019s Gini coefficient (taken in most cases from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Poveal database <<< ) around average wage income (taken from national sources). We then located within this stylized income distribution the tax brackets as outlined in the tax code. The average marginal tax rate is the average across tax brackets of marginal tax rates weighted by total income in ea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Poveal database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " level in parentheses, *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. All estimations control for country fixed effects. Samples in col. 3-7 include only households receiving the relevant type of income before the pandemic. _Source_ :  >>> HFPS Nigeria R9 <<<  (Jan 2021) and Uganda R5 (Feb 2021).\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HFPS Nigeria R9", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " improving economic performance, particularly in countries with large fuel subsidies, such as Indonesia and Mexico. Cali et al. (2023) studied firms from 12 sectors and 11 middle-income countries during 2002\u20132013, using  >>> World Bank Enterprise Survey data <<< . The study did not consistently find that higher energy prices negatively affect economic performance; they may even enhance it in some cases. Firms might be able to offset increased energy costs through innovation or new market strategies. The impact of energy prices on firms i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "atisfaction with improved water services, and the stability and reliability of the water supply. Beneficiaries also indicated reduced coping costs of water supply and treatment and time to fetch water.  Table 1 presents  >>> data on coverage and service levels <<<  in largest project towns before and after the project. \n\n**Table 1: Water coverage and availability in selected UWMDP towns** \n\n||Service C|overage(%)|Hours of Operatio|nper Day|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Name of the|2013|2018|2013|2018|\n|town|||||\n|Arua|96(79)|100(81)|3|24|\n|Bushe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on coverage and service levels", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ifferent technologies and an improved allocation of resources if the industry in question is in line with the country\u2019s comparative advantages (Lin, 2010).\n\n# **9. Conclusion**\n\nUsing a newly available data set from the  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<<  (2006\u201310) for 39,538 firms across 98 countries, we investigate the binding constraints on firms\u2019 employment growth. With an econometric model and subjective measures, we find that access to finance and informal sector competition are the most binding constraints\u2014both globally an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". **Land resources, water resources, and basic services have been further strained by the influx of refugees** . Uganda is the largest refugee-hosting country in Africa and one of the top five in the world. According to  >>> data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees <<<  (UNHCR), Uganda had the highest number of new refugees in the world in 2016; Uganda hosted 940,835 refugees, 514,000 of whom arrived during the second half of the year. By December 2017, the number of refugees had increased to 1.4 million. About 75 percent of these refugees are ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>35<br>30<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>No  Ranger  Wildlife  No compen- Land  Other<br>resource  harassment damage sation shortage<br>access<br>Percentage giving reason<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nSource:  >>> ITFC survey <<< , 2004. \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nFigure 9<br>Changes in community perceptions about parks, by (community-defined) wealth category<br>100<br>90<br>80<br>70<br>60<br>50<br>40<br>30<br>20<br>10<br>0<br>Overall 1 2 3 4<br>Wealth category<br>Decreased approval   No change   ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ITFC survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e disruption caused by the civil war in C\u02c6ote d\u2019Ivoire may have affected the resource allocation across the Abidjan and non-Abidjan areas in Mali and Burkina Faso, we adopt an empirical model that takes advantage of the  >>> panel data <<<  by combining sub-district level fixed effect with a triple-difference set-up. With a two-period panel of employment shares, the regression specification is as follows:\n\n> 16West Africa countries include: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote d\u2019Ivoire, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Togo, Mauritania, S", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "---|---|\n|Percent of NSNP|Text<br>15.00|47|47|30.40|\n|beneficiaries who can name<br>two means of making a<br>complaint|31-May-2013|30-Dec-2016|31-Dec-2018|30-Nov-2018|\n\n\n\n**Comments (achievements against targets):** The  >>> PIBSII data <<<  shows that this indicator is 30.40% as an average for NSNP programs. This indicator is \n\nPage 41 of 65", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIBSII data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or other nonagricultural household businesses and equal to zero if an individual was not working in a given period. To construct a pre-COVID-19 employment indicator we use a set of retrospective questions available from  >>> waves 2 to 4 <<<  which ask for every household member if they were working in either wage work, household businesses or agriculture in February 2020.<sup>13</sup> We also use work stoppages measured by the proportion of individuals who were employed before COVID-19 and who stopped working afterw", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "waves 2 to 4", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "employment and capital stock data. They can serve as additional controls to gauge the true effect of GVC integration.\n\nFor the estimation, we merge the industry coverage of the OECD ICIO database with the  >>> WIOD database <<<  to allow for comparability and robustness checks, which leaves us with 29 industries. In addition, we exclude nontradable industries, so that the sample consists of 20 industries, of which 2 are primary industries, 13 manufacturing industries, and 5 service industries. For a des", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WIOD database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " age cohort are calculated using non-parametric locally weighted regression (LOWESS) with a bandwidth of 0.3. Panel A presents results unconditional on working which use the 1991 and 2009 waves of the CHNS, and the 2008  >>> CHARLS pilot <<< . Because of the small sample of respondents who were working in urban areas in the CHARLS pilot, results conditional on working (Panel B) are only estimated using the CHNS.\n\n31", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CHARLS pilot", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Korea, especially after its recent financial crisis.\n\nTo identify the existence of a distinctive credit channel (especially the bank lending channel), he applies two empirical tests to both aggregate financial data and  >>> disaggregated bank balance sheet data <<< .\n\nAs a more definitive analysis of the role of the credit channel, he estimates a disequilibrium model of the bank loan market, specifying separate loan demand and supply equations to characterize the credit crunch and identify its intensity in the wake of the crisis.\n\nHe finds ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "disaggregated bank balance sheet data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "actions taken by village governments to improve service provision, as measured in  >>> survey data <<< . We examine the dynamic timing of these effects and we probe the robustness of these results. We then show that these gains are especially pronounced for socially distant citizens and in villages where turnover weakens nepotistic networks. Finally, we document their limited pass", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sistent quantitative framework for the Sierra Leone rice sector in order to simulate the effects of policy interventions as well as the potential impact of technical progress in the sector. The model is largely based on  >>> survey information <<<  collected in 2016. Importantly, the model is disaggregated across the five rice", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roups. For example, Ethiopia\u2019s health system is highly dependent on female health workers (represent 70% of health sector workers) which puts them in a higher risk of exposure to COVID-19. In line with the global trend,  >>> local data <<<  confirmed that the pandemic disproportionately affected those with compromised immunity either as a result of age (>65 years of age) or comorbidities. Hence, the vaccine deployment strategy employs house-to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "local data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on the quality assumption, but lacking any meaningful information we decided to use a mean quality assumption of 4 across the countries.\n\nTo model estimated damage due to a particular earthquake event the data from the  >>> ShakeMaps <<<  and GESI are used. Then, one identifies the value of peak ground acceleration that each nightlight cell experiences by matching each earthquake point with its nearest nightlight cell. If the cell is further away than 1.5 kilometers or if it experiences shaking (PGA) of less than", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ShakeMaps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "b</sup> Nine major groups of occupations according to ISCO 88.<sup>c</sup> 15 sectors (A, B,...,O) according to NACE. _Sources:_ Calculation based on  >>> LFS data <<< .\n\nCan segregation, human capital, or the longer hours worked by men explain inequality in pay between the sexes? While females are better educated and over-represented among professionals (see Appendix Table 27), a well-paid occupation, they are heavily concentrated in education", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LFS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r year at the HV level and 224 interruptions at the MV level).\n\nThe substantial problems with the quality of service suggested by these data are consistent with indicative enterprise data available from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Enterprise Surveys in 41 countries in SSA <<<  (World Bank 2016b). The data years for the Enterprise Surveys vary from country to country, nor do they necessarily match the reference years in this paper, but the medians are 6.3 outages per month (equivalent to 76 outages per year) and 5.5 hours per outage for those reporting", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys in 41 countries in SSA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".5|\n|_2000-2002_||||||\n||Education|0.3|20.3|20.6|15.0|\n||Age|-2.0|6.7|4.6|4.1|\n||Economic Sector|-0.5|5.6|5.1|10.2|\n||Status|0.6|17.8|18.4|14.4|\n\n_Source:_ Calculations based on the  >>> ENEU <<<  (third quarter).\n\nThird, the income effect is always prevalent. If one considers, for instance, the 1988\u201396 period, changes in the relative earnings among educational groups alone would have generated a larger deterioration in the earnings distribution than the one observed. The", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENEU", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d processing modules: a first workflow defines the building fraction (BF) within each 90 m grid cell based on TDX-DEM, TDX-AMP, and S2. The second module analyzes height differences occurring along building edges in the  >>> TDX-DEM elevation data <<<  to derive the average building height (BH) at 90 m gridding. A last processing workflow combines the previously derived BF and BH information to calculate the building volume (BV).<sup>1</sup> To determine the building fraction BF, the temporal maximum of the Normalized Differen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "TDX-DEM elevation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " text --> 0<br>-5<br>-10<br>-15<br>-20<br>-25<br>Poorest 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Richest<br>Deciles of Market Income plus Pensions<br>share in per capita income (%)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Own estimates based on  >>> Turkey 2016 HBS <<< . Note: changes calculated from Market income plus pensions to Disposable income.\n\n16 Spending in social transfers (non-contributory) in percent of GDP: Turkey 1.2 Chile 1.6 Mexico 1.0 Russia 5.3 Brazil 5.4 Argentina 5.8. Source: CEQ Data Center on Fiscal Redistribution.\n\n28", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Turkey 2016 HBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s m\u00e9nages \n\n**susceptibles d'\u00eatre class\u00e9s comme mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment vuln\u00e9rables** (36,5% contre 51,5% pour les hommes) **beaucoup moins susceptibles d'\u00eatre class\u00e9s comme les moins vuln\u00e9rables** dirig\u00e9s par des hommes). \n\n\u2e3b \n\n> 8  >>> Enqu\u00eate MICS 2015 <<< . \n\n> 9 PS: Cette composante est diff\u00e9rement collect\u00e9e pour les m\u00e9nages h\u00f4tes, cependant son poids est tr\u00e8s n\u00e9gligeable dans la construction de l\u2019indice composite. \n\n> 10 Apr\u00e8s la construction de l\u2019indice sur la base des donn\u00e9es, une proc\u00e9dure d'appel a entra\u00een\u00e9 de l\u00e9g\u00e8res modifi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enqu\u00eate MICS 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n capacity within the asylum priority was acknowledged, respondents felt that the allocation to the integration priority was insufficient to meet prevailing needs. \n\nRespondents in Greece and Portugal noted **the use of  >>> outdated statistics <<<  when weighting funding across National Programme priorities** , which in Greece led to overestimated needs for the return priority. Actors in Spain also reported the negative impact of the reliance on data from 2011-12 to set priorities and allocations, noting the substantial in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "outdated statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies (LDCs) \u2013 normally considered price takers - behave with respect to pricing decisions and how firms adjust their prices according to their trade partner\u2019s characteristics. This paper\u2019s analysis benefits from a novel,  >>> firm-level dataset from Tanzanian exporters <<< <sup>7</sup> . By accessing this disaggregated information, this paper is able to examine diverse aspects of pricing behavior across both firms and destinations.\n\n# **3. Tanzania Trade Performance**\n\nTanzania is considered one of the best performers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level dataset from Tanzanian exporters", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "17, that this indicator in the NSNP PforR framework would be replaced by an indicator related to recertification (due to the technical challenges with accurately measuring targeting conformity through PIBS). Further the  >>> PIBS II survey <<<  does not seem to provide comparable information to the baseline. SAU has prepared a recertification strategy which is ready for sign off and roll out of the same is expected to commence second half of 2019. The indicator is therefore considered mostly achieved. \n\n### **<mark>A.2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIBS II survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "culties in access to finance by firm type, particularly firm size. Generally the finding is that smaller firms are more constrained (Love and Mylenko 2003; IDB 2007). Beck, Demirg\u00fc\u00e7Kunt, and Maksimovic (2005), using the  >>> World Business Environment Survey data set <<< , include measures of corruption and property rights. Based on firms\u2019 perceptions of potential constraints, they also find patterns across countries, with small firms benefiting the most from greater financial and institutional development.\n\nAterido, Hallward-Driemeier, and Pag\u00e9s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Business Environment Survey data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">Informality and Employment in Zimbabwe</u>_\n\nZimbabwe\u2019s statistical office (ZimStat) reports some figures on the informal sector in its  >>> 2014 labour force survey <<<  (LFCLS). According to the LFCLS, about 14% of employment is provided by the informal sector (informal employment, by contrast, nears 90%, implying substantial off-thebooks employment elsewhere). ZimStat places unemployment in Zimbabwe at 11%, a contested figure, as its definitio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 labour force survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "w politicians to get away with larger rents and lower public goods. Consistent with this view of ethnicity as an instrument of clientelist strategies, Eifert et al (2010) find that self-reported ethnic attachment in the  >>> Afrobarometer survey <<< s is greater when the question is asked nearer to elections.\n\nTable 1 provides further data on reported participation in groups for 18 African countries covered by the most recent round of the Afrobarometer survey around 2008. On average, across all countries, 26 percent report b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Afrobarometer survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ipitation and air temperature for the 1900-2017 period, based on weather station data, but interpolated to a 0.5-degree by 0.5-degree latitude/longitude grid (with the grid nodes centered on the 0.25 degree).\n\nUsing the  >>> 2001 district census boundaries <<< , we average the precipitation/air temperature data of all data points within each district boundary to create district-level averages for all the years between 1970 and 2012.\n\nUsing these district-level time series, we classify years (in each district) as to whether or not adver", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001 district census boundaries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "> \n\n3. **Despite these recent developments, Ethiopia remains among the world\u2019s poorest countries.** Annual per capita income was US$890 in 2020, and human development, as reflected in a score of 0.38 on the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Human Capital Index <<<  (HCI), places Ethiopia in the bottom 21 of the 174 countries included in the HCI (2020) globally. The COVID-19 crisis has exacerbated existing socioeconomic challenges facing Ethiopia, highlighting the precariousness of many in the labor market and threatening Ethiopia\u2019s pre-pan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Human Capital Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0<br><!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Vertical lines indicate multiples of a nutrition based poverty line, which is equal to 875 RMB Yuan Per Capita in 2000 RMB. All values are in 2000 RMB Yuan per capita. We use the  >>> RCRE Rural Household Surveys <<<  for 1995 to 2003 from Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu and Shanxi and the matched RCRE 2004 Supplemental Rural Household Social Network, Labor Allocation and Land Use Survey.\n\n32", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RCRE Rural Household Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on transitions from primary to lower secondary education, and thus to completion of elementary education, the foundation for literacy and numeracy.  Girls are especially negatively impacted by this situation.  A recent  >>> household survey <<<  found that 16 percent of girls\u2019 parents mentioned \u2018no school nearby\u2019 as the reason for not sending their girls to school.  This percentage was half for the boys\u2019 parents.  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has a very large number of out-school children, and many of those are girls.  The partic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rney from sub-Saharan Africa to Europe through the Central Mediterranean Route: transiting through Niger, crossing the desert, detention in Libya, voluntary repatriation, resettlement in France. The research is based on  >>> first-hand data <<<  collected by journalists from refugees and migrants at different stages of their journey. It illustrates the complexity of the current situation, discusses policy decisions and the vulnerable positions of refugees and migrants. \n\nMonthly Summary Update West Africa 10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "first-hand data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "468 918|254 381|\n|470 722|254 272|\n|464 976|257 691|\n\n\n\nThe main means of transportation in the project area include commuter taxis, trucks, special hire vehicles, and boda-boda (motorcycles, and bicycles). \n\nAs per the  >>> household survey <<< , the main information dissemination media are through radio (96.8%), place of worship (87.1%), neighboring households (71%), village meetings (67.7%), telephones (58.1%), village public speakers (51.6 %) and reading newspapers (48.4%). The most unpopular means of information dis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "entation of the underlying programs and projects have no negative consequences on the human rights, livelihood systems, culture, territory, natural or cultural resources of any of the people groups in Oromia region. The  >>> woreda-level KII findings <<<  have demonstrated that to date there has been no documentation of identified instances of forced assimilation or cultural erasure of historically underserved and vulnerable groups. This is an important validation as it underscores the necessity of safeguarding their distinct ide", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "woreda-level KII findings", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s these four characteristics as a basis for describing, comparing, and analyzing financial systems around the world and their evolution over the last few decades.\n\nThe analyses presented in this paper, together with the  >>> underlying datasets <<< , highlight the multidimensional nature of financial systems. Deep financial systems do not necessarily provide high degrees of financial access; highly efficient financial systems are not necessarily more stable than the less efficient ones, and so on. Each of these characterist", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "underlying datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctionist remedies but their concerns could lend legitimacy to such policies. Not least because the political support for free trade agreements has declined considerably among the public. More strikingly, a November 2010  >>> Pew poll <<<  showed that only 28 percent of traditionally 34", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Pew poll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".204|0.209|0.260|0.731|\n|Panel B Adj.R<sup>2</sup>|0.221|0.234|0.305|0.782|0.120|0.129|0.209|0.726|\n|Nr. of countries|19|19|19|19|19|19|19|19|\n|Nr. of hh|372027|372027|372027|372027|372027|372027|372027|372027|\n\nSource:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.1. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. WorldPop 250m is used for the DOU and DB method. The dependent variable is a share of household workers employed in a respective sector. The baseline category is \u201cUrban center\u201d in all speci", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " United Republic of Tanzania in the south. The district lies in a modified equatorial climatic zone with high temperatures and heavy rainfall almost all year round. Based on  >>> population projections <<< , there are 433,561 people in Rakai district. Agriculture is the main economic activities with a bias towards food crops such as beans, sorghum, millet, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, Irish potatoes, ground-nuts, bananas; cash crops such as coffee; fruits and vegetables such as ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "x) Contributions to Change in Poverty and Gini <!-- Start of picture text --> 0.60<br>0.40<br>0.20<br>0.00<br>-0.20<br>-0.40<br>-0.60<br>-0.80<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : World Bank staff estimation using  >>> BLSS 2017 <<< .\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> GIS<br>Rural Insurance<br>GISL<br>Provident fund<br>NPPF<br>Personal Income Tax<br>-0.5 0 0.5 1<br>Change in Poverty Headcount Change in Gini<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Source : World Bank staff estimation usin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "BLSS 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nces Receiving Households<br>0%<br>3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95<br>Consumption Percentiles<br>NLSS 1995/96<br>NLSS 2003/04<br>NLSS 2010/11<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> Nepal Living Standard Surveys <<<  1995, 2003 and 2010\n\n# **_Labor Income_**\n\nIn addition to households directly benefitting from remittances sent by migrant members, nonmigrant households also benefitted from the spillover effects of migration. The decomposition exercises suggest that growth in labor incomes exp", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Nepal Living Standard Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "m government transfers and spending, and their differential wellbeing impacts on children. The study integrates data from the 2018/19 Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, which also collected data on taxes and transfers, with  >>> administrative data <<< . Measuring its distribution by child monetary and multidimensional wellbeing, the study finds, on average, a progressive, poverty-reducing and equalizing fiscal system. However, there are important differences in the distribution of some of its elements. Indirect taxes, comprisi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "H|Difference|Before<br>BH|During<br>BH|Difference|N<br>(Total)|\n|Past year physical or sexual IPV|11|10|1|17|12|-5***||\n|N|1126|1444||9585|11715||23870|\n\nSource: Authors own calculation using data from the 2008 and 2013  >>> Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey <<<  Note: BH Area defined as NDHS clusters exposed to any BH Event within 10km between 2009 and 2013. *** Difference in means between before BH and during BH is significant at the 1% level.\n\nAfter controlling for a woman\u2019s, partner and household characteristics, attitudes towards an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on in order to explain demand for education and report OLS estimates between 0.3% to 16.3%, depending on the sub\u2010group, and not controlling for endogeneity. Using nationally representative cross\u2010section data from of the  >>> Integrated Labour Force Surveys <<<  (IFLS) for 2001 and 2006, Kerr (2011) estimate returns between 8% and 13% when using OLS. When allowing for nonlinearities the results suggest that returns are strongly convex, but when also addressing endogeneity exploiting a change in the education system in the mid 1960s, ret", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Integrated Labour Force Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cts the trade-off between children\u2019s economic contribution to households and school attendance. Women\u2019s time is also important because it affects the daily activities of all members of the family. \n\n15. According to the  >>> NSDS <<< , the average amount of water fetched per household per day is 67 L, or 3.3 jerrycans. Interviews revealed that two people per household were responsible for water collection. Information from the NSDS indicated that the time spent walking and waiting in line varied from 29 \n\n> 4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSDS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tudies showing that regional variation in IPV today reflects cultural factors rooted in historical customs (Alesina et al. 2016; Tur Prats 2015).\n\nThis paper used comparable and representative repeated cross-sections of  >>> survey data <<<  from up to 31 countries containing women\u2019s reports of violence committed against them in the preceding year. It identified a systematic contemporaneous association of unemployment shocks with interpersonal violence. The study finds that changes in male and female unemployment ra", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Sub-Saharan African countries, using nationally representative  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  (DHS) for 31,243 couples. We find a strong and significant relationship between joint decision making and all three types of IPV. Compared to joint decision making, sole decision making by the husband is associated with a 3.3 percentage point (20.6 percent) increase in 3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "remain the root causes of gender-based violence. Although recognizing that women, men girls, and boys face GBV, women and girls nevertheless continue to be the most affected. The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey ( >>> EDHS <<< ) showed that 1 out of 4 or 26 percent of women aged 15 \u2013 49 experienced physical and/or sexual violence by an intimate partner or non-partner in their lifetime. Twenty-three percent of women have experienced physical violence since age 15. Four percent of women experienced physi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EDHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "jective beliefs of public officials as to the characteristics of the citizens that they serve at all three tiers of government and across five major sectors. By comparing these beliefs with benchmark objective data from  >>> surveys and administrative data <<< , we identify which officials have the most accurate perceptions of the characteristics of their constituents. The paper presents results from the experimental provision of an evidence briefing that aims to improve the accuracy of public officials beliefs. We find that such evide", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys and administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "thiopia Socioeconomics Survey (ESS) 2018/19, an LSMS-ISA survey which also collected data on certain taxes including business taxes, land use fees, and agricultural income taxes. We also integrate these survey data with  >>> administrative data <<<  obtained from various ministries and their subsidiary agencies.\n\nThe study finds that the fiscal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al and social sciences to assess how natural disasters affect wellbeing, measured using a _social welfare function_ ( _welfare_ is the metric used by economists to measure wellbeing). We first present the model, and the  >>> global data <<<  used to calibrate it. We then use the model to define and assess the socioeconomic resilience of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### mEThOdOlOGy \n\n**CompuTaTion meThoD:** 1.1.1.a is calculated, using the  >>> data reported by DAC members <<<  in 2018 to the OECD\u2019s Survey on \u201cfinancing for refugee-hosting contexts\u201d. It covers refugee-hosting countries in the following countries for the period 2015-17: Bangladesh, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, K", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data reported by DAC members", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t of household size. The analysis first examines how the global profile of poverty changes and also how many people have their poverty status reclassified when using the square-root adjustment. This analysis is based on  >>> national representative household surveys <<<  from 162 countries covering more than 3/4th of the world\u2019s population, and 98 percent of the estimated population of people living in extreme poverty.\n\nTo focus on whether changing from per-capita to a square-root allocation of household resources changes the profile of who is p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national representative household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "14 ITN ownership. Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is another effective anti-malarial intervention, which could potentially be more prevalent in households that acquire ITNs. Unfortunately, only the  >>> 2008 DHS <<<  (and not the 2003 DHS) includes information on IRS, so it is not possible to include IRS in the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. However, even in 2008, the rate of IRS remains low: in the sample, just 9 percent of children overall and 11 percent of children in high malaria risk zon", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2008 DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gregate constructed from the JD-HV2 data derives from a combination of two questions on expenditure, one containing 6 items and a second question containing 10 items, while the expenditure aggregate constructed from the  >>> JD-HV3 data <<<  contains 11 items. For Lebanon, the LB-VASyR aggregate includes 9 items while the LB-Verif data aggregate contains 3 items. Differences in the number of items are small and they are not expected to make a great difference in results. It is known that welfare aggregates tend to b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV3 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "example, arise when handwritten records are not fully digitized, reported with error, or records are not passed on by all health care providers (Shapira et al. 2021). In the case of COVID-19, evidence from a  >>> survey of 42 USAID country offices <<<  has documented that such issues have been commonplace (Rosenbaum and Waugaman 2022).\n\nWe provide indicative evidence of such flaws and weaknesses, which had previously also been documented in the case of routine immunizations (Lim et al. 2008; Sandefur and Glassman 2015; Cutts e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of 42 USAID country offices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Kangasniemi and Winters (2004) provide a survey of the brain drain literature.\n\n> 5 An analysis of regional differences in the brain drain is provided by Docquier et al. (2005).\n\n> 6 Carrington and Detragiache used the  >>> 1990 US census data <<<  to estimate the brain drain for a number of developing countries in 1990. Docquier and Marfouk (Chapter 6 in this volume)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1990 US census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mentation of how people live, how much they spend, and on what, has long been used as a political tool, to make visible the living conditions of the poor to those in power, to shock, and to agitate for reform... Today\u2019s  >>> household surveys <<<  typically collect information on household incomes and/or (often detailed) expenditures, as well as demographic, geographical, and other characteristics of household members. Their official purpose is often to collect weights for consumer price indexes, but they are also used to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ons also generically reported using those data to inform programming. Confirmation of this came from the 2019 age, gender and diversity data review, with 80 percent of the eight operations surveyed reporting having used  >>> age, gender and diversity-disaggregated data <<<  across the entire operations management cycle.<sup>14</sup> \n\nAlthough evidence of this is rather limited when compared to experiences of data collection, the information available suggests that where age, gender and diversity data are analysed and used for planning, implementat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "age, gender and diversity-disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "isting budget lines of the implementing entities, which will increase due to such disbursements by the Project. The overall EEPs of is estimated at US$ 216 million for five years. EEPs are separately identifiable in the  >>> FMIS <<<  under the respective codes (Table 5). \n\n**Table 5: Relevant eligible expenditure programs** \n\n|**Account**<br>**Code**|**Expenditure item**|**FY 2019-20**|**FY 2020-21**|**FY 2021-22**|**FY 2022-23**|**FY 2023-24**|**Total**|\n|---|---|---|---|--", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " c|ommittee structure|\n|---|---|---|\n||Baseline<br>Actual(Previous)<br>Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|0.00<br>61.00<br>61.00|90.00|\n|Date|30-Jun-2017<br>31-May-2021<br>20-Dec-2021|31-Dec-2021|\n|Comments**:**|Source:  >>> 2018 IFPRI HFA Baseline Report <<< .  pg 38/39<br>Source: 2018 IFPRI HFA Baseline Report.  pg 38/39<br>Targeting using one committee structure is more prevalent in Lowlands compa<br>the HFA Baseline report. In Highlands, 40% of kebeles (4 out of 10) used one<br>and HFA, while in Lowlands 87.5% (7 out of 8) of kebe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2018 IFPRI HFA Baseline Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for their person-plot level labor. Simulations using weekly data show that such a scenario may indeed be the case. Thus, we arrive at a total of 187 hours worked over the season in the weekly visits and 212 hours in the  >>> weekly phone data <<< . These calculations are close to those reported at the person-plot level for recall NPS and recall ALT (121 hours and 146 hours, respectively) rather than those these groups report at the person level. Similarly, if, as weekly visit\n\n> 20 In our context, the most recent period c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "weekly phone data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion efforts. This was recognized in 1995, when an internal paper remarked that \u201cUNHCR has been locked into a quasi-stakhanovist approach to repatriation in which deadlines and daily quotas appear to be the objectives\u201d ( >>> UNHCR Archives <<< ). \n\n123. Nowhere was this strategy more apparent than in the Rohingya case. Reports from the early 1990s were littered with references to targets, quotas and deadlines. In July 1996, a report by two senior staff members recommended that \u201cthe entire [Cox\u2019s Bazaar] office should b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR Archives", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|1.13|2.71|\n|middle upper income|L760|O<.72)|\u00ab667.506|678.76|4.00|13.95|\n|middle lower income|235|(0.76|93.99|246.423|1.12|23.33|\n|lowincome|3.96|(0.82|163.295|178.02|2.58|5.45|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based upon  >>> data sources <<<  reported in Annex Table Al. Note The classification of the countries is according to the World Bank.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data sources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "7|\n|Trade|60,340.16|3.7|-594.72|\n|Transport|128,421.10*|1.1|576.89|\n|Business|144,599.13*|-2.5|-1,738.55|\n|Other|57,656.80|3.7|-697.14|\n|_Aggregate_|_75,960.34_|_0.0_|_-2,263.38_|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> data from DOSM <<<  Note: Asterisks represent values that are larger than the aggregate output per worker for the period.\n\nSimilar to the findings of the aggregate decomposition, the sectoral decomposition\u2019s findings for Malaysia are also broadly consistent with the patterns of structural transform", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from DOSM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation forc\u00e9e des enfants et des familles \n\nAu Tchad, la s\u00e9paration forc\u00e9e des familles, un probl\u00e8me \u00e0 la fois socio-culturel et humanitaire, est exacerb\u00e9e par les crises prolong\u00e9es auxquelles le pays fait face. Selon le  >>> monitoring de protection P21 <<<  de juin 2024, la **s\u00e9paration des familles** est soulign\u00e9e comme un incident de protection par 45% des informateurs cl\u00e9s. Par ailleurs, 93 cas d\u2019enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s et non accompagn\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s. Ces enfants courent un risque accru de subir", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring de protection P21", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " electricity|0.47|0.53|0.76|0.80|0.98|0.36|0.91|0.81|0.44|0.58|\n\nSource: International Urban Poverty Database. Note: Real per capita consumption expenditures are deflated using a spatial deflator calculated based on the  >>> WorldPop 250m dataset <<<  and the DOU method.\n\n88", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WorldPop 250m dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", based on household data from a large intercensus.\n\nWe compare these 2015 benchmark estimates with five sets of municipal poverty estimates. The first is direct sample estimates taken from the  >>> 2014 survey <<< . We generate the second, third, and fourth sets of estimates by combining the 2014 sample with geospatial indicators and estimating a household-level \u201cunit-context\u201d model of welfare, a sub-area model of poverty rates, and an arealevel model of poverty rates. The fifth and final ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s of firms often find firms _saying_ that they find it hard to find the right workers. But one also sees firms being reluctant to raise wages or spend more money in getting better matches. Groh et al. (2015) conducted a  >>> survey in Jordan <<<  where they tracked firms as they opened up job vacancies, and found that only 6 percent of positions required more than 4 weeks to find a new employee, and most firms could, in fact, fill jobs quite quickly. De Mel et al. (2016) similarly find firms in Sri Lanka say it would tak", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey in Jordan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Changes in prices: Inflation**\n\nAll household and individual incomes from labor and non\u2010labor sources are expressed in real terms of the baseline year (constant in 2012 prices). Macroeconomic changes replicated on the  >>> micro data <<<  are also in real terms. This implies that in order to obtain projected poverty measures for 2014, the simulated household consumption will need to be compared against the poverty line of 2012.\n\nIn principle, there would be no need to adjust for prices given that all micro and ma", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " walking distance to the nearest water source should be 1.5 km (UBOS, 2013). \n\nAs per  >>> survey <<< , it was revealed that 91 percent of the respondents live in a distance of less than a kilometer from the nearest water source while 9% of the people interviewed walked a distance of 1-3km to the water source as shown in figure below.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "infrastructure disruptions, this analysis combines  >>> firm-level microdata <<<  and natural hazard exposure data. Enterprise Survey observations are used for 13 major African cities. Flood hazard data is drawn from the highest-quality flood map available in each city. Using the nonrandomized ES locations, each firm\u2019s exposure is extracted using the local fl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he total GE impact on the exports of the countries in our sample.<sup>21</sup> The first experiment simulates harmonization of MFN tariffs by the CEFTA countries to the EU tariff rates. To perform these analyses, we use  >>> data on actual tariffs <<< , as described in the Data Section 3.2, in order to change the vector of trade costs for the CEFTA members. As the tariff data were available at the HS17 8-digit classification, we aggregated them up using trade shares as weights to match the level of aggregation for the GE analy", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on actual tariffs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "asonwide total is built on the basis of some subset of the season.\n\nTo examine which subset of the season may be used as the reference period for their seasonwide inferences, we use the weekly data. Here, we compare the  >>> recall data <<<  with the seasonlong extrapolations based on the person-level average, peak, recent, and harvest work periods in the weekly visit and weekly phone data. These estimates are presented in table 6. Unlike de Nicola and Gin\u00e9 (2014), it appears that farmers in our data do not base sea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "recall data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "through agreements with universities and pedagogical institutes ( _Institutos Superiores Pedag\u00f3gicos_ , ISPED) that satisfy predetermined quality and service delivery requirements.<sup>4</sup>  >>> Data from the MINEDUC <<<  suggest that during 2010\u201318, the SIPROFE program delivered in-service teacher training to about 113,000 teachers (representing about 75 percent of the total teacher population). According to the MINEDUC, between 2015 and 2018, the program benefited\n\n> 4 ISPEDs do not operate any", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from the MINEDUC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "D PRIORITIES** \n\nUnequivocally, PAPs encounter economic and physical displacement and loss of livelihoods due to the expansion of Modjo Dry Port for which income and livelihood restoration was proposed. Accordingly, the  >>> census survey <<<  captured the livelihood preferences of the PAPs. Table 22below presents the suggestions of the PAPs as their top priority areas of their livelihood engagements. The top preferred agriculture related livelihood activity by PAPs was dairy farming (80.4%); two PAPs preferred animal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(general population), June 5|20.1|\n|_N (All Phone Survey Household Members)_|10,786|\n|t-Test,All HH members(survey)vs. Admin(generalpopulation)<br>Note: Weighted estimates of vaccine uptake in face-to-face data from the  >>> Ethiopia Socio <<< |0.0001 ***<br>economic Survey, Wave 5|\n\nNote: Weighted estimates of vaccine uptake in face-to-face data from the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, Wave 5 (ESS 5) (Apr-June 2022). Administrative vaccine coverage rate for adults conservatively assumes that no children below the age o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia Socio", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e text -->\n35%<br>30%<br>25%<br>20%<br>15%<br>10%<br>5%<br>0%<br>Dropout Never Dropout Never Dropout Never Dropout Never Dropout Never<br>4-5 6-13 14-17 18-22 23+<br>Male Female<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n_Source:  >>> Census <<<  (2019)_ \n\n**Figure 8. Reasons for dropping out of secondary by gender, 2018** \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n45%<br>40%<br>40% 37%<br>34%<br>35%<br>30%<br>25%<br>20%<br>20% 17%<br>13%<br>15% 11% 10%<br>8%<br>10% 7%<br>5% 2%<br>0%<br>0%<br>Financial Pregnancy Early Low academ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s that arose between 2012 and 2019, still shows a higher accuracy compared to the settlement mask derived from the coarse 30 m Landsat imagery. Moreover, the imperviousness estimation at 10 m based on NDVI ~~m~~ ax from  >>> 2019 S2 data <<<  led to a more precise masking of urban green spaces compared to the results obtained from Landsat.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 S2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ",000 in Iraq and 83,000 in Egypt. As of today, Lebanon hosts 963,000 refugees compared to 585,000, 643,000, 227,000, and 135,000 in Jordan, Turkey, Iraq, Egypt respectively ( >>> UNHCR data <<< ). \n\n1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e Bank<br>asked the Ministry to undertake the study to confirm<br>the need to build another PTTC.|The study was to assess the need for Taita Taveta and<br>was long-delayed. The earlier draft of the study was<br>based on  >>> 1979 census data <<<  so undermining the<br>timeliness of its recommendation. The final version<br>was revised using 1989 data but was not transmitted to<br>the Bank until February 1994. At that time, the<br>construction of Taita Taveta has already started.|\n\n\n\nTable", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1979 census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "This paper contributes to the literature on geospatial data and displacement by combining remotely sensed data and  >>> IOM administrative data <<<  in Afghanistan, where timely, on-the-ground data can be hard to gather. Our study provides a deep dive into Badghis province, hard hit by the 2018 drought, by focusing on dynamics at the settlement level, the smallest administrative unit possible. Geospatial data offers a unique", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IOM administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "otics. The estimates are (unweighted) mean outcomes across countries, with the country means calculated using country-specific sampling weights. The error bars represent the 95-percent confidence interval. Data are from  >>> clinical vignettes and visual inspections <<<  of storage facilities and consulting rooms from Kenya (2018), Madagascar (2016), Mozambique (2014), Nigeria (2013), Niger (2017), Sierra Leone (2018) Tanzania (2016), Togo (2014), and Uganda (2013).\n\n66", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "clinical vignettes and visual inspections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "asphalt roads, 2384 km all weather, and 2808 km dry weather roads in the region. \n\n### **_Water Supply & Sanitation_** \n\nThe rural population mainly uses water from unprotected sources; rivers, springs, ponds and wells.  >>> Survey made in 2003 <<<  reveals that about 71% of the rural population use water from unprotected sources. \n\n\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey made in 2003", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iencing high urban population growth rate of 4.3% while rural growth rate stands at 2.1% giving population size of 45.5 million people. The country occupies an area of 591,958 km<sup>2</sup> with a total of 47 counties ( >>> UN data <<< , 2015). \n\nDue to poor health care waste segregation practices, it is common to find that up to 50% of waste in some facilities is infectious. Infectious waste can also include non-sharps (e.g., materials that have been in contact with blood, its derivatives, or other body fluids", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UN data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he context of construction permitting, another area measured by _Doing Business_ , Poel et al. (2014) find that higher administrative burdens adversely affect economic growth. Using a fixed effect regression analysis of  >>> data from 182 economies <<< , the authors show a clear correlation between the number of days and procedures required to obtain a construction permit and economic growth. Plus, a similar relationship exists between economic growth and days and procedures to start a business as well as to pay taxes. Likewise", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from 182 economies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntextual factors described above. This approach is similar, in principle, to the many applications of the RUCC in the United States in the area of health care (Cyr, Etchin, Guthrie, & Benneyan, 2019). The novelty of the  >>> URCA data set <<<  for RUCC-like applications is that data are available for any country in the world, and at a level of granularity that can be matched to any administrative level, as we illustrated with the example on poverty levels in Nigeria in Section 3.3. This would then make it possible to ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "URCA data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "se was a significant positive association between the economic motivation for childbearing (including old age support) and ideal family size. No significant relationship was found in Japan or Thailand. A study using the  >>> Egyptian data <<<  mentioned above found a significant effect of expectation to live with children in old age and desired family size among women in urban and rural areas. There was no significant effect for men. Nor was the extent of financial support expected from children significant for men or", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Egyptian data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "as used for this evaluation. Based on this ICR evaluation, most of the objectives/outcomes demonstrate achievement to warrant a Substantial rating. The ICR evaluation has been based on analyses of outcome indicators and  >>> data linked to the PDO <<< , as well as an evaluation of how Project activities were linked to achievement of the PDO both under the original Project and the AF. The implementation of the Project was monitored through three PDO-level indicators and eight IOIs. Two out of the three original PDO indicators w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data linked to the PDO", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cription of the Data**\n\nThis section describes the data used in our paper and presents facts about the effective corporate tax rate distribution in Chile.\n\n## **2.1 The Annual Census of the Chilean Manufacturing Sector:  >>> ENIA <<< **\n\nThe data used are taken from the ENIA (Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual), an annual census of the Chilean manufacturing sector. This data set is an unbalanced panel that covers all manufacturing plants with more than 10 employees and plants with fewer than 10 employees that", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENIA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u2212per\u2212worker *<br>Share of labor with computer<br>Share of labor with internet *<br>0 .02 .04 .06 .08<br>Low Chinese competition High Chinese competition<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 calculations with  >>> data from ENTIC 2009 and 2013 <<< , INEGI. Differences in means significant at the: * 10% level, ** 5% level, *** 1% level Note: High Chinese competition is defined as a value above the median in the change of the share of China in total Mexican imports between 2000 and 2008.\n\n_Fact 2. Firms that become more inte", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from ENTIC 2009 and 2013", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eeds (42%), lack of foreseeable alternative durable solutions (22%), and survivors of violence and/or torture (16%). \n\nDuring the year, a total of 98,400 refugees were admitted by 21 resettlement countries, according to  >>> government statistics <<< . These included the United States of America (66,200),<sup>**(25)**</sup> Australia (13,200), Canada (12,200), Sweden (1,900), and the United Kingdom (970). This was 9,400 more individuals than in 2012 (89,000). The United States of America, \n\n**20** UNHCR Global Trends 2013", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "government statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and 2001 and totaling over 1.2 millions individual observations. To illustrate the indices proposed in this paper, we picked the longest panels available including the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, 1991-2000), the  >>> British Household Panel Survey <<<  (BHPS, 1991-2000), the Polish Household Budget Survey (PHBS, 1994-2000) and the Hungarian Household Budget Survey (HHBS, 19921997).<sup>4</sup> Data for Germany were further split into East and West Germany. This is because Germany reunited in 1989 and we expected Eastern and We", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "British Household Panel Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||Gabon|\n|UK<sup>*</sup>|Ghana|\n|US<sup>*</sup>|India|\n||Jordan|\n||Kenya|\n||Liberia|\n||Malawi|\n||Mali|\n||Pakistan|\n||Peru|\n||Philippines|\n||Rwanda|\n||Tajikistan|\n||Tanzania|\n||Timor Leste|\n||Uganda|\n||Zambia|\n\n_Source:_  >>> OECD 2019 Social and Institutions Gender Index <<< , https://www.genderindex.org/ _Notes:_\n\n1. Equality in access to divorce is defined in the SIGI as \"Women have both the same rights to initiate divorce and the same requirements to finalise divorce or annulment as men, without negative repercussions on their parental authority. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD 2019 Social and Institutions Gender Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " below or above that identifying outlier observations. Values are measured as the mean of rainfall levels and mean temperature in the respective months.\n\nSource: Author\u2019s calculation based on VHLSS 2010, 2012 & 2014 and  >>> CRU data <<< .\n\n14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CRU data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tal**|537,803|550,216|555,291|571,498|528,891|516,777|492,742|517,288|4,270,506|\n|_Share of Ukr_<br>_post Feb 2022_<br>_over total_<br>_students_|_0.27%_|_0.23%_|_0.23%_|_0.28%_|_0.17%_|_0.16%_|_0.10%_|_0.06%_|_0.19%_|\n\n >>> Administrative data on enrollment <<<  for the academic years 2021-2022 and 2023-2024 are also used to examine the evolution of Ukrainian refugees\u2019 enrollment in Italian schools since February 2022.<sup>10</sup> Figure 1 shows that in 2021-2022, the number of Ukrainian refugees was very low in all grades, with a tota", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Administrative data on enrollment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " per  >>> DHS 2016 <<<  the use of any method of family planning by married women has increased more than fourfold from 8% in 2000 to 36% in 2016, whereas modern method use has increased fivefold from 6% to 35% during the same period. ANC4 coverage stood at 76.6% (HMIS) and 32% (as per 2016 DHS up from", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS 2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and decision-making.  >>> M&E data <<<  were routinely reviewed during JRIS missions. JRIS missions focused on overall service trends in sectors as well as institutional capacity building progress in the accountability and transparency and data collection components. Monitoring data also were used to inform creation o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "M&E data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the region has remained the same since the last  >>> PC Trends report <<<  at over 80,000, with some people leaving \n\nIDP locations and others entering. As of January 2017 in all collective sites in Wau town there are estimated to be 41,785 individuals.  Nearly 75% of the IDP population are in the POC area adjacent to UNMISS (population 29,021 individu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PC Trends report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Section 3, these third party effects can be modeled as ln(MIGki*MIGkj) where _i\u2260j_ and _k\u2260i and k\u2260j._ This is another important contribution of this paper, since despite only 68 countries being chosen for analysis; the  >>> comprehensive migration dataset <<<  permits thirdparty effects pertaining to potentially all (178) countries of the world to be included in estimation (see Equation 11).\n\n# 11.\n\nWhere additionally, \u03c21 is a vector containing the coefficients for the interactions of the third-party effects. Table 8 again presents th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "comprehensive migration dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT PROJECT-II \u2013 RESETTLEMENT POLICY FRAMEWORK \n\n**_Participatory community consultation_** : The  >>> field data <<<  indicate that the concerned local communities have shown interest and commitment not only to participate in, but also to actively support and contribute to the success of the SLMP intervention.  It was also ascertained that the consultations were carried out on the basis of prio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "field data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|Totalb|89.6|88.0|73.4|82.5|\n\na. Indices, 1973=100.\n\nb. Using 1982 GDP weights.\n\nSources: EEC, European Economy, Supplement B; OECD, Monthly Economic Indicators; Statistics Bureau, Management and Co-ordination Agency,  >>> Monthly Statistics of Japan <<< ; UNCTAD, Trade and Development Report, 1987.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Monthly Statistics of Japan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " which until now tended to have lower ICT adoption rates and underdeveloped ICT infrastructure.\n\nThis paper has analyzed empirically firm level ICT adoption in six African countries using freshly collected data from the  >>> Enterprise Surveys innovation modules <<< . The data suggest that most African firms are still lagging behind ICT adoption rates as compared with firms in developed countries. However, when looking at specific countries in the sample, the data show a very heterogeneous picture; some countries, such as Kenya, show high IC", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys innovation modules", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ally significant. This may be due to the less sophisticated interpolation methods used in our station based measure of local rainfall variability as compared with the data from CRU. Thus we focus on the results from the  >>> CRU data <<<  in the rest of the paper.\n\nOne possible reason for the insignificant relationships between occupational focus and local rainfall variability may be because \u201cnormal\u201d flood may reduce the dependency on local rainfall in crop cultivation. Thus, households living in flood prone Upaz", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CRU data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d relies on climatic inputs only, not taking into account the specific crop or soil conditions. See Allen et al. 1998. We use the monthly values and compute an annual value from this.\n\n> 32There are 421 districts in the  >>> ICRISAT file <<< , compared to a total of 640 in India 2011 NSS. So about 35% are missing. However, our final dataset has about 575 districts (because we don\u2019t use all the states), so according to this 27% districts are missing in ICRISAT.To deal with the missing, we assigned the value of the nea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ICRISAT file", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".5<br>1<br>0.5<br>0<br>Source : World Bank 2010d<br>Note: SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa.<br> >>> Logistics Performance Index <<< <br>Senegal Benin Guinea Togo Nigeria Niger Cote d'Ivoire Gambia, The Ghana Liberia Mali Burkina Faso Guinea-Bissau Sierra Leone SSA<br><!-- End of picture text --> operators on the ground (global freight forwarders and express carriers), providing feedback on the logistics \u2015frie", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Logistics Performance Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 30 percent o f men, have never attended school.) In terms o f health, matemal mortality i s 740 per 100,000 births (according to estimates o f the  >>> Safe Motherhood project <<<  financed by UNFPA), one of the highest rates in the world. This i s due to high fertility rates, anemia caused by malnutrition, and the widespread practice o f female genital cutting (FGC). About 99 percent o f women have been subjected to FGC (mostly infibulation, i.e., the mos", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Safe Motherhood project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in which countries and under what conditions, remains an open question, and a gap in our understanding of foreign investment dynamics.\n\nThis paper aims to bridge this gap by bringing new evidence to the question. Using  >>> granular data on FDI projects <<<  across the globe spanning two decades, we show that the share of the largest enterprises in total cross-border investment has steadily increased in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. This pattern is robust across various measures of concentration, modes of investment,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "granular data on FDI projects", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to comparing outcomes for widows and other women is that there may be selection bias whereby widows start off with worse outcomes prior to becoming widows. For example low BMI could predate marriage and widowhood. Using  >>> longitudinal data on health and retirement <<<  in the US, it has been shown that, allowing for the fact that poorer men are more likely than other men to die young (given the strong association between income and mortality), young widows are more likely to come from poorer households (Hurd and Wise 1989, Sevak et al. 2003). ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "longitudinal data on health and retirement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a way to quantify from  >>> accounting and market data <<< .\n\nPrice theory was so far removed from the real world that many came to accept that prices did not matter, a conviction that was buffered by surveys by Oxford Keynesians that purported to show that interest rates does not influence the investment decisions of businessmen, and re", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting and market data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Consultants adopted the plot boundaries as<br>found in the ground and listed the owners of the<br>sub-divided plots as the PAPs.|\n|A total of 108 individual land owners out<br>of a total of 239 are deceased. From the<br> >>> socio economic survey <<<  57.6% of the<br>affected land parcels require the process<br>of succession|The succession cases will be supported under full<br>replacement cost and have been factored under<br>administration cost.|\n|Non-homogeneity of real estate, the<br>imperfections<br>in<br>market<br>structu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "derived from an extension of the concept of the generalized Gini for the measurement of distributional change. Population- and income-weighted relative deprivation indices are then defined and, using panel data from the  >>> Consortium of Household Panels for European Socio-Economic Research <<< , this paper checks which of the various ways of defining individual deprivation best fits the answers given by individuals on the degree of their satisfaction with income. The analysis finds that the deprivation indices proposed are consistently and negatively correlated with in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Consortium of Household Panels for European Socio-Economic Research", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "use of both macro and micro-level sources of data allows us to uncover potential heterogeneities across countries, geographies, and households. We assemble the World Bank\u2019s country-level pre-pandemic growth projections,  >>> national account data <<<  on overall per capita GDP growth and sectoral growth for 2020. Whenever possible, we merge these data with the HFPS collected by the World Bank in collaboration with National Statistical Offices (NSOs). Second, we assess and synthesize empirical evidence on the role of social pr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national account data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "GDP dropping by -0.012*0.7=0.7 p.p.). The second indicator, _Infrastructures,y_ , is the ratio of public spending on infrastructure to the state\u2019s GDP. This\n\n> 34 To validate our difference-in-difference strategy in the  >>> firm-year-level data <<< , we again conduct several checks. First, we compare firm outcomes in the pre-reform period for firms located in municipalities with local public debt exposure above and below the median (Table A3C). The data confirms that both groups of firms are statistically indistinguishable ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-year-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "solate changes in the supply of credit from changes in the demand for credit, as aggregate shocks might impact firms\u2019 credit needs. To control for time-varying credit demand, we rely on loan-level data obtained from the  >>> Mexican credit registry <<<  on the universe of commercial bank loans from January 2013 to June 2016. Loanlevel data allow us to saturate our specifications with bank*firm and firm*month fixed effects, exploiting variation in the credit conditions of a firm-bank pair over time, as well as by the same firm a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mexican credit registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in<br>% of imports|260|198|221|230|180|225|232|214|222|213|252|214|<br>238|\n|Total exports in %<br>of imports|91|93|93|99|94|83|112|101|95|89|108|105|<br>107|\n\nSource: Based on IMF Balance of Payments Statistics through  >>> World Bank WDI database <<< .\n\nFifth, notwithstanding the continuing importance of exports of services as a source of foreign currency earnings, the loss of momentum in their growth in 1998-2004 is rather bewildering. While the value of their exports increased more than eight times between 1985 and 1998 and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank WDI database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n social capital and life satisfaction.\n\nThese results are obtained by carefully examining the available literature and the available proxies for bridging and bonding social capital in the latest version of the combined  >>> World and European Values Surveys <<<  (WVS-EVS) and by applying a multistep factor analysis for the identification of the bonding and bridging latent variables. This approach has induced us, in particular, to pay more attention than in the past to self-reported values and beliefs such as the importance attached to f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World and European Values Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "relationships with men, with friends, social activities, alone).<sup>22</sup> The survey took place during the school year so respondents could feasibly have been attending school on survey dates. The credibility of the  >>> time use data <<<  is underpinned by the fact that: (i) the number of beans recorded across categories summed up to 25 for 90% (99%) of respondents at baseline (endline); (ii) 87% of respondents report sleeping 5 to 10 hours per night; (iii) the average number of hours spent per week at ELA clubs ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "time use data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntributions of employees as saving. The study does not evaluate whether specific taxes and spending are desirable.\n\n> 3 The average annual growth rate of education and health spending is estimated based on nine years of  >>> spending data <<< . 4 Because these expenditures would also serve future generations, we took into account only 10 percent of capital spending in tertiary education as the benefit current students are receiving.\n\n> 5 We estimate public health service beneficiaries by region and nationally using ES", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "spending data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an  (K)  WAT.  SEC  & CL.  RESI  PRJ-5268 KE<br>Credit  Agreement  5526-KE<br>Currency  USD<br>Part A  - Account Activity<br>Beginning  balance of  1st  July, 2014<br>---  ........----  .------ ....---- .--.<br>as  per   >>> C.  B. K.  Ledger  Account <<< <br>Add:<br>Total  Amount  deposited  by  World  Bank  2,099,970.00<br>------  -------.-..-.-.-..<br>Total  Interest earnings  if deposited  in  account<br>Total  amount refunded  to  cover ineligible<br>expenditure<br>Deduct:<br>....-.----- 5--.-----------.-..--.-.----  .41,653.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "C.  B. K.  Ledger  Account", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "past variability of income. Summary statistics from the  >>> baseline survey <<<  are presented in Table 1, and variable definitions are provided in Online Appendix C.<sup>11</sup> After the completion of the survey, credit history training, and fingerprinting of the treatment group, the names and locations of the members that applied for loans along with the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "45 degree line with the highest single cluster of countries representing developed countries with high levels of civil liberties and political rights (Figure 1). The indices has been reversed as compared to the original  >>> Freedom House indices <<< , so that the higher the level of index", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Freedom House indices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he Std\u2192Flex group accepted the switch to the flexible loan.\n\nWe test for balance in the second stage randomization by looking at the sample of new clients that initially received a standard offer. Using a combination of  >>> data from the recruitment process <<< , data collected", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the recruitment process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a negligible welfare loss associated with traffic congestion, estimated to be less than 1 percent of the daily wage in Colombia. This result is consistent with mobility patterns in urban India, where the examination of  >>> traffic data <<<  collected via Google Maps (Akbar et al., 2018) or smartphone applications (Kreindler, 2018) also points to small welfare effects of congestion.\n\nIn a recent research, Yang et al. (2020) combine nearly 400 million real-time observations of speed and traffic volume data with a pla", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "traffic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Indicators. Other variables controlling for household demographics and assets are constructed from the data sets.\n\nThe  >>> commune surveys <<<  collect information about the occurrence of emergencies in the last 3 years listed by type and month in addition to information on population, economic conditions, agriculture and land. These data allow identifying communes exposed to weather events, such as storms, floods and d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "commune surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "players. We assume that World Bank adjustment loans could serve a similar purpose, and the parallel to potentially \u2018strong\u2019 and \u2018weak\u2019 reformers discussed above should be clear.\n\nTo operationalize these concepts, we use  >>> data on the number of checks and balances <<<  stipulated in country constitutions as reported in Beck _et al._ (2001). We include the number of checks and the squared number of checks in the selection equations that follow to test whether Vreeland\u2019s hypotheses are valid for our dataset. We further hypothesize that a country", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on the number of checks and balances", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "._663|0_._673|0_._626|0_._553|0_._665|0_._674|0_._630|\n|Nr. of countries|16|16|16|16|16|16|16|16|\n|Nr. of hh|134548|134548|134548|75505|134548|134548|134548|75505|\n\nSource:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.1. Robust standard errors in parentheses. WorldPop 250m is used for the DOU method. The dependent variable is the log of per capita consumption expenditures, expressed in PPP and not spatially deflated. Only urban households (\u201cUrban ce", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed in a flood, rather than a trickle.  As Chart 1 indicates, the size and immediacy of the Bhutanese refugee influx would have been perceived to overwhelm the local area if camps had not been built. \n\n> 6 Interestingly,  >>> UNHCR statistics <<<  still record these refugees as living in camps/settlements, clearly demonstrating why such definitions require revamping. \n\n7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y\u2010wealth relationship, suggesting that even conditional on the specific facility chosen, wealthier women receive higher quality of care.\n\nTo understand within\u2010facility differences in the quality of care, we use detailed  >>> exit interview data <<<  to analyze the specific services provided and prices charged", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "exit interview data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ormation in China (Erten and Leight, 2021; Facchini et al., 2019). Increases in trade after 2001 are associated with more migration of skilled urban labor, not unskilled rural labor (Facchini et al., 2019). Based on the  >>> RCRE household data <<<  from 2009-2017 in which migration destination information was collected in a consistent manner, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Beijing 10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RCRE household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ase or decrease aggregate TFP.\n\nUsing detailed data on firms\u2019 tax declarations and energy expenditures from the Direccion General de Impuestos Internos (DGII) of the Dominican Republic and aggregate information from the  >>> National Energy Information System <<<  (SIEN) between 2009 and 2018, we calibrate the model at the sector level. Using this data, we first provide a back-of-the envelope calculation of the revenues generated by the introduction of a carbon tax rate using plausible scenarios.<sup>8</sup> We find that, based on the mos", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Energy Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the  >>> stratified survey data <<< , we employ weighted least squares (WLS) estimation using the sampling probabilities as weights. WLS estimation ensures that the proportional contribution to the parameter estimates of each stratum in the sample is the same as would have been obtained in a complete census enumera", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "stratified survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " more skilled workforce. Thus, in the first step, we use data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Programs \u2013 Operational Linescan System (DSMP-OLS) nighttime lights (NTL) imagery to identify urban areas as well as  >>> survey-based micro-data <<<  for the period 2000-2014 to estimate productivity differentials across urban areas, net of individual and employment characteristics observables. The estimation on this first stage is then:", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey-based micro-data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ns as compared to the LB-Verif sample, despite the fact that the latter sample is much larger and relies on a similar questionnaire. Evidently, the fact that the LB-VASyR is a random sample of refugees as opposed to the  >>> LB-Verif data set <<< , which is a self-selected sample, plays a role in improving the explanatory capacity of the model. \n\nThe percentage of dependents or percentage of children in a household has a negative effect on per capita expenditure for Syrian refugees in Lebanon. The destination of refugees ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-Verif data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " maps, land use/land cover and  >>> conservation area maps <<<  were also used. Satellite images have also been used to assess the land use, vegetation cover, infrastructure, settlements and other socio-economic setting of the project within the power distribution line rehabilitation route corridors. **Field Investigation:** Members of the E", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "conservation area maps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Figure 1:  >>> World Development Indicators <<< :  Share of Agricultural Employment Out of Total Employment vs Log GDP for Select Countries**<sup>**2**</sup>\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 100<br>90<br>80<br>Argentina<br>70<br>Bolivia<br>60<br>China<br>50<br>France<br>40<br>Japan<br>30<br>Netherlands<br>20<br>United States<br", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "resents the results and Section 4 concludes.\n\n# **2. Data and Method**\n\n# **2.1 Data**\n\nWe use data from multiple sources to analyze the relationship between flooding and extreme heat and relative wealth, proxied by the  >>> Relative Wealth Index <<<  (RWI). A similar dataset for firms is constructed using the most recent Indian Economic Census.\n\n**Relative wealth.** The Relative Wealth Index, developed by Meta\u2019s Data for Good team, uses a combination of machine learning algorithms, satellite data, ground survey data, and oth", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Relative Wealth Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-person surveying will display reported vaccine uptake close to administrative records.\n\nwhere _Vi_ is the vaccination status of individual _i_ , _\u03b1_ is a constant, A is the COVID-19 vaccine coverage rate as reported in  >>> administrative data <<<  and _t_ the test statistic obtained from a standard t- Test. If our prediction is confirmed, comparing _t_ to the critical value of a Student t-distribution will no longer reveal a statistically significant difference between in-person survey estimates and the administrative dat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cture text --> Socioeconomic groups<br>low mid-low<br>mid high<br>70<br>60<br>50<br>40<br>30<br>20<br>Percentage of women having FAFH every day (mean) 10<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Estimates based on  >>> data of ENAHO 2013 <<< . _Note_ : Data are weighted.\n\n14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data of ENAHO 2013", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of its interaction with travel time to urban center is positive. Both of the coe\u00a2 cients are signi...cant at 1 percent level. All standard errors reported in this paper are corrected for clustered sampling design of the  >>> HIES 2002 survey <<< .\n\nThe second column in Table 2 reports the estimation results when we include a set of measures of human capital both at the individual and DSD levels. The DSD level variables are percentage of labor force with primary or more schooling, and a measure of current malaria parasite", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES 2002 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " \u00a9So oOw co?)o Soo wSo So woOo = ]} wO o So\u00b0 4<br>4\u00a246 d6 dF dC dg dC dC dB BC KFC oD dG dB dG dD dD TT FGFS YP FF EG<br>eweeegeesseesesssek88 eggssgssgsg<br>- N N oO oO<br>Number of Units consumed over 30 days (kWh)<br> >>> GR Admin Data <<<  (2015-16) | ) Nss Consumption Expenditure (2011-12)<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nThe Admin Billing data provides the connection-wise consumption distribution. The NSS survey data provides household wise consumption distribution", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GR Admin Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|0.44|\n|3|0.74|0.76|0.53|0.56|\n|4|0.86|0.86|0.63|0.70|\n|5+|0.94|0.94|0.83|0.84|\n|Housing|||||\n|Makeshift|0.77|n.a.|0.77|0.61|\n|Apartment|0.66|n.a.|0.59|0.42|\n|House|0.73|n.a.|0.59|0.30|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 <<< , JD-HV3, LB-VASyR, and LB-Verif data. _Note:_ n.a. = Not applicable. \n\nperfectly coincide with the ones described in the specific analysis of each of the four data sets (chapter 2 and online appendixes A, B, and C). In a following step, we compare the nonharmonized data using th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ld Bank\u2019s real prices data, the lights per capita growth, population, and spatial inequality remain statistically insignificant, while the Sen Index remained significant, albeit at the margins. Moreover, when we use the  >>> World Bank price data <<<  the coefficients of real prices remain insignificant for all variables except the Sen Index, indicating the significant welfare impacts of changing real mineral prices. The expectation effect remains the same as before, but at the 10 percent significance level with the USGS data", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or 233 states, and quantifies vulnerability to climate change as a result of (1) weather\u2010related disasters, (2) sea\u2010level rise, and (3) reduced agricultural productivity. This Climate Drivers Index is also combined with  >>> data on governance and per capita income <<<  to incorporate measures of resilience, and with data on project effectiveness within countries. The full paper outlining the methodology by Wheeler (2011) can be found <u>HERE.</u>\n\n**Barr et al (2010) \u2013 Climate Change Impact Rankings.** This paper provides an indicator of clima", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on governance and per capita income", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "moving across international borders for work is increasing. By 2013, international migrants accounted for over 12 percent of the total population in the global North, over six times the share in 1990 (UNDESA, 2015). The  >>> 2011 Gallup poll <<<  estimates that more than 1 billion people want to migrate abroad for temporary work (Esipova, Ray, and Publiese, 2011). Anecdotes and media reports abound on the risks these migrants are undertaking in search of a better life for themselves or their families. For example, more t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2011 Gallup poll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " range is consistent with values reported in literature for other river basins, based on different methods. The analyses confirmed that it is impossible to reliably estimate the temperature elasticity from the available  >>> runoff, precipitation and temperature data sets <<<  for the Niger Basin, mainly because the contribution of annual variations in temperature to variations in runoff is much less than the random noise in the runoff signals. For the Niger Basin, an analytical approach utilizing the aridity index (Arora<sup>61</sup> , 2000) yields a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "runoff, precipitation and temperature data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata effect driven by the relatively long RCRE panel. From the CFPS panel, which is of relatively short duration, the 2018 CFPS data suggest the median ages of migrant men and women are 38 and 35, respectively.\n\n> 12 The  >>> RCRE data <<<  suggest that the migrant population has also become more educated. The average years of schooling has increased from 7.68 to 8.42 for women and from 7.82 to 8.48 for men during the 2003 to 2013 period. However, according to the 2018 CFPS data, the average years of schooling in t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RCRE data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stimated at 2.5 million barrels per day. Unemployment is high. The economy is not diversified. Iraq\u2019s position in the UN human development index has fallen from 76 in 1990 to 127 in 2001.</mark> \n\n<mark>According to the  >>> World Development Indicators <<< , illiteracy affects 54 per cent of females over 15, and 34 % of males. The health care system is worn down, even more so as a result of the recent war. In 1989 the health budget was of US$ 450 million. In 2002 it was US$ 20 million. The mortality rate of children under 5 is 2.5 ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "17 43 and 45 percent respectively. Among the \u201canocracies\u201d, group membership and attendance in meetings is particularly high for Tanzania.<sup>12</sup> The  >>> Afrobarometer <<<  data suggest that local-level organization of civil society into groups does not exclude the poor. For six countries\u2014Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Senegal, South Africa, and Zimbabwe\u2014an indicator of poverty in the Afrobarometer (when a respondent mentions that the household has gone w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Afrobarometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "A recent paper by DellaVigna and Gentzkow (2019) shows that prices of the same UPC do not differ much across retail chains in the US within the same week, using the  >>> Nielsen price data <<< . In our data and time period, we find that there is substantial variation in prices of the same UPC within the same chain and quarter across markets.<sup>6</sup> These differences could be explained by several factors such as differences in timeline (DellaVigna and Gentzkow (201", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Nielsen price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "participation. The  >>> socio-economic survey <<<  sampled 94 out of a projected population of 239 PAPs within the project corridor, which is about 44 %. \n\n##### **1.7.2 Socio-economic study findings** \n\nSome of the findings from the Socio-economic study are as follows: \n\n- The RAP I area is located in Ligega, Ambira and Umala S", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table 4:** Effects of Turnovers on Nepotism\n\n||**Village head survey**|**Bureau**|** >>> crat survey <<< **|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Employs relative|Parent was leader|Parent served ingovt|\n||(1)|(2)|(3)|\n|New village head|-0.385<sup>_\u2217\u2217\u2217_</sup>|-0.066|-0.168<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup>|\n||(0.155)|(0.043)|(0.069)|\n||[0.178]|[0.051]|[0.082]|\n|Observations|442|1067|1067|\n|Control mean|0.36|0.054|0.27|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "crat survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re is no change in overall inequality can be consistent with considerable \u201cchurning\u201d under the surface, with gainers and losers at all levels of living. This cannot be seen in cross-sectional surveys. The (more limited)  >>> panel data <<<  sets available point to churning.<sup>1</sup> Simulations of the impacts of specific policy changes intended to promote economic growth also point to such heterogeneity, or \u201chorizontal inequality,\u201d in the impacts of reform. In the context of trade reform, Ravallion (2005a) revie", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " health care professionals of violent incidents against men per 100,000 men ages 15\u201349.<sup>10</sup> It also controls for three factors that are correlated with the bargaining power of women within the household. First,  >>> data of the Brazilian electoral court <<<  are used to construct a gender ratio of educational achievement\u2014specifically, high school completion\u2014for each municipality by year. Given that elections are held only every other year, the analysis imputes, by municipality, the average education ratio of surrounding years for ea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data of the Brazilian electoral court", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6 \u22124 \u22122 0 2 4 6 8 10 \u221210 \u22128 \u22126 \u22124 \u22122 0 2 4 6 8 10<br>s s s<br>1 1<br>0<br>0 0 \u22121<br>\u22121 \u22121 \u22122<br>\u22122 \u22122 \u22123<br>3 0 0<br>2 \u22121 \u22122<br>1 \u22122 \u22124<br>0<br>\u22123 \u22126<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : Authors\u2019 analysis based on  >>> data from the Polity IV project <<<  and structural breaks estimated using the Penn World Tables version 9.0 (series _rgdpna/pop_ ).\n\nAll indicators describing a country\u2019s political institutions from the Polity IV database are significantly lower (or higher) in the decade before a slump occurs and then gradually re", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the Polity IV project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f projects with multilateral support that are canceled (6.1%) to the rate of cancellation of non-MLS projects (5.8%), the rates are not statistically different (see Table 1 and Figure 2).\n\nTable 1. Summary statistics of  >>> project data set <<< , PPPs from 1990-2010\n\n|PPP Status|Multilate<br>With MLS|ral Support<br>Without MLS|Total|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Canceled PPPs|24|149|173|\n|Total operational or concluded|368|2,409|2,777|\n|Total(canceled,operational,or concluded)|392|2,558|2,950|\n|Cancellation rate|6.1%|5.8%||\n\nSour", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "project data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "facturing and Construction<br>2 LO \u2014PePe _<br>SX a<br>NO \u2014<br>2008m1 2009m1 time;; 2010m1 2011m1<br>\u2014\u2014 Manufacturing \u2014\u2014\u2014 Construction<br>\u2014\u2014\u2014 Durable goods \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Non Durable goods<br>Source: suthor's calculations based on  >>> Buresu of Labor Statistics <<< <br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Employment Levels Since Peak in January 2008<br>Total Employment in Private Sector: Goods vs Services<br>;<br>a<br>\"<br>2008m1 2009m1 time;; 2010m4 2011m1<br>\u2014 Total Private \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Goods Producing<br>\u2014\u2014\u2014 Services<br>S", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Buresu of Labor Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arivo, the capital of Madagascar, where over 2.6 million people live.\n\n37. It was found that the land prices in Antananarivo are much elevated in the center of the city and taper off quickly toward suburban areas. Since  >>> spatial data <<< , such as land prices, are normally autocorrelated, the spatial autoregressive model was applied. The land value gradients were found to be relatively steep. The elasticity is -0.402 with respect to travel time to the CBD and 0.122 with respect to the accessibility to jobs, i.e.,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "spatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oduction of prenatal sex-detection technologies in India has led to a phenomenal increase in abortion of female fetuses. This paper examines the impacts of this on girl relative to boy mortality rates after birth, using  >>> data from 1973\u20132005 <<< . The analysis finds a narrowing of the gender gap in under-5 mortality rates, in line with surviving girls being more wanted. The estimates show that for every three aborted girls, one additional girl survives to age five. Investigation of the mechanisms finds a narrowing of gen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data from 1973\u20132005", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "7|0.48|\n|Unskilled work|0.26|0.44|\n|Skilled work|0.17|0.38|\n|Transfer|0.03|0.18|\n|Other income source|0.04|0.19|\n|Aid/transfers from abroad|0.12|0.32|\n|Aid/transfers from Haiti|0.18|0.38|\n\nSource: Own computations using  >>> June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys <<< . Note: The sample is restricted to the households residing in the six strata that cover areas directly affected by the earthquake.\n\n# **5.4.Pre-Earthquake Conditions**\n\nTable 16 presents summary statistics by quintile of pre-earthquake wealth. The poorest households lived mostly", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## _State protection against trafficking_ \n\nTo examine claims for asylum by those who suffered or fear trafficking, courts often used available  >>> country reports <<<  to assess the availability of state protection against trafficking.  In Australia, the courts have consistently denied trafficking-related asylum applications from Albania on the basis that state protection is available. Canadian courts noted increased efforts to combat traffick", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<!-- Start of picture text --> Inputs for damage indices<br>j Satellite images ; ShakeMaps J Wind data -<br>Damage index Populatispelt a<br>Layers<br> >>> VIIRS nightlights Damaged areas <<< <br>Damage and<br>light dataset<br>Case study FixedSueneffect<br>regression<br>Effect of natural<br>hazard on<br><!-- End of picture text -->", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VIIRS nightlights Damaged areas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "> 1,000 LMIC 1,000<br> 500 500<br>LIC<br>LIC<br> - -<br>1998\u20132001 2002\u201305 2006\u201309 2010\u201313 2014\u201317 1998\u20132001 2002\u201305 2006\u201309 2010\u201313 2014\u201317<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ World Bank calculations using UIS and  >>> IMF online databases <<< . _Note:_ LIC = low-income country, LMIC = lower-middle-income country, and UMIC = upper-middle-income country.\n\n# **_Recent Spending Increases Have Mostly Financed School Expansion in Low-Income Countries_**\n\nIncreases in government funding for education can go towards expanding", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IMF online databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ser, Ma, and Tobio, 2017). Hence, we relax the assumption of uniform initial level of utility in Latin America. Using geo-coded data on subjective well-being from several survey rounds of the Gallup World Poll (GWP) and  >>> Latinobar\u00f3metro <<< , we first compute the average subjective well-being scores for different subnational (level-1) administrative regions in each LAC country.<sup>11</sup> We then estimate a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Latinobar\u00f3metro", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ub-area model uses the same type of empirical best prediction model as the household model. However, the unit of analysis is the AGEB and the dependent variable is the estimated poverty rates for each AGEB from the 2014  >>> MCS-ENIGH survey data <<< . These poverty rates are then modeled as a linear function of covariates, with random effects specified at the area level. The inclusion of the area-level random effect allows the model to \u201cborrow strength\u201d from sample data in sampled municipalities, which contain relevant infor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MCS-ENIGH survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "em against those estimated using the actual income data.\n\n\uf0b7 **C.1** Accounting for the impact of occupational changes To carry out this simulation, we assign the estimated coefficients of equation (13) in year t\u2032 to the  >>> household survey <<<  in year t . To allow individuals to change occupations in the simulation, we need the \ufffd residual terms \u03b5\ufffd of the multinomial logit in equation (13), which are unobserved. Following Inchauste et al. (2014) and Train and Wilson (2008), we draw the residuals from an extreme value d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "otecci\u00f3n requeridas por la poblaci\u00f3n, as\u00ed como para posicionar y priorizar los derechos de las v\u00edctimas del conflicto armado. \n\n### **RIESGOS ESTRUCTURALES E INMINENTES** \n\nSeg\u00fan la Defensor\u00eda del Pueblo, a trav\u00e9s de su  >>> Sistema de Alertas Tempranas <<< , entre 2020 y 2021 se han identificado riesgos en 14 de los municipios del departamento (47%), incluyendo algunos inminentes para las poblaciones, as\u00ed como otros recurrentes, advirtiendo vulnerabilidades y haciendo recomendaciones en materia de prevenci\u00f3n de estas y protecci\u00f3n d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Sistema de Alertas Tempranas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Mali a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une tr\u00e8s grande visibilit\u00e9 politique d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de son d\u00e9clenchement soudain. \n\n38 Nous avons compar\u00e9 cette classification des pays en fonction de l\u2019\u00ab Ecart de financement de la protection \u00bb avec l\u2019 >>> Evaluation des crises oubli\u00e9es <<<  \u00e9tablie par ECHO chaque ann\u00e9e. Pour 2013, ECHO cite Sri Lanka, le Myanmar, la R\u00e9publique centrafricaine, le Pakistan et le Y\u00e9men comme crises oubli\u00e9es, liste qui ne recoupe pas de mani\u00e8re significative celle de l\u2019\u00ab Ecart de financement de", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Evaluation des crises oubli\u00e9es", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nstant|0.217|6.409|\n||(0.029)***|(0.172)***|\n|Mean of dependent variable|0.212|6.676|\n|Observations|3122|2387|\n|Fstat|4.122|3.535|\n|Prob > Fstat|0.000|0.001|\n|Adjusted R-squared|0.027|0.027|\n\n_Source_ : Authors based on  >>> HIES <<<  2016.\n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 1.6 to 1.7 percent over five years (Figure 14a). These two potential pathways provide a plausible range of targets within which Sierra Leone could increase its public education spending over the next five years.\n\nUsing  >>> school-age population projections <<< , these possible spending paths translate into a range of per child funding of between $166 and $218 in 2020/21 compared to $126 per child in 2015/16 (Figure 14b). Are these spending increases worth pursuing for Sierra Leone? Based on the past record of low spending in inefficien", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "school-age population projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in the score (7.25 points).\n\nThese  >>> health service delivery indicators <<<  are the best measures we have available in our study context to capture the productivity of the district bureaucracy as a complex organization. Rasul and Rogger (2016) and Rasul, Rogger and Williams (2017) review the available measures of productivity of national bureaucracies a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "health service delivery indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ity measured as gross value added (GVA) is from the Central Statistics Office. Temperature data is collected from the Average Daily Temperature Archive from the University of Dayton (2020) and based on recordings of the  >>> National Climatic Data Center <<< . We generate an India aggregate by weighting the daily temperatures recorded in Chennai, Delhi, Kolkata, and Mumbai by population.<sup>11</sup> Data on Indian holidays is from different online sources. The information about registered COVID-19 infections at the state and distric", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Climatic Data Center", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he country-level LPI variable which also changes slowly across years. Among infrastructure disruption variables, transport is most potent to explain dependent\u2019s variation.\n\nFinally, governance quality as measured by the  >>> World Governance Indicators <<<  strongly improves firms\u2019 utilization rates. While Table 5 shows results for the sub-indicator \u201cGovernance Effectiveness\u201d, any other World Governance Indicator \u2013 such as \u201cControl of Corruption\u201d \u2013 yields very similar estimation results (not shown). Specifically, a one-step increas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Governance Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Draft ESMF for Additional Financing for Ethiopia COVID -19 ERP \n\nMOH facilitates that every health facility conducts a patient satisfaction surveys and  >>> clinical audits <<<  to identify limitation and best practices and incorporate the feedback from patients and clinical audit findings to improve quality of care processes and protocols. \n\nWith the introduction of the vaccines, there should be a mechanism to monitor the safety of the vaccine. As this", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "clinical audits", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss of debt records, only four of these 17 countries met the minimum requirements for debt reporting and evaluation (Essl et al. 2019; World Bank 2019). Of 59 countries eligible for IDA borrowing, only one-third reported  >>> private sector external debt statistics <<<  (World Bank and IMF 2018). This raises the risk that public sector debt is higher in some EMDEs than reported. This risk is compounded by indirect and hidden debt, especially debt incurred by state-owned enterprises and public-private partnerships (Melecky 2021).\n\nIn addition, a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "private sector external debt statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of jobs across countries?**\n\n# **a. Extending the sample to other countries**\n\nThis section explores the drivers of the changing skill content of jobs by assigning the task content of each occupation estimated using the  >>> STEP surveys <<<  and O*NET, to the corresponding occupations in the I2D2 data set. We exclude the agricultural sector and agricultural workers from the I2D2 data set since they are under-represented in the STEP surveys.\n\nThis exercise relies on the assumption that the task content of occupations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "STEP surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd miscellaneous costs) for selected countries and their baseline (national multi-topic household surveys that were supported by the LSMS-ISA program and that are among the surveys in Table 1).\n\nThe figures are based on  >>> disaggregated expenditure records <<<  obtained from the LSMS-ISA trust fund in support of the types of technical assistance activities detailed here. For each survey, the activities spanned a 24-month period, cutting across two to three fiscal years depending on the survey period of implementation. The cross-country", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "disaggregated expenditure records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ional ln(sales/worker)<br>\u22126<br>\u221210<br>10 4<br>2<br>5<br>0<br>0<br>\u22122<br>\u22125 \u22124<br>Conditional ln(sales/worker) Conditional ln(sales/worker)<br>\u22126<br>\u221210<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 calculations with  >>> data from ENTIC 2009 and 2013 <<< , INEGI Note: For conditional ln(sales/worker) we use the residuals of a regression of ln(sales/worker) over size dummies", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from ENTIC 2009 and 2013", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " around 30 percent of the woreda is forest. A notable landmark is the Gambella National Park, which occupies the land west of the Fugnido - Gambella road. \n\nThe economy of Gog is predominately agricultural. Based on the  >>> 2017 projection of population <<<  (CSA), this Woreda has a total population of 24,763 of whom 11,503 are men and 13,260 women; with an area of 3,250.25 square kilometers, Gog has a population density of 7.62. Reportedly 10674 or 43.10 percent are urban inhabitants and 14089 or 56.9 percent live in rural areas. T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2017 projection of population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion only|81,106|51%|0.5|0|1|\n|Household size|81,106|4.61|2.8|1|26|\n|Unemployed|81,106|9%|0.3|0|1|\n|Out-of-workforce|81,106|39%|0.5|0|1|\n|Self-employed|81,106|25%|0.5|0|1|\n|Employed for wage|81,106|26%|0.5|0|1|\n\nSource:  >>> Global Findex database 2021 <<< .\n\nNote: Summary statistics are shown for 79 low- and middle-income countries. The full list of countries is shown in Appendix table A.1. The summary statistics exclude China due to missing data on employment status.\n\n# **4. Who are the unbanked?**\n\nOur measure of financial inclu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Global Findex database 2021", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ekly index NB: These are weekly, not daily, beta estimates.\n\n||Central Costanera|Central Puerto (elec)|Telef6nica de|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||(elec)||Argentina|\n|1994-95|0.74**e**|0.87|**-**|\n|1992-95|-|-|0.86**e**|\n\nIndex:  >>> Dow Jones Composite 65 <<<  (daily beta estimates)\n\n||Central Costanera|Central Puerto ADS|Telefonica de|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||ADR||Argentina ADR|\n|1994-95|1.92 e|1.21|**-**|\n|1992-95|-|-|1.57**e**|\n\nA2.3.2 **Chile** Index: IFC emerging markets weekly index NB: These are weekly, not daily, beta estimates\n\n|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Dow Jones Composite 65", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e prepayroll control report. However, as there is a history of the government issuing duplicate national ID numbers and there are many common names in Kenya, this report may reveal some \u201cgenuine duplicates\u201d based on the  >>> IPRS register <<< . This report will ensure that these duplicates are investigated and reported. \n\n> 18 These are described in more detail in the Aide Memoire for the Pre-Appraisal Mission for the National Safety Net Program for Results and will be reflected in the operations manual for the five p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IPRS register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uggest that agricultural indicators rather than rural population could improve the estimation of GDP given the importance of agriculture in many of the economies in their sample of Africa. Gibson et al. (2021) find that  >>> night time lights data <<<  are a poor predictor of economic activity in low density rural areas.\n\nIn this paper, we present a high resolution gridded Agricultural GDP (henceforth AgGDP) dataset that is produced through a spatial allocation model by distributing national 4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "night time lights data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " was carried out GfK Custom Research Baltic. The WWS Household Survey represents the population of registered unemployed persons. The sampling strategy required data analysis of the registered unemployed population from  >>> State Employment Agency data <<< . All five regions of Latvia - Kurzemes, Latgale, Riga, Vidzemes, and Zemgales - were sampled. Data on the registered unemployed population were divided into four strata within each region: <u>Strata 1:</u> people enrolled in WWS for less than six months prior to the survey (Trea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "State Employment Agency data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "NBLSOMRTMWINERSENTCDTZAUGA AGOBFACIVETHGABGHAGINGNBLSOMRTMWINERSENTCDTZAUGA<br>Share of poor population (%)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: International Urban Poverty Database. Note: For the DOU and DB methods,  >>> WorldPop 250m <<<  is used.\n\nFigure A8: Comparison of urban and rural poverty rates <!-- Start of picture text --> (A) Official definition (B) DOU (C) DB<br>80 80 80<br>60 60 60 MWI<br>MWI<br>NER<br>40 40 TZA UGA 40 TZA UGA<br>NER<br>20 UGATZA MWI 20 ETH 20 ETHTCD LSO<br>GABMRTSENCIVGIN GNBGHAETHB", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WorldPop 250m", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "his suggests that firms in Egypt are constrained in their access to long-term debt (i.e., with maturity of over one year). The limited availability of long-term financing is one of the frequently mentioned constraint in  >>> informal surveys <<<  of the private sector.\n\nThe ratio of retained earnings to total assets is much lower in Egypt than in other countries. This result", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "informal surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "policies. Regulators and private financial institutions have often been reluctant to grant temporary repayment deferrals because of the widespread assumption that such policies can damage credit discipline. Indeed, in a  >>> survey representative of the Indian population <<< , conducted as part of our study supports this assumption \u201466 percent of respondents state that they expect debt moratoria to have a negative effect on timely 4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey representative of the Indian population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s with _Post_ (indicating _t \u2265_ 1985). The table reports the F-statistic from a test for the joint-significance of the set of interaction terms in column (2). Standard errors in parentheses are clustered by state. Data:  >>> NFHS <<< . *** 1%, ** 5%, * 10%.\n\n51", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NFHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "series of \u201cweights\u201d applied to predict household welfare. The weights are derived from the standard HBS information on household consumption and household characteristics. Statistical models are developed and applied to  >>> applicant data <<<  to predict household welfare and rank applicantdbeneficiaries according to income relative to the regional poverty line. \n\n23 1. The proposed PMT weights to apply to SWF applicantlbeneficiary data are presented in the table below: \n\n> **l 3** Project Note. Phillippe Leite, Econo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "applicant data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " comparative advantage of individuals who perform non-routine tasks requiring problem solving, intuition, persuasion, and creativity.\n\nTo obtain measures of human capital, following Ayyagari and Maksimovic [2017] we use  >>> O*NET <<< , a database maintained by the U.S. Department of Labor that provides data on occupation-specific descriptors that define the key features of an occupation such as worker abilities, technical skills, job output, work activities, etc. We focus on the following three measures of hu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "O*NET", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ality (typically measured by the Gini index) without using population weights. I will draw mostly on the reviews by Alvaredo and Gasparini (2015) and Morelli et al. (2015) as well as new up-to-date calculations based on  >>> data from World Bank <<<  (2016c).<sup>14</sup> In the _average developing country_ , national inequality increased during the 1980s and 1990s, while it declined in the 2000s (largely driven by countries in Latin America). By contrast, the _average person_ in the developing world (i.e. using population w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from World Bank", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|4,746||\n|1979|383.1|5,397|62.0|\n|1980|393.3|5,697|82.5|\n|1981|365.>.|5,345|90.0|\n|1982|392.1|5,682|118.0|\n|1983|372.3|5,094|122.0|\n|1984|462.2|7,047|152.0|\n|1985|540.6|8,424|197.0|\n|.986|614.2|9,427|247.0|\n\n\n\nSOURCEs \n\n >>> Annual Economic Surveys <<<  Central Bureau of Statistics Ministry of Planning and Nation Development", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Annual Economic Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|||**Model 2**||**Model 3**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**2012**|**2018**|**2012**|**2018**|\n|**N**|1222|1149|1221|1107|\n|**Pseudo R-squared**|0.222|0.168|0.262|0.209|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based on ELMPS 2012 and  >>> ELMPS 2018 <<<  Notes: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.\n\n# **4.3.2. Are informal firms like formal firms?**\n\nUsing the preceding models, we now turn to considering whether the predicted probabilities of being formal overlap between formal and informal firms. We take the extent of this overlap to ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ELMPS 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(U)|-0.146|-0.177*|0.066|0.061|\n||(0.100)|(0.087)|(0.121)|(0.123)|\n|Observations|274002|274002|274002|266517|\n|Year FE||Y|Y|Y|\n|Country FE|||Y|Y|\n|X controls||||Y|\n\n## _Source:_\n\nAuthors\u2019 analysis based on data from the  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  (DHS).\n\n## _Notes:_\n\n* p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01. The dependent variables, controls and standard error adjustments are as in Table 1. Relative to Table 1, the study now uses", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a sources.\n\nHowever, it is also important to note that the gap between the consumption aggregates from these two sources does not necessarily imply that the NSS overestimates poverty. Some of the gap is due to errors in  >>> NAS <<<  consumption, which is determined residually in India, after subtracting other components of domestic absorption from output at the commodity level. There are also differences in the definition of consumption, and there are things included in NAS consumption that one would not us", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NAS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "analysis was shortened by one year. Fifth, whereas the  >>> CTNS data set <<<  only covers protests and strikes, MEC also includes all non-institutional acts of civil disobedience such as sit-ins and nonviolent occupations, as long as they include at least 1,000 participants and aim to replace the government. In 79.45% of the cases where MEC identifies an ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CTNS data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ere was a mix of dual and single program beneficiaries.  There seems to be a regional dimension to this \u2013 34 of the 39 FSP-only kebeles were in SNNP and Oromiya, and none were in Tigray.  We recently obtained additional  >>> administrative data <<<  on the overlap of FSP and PSNP at the kebele level.  The table below presents the distribution of PSNP and FSP (treatment and comparison) kebeles by region.  Two important points emerge from this table: 1) there is a strong degree of overlap \u2013 about 88 percent - between the PSNP", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r ITN in US$|5.00|\n|Costs of ITNs distributed p.a. per 1000 households in US$|1,784|\n|**Cost-benefit analysis of ITNs delivery**||\n|Costper infant death averted byITNs in US$|1,085|\n\nSource: Authors \u0333 calculations using  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys microdata <<<  and World Malaria Reports data. Notes: Estimate of live births is based on the actual live births that took place 1 to 12 months before the Kenya DHS 2008 survey. Infant deaths averted by ITNs are based on the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition results, see Table 5. Estimate of distri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "damage to assets and indirect losses, and its spatial distribution. The proposed approach is light in terms of data collection but rigorous in its conceptual underpinnings. On the empirical front, it relies on data from  >>> household expenditure surveys <<<  predating the disaster and on some assessment of the housing destruction it triggered at the local level. On the analytical front, it combines insights from poverty analysis and urban economics.\n\nA key tenet of the proposed approach is that the value of dwellings captures not on", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household expenditure surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "out of which Kshs.2,357,000 was paid to a hotel in Naivasha for provision of conference facilities and services for three **(3)** workshops in respect of services rendered in February, March and May, **2019** as per the  >>> workshop attendance register and local service orders <<< . The procurement requisitions and authorization for the services were, however, dated 21 October, 2020 which was more than a year since the services were rendered. Regulation 22 **(1)** of The Public Procurement and Asset Disposal Regulations **2006** (revised 2020) provides tha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "workshop attendance register and local service orders", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", we keep women who had their first birth within a calendar year from their  >>> survey data <<< , so that their preferences at the survey date reflect their preferences around the birth of their first child. We then compare mother\u2019s reported son preference between firstborn-girl and firstborn-boy families and across the 3 survey rounds, that span about 15 years. In Panel A,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mination of daily price-volume patterns, and helps indicate the prevalence of trading in a stock based on private or privileged information. Finally, efficiency can be approximated by the real transaction cost. Based on  >>> daily return data of the listed stocks <<< , this variable attempts to approximate the transaction costs associated with trading a particular security. This variable helps determine the barriers to efficiency in the market. All these indicators are constructed by compiling and statistically processing firm-level data from", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "daily return data of the listed stocks", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nditure and poverty rates are not large. Comparing expenditure distributions, we find that LB-Verif data show the highest values across the four data sets considered, whereas among the three remaining data sets (JD-HV2,  >>> JD-HV3 <<< , and LB-VASyR) there is no absolute dominance in welfare. For lower parts of the distributions (among poorer people), JD-HV2 data show the lowest welfare; for upper parts of the distributions (among richer people) JD-HV3 data show the lowest welfare. Moreover, the cumulative dis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e data used they are unable to analyze long-term patterns and determinants of '-g1iii n.-1i as we do in this paper. Bai et al. (2004) investigate the evolution of the Hoover index of :- :1 i constructed using **Cliij.**  >>> industrylevel data <<<  from **1985** to **1997.** They estimate the impact of local protectionism (i.e., the\n\n**8**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "industrylevel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "et proportionnellement moins que l\u2019intervention humanitaire globale (tableau 1.2).<sup>23</sup> Les enqu\u00eates aupr\u00e8s des acteurs de la protection confirment cette opinion. On nous a g\u00e9n\u00e9reusement permis d\u2019avoir acc\u00e8s aux  >>> donn\u00e9es recueillies par Humanitarian Outcomes <<<  pour le rapport d\u2019ALNAP The State of the Humanitarian System: 2012, dans lequel 60 % des participants d\u2019organisations internationales se consid\u00e9rant eux-m\u00eames comme appartenant au secteur de la protection ont estim\u00e9 que le financement \u00e9tait \u00ab insuff", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es recueillies par Humanitarian Outcomes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "te is 4.6 births per woman. This is a slight decrease from the rate of 4.9 ten years ago. Neonatal mortality is a particular concern and 6 out of 10 infant deaths occur during the first 28 days of life. According to the  >>> Kenya Demographic Health Survey <<<  (KDHS) 2008 findings, 35 percent of Kenyan children are stunted, while 14 percent are severely stunted raising serious concerns about chronic malnutrition. \n\n2. _The Constitution of the Republic of Kenya (Republic of Kenya, 2010) has entrenched the right to health for every Keny", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya Demographic Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e 2004-2014 period. RR = resource-rich Africa, nonRR = non-resource rich Africa, RR RoW = resource-rich excluding Africa. Source: authors\u2019 calculations using IMF data for the public-sector gross fixed capital formation,  >>> World Bank data <<<  for investment on health and UNESCO for investment on education.\n\nAfrican countries abundant in fossil fuels were the largest contributors to resource-rich Africa\u2019s gross fixed capital formation. In Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Angola, Republic of Congo and in the mineral-rich Bots", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e LMICs average. The Gini index fell between 2005 and 2015 and appears to have stagnated since then. \n\n**3. Kenya continues to be highly vulnerable to adverse impacts of climate change and natural hazards** . As per the  >>> 2020 Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index <<< , Kenya is ranked 149 of 182 countries in terms of climate change vulnerability.<sup>7</sup> The country has experienced a distinct warming trend with an estimated average temperature increase of  0.21\u00b0C per decade since the 1960s.<sup>8</sup> It is projected that mean annual tem", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2020 Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s not including owner\u2019s labor and is perhaps better seen as a measure of income. In fact, as a robustness check, we also use the net income from self-employment reported by the owner of the firms when interviewed in the  >>> ENEU <<< . In logs, the correlation of the two variables is 0.59. We construct the variables measuring firm growth and survival, by exploiting the panel nature of the ENEU. The survey follows the owners of the firms covered by the ENAMIN for four quarters after the initial interview so we", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENEU", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " survey.**<sup>**(42)**</sup> **The United Nations recommendations on population censuses underscore the importance of including questions related to citizenship, including statelessness.**<sup>**(43)**</sup> **Based on  >>> census data <<<  obtained through the 2010** **_World Population and Housing Census Programme_ , data for 10 countries are included in this year\u2019s statistics \u2013 a significant increase, given that just two countries were included in the report only three years ago. With the United Nations and nati", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **VI. Conclusion**\n\nHaving used the  >>> VIIRS data <<<  as an economic proxy across modeled flood, earthquake and typhoon damage, the results were not convincing. The analysis in this paper shows a lack of significance across all hazard types and all countries. Furthermore, looking at specific cases for each hazard type only yielded ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VIIRS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "costs associated with trading a particular security. This variable helps determine the barriers to efficiency in the market. All these indicators are constructed by compiling and statistically processing  >>> firm-level data <<<  from a variety of market sources.\n\n# _3.4. Financial Stability_\n\nLast, but not the least, financial stability is an important feature of the financial sector. There is a vast literature specifically on measuring systemic risk, stress tests, and other tools for financial stabilit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ilar to the benchmark case discussed above (second column in Table 3). The educational loss is strongly decreasing in the socioeconomic status of the household. As expected, the gradients are somewhat smaller when using  >>> HFPS data <<< , due to a higher degree of aggregation in the information we use for the calculations.\n\n> 12 Variables in the HFPS were harmonized by the World Bank, which helped foster a growing literature (Ballon et al. 2021; Cucagna and Romero 2021; Khamis et al. 2021; Kugler et al. 2021; Me", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HFPS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " level of inflation also varies systematically with the country size, our main results could be spuriously affected. We guard against this possibility by controlling for the annual rate of inflation (GDP deflator) using  >>> data from WDI <<< .</mark> Summary statistics of all the variables used in the regressions are provided in Table 2 while the correlations between the various controls and the measures of country size are provided in Table 3.\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Authors\u2019 analysis based on data from the Penn World Tables version 7.0, Penn World Tables version 9.0, and the World Development Indicators. Additional data come from the Polity IV project, Desmet et al. (2012), and the  >>> Federal Reserve Economic Data <<<  (FRED) database.\n\nOur main findings are virtually unaffected by the choice of data sets and preference for a particular national income series. Table 5 takes our preferred specification, including the mean-centered interaction term and region fixed effects, but replaces the depe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Federal Reserve Economic Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "duated tax. \n\n119. The assessment o f the poverty and social impact o f the measures proposed by the PEAP and supported by the PRSC is carried out in the context o f Uganda\u2019s PEAP monitoring system and in particular the  >>> biannual household surveys <<<  that analyze, among other things, poverty trends and dynamics. The surveys which cover the entire country provide a rich source o f information on household socio-economic characteristics, including consumption expenditures, employment, and access to social services, etc. The su", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "biannual household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "most data for monetary poverty and HDI (and its components) start in mid-1990s to early 2000s, we have 32 countries in our sample with unemployment rate data starting in the year 1980 (which gives us almost 4 decades of  >>> continuous data <<< ). Using this data, we cannot reject the null hypothesis that the median contribution of the business cycle to the variance in the unemployment rate is the same across well-known more \u201cflexible\u201d detrending techniques. In particular, and based on a nonparametric K-sample test on t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "continuous data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". \n\nAccording to adolescent boys, prior consultation should be conducted with all population groups in the community, including both adolescent boys and girls. Adolescent boys believe that through their participation in  >>> FGDs <<<  and community consultations, the accountability in decision-making processes by all humanitarian actors would improve. Trust in Majhis, Imams, religious leaders, and parents was voiced by adolescent boys and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FGDs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ocumentation (CD) is widespread among the population in NWS. Such documents include, but are not limited to, birth, death, marriage, divorce certificates, identity cards, family booklets, and passports. According to the  >>> 2021 MSNA Survey <<< , 89% of households in the NWS reported that at least one household member lacked any Government of Syria (GoS) issued CD, compared to 21% of households in GoS-controlled areas.  It is not possible to obtain GoS-issued CD within NWS as there are no GoS civil registration offices.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2021 MSNA Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\n> 42 NESDB, UNICEF, UNDP, and IPC-IG, Roadmap for the Development of a National Social Protection Policy in Libya, November 2021 \n\n> 43 The total population in Libya was estimated at 6.9 million by the World Bank\u2019s <u> >>> Health Nutrition and Population Statistics <<<  in</u> 2020, and the share of children (under 18) was about 33.5% of the total population in 2018 according to Machado, A. C., C. Bilo, F. V. Soares and R. G. Osorio. 2018. Overview of Non-contributory Social Protection Programmes in the Middle East and North <u>Africa (MENA) Re", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Health Nutrition and Population Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ws that students learn to divide along an S-shaped learning trajectory, with a locally linear interval from Grades 6 to 10. Figure 5.2 shows how often this locally linear interval appears at the subnational level, using  >>> 2012 ASER data <<<  for 31 Indian states. We compare observed learning trajectories to a projected linear trend and find remarkable alignment, indicating local linearity across most states in that year. We see this trend repeated across nearly all states and all years from 2008 to 2012 (see Annex 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2012 ASER data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rvice delivery indicators. An Overseas Development Institute study (2010) found that Ethiopia was making the third-fastest improvements of any country towards reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The latest  >>> Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data <<<  show that child mortality has fallen from 123 per thousand in 2005 to 88 in 2010, and primary net enrollment rates rose from 68 percent in 2004/2005 to 82 percent in 2009/2010. Such progress on basic service delivery is coupled with an impressive growth record over the past deca", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table A.22:** Robustness Checks on Public Goods Provision (Table 7)\n\n||**Public Goods Index**|**Citizen**|**survey**|** >>> Village head survey <<< **|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||_Podes_2021|Access|Quality|Take Action|\n||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|\n|1. Baseline|0.503<sup>_\u2217_</sup><br>(0.263)|0.073<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.043)|0.208<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.102)|0.165<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.086)|\n|2. No controls|0.682<sup>_\u2217\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.276)|0.0", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Village head survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l inputs including improved and new seeds, and limited knowledge of women and men farmers about improved agronomic practices. \n\nDespite its shortcomings, agriculture continues to be the main economic activity and as per  >>> household survey <<< , subsistence farming accounts for 81% and commercial farming 7 %. The total income realized from farming per year ranges from UGX 200,000-7,500,000 at household level. This is marketed locally at available markets and Lira central market within 1-3 km. The main problems encounte", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " acquisition data from Securities Data Corporation (2000) or have a foreign ownership share exceeding 25 percent. 67 of the 103 firms with FDI in 1999 fall into this category.\n\nTable 3 presents summary statistics of the  >>> ownership data <<<  on publicly-traded firms in Korea in 1998 and 1999. The 1999 sample is smaller because several dozen firms went bankrupt or were delisted from the Korea Stock Exchange in 1999. In the 1998 sample, 156 firms (25 percent of the sample) had foreign ownership exceeding 10 percent. T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "ownership data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 10680\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nSurveys frequently rely on annual recall to capture individuals\u2019 labor activities over the preceding year. This paper uses a  >>> panel of rural households in Malawi <<<  for a survey experiment to test the effect of a long, annual recall window on reported labor supply relative to a set of quarterly interviews. The paper documents large losses in reported labor participation using the long recall window with reductions of over 20 percent of repo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel of rural households in Malawi", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".6<br>India Sri Lanka Myanmar Nepal Bangladesh Thailand Pakistan Indonesia<br>Female Male<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ WHO 2015a.\n\nInformation on households from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey ( >>> HIES <<< ) 2016/17 confirms the high rates of tobacco consumption (both smoked and smokeless). In 2016, approximately 65 percent of households had consumed some type of tobacco product during the month previous to the interview. Comparing across time, the share of households consuming tob", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "med in the data.\n\nWe first establish a baseline in which the model predicts the spatial evolution of Latin America over the next century, assuming no change in mobility frictions. Starting from the calibrated model with  >>> data for 2000 and adjusted migration frictions <<< , the equilibrium of the model is obtained by simultaneously solving equations (1) and (2) for a period _t_ as in lemma 3 of Desmet et al. (2018). Within this procedure, given the trade and adjusted migration frictions in 2000, the distribution of local amenities, net of congesti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for 2000 and adjusted migration frictions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n matter, a clear framework is lacking. A first contribution of this paper is such a framework, albeit a simple one. A second contribution is to provide evidence using a representative and business-level data set; these  >>> survey-based data <<<  use a novel sampling approach, affording indepth, micro-level information on informal businesses, which are often absent from such firm-level data sets. A third contribution is to provide empirical results of this exposure. Specifically, results show that informal-sector operato", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey-based data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " sources of data. First, administrative data mainly provide key insights into public revenues and expenditures, but can also provide information on subsidy schemes, transfer systems and users of public services. Second,  >>> household survey data <<<  is crucial in identifying individuals, both as taxpayers for different kinds of taxes and as users of publicly funded services. The next subsections present details on these datasets used in this study.\n\n# **3.1.  Administrative data: Taxes and the child-relevant budget in Ethio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iary system.\n\nThe estimates for the number of ninis come from the _Encuesta Nacional de Empleo_ (ENE), an annual employment survey conducted between 1995 and 2004, and from the _Encuesta Nacional de Ocupaci\u00f3n y Empleo_ ( >>> ENOE <<< ), a quarterly survey conducted in Mexico since 2005. Both ENE and ENOE are statistically representative at the state level. Since ENE is collected during the second quarter of each year, we include information from ENOE only for the second quarter of each year; this has the doub", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENOE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". PDO indicators were to be assessed through impact evaluation surveys \u2013 a choice that allowed for a rigorous estimation of the project\u2019s impacts but made it difficult to track change in the PDO indicators over time** .  >>> Impact evaluation follow-up surveys <<<  took place in early 2017 and in 2019. The evaluation was conducted by the World Bank\u2019s Africa Region Gender Innovation Lab. The employment and profit targets were met and exceeded by December 2019. While the absolute numbers look modest, the results by the end of 2019 represent ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Impact evaluation follow-up surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "llocation triggered by a temporary trade shock can lead to persistent effects, we analyze irreversible investments in built-up density (housing and manufacturing structures) by taking advantage of the recently available  >>> satellite data on global human settlement <<< . In addition, we provide evidence on the role played by reallocation of skilled labor (agglomeration externalities) and public provision of complementary inputs such as electricity (using night-lights density as an indicator).\n\nThe theory shows that a trade shock to one route af", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "satellite data on global human settlement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "des forces ou groupes arm\u00e9s, de s\u00e9vices sexuels, d\u2019exploitation, et de perte d\u2019identit\u00e9 d\u00e9finitive. Il arrive souvent que ces enfants ne se souviennent pas comment ils se sont retrouv\u00e9s dans certaines communaut\u00e9s. \n\nLes  >>> donn\u00e9es de monitoring de protection <<<  pour la p\u00e9riode de janvier \u00e0 octobre 2024 montrent que 34% des enfants s\u00e9par\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes des violences sexuelles, 37 % d\u2019agressions physiques, 15% d\u2019enl\u00e8vements, et 6% de meurtres, mutilation ou mariage forc\u00e9. La tranche d\u2019\u00e2ge de 12-17 ans est la plus touch\u00e9e, avec 7% des", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es de monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "by a tapering off at around 10 kilometers. Similar comparisons between a semi\u2010automated approach and manual digitization have been explored in Accra Ghana.<sup>39</sup> This study found the land cover layer derived from  >>> VHR imagery <<<  was able to accurately detect 94% of the land designated as \u2018slum\u2019 by the UN Habitat/Accra Metropolitan Assembly <u>(UNAMA).</u> <!-- Start of picture text --> Nairobi Land Cover c. 2003<br>Nairobi Land Use 2003<br>(", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VHR imagery", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2.0|2.1|2.7|3.3|3.6|4.9|5.9|6.9|8.1|0.8|1.6|4.5|\n|All above goods|2.0|2.1|2.3|2.4|2.1|2.5|3.0|3.3|3.5|0.3|0.0|1.5|\n\nSource: Computations based on  >>> Pan-European import data <<<  from UN COMTRADE Statistics.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Pan-European import data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".3|\n||**_Total_**|**_100.0_**|\n\n\n\nSources: Regional conservation strategy report, October 1999 \n\n### **4.7.2 Socio - Cultural and Socio \u2013 economic Environment** \n\n### **_Population and Ethnic Group_** \n\nAccording to the  >>> Statistical Abstract of CSA <<< , 2008, the population of Somali Regional National State is 4,439,147.  The Somali Regional State is divided in \n\n\n\n\n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \n\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Statistical Abstract of CSA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n against expropriation by the controlling shareholders. It ranges from zero to 10 and higher values imply better protection of minority shareholders. We use the \u201cstrength of minority investor protection\u201d variable from \u201c >>> World Bank Doing Business Surveys <<< \u201d to construct this measure. The data for constructing this variable comes from surveys administered to corporate and securities lawyers and includes sections on countries\u2019 disclosure requirements for related-party transactions, extent of director liability in lawsuits, sharehold", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Doing Business Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and financial wealth in the United States over the period 1989-2001. They find a substantially larger marginal propensity to consume from housing wealth than from financial wealth. In addition, Case et al. (2005), using  >>> panel data <<<  for 14 countries, report: \u2015The importance of housing market wealth and financial wealth in affecting consumption is an empirical matter....[] We find at best weak evidence of a stock market wealth effect. However, we do find strong evidence that variations in housing market weal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rentheses (and adjusted for clustering on country). Where relevant, base categories of dummies are indicated in parentheses in italics. + = significant at 10%; * = significant at 5%; ** = significant at 1%. Data source:  >>> ICS <<< .\n\n30", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ICS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " benefits accruing from the sale of crop products and unequal division of labor in agricultural activities. Specificities in districts of the Project area are described below. \n\n###### **6.5.5.1 LIRA DISTRICT** \n\nAs per  >>> housing and population census 2014 <<< , female population of Lira constitutes 51.5 % of the total District population. During the household survey , it was established that women roles are domestic related as they participate more in activities such harvesting, planting, water and firewood collection while men take c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "housing and population census 2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing public investment infrastructure and regional growth. Elburz et al. (2017) conduct a meta-analysis of 42 studies published during the 1995-2014 period. The metaanalysis reports the following: (i) studies that employ  >>> data from the United States <<<  are more likely not to register a positive relationship between public infrastructure and economic growth; (ii) results differ across the studies due to difference in infrastructure measurement used, analytical methods, geographical scale of the study, and (iii) analysis that in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the United States", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 23.6% returnees and 2% of non-Sudanese asylum seekers. Beyond neighboring countries that have been reporting on Sudanese influx since the outbreak of the conflict,  >>> Uganda new registration statistics <<<  have in the past 3 months pointed to over 1,000 Sudanese asylum seekers in every month. A zoom on their state of origin shows 43% are from Khartoum, 21% from South Kordofan, 15% from North Darfur, 12% from South Darfur and 9% from Blue Nile. \n\n> _3 IOM \u2013 DTM: DTM Sudan - Monthly", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda new registration statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "per weight to spatial considerations. Although many studies have linked health outcomes with climate, the use of insufficiently matched climate and disease data can lead to biased results. Thus, we carefully interpolate  >>> climate and weather data <<<  from the network of stations to the precise location of each DHS clusters. Relatively few studies have matched climate variables to outcomes at fine resolution. The usual practice in the economic literature is to match each locality \u2013a cluster or the geographic center of an admi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "climate and weather data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lution and see if there is differential in potential impacts of pollution on the two different income groups.\n\n## **5.1 Data**\n\nOur analysis relies on two longitudinal data sets. As a proxy for air pollution, we use the  >>> global estimates of fine particulate matter <<<  developed by van van Donkelaar et al. (2016). We 22", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global estimates of fine particulate matter", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing iron and folic acid||||\n|(IFA)|42.1%|60%|54.1%|\n|Percent of Children 6-59 months receiving Vitamin A||||\n|Supplements|45%|45%*|53%|\n\n\n\n*  No updates will be verified by next DHS survey planned for 2021 Data sources:  >>> Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey <<<  (EDHS) 2016 report; 2019 Mini-DHS; Nutrition Data Verification Joint Review Mission Report, Dec 2018; 2012 HMIS Data Quality Assessment (DQA) Report; 2014 HMIS DQA and current data from 2018 SARA report. \n\n## 4. With respect to the three IPF sub-components, the Program status is", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t measures, this study relies on data of the Demographic and Health survey (DHS), which contain anthropometrics measured by health professionals and are therefore less prone to measurement error.\n\nMore specifically, the  >>> representative restaurant survey <<<  that measures the nutritional composition of the most frequently consumed lunch menus in Metropolitan Lima is combined with the household survey that contains anthropometric measures of women ages 15 to 49 living in Lima.<sup>4</sup> This unique data set allows an assessment of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "representative restaurant survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le to ensure a smooth handover. \n\n39. **Impact evaluation.** A baseline survey for selected districts in the Programme was undertaken in 2007. A second panel survey was fielded to the same households in 2009. In 2011, a  >>> third round panel survey <<<  was undertaken that assessed progress towards the same indicators as previous evaluations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "third round panel survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and to World Bank management through system updates of the Implementation Status reports. This was alongside regular progress assessment within the MDTF administration arrangement that convened every six months. \n\n42. ** >>> Data collected from the progress reports <<<  was evaluated and used to inform decision-makers on the status and activities that needed attention** . Based on the various aide memoire and project reports, rating of progress on the project M&E gradually improved, from modest to satisfactory levels by the last mission during ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data collected from the progress reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "een the first and second year of life. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for children under 6 months and the introduction of solid and semi-solid food around the age of 6 months. The  >>> Ethiopia data <<<  shows that most children under the age of 6 months are predominantly breastfed, although only about a third are exclusively breastfed, as it is recommended by the WHO.\n\nThe mother\u2019s education level is likely to be a significant factor influencing child feeding practices. The dat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly suggestive, because PPPs were not randomly assigned to the old and new laws.\n\nTable 6 summarizes renegotiations under the new and the old law overall, distinguishing also between fixed and variable term PPPs. We have  >>> data from 98 PPPs <<< , of which 57 were projects awarded before the 2010 Reform. Of all projects, 55 were fixed-term PPPs and 36 were variableterm concessions.<sup>55</sup> As column 1 shows, as of 2021, 55 of the 98 PPPs had been renegotiated 189 times. On average 20 percent of the total investment ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from 98 PPPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion to the formulation of national response to HIV; and (iii) It provided financing on preventive activities when there is lack of attention on prevention. \n\nThe project has achieved its objective indicators, based on a  >>> special household survey <<<  conducted recently to measure the progress of the project: \n\n# Percentage of young people aged 15-24 who both correctly identify ways the sexual transmission of HIV and who reject major misconceptions about HIV transmission is found to be 81%, achieving beyond the original targe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "special household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " alarming hunger has been identified according to the 2020 Global Hunger Index. \n\n3. **Key human capital outcomes lag behind comparable countries in the region and restrict the productivity growth potential.** Burundi\u2019s  >>> Human Capital Index <<<  (HCI) shows that a child born in Burundi today will be 38 percent as productive when he grows up as he could be if he enjoyed complete education and full health<sup>4</sup> . This is slightly lower than the average for Sub-Saharan Africa region but slightly higher than the avera", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Human Capital Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "/MT)|Trade<br>balance<br>(Rice)<br>(US$Mn)|Employment<br>(Numbers)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|** >>> Survey data <<<  (2016)**||**1,029,709.0**|**695, 255.0**|**334,454.0**|**770.00**|**(257.5)**|**732,461.0***|\n|**Model baseline**|1,328.3|1,030,210.9|694,394.4|335,816.5|768.6|(258.6)|669,340.0|\n|**% Deviation**||0.05%|0.12%|0.41%|0.18%|0.43%|8.62%|\n\nNote* Number of heads of agricultural househ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s.\n\n> 9 Indonesia \u2013 which targeted the household head or primary breadwinner \u2013 is at one extreme, while Philippines and Mongolia are at the other and are more similar to the actual percentage (47 percent in the original  >>> Mongolia sample survey <<< , 34 percent in 2015 Philippines Census).\n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mongolia sample survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ce before the Tunisian revolution, the follow-up surveys took place after it. The Arab Spring instilled a sense of optimism and hope for many young people, but perceptions of economic opportunities did not seem to last.  >>> Data from the control group <<<  in\n\n> 8 The comparison is only indicative as the employment indicators are measured slightly differently. Still, approximately 70 percent of graduates in the control group were unemployed or inactive (63 percent of males and 74 percent of females), with approximately", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from the control group", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> database of global administrative areas <<< \u2014ADM1, corresponding to states or governorates, and ADM2, corresponding to districts, municipalities, or communes\u2014using their center points (\u201ccentroids\u201d). The baseline specification to be estimated by ordinary least squares (OLS) is where _i_ and _k_ are indices for cell and coun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database of global administrative areas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lysis uses data from five distinct sources. The historical data on individual employment and household consumption is obtained from nationally representative employment surveys (focusing on the Rajasthan component) ; an  >>> alternate household and individual employment survey <<<  is used to gauge the more recent relationship between individual characteristics and rural non-farm employment. The data on micro-enterprise performance is gathered from an establishment level survey of micro-enterprises. Data on bank branches and bank credit are obtained from t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "alternate household and individual employment survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup>5</sup> We next describe the incentive schemes. Participants were given a packet of 15 mazes to solve in each of two 15-minute rounds.<sup>6</sup> Some participants had piece rate incentives in both 5 In the 1998-99  >>> Indian National Family Health Survey <<< , households were asked to name their caste. Most low-caste respondents gave their actual caste name ( _e.g._ Chamar), but a few used the more generic and politically correct names, Dalit, _harijan_ , or Scheduled Caste (Marriott 2003).\n\n6 The mazes are Xerox copies from <u>http:", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indian National Family Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "20|74.2|18.3|\n|Zambia|3343|64.4|2010|0.518|62.2|43.0|\n|Zimbabwe|1524|n.a.|n.a.|0.801|77.7|37.5|\n|Mean<br>ote Poverty rates are|2806<br>for $1.90 per perso|42.7<br>n per day at 20|2012<br>11 PPP; estimate|0.472<br>s from  >>> PovcalNet <<< |71.1<br>, accessed 8/18/|29.1<br>2016. Mean|\n\nNote Poverty rates are for $1.90 per person per day at 2011 PPP; estimates from <u>PovcalNet, accessed 8/18/2016. Mean</u> poverty rate is for Sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. GDP, literacy, access to improved water and sanitation are ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PovcalNet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2015 2017 2019 2021<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# _Firm informality_\n\n23. **Firms in Indonesia are dominated by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).** The  >>> 2016 Economic Census <<< , the last one available, classifies 99 percent of firms in the country as MSMEs. A large share of these MSMEs are micro firms, almost 60 percent, with fewer than 5 workers. This is in contrast to peer countries like Malaysia and Vietnam, which also have a large share of firms ca", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2016 Economic Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ories. And the resulting categorization of industries across the attributes under consideration remains robust to this change.\n\n# **4. Does the Growth of Services Depend on a Manufacturing Base?**\n\nThe analysis based on  >>> firm-level data from six developing countries <<<  in the previous subsection highlighted information technology and transportation and communications as two service subsectors that are characterized as \u201chigh\u201d across a range of characteristics indicative of learningby-doing, international trade, and innovation. Further, wholesal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data from six developing countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rming|DairyFarming|1|163,800.00|\n|25|WD|DairyFarming|RetailingShop|1|163,800.00|\n|26|WR|DairyFarming|RetailingShop|1|163,800.00|\n|27|ZW|DairyFarming|Animal Fattening|1|180,482.00|\n|||Total|||5,318,375.00|\n\n\n\n**Source:**  >>> PAPs Census Survey <<< , March 2020 \n\n**Note:** The estimated cost of a cow and an ox is 70 , 000 and 30,000 respectively.This budget partially contains the costs of animal feed,veterinary and shed. \n\n74", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PAPs Census Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "osition as at that date. The Director General,KeNHA and the Project Implementation Team Leader for Eastern Africa Regional, Transport, Trade **&** Development Facilitation Project further confirm the completeness of the  >>> accounting records <<<  maintained for the Project, which have been relied upon in the preparation of the Project financial statements as well as the adequacy of the systems of internal financial control. \n\nThe Director General,KeNHA and the Project Implementation Team Leader for Eastern Africa Regiona", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " IFS line 60P and 60L, respectively.\n\n**Z- Score weighted average from Commercial Banks** is estimated as follows: (ROA + Equity / Assets)/(Standard Deviation of ROA). Return of Assets (ROA), Equity, and Assets are from  >>> Bankscope <<< . The standard deviation of ROA is estimated as a 5-year moving average.\n\n**Stock Market Capitalization plus Outstanding Domestic Private Debt Securities to GDP** measures the market capitalization plus the amount of outstanding domestic private debt securities as percentage of G", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Bankscope", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istry, Media and the EOC currently promote use of the call centre and publicised the telephone numbers dedicated for this purpose. \n\nMOH facilitates that every health facility conducts a patient satisfaction surveys and  >>> clinical audits <<<  to identify limitation and best practices and incorporate the feedback from patients and clinical audit findings to improve quality of care processes and protocols. \n\nWith the introduction of the vaccines, there should be a mechanism to monitor the safety of the vaccine. As this", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "clinical audits", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pita of the trade partner, while Melitz and Ottaviano (2008) predict a negative relationship.\n\nWith regard to the empirical literature, Manova and Zhang (2012) is the main reference for this paper. The authors analyze a  >>> custom database on Chinese firms <<<  and establish stylized facts on the variation in export", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "custom database on Chinese firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "et their basic</sup> needs estimated at K Sh 200<sup>per household per month for a household of five.</sup> An NCC study estimated<sup>that a little over 13% of Nairobi's labor force was</sup> unemployed in 1971. An<sup> >>> ILO study on employment in Kenya <<<  found that over 20%</sup> of adult males and 50%<sup>of adult females in Nairobi are either unemployed or</sup> \n\n> 1/ A formal request<sup>for such assistance was submitted to the INF on</sup> March 7, 1975.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ILO study on employment in Kenya", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " social protection transfers were assessed using the direct identification method, an important limitation for assessing social transfers **.** This method primarily relies on the responses provided by households in the  >>> survey concerning social exclusion transfers <<< . However, these responses typically lack the granularity needed to discern the exact nature of the transfers received. In other words, the dataset does not specify whether the reported transfers pertained to the heating allowance, the Monthly Social Allowance (MSA) scheme, or ot", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey concerning social exclusion transfers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tential evapotranspiration (E0) projections were calculated through use of the modified Hargreaves<sup>5152</sup> method (Allen<sup>53</sup> et al. 1998), using four core inputs: baseline temperature, precipitation from  >>> historical data sets <<< , and projected temperature and precipitation generated by the adopted GCM-SRES combinations. \n\n> 51 Hargreaves, G.H. and Z.A. Samni, 1982: Estimation of potential evapotranspiration: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Eng. 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "historical data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eloping partnerships with humanitarian actors (e.g., UNHCR and IOM) for data\u2010sharing and analysis, which enabled the World Bank to link UNHCR\u2019s refugee registration with its own socioeconomic databases, particularly the  >>> Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey <<<  (ALCS) and the Pakistan Population Profiling, Verification and Response (PPVR) Survey, covering approximately one million documented and undocumented Afghan refugees. This analysis has informed EZ\u2010Kar on the socioeconomic characteristics of the returnees, IDPs and host communiti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "degree of irregularity in farming practices in the survey context, data collectors will be able to anticipate more effectively whether and the extent to which the resulting labor data will be reliable. They may also use  >>> high-frequency surveys <<<  such as the ones used in this study, which dramatically shorten the traditional season-long recall period, as an approach to large-scale data collection or as a means to create a consistent adjustment factor that can be applied to past and future recall surveys in the traditiona", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "high-frequency surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gnostic of the nini phenomenon in Latin America and the Caribbean\u2014the patterns at a regional level and within individual countries, as well as the evolution of the phenomenon between 1992 and 2010. The analysis draws on  >>> data from 238 household surveys <<<  collected together and harmonized in the SEDLAC database supplemented by surveys assembled in C\u00e1rdenas, de Hoyos and Sz\u00e9kely (2015). While this analysis is just a first cut at the data, it reveals 23", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from 238 household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ction, building norms and urban planning may not work well together or not even consider flood risks in their decisions.\n\nOur analysis of Malawi and Sweden \u2013 and the 115 other countries \u2013 is a first\u2010round estimate using  >>> globally open data <<< . It is a starting point for policy design and should be complemented by local studies (Aerts et al., 2014; Keating et al., 2014; Michel\u2010Kerjan et al., 2013). At the local or national level, for instance, the flood risks from the global model can be replaced by results from local", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "globally open data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "thJune2024arenotincludedin the</sup> Statement of Financial<sup>Assetssince the lineitemsareyet tobedrawninto the Exchequer Accountasa</sup> voted provision. \n\nBelow is the Special<sup>Deposit Account</sup><sup>**(SDA)** >>> movement schedule <<< ,whichshowsthe flow of funds voted</sup> in the year. These funds<sup>havebeenreportedas loans/grantsreceivedin theyear under the Statementof</sup> Receipts and Payments. \n\n#### Special Deposit<sup>AccountsMovementSchedule</sup> \n\n#### **(i) A/c DLI AF**<sup>**GRANTA/C1000715154*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "movement schedule", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ture and to \"pull\" only richer households into the nonfarm sector.\n\nThis paper proposes to clarify the impact of nonfarm income and unequal land distribution on rural income inequality by analyzing the results of a new,  >>> nationallyrepresentative household survey <<<  in Egypt. The paper seeks to make three contributions. First, it uses decomposition techniques to pinpoint the contribution of five different sources of rural income - including nonfarm income - to overall rural inequality. This is useful because few past studies have used disag", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationallyrepresentative household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ills that respondents have acquired, which in turn may lead to differential returns to these skills. We further corroborate our findings using data from a similar sample from Cambodia, which shares key features with the  >>> data from Pakistan <<< .\n\nOur results show that more schooling is associated with higher cognitive skills and, to a smaller extent, greater SEM skills.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from Pakistan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in Africa.\n\nTo partially address this limitation, we take advantage of the available time-series minerals prices data and use them as numeraires for minerals at the district level across countries over time. We thus use  >>> mineral prices data <<<  for the United States since 1900 available from USGS.<sup>16</sup> These price data are recorded in constant prices and annual average prices. As detailed in the empirical strategy, we use the constant prices to examine the main impacts of minerals\u2019 constant unit dollar values o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "mineral prices data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in Sudan, in 2010 in Azerbaijan, and in 1996-1998 in Angola.\n\nTo examine the relationship between oil and gas discoveries and arms imports I combine  >>> data on oil and gas discoveries <<<  from Horn (2011), updated by the World Bank, with arms imports data from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), as well as from the United Nations (COMTRADE). I estimate a panel covering 120 developing countries over 1990-2017, i.e. the post-Cold War years", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on oil and gas discoveries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Figure 7: Share of Workers Applying for Jobs in Only One Occupational Category by Main Occupation**\n\n**Choice**\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations using  >>> Babajob data <<< .\n\nNote: The analysis was conducted by excluding job seekers who applied for multiple jobs. Of 90,258 job seekers who submitted at least one job applications between January and December 2015, 88,098 (99%) submitted multiple applications.\n\nThe analysis also examined the relations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Babajob data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1.09 (women, India), 0.55 (men, India), 0.51 (women, China), and 0.26 (men, China) (see Table A3 in Bargain et al. (2009)). They use  >>> CHIP data <<<  from China and NSS data for India. Their estimates are at the national level, they do not present separate estimates for rural and urban areas. We discuss the\n\n8", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CHIP data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "equences on women. For example, they could have been relatively more impacted by this economic disruption because womens\u2019 labor force participation rates are higher than for men up until age 30 (this is confirmed in our  >>> pre-intervention census <<< ). Young women are especially reliant on self-employment, and were more exposed to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "pre-intervention census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt of a readiness and decision support tool for remote learning interventions; (ii) upgrading of e-cloud to enhance capacity to monitor the level of engagement regarding access to online resources; (iii) completion of a  >>> user satisfaction survey <<<  conducted in February and August/September 2021 which KICD is utilizing to improve the interactive online resources; (iv) development of 250 tips  to support parents and caregivers in remote learning approaches and needed support for learners at home; and (v) establishment of a ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "user satisfaction survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d on several sources, humanitarian aid to Jordan was $956 million in 2015 (with $351 million recorded under \u2018official aid\u2019), making it the third-largest recipient country for that year. The per capita amount is based on  >>> government figures <<<  for the total population including refugees. Jordan is, however, an outlier; for example, Iraq received $24 per person in the same year. Lattimer, C. and Swithern, S. (2017), _Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2017_ , Development Initiatives, https://reliefweb.int/sites/reli", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "government figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " available data the assessment of the education sector, indicators focusing on number of schools, teachers and number of total male and female students went to school in 2022/23 academic year is considered. According to  >>> data obtained from education office <<<  of Koye Feche Sub city, at total of 119 educational facilities ranging from kindergarten to High school were found in Koye- Feche sub city in 2022/23 academic year. Out of a total 119 schools in the sub city 53.8 percent of the facilities were owned by the public or Government, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data obtained from education office", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t, a longitudinal study of education in Pakistan (Andrabi, Das, and Khwaja 2022). In 2003, the LEAPS project randomly sampled 112 villages from three districts in the province of Punjab (from a list frame\n\n> 6 Using the  >>> Young Lives data <<< , Mitchell et al. (2020) find that individuals with higher task effectiveness skills are less likely to engage in risky behavior. Singh et al. (2018) show that psychosocial skills are positively correlated with progression through school. Das, Singh, and Yi Chang (2022) show that", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Young Lives data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "astructure in some locations in Lebanon where student demand exceeds available supply and bussing is not practical. \n\n12. **The assessment also concurred with the prioritization of the demand-side activities.** First, a  >>> recent survey <<<  confirmed that the greater the distance to school, the less likely children are to be enrolled; hence, support to transportation will make a difference (Alsharabati, Lahoud, and Nammour, 2016).  Second, working from recent evidence from the Lebanese context, it is clear that the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "recent survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ious concerns with regards to using the data as provided in the database. First, the source used for a particular year may not be representative with regards to geography, working age population, gender etc. Second, the  >>> source survey <<<  may have been conducted in a period that captures seasonal allocation of labor force rather than the usual allocation of labor across sectors. Both these factors are bound to interfere with estimation of sectoral gaps in productivity.\n\nThe challenge is to filter the spurious dat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "source survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conomic activities by workers and economic units that are \u2013 in law or in practice \u2013 not covered or insufficiently covered by formal arrangements_ \u201d (International Labour Conference, 2002, p. 53). Based on estimates from  >>> SAKERNAS <<< , Indonesia\u2019s informal economy accounted for an average of 36 percent of GDP between 2011 and 2019 (Hapsari, Yu, Pape, & Mansour, 2022) and nearly 75 percent of total employment in 2019 (Wihardja & Cunningham, 2021).<sup>2</sup> The latter figure is considerably higher than the s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SAKERNAS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the south by Dire Dawa, on the west by Erer woreda, on the north by the Afar region, on the east by Ayesha woreda, and on the southeast by Dambel woreda and Jigiga Zone. Adigale is the woreda capital. According to the  >>> CSA population projection <<<  (2017), Gablalu woreda has a total population of 92,086 (47,187 male and 44,899 female). Gablalu is almost completely a rural woreda having only 1212 urban residents out of the total population. \n\n# **Socio-economic description** \n\nGablalu woreda is a remote area with the UCs oc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CSA population projection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4 families compared to the 433,066 persons/70,792 families reported at end 2011. \n\nFollowing the conclusion of the IDP profiling exercise (accompanied by data cleaning), a total of **125,350 IDPs** were removed from the  >>> UNHCR Afghanistan IDP population database <<< . The removed caseloads are divided along the following lines, the South 29%, West 28%, North 20% East 15%, South-East 5% and in Central region 1%. This reduction is due to the re-verification undertaken in late 2011 through early 2012, which showed an absence of particular IDP g", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR Afghanistan IDP population database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hat retirement is often a gradual process: workers may reduce work hours at present employers, move to work arrangements requiring fewer hours per week or even transition in and out of retirement.<sup>18</sup> Using the  >>> US Health and Retirement Study <<<  (HRS), Gustman and Steinmeier (2000) find that twenty-two percent of the population reported being partially retired at some point, and that a fifth of the population had partially retired by age 65. Exits from employment, or the labor force, are also not always permanent: Gustm", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "US Health and Retirement Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tain to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) or technical barriers to trade (TBT). This compares to 645 measures \u2013 both export restrictions and import liberalization/facilitation \u2013 targeting food and medical products in the  >>> GTA data set <<< .<sup>9</sup>\n\n> 5 Note that the data do not include changes in health and safety standards applicable to the products concerned, i.e., sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade (product standards).\n\n> 6 The ITC considers overseas and autonomous territor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GTA data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "so, the  >>> tariff data <<<  cover only 43% of the entire sample for which trade and institutional data are available. This restriction hardly changes the overall representation of country-pairs in the panel. However, using tariff data the sample is\n\n> 23 We chose not to use the World Bank\u2019s \u201cGovernance Mat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "tariff data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "are not found in the poorest 40%.\n\nOn combining Tables 2 and 8, we can use equation (2) to infer the joint probabilities of being both undernourished and wealth-poor, Pr( _n_ \uf03c ,1 _w_ \uf03c )1 . The empirical values for the  >>> DHS data <<<  are given in Table 10. For underweight women and the poorest 20%, the joint probability is under 0.04 for 22 countries. The mean joint probability of a woman being underweight and living in the poorest 20% of households is only 0.03, rising to 0.06 for the poorest 40%. For child", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "exports account for at least 5 percent of their total exports based on  >>> data obtained from the United Nations Comtrade database <<< ; other countries are considered as coal importers.\n\nCurrent account surplus countries are identified as those having a positive median current account balance over the sample period; other countries are considered as current account deficit countries. Countries with larger servi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data obtained from the United Nations Comtrade database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "P a g e | **46** \n\n### **6.3 Reporting and Information Disclosure** \n\nThe country is leveraging the  >>> DHIS-2 <<<  to facilitate close to real-time collection, transmission, and analysis of the COVID-19 vaccination reports. The tool captures three key components of data, i.e., the vaccine stock chain, the vaccination data, and the AEFIs both as aggregate for all data components and individua", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHIS-2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "onstruct our measure of uncertainty in import clearance times, which covers unpredictable delays arising at any stage of the import process as discussed above, from vessel berthing to Customs clearance.<sup>15</sup> The  >>> WBES database <<<  provides quantitative and qualitative information on the characteristics of firms operating in the manufacturing and services sectors in developing countries; as well as the business environment they face (e.g. access to finance, regulations, taxes and trade costs). Surveys are ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WBES database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "try. The main data source is Bureau van Dijk\u201fs Bankscope, which provides information on statements of banks and their ownership structure.<sup>3</sup> To create time series information on the ownership of banks, we used  >>> Bankscope CDs <<<  starting from 1999 and Wharton Research Data Services (WRDS) for recent years. The CDs include snapshots of ownership structures in relevant years. In addition, we use various websites to classify the owner as private or state including Bankscope\u201fs online database, Factiva, Bank", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Bankscope CDs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of the informal sector during the late 1960s was probably equal to that of the other two sub-sectors combined. This conclusion is deduced from the figures provided in Table 7 where population figures are confronted with  >>> housing statistics <<<  as far as they are available. The formal private sector in fact provided only about 10% of the total need in the last year recorded (1972). \n\n14. The reason for the sudden increase in the activities of the informal private sector was not only the pressure of immigrants and the r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "housing statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of financial terms on new loans, and publication of DMS and ABP.\n\nThe index is standardized to have mean zero and unit variance in the sample of IDA countries to facilitate the interpretation of the results. Relying on  >>> cross sectional data of 74 IDA countries <<< , the role of different factors on debt transparency is estimated using the following equation: where Yij denotes the transparency level for country i in subregion j .<sup>11</sup> The matrix Xij includes the following set of determinants:\n\n- _Type of debt recording and managemen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross sectional data of 74 IDA countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Section 4 describes the econometric model, while 5 reports the corresponding empirical results. Section 6 concludes the paper.\n\n# **2 Data**\n\nThe empirical analysis in this paper combines and examines several sources of  >>> panel data <<<  from Portugal spanning the period 2006-2018. We provide a brief description of each data source in this section and give further details in Appendix A.3.\n\n**Employer-employee data** : _Quadros de Pessoal (QP)_ [Personnel Records] is a high-quality compulsory census run by the Mi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on-parametric method from Calonico et al. (2014). Units of observations are village heads in columns 1-2 and villages in columns 3-4. The dependent variable is: in column 1, a dummy equal to 1 if the village head in our  >>> survey data <<<  is a different individual from the incumbent competing in the most recent village election;", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " vaccination rates between the phone survey sample of households and the full nationally representative sample of households. However, respondent selection matters. In line with the results of Bradley et al. (2021) from  >>> online surveys <<<  in the United States, estimated vaccine uptake is significantly lower when taking into account respondent selection effects at the individual level (Figure 3). Moving 28", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "online surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " related services</u>** \n\nHIV and AIDS general prevalence rate is said to be low at 1 per cent, however the adult prevalence rate is at 2.1 per cent. This is a substantive increase from the zero per cent recorded in the  >>> Kenya Demographic Health Survey <<<  of 2003. \n\n### **4.1.3.6** **<u>Education</u>** \n\nThe County has 219 ECDE centres, 209 Primary Schools and 33 Secondary Schools and one Teachers Training College. There is one national polytechnic college (North Eastern National Polytechnic College) and three youth polytechnics ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya Demographic Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "have precipitated early marriages and increased the rate of teenage pregnancies, which pull girls out of school at high rates. Early dropouts due to the pandemic would have impacted lifetime earnings for these children.  >>> Mean yearly income data for 2015 <<<  shows that those having reached higher education make significantly more than those that have not. The average yearly wage for those with higher education was more than double the amount", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Mean yearly income data for 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he relatively stable State of East Darfur, which hosts over 500,000 IDPs including an estimated 317,870 people displaced from Khartoum and 127,620 people displaced from South Darfur, as well as \n\n> _1  Data available at  >>> Situation Sudan situation <<<  (unhcr.org), accessed on 2 October 2023._ \n\n> _2  Data concerning displacement to Libya extracted from DTM Sudan \u2013 Monthly Displacement Overview (01), accessed on 2 October 2023._ \n\n> _3  Data concerning internal displacement extracted from regular reporting provided by IOM DTM.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Situation Sudan situation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing the behavior of total inequality. As long as labor is the main, if not the only, asset of the poor, a better knowledge of earnings inequality is a valuable input for the assessment of poverty and welfare issues. The  >>> ENEU household survey <<<  is used to examine the behavior of earnings inequality because it is extremely rich in household characteristics (see Annex 1). The population under analysis is urban individuals between 16 and 65 years old working 20 hours a week or more (seasonal workers are excluded). The two", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENEU household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "numbers recorded along the pipeline<br>EOO is 1,809,654  2016). It has an estimated extent of occurrence of 1,809,654 km 2 . The area  corridor achieve the thresholds of triggering CH<br>km 2 of occupancy as measured by  >>> currently known records <<<  is 108 km 2 , but this<br>is likely to be a significant underestimate. Likewise, there are 20 locations<br>known but more are expected<br>10  Donella viridifolia  LC  Ditto   Ditto  Ditto  Tree is in the same taxa as (9) above  Ditto  Ditto<br>11  spike thorn or angle-stem  LC  ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "currently known records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cs covered by the conflict scan. \n\nTherefore, we could only partially assess the effectiveness of the discussion guides which limited our ability to adjust and thus to ensure that the relevant information was collected.  >>> quantitative data <<<  showed that data collectors require closer supervision while administering the survey on the ground in order to ensure consistency and soundness of the information collected. \n\nTo overcome such challenges, it is crucial to work with very experienced and conflict/context sensitiv", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quantitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " collected data on management practices. Following recent efforts to collect data on the management practices of public administrations (Rasul and Rogger, 2018; Rasul et al., 2018) we used a public sector version of the  >>> World Management Survey <<<  (WMS; Bloom and Van Reenen, 2007; Bloom et al., 2012) to elicit measures of the management practices under which public officials operate.\n\nof the underlying benchmark data, and then created the various measures outlined below. Taking this approach does not qualitatively change ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Management Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "m utilizing microfinance services either due to their relatively lowincome levels and lack of assets as collateral<sup>2</sup> .  Uganda has the highest proportion of women\u2019s business ownership in the Africa region. The  >>> 2020 Mastercard Global Index of Women Entrepreneurs <<<  estimated that women own nearly 40 percent of all businesses in Uganda<sup>3</sup> . Earlier surveys have presented more varied estimates, suggesting female-owned enterprises make up between 23\u201344 percent of all businesses. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are critica", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2020 Mastercard Global Index of Women Entrepreneurs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "between 1990 and 2001 and totaling over 1.2 millions individual observations. To illustrate the indices proposed in this paper, we picked the longest panels available including the  >>> German Socio-Economic Panel <<<  (SOEP, 1991-2000), the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS, 1991-2000), the Polish Household Budget Survey (PHBS, 1994-2000) and the Hungarian Household Budget Survey (HHBS, 19921997).<sup>4</sup> Data for Germany were further split into East and West Germany. This is because G", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "German Socio-Economic Panel", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "been favorable to female schooling. First, I use  >>> INSEC data <<<  on the total number of school destructions per district to test whether such destructions had an effect on primary schooling completion (Columns 1 and 2). For both genders I find a statistically insignificant effect, which is likely due to the fact that a district-level analysis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "INSEC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "GDP deflator and PriceStats inflation began to diverge substantially. The latter measure implies GDP in 2014 was overstated by 26 percent.\n\nFinally, an improved measure of productivity differentials is constructed using  >>> annual data <<<  following Ricci et al. (2008), measuring the ratio of real value added per worker in the agricultural sector vis-\u00e0-vis the nontradable sector in Argentina, relative to its main trade-weighted partners, excluding China.<sup>26</sup> We obtain data on value added and employment fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ture use. Differences between _PV_ and _DV_ due to stockpiling would be consistent with patientdriven demand, but may not occur in a long-run equilibrium where subsidies are permanent. We check for stockpiling using our  >>> home survey data <<< , where we cycled through the list of all medications purchased at the clinic and asked if the patient was currently taking the medication.<sup>31</sup> Appendix Table B13, column 2, shows that 94 percent of individuals who purchased ACTs for simple malaria at the clinic reported", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "home survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# 3.1. Business costs of infrastructure disruptions: Self-reported losses due to power outages\n\nThis section uses  >>> self-reported Enterprise Surveys data <<<  to compute the value of sales lost due to electricity disruptions in our sample. It then constructs a regression model to estimate the impact of power outage durations on these sales losses. Aggregating firm data from 138 mostly small- and middle-income countries accounting for ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "self-reported Enterprise Surveys data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss the crosscountry evidence followed by regional evidence and a detailed case study of Uganda.\n\n# Complex Relationship between Conflict and Poverty\n\n## Violence and Poverty: An Overview\n\nThere is a clear pattern in the  >>> cross-country data <<<  - the poorest countries are also the countries which suffer most from armed conflict. This broad cross-sectional correlation could be driven by a lot of different factors including geography and colonial origins which affect both the tendency for conflict and poverty.\n\nA first s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-country data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r themselves and <u>their families.</u> \n\n> 5 This emphasizes the government responsibility to provide security to the population. \n\n> 6 See DRC Intention Surveys for Melut POC site and Palioch school (October 2016) and  >>> MSF survey in Malakal POC <<<  (May 2016) where a large number express their intention to leave these locations. Also see UNHCR  Focus Group Discussion Report, Juba POCs, December 2016 and Bentiu Protection Cluster Report on new arrivals to Rubkona and POC, December 2016. \n\n> 7 See UNHCR Block Survey Report (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MSF survey in Malakal POC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " high concentrations of refugees, to facilitate refugees\u2019<br>integration and ease possible tensions with host communities.<br>WFP selected provinces and cantons on the basis of an in-depth<br>food security assessment, a  >>> market survey <<<  and the presence of<br>implementing partners, supermarkets and financial institutions.<br>WFP provided support to all categories of Colombians in ecuador,<br>i.e., refugees, asylum seekers and those who were not officially<br>admitted as refugees or asylum seekers. Poor ecuadori", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "market survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "model consists, in addition to the variable of interest, of four determinants of economic growth - initial income level, rates of physical and human capital accumulation, trade openness and institutional quality. We use  >>> data on income per capita from WDI <<< . To account for differences in human capital accumulation we use latest available data on years of schooling from Barro and Lee (2010).<sup>11</sup> We use M2 (as percent of GDP) as a proxy for financial development from WDI. Finally, we use a measure of Rule of Law from World G", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data on income per capita from WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uster, 4/2019). In 20% of the sites assessed in DTM it is reported that nobody has access to bathing and shower facilities. Less than half of sites have gender-segregated latrines and bathing facilities</mark> <u><mark>( >>> DTM R2 <<< , 4/2019).</mark></u> <mark>At new accommodation sites women are reported to be showering inside the latrines (Protection cluster, 4/2019). Recent research also shows that over 40% of women do not use latrines provided (CARE, 3/2019).</mark> \n\n<mark>The MRA further noted that alm", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DTM R2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "240|\n|Qadis|1,792|1,190|21|\n|Qala-e-Naw|12,289|8,510|0|\n|Total|44,566|30,571|9,504|\n\n# Description of OCHA data on displacement\n\nOCHA reports conflict-induced displacements for districts and provinces of Afghanistan.  >>> OCHA dataset <<<  additionally includes dates of displacement. According to OCHA, in 2020, there were 66 incidents (dates) of displacement in the Badghis province (Table A4). Table A4 presents summary statistics for conflict-induced IDPs based on displacement incidents (not comparable to IOM data", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OCHA dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e area and no body was accommodated in this way. Besides, it was impossible to see the impact of the displacement/dispossession of land on the income of the PAPs. This is due to the fact that the time lapsed between the  >>> socio economic survey <<<  (July 2008) and the time displacement started ( November 2007) falls within one income/agricultural season, i.e. less than a year period to see the income difference. \n\n#### **3.1. Demographic and Livelihood Issues** \n\nThe socio economic profile of the project-affected people ha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " where:\n\n- _L_ total workers in the firm\n\n\u03c6 is the marginal productivity of type A workers relative to type B By substituting (3) into (1), we obtain a non-linear production function from which we can estimate \u03c6 , using  >>> firm-level data <<<  on value added, capital, and the number of workers and type decomposition of the workforce. Similarly, the quality of labor is introduced into the wage equation: However, we want to test these relationships for more than two types of labor. The types of labor are characterized b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s used by many international development agencies (e.g., United Nations, USAID, UK FCDO) and also to maximize country coverage and ensure that our primary findings are valid for the world. The main source of data is the  >>> Global Monitoring Database <<<  (GMD), an internal World Bank archive of harmonized micro-level income and consumption survey data from 154 countries. (For details, see World Bank, 2020a, Appendix 1A.) In addition, we supplement the GMD survey data with household survey data from the Luxembourg Income Study (L", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Global Monitoring Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>7%<br>2024 2024<br>1%<br>2%<br>Russian 2023 3% 2023<br>Other<br>Male Female 0.3% 1%<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nNote: Some results do not add up to 100% due to rounding. \n\nNote: 2023 figures were sourced from the  >>> REACH 2023 MSNA <<< . \n\nRespondents could select multiple responses. \n\nNote: 2023 figures were sourced from the REACH 2023 MSNA. Respondents could select multiple responses. \n\nApproximately **85%** of respondents were **women** , and **15%** were **men** . The largest age group was 35-59 **(48% of r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "REACH 2023 MSNA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sign. University of Massachusetts, Amherst\u2019s Department of Civil Engineering also calculated the environmental flows using 30% of the Q95 probable monthly flow in 2016.  95 % dependable monthly flows are calculated from  >>> 14 years observed flow series <<<  at River Gauging Station (RGS) 3MA03 (39\u00b030\u201944\u2019\u2019 E, 3\u00b057\u201906\u2019\u2019S), which was located on Mwache River a few kilometers upstream of the proposed dam.  The Projected environmental flow release is shown in Table 4-5 \n\n**Table 4-5 : Projected Environmental Release from Mwache Dam** \n\n|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "14 years observed flow series", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing our sample period from Bloomberg. Only a small fraction of the de-listed firms (about 10 percent) actually raised capital through bonds or equity, and 90 percent of those firms that raised capital are covered in our  >>> SDC-Orbis matched data set <<< . The de-listed firms that raised funds in capital markets but that are not included in our data set represent in fact around 3 percent of the firms that raised capital and are included in our data set. Moreover, our SDC-Orbis matched data set covers only 23 percent of the de-lis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SDC-Orbis matched data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sons (IDPs) have sought refuge across Iraq and about half of those who have crossed governorate boundaries were settled in Iraqi Kurdistan.<sup>4</sup> Civilian casualties in Iraq have increased to close to 2007 levels ( >>> Iraq Body Count <<< ) as a result of the ongoing violence (Figure 2). The prevailing insecurity has severely affected oil exports from the north, adversely impacted trade and investment, led to the destruction of infrastructure and impeded the flow of goods and services across the country, leading t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Iraq Body Count", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Earnings and Education**\n\nThe issue of returns to education is of particular interest for Latvia, where the labor force is increasingly well-educated, as shown in Table 3. Earnings functions specifications using  >>> LFS 2002 <<<  are presented in Appendix Tables 24 and 25. These specifications account both for observable characteristics of individuals, and those of the firms in which they are employed. Appendix Table 24, however, does not control for occupation and plant size, while Appendix Table 25 doe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LFS 2002", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 17%<br>4<br>3 27% 29% 42%<br>2<br>50% 51%<br>1 42%<br>0<br>2006\u201309 2010\u201313 2014\u201317 LIC FCS LMIC<br>LIC FCS LMIC Primary Secondary Tertiary<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ World Bank calculations using UIS and  >>> IMF online databases <<< .\n\n_Note:_ World Bank income group classifications in 2017 are used to group countries and are as follows: LIC = low-income country, and LMIC = lower-middle-income country. FCS = country classified as a fragile and conflict-affected situation.\n\nThe lack of data on financing in fr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IMF online databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cted number of|\n|people living below the|\n|15% poverty line by more|\n|than 10%.<br>- Regional caseload will be<br>primarily redistributed<br>within the respective|\n|region (to new and existing|\n|woredas) according to<br> >>> poverty data <<< .<br>- Expansion will be planned<br>|\n|for a minimum of 70 new|\n|woredas. A new PSNP|\n|woreda is one where PSNP|\n|transfers have not<br>previously been distributed|\n|(and is therefore not a|\n|woreda resulting from a|\n|previous PSNP woreda|\n|splitting).<br>The plan will comprise<b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "poverty data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 48,806 females. This population comprised of 16,041 households. \n\n#### **6.4 Population Size and Composition** \n\nKinango Sub-County is sparsely populated with a population density of 58 people per Km<sup>2</sup> as per  >>> 2019 population and housing census <<< . The area is classified as rangeland and is less productive agriculturally but has potential for ranching and general livestock or wildlife husbandry. According to this most recent census, the County has a total population of 94,220 people with a poverty index of **_84.5%._** Mo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 population and housing census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mate the impacts of the trade shock caused by the civil war in C\u02c6ote d\u2019Voire on Mali and Burkina Faso, we utilize population census and satellite data sources. To detect sunk investment, we rely on built-up density from  >>> global human settlement data <<< , and the employment data come from population censuses. Agglomeration is measured by concentration of skilled (higher educated) labor, and the change in provision of electricity is captured by average night-light luminosity.\n\nPopulation censuses are available for 1996 and 2006 f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global human settlement data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "poorer households. Third, our classification of retailers as formal or informal overlaps with the \u2019traditional\u2019 versus \u2019modern\u2019 retail categories studied in the macro-development literature (Lagakos, 2016). By combining  >>> micro survey data <<<  from countries spanning a wide income range (from Burundi to Chile), we document stylized facts on consumption patterns across retailers and goods as households get richer, both within and across countries. Our database could be used in future research to test competing theories", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "micro survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Transparency International, the Political Risk Service, the International Risk Guide, and the Business International. Focusing only on the  >>> corruption ratings <<<  one should note a higher values go in line with lower corruption. We observe a highly positive correlation between the corruption ratings and the tax morale, including 19 countries (r=0.610, significant at the 0.01 level). In other words, a higher level of tax morale is correlat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "corruption ratings", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " village has at least one bureaucrat who reports having a parent who served in the village government. The dependent variable is: in column 1, a standardized index of local public service provision constructed using the  >>> 2021 Podes data <<< ; in column 2, a standardized index of access to local services constructed using our citizen survey data; and in column 3, a standardized index of service quality constructed using our citizen survey data. See Section 4 for details. * p _<_ 0.1, ** p _<_ 0.05, *** p _<_ 0.01. Ro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2021 Podes data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ers o f pupils being made to repeat P 6. While 759,220 pupils were in P 6 in 2005, only (434,580 (43%) registered for PLE in 2006. \n\nThe total number o f candidates for 2006 who registered for PLE are 434,580. Using the  >>> UBoS estimated population <<<  o f 12 years aged children o f 910,589, the resulting completion rate i s 47.7%. The Ministry has implemented the following actions in order to reduce drop-out, repetition, and hence completion rates. \n\n- a) Developed League tables showing performance o f districts on key indica", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UBoS estimated population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (though not absolutely necessary).\n\nType A grants are simply shared taxes with the higher level of government collecting and transferring some proportion of locally collected revenues to the local government. While the  >>> IMF Government Finance Statistics <<<  do not term shared taxes as grants, when the higher level of gov4rnment unilaterally sets the tax rates, defines the tax base, collects the tax and simply distribu;es the proceeds thereof to the local government In which the taxes were collected, the results are no different tha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IMF Government Finance Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series are used to estimate labor market indicators on more detailed groups (Ruggles et al. 2007). Because the 2005 data do not include detailed information on labor market outcomes,  >>> 2000 data <<<  are used instead as the initial year for these indicators. The analysis also relies on the absolute index of migratory intensity between Mexico and the United States in 2000\u201310 to capture emigration and immigration with respect to the United States, as well as the remittances re", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "2000 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "therefore, Morocco\u2019s exports remain insufficiently diversified and concentrated mainly on a limited number of low value\u2010added products. This lack of diversification is well illustrated also by formal indices such as the  >>> Index of Export Quality <<<  (IEQ) and the Economic Complexity Index (ECI).<sup>1</sup> In particular, Morocco has the lowest ECI among resource poor countries in MENA. In addition, only about 20 percent of the country\u2019s exports are integrated in global value chains (GVC) compared to around 30 percent for J", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Index of Export Quality", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pe d'analyse respectif. C'est-\u00e0-dire que l'ensemble de la population des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s du camp de Mbera ainsi que l'ensemble de la population des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes d'int\u00e9r\u00eat sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s puisque les donn\u00e9es proviennent du  >>> recensement du registre social national <<< . En cons\u00e9quence, il n'y a pas d'\u00e9chantillonnage et donc pas besoin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "recensement du registre social national", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al trade. He concludes that regional lockdowns could <mark>still reduce aggregate trade, but only if they were exceptionally stringent and implemented in an economically important province such as Shanghai.</mark> Using  >>> data for 64 countries <<< , Bonadio et al (2021) document a large contraction of economic activity (an average 29.6% drop of GDP) during the pandemic. But only a small fraction of this contraction (ca. 23%) can be attributed to foreign shocks that are intermediated through final and intermediate goods tra", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for 64 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "included 1,951 small businesses operating out of a physical structure in and around Cape Town, South Africa.\n\nIn stage two, we used the data collected in the  >>> screening survey <<<  to further narrow our sampling frame. This screening stage involved ranking businesses based on questions covering formal education levels, years in business operation, formal registration status, motivation and commitment, as well as several interviewer impression questions eva", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "screening survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd confirm the main analysis.\n\nFinally, the study investigated the association of domestic violence with the (potentially endogenous) _individual_ unemployment status of the woman and her partner, using questions in the  >>> DHS <<<  that ask whether the individual worked in the last 12 months. This acts as a consistency check on the main analysis. A caveat is that male unemployment is measured poorly in the DHS data \u2013 it is collected in only 18 of our 31 countries<sup>34</sup> , and even where it is collect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erving new leaders may also be more skilled at securing government transfers. In Appendix Table A.13, we explore how turnovers impact transfers received by a subset of villages (423 out of 512) for which we could obtain  >>> administrative data on Village Funds Allocations <<<  (known by the Indonesian acronym ADD), a type of transfer allocated by district governments to fund staff salaries, benefits, and village operations. We find no evidence that turnovers affect the amount of ADD funds allocated or utilized (columns 1\u20132) or the share of funds spent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data on Village Funds Allocations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "by _Aeschynomeneela phroxylon_ and _Mimosa pigra_ for woody species and they can be found close to wetlands in Lira, Nwoya, and Oyam districts. _Vitellaria paradoxa_ (shea butter tree), a species listed as vulnerable on  >>> IUCN\u2019s red-list <<< , was found in this habitat type and is sparsely distributed within the project corridor. \n\n\n\n\n\nWooded Grassland \n\n###### **Wetlands:** \n\nWetlands can be found along the banks of the Victoria Nile or along other watercourses and in seasonally inundated areas. Flooding frequency a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IUCN\u2019s red-list", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "% of the population in our scenarios.\n\nTo account for development, we use  >>> DHS data <<<  to explore the relationship between household income and exposure to diarrhea. We find a threshold at $15,600 per year, and we assume that only households with income below this level are affected by impact of climate change on diarrhea.\n\nFurther, we assume that fast progress in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ort this view (though based on a smaller, selected, sample of countries than will be studied in this paper). To re-examine the relationship between growth and changes in inequality, I created 290 \u201cspells\u201d defined by two  >>> household surveys <<<  for a given country with more than one observation for most countries; there are about 80 countries represented, spanning 1980-2000.<sup>3</sup> I then compared the changes in the Gini index with the changes in the survey mean (in real terms, using local CPIs). Figure 1 gives a ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ents in children, these questions are asked only for children born in a few years preceding each survey and there are no pre-ultrasound data on investments.<sup>20</sup> For this reason, we utilize the 1999 round of the  >>> Rural Economic and Demographic Survey <<<  (REDS) that reports data on health investments for all children alive at the time of survey to analyze effects on health investments.<sup>21</sup> For the mortality and postnatal health specifications (presented in the next section), we pool all births of the surveyed women to c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Rural Economic and Demographic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " determinant. **Relevance of PA5: Satisfactory (S); PA6: Satisfactory (S).** \n\n**PDO2** : **Strengthening operational efficiency in the electricity sector while placing Kenya on a green energy path** \n\n**PA7** drew on a  >>> 2018 cost of service study <<<  to support cost pass-through measures that would make a major direct contribution to remedy KPLC\u2019s deteriorating financial situation by addressing the failure to recover the full cost of service due to delayed tariff reviews (PD1 para. 4.18 and Table 4). The sub-action to provid", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2018 cost of service study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "villages)**|200|200|200|200|200|200|\n\n**Notes:** All data comes from the  >>> Village Leaders Survey <<< , collected in October 2015. The between group variation reported in Column 2 is computed through a one-way ANOVA analysis of the dependent variable across districts. For each measure of disruptions, Columns 3 through to 6 report estimated coefficients on assignment to treatment ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Village Leaders Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th a decline in corporate investment and R&D. Crowding-out of private investment due to high public debt is also shown in Huang, Pagano, and Panizza (2017), with data for China, and Panizza, Huang, Varghese (2018), with  >>> firm- and industry-level data across 69 countries <<< . They find that the negative relationship between public debt and private investment reflected tightening credit constraints.\n\n# 5. Debt: How much is too much?\n\nWeighing these benefits and costs of debt, the literature has attempted to identify how much debt is \u201ctoo much\u201d\u2014a thre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm- and industry-level data across 69 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **7. Conclusion**\n\nUsing a unique new  >>> dataset on World Bank adjustment loans <<<  that supported financial sector reform from 1992 to 2003, we offer evidence that borrowing countries did better than non-borrowers on multiple measures of banking sector development including M2/GDP, interest spreads, and Cash/M2. These results are found in both panel regression", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "dataset on World Bank adjustment loans", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r hump-shaped relationship. Chatterjee and Vogl (2018) expand this analysis to study the interaction between fertility and growth since 1950, combining microeconomic data on the birth histories of 2.3 million women from  >>> 255 household surveys <<<  with macroeconomic data on economic growth. Their findings indicate that fertility responses to economic fluctuations vary depending on the duration of the economic shift and the life cycle stage at which it occurs. Specifically, fertility is procyclical with annual fluctuations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "255 household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">\n\nFigure 1: Selected indicators from the  >>> results monitoring surveys for refugees and asylum seekers 2022 <<< . \n\nAccess to health is high, except for Zambia with 24% of access rate as illustrated in the chart. Access to adequate and reasonable priced dwellings remains the biggest challenge for refugees and asylum seekers across the region, except in South Africa with a rate standing at ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "results monitoring surveys for refugees and asylum seekers 2022", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|exclude tr|ansportat|ion equipme|nt.||||||||\n\n1HIEuro is comprised of the following high income European nations: Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Source: Authors' calculations based on WITS,  >>> UN COMTRADE database <<< .\n\n25 Yepes (2008) presents an estimate of about US$1.1 billion dollar in 2005 constant US dollars. These estimates are based on the methodology presented in Fay and Yepes (2003), which uses predicted GDP growth to estimate the demand for infrastructure services. This may be cons", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UN COMTRADE database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rtedly include explosive remnants of war, gunfire, airstrikes, shelling and improvised explosive devices; see UNSMIL, _Human Rights Report on Civilian Casualties_ , available at: https://bit.ly/2n7tgXu. According to the  >>> Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project <<<  (ACLED), 1,654 people were killed in 2017. The highest numbers of casualties were recorded in the provinces of Benghazi, Sirte and Tripoli; Austrian Centre for Country of Origin and Asylum Research and Documentation (ACCORD), _Libya, Year 2017: Update on Incidents According to t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>D3<br>D4<br>2010 16.5% 14.7% 13.8% 13.0% 11.3% 9.8% 7.4%6.3%4.5% 2.8% D5<br>D6<br>D7<br>D8<br>D9<br>0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% D10<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: authors\u2019 own computation with  >>> data from CEDLAS and The World Bank <<<  (2015) 10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from CEDLAS and The World Bank", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ent and more employment opportunities, China\u2019s western and interior regions also experienced a rise in the migrant population during the first decade of the 21st century (Liang, et al. 2014). For more recent trends, the  >>> RCRE data <<<  show that Guangdong, Hubei, Shannxi, Liaoning, and Jiangxi have experienced the largest intra-provincial migration movements over the period 2009-2017. In sum, the coastal and eastern regions remain the major destinations for inter-provincial migrants, while the increase in the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RCRE data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "activity and other functions|196|383|449|\n|Family of two adults and two children - Including physical activity and other functions|690|1,349|1,581|\n\n_Source: Own estimates based on  >>> EC reference food baskets <<< , official Food CPI estimates, and a 2015 exchange rate of 0.5114 EUR/BGN._\n\n**While significantly less restrictive, the new income eligibility thresholds resulting from the reform are still below the Bulgarian food basket for all household types; this means that Bulgarian famili", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EC reference food baskets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "age at the country level, indicated as vector _Xi_ . We also include the month fixed effects _\u03b4t_ to control for seasonality as well as global macro conditions in this panel regression specification. Notably, we use the  >>> GDP per capita and other indicators <<<  from 2022 or the most recent available data prior to 2022. This selection is driven by data availability and aims to mitigate reverse causality where the widespread adoption of generative AI adoption might influence key economic indicators, such as GDP per capita and exports of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "GDP per capita and other indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 100%<br>.5 1<br>0 0<br>-.5 -1<br>Inconme Gains (%) Inconme Gains (%)<br>-1 -2<br>4<br>2<br>0<br>Inconme Gains (%)<br>-2<br>-4<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Author estimations, based on the IHS 2012-2016 and  >>> HIES 2017 <<< . _Notes:_ Deciles are created based on per capita household consumption.\n\n# (B) Reduced Medical Expenses\n\n<u>Figure 4</u> plots the effects of reducing out-of-pocket medical expenses after the tax-induced price increase in cigarettes", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y limit incomeearning opportunities in agriculture.\n\nThe Gini coefficient of percapita income for the sample is: 0.532. On the one hand, this Gini is quite a bit higher than the Gini (0.321) which can be calculated from  >>> per capita expenditure data <<<  for the sample. On the other hand, since income data include savings, it is natural to expect that the Gini coefficient of income will be higher than that for expenditure. Moreover, the Gini coefficient of income from this study seems well within the range of income Ginis record", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "per capita expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "food voucher benefit on a monthly basis. \n\n14. The NPTP will provide a file of eligible beneficiaries (Household Registry Statement) once or twice a month to WFP based on the agreed on criteria between NPTP and WFP. The  >>> Household Registry statement <<<  includes the NPTP household registration number, the family size, the date of birth of the family head, gender of the household head, and relevant distribution SDC. The NPTP beneficiary file is imported into", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Registry statement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : World Bank staff calculation using  >>> BLSS 2017 <<< .\n\nSource: World Bank staff calculation using BLSS 2017 for Bhutan. See references section for estimates for other countries. Pensions are treated as deferred income.\n\nHowever, the net fiscal system leads to a small increase in poverty as of 2017. The $3.20 poverty rate (in 2011 ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "BLSS 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5.0%|119|5.6%|\n|Zimbabwe|2005|60|82||\n||2010|57<br>1.0%|84|-0.5%|\n|Average||3.6%||4.2%|\n\nSource: Demographic and Health Survey website\u2018s STATcompiler tool, supplemented by figures from  >>> DHS reports <<<  for the most recent surveys, which are not yet accessible via STATcompiler. See References section for details. All figures correspond to the 5-year period prior to the survey. For surveys covering multiple years, the first year is recorded as the survey year.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " development studies and public health have established a relationship between women\u2019s responses on joint decision making patterns and IPV. Coleman and Straus (1986) provide the first evidence of this relationship using  >>> data on US couples <<< . While the authors expected that families making decisions jointly would have the highest degree of conflict, they found the opposite. Kim and Emery (2003) replicate their study in the Korean population and encountered similar results. Hindin and Adair (2002) use the Philippines", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on US couples", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " compensation<br>Assistance<br>in<br>the<br>compensation<br>payment procedure<br>Resettlement near to kin and former<br>neighbors to maintain informal support<br>networks where feasible|Identified<br>through<br>final<br> >>> census survey <<<  based on<br>agreed vulnerability criteria<br>relevant to Project.|Special assisted transit to<br>new land;<br>Additional moving, loading<br>and unloading assistance, if<br>necessary;<br>Other<br>specific<br>support<br>related to moving process<br>(e.g. medical assistance)<br>ide", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 9463\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis study aims to provide a quantitative and integrated analysis of long-term structural transformation and labor productivity growth in Malaysia. Using  >>> data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia <<<  from 1987 to 2018 and decompositions that take account of the static and dynamic efficiency gains from labor reallocation, it documents that Malaysia has undergone structural transformation from an agriculture-driven to a services-driven economy. However, in contrast to common p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the Department of Statistics Malaysia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "farm employment, education and household consumption. Column (1) shows that while having a literate member in the household increases per capita monthly consumption by almost 7 percent, the presence of a member\n\n> 9 The  >>> consumption data <<<  obtained through the NSS survey rounds are used to construct state-specific poverty line thresholds corresponding to each round. Households with monthly per capita consumption less than this threshold are classified as below the poverty line or BPL.\n\n20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "exception of Model 2 using the  >>> 1991/92 data <<<  where the \"female\" dummy in the non-farm equation is not significant (perhaps due to the inclusion of the dependency ratio for females only, discussed below). The participation patterns of members residing in female-headed households is not clear from Model 3; the inclusion of t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "1991/92 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "it, both effects are stronger for youth and the elderly. The difference in probabilities of exiting the labor force is about 0.03 between the sexes and 0.02 between the Latvians and non-Latvians. Note, however, that the  >>> 2002 Latvian Labor Force Survey <<<  documents that exit from employment to nonparticipation is linked to discouragement in only 7 percent of cases.\n\n**Regional effects.** Appendix Figure 14 compares the probability of making transitions to unemployment across regions. For prime-age workers in the Riga region, Zemg", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2002 Latvian Labor Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e, almost a quarter thinks that women should be banned from the kitchen/shrine during menstruation or justifies VAW in cases of unfaithfulness.\n\n# **4.2 Take-up rates and objective compliance**\n\nPanel B of Table 1 shows  >>> viewership statistics <<<  of the media campaigns for the full baseline sample. The data suggests that the drama (treatment 1) and placebo movie experienced higher viewership rates compared to the documentary (treatment 2), potentially due to their higher entertainment content. While 65% of treatment 1 vi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "viewership statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " third \n\n> **12** Swedish Migration Court of Appeal, caseno. UN23-06, 26 February 2007. \n\n> **13** In order to compare countries, the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) GDP is considered (Source: International Monetary Fund,  >>> World Economic Outlook Database <<< , April 2009). Source for national population:", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Economic Outlook Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lenge for both project workers and community workers. Without adequate security measures in place, project workers may face increased risks of theft, vandalism, or physical harm while carrying out their duties. Based on  >>> FGD <<<  at community and project workers, feels as vulnerable and unsafe without the presence of security personnel to ensure their well-being and protect property used. The requirements for security assessments and reporting require diligent labor and a committed individual to gather s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FGD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ",000|8.5|\n|15,000|12.1|\n|> 15,000 but < 20,000|5.2|\n|20,000|27.8|\n|> 20,000 but < 30,000|2.6|\n|30,000|3.2|\n|> 30,000|3.6|\n|Memo: Mean loan size (baht)|15,790|\n|Memo: Standard deviation of loan size(baht)|8,335|\n|Source:  >>> Thailand Socio-Economic Survey 2009 <<< ||\n\n*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Thailand Socio-Economic Survey 2009", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uantitative data for this study with analyses of the 2006 Enqu\u00eate L\u00e9g\u00e8re Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e Aupr\u00e8s des M\u00e9nages (ELIM) and Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for 2006, respectively. As one way to get at these issues with existing  >>> household level data <<< , Section 3 first examines female headed households and whether they are poorer than male headed households and under what circumstances. This leads me to focus on a specific shock, namely widowhood. Section 4 first addresses the possibility of selection into widowhood and presen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "quality**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|P1: Social inclusion|Linear|Linear|Linear|\n|P2:Resilience|Quadratic (U)|Linear|Linear|\n|P3: Social cohesion|Quadratic (U)|Linear|Linear|\n|P4:Processlegitimacy|Linear|Linear|Linear|\n\nSource:  >>> Social Sustainability Global Database <<<  2022.\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Social Sustainability Global Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "imulation Model**\n\nA micro-simulation model in the spirit of Chen and Ravallion (2004) is developed to examine the poverty implications of the trade liberalization scenarios analyzed. The model relies upon data from the  >>> 2002-03 Mozambican Household survey <<< , known as IAF 2002-03 (INE 2004). The survey provides detailed information on consumption patterns 9", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2002-03 Mozambican Household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " correlationship between the pavement performance rating and percentage area failed of individual road sections, and has thus been able to evaluate potential benefits of different sections on the basis of their recorded  >>> pavement performance rating statistics <<< . \n\n5.03 The two sections of the Nairobi-Mombasa road included in the project are among those that are accorded **a** high priority under this system of assessment. Economic returns based on a-. evaluation of the above benefits are estimated at 14% for the Nairobi Airport Turnoff", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "pavement performance rating statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tilt toward the poor, and indeed this is what we find, with a ratio of 1.68 (poor borrowers per non-poor borrower) in rural Thailand. This latter measure was obtained by matching the 2009 SES data with the data from the  >>> 2010 VF survey <<<  and the 2009 Community Survey, which was possible only in rural areas.\n\nA first cut at the data may be seen in Table 23, which uses household data from the socio-economic surveys of 2009 and 2010 to map VF borrowing by expenditure per capita quintile. Poorer households are more ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2010 VF survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conds grids (approximately 450 meters at the equator) compared to the 30 arcseconds of DMSP. The VIIRS coverage spans from 75N latitude to 65S around the entire globe, meaning that all of Southeast Asia is included. The  >>> VIIRS data <<<  have also seen usage in the economics and disaster literature. Firstly, Chen and Nordhaus\u2019s (2015) analysis finds promising results for VIIRS as an economic and population indicator, also when comparing to the DMSP product. Secondly, Zhao, et al. (2018", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VIIRS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion<sup>17</sup> .\n\nTo compare firm level annual shipments with product level annual shipments (reported in Comtrade), the former are aggregated by product, year and destination. This procedure allows observing that the  >>> Tanzanian firm level datasets <<<  reports from 87 to 100 percent (depending on the year considered) of the exports recorded in Comtrade at the product level. For this reason, it is not necessary to clean or reduce the database.\n\nFor the analysis, the firm\u2019s price is proxied by the fob unit value of every annual ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Tanzanian firm level datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of Global total)<br>25%<br>1,000<br>Annual % growth<br>20%<br>800<br>15%<br>600<br>10%<br>400<br>200 5%<br>0 0%<br>1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008<br>Source: World Bank GDF and  >>> WDI central database <<<  Sep 2009<br>Billions<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **Terms and Definitions**\n\nAs we begin our discussion, some clarifications on the terms and definitions would be helpful. In particular, we need to differentiate between the various types of economic zones and industrial cl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WDI central database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "human capital of girls.\n\nTo overcome that, we also use  >>> household surveys <<<  to estimate changes at the individual level. The research design for this approach follows for the most part the same identification strategies and assumptions as the school-level analysis. However, the richness of information of the household-level data, as compared to school c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "destruction on educational attainment is the destruction of schools whereas malnutrition is partly behind the estimated impact on health. Minoiua and Shemyakina (2014) use  >>> survey data <<<  and information on the dates and locations of conflict events to examine the causal impact of the 2002\u20132007 Ivorian conflict on child health. They find that children from conflict-affected regions suffered significant health setbacks and that victimization in the form of economi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(that is, the data underpinning Figure 2.1); the right panel compares the _LAYS_ estimates that follow from the two approaches. Kaarsen\u2019s approach suggests that there are larger differences across countries in\n\n> 24 The  >>> data for Grades 3 and 7 <<<  were made available to him as a result of personal communication with the IEA, the organization that produces TIMSS.\n\n> 25 According to Kaarsen\u2019s calculations, the average TIMSS test-score gain in math at the secondary level is 29.4 points, and in science at the secondary level ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data for Grades 3 and 7", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ISight<br>Impairment|Amputee|landless<br>1household|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Farta|10|1|2|1|12|\n|Ebinat<br>-|i<sup>4</sup><br>I|1|||0<br>!<br>i<br>I|\n\n\n\n-. \n\n~~Source:  >>> Household Survey <<< . 2008~~ \n\nIn Farta and Ebinat Woreda, there are ten and four cases of old age household heads respectively. Two heads of household are visually impaired in Farta, one \n\nEthiopian Nile Irrigation and Drainage Project \n\n15", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ity if poorer workers are less likely to report being out of work due to the nature of their employment.\n\nAdditionally, work stoppages only consider the extensive margin of employment impacts. Data from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Business Pulse Surveys <<<  suggest that firms have been more likely to reduce work hours, reduce wages, and/or grant paid or unpaid leave: Two-thirds of businesses in the sample made adjustments to their payroll, but only about one in five actually fired workers (Freund and Pesme, 2021). As a result, thos", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Business Pulse Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|For free (donation)|0.6|0.91|1gen2012\u201331dec2012|0.53|0.73|\n|For rent|0.54|0.67|1gen2013\u20131nov2013|0.55|0.67|\n|Other (describe)|0.53|0.89|After 1nov2013|0.61|0.63|\n|Owned|0.46|0.78||||\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "old consumption expenditure per capita as the living standards indicator. Data are from the Household Consumer Expenditure modules of the 61st and 68th rounds of National Sample Surveys of India, hereafter identified as  >>> NSS 2004\u201305 <<<  and NSS 2011\u201312. These surveys were conducted between July 2004 and June 2005 and between July 2011 and June 2012, respectively (NSSO 2005, 2012). They report household consumption information on an itemized form. We use monthly consumption based on the mixed recall period and d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSS 2004\u201305", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "en remittances and capital inflows, making it possible to examine the economic impact of the two variables combined.\n\n# **_1. Reliance on Inflows and Transfers in Modern Lebanon: A View through National Accounts_**\n\nThe  >>> National Accounts of Lebanon <<<  reflect the strong impact of the war on the Lebanese economy in terms of reduction in productive capacities and structural reliance on foreign inflows. Through extensive destruction of capital, the war reduced the productive capacities of the economy and increased the reliance o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Accounts of Lebanon", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the Syrian Arab Republic and** \n\n**(4)** This figure includes five million Palestinian refugees registered with the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA). **(5)** Source:  >>> Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre <<< . **(6)** Idem. \n\nUNHCR Global Trends 2013 **5**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al context for and support of the general findings of the post closing assessment and the end-user surveys conducted for FSP in that the findings of all of these assessments are in general agreement.  In particular, the  >>> longitudinal surveys <<<  showed that the food insecure areas in which the FSP beneficiary households were located were subjected to a variety of severe shocks (e.g., drought, food price increases) over the project life, which might have been \n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "longitudinal surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "also show that higher start-up costs have a significant positive relationship with innovative entrepreneurship, arguing that reduction of entry costs may increase the number of firms. Jerbashian and Kochanova (2016) use  >>> industry-level data <<<  and World Bank\u2019s Doing Business indicators for 14 OECD countries to demonstrate that high costs of starting a business and registering property decrease investments in information and communication technologies, while the strength of legal rights and of minority investor protect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "industry-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ensing based<br>in the past, largely as a result of failing to control for external factors, the meth<br>'counterfactual' for comparison will incorporate best practices and state of the<br>modeling index values based on  >>> remote-sensed data <<< . To avail of improvement<br>underlying methods and benchmark statistical model may be updated during t<br>appropriate.<br>g an increase in LSWI correcting for climate effects (Percentage, Custom)|activity and vegetation<br>in land productivity,<br>roved absorptive and<br>tral", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "remote-sensed data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "regressions of several observable characteristics, recentered by subtracting their year and state mean, on the point scores. **Figure 5** shows these graphs for the survey data, while **Figure 6** contains those for the  >>> environmental data <<< . In neither case do we observe substantial visual discontinuities in key observable environmental and social characteristics. Parametric tests of discontinuity for these same covariates generally confirm the visual inspection. These tests are presented in **Tables 3a and 3b** fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "environmental data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "djustment costs, which is standard in DSGE literature. We also include the friction _`a la Calvo_ in the prices and wages setting as in Christiano et al. (2005) and Kopoin et al. (2013). The model is calibrated from the  >>> Uganda data <<<  and includes various exogenous shocks as well as various fiscal policy regimes.\n\n## **2.1 Households**\n\nThe economy is composed of a continuum of infinitely-lived households of mass 1. Households obtain utility from consumption _ct_ , which is produced by domestic firms, and rec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " needed to fulfill the conditionality of _Oportunidades_ transfers.\n\n> 7The experiment was implemented in eight states: Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Quintana Roo, Tabasco, Veracruz, and Yucatan.\n\n> 8Based on the  >>> household survey data <<< , 76 percent of respondents attended a class in the in-kind villages assigned to receive classes and 69 percent attended a class in the in-kind villages assigned to not receive classes. In both cases, average attendance was roughly four classes over the course of the program. Fur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ds, land degradation is a multi-faceted crisis that has been accelerated by the large refugee population. As the fourteenth most vulnerable country in the world to climate change, with a ranking of 155 out of 188 on the  >>> ND-GAIN index <<< , urgent action is required to improve agricultural productivity and reduce dependence on firewood for cooking. \n\n## **C. Proposed Development Objective(s)** \n\nTo improve access to basic social and economic services, expand livelihood opportunities and enhance environmental manag", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ND-GAIN index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Two \n\nThe participants interviewed noted the impact of the project on facilitating mobility and movement for women, many of whom had never before left the confines of their homes without male relatives. Husbands in the  >>> FGDs <<<  claimed that after the project, they trusted their wives to leave the home alone as needed. \n\nFurthermore, both the women and their husbands consulted noted that economic gains from the FSUP project helped them feel lifted out of extreme poverty. They no longer identified themse", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FGDs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Ongoing support to the Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development and other agencies supported by the Wealth Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services Program is also improving the collection and use of  >>> statistics on Uganda\u2019s natural capital <<<  for national economic planning. Data from this work have been used to inform the design of this operation. More broadly, the World Bank has been a long-standing partner in Uganda\u2019s water, agriculture, energy, tourism, and environment sectors. \n\n71. **Close consultations and enga", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistics on Uganda\u2019s natural capital", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ith encampment policies traditionally having the highest populations of refugees on the African continent. \n\n77 There are implications and drawbacks in relation to this methodological approach. For example, according to  >>> UNHCR Statistical 2010 Yearbook <<< , 10<sup>th</sup> Edition (which the sample was selected from), Zambia only had settlements and was therefore not included in the sample (UNHCR 2011a). By 2015 however, UNHCR had revised their categorisation and noted Zambia had 3 camps (UNHCR, 2015a). This is more in line with a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR Statistical 2010 Yearbook", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Figure A.1 Employment Rates by Age Cohort in China: Cohort Averages from the  >>> Population Census <<<  and One Percent Population Sample**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n1.0 1.0<br>Urban Male Urban Female<br>0.8 0.8<br>0.6 0.6<br>0.4 0.4<br>0.2 0.2<br>1990 2000 2005 1990 2000 2005<br>0.0 0.0<br>1.0<br>1.0<br>Rural Male Rural Female<br>0.8 0.8<br>0.6 0.6<br>0.4 0.4<br>1990 2000 2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Population Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0 60 80 100<br>Share of population living in extreme poverty<br>Linear fit Share<br>100<br>80<br>60<br>40<br>20<br>Share of population covered by social protection<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : ASPIRE ( >>> Atlas of Social Protection <<<  Indicators of Resilience and Equity) database, World Bank. <u>https://www.worldbank.org/en/data/datatopics/aspire.</u> There is considerable diversity in the size and administrative design of the programs. Some are larger in size and have highly centralized management (e.g., Pro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Atlas of Social Protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Support Operation (P123531) \n\n\n\n|Value|68.00<br>68.00|84.00<br>86.00|\n|---|---|---|\n|Date|--<br>04-Dec-2018|24-Apr-2019<br>--|\n|**Comments**|Baseline data from 2012 HMIS Data Quality Assessment<br>and current data from  >>> 2018 SARA report <<< .|(DQA) Report,  previous data from 2014 HMIS DQA|\n\n\n\n\u25baDLI 7 Development and implementation of Annual Rapid Facility Assessment (restructured-DLI- 7c) (Process, 10,950,000.00, 0%) \n\n||Baseline|Actual (Previous)|Actual (Current)|N/A|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|No|No|Yes|Yes|\n|Da", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2018 SARA report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "In Transit MOWI<br>-|-|-|\n|Foreign exchange differences|-|-|\n|Total service charge<br>CLOSING BALANCE AT 30 JUNE 2013<br>-<br>-|-<br>-|112<br>-|\n\n\n\n1 \n\n! e cumulative figures have been reconciled and agree to the Bank's  >>> Loan/Grants records <<<  as per Client Connection. The information used to prepare this Statement is obtained from Statement ct special Account Activity prepared and signed by Treasury and Central Bank of ._nya", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Loan/Grants records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " by widespread unemployment and income loss, testing the households\u2019 ability to pay to keep students in school given that high costs were the leading reason respondents cited for non-attendance in a 2015/16 Basic Report  >>> Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey <<<  (KIHBS). Third, poor and vulnerable households would be less able to pay for educational inputs and school meals potentially exacerbating the supply-side shocks from school closures and (later) reduced school quality. Fourth, mental health was likely to suffer as well from fear ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the fact that households also need to pay for food and other essentials besides electricity throughout the year.\n\nAfter excluding observations based on the income criteria and after matching household survey data to the  >>> administrative data <<< , the final sample contained 7,615 billing-cycle level observations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|25.9|4.4|2.9|2.7|0.3|9.8|10.3|5.7|\n|8|30.4|27.7|3.5|2.9|2.7|0.2|9.5|9.6|6.3|\n|9|27.7|25.5|2.9|2.5|2.4|0.2|9.2|9.3|5.5|\n|10|31.4|30.4|1.5|2.2|2.2|0.1|7.1|7.1|4.2|\n|All|27.6|23.7|4.8|2.8|2.4|0.4|10.3|10.3|7.9|\n\n_Source:_  >>> Household Income and Expenditure Survey <<<  (HIES) 2017 and World Development Indicators (WDI). _Notes:_ Deciles are created based on household per capita consumption, based on the ECAPOV harmonized aggregate by the World Bank. Households are classified as \u201csmoker\u201d if they report positive expenses in tobacco products. Con", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Income and Expenditure Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ai and Floods \n\nAPRIL 2019 \n\n|LITERACY RATE(%)|TOTAL|MALE|FEMALE|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**15\u201324years**|70.5|79.1|62.3|\n|**15 years and older **|56.0|70.8|43.1|\n|**65 years and older **<br>UNCESCO 2015|26.0|46.3|8.8|\n\n\n\nThe  >>> DHS data <<<  from Mozambique further shows that improving access to education for girls, particularly following the completion of primary school, can be an important determinant of the use of health facilities (or at least correlates with facility use). Higher levels of education for mothers", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Chatterjee and Vogl (2018) expand this analysis to study the interaction between fertility and growth since 1950, combining microeconomic data on the birth histories of 2.3 million women from 255 household surveys with  >>> macroeconomic data <<<  on economic growth. Their findings indicate that fertility responses to economic fluctuations vary depending on the duration of the economic shift and the life cycle stage at which it occurs. Specifically, fertility is procyclical with annual fluctuations, particularly among wom", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "macroeconomic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bution of savings across income levels is hard to obtain from expenditure surveys, especially in developing countries where income is hard to measure. To assess how savings could affect our results, we use data from the  >>> US Consumer Finance Survey <<< , in which savings rates range from 0% for the poorest households to 15% for the richest quintile.<sup>32</sup> Results are presented in Table A6: allowing for distributional savings decreases the progressivity of all scenarios, as expected, but our main findings are unchanged.\n\n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "US Consumer Finance Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ure text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Romania Turkey<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Albania<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Trade as reported to the UN COMTRADE database and  >>> population data from WDI <<< .\n\nIn fact, Turkey ranks very high in terms of trade openness and integration into global markets if variables determining a country\u2019s dependence on foreign trade are taken into account. Its actual trade relative to GDP in 2003 exceeded the level generated by an empirical model d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "population data from WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the severity of Ebola infection in those locations. Taken together this existing body of evidence suggests localized Ebola-related disruption might be as good as random.<sup>30</sup> Second, we use information from the  >>> village leader survey <<<  to construct a proxy for _Evd_ . We focus on dimensions that: (i) are credibly unaffected by ELA clubs operating in treated villages; (ii) have geographic variation _within_ district. Our disruption index combines data on the functioning of the nearest primary health unit (PHU) ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "village leader survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Afraid I Couldn't<br>Pay Back|34.5|31.0|31.9|\n|loan<br>(N=95)|Couldn\u2019t find a loan<br>that met my needs|27.6|21.4|23.0|\n||No Loan Provider<br>in MyArea|10.3|19.0|16.8|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Baseline Household Survey <<<  September, 2024_ \n\n##### **4.3.3.15 Participation in Community Organizations** \n\nMembership in community-based organizations (CBOs) is an important strategy for nurturing social capital that could be drawn upon at times of idiosyncratic shocks such as death or illness of a house", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Baseline Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "% 30% 28% 40% 40%<br>18%<br>20% 20% 20%<br>0% 0% 0%<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : Figure 5A is based on HFPS R1-3 for Ethiopia and Nigeria, R1-2 for Malawi, and R1 for Uganda. Figures 5B and 5C are based on  >>> HFPS R1-6 <<<  for Ethiopia and Nigeria, R1-4 for Malawi, R1-3 for Uganda. Figure 5C also uses pre-COVID LSMS-ISA surveys for industry of work.\n\nTo analyze the medium-run impacts on the labor market, we construct", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HFPS R1-6", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\nAre the demographics represented in the online data nationally representative, or do they oversample or under-sample specific demographic groups? The answer to this question will indicate whether and how we can use the  >>> survey data <<<  to make broader conclusions, or if other adjustments will be required in order for them to be nationally representative. We compare the online survey\u2019s wave-2 data with the GMD, and with the Internet-using population from the GMD if Internet usage data are available in that coun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", we compute distances from the centroid of each commune to all West African cities with population of 35, 000 or more in 1996 from the consolidated urban database by Blankespoor, Khan and Selod (2017), which draws upon  >>> population data from Brinkhoff (2018) <<< .<sup>16</sup> These arc distances are combined with city population to define a measure of market access which is elaborated in the empirical estimation section below.\n\n# **(6) Empirical Issues and Strategy**\n\n# **(6.1) Empirical Models**\n\n# **Employment Pattern: A Triple-Differ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "population data from Brinkhoff (2018)", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd decreased the risk of error, fraud and corruption, since the new system more efficiently records all transactions electronically. The Project\u2019s investments also generated an important improvement in timeliness. Under  >>> PIBS2 <<< , 77.3 percent of beneficiaries indicated that the last payment collected was received within the time when it was scheduled (an improvement from 51.5 percent in PIBS1). The electronic payment system also enabled payment providers to engage a number of agents to pay beneficiaries", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIBS2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "monitoring need to be specified in the monitoring plan; \n\n- Monitoring methods need to be as simple as possible, consistent with collecting useful information, so that the sub project implementer can apply them. \n\n- The  >>> data collected during monitoring <<<  is analyzed with the aim of: \n\n- Assessing any changes in baseline conditions; \n\n- Assessing whether recommended mitigation measures have been successfully implemented; \n\n- Determining reasons for unsuccessful mitigation; \n\n- Developing and recommending alternative mitigation me", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data collected during monitoring", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lationship between the worker\u2019s share of quasi-rents with development and productivity will be even stronger.\n\n# **VII. Conclusion**\n\nThis paper uses data from 73 countries and multiple years from a comprehensive set of  >>> harmonized household surveys <<<  to estimate the proportion and wage differentials for selfemployed, informal, formal and salaried workers from around the world.\n\nWe find that approximately half of all workers in low income countries are nonprofessional own-account workers, while only 9% are formal employees, a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "harmonized household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata (e.g., in the case of Buenos Aires, public transport smartcard data from SUBE); identified the trip purposes based on rules of thumb related to where the trips start, end, and their duration as well as complementary  >>> land use data <<< ; and lastly, expanded the anonymous observed sample to represent the total population of the region.\n\nThe assessment of the evolution of mobility indicators by income group was based on the spatial association of the identified travelers\u2019 home locations and the socioeconomic ind", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "land use data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Out of the seven PDO level indicators, four have exceeded the targets set for 2013 and two indicators have almost been achieved.  The  >>> district health management information data <<<  of Ministry of Health (MoH) suggests that during FY 201213, 39.5million individuals directly benefited from the project and over half of them (21.3 million) were females. During this period, the value fill rate of the facilities under the pull system of supply<sup>4</sup> was ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "district health management information data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he share of zero values for the bottom of the distribution and by outliers for the top of the distribution. Table 5.4 shows that, by removing the zeroes, inequality is still high for all countries with only the Gini for  >>> JD-HV3 <<<  declining significantly. If we further remove outliers by capping data to the lowest of the largest values across the four data sets (US$1,158 PPP), we observe a further reduction in inequality although it is rather small for all data sets. Therefore, inequality is high irrespec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al data, the paper estimates rates of return for simulated re-entry into the education system. The estimations use the method of internal rate of return and are based on observed education-age-earnings profiles from the  >>> Colombian national household survey <<< . We find that rates of return to all levels of education are only slightly smaller for 35 year olds than for young people, thus confirming the profitability of investment in adult education. Tertiary education continues to attract a positive return until late in life, 45-50 year", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Colombian national household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ittle attention to verifying whether existing indices capture effectively situations of deprivation as perceived by individuals. Here we can partly fill this gap by using a very comprehensive and little exploited set of  >>> European survey data <<< .\n\nThe database we use is the Consortium of Household Panels for European Socioeconomic Research (CHER).<sup>3</sup> This is a collection of panel survey data whose variables have been harmonized into a consistent data set. It includes 19 panel studies carried out\n\n> 3 The consor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "European survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ose children in 1997 that were the target of the policy. As these new households are composed by the direct beneficiaries of the program transfers, they 18With certain regularity PROSPERA gathers a similar survey called  >>> ENCASEH <<< , whose purpose is to determine if the households are still in poverty and should stay in the program or not.\n\n22", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENCASEH", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d credit using quarterly frequency.** To provide tighter identification of the effect of procurement on credit, in Appendix B.2 we exploit higher frequency credit data and estimate the procurement effect on credit using  >>> quarterly data <<< . Importantly, these specifications allow us to control for _firm_ \u00d7 _year_ fixed effects, which absorb all firm characteristics, observable or unobservable, varying at the yearly frequency. First, we find that winning a procurement contract is associated with an annualized incre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quarterly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s paper provides some of the first evidence on the socioeconomic impacts of and responses to the pandemic among households and individuals in Sub-Saharan Africa. To do so, reduced-form econometric methods are applied to  >>> longitudinal household survey data <<<  from Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda\u2014originating from the pre-COVID-19 face-to-face household surveys and from the novel phone surveys that are being implemented during the pandemic. The headline findings are fourfold. First, although false beliefs about COVID-19 remain pr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "longitudinal household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "view, we take a closer look at recent studies with an exclusive focus on Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), one of the parts of the world indisputably more vulnerable and exposed to climate change (IPCC, 2014) and the area where  >>> LSMS-ISA surveys <<<  (which we use as benchmark in the assessment of data gaps in household survey data to understand the climatemigration nexus) are currently implemented.\n\nA work by Lille\u00f8r and Van den Broeck (2011)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LSMS-ISA surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er plant, KenGen Power Plant and the fencing of the Kongoni Ranch, has led to isolation of a group of giraffes, buffaloes and the rare mountain reedbuck from the rest of the wildlife population in the park. Furthermore,  >>> recent censuses <<<  show a decline in wildlife population in the park. In summary the likely impact of the geothermal power plant development on fauna include: \n\n- Loss of some habitats of some rare wildlife species (e.g. the mountain reedbuck) might put them in danger of becoming extinct. \n\n- Nois", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "recent censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "They therefore provide a natural benchmark to evaluate whether combining survey and geospatial data produces municipal poverty estimates that are like those produced by a best-practice poverty mapping exercise, based on  >>> household data <<<  from a large intercensus.\n\nWe compare these 2015 benchmark estimates with five sets of municipal poverty estimates. The first is direct sample estimates taken from the 2014 survey. We generate the second, third, and fourth sets of estimates by combining", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the various wealth components available in our data, we reduce the dimensionality of our  >>> wealth data <<<  by extracting the first principal component of a number of housing, utility and asset outcomes of sampled households.\n\nWe use the following variables for the principal component analysis: number of bedrooms per person, whether the dwelling has an iron sheet roof (or better), wal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "wealth data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "men or for rural men.<sup>9</sup> One of the sharper changes from 1991 to 2009, as viewed from the CHNS, lay in the decline in employment rates of women over age 45 in urban China. Reviewing representative evidence from  >>> census data <<<  (Figure A.1) this effect appears strongest among women from age 45 to 55, as the population census and one-percent sample suggest modest increases in the employment of women over 55. Examining further evidence from three waves of the China Urban Labor Survey (CULS), which allows", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "major productive sectors in the country, which lack sufficient institutional and community capacities to adapt to climate change impacts. Gender inequalities are stark with Uganda ranking 131 out of 161 countries in the  >>> 2019 Gender Inequality Index <<< <sup>2</sup> . Prevalence rates of gender-based violence (GBV) in Uganda are high compared to both global and regional averages<sup>3</sup> . The Government of Uganda recognizes GBV as a serious problem and approved a National Policy on the Elimination of GBV in October 2016. \n\n3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 Gender Inequality Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ured using a different scale (from 1= not satisfied at all, to 5= completely satisfied), the finding that there is relatively high life satisfaction in Uzbekistan is largely replicated in L2CU. In any given round of the  >>> L2CU panel survey <<< , about 90 percent of respondents were moderately satisfied to completely satisfied, while only about 10 percent of respondents were completely unsatisfied or not satisfied. However, although the aggregate statistics on life satisfaction remain quite stable at the national level,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "L2CU panel survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "verty profile according to the characteristics of the case (table 5.10) and of the PA (table 5.11). Note that reported statistics refer to individuals for the data sets JD-HV2 and LB-VASyR and to cases for the data sets  >>> JD-HV3 <<<  and LB-Verif. \n\nTable 5.10 compares the effect of some characteristics of the PA on poverty rates across the different data sets. In all groups of refugees (except JD-HV2) the poverty rate is higher for cases whose PA is female; moreover, uniformly across the data sets, poverty ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "haran Africa RR includes 21 countries listed in IMF (2012) as resource rich and Sub-Saharan Africa non-RR includes 9 countries non listed in IMF (2012) with non-missing data. Source: authors\u2019 calculations with data from  >>> UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Dataset 2021 <<< .\n\nFigure 2: Average annual natural resource revenues, by country, between 2004-2014 <!-- Start of picture text --> 30 50<br>45<br>25<br>40<br>35<br>20<br>30<br>15 25<br>20<br>10<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>5<br>0 0<br>% of GDP (blue bars)<br>Angola Gabon Nigeria Chad Sudan Guinea Mali N", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNU-WIDER Government Revenue Dataset 2021", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the target areas \u2013 in Mexico.<sup>6</sup> Third, it assesses whether the combination of survey and geospatial data generate estimates that improve on small area estimates generated using a  >>> census enumerated five years prior <<<  as well as a widely available wealth index created by Meta (Chi et al., 2022).<sup>7</sup> Finally, it compares estimates from three different types of small area estimation methods: a household unit-context model that models household per capita income as a function of sub-area", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census enumerated five years prior", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>areas|-|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.4|0.5|2.1|\n|Improve pre-primary<br>education standards<br>andqualityassurance|RA3|No<br>delimitation|11.4|11.4|11.4|-|-|-|34.2|\n||||**_Prim_**|**_ary Educatio_**|**_n_**|||||\n\n\n\n10 Based on the  >>> Kenya Refugee Protection Assessment Update <<<  2 \u2013 14 February 2022. \n\n> 11 Including the Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees (2017); the Djibouti Declaration on Refugee Education (2017); and the Kampala Declaration on Jobs, Livelihoods and Self-reliance for Refugees and Host Communities (2019). \n\nPa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya Refugee Protection Assessment Update", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5|\n|Not working|32.1|11,603|\n|N||36,126|\n\nTable 1.b: Labor states in FY18 (females)\n\n||%|Obs.|\n|---|---|---|\n|Informal|10|3,524|\n|Formal|8|2,944|\n|Not working|82|29,282|\n|N||35,750|\n\nSource : Authors\u2019 calculations using  >>> HIECS <<<  2017/18. Note : Unweighted percentages.\n\nUsing the panel data in ELMPS, a Mincer type multinomial logit regression for adults aged 15 and older was estimated to create a propensity score with the likelihood that an individual with a given set of observable characteristics (e.g.,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIECS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " CNNs: one to estimate the poverty rate (defined as extreme or moderate headcount poverty according to the CONEVAL definition) and one to recognize the land classification type of an image. We train the former using the  >>> 2014 MCS-ENIGH <<< . Land classification subdivides images into coverage by building, road, water, grassland, forest, and background (all other classes). Because CNNs require square tiles of imagery for prediction, we train the CNN to estimate poverty or land type at the tile level, which are rough", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 MCS-ENIGH", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t use. Section 4 presents the empirical results. Section 5 concludes.\n\n# **2. Measuring Financial Inclusion**\n\n# **_2.1 Survey Methodology_**\n\nThe data were collected by adding a new module on financial inclusion to the  >>> 2011 Gallup World Poll <<<  (GWP) survey, which has been conducted annually since 2005. Our module included questions on ownership of an individual or joint account, the use of the account for saving, and the frequency with which the account is used. Additional questions asked the unbanked for reasons why ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2011 Gallup World Poll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r level of rural infrastructure and education in that region. Similarly, <mark>D\u00e9murger</mark> (2001) provides empirical evidence of inequality across the Chinse provinces in response to infrastructure investment. Using  >>> panel data from a sample of 24 provinces <<<  for the 1985-1998 period, it finds that provinces with higher infrastructure endowment also had better economic performance (measured in terms of provincial GDP). The study also concludes that transportation infrastructure is the main factor in explaining provincial economic ine", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data from a sample of 24 provinces", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "O accession on local economic development. Ultimately, the constructed dataset contains over 40 mineral types matched across 2339 districts in 37 countries in Africa.\n\nOne key feature of the USGS data is the presence of  >>> historical mineral prices data <<<  (measured at 1998 constant US dollars and average US prices) available since 1900 for the United States. We employ<sup>10</sup> these data to control for the volatility in world mineral prices as we later detail in the empirical specification. Two facts guide the choice of US hi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "historical mineral prices data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in 1989, 1990, and 1991 were used along with a sub-sample of households that formed a panel across these years. In order to construct the panel, dwellings were first linked using the procedure outlined in the document \" >>> Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions <<<  1989-93: Basic Information\" (page 39). However, the survey design was such that following the same dwelling over time was not synonymous with following the same household over time. In order to ensure that this was the case, it was necessary to list the household roster (for the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " variation in conditions across sectors.** Supported by a particularly large rebound in the services sector, and expansion in industrial output, real GDP increased by 7.8 percent y/y in the first three quarters of 2021.  >>> High frequency data <<<  are consistent with continued expansion, and GDP is estimated to have increased by 5.9 percent in 2021 as a whole. The Purchasing Managers\u2019 Index<sup>3</sup> shows continued sequential improvement in business activity through the end of 2021, and industrial output continues to g", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "High frequency data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d the services offered as being average giving reasons such as lack of enough medicine and inadequate health personnel. This they said has led to general increase in the cost of health care to households with 74% of the  >>> household survey <<< ed indicating this has increased a lot in the last three years. \n\nOnly 48% of households in Kole live within five kilometres from a health facility (public or PNFP).utilization these is limited due to poor infrastructure, inadequate medicines and other health supplies, the shorta", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arlier studies found no evidence of the Dutch disease in the manufacturing sector (see e.g., Gelb 1988; Spatafora and Warner 1999), more recent empirical evidence has become available. Harding and Venables (2016), using  >>> data on 41 resource exporters <<<  for 1970\u20132006, show that a dollar of resource revenue leads to a decrease in non-resource exports by approximately 75 cents and an increase in imports by 25 cents, with the manufacturing sector experiencing the largest crowding-out effect. Similarly, Ismail (2010) finds results ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on 41 resource exporters", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|||\n|0\u201318|51.3||60.9||59.0|\n|19\u201334|63.9|49.3|39.1|72.4|61.1|\n|35\u201349|80.2|59.7|63.3|69.7|79.2|\n|50+|61.9|37.8|49.2|44.3|59.4|\n|Total|71.6|52.7|46.0|60.1|69.3|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< . \n\n_Note:_ cells are blank where the number of cases observed is below 50.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "verty analysis of chapter 2 of the report was replicated for three other data sets: the third round of the Home Visits data in Jordan (JDHV3); the second round of the Lebanon Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees ( >>> LB-VASyR <<< ); and the Lebanon Verification data set (LB-Verif), a recent data set compiled using information collected during the appeal process for the World Food Programme (WFP) food voucher distribution system. The welfare assessments using these three data sets are provided in separate ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-VASyR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Figure 5:** Effects on Public Goods Provision (Administrative Data)\n\n**(a)**  >>> Administrative data, 2021 <<< \n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n-.2 -.1 0 .1 .2<br>Margin of victory of best-ranked challenger<br>1.3<br>0.5<br>-0.4<br>-1.2<br>Local public service provision, 2021 (z-score)<br>-2.0<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **(b)** Administrative data, 2014 (balance)\n\n<!-- Start of pi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Administrative data, 2021", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e plot corner points provide the best quality of information for model training. Third, classification performance almost always peaks before or around 4,000 plots - corresponding to slightly less than 60 percent of the  >>> training data <<< . Fourth, the seemingly-small erosion in predictive accuracy under less preferable approaches to georeferencing plot locations results in total area under maize cultivation being overestimated by 0.16 to 0.47 million hectares (8 to 24 percent) in Malawi vis-a-vis the results from", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "training data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "), along with the confidence intervals. Results indicate that we do not reject the null that the  >>> GMD <<<  means are the same as the online</mark>\n\n> 22 Clustering usually provides more conservative standard error estimates compared to robust standard errors. Still, we face the problem of the small number of clusters biasing our standard error estimates downwards because the number o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GMD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nly by private sector only health centers and health posts were reported to be owned by the government, while all other health facilities in the sub city were run by private sector or non-governmental. According to this  >>> official data <<<  there was no hospital in Koye Feche, at the same time the data did not include other health facilities like pharmacy, drug store and laboratory. \n\n**Table 29: Health", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "official data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " rural areas (%) Poverty rate in rural areas (%) Poverty rate in rural areas (%)<br>Poverty rate in urban areas (%) Poverty rate in urban areas (%) Poverty rate in urban areas (%)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: WorldPop 250m is used for the DOU and DB methods. Dashed lines are 45-degree lines. Urban areas include the categories \u201cUrban center\u201d and \u201cUrban cluster\u201d for the DOU method and the categories \u201cCore\u201d and \u201cSuburb\u201d for the DB method. Dashed lines are 45-degree lines. Poverty", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f 2012 and 2013. Each year, in selected villages, village volunteers conducted the door-to-door enrollment drive,\n\n> 8 The NGO identifies out-of-school girls (aged 6 to 14) using a two-step approach. Using data from the  >>> state government child tracking system <<<  (CTS) and school records, the program develops an initial list of girls to target. To prepare for the door-to-door enrollment drive, the program then engages community members to verify records, build awareness, and increase enrollment. Volunteers organize meetings of 20 to 40 i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "state government child tracking system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a school between 10 and 30km, 4) attending a school more than 30km from the community. Changes in the last outcome are possibly driven by changes in the household residential location.\n\n# **3.2 ENLACE take-up**\n\nIn the  >>> follow-up survey of the experimental evaluation <<<  there were 5,444 children in PAL villages born between 1996 and 2005, and we match 69% of them write at least one ENLACE test. Thus, our final sample includes 3,773 children from 200 villages for whom we observe a total of 11,006 ENLACE tests; Table 1 shows how these observation", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "follow-up survey of the experimental evaluation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " results, in which case they argue the Pseudo-Poisson Maximum Likelihood estimator is appropriate. The LSDV estimator is nevertheless chosen for analysis since there are no zero observations whatsoever in the underlying  >>> trade data <<< . There exist missing values however. The key question therefore is whether these represent true zero values, in which case they need to be handled with care; or whether they are actual missing values. Since aggregate trade data are used, there is every reason to believe that the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "amework**\n\nWe compare impact estimates from over 150 evaluations of education interventions in 46 countries using a unified measure. In our comparison, we highlight findings from a subset of studies that have comparable  >>> cost data <<< <sup>8</sup> and that therefore allow us to compare cost-effectiveness of interventions. We examine how many LAYS each policy or intervention delivers; how cost-effective those gains are; and how much of the gap between quality-adjusted years of schooling and actual years of scho", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " population). Among other primates, Bugoma CFR hosts a population of Ugandan mangabeys, endemic to this. The bird list consists of 221 recorded species.  >>> Biodiversity surveys <<<  have recorded 224 species of trees and shrubs, which is more than in any other forest in the region. Furthermore, Bugoma CFR provides forest products and ecosystem services to the surrounding communities. \n\n**<mark>Screening of subprojects and Exclusion list:</mark>** <mark>Give", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Biodiversity surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d trial of the Mexico\u2019s Food Support Program (the P _rograma de Apoyo Alimentario_ , PAL), in which households were assigned to receive cash, in-kind food transfers, or nothing (a control). The children are matched with  >>> administrative data on primary school standardized tests <<< , which were taken four to 10 years after the experiment began. The findings show that in-kind transfers did not impact test scores, while cash transfers led to a significant and meaningful decrease in test scores. An analysis of the mechanisms driving these results reveals that ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data on primary school standardized tests", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5 \n\nISDS \n\nobjectives of the action plans will be assessed. Poverty levels will be assessed at the start of the project based on the  >>> 1999 census <<< . In addition,  household data to assess change in poverty during the term of the project will be collected. The project will also monitor erosion and nutrient loss, the incidence of pests and diseases, and the impacts of these on the welfare of farmers in the project area. Much ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1999 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng the economic impacts of a prevailing pandemic is fraught with uncertainties about the epidemiology of the disease and the breadth of disruption of economic activities. This paper employs historical and near real-time  >>> Google search data <<<  to estimate the immediate impacts of COVID-19 on demand for selected services across 182 countries. The analysis exploits the temporal and spatial variations in the spread of the virus and finds that demand for services that require face-to-face interaction, such as hotels, rest", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Google search data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lan que \u201cla reducci\u00f3n de la pobreza extrema ha sido insuficiente y se encuentra estancada\u201d. El 83% de la poblaci\u00f3n sufre de carencias en las tres dimensiones b\u00e1sicas: ingreso, educaci\u00f3n y salud.<sup>27</sup> Reflejo del  >>> \u00edndice de Desarrollo Humano <<<  (IDH) para Guatemala en el 2014 que fue de 0,627 puntos, decreciendo en relaci\u00f3n con el a\u00f1o anterior. \n\nGuatemala tiene un mercado laboral fr\u00e1gil, caracterizado por altos niveles de informalidad<sup>28</sup> , baja productividad<sup>29</sup> y bajos aumentos de salarios reales; ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "\u00edndice de Desarrollo Humano", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g pipeline. Where missing in the first step, an official source is sought and, if found, saved for each lead. Once the official source has been located, the responsible GTA trade policy analyst processes the lead into a  >>> GTA database entry <<<  that combines a brief description of the state act along with identification of the most accurate policy instrument among a rich taxonomy plus the appropriate United Nations product and sectoral codes.<sup>3</sup> The final database on trade policy changes includes information o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GTA database entry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "estimate consumption of infrastructure services from the  >>> survey data <<< . First, for the 25%-35% of households that were able to provide the interviewer with a copy of their utility bill, the level of consumption could be\n\n> 5 The family expenditure survey of 1997 was the last to provide official data for expenditure on utility services. However, eve", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " from a CEE rather than from a FSU country, increases the probability of stating that \u2015tax evasion is never justified\u2016 by around 13 percentage points (compared to around 2 percentage points in 1989-1993). Looking at the  >>> 1999-2001 data <<< , FSU countries have still significantly lower tax morale than the CEE countries. However, the marginal effects have not increased as in the previous years and some are even observed to be lower (close to 9 percentage points).\n\nWhat are the driving forces that shape tax morale in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "1999-2001 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l). When we analyze the withincountry relationship between poverty and conflict, ACLED provides a very rich set of data and we therefore show results for our within-country case study and the African continent using the  >>> ACLED data <<< .\n\n# Empirical Relationship between Conflict and Poverty\n\nIn what follows we will take an agnostic view regarding the channel through which the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ACLED data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s world and country-specific interest rates. For the world interest rate, we use the dollar London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR) rate. The real rate is adjusted for US inflation using the consumption price index from the  >>> Penn World Tables <<<  (PWT 8.1). For the country-specific real interest rates, we use the LIBOR rate adjusted by the country-specific consumption price indices in PWT 8.1.\n\n# 2.2 Basic Econometric Framework\n\nWe follow the large literature that has tested various implications of the consumption Euler ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Penn World Tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e not unusual in the context of external bank or bond restructurings, but \u201cstrictly preemptive\u201d cases with no missed payments account for only 13% of cases between 1970 and 2010 (Asonuma and Trebesch 2016). According to  >>> DRS data <<< , in the case of China, almost half of the restructurings occurred with no prior arrears. This points to alternative explanations for the absence of arrears.\n\nHorn et al. (2021) document a substantial hidden debt problem, with DRS aggregates underreporting liabilities to China by", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DRS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n- 1.2 million asylum-seekers \n\n11.7 million under UNHCR\u2019s mandate \n\n- 5.0 million Palestinian refugees registered by UNRWA \n\n**Statelessness** is estimated to have affected at least 10 million persons in 2013. However,  >>> data captured by governments <<<  and communicated to UNHCR were limited to 3.5 million stateless individuals in 75 countries. \n\n#### **86%** \n\n**(1)** Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) of the Norwegian Refugee Council (NRC). **(2)** Idem. **(3)** The highest figure since 1989 when record ke", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data captured by governments", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s to explore the impact of the two channels \u2013 replacement and marriage market \u2013 on fertility. This is due to the fact that proxies for conflict exposure measuring replacement effects are only available for post-genocide  >>> RDHS data <<< , while conflict proxies measuring marriage market effects are available for both pre-genocide and post-genocide RDHS data. Table 2 provides a schematic summary of the estimation strategy.\n\n> 8 Unfortunately, most information on marital history available in the RDHS refers to the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RDHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Amare _et al._ , 2020; Ceballos _et al._ , 2020; Mahmud and Riley, 2020). Using nationally representative pre-pandemic household survey data and a  >>> follow-up phone survey from Mali <<< , our difference-in-difference estimates highlight a dramatic increase in food insecurity. These difference-in-difference estimates rely on sub-national variation in the intensity of pandemic-related disruptions between urban and rural areas. Although we aim to validate our under", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "follow-up phone survey from Mali", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rm Agatha (2010) on household welfare, finding that consumption per capita fell by 12.6 percent and poverty increased 5.5 percentage points (an 18 percent increase).\n\n> 4 Calculation of authors based on information from  >>> EM\u2010DAT <<< : The international Disasters Database.\n\n> 5 Dell, Jones and Olken (2014) provide an excellent review on the new climate\u2010economy literature and summarize results on different socioeconomic outcomes (e.g., health, conflict, economic growth, among others).\n\n2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EM\u2010DAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 9862\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis study uses the  >>> Ethiopia Skills Profile Survey <<<  (2017) to examine the gender differences in livelihood opportunities and activities between refugees and host communities. The results show that refugees are significantly less likely to be in employment, and that household characteristics influence women\u2019s economic opportunitie", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia Skills Profile Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t over the past decade. The country's per capita income of US$470 (2013) is substantially lower than the regional average of US$1,257 and is the ninth lowest worldwide. Ethiopia is ranked 173 out of 187 countries in the  >>> Human Development Index <<<  (HDI) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). High economic growth, however, has helped reduce poverty in both urban and rural areas. Since 2005, 2.5 million people have been lifted out of poverty, and the share of the population below the poverty line has fallen from ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Working Paper 10522\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper provides a framework to study how different allocation systems of public procurement contracts affect firm dynamics and long-run macroeconomic outcomes. It builds a novel  >>> panel dataset for Spain <<<  that merges public procurement data, credit register loan data, and quasi-census firm-level data. The paper provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that procurement contracts act as collateral for firms and help them grow out of their financial constraints. The paper th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel dataset for Spain", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## 2. Physical assault \n\nFrom January to June 2018, **17%** of survivors reported physical assault. Women represented **78%** of survivors. Analysis of  >>> collected data <<<  showed that this form of violence is generally perpetrated by relatives (spouse, partner, etc.) in a domestic environment. \n\n\n\n@unhcrnigeriapage @unhcrnigeria @unhcr_nigeria http://www.unhcr.ng/ | https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/nga For any query, please contact: Dr.  Malaika", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "collected data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "8|\n|Primary|16|31.4|\n|Secondary|8|15.7|\n|Diploma/TVET|2|3.9|\n|BA/BSC|1|2.0|\n|**Total**|**51**|**100**|\n\n\n\n**_Source_** _:  >>> PAPs Census Survey <<< , March 2020_ \n\nRegarding the educational status of PAPs, of the total PAPs consulted through the survey, 47.1% of the project affected persons completed primary and secondary education, 3.9% of the PAPs owned Diploma/TVET, 2% have BA and 7.8% with literacy certificate. However, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PAPs Census Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "poverty line ratio, using the variance and covariance patterns of growth and inequality changes shown in the preceding table. Table 9 uses the values from the Dollar and Kraay sample, while Table 10 uses the values from  >>> Povmonitor <<< . In both tables, a number close to 1 means that in the scenario in question changes in the poverty measure of interest are mainly driven by growth, whereas a number close to zero means that they are mainly driven by changes in inequality.<sup>24</sup> The simulations in Tables 9", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Povmonitor", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0<br>20<br>-25<br>0<br>5<br>100<br>0<br>80<br>-5<br>60<br>-10<br>40<br>-15<br>Formal Food Budget Share 20<br>Formal Food Engel Curve Slope -20<br>0<br>-25<br><!-- End of picture text --> This figure combine two sources:  >>> data from the core-sample of 31 countries <<<  and data from the Global Consumption Database (GCD) which adds 58 developing countries not included in the core-sample. Panel A shows each country\u2019s food budget share, plotted against log per capita GDP. The average food budget share in the core sample is 49%, while the average ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the core-sample of 31 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the accuracy of the sample estimates. In particular, the correlation with the benchmark official estimates improves from 0.8 to 0.86 when using a household-level \u201cunitcontext\u201d model instead of estimates derived from the  >>> sample survey <<< . Precision improves dramatically as well, as the coefficient of variation drops by roughly a factor of two, roughly equivalent to quadrupling the size of the survey. The gain in precision is moderately overestimated, but after adjusting for that to maintain the same coverage rat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sample survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " be both a curse and a blessing.\n\n# **6 Conclusions**\n\nThis paper analysed the effects of mining activities on spatial inequality in 2,182 districts over 653 regions across 38 African countries. Our study employed novel  >>> spatial data <<<  enabling analysis at the local scale. District inequality was measured using night light data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association\u2019s National Geophysical Data Centre, while mineral production data came from the United States Geological Survey.\n\nOur study offers ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "spatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", the opportunity cost of providing managerial inputs increases. This results (for those who do not opt for land sales) in a preference for fixed over sharecropping arrangements.\n\nTo test this proposition we construct a  >>> district-level data set <<<  covering the first decade of the 21st century. The choice of time period is dictated by both data availability (we have detailed migration data only for the decades preceding 2001 and 2011) and contextual considerations: liberalization in the 1990s strengthened property rights, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "district-level data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of cross-sectional survey waves is applied by Akresh and de Walque (2008).\n\nTo ensure that the dependent variables are comparable from before and after the genocide, the periods are now defined in relative terms. In the  >>> pooled 1992-2000 data <<< , the period of interest", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "pooled 1992-2000 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ch a benchmark could influence our results. The US National Research Council (1989) estimated energy requirements by age group and sex. Based on this, and using the detailed data on Brazil\u2019s demographic profile from the  >>> POF 2017/18 data <<< , we calculate a population-weighted average required calorie intake. Moreover, this requirement could be estimated for the bottom 40 percent of the population \u2013 in other words, our reference group. As shown in Table 8, an estimate for the required calorie intake of a demographic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "POF 2017/18 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**|**Indicators**|**Performance**|**Target**|**Percentage**|**Absolute Value (Y/N, absolute**<br>**number, days, etc)**|\n||Comments|||This inform<br>region only usin|ation is based data available which was Afar<br>g the  >>> woreda monthly stock and distribution <<< <br>reports.|\n|11|**NUMBER OF WOREDAS WITH UPGRADED**<br>**VERSION OF PASS**||0||0|\n||RAW DATA<br>SOURCES|||FSCD 9 months<br>report||\n||Comments|||The trainings held<br>implementers and<br>trainings to wored|at federal level for all regional<br>the regions planned to be cascaded ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "woreda monthly stock and distribution", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "empowerment through education and has been in place in the study area since 1995. The program was rapidly scaled up between 2004 and 2008; data from the  >>> Indian Census <<< , District-level Household and Facility Survey, and National Family Health Survey suggest that this scale-up was not systematically targeted at particular areas. As a result, we only sampled treated villages that received the program in the expansionary stage along with control v", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indian Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Note: CAD - Canadian dollar, USD - United States dollar, KRW - Korean won, MYR - Malaysian ringgit, NZD - New Zealand dollar, AUD - Australian dollar.\n\nNote: CZK - Czech koruna, SKK - Slovak koruna, EUR - euro. Source:  >>> Thomson Datastream <<< . Note: January 2001 = 100. Decline means appreciation.\n\nThe explanation for the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Thomson Datastream", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tions; and it recognizes multiple activities.\n\nThis paper tries to shed some empirical light on income generation and employment in the rural agricultural and nonagricultural sectors in Mexico. The analyses are based on  >>> ENIGH <<<  ( _Encuesta nacional de Ingresos y Gastos de los Hogares_ ) surveys from 1992 to 2002 and ENET ( _Encuesta Nacional de Empleo_ ) surveys from 1995 to 2003<sup>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENIGH", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lity** \n\nThere are four variables to consider regarding eligibility: \n\n- i. Who is eligible? \u2013 This is established through the definition of PAP and their relationship to the project\u2013affected-area determined through the  >>> RAP census <<<  \n\n- ii. How are they deemed eligible? \u2013 This is established in the eligibility criteria \n\n70", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RAP census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on and as rural in the looser version of definition in Combes et al. (2023)\n\n# **3 Data**\n\nFor this study, we have prepared a new dataset called the International Urban Poverty Database by integrating two types of data:  >>> high-resolution gridded population data <<<  for constructing urban classifications, and detailed household-level data for constructing poverty measures.\n\n## **3.1 Gridded population layers**\n\nWe have utilized two gridded population datasets for the year 2015: GHSPOP and WorldPop, with a resolution of 1km and 250m, respect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "high-resolution gridded population data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on  >>> expenditure data <<< , 2005<br>140,000,000<br>120,000,000<br>100,000,000<br>80,000,000<br>60,000,000<br>40,000,000<br>20,000,000<br>0<br>Business Vacation Conference VFR Not stated Total<br>USD<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n25", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f local governments that conform the metropolitan areas and distributed population data to calculate institutional fragmentation measures using geoprocessing tools in ArcGIS. Administrative boundaries were obtained from  >>> OpenStreetMap <<< <sup>3</sup> (April 25<sup>th</sup> 2017) and the World Bank LAC Spatial Database (Branson et al., 2016). We projected the administrative boundaries and the urban extents to the UTM coordinate system to calculate areas in square kilometers. Population counts at the administrative", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OpenStreetMap", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " are disproportionately vulnerable to disease in resettlement operations, and therefore this project will have to take into consideration their special needs. \n\n**People with physical or mental disabilities** : From the  >>> household survey <<< , 11.7% were reported as persons with physical disabilities in the family and 12.8% as mentally ill. Generally, the availability of special services for the persons with these disabilities in the project area is limited; support in majority of the cases is given by family members", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " household head or primary breadwinner \u2013 is at one extreme, while Philippines and Mongolia are at the other and are more similar to the actual percentage (47 percent in the original Mongolia sample survey, 34 percent in  >>> 2015 Philippines Census <<< ).\n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2015 Philippines Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "egards to the potential benefits or consequences of land use, transport and other city planning policies that can influence city form. Second, it contributes to the advancement in the measurement of urban form, by using  >>> open data <<<  available at a global scale that allow for benchmarking of cities across the globe.\n\nThe rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a literature review. Section 3 presents the empirical models. Section 4 describes the source data and the construction of the pr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "open data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ch are observed in administrative sales records, and also purchases made by agents on behalf of customers. Agents may input customer details and purchase products on their behalf, which we capture by reading through the  >>> chat records <<<  and flagging instances where agents send final purchase confirmation details to customers. Customers then pay separately or at the time of receiving the order. When agents make purchases, we cannot measure purchase values. We therefore only measure the total value of purchases u", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "chat records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " income Primary Market income Primary<br>Secondary Tertiary Secondary Tertiary<br>In-kind education In-kind health In-kind education In-kind health<br>Population share Population share<br>Source : Authors\u2019 calculations;  >>> ESS 2018/19 data <<< . Source : Authors\u2019 calculations; ESS 2018/19 data.<br>Cumulative proportion of in-kind transfers Cumulative proportion of in-kind transfers<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# _Health_\n\nHealth spending is for both genders progressive (Figure 3), though more so for women than for ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ESS 2018/19 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "imate the empirical best prediction model. Table 7 reports the results when using the 2016 sample for the baseline specification. The main difference is that the estimates are moderately less accurate, due to the use of  >>> survey data <<<  that differs from that used to generate the benchmark. The correlation with the benchmark is now only 0.81, as opposed to 0.86 when using the 2014 survey. The same pattern of results holds, however, when ranking across methods. For in-sample areas, the household model gives mode", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ratio C4. These concentration ratios were taken unadjusted from the  >>> Census listings <<< . For each four-digit industry, the Census also reports the values of the truncated Her...ndahl index H, representing the sum of squared market shares of the largest 50 ...rms in the industry or the entire universe, whichever is lower. The census also reports the values of the 50", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Census listings", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ITY FOR COMPENSATION** \n\nFixing eligibility criteria for entitlement purposes is essential for the resettlement/ rehabilitation process and compensation payments. For this reason property inventories with other relevant  >>> socio-economic surveys <<< , and fixing a cut-off-date after proper consultation and announcement, is instrumental to avoid unnecessary and sometimes fraudulent claims for compensation. \n\nAccording to the World Bank OP 4.12 procedures, the following project affected citizens will be eligible for compensati", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is based on the \u201cT3\u201d variable from the  >>> World Uncertainty database <<<  (Ahir et al. 2022), which counts words from EIU reports for 143 countries since the 1950s. A higher \u201cT3\u201d value indicates greater uncertainty. Uncertainty in year is approximated as the logarithm of the average word count in EIU reports over the three years preceding the investme", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Uncertainty database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "student spending|20|51|75|57|\n|**Tertiary (total % change)**|**167**|**147**|**118**|**136**|\n|% devoted to access|69|64|73|55|\n|% devoted to per student spending|31|36|27|45|\n\n_Source:_ World Bank calculations based on  >>> UIS <<<  and IMF data.\n\n_Note:_ Only countries for which there are data that span across at least four out of the five periods (1998 **\u2013** 2001, 2002 **\u2013** 05, 2006 **\u2013** 09, 2010 **\u2013** 13, and 2014 **\u2013** 17) between 1998 and 2017 are included in the figure. The percentage devoted to acc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es related to the impact of economics shocks on nutrition. Diagana _et al._ (1999) find decreases in levels of dietary diversity and changes in food consumption patterns after the 1994 devaluation of the CFA franc using  >>> data from West Africa <<< . Martin-Prevel _et al._ (2000) find reductions in maternal and nutritional status following the same currency devaluation. And Block _et al._ (2004) find declines in maternal and child nutritional status following drought and financial crisis in Indonesia in 1997-98. See Ruel _e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from West Africa", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "3|0.74|0.76|0.53|0.56|\n|4|0.86|0.86|0.63|0.70|\n|5+|0.94|0.94|0.83|0.84|\n|Housing|||||\n|Makeshift|0.77|n.a.|0.77|0.61|\n|Apartment|0.66|n.a.|0.59|0.42|\n|House|0.73|n.a.|0.59|0.30|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on JD-HV2,  >>> JD-HV3 <<< , LB-VASyR, and LB-Verif data. _Note:_ n.a. = Not applicable. \n\nperfectly coincide with the ones described in the specific analysis of each of the four data sets (chapter 2 and online appendixes A, B, and C). In a following step, we compare the nonharmonized data using the inform", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ulum coverage by teachers seems to be an important driver for learning improvement in 9<sup>_th_</sup> grade.\n\nFigure 6 complements Table 5 by showing that _Cear\u00e1_ is distributing textbooks where they are scarcer. Using  >>> school principal questionnaires from SAEB <<<  and plotting the _DD_ coefficients from Eq. (2), Figure 6 shows no change in the provision of pedagogical materials by the municipal council (blue bars), but significant decreases in the incidence of schools reporting a lack of text36", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "school principal questionnaires from SAEB", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "also enables comparisons of disaggregated estimations (such as housing adequacy deficits in the biggest business city or deficits among the poorest income groups) across countries.\n\nFourth, in estimating the _AHI_ using  >>> HH expenditure and consumption surveys <<<  for the respective countries, we are providing principles of global harmonization across seven dimensions of housing adequacy. Understanding HHs\u2019 access to these adequacy dimensions, such as access to water and sanitation, are key for monitoring progress towards the Agenda 2030.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "HH expenditure and consumption surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " United States (in Millions of US $). Data on exports originating from SSA countries are often incomplete. In addition, variation in measurement across countries may make cross-country comparisons limited. Hence, we use  >>> annual US imports data from African countries <<<  to examine impact. This also ensures consistency of measurement across countries, besides the reliability and completeness of data from the US. Using import price indices obtained from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov), import values are deflated to constant 2000 U", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual US imports data from African countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ions**|||||\n|AFR|1.0|0.9|0.7|0.6|\n|ECA|0.2|0.2|0.2|0.2|\n|LCR|0.2|0.2|0.1|0.1|\n|SAR|0.6|0.7|0.5|0.3|\n|EAP|1.9|2.1|1.9|1.7|\n|MNA|0.4|0.6|0.5|0.5|\n\n_Source:_ World Bank calculations using OECD Creditor Reporting System and  >>> World Bank online databases <<< .\n\n_Note:_ Overseas development assistance is measured as gross disbursements, and figures only include countries that received some assistance. Income groups are defined by country income group classification in 2017. LIC = low-income country, LMIC = lower-middle-income country,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank online databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f picture text -->\n1.5%,<br>South  2.3%,  36\u2010205 1\u20104<br>4.9%,<br>Korea Other<br>Turkey 25\u201036<br>13.7%,<br>Kazakhsta<br>n<br>5\u20108<br>13\u201024<br>77.6%,<br>Russia 9\u201012<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n_Notes: Listening to the  >>> Citizens of Uzbekistan Baseline Survey <<< , Author\u2019s calculations_ The expected duration of absence of migrants varies substantially. About 58 percent of households expect that migrants will return in on year or less. About 15 percent of households expect migrants to be away for two years or more. There is a strong seaso", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Citizens of Uzbekistan Baseline Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sponses in hand, it remains only to calculate the weights and the other components of the formulae of section 2 to implement the distributional analysis. This is easier said than done, however, in that households in the  >>> NSS61 expenditure survey <<< , for whom we have consumption data, are not the same as those in the 61st round employment-unemployment survey, nor are they the same as those in the 59th round farm household survey. We must, therefore, impute several key parameters based on observable characteristics common ac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSS61 expenditure survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".5<br>1 1<br>.5 .5<br>0 0<br>Urban Rural National<br>NERMWITCDETHGNBBFAUGAGINTZALSOSENGHA CIVMRTAGOGAB NERMWITCDETHGNBBFAUGAGINTZALSOSENGHA CIVMRTAGOGAB<br>Theil index Theil index<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: Countries are sorted in ascending order of log of GDP per capita, measured in PPP (constant 2017 international $). GHSPOP 1km is used for the DOU and DB methods. Urban areas include the categories \u201cUrban center\u201d and \u201cUrban cluster\u201d for the DOU method and the categories \u201cC", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "res) (we refer to this data set as PG) and a welfare model originally constructed on the  >>> Home Visits database, round II <<<  (JD-HV2) (also referred to in this chapter as HV). For example, the welfare model we constructed in chapter 2 of this study can be used to estimate welfare for those cases that have not yet been visited and consequently reduce costs and effort on the part of the UNHCR. The short", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Home Visits database, round II", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ades. Almost all of the advanced countries now have open capital accounts as implied by the de jure measures whereas a number of developing countries still maintain relatively closed capital accounts. In the case of the  >>> Chinn-Ito indicators <<< , the average degree of financial integration for developing countries peaked at 0.5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Chinn-Ito indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "30|0|5.47%|\n\n_Note: Values for 2012-2015 are actual or observed values. The projected GDP is set at a moderate level based on a review of relevant literature_<sup>_[6-8]_</sup> _. Labor supply growth rate are taken from  >>> China Statistic Year book 2017 <<<  and UNDESA_<sup>_[5]_</sup> _with very small modification based on our understanding about labor quality development tendency of China in the future._\n\n# **2.3 Bottom-Up TIMES Model**\n\nThe bottom-up energy sector TIMES model is an optimization model. It is based on a reference e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "China Statistic Year book 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Introduction** \n\n\u00e0 la SGBV). Enfin, pour le HCR, nous avons utilis\u00e9 les  >>> Rapports globaux <<< , qui depuis 2010 contiennent pour chaque pays une r\u00e9partition par pilier et par secteur. Pour cette \u00e9tude, nous avons pris en compte les composantes de la protection du pilier 4 du HCR (le pilier 4 repr\u00e9sente les projets pour les d\u00e9plac\u00e9s internes) plus les composantes des Progr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Rapports globaux", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rable across countries.<sup>5</sup> See Appendix A for a detailed description of the renormalization.\n\nSecond, potential differences in search language across countries call for a more careful approach to extracting the  >>> Google search data <<< . In a given geographic area, some people could submit their search queries in local (non-English) language and others in English. In order to best capture search popularity for our selected terms in countries where English is not the main language, we request search terms in Eng", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Google search data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " agriculture**|19|4.6|2|\n|**Non-ag. private outside est.**|24|5.9|8|\n|**Non-ag private in est. 1-24**|22|5.3|12|\n|**Non-ag private in est. 25+**|11|2.8|52|\n|**Total**|100|24.4|31|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> ELMPS 2018 <<<  10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ELMPS 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from Ethiopia, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, and Uganda (see also Section 4) combined with  >>> high-resolution precipitation data <<<  to study the effects of cumulative climate shocks on long-term migratory flows in SubSaharan Africa. Overall they find evidence of a persistent impact of droughts on rural households in these countries, which translates into a much larger effect on migration compared to the peri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "high-resolution precipitation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rmers unsure about the quality of product they apply to their land.\n\n# 3. Data and empirical strategy\n\n## Data\n\nThe study uses three data sets from nationally representative household surveys in Malawi and Tanzania: the  >>> Tanzania National Panel Survey <<<  (TNPS) 2012/13, the Fourth Malawi Integrated Household Survey 2016/17 (IHS4) and the Malawi Integrated Household Panel Survey 2016/17 (IHPS).\n\nTanzania NPS 2012/13 is the third wave of the Tanzania National Panel Survey and was collected between October 2012 and November 2013. T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Tanzania National Panel Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " International Urban Poverty Database. Note: DOU: Degree of urbanization. DB: Dartboard. The cost-of-living index is prepared as a spatial deflator for each country in this study. It is normalized to 1 for each country.  >>> GHSPOP 1km <<<  is used for both the DOU and DB methods.\n\nFigure B2: Share of household heads working in agriculture across urban versus rural areas <!-- Start of picture text --> (A) Official definition (B) DOU (C) DB<br>80 80 80<br>60 60 60<br>40 40 40<br>20 20 20<br>Urban Rural<br>Urban Rura", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GHSPOP 1km", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(2011) and Ag \u0301enor (2014). Data sources used to match key ratios include the IMF\u2019s  >>> World Economic Outlook (WEO) database <<< , the oil and revenue management policy framework provided by the Uganda\u2019s Ministry of Finance and various research papers such as Pritchett (2000), Goldberg (2011), Ang \u0301enor and Aizenman (1999), Kopoin et al. (2013) and Ag \u0301enor (2014).\n\nIn the representative household\u2019s utilit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Economic Outlook (WEO) database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a Water Lot 2B. This subproject is part of the recommended actions under the 2013 Coast Water Supply Master Plan. The master plan includes scenarios and alternatives for water supply, three growth scenarios based on the  >>> 2009 census <<< , determination of service levels and willingness/ability to pay for water within the target area. The master plan includes a comprehensive non- revenue water program to reduce physical and commercial water losses in the distribution network. \n\n\n\n4. Describe measures taken by the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2009 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** Ethiopia Urban Local Government Development Program II (P133592) \n\n\n\ninvited community members to witness the handover of the completed infrastructures. \n\n37. **Asset Management Plan (AMP).**  >>> Asset inventory of most ULGs <<<  was updated as per the AMP that covered at least five main categories of assets. The ULGs were required to update these with clear budget for maintenance and new assets and show values, deficit and depreciation. These were confirmed and the asset inventory of most ULGs reflected", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Asset inventory of most ULGs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss the two databases: in the survey-based Povmonitor data, the standard deviation of growth (0.06) is slightly higher than that of inequality changes, while the opposite happens in the National Accounts-based Dollar and  >>> Kraay data <<< , in which the standard deviation of growth (0.04) is lower than that of inequality changes. On the other hand, Table 8 also shows that growth and changes in inequality are nearly uncorrelated in both databases -- a conclusion confirmed by the scatter plots in Figure 3. Although ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kraay data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", given the significantly lower transportation costs involved, phone surveys are also, by design, likely to be less expensive to implement than face-to-face high-frequency alternatives, but how much cheaper?\n\nWe use the  >>> cost data <<<  available through our survey experiment to mimic a scenario whereby an existing household baseline survey adds either short face-to-face surveys or short phone surveys. The results of this costing exercise are presented in table 11. We assume that all fixed costs related to trai", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "To calculate a cost per calorie for each food item, we assign caloric intake values to the quantities purchased, as reported in POF. The  >>> TBCA <<<  contains the caloric information for a myriad of items, but there are no common food item identifiers with the POF 2017/18 that would allow directly matching the information across the two data sources. Thus, we use the food item description in POF to look up corresponding items", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "TBCA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and the adult literacy rate is 66.8 per cent (CIA 2007). In 2003, approximately 70 per cent of the population was estimated to be below the poverty line, and UNDP ranked Angola as number 161 out of 177 countries in the  >>> 2006 Human Development Index <<<  (UNDP 2006: 286). Economic management, deep internal divisions and weak institutions have all contributed to this current state. \n\nTwenty-seven years of civil war (1975-2002) between the MPLA and UNITA left infrastructure crippled, populations scattered and local economies in sh", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2006 Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "per-day terms (expressed in 2011 PPP US dollars).<sup>12</sup> is the global poverty rate obtained from a global welfare probability density function, of daily consumption per capita, PP<sup>\u2217</sup> _y(pc)_ , in revised  >>> 2011 PPPs <<< . For our sample of 162 countries, ff(yy(. )) is equal to 11.6 percent (Table 4). We then find the value of on the density function of PP<sup>\u2217</sup> consumption that has been allocated to the individual based on the square root of household size, z\u1e91 )): ff(yy(r This substantial ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2011 PPPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2021b). Consumption data is available for 148 countries from 2000 to 2019, which restricts the time dimension of the combined dataset for this study.\n\nOverall, the  >>> unbalanced panel data <<<  we use contains 133 countries over a 20-year period (2000\u20132019), totaling 2,465 observations. Table 1 shows the summary statistics of the variables for 2017.\n\n**Table 1. Summary statistics for 2017 of the variables used in this study**\n\n||**Mean**|**Standard deviation**|**Minimu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "unbalanced panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ns targeting special groups such as pregnant women, traditional leaders (both religious and community elders), and other vulnerable groups to address the interests of women. \n\nConcerning Gender Based Violence (GBV), the  >>> DHS data <<< <sup>2</sup> reported that in all regions, there were considerable number of GBV cases. For example, in SNNP the prevalence of GBV", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Bank** Niger Accelerating Electricity Access Project (Hask\u00e9) (P174034) \n\n\n\n_Women\u2019s Employment in the Energy Sector_ \n\n14. **Specifically for the energy sector, limited sex-disaggregated data are available in Niger, but  >>> global data <<<  that are available indicate that women are underrepresented in both technical and nontechnical roles and that the sector is male dominated.** For example, a USAID study of 14 electricity distribution utilities found that women made up about 13 percent of the workforce, ranging f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ural households reports some weather event. The variation between zones and years is lowest for the occurrence of storms (Figure 9). In line with earlier findings suggesting that 2010 is the hottest and driest year, the  >>> self\u2010reported data <<<  indicates a higher occurrence of droughts in 2010 \u2013 mostly in the _Wet\u2010cold_ zone. Surprisingly, the share of communes reporting floods is highest in 2010 in the _Dry\u2010hot_ and _Wet\u2010cold_ zone, which is in contrast to the rather dry conditions in that year and the severe flood ev", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "self\u2010reported data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2000 20000<br>Provincial GDP per capita (RMB, log scale)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: DevInfo (UNICEF), a database system endorsed by the United Nations Development Group for monitoring human development. The  >>> mortality data in China <<<  used here is gathered through China\u2019s official maternal and child mortality surveillance system which until 2008 covered 116 surveillance sites covering 73million people in 31 provinces at the time of the last national census.\n\n26", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "mortality data in China", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng election-year dummies, adding region fixed effects, using a third-degree polynomial in the running variable, varying the RD bandwidth, and excluding villages with Suharto-era elites. In column 1, although the smaller  >>> administrative data <<<  sample ( _N_ =378 villages that held their last election\n\n> 13See Appendix Table A.3 and Appendix Table A.4, discussed in Section 3.3.\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e ongoing discussion on self-employment, informality, labor market segmentation and earnings differentials. It uses data from 73 countries and multiple years from a comprehensive set of harmonized household surveys, the  >>> World Bank International Income Distribution Database <<<  (I2D2), to estimate the proportion and wage differentials of self-employed, informal, formal and salaried workers from around the world. The first contribution is to provide new comprehensive estimates of the proportion of workers who are non-professional own-account workers (in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank International Income Distribution Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> IHS 2012-2016 <<<  and HIES 2017. _Notes:_ Deciles are created based on per capita household consumption.\n\n# (B) Reduced Medical Expenses\n\n<u>Figure 4</u> plots the effects of reducing out-of-pocket medical expenses after the tax-induced price increase in cigarettes. This mechanism yields positive", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IHS 2012-2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<mark>Figure 1 graphically illustrates the nature of our data by comparing damaged area at the field level (in red) to  >>> public data from ACLED <<<  (in green)</mark> for one period, <mark>showing that the former are likely to contain more information on the intensity and location of damages that may be relevant for agriculture than the ACLED data. The spatial nature and time variation in the data, aggregated at the VC level", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "public data from ACLED", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and family programs spending tend to be more rigid and slow-moving in nature and are mainly driven by demographic and structural deep-rooted social problems, respectively.<sup>10</sup> This section estimates STMs using  >>> unbalanced quarterly data <<<  for the period 1960:Q1 through 2019:Q4 for six Latin American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "unbalanced quarterly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hrough October.\n\nFigure 9 provides summary information about Karnal. Figure 9(a) displays the GGU (Karnal District, Haryana) along with the sampling area for Sentinel-5P data (bordered in blue). Figure 9(b) draws on our  >>> 5-km global database <<< ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "5-km global database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-R<sup>2</sup>|0.083|0.108|0.156|0.097|0.122|0.166|\n\n_Notes_ : All models include a constant. The standard errors are clustered at the country level to account for repeated spells. Some countries are not included in the  >>> Polity IV data <<< , so that we analyze at most 54 (out of 57) or 74 (out of 77) spells.<sup>_\u2217_</sup> _p <_ 0 _._ 1,<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup> _p <_ 0 _._ 05,<sup>_\u2217\u2217\u2217_</sup> _p <_ 0 _._ 01 _Source_ : Authors\u2019 analysis based on data from the Penn World Tables version", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Polity IV data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n**The Shona community's employment rates in 2024 are still recovering from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, regional drought, inflation crisis and continuing global economic turbulence.** According to data from the  >>> Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey <<<  (RRPS), the Shona community experienced significant job losses during the pandemic, particularly between July and September 2020, when unemployment increased dramatically.<sup>[9]</sup> This period of economic disruption caused by the pandemic led to fluctuating employment rates", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> demographic data <<<  on the Ogiek and Sengwer exists and the fact that the limitation of the operational areas of KAP-SLM has not been finalised, it is difficult to estimate how many indigenous people are affected by the KAP-SLM. For the purpose of the planning and costing a rough estimate has been ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "demographic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lts is suspected to be low in the countries under study, no data could be found to confirm this. Homelessness may be a more significant problem in the countries under study and could affect the results.\n\nThis study uses  >>> general household surveys <<<  and censuses and not data sets that focus on disability. This stems from the objective to exploit data sets that are collected on a regular basis and may be potentially used to document and track human development for persons with disabilities. Complementary research is needed t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "general household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n was typically the responsibility of the village midwife if one was present. If a midwife was not available in the community, responsibility was assumed by the _Puskesmas_ .<sup>9</sup> Descriptive information from the  >>> IFLS <<<  show that in 62 percent of communities, the village midwife administered the program, and in majority of the rest (35 percent of sampled communities), the program was supervised by a member of the Puskesmas staff. Others may have been involved in preparing program\u2019s recipient li", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IFLS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". This is true across specifications and datasets. For other countries the results are different whether we look at COMTRADE or SIPRI data. Using  >>> COMTRADE data <<<  I find arms imports from China to be particularly responsive to giant discoveries, while arms from France and Germany react strongly to discoveries but only in times of high oil prices. SIPRI data on the other hand suggest that it is Russian arms that react most to giant discove", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "COMTRADE data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ve wellbeing. Indeed, improvements in sales and profits do not necessarily imply greater satisfaction as they may have incurred other subjective costs. To address this concern, we included two endline questions from the  >>> World Values Survey <<<  to elicit subjective well-being: (1) \u201cHow satisfied are you with the financial situation of your household?\u201d and (2) \u201cHow satisfied are you with your life at this point?\u201d (see, Inglehart et al., 2014).<sup>23</sup> Table 10 shows results from regressing these two measures of sub", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Values Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " refugees. According to the recently concluded  >>> census <<< , the total number of Syrians refugees has reached about 1.3 million, and there are a further 1.6 million nonnationals in Jordan. According to the Ministry of Labor (MOL), 324,000 foreigners have work permits, 65 percent of them are Egyptians, 3 percent are from other Arab countr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " activities. It is essential that the baseline conditions of the environment are characterized to accurately predict the potential effects the proposed project will have on the environment and society. The collection of  >>> baseline data <<<  therefore focused on providing information to support the assessment of any potential impact of the project at the national level. Additionally, guidelines for conducting environmental baseline studies (EBS) for specific subprojects, once project locations are known, is included", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tantial foreign investment, suggesting that highly indebted firms, although perhaps in greater need of foreign capital, do not attract foreign ownership.<sup>8</sup> Next, we look for evidence on capital shortages using  >>> data on chaebol affiliation <<< . We include business group data since domestic investment in Korea often comes via the firm's group affiliation, as most chaebol have affiliated banks and non-bank financial companies. If groups have limited access to capital, then we expect the group debt variable to positively", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on chaebol affiliation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">1</sup> In this paper we provide new evidence on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated school closures on school dropouts and educational losses in Latin America. We take advantage of recently released  >>> microdata from national household surveys <<<  for 2020 that allows us to explore changes in school enrollment. To estimate the change in school enrollment associated with the pandemic, we run regressions of the outcome of interest\u2014an indicator of whether the individual is enrolled in education or in private education\u2014on a l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "microdata from national household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in a hydropower market with fewer bidders (due to debarment) can restrict competition and possibly increase prices and collusion risks, \n\n   - (iii)Corruption risk in procurement of big contracts taking into account the  >>> IFC\u2019s enterprise survey <<<  which reports that 43.4 % of firms are expected to give gifts to secure a contract in Niger. \n\n   - (iv)Finally, governance and corruption at the local level.  During WRD-SEM APL1, two integrity issues arose: (a) a bidder provided wrong references and bid security and the region", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IFC\u2019s enterprise survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " inadequately trained. In the poorer countries, supplies of imported equipment, arparatus, and spare parts depend on the government authorities in charge of allocating foreign-exchange.\n\nA review of available figures on  >>> Arab university library collections <<<  in Annex I reveals a wide range of acquisitions. This varies from an impressive collection of 1.1 million in King Saud University, I million in Cairo University, and 920,000 in University of Helwan to 92,000 in Ain Shams University (which has the highest enrollment of all univer", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Arab university library collections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ped financial intermediaries are associated with greater use of long-term borrowing by Middle East and North African firms. In contrast with these region- and country-specific studies, our study exploits the richness of  >>> international data <<<  to investigate the role of cross-country variation in institutional features that mediate the role of governance on debt maturity.\n\n<mark>Our paper contributes to the three strands of the literature, by showing that the governancedebt maturity relationship depends on the larger ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "international data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ered by donors. According to the ICR, the US$44.5 million provided through the quick-response component amounted to 6 percent of the current account balance and 2 percent of the country\u2018s total import bill in 2002/2003.  >>> Available data <<<  (Figure 3) shows that inflation did come down in the post 2003 period, though it began increasing again in 2006 because of other reasons. Real GDP growth rate also came", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "Available data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lages where an incumbent competed in the last election differ from other villages. In this table and the RD analysis, we exclude 8 villages where the incumbent and the highest-ranked challenger candidate are tied in the  >>> electoral data <<< .\n\n7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "electoral data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 49% to 38%.<sup>14</sup> We further split up fixed rent by fixed monetary rent (rent paid in money), and fixed crop output (rent paid in produce), a distinction we explore in the analysis.\n\nWe focus our analysis on the  >>> acreage terms data <<< . Using acreage terms instead of contract terms gives us a more accurate representation as to the amount of land, and by extension, the effect on input decision-making, and regional yields.\n\nDue to the presence of other contract forms, the total percentages in Table 1 (that is, f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "acreage terms data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " examines changes in labor market trends during the crisis for different types of workers, defined by their gender, age, education, and urban or rural residence._ Data are taken from 17 middleincome countries that field  >>> household surveys <<<  at least once per year. The outcomes measure aspects of individuals\u2019 main labor market activities and job quality. In particular, the indicators capture labor market activity, as measured by the ratios of employment, unemployment, and non-participation to total population, and u", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "implies the continuation of low coverage coupled with intermittent water supply, reliance on private water vendors and unprotected sources, and significant coping costs for water delivery and treatment. As stated in the  >>> 2015 National Service Delivery Survey <<< ,<sup>20</sup> in the driest months (January to mid-March), about 25 percent of the population relies on either vendors or unprotected water sources. Consequently, the water supply in many parts of all NWSC towns with established water systems was intermittent. Furthermore, relia", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2015 National Service Delivery Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "contrast to the ESI, we incorporate LAYS in the ASI.\n\nIn developing the ASI we followed a few guiding principles. First, we chose data series all of which were derived from a specific source such as WDI,  >>> ED Stats <<<  or Penn World Tables. The intent was to preserve data comparability across countries as much as possible. Second, comparable series for which data for all countries were available were few. Therefore, we ignored some series we deemed useful in preference to others with fewer mis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ED Stats", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ally identical at respectively 41.8 percent and 41.9 percent. Indicators of human development and access to services are also low. Djibouti ranks 164 out of 187 countries in the United Nations Development Program (UNDP)  >>> 2012 Human Development Index <<< . \n\n4. **Job creation is critical for Djibouti\u2019s long-term growth and poverty reduction performance.** The large amounts of foreign investment that Djibouti attracts have not created many jobs compared to other countries in the region (figure 2). Djibouti\u2019s small and young popula", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2012 Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " probability density function curves (panel a) and the cumulative distribution function curves (panel b), respectively. We clearly observe that the distribution of expenditure per capita in Lebanon estimated through the  >>> LB-Verif data <<<  is shifted to the right in comparison to the other distributions (panel a). This reveals that the proportion of poor individuals is much smaller in the former than in the latter cases. On the contrary, the group of refugees interviewed in JD-HV2 is more compressed around smaller", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-Verif data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t, linked to unsafe drinking water, poor sanitation, and hygiene. Direct savings are related to reduction of diarrhea incidence (in 2023, 21.3 percent of Kenyan children under five years reported diarrhea). Based on the  >>> World Health Organization global estimates <<< , the Program is expected to reduce diarrhea incidence in selected counties by 5 percent per year from 21.3 percent to 16 percent a year. The Program will reduce GHG emissions through strategic investment into WSS provision, with the most GHG emission reductions expected from red", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Health Organization global estimates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " area effect for each small area. The model was estimated using the fayherriot package in Stata (Halbmeier et al., 2019). The third column of Table A3 presents the coefficients from a post-LASSO OLS regression using the  >>> sample data <<< , collapsed to the municipal (area) level. We provide more details on these alternative models in Appendixes C and D.\n\n# 5. Main Results\n\n## _5.1 Bias and uncertainty_\n\nTable 2 displays evaluation metrics for overall bias and uncertainty for the two direct survey estimates (the H", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sample data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al camps in order to accommodate the increasing number of Syrian refugees, while at the same time this solution raises fears of increased security issues, although the idea of establishing camps was not prevalent in the  >>> quantitative data <<< . This desire was linked to the perception that if the refugees were living in camps, their needs would be met by the aid community and they would not need to work. however, others disagreed. Those against establishing refugee camps for Syrians cited Lebanon\u2019s historical experien", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quantitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Leq** , Value of A-weighted sound pressure level of a continuous steady sound that, within a specified interval, has the same mean square sound pressure as a sound under consideration whose level varies with time. \n\nThe  >>> noise level measurements <<<  were carried on 13<sup>th</sup> January 2009 at three points located within the proposed site for Plant No. 3. The measurements duration was 30 minutes per point. **Table 2** below presents the noise measurement results obtained at the site: \n\n**<u>Table 2: Noise Measurement Res", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "noise level measurements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Notes: _Secondary_ includes both general and technical secondary education. Controls for field of education, gender, ethnicity and residence are included. \u201cRet\u201d stands for retirement age. _Source:_ Calculations based on  >>> LFS 2002 <<< .\n\n**Technological skills are in high demand.** Two broad fields of education which make job search most successful in Latvia are: (i.) transport or communications, and (ii.) engineering, technologies, construction, computer science and mathematics (Figure 17).\n\n23", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LFS 2002", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed during the study are aslso annexed to this report. \n\n## **5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION** \n\nThese section present PAP\u2019s response on education, social issues including income and energy sources among others. \n\n## _5.1.1  >>> Education data of population <<<  within the project area_ \n\nThe data collected on the education level of the PAP dependents who are above 18 is presented on the graph below. \n\n## _5.1.2 Figure 5.1.1 Education data of population within the project area_ \n\nThe education level of the children above 18 years was as", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Education data of population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e results. It can be seen that institutions and governance play a significant role in the determination of the level of tax effort in transition and developing countries using the Kaufmann et al. (2004) data set and the  >>> International Country Risk Guide database <<< . The ICRG provides an alternative set of data to the Quality of Governance Index, with special emphasis on aspects affecting private foreign investment decisions. The data contain annual values for indicators of the quality of governance, constructed by Stephen Knack and the IRI", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Country Risk Guide database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of homicides per 100,000 inhabitants in a country normalized across all the countries in the sample using var-varmin/varmax-varmin\n\n# **4.2 Linking social sustainability, poverty, inequality and income levels**\n\nWe use  >>> country-level data <<<  to scatter plot the logarithm of per capita GDP in PPP (international dollars 2017) and each of the social sustainability dimension indices. Additionally, we also plot poverty headcount, using national poverty lines of each country\u2019s latest year with available information, again", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ge received in-kind transfers). We include these villages and interpret results as intent-to-treat estimates.\n\nFor all children born between 1998 and 2004 - those who were 6 years old or younger at the time of the first  >>> PAL survey <<<  - we merge individual and household level information both from the baseline and the follow-up evaluation surveys with grades 3 through 6 ENLACE test score data between 2007 and 2013.<sup>11</sup> The ENLACE identifies students through the government-issued identifier, the _Clav", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PAL survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".05; ***p _<_ 0.01 In terms of the non-classical measurement errors that were uncovered in the  >>> ERIVaS data <<< , similar patterns emerge from the EACI sample. Table 11 shows the means of alternative yield and harvest measures for pure stand and intercropped sorghum plots. Similar to ERIVaS, the mean differences between SR and CC measures are statistically significant. However, in the nati", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ERIVaS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erpreted as the change in profit per set from fishing near closures.\n\nWhen I define the near indicator relative to potential closures, I find that sets that happen 27Vessels report catching 0 tons for 11% of sets in the  >>> electronic logbook data <<< .\n\n37", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "electronic logbook data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dies the dynamics of firms around the use of capital markets. Section 5 concludes.\n\n# **2. Data**\n\nTo analyze the capital market financing and performance of firms in China and India, we assemble a new and comprehensive  >>> firm-level data set <<<  covering firms\u2019 security issuances in capital markets around the world as well as balance sheet data. Our data on capital raising activity come from the Thomson Reuters\u2019 SDC Platinum database, which provides transactionlevel information on new issues of common and preferred equi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "but rather gradual declines in age. Presumably this smoothing is partly due to grade retention. There is a steady increase in specialization in 26We can compare the characteristics of our sample to those surveyed in the  >>> 2013 DHS data <<< , in the same age range and resident in the same districts (although covering urban areas too). We find the samples have similar characteristics in terms of likelihood to be married, having children, being sexually active, age of sexual debut and the frequency of unwanted sex.\n\n>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2013 DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ere outbreak which took place between September and December 2018 and was concentrated in the capital, Harare. Of almost 10,000 cases, 93% (9,755) were reported in Harare, resulting in 46 deaths. According to the latest  >>> DHS data <<< , 30% of Harare\u2019s population is connected to an existing sewer network, compared to just 12% in neighboring country capital Lusaka, Zambia (DHS, 2015 & 2018).\n\nAll the data detailed in the paragraphs below was cleared for use by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRC-Z). T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "markets. For that the paper uses the Romanian firm-level data from the Ministry of Finance covering enterprises of all sizes (hereafter referred to as MoF firm-level data) for the period 2011-2020, combined with the new  >>> World Bank Businesses of the State <<<  (BOS) database that", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Businesses of the State", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " consumption seems to have a somewhat stronger relationship, especially when both variables are combined. We therefore rely on electricity consumption to track economic activity at the country and state level, for which  >>> electricity data <<<  is available, and rely on nighttime light intensity for districts and cities.\n\n> 13It is also in line with other estimates in the literature (Stern 2018).\n\n> 14With 1.5, our coefficient is much larger than the one Henderson et al. (2012) find in an annual panel regression using ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "electricity data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y 15\n\n# **Table 5.** Control variables (vector **X** ).\n\n|**Dimension **|**Variable**|**Description **|**Datasource for calculation **|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|I. Size|pop_2010|Sum of population count within the urban extent| >>> Urban extents 2010 <<<  and population count at pixel<br>level from GHS for 2015 (GHS_POP_<br>GPW42015_GLOBE_R2015A_54009_250_v1_0)|\n||density|pop_2010/ areac_ue2010_km2|Urban extents 2010 and population count at pixel<br>level from GHS for 2015 (GHS_POP_<br>GPW42015_GLOBE_R2015A_54009_250_v1_0)<br>and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Urban extents 2010", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " result connections can be much more complicated.\n\n# Water supply and sanitation\n\n## **Achievements**\n\nGhana is one of only five African countries that have already achieved the MDG target for water supply. According to  >>> DHS survey evidence <<< , the percentage of households with access to an improved drinking water source rose from 69 percent in the 2003 survey to 84 percent in the 2008 survey, exceeding the MDG target of 76 percent.\n\nCompared with other low-income African countries, Ghana has a relatively large share ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS survey evidence", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "evel, are in brackets;<sup>*</sup> _p_ < 0.10,<sup>**</sup> _p_ < 0.05,<sup>***</sup> _p_ < 0.01. (4) Population density is measured as population per square kilometer. (5) Growth, Gini, and Sen Index are measured using  >>> lights data <<<  as described in the data section. (6) Fixed effects include time-fixed effects, district-fixed effects, and country-year-fixed effects. (7) Climate is measured using the standard deviation of rainfall distribution at the district level. (8) Analysis based on World Bank GEM data ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "lights data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " National Food Security Program, and the project pioneered arrangements for working in a newly decentralized environment which have provided key lessons to subsequent projects.  Also, the outcomes documented through the  >>> end-user surveys <<<  were positive.  These were substantiated through the post closing impact assessment, which showed modestly positive impacts, and were in line with the assessment of the overall NFSP.  The efficiency was acceptable, since the value for money was within a reasonable range for a CD", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "end-user surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " side of the market, as all tenants, even landless tenants, are considered in the sampling process.\n\n# **Migration: Census of India**\n\nWe use bilateral district-to-district migration data obtained from the 2001 and 2011  >>> Population Censuses of India <<< . The Census is the only data source with information on both the source and origin district of migrants for all the districts of India.\n\nThe Census, which is conducted every decade, asks every individual if the place in which they are enumerated during the census is different fr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Population Censuses of India", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f water is River Ntebeko and it\u2019s seasonal. The nearest HC III is in Gisozi. The site is within the national Electricity power grid so electricity will be the source of power. \n\n### **5.2 General Biological baseline** \n\n >>> Biodiversity surveys <<<  for the proposed constructions were conducted within four sites i.e., Ntebeko Senior, Nyakagezi Junior, Muremure Junior and Ntebeko Entry gate \n\n### **5.2.1 Flora** \n\nThe dominant vegetation in the proposed sites can be described as a colonising afro montane forest. 53% of the r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Biodiversity surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " institution PAP etc. from one parcel of land to a different parcel of land outside the settlement due to the planning and survey activities including demarcation of roads. \n\n**Cut-off date** is the date of start of the  >>> socio-economic survey/census and asset inventory of PAPs <<< . Persons entering and/or occupying land in the project area after this date and not included in the inventory of PAPs will not be considered eligible for compensation and or resettlement Assistance. Similarly, fixed assets such as build structures, crops and trees established af", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic survey/census and asset inventory of PAPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|6.3|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations;  >>> ESS 2018/19data <<< .\n\nIn general, looking at the final income, we see that the fiscal actions reduced poverty and inequality for both men and women. Moving along the income concepts, we see the changes in poverty and inequality due to different taxes and transfers. For example, from market to gross", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ESS 2018/19data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>47GW 47% Diesel and HFO 47GW<br>(excluding South (South Africa<br>Africa) Coal only)<br>Other renewables<br>26% 82%<br>Nuclear<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : World Bank staff calculations taking data from  >>> utility annual reports <<<  and other documents.\n\nWith a population of almost one billion people, installed capacity in all 48 countries in SSA in 2014 was 94 gigawatts (GW), up from 68 GW in 2005 (Eberhard et al 2011). The total regional capacity is less than that in Spain, whereas Spain has a total popul", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "utility annual reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion of this paper relative to other studies that have used the HFPS is the use of household-level welfare data to estimate the distributional impacts of the pandemic. For countries that drew their sample from a previous  >>> pre-pandemic household survey <<<  (Mongolia and Vietnam), consumption data from these existing surveys could be used to identify each household\u2019s welfare status before the pandemic. For the other five countries that employed random digit dialing methods or did not have prepandemic consumption information, welfar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "pre-pandemic household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "##### **Mobile Money** \n\nThe  >>> 2019 GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index <<<  shows a 78 per cent penetration for mobile connections.<sup>241</sup> However, mobile money is relatively new to the country.<sup>242</sup> Two MNOs \u2013 MTN and Sudatel \u2013 have obtained their licenses for mobile money services from the regulatory authority and only a few humanitari", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 GSMA Mobile Connectivity Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ted moving due to government relocation or security concerns, and only about four percent for the purposes of studying.\n\nThere is imprecision associated with these population estimates, which is magnified by the lack of  >>> census data <<<  for Uzbekistan (no census has been conducted since independence, though one is planned for 2022). In particular", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ase in point, extension staff in the pilot areas are now actively seeking research information and guidance on short-season bean cultivation, and on mixed cropping systems. For the time being, there appears to be enough  >>> research data <<<  and experience available to permit generation of more useful extension messages but in the medium to long run there will be a need to strengthen adaptive research to meet demand from a growing T & V program. \n\n2.04 It was clear that the training given by the consultants and the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "research data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tatements in accordance with regulations. Corruption is measured through the National Integrity Survey every two years but further work i s needed to agree on a relatively reliable interim measure (Uganda\u2019s score on the  >>> Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index <<<  i s shown in Table 2 to provide one indication o f the trend in perceptions). \n\n39. The prior actions under the current series o f PRSCs are designed to support the achievement o f the PEAP outcome indicators shown in Table 2, either directly or by ensuring that requisite enviro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nternational protection. For a definition of non-refoulement, please see the UNHCR Glossary: https://www.unhcr.org/glossary/#non-refoulement. \n\n> 5 The eight whose individual socioeconomic situations are analyzed in the  >>> high-frequency phone survey <<<  part of this paper, and all applied a partial or complete closure of their borders. \n\n> 6 UNHCR COVID-19 Platform, Temporary Measures and Impact on Protection, https://im.unhcr.org/covid19_platform/, as consulted on May 14, 2021. In May 2020, no data was available for 27 countri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "high-frequency phone survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **Overview** \n\n##### **Background and Motivation** \n\nAs June 20th marked World Refugee Day, the  >>> global count of registered refugees and internally displaced persons <<<  (IDPs) has reached the highest level since World War II, with a combined figure of over 50 million people (13 million refugees and 38 million IDPs).<sup>1</sup> In addition to their humanitarian dimensions, refugee and IDP crises reflect development failures that are not easily ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global count of registered refugees and internally displaced persons", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ce access permitted<br>Improved security<br>Access to microfunds<br>Other reasons<br>0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70<br>Percentage of responses<br>Factors for relations Factors for liking<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nSource:  >>> ITFC survey <<< , 2004. \n\nThe ITFC study found that community knowledge of MBIFCT activities was widespread; about 60 percent of respondents knew about the trust-supported community projects in their parish. Of those who were aware of the trust, 91 percent said they had gained from it in some wa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ITFC survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " such as access to drinking water (e.g., Gilbert 2001; ECLAC 1996). Yet another alternative to estimating the qualitative housing deficit is to survey HHs\u2019 satisfaction with their homes. Gallup recently conducted such a  >>> perception-based survey <<<  asking respondents about their satisfaction with the availability of good, affordable housing. The results highlight a wide gap in satisfaction levels across countries which reflect the diversity of housing markets across the world (Gallup 2021).\n\nThese varying definitions and a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "perception-based survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion. Food staples 41.6 billion. These exemptions are estimated to represent 6.0, 12.8 and 6.0 percent, respectively, of total tax expenditures in year 2016 (or 0.7, 1.5 and 0.7 percent of total fiscal revenues in 2016).  >>> Data provided by the Mongolia Ministry of Finance <<<  in April 2017.\n\n> 4 Exemptions on hybrid cars are", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data provided by the Mongolia Ministry of Finance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||||||fan|||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Total|1246|51.9|54.6|2.6|Television,<br>radio|15.8|Poultry,<br>goats,<br>swine|\n\nSource: Own computations using  >>> June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys <<< . Notes: The sample is restricted to the households residing in the six strata that cover areas directly affected by the earthquake. *Among households practicing agriculture before the earthquake.\n\n44", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d ....... \" (p. 56). The product of these two (which are almost by definition less than unity) will yield the percentage increase in the caloric intake of the child. On the basis of this model, Knudsen (1981) shows with  >>> data from Tamil Nadu, India <<< , that a food transfer of the value of 10% of family income, for example, will induce in a family with per capita caloiic intake of 2,110 calories (80% of FAO requirements) to increase the caloric intake of a child with a ration of 290 calories by only 40 calories.27 26 If the pr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from Tamil Nadu, India", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>11%<br>Trading<br>Salaried worker<br>13%<br>Commercial farmer<br>69%  Bodaboda<br>Taxi/special hire driver<br>Artisanal skills eg welding, bui<br>Other<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nAs presented above, based on the  >>> household survey <<<  conducted along the proposed line in Arua district, it was established that agriculture is the main economic activity engaging up to 68.6% of the respondents with trading and salaried work contributing 13.6% and 11.9% respectively. Other important activities are charcoal burning", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "umber of returns were to Jonglei (191,052), Upper Nile (164,068), and Western Bahr Ghazal (162,770).<sup>27</sup> These figures indicate an accelerating pace of return since the agreement was signed. According to recent  >>> intention surveys <<<  by both the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and IOM, the main pull factors for return are improved security, family reunification, access to basic services, and livelihood opportunities. About 30 percent of refugees in neighboring countries consider returning, with I", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "intention surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ration and emigration alter the skill composition in an economy (i.e. the ratio of highly educated to the less educated). There is some debate in the literature on this issue as well. Moretti (2004a and 2004b), based on  >>> data from the US cities <<< , puts the elasticity of productivity to the share of college educated between 0.75 and 1. On the opposite end of the spectrum, Acemoglu and Angrist (2001) estimate essentially no productivity e\u00a4ect of increased schooling in US states. Iranzo and Peri (2009) estimate an externali", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the US cities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to expand the sample size; (d) lack of access to displacementaffected areas; and (e) difficulties associated with integrating an inherently political topic into less controversial surveys.\n\n# **_Border crossings_**\n\nThe  >>> registration of people crossing internationals borders <<<  is conducted in many countries, and in some cases these data are used to estimate migration flows. Identifying refugees among people crossing borders is a significant challenge, particularly if individuals decide not to apply for asylum or refugee status (UNSD 2014). Additional ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "registration of people crossing internationals borders", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "trong among women. The study suggests that this is mainly driven by an increase in small enterprises and self\u2010employment, rather than larger\u2010scale industrialization of rural regions (Dinkelman, 2011).\n\nUsing data on the  >>> Indian wholesale electricity trade market <<< , Ryan (2017) simulates the effect of additional transmission infrastructure in regions where limited transmission capacity is obstructing trade and economic activity. He finds that investments in transmission capacity can lead to social benefits (i.e. additional consumer and pro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Indian wholesale electricity trade market", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Korea, rising inequality has been attributed to an upshot in part-time and contractual work arrangements in the aftermath of CBI (Pirie, 2007). To capture this e\u21b5ect, we take the incidence of part-time workers from the  >>> OECD Database <<<  (Teorell et al., 2018). In addition to an increase in more flexible work arrangements, we expect that a \u2018flexibilization\u2019 of labor markets and wage restraint agreements in social pacts lead to wage moderation (i.e., lower real wage growth). To capture wage moderation and to mimi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h the lowest predicted welfare. Having a kitchen or stove increases welfare, while crowding reduces it in both data sets. Other variables such as paying rent and coping mechanism and having ventilation were important in  >>> JD-HV2 data <<<  but not in JD-HV3 data. Vice versa, other variables such as food consumption and children's education were important in the JD-HV3 data but not in JD-HV2. \n\n_Poverty predictors_ . In terms of the characteristics of the PA, the poverty predictors largely mimic the welfare predict", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (SSSU) stopped making such data available in 2019. To assess the impact of the conflict on changes in farm profitability, we thus resorted to conducting our own  >>> survey of small and medium-scale farmers <<<  in areas not affected by the conflict. Annex A explains the sample, for which we used Ukraine\u2019s State Agrarian Register (SAR) as a sample frame, in more detail and compares it to the sample used by the SSSU. The data were collected by phone in two waves in winter 2022/23 (collec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of small and medium-scale farmers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ternal finance in the measurement of finance misallocation. The sector-wide external finance is the average across firms in the industry. As said, for identification, we apply this indicator to the U.S. economy based on  >>> Compustat data <<< . Finally, we classify an industry as highly dependent on external finance if its indicator is above the median across all industries.\n\nTable 7 presents the results from estimating equation 23. We report a positive and statistically significant coefficient for the effect of finan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Compustat data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Hoerling et al. 2006). Across SSA an estimated 60 percent of all land is at risk of desertification (Benson et al. 1997).\n\nImproved water and land management can help stem or even reverse those patterns. The most recent  >>> household survey data <<<  from across the continent show that less than 5 percent of farming households have\n\n> 9 Democratic Republic of Congo, Angola, Congo, Zambia, Cameroon, Mozambique, Central African Republic, Gabon, Sudan.\n\n> 10 Foster and Rosenzweig (2011) suggest that, in India, once one values l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istributions at the one-week-of-sample by one-degree grid cell level, I find that the closures policy increases juvenile catch by 49% (delta method standard error is 5.7%).<sup>45</sup> Figure C1a displays the resulting  >>> length distribution data <<<  for all sets. I calculate the number of individuals caught by non-SNP sets with each set\u2019s length distribution and tons caught.\n\nFor example, suppose the reported percentage juvenile for a non-SNP set is 20%, the individuals-weighted average percentage juvenile among SNP sets in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "length distribution data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts of average household growth and bottom household growth on pollution and see if there is differential in potential impacts of pollution on the two different income groups.\n\n## **5.1 Data**\n\nOur analysis relies on two  >>> longitudinal data sets <<< . As a proxy for air pollution, we use the global estimates of fine particulate matter developed by van van Donkelaar et al. (2016). We 22", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "longitudinal data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " does not examine an additional important gap, between what workers can do and what they actually do in practice. We report three estimates for care readiness for each condition. Our main estimate is based solely on the  >>> survey data <<< . We then consider a hypothetical scenario in which all health workers are present: we replace the survey-based estimate of absenteeism at the facility level for a type of worker 8", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " World Value Survey following the instructions provided by the World Values Survey organization (www.worldvaluessurvey.org). The resulting dataset includes five rounds of the World Values Surveys and three rounds of the  >>> European Values Surveys <<<  for a total of 98 countries, 1639 regions, 24 recorded years and 355,298 observations. This is the largest dataset of its kind to date.\n\nOur final objective is to assess the impact of bonding and bridging attitudes on life satisfaction worldwide. For this purpose we use what can", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "European Values Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd gift giving within and across families and shows that the elderly and women participate less in them than the young and male, and thus tend to rely more on formal systems of social security than informal ones.\n\nUsing  >>> rural household data collected by IFPRI <<<  in Mali\u2018s Zone Lacustre, a few studies have examined the degree to which shocks are reflected in consumption (Skoufias and Quisumbing 2003; Harrower and Hoddinott 2004). Harrower and Hoddinott find that idiosyncratic shocks such as the illness of a prime age adult household memb", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "rural household data collected by IFPRI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "wn councils. The PDPs were generally aligned with beneficiary needs, evidenced by the fact that 84.4 percent of beneficiaries were satisfied with the USMID design and implementation across all the RHDs, according to the  >>> Beneficiary Satisfaction Survey <<<  (BSS) report for refugees and host districts. A total of 5,686 titles were prepared through Systematic Land Adjudication and Certification (SLAAC) against a target of 5,000.<sup>8</sup> Land titling contributed to reduced land wrangles and disputes, provided opportunities for wo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Beneficiary Satisfaction Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ory perceptions between both nationalities. it was found that the majority of Lebanese residents and Syrian refugees interact on a daily basis and are relatively comfortable with each other. results indicate that 65% of  >>> Lebanese survey <<<  respondents said they interact with Syrians more than once a day. Against this backdrop of frequent inter-communal interaction, more than half of Lebanese and Syrians were also seen to be relatively comfortable with one and other. A total of 57% of  Syrians and 51% of Lebanese s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Lebanese survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oyment and Opportunities (P151831) \n\n\n\n## **13. Assessment Recommended?** \n\n### No \n\n## **14. Comments on Quality of ICR** \n\nThe ICR was concise and consistent with guidelines. It had a strong results orientation, using  >>> impact assessment data <<<  to focus on outcomes in employment and income, not just participation in training. The quality of the evidence was satisfactory, although the analysis could have included more details on project outputs (for example, number of beneficiaries who completed the training and/or inte", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "impact assessment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "people_\n\nWe now perform a similar analysis of which household workers may be likelier to be forgotten in recall-based reporting and why.\n\nFirst, as above, we examine the entry and exit of people from the household using  >>> weekly data <<< . In the baseline survey, households reported on household members who were working on each of the household plots. Figure 3 shows that, in this earliest survey, an average of 2.1 people per weekly visit household were reported as engaged in agricultural work. This number grew\n\n>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "weekly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ink that under different leadership they would have been better off. Since the Gallup World Poll does not include a voting variable and some of the demographic variables of interest to us, we again use the data from the  >>> Brazilian Electoral Study <<<  and a logistic regression to link the likelihood to vote for Bolsonaro to a similar set of variables as those included in the analysis of SWB change in section 4.4.\n\n**Table 8: Factors Associated with the Bolsonaro Vote \u2013 Logistic Regression**\n\n|**Panel A**|**Dependent**<br>**va", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Brazilian Electoral Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uthorities. Anyone encroaching<sup>ontheUETCL</sup> titled land (census and valuation) will not be eligible to compensation<sup>or anyformof</sup> resettlement assistance. \n\n###### **8.6 Vulnerable Groups** \n\nDuring the  >>> household survey <<< , it was found out that there were only three<sup>female-</sup> headed households. Some of these women are widows while the rest<sup>simply prefer</sup> not to get married. There was no one identified as<sup>having physical in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||2.9|3.2|2.2|1.8|\n|Urban population (%**_ofpopulation)_**|||12.2|36.7|30.7|\n|Total fertility rate**_(births per woman)_**||||5.2|3.6|\n|**POVERTY**(%**_ofpopulation)(200516)_**||||||\n|National headcount index|||31.5|||\n| >>> Urban headcount index <<< |||13.7|||\n|Rural headcount index|||34.2|||\n|**INCOME**||||||\n|GNI per capita_(US$)_||340|260|600|510|\n|Consumerprice", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Urban headcount index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "imension-dataprotection/adequacy-decisions_en.\n\n> 230 See GDPR, arts 44-49. Indeed, our survey respondents indicated that they rely principally on standard contractual clauses for cross-border data transfer from the EU.  >>> Privacy Survey <<< , at 23.\n\n> 231 _See_ Chander, _supra_ note 52.\n\n> 232 Aaditya Mattoo & Joshua P. Meltzer, _International Data Flows and Privacy: The Conflict and Its Resolution_ , 21 23 J. INT\u2019L EC. L. 769, 771 (2018) (\u201cthe EU\u2013US Privacy Shield offers a way of resolving the conflict between reg", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Privacy Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l Approach**\n\nGiven the improved cookstove RCT and the repeated choice experiments that were conducted in 2013 and in 2016, our data allow us to study temporal stability and the evolution of preferences elicited using a  >>> choice experiment survey <<<  within a difference-in-difference framework. The choice experiment in 2013 was conducted immediately prior to the improved stove RCT.\n\n## _Choice Experiment Design_\n\nChoice experiments are a stated preference valuation method used to determine individuals\u2019 willingness to pay (WT", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "choice experiment survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and Young, forthcoming). Pagliari, Phillips, and Young (forthcoming) show for  >>> US survey data <<<  that individuals with larger asset positions are more likely to be in favor of looser financial regulations. Taken together, we expect that these reinforcing mechanisms lead to an amplification of the initial e\u21b5ect of CBI on income inequality dynamics.\n\n> 8In many instances, gov", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "US survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cutoffs (which represents 97% of applicants)<sup>1</sup> . For all analyses, we study \u201cmedium-term\u201d and \u201cshort term\u201d effects by using  >>> data on program recipients <<<  that began the five-year program in 2011-2012 (34 years in the program) and 2013-2014 (1-2 years in the program), respectively.\n\nWith respect to environmental impacts, we found that the program increased management activities by participant communities to protect land cover--suc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on program recipients", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "### ANNEX A \n\n#### **<mark>COLLECTED KEY FINDINGS</mark>** \n\n###### **Chapter 3. AMIF FUNDING** \n\n- The current distribution formula for AMIF funding for MS National Programmes is effectively based on  >>> statistical snapshots of migration situations <<<  in MS during 2011-12, and thus does not produce allocations that reflect current MS needs and situations. \n\n- AMIF emergency assistance has provided MS with flexibility and the capacity to respond to changing migration and asylum needs. \n\n###### **Chapter 4. AMIF NATIONAL PROGRA", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistical snapshots of migration situations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ",100 COVID-19 cases in the country. In order to slow the rate of infection a lockdown policy was initiated in April 2020, however, most highly restrictive measures were lifted by the end of May 2020. Three rounds of the  >>> COVID19 High-Frequency Phone Surveys <<<  have been conducted to date. The first two rounds focused on only the national sample. The third round followed households that had been interviewed in the first two rounds and introduced a sub-sample of households which included refugees and asylum seekers. The phone surveys we", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "COVID19 High-Frequency Phone Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eau de confiance des r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019\u00e9tude. Pour rendre compte des r\u00e9sultats au niveau national, des pond\u00e9rations sont utilis\u00e9es et les indicateurs sont mesur\u00e9s sur la population totale de Cote d\u2019Ivoire en 2018 selon les  >>> donn\u00e9es de projection du RGPH 2014 <<<  (25 195 539 millions). Une description plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9e du plan de sondage se trouve \u00e0 l\u2019Annexe D, plan de sondage. L\u2019", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es de projection du RGPH 2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tal Market Authority (CMA) and include market price and shares traded for about 1100 firms and financial information on approximately 900 firms. The data on market prices and volumes are available for 1997\u2013 2001 and the  >>> data on financial statements <<<  cover 1995\u20132001. Because year 2001 is very underrepresented and biased toward the large firms, it is excluded from most of the analysis.<sup>3</sup> An important adjustment has been made to reported accounts in order to carry out the analysis. This is required because most firms", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on financial statements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a universal database that could be used to identify and target recipients (Octavia, 2020; Pitoyo et al., 2021).\n\nNevertheless, not all informal enterprises and workers suffered because of the pandemic. A series of small  >>> MSME surveys <<<  conducted between March 2020 and May 2021 by the ADB revealed two distinct groups: those who were disrupted by the pandemic on one hand, and those who benefited from the pandemic on the other hand (Shinozaki, 2022). Several factors influenced outcomes. First, informal enterprise", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "MSME surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "30,739|30,788|30,884|30,896|30,892|30,900|30,897|30,901|\n|_R_<sup>2</sup>|0.108|0.042|0.018|0.087|0.068|0.099|0.092|0.079|0.151|0.061|0.063|\n\nThis table shows OLS regression estimates using the first five waves from the  >>> Rapid Response Phone Survey data <<<  in Kenya. All regressions include the set of controls described in Table 1. Robust standard errors clustered within counties are reported in parentheses. *** p _<_ 0.01, ** p _<_ 0.05, * p _<_ 0.1.\n\nWhen it comes to household actions specific", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Rapid Response Phone Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of a unilateral trade liberalization.<sup>3</sup> We give specific attention to the France-China trade relationship so to account for the role of China in the global trading system and its trade policy commitment. Using  >>> French micro-level data <<< , our empirical strategy consists in investigating how French firms\u2019 product scope and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "French micro-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the local expansion of the program was systematically related to the change in the agricultural price index or, rather, to the instrumental variable for this change.\n\nBased on 7-day employment recall information in the  >>> NSS-EUS <<< , I compute the population weighted mean of the fraction of days per week spent in public works employment (both NREGA and other) for rounds 61 and 66.<sup>29</sup> Including the 2004-09 change in this public works employment variable (\u2206 _PW_ ) in regression (8) results in no app", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSS-EUS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng as a share of GDP, with the IMF\u2019s numbers averaging 0.7 percentage point higher. Similarly, we found an average 0.8 percentage point difference between UIS data for this measure and those reported in the World Bank\u2019s  >>> public expenditure reviews <<<  (PERs), since 2013 (Figure 1).<sup>2</sup>\n\n# **Box 1: Indicator Definitions and Sources**<sup>**a**</sup>\n\nWe primarily used data from UNESCO\u2019s Institute of Statistics (UIS) to document country-level changes in education spending between 1999 and 2015 (Table 1). Where there wer", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "public expenditure reviews", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ops out. Thus, the coefficients **_\u03b1_** are identified only from those who \u201cswitched\u201d between different ownership categories.\n\n# **4.2. Data and Summary Statistics**\n\nOut of the individuals whose ages range 15-59 in the  >>> VHLSS 2004 <<< , 10,526 persons are matched as having appeared in the VHLSS in both 2002 and 2004.<sup>38</sup> Table 7 demonstrates how these individuals changed their employment/ownership status, showing the numbers of individuals for each cell by the status in 2002 (by row) and 2004 (by colu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VHLSS 2004", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ectricity services in Addis Ababa, which are mainly based on utility financial reports; (2) customer billing records from the electricity utility; (3) customer billing records from the water utility, which we match with  >>> data from the electricity utility <<< ; and (4) in-person interviews with respondents in the sample households. We are able to match household electricity and water billing records with the household demographic and socioeconomic data collected via our household survey. In a companion paper (Cardenas and Whittington ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the electricity utility", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ming or non-price policies aiming facilitating increased private sector involvement combined with better provision of public goods.\n\nWe analyze this issue using data from a two-year panel of about 5000 rural households.  >>> Panel data <<<  econometric methods allow us to overcome the biases inherent in cross sectional analysis and, from estimation of a production function plus associated demand equation for land, fertilizer,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ce 2014, indicating that recent funding cuts are significantly disproportional to the needs of the camp. \n\n###### **3.1.3 Refugee and host profiles: education, demographics, clans** \n\nThe information recorded in UNHCR\u2019s  >>> proGres database <<<  needs updating but indicates basic demographic information. The majority of refugees registered do not have formal education, with 54% having no education at all and 11% benefiting from informal education only. \n\n**Figure 7: Education attainments (highest level achieved per hous", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "proGres database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ndard and malfunctioning equipment, poor management, lacking investment and maintenance, as well as natural stresses and disasters.\n\nTo analyze how natural shocks cause infrastructure disruptions, this analysis combines  >>> firm-level microdata <<<  and natural hazard exposure data. Enterprise Survey observations are used for 13 major African cities. Flood hazard data is drawn from the highest-quality flood map available in each city. Using the nonrandomized ES locations, each firm\u2019s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uses regression residuals to measure performance. Regression residuals are hard to interpret as inefficiency, because they are mixed with noise and take positive and negative values. As an illustration, the paper uses a  >>> panel of 142 countries with yearly data <<<  for 2005\u201314 and considers a set of 10 development indicators. It finds that the potential for improvement does not follow a simple relationship with economic development, with some lower-income countries being closer to their own feasible frontier than more advanced countries ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel of 142 countries with yearly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ulation data was included. The population data sets were aggregated up to the same cell size as the VIIRS data and then matched to find the total population in each nightlight cell. Due to slight differences between the  >>> HRSL <<<  and WorldPop data sets, two different cutoffs for populated cells were utilized. As HRSL specifically provide settled areas and set other areas to having 0 population, any VIIRS cell with no settled areas in it, would be excluded from the final data set. As for the WorldPop data", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HRSL", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al measure to consider is Transparency International\u2019s Corruption Perception Index (CPI). This index ranks 176 countries on a scale from 0 (\u201chighly corrupt\u201d) to 100 (\u201cvery clean\u201d) as determined by expert assessments and  >>> opinion surveys <<< . In 2017, Denmark and New Zealand were perceived as the least corrupt countries in the world, while the country perceived as the most corrupt in the world was Somalia. The last column of table 1 displays the index values for the selected countries. We can see that Argentina rank", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "opinion surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " argument that has been raised against the reform is that tobacco taxation is regressive because low-income households assign a larger share of their budgets to tobacco products. This note relies on information from the  >>> HIES 2016/2017 <<<  to (1) describe recent tobacco consumption patterns among households and (2) shed light on the distributional impacts of an increase in the price of cigarettes.\n\nThe study is structured as follows. Section 2 presents the data and some descriptive statistics. Section 3 describes ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES 2016/2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "text -->\n100<br>80<br>49 50 49 48 49 50<br>60<br>40<br>51 50 51 52 51 50<br>20<br>0<br>Shona  National Shona National Shona National<br>(urban)<br>Population average Kiambu County Nairobi County<br>Men Women<br>Source:   >>> Shona SES <<<  (2019) and KIHBS (KNBS 2015/16).<br>\ue063  FIGURE 4:  Demographic profile of the Shona community and Kenyans<br>Population pyramid Shona Population pyramid urban Kenya<br>Year 2019 Year 2016<br>70+ 70+<br>65\u201369 65\u201369<br>60\u201364 60\u201364<br>55\u201359 55\u201359<br>50\u201354 50\u201354<br>45\u201349 45\u201349<br>40\u2013", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Shona SES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed prior distributions, and lines show the range from the 2.5th to the 97.5th percentiles of these distributions. Actual take-up rate was 88% according to administrative data on starting the program, or 83% according to  >>> administrative data on hours of consulting received <<< .\n\n37", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data on hours of consulting received", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">AGOBFACIVETHGABGHAGINGNBLSOMRTMWINERSENTCDTZAUGA AGOBFACIVETHGABGHAGINGNBLSOMRTMWINERSENTCDTZAUGA AGOBFACIVETHGABGHAGINGNBLSOMRTMWINERSENTCDTZAUGA<br>Share of poor population (%)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: For the DOU and DB methods, WorldPop 250m is used.\n\nFigure A8: Comparison of urban and rural poverty rates <!-- Start of picture text --> (A) Official definition (B) DOU (C) DB<br>80 80 80<br>60 60 60 MWI<br>MWI<br>NER<br>40 40 TZA UGA 40 TZA UGA<br>NER<br>20 UGATZA MWI 2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e use of LPG has gained popularity since 2013. LPG is used by 19.9 percent of urban households (4.6 percent nationwide). \n\n> 68 All numbers in this section are from the Niger Energy Access Diagnostic Report based on the  >>> MTF <<< , June 2020. \n\nPage 151 of 174", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MTF", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ters of digital inclusion. \n\n### _4.4.6.6 Digital Gender-Based Violence (DGBV)_ \n\nThis is gender-based violence enabled by digital technology. While the magnitude of the phenomenon is unknown, a FRA (EU\u2019s Rights Agency)  >>> survey on violence against women <<<  asked respondents about their experience of online gender-based violence. While 14% of women who had experienced such harassment could not identify the perpetrator, 9% were harassed by someone from their work context (FRA, 2014b)<sup>81</sup> . \n\nWhile digital technology can bri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey on violence against women", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "were interviewed during both the IHPS 2013 and the  >>> FIAS <<<  2015, 299 households were also interviewed during the IHPS 2016.\n\n# **3.1. Household Aid Receipt and Livelihood Outcomes**\n\nBoth the IHPS and FIAS collected information on whether the household received food or cash aid from a variety of sources. We use a dichotomous variable eq", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FIAS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "plained by observable characteristics, we estimate the following regression separately for each country: where _i_ indexes a household, _Xi_ are household characteristics and each observation is weighted by the relevant  >>> household survey <<<  weight. Table 2 shows the average of the slope coefficients _\u03b2_ across countries, the average upper and lower bounds of the 95% confidence intervals, and the number of countries for which the coefficient is statistically significant at the 5% level. Column 1 displays results fro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le according to the characteristics of the case (table 5.10) and of the PA (table 5.11). Note that reported statistics refer to individuals for the data sets JD-HV2 and LB-VASyR and to cases for the data sets JD-HV3 and  >>> LB-Verif <<< . \n\nTable 5.10 compares the effect of some characteristics of the PA on poverty rates across the different data sets. In all groups of refugees (except JD-HV2) the poverty rate is higher for cases whose PA is female; moreover, uniformly across the data sets, poverty incidence is ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-Verif", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "opted for constructing the SAM. First, a macro SAM was compiled to provide a consistent macroeconomic data framework. Second, based on the macro SAM, a micro SAM was compiled based on the research purpose. The published  >>> 2012 input-output tables of China <<< <sup>[9]</sup> provided the basic data source for compiling the SAM, and all 42 sectors in the 2012 input-output tables of China were reorganized into 16 sectors to construct the micro SAM.\n\n37", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2012 input-output tables of China", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\uf065 _i_ (2) 18 The design of our survey was informed by assessing  >>> Tanzanian CWIQ 2006 data <<<  which indicated that the average Tanzanian household in this area has between two to three adults who could serve as a proxy with a minimum age of 15. Our sample households had 2.7 members 15 years and older on average.\n\n19 An alternative research design to assess the effect of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Tanzanian CWIQ 2006 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "March 2010 \n\nAdditional Financing for Energy Access Project, ESMF \n\nto nine administrative zones, 52 woredas and 67 urban centers. The population of the region is estimated at 3.44 million in the year 1997 ( >>> CSA, 1994 data <<< ). Majority of the population is pastoralist and the social organization of the Somali is based on clanship. Over 86% of the population is rural. The region is sparsely populated with an average density of 12 persons per km<sup>2</sup> . \n\nSomali and Issa are the majority ethnic ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CSA, 1994 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "odules|76%|27%|\n|Improved participation in social and political<br>activities|3+ IEC Modules|66%|14%|\n|Protectingself & familymembers from HTP|HTP IEC Module|89%|46%|\n|UsingFP methods|FP IEC Module|74%|37%|\n\n\n\n**Source:  >>> MIS Data <<< ** \n\nLegovini (2004) however indicated that WDIP women were less aware of the fact that women should have a certain right (although it may not be enforced or upheld within their society), and that women have a right to choose their husband. However, they were more aware of women'", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MIS Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rces and Summary Statistics**\n\nThe key indicator required for the analysis is the share of female workers in the total employment in each sector. We obtain this information from the UNIDO Industrial Statistics Database ( >>> INDSTAT4 2009 <<< ). This database contains information on the total employment and female employment in each manufacturing sector for a large number of countries, starting in the late 1990s. The data are available at the 3-digit ISIC Revision 3 classification (61 distinct sectors). In order to co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "INDSTAT4 2009", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er **Table 2** ) there has been a corresponding substantial increase in the number of licenses and certificates issued/renewed each year hence the need to automate the system. \n\n**Table 2: Kenya Civil Aviation Authority  >>> Eight Year Profile of Operational Performance <<< ** \n\n|**Year**|**2008**|**2009**|**2010**|**2011**|**2012**|**2013**|**2014**|**2015**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Aviation Personnel licenses*|5,131|5,543|5,807|5,854|6,719|7,397|7,999|8,872|\n|Total Aircraft in register|936|988|1,056|1,088|1,165|1,195|1,268|1,330|\n|T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Eight Year Profile of Operational Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stic revenue forecasts, and weak reporting and monitoring of OSR. The County Tax Administration Diagnostic Assessments (2022) highlighted challenges with county revenue administration including inaccurate or nonexisting  >>> taxpayer databases <<< , poor filing and payment compliance, manual and nonintegrated tax administration systems, Local Authority Integrated Financial Operations Management System (LAIFOM) systems which are not integrated to the Integrated Financial Management Information System (IFMIS), inability to r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "taxpayer databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "anzania, temperature increases reduce internal migration via increased liquidity constraints implied from the estimated negative consumption shock, but detects this effect only for men. Peri and Sasahara (2019), using a  >>> gridded global data set <<<  covering the period 1970-2000, find that progressive warming reduces rural-urban migration in poorer countries but increases it in middle-income countries. Gray and Bilsborrow (2013) find that adverse rainfall conditions reduce local, short-distance migration (i.e., moves within", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "gridded global data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ic needs face heightened risks. UNHCR proactively identifies and supports them with protection or assistance interventions to reduce the risk of lasting physical and psychological harm. Further, using recent data from a  >>> vulnerability and needs assessment survey <<< , the authors of this brief found that households with members who have specific \n\nwww.unhcr.org/livelihoods \n\n5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "vulnerability and needs assessment survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\n**The paper also relies on a sector taxonomy that classifies industries based on the economic rationale that justifies an SOE presence** . The taxonomy was developed by Dall'Olio et al. (2022b) in conjunction with the  >>> BOS database <<< . It classifies 4-digit NACE industries into three broad sectors (competitive, partially contestable, and natural monopoly) based on the economic rationale\u2014the intrinsic features and associated market failures\u2014that justifies SOE presence in an industry (see Table 2). Other NACE c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "BOS database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  Children fully<br>immunized|1,188,698|1,110,212|1,230,00|The HMIS data suggests a marginal decline in<br>immunization coverage. However, the recent|\n|Children 12-23 months<br>immunized in NE<br>Province|32,800|29,076|| >>> population based coverage evaluation survey <<< <br>(November 2012) indicates that 80% of the children in<br>12-23 months are fully immunized.  Nearly three-<br>fourths of the sampled children (74%) had<br>immun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "population based coverage evaluation survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "DD\n\n**Our sample consists of 2019Q4 balance sheet and income statement data of 16,934 listed nonfinancial companies in 8 industries in 73 countries spanning all six World Bank regions (see Annex).** We use pre-pandemic,  >>> 2019Q4 data <<<  as the basis of our stress tests since this is the latest, most complete information available. Bloomberg is our primary data source.\n\n**The companies in our full sample represent US$ 22.1 trillion in total assets and US$ 6.05 trillion debt** . **For the median country, total as", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019Q4 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|2|20.3|25.1|39.4||||22.4|\n|3|37.1|34.8|46.5|73.8|||39.2|\n|4|48.4|52.0|53.8|63.5|85.7||55.5|\n|5+|76.3|69.0|76.5|76.4|86.1|93.8|85.6|\n|Total|24.0|39.8|57.0|74.1|86.1|93.8|69.2|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< . \n\n_Note:_ Blank cells correspond to empty groups. \n\nchildren are important and it is not possible to say with certainty which of the two factors is more important. This question will be addressed in the multivariate welfare and poverty models. \n\nChildren of school age are expec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t will be improved using the current alignment. \n\nThe roads designs were given and the existing alignments shown to the RAP Consultant in the field by MoWSI Dam Engineer. The RAP Consultant overlaid the designs over the  >>> registered maps obtained from the MoLPP <<<  and generated cadastral maps provided in Annex II which show the land which will be required for the construction of the new roads. \n\n#### **Summary of Impacts and Risks in RAP 3 project areas** \n\nThe entire Mwache dam project area consists of a single ethnic group, the Duruma, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "registered maps obtained from the MoLPP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oorest 10 percent). \n\n- By applying the PMT weights, the coverage for Group A remained approximately the same **(9** percent), but reach was extended to cover **26.9** percent of the poorest 10 percent. \n\n- By including  >>> Group A&B data <<<  in the simulation, **35** percent of the Yemeni population would be covered and the program would reach _77.5_ percent of the poorest 10 percent. \n\n- In considering budget allocation to the extreme poor, the Score Card method was found to reach approximately 19 percent of the po", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Group A&B data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " camps are primarily young, and slightly more female ( **Figure 7** ). According to the data in the  >>> proGres database <<< , 20% of the Dadaab population is within the youth (15-24) age bracket ( **Figure 8** ). Many refugees have been born in or have grown up in the camp since their arrival, reaching adulthood, raising families, having children of their own all within the confines of Dadaab. \n\n**Fig", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "proGres database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll these limitations, a few exercises are proposed as second best options to assess the micro\u2010 simulation results. In order to test the Business as Usual scenario, the comparison between the first half of IHSES 2012 and  >>> C\u2010IHSES 2014 <<<  for the whole country seems a reasonable approximation of what would have happened if there were no crises. However, some additional constraints and challenges arise in both micro and macro inputs dimensions. From the micro standpoint, rural Baghdad was excluded from the analysi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "C\u2010IHSES 2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Table 5C: T and Rank Tests for Listed vs. Non-Listed Banks in Non-GCC Region**\n\nTests are conducted on  >>> annual bank-level data <<<  for the period 2001-08. Column 5 shows the p-value of a t-test which tests for the equality of means of the groups (allowing for inequality in variance). Column 6 shows the p-value of the Wilcoxon ranksum test which tests whether the groups are samples from populations with the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual bank-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts/Finance Section will be established within each PMU constituted by one market-hired financial management specialist and two accounts officers.  Disbursements will be based on the sixmonthly cash forecasts provided in  >>> bi-annual Interim Unaudited Financial Reporting <<< . \n\n(b) The project will maintain for each PMU two designated accounts (DA) i.e. DA for IDA Credit and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "bi-annual Interim Unaudited Financial Reporting", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata was included. The population data sets were aggregated up to the same cell size as the VIIRS data and then matched to find the total population in each nightlight cell. Due to slight differences between the HRSL and  >>> WorldPop data sets <<< , two different cutoffs for populated cells were utilized. As HRSL specifically provide settled areas and set other areas to having 0 population, any VIIRS cell with no settled areas in it, would be excluded from the final data set. As for the WorldPop data, any VIIRS cell with l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WorldPop data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es are preferred here as they seem to capture the variation of informality better than DGE estimates in the case of Indonesia, while they are highly correlated with the DGE estimates in cross-country comparisons.\n\n18. ** >>> SAKERNAS surveys <<<  are used to construct output and employment informality in Indonesia for national, regional, and sectoral level analyses.** These estimates are mainly used for within-country analyses. In addition to national-level estimates, output informality and employment informality are est", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SAKERNAS surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e in our IV is an excludable weighting measure allowing the IV to properly predict the number of refugees being hosted in particular localities, without capturing alternative channels such as changing trade.\n\nWe use the  >>> Armed Conflict Location & Event Data <<<  (ACLED) to create a conflict fatalities index which we apply as a proxy for conflict spillovers (Raleigh et al., 2010). The assumption is that conflicts resulting in fatalities capture the intensity of the violence towards potential migrants and large disruption to trade or econ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from Choucha under a global solidarity initiative began to accelerate in mid-2012. Under this initiative, a total of 3,176 refugees departed to resettlement countries, notably the United States of America. \u2022 \n\nAnalysing  >>> location information <<<  by urban and rural classification reveals some interesting patterns. By the end of 2013, information on this geographic location was available for 9 million (77%) out of the global refugee population of 11.7 million. Of this 9 million", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "location information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n 2013, the rate of female homicides in Brazil was 4.8 deaths per 100,000 women, the fifth highest rate in the world at the time (Waiselfisz 2015). However, the rates of nonfatal violence are not quite as shocking. In a  >>> representative survey among women <<<  ages 15\u201369 in the state capitals of Brazil, the 12-month prevalence of any type of minor physical IPV was 21.5 percent and of severe physical IPV, 12.9 percent; rates were higher among younger women (Reichenheim et al. 2006). In comparison with other national statistics, these r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "representative survey among women", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " planning consultations and the families of sick children were also surveyed. All these survey tools allow the SPA to assess how much the services work and how satisfied service users are. In this paper we use data from  >>> facility inventory <<<  provided by the facility manager or most knowledgeable person on the infrastructure, supplies, staffing, and routine practices.<sup>10</sup> The quantitative data are analyzed using a multilevel, hierarchical model to investigate the neighborhood and individual effects, while co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "facility inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nges like the COVID-19 crisis, Malaysia has also seen relatively high levels of economic growth. Among the 88 countries for which comparable data on GDP per capita in both 1960 and 2019 are available in the World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development Indicators <<< , Malaysia recorded the seventh highest growth rate in the intervening years (in local currency units). These relatively high levels of economic growth have propelled it to becoming the uppermiddle income country at the cusp of high-income status that it is today (World Bank fort", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ") in charge of 71 small towns (about 10 small towns per UWA). To date, the UWAs have performed relatively well with average revenue collection rate and non-revenue water (NRW) at 75 percent and 29 percent, respectively.  >>> Financial data <<<  indicate that the Northern Umbrella and the Midwestern Umbrella service 2,809 and 2,387 active connections, respectively, and collected UGX 27.5 million and UGX 33.6 million in October 2017, respectively. Their O&M costs for October 2017 were UGX 16.3 million and UGX 27.1 millio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Financial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0/01** \n\n### US$ Millions \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n450<br>400<br>350<br>300<br>250<br>200<br>150<br>100<br>50<br>0<br>1998199  1999100  2000101<br>Public  0  Private 1<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n_Source:  >>> National Health Accounts Study_ <<<  \n\n||1 9901|9 1|1992|193|1998|199|I999|100|200|0101|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Entity|US$ Per<br>capita|%|US$ Per<br>capita|%|US$ Per<br>capita|%|US$ Per<br>capita|%|US$ Per<br>capita|%|\n|Central<br>Government|||||3.15|16.9|3.04|16.5|3.28|17.9|\n|Local Governm", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Health Accounts Study_", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "quartile|36|21|7|7|\n|**All low- and middle-income**|**26**|**21**|**4**|**1**|\n|**countries**|||||\n|Slowest growth quartile|-8|15|-8|-16|\n|Fastest growth quartile|63|26|17|20|\n\n_Source:_ World Bank calculations based on  >>> UIS <<<  and IMF data. _Note:_ Slowest and fastest growth quartiles refer to the 25<sup>th</sup> and 75<sup>th</sup> percentile growth rates within an income category. Column 1 shows the total percentage change in education spending. Columns 2 \u2013 4 breakdown the overall change into its co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*4**|2,70|**4**|3,25|\n|**South West**_(Gafsa/ Tozeur/_<br>_Kebili)_|**6**|2,65|**6**|1,80|**6**|2,35|**7**|1,96|\n|**_Average Index_**||**3,34**||**2,12**||**2,85**||**3,18**|\n\n_Source :  >>> IACE reports on regional attractiveness <<< , 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019_\n\n# **4. Variables and Methodology**\n\nThe objective of this section is to identify the factors that influence the regional attractiveness of FDI inflows in Tunisia. We will attempt to provide a comprehensive analytical approach that looks at a set of econ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IACE reports on regional attractiveness", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "te services to the displaced population. \n\nAnother important limitation in this phase is related to the delivery of humanitarian assistance kits to displaced households. Only 56 percent of the households recorded in the  >>> RUPD <<<  received some type of aid (Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez and Vel\u00e1squez, 2006); for 2005 the DNP calculated that the displaced population that was not receiving assistance under EHA varied between two percent for the delivery of basic kits, 65 percent for the delivery of a sanitary kit and 72 percent f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RUPD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n accompanied also by difficulties along other characteristics, such as reduced depth and access to finance and in some cases also reductions in efficiency, particularly in financial markets.\n\nOverall, the data from the  >>> Global Financial Development Database <<<  suggest that the key disparities among countries in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Global Financial Development Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "datasets available to measure CBI. For robustness, we also use the  >>> data collected by Garriga <<<  (2016), which yields similar results.\n\nTo capture inequality dynamics, we rely on data from the World Bank\u2019s PovcalNet database. Besides providing an extensive coverage of countries over a comparably long timespan, a key advantage of this dataset is that includes information on ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data collected by Garriga", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al transactions is necessary, as aggregation in the FMIS across line items, spending units or programs hides the necessary level of detail.\n\nThis study pursues a very specific purpose: it develops a methodology based on  >>> transactions data <<<  on (i) how to estimate overall FMIS budget coverage for a given country, and (ii) how to develop an expenditure transactions profile for government. Data for Pakistan and Cambodia were kindly made available from state treasuries and are used illustratively to showcase how such d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "transactions data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rations|Number of<br>countries with 4<br>or more<br>operations|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|#|128|41|87|61|19|\n|_%_|_100_|_32_|_68_|_48_|_15_|\n\nNote: PSGB mapped development policy and investment operations only. Source:  >>> Business Warehouse data <<<  on PSGB mapped policy and investment loans/grants (active and closed).\n\nNearly half of all potential client countries (with populations greater than 500,000) had two or more Bank operations. A smaller group (19 countries) had 4 or more. It includes several large and/or federal c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Business Warehouse data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y data sources. Informal businesses do not appear on business registries nor other administrative data. Adequate sampling frames for a robust survey methodology are, thus, nearly impossible to come by. Methods linked to  >>> household and labor-force surveys <<<  (for instance, what is known as the 1-2-3 method) have offered more systematic measurement of informal business activity (such as the data used by Lavall\u00e9e and Roubaud, 2018), however such data are based on initial sampling designed to be representative of residential enumeratio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household and labor-force surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ompleted. Other regional implementers have yet to submit their procurement plans through Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement (STEP) for World Bank\u2019s approval. The mission also noted discrepancies between the  >>> procurement data in STEP <<<  and FSCO\u2019s actual reports. Actual performance was found to exceed the data reflected in STEP due to irregular updates. \n\n41. The mission emphasized that procurement activities without an approved plan in the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "procurement data in STEP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1 -2<br>6<br>4<br>2<br>0<br>Inconme Gains (%)<br>-2<br>-4<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Author estimations, based on the IHS 2012-2016 and  >>> HIES 2017 <<< . Data on smoking-attributable death events is taken from the GBD (2017), and tobacco-related out-of-pocket medical expenses (adapted from Goodchild et al. 2018 and WDI). _Notes:_ Deciles are created based on per capita household total consumption.\n\n> 19 The effect for the third ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rcent projected; (ii) the number of days per year when the center was in use was 197 compared to the projected of 260 days; and (iii) the average cost per participant was US$73 compared to the projected of U$55.  As per  >>> data provided by KDLC <<< , the demand for the use of the center averaged 70-persons (2008-11) compared to the 30-persons seats the center was designed for. \n\nKDLC cost recovery is shown in Table 2 below and also presented in Table 4 - Result Framework. As shown, the first two years (2008-9) into operatio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data provided by KDLC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conomy alongside general country-level fixed effects. Country-level data on economic and demographic variables is sourced from the WDI and WGI databases. Climate data to measure natural risks has been extracted from the  >>> ERA5 climate re-analysis model <<<  (Copernicus Climate Change Service, 2018).<sup>1</sup> While the impact of infrastructure disruptions is typically transmitted across wide networks, they are not felt by all firms in the same way. This section focuses on statistical properties of firm-level variables do identify", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ERA5 climate re-analysis model", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s, l'indice est compos\u00e9 de cinq dimensions : acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la nourriture<sup>9</sup> , \u00e9ducation, d\u00e9pendance, sant\u00e9 et besoins sp\u00e9cifiques ainsi que capacit\u00e9 de travail d'un m\u00e9nage. Dans l'\u00e9tude pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente sur les  >>> donn\u00e9es relatives aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s <<< , l\u2019indice de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 sur la base de ces cinq dimensions. L'indice peut \u00eatre construit pour les m\u00e9nages des communaut\u00e9s h\u00f4tes selon la m\u00eame proc\u00e9dure que dans l\u2019analyse pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente des donn\u00e9es sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s.<sup>10</sup> Le diagramme ci-dessus montre l'indice d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es relatives aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*14,615,000**|**100.00**|\n|**Average**|**107,306**|**114,025**|**112,423**||\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Baseline Household Survey <<<  September, 2024_ \n\nThe survey finding also showed the trend of households annual income from all income sources over the past three years and accordingly (36.9%) of the surveyed households reported that their annual income has decreased in the past three years, while (17.7%) of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Baseline Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "using the Commitment to Equity for Children (CEQ4C) methodology. The analysis is based on 13,820 children (0-17 years old) from the 2018/19  >>> Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey <<< . Individual and household level information collected from the survey is combined with budget figures and administrative data on programs and subsidies. The study then examines the burdens of taxation and the benefits from government transfers and spending in rural and urban set", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and the establishment of regional culture and tourism bureaus. Related to the management of the sector is the need for basic regulation of the industry in support of defined development strategies. It is clear from the  >>> market research <<<  that standards in tourism goods and services delivery across the board have to be raised in Ethiopia if it is going to grow its market share and this is an issue where government must be involved as a regulator and where capacity needs to be built within the current system. \n\n9.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "market research", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "March 2010 \n\nAdditional Financing for Energy Access Project, ESMF \n\nThe  >>> 1994 census data <<<  (CSA) estimates that 82.1% of the population was illiterate.  On the other hand data on the primary school enrolment in 2003 indicates 7441 student for Assossa Zone, 2,529 for Kamashi Zone and 3857 students for Metekel Zone. \n\nAccording to data from the Metekel Zone, there are a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1994 census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " COVID-19. In line with the global trend,  >>> local data <<<  confirmed that the pandemic disproportionately affected those with compromised immunity either as a result of age (>65 years of age) or comorbidities. Hence, the vaccine deployment strategy employs house-to-house visit to reach those who have limited ability to visit health faci", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "local data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1.00|\n|**DB urban classifcation:**|||||||\n|Core|167,357|0.35|0.00|0.48|0.00|1.00|\n|Suburb|167,357|0.23|0.00|0.42|0.00|1.00|\n|Town|167,357|0.19|0.00|0.39|0.00|1.00|\n|Other rural|167,357|0.41|0.00|0.49|0.00|1.00|\n\nSource:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: The statistics above are based on the household-level data pooled for 16 SSA countries. Real per capita consumption expenditures are deflated using a spatial deflator calculated using the WorldPop 250m dataset and the DOU method.\n\n# **4 Empirical approach**\n\n## **4.1 Upda", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ling, and those aged 3-5 in 1992, averaging 0.71 years of schooling. The gap is the smallest for those aged 6-8 in 1992, at 0.28 years.\n\n# **Regression results**\n\nIn the regression analysis that follows, I first use the  >>> 2007 TLSS data <<<  to estimate the determinants of completion of \u201cbasic level of schooling or higher\u201d (that constitutes eight or nine grades depending on when an individual entered schooling) and \u201csecondary school or higher\u201d levels of education", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2007 TLSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "demand?|% breakdown|\n|Still lend to all|2.1|\n|Lend to all, reducing loans equally|35.8|\n|Lend to all, reducing some loans by more|24.8|\n|Refuse some loans|13.6|\n|Borrow more from BAAC/GSB/KTB|12.7|\n|Other|11.0|\n\nSource:  >>> Village Fund Survey <<< , 2010 Almost a third (32%) of village funds claim to have a AAA credit rating, and these funds are slightly more likely to want to borrow funds in order to lend more to their members. Most VF committees (91%) say they announce their financial results publicly.\n\n# _Risk Mitigatio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Village Fund Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ontains about 7,000 employees, can therefore provide an accurate data source for estimating earnings functions. To evaluate qualitative changes in the wage structure over time, comparable earnings functions based on the  >>> 1997-2002 LFS <<<  are estimated. Using this methodology we are also able to compare the market value of education accumulated in the Soviet era and post-Soviet education.\n\nTo verify that wage interval information contained in the LFS 2002 indeed provides reliable results, Appendix Table 26 compar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1997-2002 LFS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s, location) would stay or transition to a different labor market state (Annex B). This propensity is then calculated for individuals in HIECS and used to remap them to match counterfactual FY20 states inferred from the  >>> LFS <<< . This analysis was done separately by gender. Table 2 presents the two-year transition matrix used in the model, building on the LFS trends and ELMPS transition probabilities by gender to update the HIECS. About 18 percent of the sample of working-age males and 8 percent of the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LFS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " because they match more closely the end-point years of the trade data. (See Enamorado et al. [2016] for a detailed description of the data.) For labor market and migration indicators, tabulations from the 2000 and 2010  >>> Census of Population and Housing <<<  and the 2015 Population Count are used to obtain labor market indicators, as well as information on the demographic characteristics of the population at the municipal level.<sup>5</sup> Given that publicly available data from the Mexican Institute of Statistics do not allow for ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Census of Population and Housing", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0.203|0.203|\n|Mean ln(U<sup>f</sup>)|0.019|0.019|0.019|0.021|\n|Mean ln(U<sup>m</sup>)|0.001|0.001|0.001|0.003|\n|Year FE||Y|Y|Y|\n|Country FE|||Y|Y|\n|X controls||||Y|\n\n# _Source:_\n\nAuthors\u2019 analysis based on data from the  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  (DHS).\n\n# _Notes:_\n\n* p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01. The dependent variables, controls and standard error adjustments are as in Table 1. Relative to Table 1, the sample is now restricted to only those countries for which two or more years of data on women are available.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|---|---|\n|Commercial|86,381|8.8|\n|Domestic|890,695|90.7|\n|Industrial|5,325|0.5|\n|All|982,401|100.0|\n\n\n\nSources: extracted from  >>> data on EEU\u2019s fact sheet <<<  2021/22 \n\nData on electricity consumption charge (kwh per month) in Addis Ababa in 2021/22 showed that close to quarter (23.1%) of the electricity customers consumption charge was below 50kw, followed by customers consumption charge below 200kw with (18.8%) and customers consump", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data on EEU\u2019s fact sheet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "wed by wholesale/retail trade. \n\n#### C. RECENT PERFORMANCE AND NEED FOR REFORMS \n\n2.8 Performance of the parastatal sector has continued to deteriorate since earlier studies (para 2.3). This is indicated by more recent  >>> data on parastatal performance <<<  for the period 1986-90 in the areas of productivity growth, contribution to the budget deficit, indebtedness, and export performance. Y' \n\nv A number of these firms **are at** various stages in the process of liquidation. **The** count **will change as finrs are** wound up. \n\n3/", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on parastatal performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mponents themselves, maximum likelihood estimation offers the best performance, especially if the sample is severely unbalanced.<sup>13</sup>\n\n# _II.3 Data_\n\nWe implement the empirical approach described above using the  >>> Dollar and Kraay (2002) dataset <<< , which comprises 794 country-year observations for which both the Gini coefficient and the quintile shares are available.<sup>14</sup> The dataset combines observations for which both the Gini coefficient and the quintile shares refer to gross (i.e. before taxes and transfers) i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Dollar and Kraay (2002) dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ncept of improved source of drinking water and improved sanitation facility was proposed by the WHO and UNICEF in 2004 and implemented in the DHS 2008. An attempt was made to approximate the \"improved\" categories in the  >>> DHS 2003 data <<<  (KNBS and ICF Macro 2010). In order to obtain time-consistent water and sanitation variables, we slightly diverge from the categorization of improved water source and sanitation proposed in the Kenya DHS 2008 report. A total of 112 observations are excluded from the analysis due", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS 2003 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rk tends to benefit poor households, while the positive effect of the more organized and modern party network tends to benefit non-poor households.\n\nThe rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes our  >>> data set <<<  in more detail and the variables that we construct from it, in particular those that we use to measure social capital. Section 3 provides summary statistics describing rural-urban consumption patterns and how usage of formal and informal finance varies with household characteris", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ter consumption to income. Another reason could be that the less well-off rely on more expensive, non-piped, sources of water. \n\n> 27 The impact of changes to abstraction charges on water expenditure is simulated on the  >>> KIHBS 2015/16 data <<<  scaled forward to 2021 to account for the impact of COVID-19. Budget shares of water expenditure (mineral water, water service providers, and water vendors) from 2015/16 household consumption are increased by 5 to 100 percent in 5 percentage point increments. The additional expe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KIHBS 2015/16 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "examines the impact of an incumbent\u2019s electoral defeat in the most recent election on village-level and individual-level outcomes. Using our  >>> survey data <<< , we first verify that these electoral results induce a leadership change, as expected. Specifically, we show that an incumbent\u2019s defeat increases the likelihood that the village head in our survey is someone different from the incumbent candidate who competed in the most recent ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "C.6, we show that under a VAT system the pass-through of taxes to informal prices is equal to the share of formal input costs in informal retailers\u2019 total input costs. Using the  >>> Mexican census data <<<  described above we find that this share is on average 10% among all informal retailers.<sup>29</sup>\n\nTable A6 summarizes our progressivity results under the assumption of a 10% pass-\n\n> 29In the 2013 Census, 85% of retailers are informal by not reporting any payment on VAT. Amo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mexican census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|Observations<sup>**\u2020**</sup>|2,253,381|2,253,381|2,165,653|2,165,653|2,249,388|2,249,388|\n|Pseudo/Within R<sup>**\u2020**</sup>|0.018|0.018|0.049|0.049|0.029|0.029|\n\nSource: World Bank staff analysis using  >>> Romania MoF firm-level data <<<  from 2016-20. The sample includes all firms. Growth is calculated as the difference between the values in year t and t-1 divided by the average of the values in year t and t-1. Wage is labor cost divided by average number of employees. SOE variables are dummy variables taking th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Romania MoF firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|1|409002|118|3466|\n|Harari|232000|8|29000|7|33143|31|7484|\n|Addis Ababa|3273001|88|218200|11|297546|-|-|\n|**National **|**90076012**|**3547**|**25395**|**189**|**476593**|**16447**|**5477**|\n\n\n\nSource: FMOH. (2014/15).  >>> Health and health related indicators 2007 <<<  (E.C.) \n\n48. In terms of human resources, the Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and medium level professional (Nurses, Environmental Health, Laboratory and pharmacy) has reached the WHO standard for east Developed Countries.  Similarly, the physician to population ratio has reache", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Health and health related indicators 2007", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es by a specific amount will translate to a higher price shock for poor households. To test this scenario in the case of Georgia, consumption prices are analyzed for different brands in the tobacco market. The available  >>> tobacco price data <<<  for 2014 suggest that a pack of 20 cigarettes was 3.2 GEL for the premium brand, and 2.2 for the most sold brand. However, the cheapest brand was only 80 tetri per pack (WHO 2015). A hypothetical price shock is simulated, assuming that those price ratios are held, and that smoke", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "tobacco price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The joining and preparation of the cadastral layout map for area under RAP 1 was undertaken with an overall 100% coverage as indicated in Table 4-2(see CadastralMap and Database in Appendix 5). \n\n**Table 4-2  >>> Cadastral Maps <<<  Coverage \u2013 Area under RAP 1** \n\n|**Item**<br>**No. **|**Name of**<br>**Line**|**Length**<br>**(km)**|**Coverage**<br>**(%)**|**Remarks**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Back water|5|100|Both the Southern and the Northern Back Flow area is 100%<br>covered with Cadastral Maps. Detail in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Cadastral Maps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Yang (2009) present empirical evidence using  >>> Indonesian data <<<  that for females, local rainfall variation around the time of birth significantly affects schooling, health, and socioeconomic status measured in adulthood, inconsistent with the notion that households are diversified against rainfall risk. Duflo and Udry (2004) reject the null ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Indonesian data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "use annual averages of monthly household expenditures for the average household and for the bottom quintile household. The expenditure data are taken from the Indonesia Database for Policy and Economic Research ( >>> INDO-DAPOER <<< , World Bank Group).<sup>9</sup> The air pollution data set contains estimates on mean annual (1999 to 2015) concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2 _._ 5), coarse dust particles of 2.5 micrometers in diameter, that proxy a wider range of air pollutants. The data points ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "INDO-DAPOER", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ment wealth with such household- (and individual-) level variables. The augmented regressions can be expected to perform similarly to the widely-used PMT method based on the predicted values of regressions calibrated to  >>> survey data <<<  (Section 2).\n\nTo motivate the augmented regressions, we can start by thinking of a simple regression of nutritional outcomes on the wealth index: \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd (4) where \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd is the nutritional indicator for individual \ufffd in household \ufffd in country \ufffd and \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd is the hous", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tions of international data. The key dependent variables are proxies of the incidence of use of the three stages of payment systems, based on publicly available survey data collected by the World Bank, namely the Global  >>> Findex database <<< .<sup>3</sup> The main finding is that even though historically we can observe stages in the advent of various forms of payments, the data show that many poor countries have higher incidences of digital payments (per adult) than high-income economies, even though large segments o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Findex database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|-0.771|\n\nMethod: * Household ranked by original income. ** Kakwani index.\n\n_Source:_ Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> HBS <<< .\n\nAn alternative way of looking at the effect of fiscal policy on poverty is to consider its redistributive effect. This can be done by comparing the Lorenz curve for original income with the concentration curves for taxes and benefits. Figure 8 compares the redistributive impac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " from other variables common to the PG and  >>> JD-HV2 data <<<  sets. In the Data section, we showed that we have good reasons to believe that the data set most representative of the refugee population is the JD-HV2 data. Therefore, no welfare imputations will be necessary and we will work with JD-HV2 observations only for welfare modeling. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " renters. Mariel boatlift immigrants were relatively unskilled; had lower educational attainment and lower fluency in English than members of the host community. \n\nThe analysis is based on rental data from the 1974\u20131983  >>> Annual Housing Survey <<<  and data on the characteristics of residents from the 1980 and 1990 population censuses. The author examines changes in rental prices in Miami by comparing three groups: (1) other metropolitan areas in Florida; (2) other U.S. cities with similar previous rental \n\n> \u2217 The JDC Qua", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Annual Housing Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4)|\n|p-value|0.004|0.001|\n|Test T1 >= T2 (p-value)|0.393|0.444|\n|Endline control mean|4.3|65|\n|Additional controls|No|Yes|\n|(Pseudo)R-squared|0.030|0.277|\n|Observations|1,127|1,127|\n\n_Source:_ Authors\u2019 analyses based on  >>> baseline and endline survey data <<< . _Note:_ Subsample of compost producers only. Compost quality is an index ranging from 0 to 9. One-sided equality tests of T1 and T2 are F- tests. Robust standard errors in parentheses, clustered at the mws level. Significance levels indicated as following: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline and endline survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " near universal coverage, such as comprehensive school feeding (with explicit nutrition supplementation), maternal health care and universal sanitation services.\n\nIn addition to documenting the limitations of relying on  >>> household poverty data <<<  to reach nutritionally deprived individuals, we throw some light on why those limitations are so severe. For the subset of countries for which we also know adult male BMI, we have shown that the extent of intrahousehold inequality entails that the bulk of underweight women and u", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household poverty data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " hectares of additional land required by the Ethiopian Shipping and Logistic Services Enterprise (ESLSE) for further expansion of the Modjo Dry Port and the expansion were presumed to affect 51 farming households. \n\nThe  >>> socio-economic survey <<<  indicates 37 (72.5 %) PAPs were severely lost all their farmland due to expropriation of their land in 2020. The involuntary displacement of the households resulted in forced resettlement. The overall conditions required the need for preparing of the present RAP and LRRP. Thus, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mobility trends (e.g. Retail and recreation, Grocery and pharmacy, Parks, among others). From Figure 2, it is quite clear that  >>> global mobility indicators <<<  have slowed. We use these data to test the correlation with industrial production . Analysts can use the change in industrial production to back out estimates for annual GDP growth.\n\nUnfortunately, some of these data go back only to February 15, 2020. To increase the degrees of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global mobility indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Somalia and Ethiopia to the north, South Sudan to the Northwest, Tanzania to the South, and in the West, by Uganda. Kenya is Africa\u2019s tenth most populated country and ranks 22<sup>nd</sup> in terms of its size (Source:  >>> Survey of Kenya 2003 <<< ) \n\n\n\nKenya lies along the equator in East Africa. Most of the country consists of high plateau areas and mountain ranges that rise up to 3,000 m and more. The plateau area is dissected by the Eastern Rift Valley, which is 40-50 km wide and up to 1,000 m lower than the flanking p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey of Kenya 2003", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the production process, trade costs that constrain the capacity of firms to import are also likely to affect their export dynamics, especially in the context of rising GVCs. Using trade flows, Customs transactions and  >>> firmlevel data <<< , several studies have so far provided evidence on how the reduction of import barriers can shape export performance and diversification patterns. This paper contributes to this literature by quantifying a new source of trade costs based on a novel measure of uncertainty in impor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firmlevel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "200 250<br>200<br>150<br>150<br>100<br>100<br>50<br>50<br>0 0<br>1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25<br>DISTANCE FROM CBD DISTANCE FROM CBD (KM)<br>Source: Authors calculations using 2012  >>> Landscan <<<  data. Landscan is a global dataset that models<br>population densities on roughly 1x1 km grid. The city center was identified using the location of<br>oldest building as a proxy, or a government building if necessary. This location was then visually<br>verified using google maps", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Landscan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tes les r\u00e9gions humanitaires. \n\n**L\u2019acc\u00e8s au service de sant\u00e9** est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par des insuffisances en ressources humaines et mat\u00e9riel ainsi qu\u2019en infrastructure respectant les normes et standards de qualit\u00e9. Selon la  >>> carte sanitaire 2024 <<< , 15% des centres de sant\u00e9 du pays ne sont pas fonctionnels privant ainsi pr\u00e8s de 20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "carte sanitaire 2024", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing coordinated action and financing to enable transformative change, including through conducting annual joint sector reviews, supporting the review and update of the National Education Sector Strategic Plan, analyzing  >>> National Education Management Information System <<<  (NEMIS) data and annual publication of quality education data on key education indicators, and conducting public expenditure tracking survey of key government spending on basic education; ( d) strengthening capacity to implement and drive results at scale, including through capa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Education Management Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-term spatial economic development in the region and the potential to speed up its convergence to advanced countries\u2019 standards of living.\n\nUsing the dynamic spatial general equilibrium model in Desmet et al. (2018) and  >>> fine-grained spatial data <<< , we first calibrated migration entry costs using information on differences in initial utility across regions within the Latin American countries. We find that in most Latin American countries, migration entry costs calibrated based on spatially differential initial utility are ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fine-grained spatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ational model, because the latter allow for positive covariance between urban and rural areas of a municipality.\n\n# _6.4 Using 2016 sample data_\n\nThe analysis up to this point has all used a single household survey, the  >>> 2014 MCS-ENIGH <<< , to estimate municipal-level poverty. While this sample was drawn to generate official measures of poverty, it is also useful to check that the results are robust to the use of an alternative sample. We therefore repeat the analysis using the 2016 MCS-ENIGH instead of the 2014 r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 MCS-ENIGH", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_Design Review, Detailed Design and Construction Supervision for the Proposed Mwache Multi-Purpose Dam_ \n\n_Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP)_ \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n >>> Mwache river discharge <<< <br>10<br>8<br>6<br>4<br>2<br>0<br>Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n### **Figure 4-9: Mwache river discharge Source: Detailed Design-Hydrological Report** \n\nTherefore, Mwache river water is available for socio-economic use by downst", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mwache river discharge", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "em,t in equations [2] and [4].\n\nObviously, controlling for minerals\u2019 values is important to obtain unbiased estimates and explain the mining-spatial inequality nexus. As noted in Section 3, our analysis, which relies on  >>> USGS mineral data <<< , suffers from the lack of data on mineral production at mining sites in Africa. However, the available mineral prices data offer a possibility to circumvent this limitation: the use of minerals unit prices as numeraires for minerals across districts where mineral deposits and mi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "USGS mineral data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata on all the labor market contracts in the formal sector in Brazil. However, in Brazil, 20 percent of laborers work in the informal sector.<sup>13</sup> In this section, the nationally representative household survey,  >>> PNAD <<< , is used to compare the gender wage ratios in the formal and informal sectors and to discuss how the differences might affect the main results.\n\nThe 2011\u201315 editions of PNAD are used with a few sample restrictions. First, the focus is on individuals ages 15\u201349, which is the age-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PNAD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and micro-output (0.08), and smaller for macro-output (0.03), and null for population. It thus appears that across sectors, elasticities are larger when based on studies covering micro-, and labor market data than more  >>> aggregated data <<< .\n\nNext, results by level of country development are of specific interest for drawing policy implications. Theoretically, it could be that in contexts where there is greater scarcity of capital, the marginal product of infrastructure investment is higher, and that decreasing retu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "aggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iture, one containing 6 items and a second question containing 10 items, while the expenditure aggregate constructed from the JD-HV3 data contains 11 items. For Lebanon, the LB-VASyR aggregate includes 9 items while the  >>> LB-Verif data <<<  aggregate contains 3 items. Differences in the number of items are small and they are not expected to make a great difference in results. It is known that welfare aggregates tend to be more precise if the number of reported items is higher. This is the case when we consider, say", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-Verif data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "necessary since the subsidies vary across energy sources. Furthermore, electricity subsidies are netted out of carbon subsidies. kk To calculate the fossil fuel subsidy (or negative carbon tax) per energy source, we use  >>> IEA data <<<  (for the period 2010 to 2019) and IMF data (for 2007 to 2009) on the total amount of subsidies paid for each of the three energy sources and electricity. Subsidies for electricity are described in more detail below. We use data on the total amount of emissions from each fuel typ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IEA data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and that the characteristics and destinations of migrants in the two surveys are also aligned with those in administrative data covering the entire population of temporary migrants from Bangladesh.<sup>15</sup>\n\n> 14The  >>> Bangladesh HIES <<<  was carried between April 2016 and March 2017.\n\n> 15The Bureau of Manpower, Employment and Training in Bangladesh publishes aggregate data on the number, composition and destinations of legal migrants from Bangladesh by year of departure.\n\n11", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Bangladesh HIES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- The  >>> surveys in Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Iraq <<<  showed that FDPs are extremely willing to be vaccinated against the spread of the virus. However, receptivity is likely to be severely inhibited if there are personal financial costs of the vaccine. \n\n- Displaced populations very often fare worse than hosts, but not always. Refu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys in Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Iraq", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|0.72|34.95|0.82|38.11|0.72|31.64|9.7%|\n||_Constant_<br>_N_|\u20131.58<br> 43,322.00|\u201326.60|\u20130.27<br>41,521.00|\u20133.83|\u20130.26<br>41,168.00|\u20133.65||\n||_Pseudo R-squared_|0.1874||0.2340||0.2400|||\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< . \n\n###### **Table 2.18 Poverty Model 2 (JD 25 Poverty Line, Optimal Model)** \n\n|||_Only PG v_|_ariables_|_PG + hou_|_se + wash_||_All variabl_|_es_|\n|---|---|--", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mpact of financial reforms on financial constraints of firms we need a measure of financial liberalization and firn-level data. We construct an index of domestic financial liberalization of the banking sector based upon  >>> country reports <<<  from various sources. The problem of constructing such an index is that financial liberalization often takes place in various ways.\n\nWe construct the financial liberalization variable as follows. We collect data on the implementation of reform packages related to six different m", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Methods**\n\nThis paper leveraged previously published  >>> food price datasets <<< , available in different public repositories (Andr\u00e9e, 2021a; Solano-Hermosilla, et al., 2021; Arbia, et al., 2023; Andr\u00e9e & Pape, 2023), which were coupled with unpublished metadata (mainly ID of data submitter \u2013 volunteer crowd or trained enumerator) and wrangled to establish li", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "food price datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "CPI covers 244 for price information. The Laspeyres formula computes urban and rural CPIs using weights from the  >>> Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey <<<  (HIICS 2015/16).<sup>2</sup> These regional CPI are then used to compile the national CPI. That is, the weighted geometric mean is computed to obtain the national CPI, using the proportion of urban and rural consumption received through HIICS 2015/16 as their respective weights.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Integrated Income and Consumption Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "KENYA \n\nANNEX 1 \n\nMOMBASA & COASTAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT Population Trenids & Forecasts \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n50.0  --<br>1.0<br>ELEGEND:<br>-j<br>-J  0   >>> CENSUS DATA <<<   - @ 4B5%/yr.<br>z  *  CURRENT  ESTIMATE<br>0~<br>1.0<br>or<br>0.5<br>0.1  . /  .<br>1940  1950  1960  1970  1980  1990<br>YEARS<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nWorld Bank-9807", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "CENSUS DATA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " similar, but there is a slight increase in blocked returns and tensions in public life (although these may be partially attributed to military operations in the surrounding areas).<sup>81</sup>\n\n> 81 According to IOM\u2019s  >>> DTM Master List <<< , the rate of IDP return increased only marginally following the signature of the LPA in Mahalabiya (likely influenced by the timing of the LPA and the fact that many IDPs had returned already.) Prior to signature, 28,572 IDPs had returned, which increased to 29,994 after signatu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DTM Master List", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".05; ***p _<_ 0.01 In terms of the non-classical measurement errors that were uncovered in the ERIVaS data, similar patterns emerge from the  >>> EACI sample <<< . Table 11 shows the means of alternative yield and harvest measures for pure stand and intercropped sorghum plots. Similar to ERIVaS, the mean differences between SR and CC measures are statistically significant. However, in the nationally-representative sample, the sign of the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EACI sample", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|2.510***|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||(0.523)|(1.232)|(0.189)|(0.318)|(0.402)|(0.735)|(0.430)|(0.802)|\n|Observations|4905|4874|4905|4879|1430|1313|1381|1138|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 estimation using RLMS, ESS and  >>> LiTS <<<  for year 2016.\n\nNote: This table shows the estimated coefficients from logit regressions that estimate how informal and formal workers differ in their work conditions, controlling for other factors. Using RLMS, the authors define informal employment as workers that are employed ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LiTS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "inable land management (SLM) zones, allowing for integrated restoration efforts and more efficient technical support. In parallel, afforestation and reforestation (A/R) priorities were set by overlaying forest maps with  >>> degradation data <<< , identifying approximately 89,500 hectares of degraded land between forest patches as potential corridors, with 22,500 hectares targeted for restoration. This integrated approach is designed to enhance ecosystem recovery, strengthen biodiversity, and improve habitat connectivity", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "degradation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "they are progressive in absolute terms (i.e., the poorer groups get a larger share of total transfers), whereas a positive index means the transfer is regressive in absolute terms (i.e.,\n\n> 22 This statement is based on  >>> survey data <<< . Since survey data do not replicate the amounts of taxes and transfers from administrative data, the statement should be taken as an approximation, if survey data at least capture the relative proportion of taxes and transfers, although not its absolute levels.\n\n> 23 These, in c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t suggest that initial working years are spent acquiring start-up capital, as most of the self-employed enterprises are started using own capital (LSS Employer Survey 2014, Bossavie et al, forthcoming). According to the  >>> Findex surveys <<< , only 11 percent of people aged 15 years and above borrow to start or expand a business.\n\nImproving opportunities for safe long-term saving outside housing in the form of government-sponsored or subsidized old-age savings instruments could yield greater independence in old-age a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Findex surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". These were used in acquisition of secondary baseline data, primary data as well as map development to ensure a comprehensive report is prepared. \n\nA detailed assessment of the  >>> baseline environmental data <<<  was carried out to understand the existing parameters in the physical, biological and socio-economic environment within the vicinity of the project site. Aspects observed included climate data, geological data and soils, hydrology, air and noise quality, among others, as detaile", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline environmental data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t rate.<sup>3</sup> Reconciling these two series is beyond the scope of this report, but it is important to note that the HBS shows declining values of average per capita consumption for the period 1999 \u2013 2002 while the  >>> NAS data <<<  show moderate positive growth.Thus, the estimates of poverty, which are based on the HBS, show increases in poverty in these years despite the positive consumption growth rates shown by the NAS data.\n\nWhen the responsiveness of poverty to growth in average consumption (rather th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NAS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ating social programs, randomized experiments in developing and developed countries alike are accompanied by political risks and ethical issues that jeopardize the chances of adopting them. In this paper we use a unique  >>> data set from rural Mexico <<<  collected for the purposes of evaluating the impact of the PROGRESA poverty alleviation program to examine the performance of a quasi-experimental estimator, the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD). Using as a benchmark the impact estimates based on the experimental nature of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data set from rural Mexico", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 1.83<br>27.50 20.03<br>1.00 25.30 0.73 18.43<br>74.86 54.53<br>Fuels Kerosene Firewood Fuels Kerosene Firewood<br>Livestock fertilizer forestry Livestock fertilizer forestry<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source: The  >>> livestock and fertilizer data <<<  are sourced from FAO_ _<u>(</u>_ <u>www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/GT</u> _<u>, 2017a. The forestry and</u> firewood data are from the Environment, Forests and Climate Change Commission (MEFCC) (_ <u>Mefcc.gov.et/Ethiopia-forest-sectorghg-emissions, 2017)</u> _<u>.</u> The data on", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "livestock and fertilizer data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "contrast to the ESI, we incorporate LAYS in the ASI.\n\nIn developing the ASI we followed a few guiding principles. First, we chose data series all of which were derived from a specific source such as  >>> WDI <<< , ED Stats or Penn World Tables. The intent was to preserve data comparability across countries as much as possible. Second, comparable series for which data for all countries were available were few. Therefore, we ignored some series we deemed useful in preference to others with", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing to the (2002) National Population and Housing census. The sub region consists of Bundibugyo, Ntoroko and Kasese Districts. \n\n#### **Population** \n\nIn 1991, the district population was estimated at about 343,600. The  >>> 2002 National Population and Housing census <<<  put the population of the district at approximately 523,000. It is estimated that in 2012, the population of the district was approximately 747,800. However, the 2014 National Population and Housing Census provisional results puts the population of Kasese District to 694, 992 pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2002 National Population and Housing census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an filter. The Google database is publicly available starting from February 15, 2020. The paper uses a backcasting methodology to increase the historical number of observations and then augments a lag of one week in the  >>> mobility data <<<  with other high-frequency data (air quality) over January 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020. Finally, mixed data sampling regression is implemented for nowcasting industrial production growth rates. The Google Mobility Index is a good predictor of industrial production. The results sugg", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "mobility data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f the satellite imagery to improve poverty predictions. The benchmark used for evaluation is the municipal income poverty estimates, generated by CONEVAL using a combination of the 2014 MCSENIGH household survey and the  >>> 2015 Intercensus survey <<< . The Intercensal survey is conducted every 5 years between two censuses, to update socio-demographic information at the national and\n\n> 11 AGEBs (\u00c1reas Geoestad\u00edsticas B\u00e1sicas) are equivalent to sub areas in this context, while municipalities are target areas, or the areas at wh", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2015 Intercensus survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vities are required to be executed and completed with contract outputs meeting the objectives of time, cost, quality, and scope. Discrepancies were noted between SDWS\u2019s reported procurement progress and that recorded in  >>> STEP <<< , with process delays noted in all four activities. SDWS, through its appointed contract managers, requires monitoring and tracking of the contract execution to meet these objectives. The mission agreed that SDWS would develop and implement appropriate measures to address signifi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "STEP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lectricity, poor reliability of service delivery imposes high costs (including the capital cost of self-generation and loss of production), which is a constraint to competiveness and undermines employment potential. The  >>> 2013 enterprise survey in Uganda <<<  (January 2013-July 2014) shows that nearly 23.2 percent of the firms identified unreliable electricity services as the main obstacle for conducting business in the country. \n\n## **Sectoral and institutional Context** \n\nThe GoU initiated a series of power sector reforms in 1997 w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2013 enterprise survey in Uganda", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5%<br>12.5%<br>11.1% 11.3%<br>5.3%<br>0.0% 0.0% 3.6% 3.8% 2.0% 0.9%<br>Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5<br>Source: ENIGH 2007<br><!-- End of picture text --> In order to estimate private pocket contributions to education, we may recur to  >>> national account figures <<< <sup>7</sup> , where final private consumption in education amounted 17,147 RD$ million in 2005, which represented 1.37% of the GDP that year. As we argue, this may be a good proxy for private pocket expenditure in education (enrolment, fee for services, materials) as, by definit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national account figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al strategy relates GVC participation as a buyer (backward GVC links) and seller (forward GVC links) to domestic value added. The measures are based on the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\u2019s (OECD)  >>> Inter-Country InputOutput (ICIO) data set <<<  as well as the World Input Output database (WIOD). Both databases cover a wide range of industrialized and developing countries, manufacturing and services sectors, and years. Related streams of literature have focused on the productivity gains from international trade and inves", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Inter-Country InputOutput (ICIO) data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erence period for their seasonwide inferences, we use the weekly data. Here, we compare the recall data with the seasonlong extrapolations based on the person-level average, peak, recent, and harvest work periods in the  >>> weekly visit and weekly phone data <<< . These estimates are presented in table 6. Unlike de Nicola and Gin\u00e9 (2014), it appears that farmers in our data do not base season-long estimates on the average workweek. This finding is consistent with the idea that it may be difficult for people to calculate an average mental", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "weekly visit and weekly phone data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng on nonfood consumption is added to the food poverty line, as shown by segment B in Figure 1.\n\n# Data\n\nWe use two main data sources for our estimation of a poverty line for Brazil: the 2017/18 Household Budget Survey ( >>> Pesquisa de Or\u00e7amentos Familares <<< ; POF) and the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (Tabela Brasileira de Composi\u00e7\u00e3o de Alimentos; TBCA). POF is a nationally representative semiregular survey on income and expenditures in Brazil, conducted every six to nine years. The sample of the 2017/18 round includes over 58", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Pesquisa de Or\u00e7amentos Familares", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Scincidae|_Trachylepis striata_|LC|\n\n\n\n### **5.2.2.3 Avian species** \n\nA total of 21 bird species were recorded within the proposed sites, all the other recorded species are considered as Least concern according to the  >>> IUCN red list <<<  of threatened species except the Mountain buzzard, Buteo oreophilus which is considered as \u201cNear Threatened\u201d A comprehensive list of the recorded birds is provided in appendix 2. \n\n### **5.3 Physical Baseline** \n\n### **5.3.1 Topography and Geomorphology** \n\nMgahinga Gorilla Nati", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IUCN red list", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hrough LinkedIn have been primarily used for business purposes, rather than for policy formulation, though various industry- and skills-focused analyses have been published on LinkedIn\u2019s official blog. Tambe (2014) used  >>> skills data from LinkedIn <<<  to measure employers\u2019 investment in big-data-related human resources management.\n\n3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "skills data from LinkedIn", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ans and standard deviations of the variables in the earnings function are shown in Table 16. Most of the human capital variables have already been discussed in Sections 3-5 of this paper. With regards to experience, the  >>> CILSS <<<  provides two direct measures: the time worked in the\n\n- 14/ An alternative to this procedure would be to estimate equation (3) minus the T and A variables for four groups of people: those with only general education, those with T, those with A, and those with both T and A. This ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CILSS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "8 World Index. To control for the commodity channel, we use the  >>> Bloomberg\u2019s commodity price index <<< .\n\nLast, we also use data on fiscal expenditure and tax event in the United States and natural disasters as source of arguably exogenous variation to identify growth shocks in both AEs and EMs. US spending news data are the narrative military expenditure shock obtained from Ramey", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Bloomberg\u2019s commodity price index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "onsulting (All Firms) <!-- Start of picture text --> 0 50 100 150 200 250<br>Total hours of technical assistance<br>40<br>190 hours<br>30<br>20<br>Number of firms<br>10<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Source** :  >>> Program administrative data <<< . Firms with no hours of consulting recorded are shown as receiving zero hours..\n\n# **C Data and Measurement Details**\n\nOur primary outcomes use annual data on exports from 2010 to 2020 provided by the National Directorate of Taxes and Customs (DIAN) and supplied to us by the Col", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Program administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bour Authorities. Their assistance is gratefully acknowledged. **OED** has reviewed the Appraisal and President's Reports, the Minutes of the Board of Executive Directors' Meetings at which the projects were considered,  >>> Bank records and files <<<  as well as the attached Project Completion Report (PCR) prepared **by** the Eastern Africa Regional Office's Ports, Railways, Aviation and Pipelines Division. Based on these and the field visit the audit concludes that the PCR covers most of the issues arising from implementing ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Bank records and files", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " services. The mission emphasized the need for regular update of the RFW, and Water supply scheme design informed by  >>> Water Resource information system <<< . From the ongoing activities it is understood some limitation such as (i) no report on the indicators measuring sustainable service delivery, and (ii) functionality of WS schemes. Finally, it _is agreed to report on these indicators starting next mission_ \n\n52. **Lessons learned", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Water Resource information system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sampled households in the overall population is unknown. We therefore combine the  >>> WWS Household Survey data <<<  with quintile cut-offs from the 2009 Household Budget Survey (HBS). Because the HBS is representative of the entire Latvian population, the quintile cut-offs generated from that welfare distribution can be used to determine the quintile to which the WWS beneficiary household bel", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WWS Household Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ricts. Nwoya District\u2019s population has been increasing the most during the same period with an average annual growth rate of 9.49 %. The sex ratio is defined as the number of males per 100 females in the population. The  >>> 2014 Census <<<  reveals that Arua has the lowest ratio while Nwoya has the highest. The urbanisation in Uganda is increasing steadily (UBOS, 2014), yet the population in the districts affected by the project still mainly lives in rural areas. \n\n###### **Table 6-18 Population Demographics per Di", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gions, with an estimated population of 852,228 people (Population Estimation Survey of Somalia (PESS) 2013-2014). \n\n###### **_<u>IDP Population</u>_** \n\nThe IDP population <u>in Jubaland is estimated to be 135,000 IDPs ( >>> UNHCR total IDPs per region <<< </u> report, September 2014). Kismaayo is believed to have the largest IDP population in the region mostly located in Farjano and Fanole areas. Recent IDPs profiling conducted by NRC indicated that there are 6,059 IDPs households in Kismaayo towns in 80 settlements. Kismaayo, the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR total IDPs per region", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " recall effect is the result of changes in reported harvest state over time. We assess this possibility using information on the harvest state \u2013 shelled (grain) and unshelled (on the cob) \u2013 which is available for Malawi  >>> IHS4 <<<  and IHPS 2016/17 data in three steps. First, we assess whether the state in which harvest weight is reported changes with the length of the recall period. We find that the share of farmers reporting the weight of maize on the cob decreases with recall length at 0.8 percentage po", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IHS4", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".57|-3.14||\n\n# Figure A.1: Trade Shares\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> Trade Shares of Argentina's Major Trade Partners (%)<br>30<br>Brazil United States China Germany Chile<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>Source:  >>> IMF DOTS <<< <br>1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015<br><!-- End of picture text --> 35", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IMF DOTS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of GDP in 2011; if the latter target is achieved there will have been a fiscal consolidation amounting to 5.7 percent of GDP in the space of 3 years, one of the largest in the European Union (figure 1).\n\n**Table 1: Key  >>> macroeconomic and fiscal data <<<  and projections (percent of GDP): 2008-2016**\n\n||2008|2009|2010|2011|2012|2013|2014|2015|2016|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Real<br>GDP<br>growth|7.3|-7.1|-1.3|2.0|1.8|3.5|4.0|4.0|4.0|\n|Revenue and<br>grants|32.2|31.4|32.8|33.0|33.6|34.1|34.3|34.4|34.6|\n|Expenditur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "macroeconomic and fiscal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The population is extracted from the  >>> WorldPop 2020 global raster layer <<<  (Tatem, 2017; WorldPop, 2019), the cell phone penetration is treated as the GSMA unique number of mobile subscribers (GSMA, 2020), and the smartphone adoption rate is taken from the Research ICT Africa After Access Survey (Research ICT Africa, 2018). Metrics representing the fut", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WorldPop 2020 global raster layer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tual(Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|0.00|0.00|601.00|\n|Date|12-Jun-2015|04-Jul-2018|12-Feb-2019|30-Jun-2021|\n|Comments**:**|Length of the fiber li|nk between Nadapal/Nakodok a|nd Eldoret||\n\n\n\n# ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<< ** \n\n### **Disbursements (by loan)** \n\n|Project|Loan/Credit/TF|Status|Currency<br>|Original|Revised|Cancelled|Disbursed|Undisbursed|% Disbursed|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ear (this period corresponds to the dry season). Northern Nigeria presents more variability in terms of temperature that ranges between 22 and 33 degrees.\n\n# Figure 6\n\n> 19 Specifically, Odekunle (2004) used 40 years of  >>> daily rainfall data <<<  from five weather stations (Ikeja, Kaduna, Illorin, Ondo, and Kano) representing different climates, to predict the date of onset and cessation of rains. The point of onset corresponds to the time when cumulative rainfall reaches 7-8% of the annual total rainfall, whereas that o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "daily rainfall data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n fish synchronize their reproduction cycles, which happen to follow lunar periods.\n\n# **2.2 Data and Descriptive Statistics**\n\nWe use several data sources in the analysis. First, from the middlemen and societies we use  >>> hand-written records of all sales and loan transactions <<< . At the end of each year, they provide a copy of individual sales records to each one of their boat owners. Each boat owner thus has a precise record of his catches. These are the records we use in our analysis from January 2001 to July 2007, yielding a total of about 260,000 ob", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "hand-written records of all sales and loan transactions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rbolic sine had a smaller and nonsignificant coefficient. Across all outcomes and specifications, the signs were negative.\n\n> 12 Population data used to calculate the rates and generate the linear time trend is from the  >>> DATASUS population projections <<< , which are computed based on inter-Census projections made by the health research institute RIPSA (Rede Interagencial de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es para a Sa\u00fade - Interagency Network of Information for Health), in partnership with the Brazilian National Statistics Bureau (Instituto Brasileiro ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DATASUS population projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "exist.<sup>1</sup> Hellerstein, Neumark, and Troske (1999) use a unique plant-level dataset in the United States, the Worker Establishment Characteristics Database (WECD), which matches long-form respondents to the  >>> 1990 Decennial Census of Population <<<  to data on\n\n> 1 Verner (2000) uses the same methodology to analyze wages and productivity gaps in Ghana.\n\n2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1990 Decennial Census of Population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hild\u2019s participation covered. \n\nAt the time of our research free access to primary and secondary education was offered to Iraqi children within Jordanian public institutions. However, take-up was far from universal. The  >>> 2013 CARE survey <<<  indicated a non-enrolment rate of 37.5%, and a non-attendance rate \n\n14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2013 CARE survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n addition to their pensions is also very scarce. The number of people involved may be relatively large, however. A comparison of a labor force survey (GUS \"Aktywnosc Zawodowa i Bezrobocie w Polsce\" 12/1993 p. 142) with  >>> data on registered pensioners <<<  (GUS Rocznik Statystyczny), in 1993, showed 1 million more registered pension earners (8,730 thousand) than persons out of the labor force who had worked previously (7,729 thousand).\n\n31", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on registered pensioners", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "also provided. Colour-coded representations are used in which green corresponds to least modelled displacement risk and red the most (Table 3.1). \n\nThe displacement risk estimates were produced by using a combination of  >>> national-level disaster loss data <<<  from two of the principal loss", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national-level disaster loss data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "21|31-Dec-2021|\n|Comments**:**|Source: 2018 IFPRI HFA Baseline Report.  pg 38/39<br>Source: 2018 IFPRI HFA Baseline Report.  pg 38/39<br>Targeting using one committee structure is more prevalent in Lowlands compa<br>the  >>> HFA Baseline report <<< . In Highlands, 40% of kebeles (4 out of 10) used one<br>and HFA, while in Lowlands 87.5% (7 out of 8) of kebeles targeted using one c<br>Note that the endline for the PSNP IE was planned for March 2020 however d<br>COVID-19, all data collection activities have been suspended unt", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HFA Baseline report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "und 82 percent of total trade flows by multinationals, and for 55 and 61 percent of total French imports and exports respectively. Second, to add information on firms\u2019 characteristics, we merge our main dataset with the  >>> Annual French Business Surveys <<<  (EAE), available from INSEE. The EAE survey is conducted every year and provides detailed firm-level information for all French firms with more than 20 employees whose main activity is in manufacturing. This survey allows us to have information on firms\u2019 employment and labor pro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Annual French Business Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for the full sample and 3.4 percentage points for the restricted sample.\n\n >>> Data from the exit interviews <<<  conducted at the health facilities also contain some information on the rationales for the different choices made by women of different socioeconomic status. During the exit interviews, the women were asked the primary reason they chose the health facility where they received ca", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from the exit interviews", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "DD+ Legacy projects met the required eligibility and screening criteria. Consequently, ESMPs were prepared and implemented for 538 out of the 2,202 PFM and AR sites. \n\nBased on the implementation of site specific ESMPs,  >>> primary and secondary data <<<  collected during the ESDDA period show that no new investment activities implemented for OFLP-ERP during the requested retroactive carbon financing period. However, 890 active RIP forest investment activities on AR/ANR/PFM sites were checked for eligibility and screened. After t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "primary and secondary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "15\u201316 data** \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nGrid electricity for offices  Diesel for vehicles  Diesel for generators<br> $  $200,000  $400,000  $600,000  $800,000  $1,000,000<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nSource:  >>> Data collected during survey and interviews with humanitarian organizations <<< , with additional evidence collected from sustainability reports. \n\n36     movingenergy.earth", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data collected during survey and interviews with humanitarian organizations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he number of births in column (1), _N_ , is the 1995 figure from UN Statistics Division. The number of mothers, _m_ , is obtained as General Fertility _<u>N</u>_ Rate<sup>usingthegeneralfertilityrateestimated</sup> from  >>> NFHS-2 <<<  by Retherford and Mishra (2001) as 131.53 per 1000 women. \u2206 _NFG_ is estimated to\n\n> 64This number is derived from a regression specification similar to the one estimated by Bhalotra and Cochrane (2010).\n\n74", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NFHS-2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ditional year of education provides a relatively small \u2013 and declining \u2013 increase in wages.\n\nIn the next section we provide a brief overview of the literature with a focus on Russia. Section 3 describes and analyzes the  >>> RLMS data <<<  used in this study. Section 4 presents the empirical results and Section 5 offers some conclusions.\n\n# **2. Literature Review**\n\nIn a worldwide perspective, the latest findings on returns to education can be condensed to the following (Psacharopoulos and Patrinos 2018): (1) over", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RLMS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Liberia|100%|0.22%|0.36%|63%|\n|Burkina Faso|57%|0.45%|0.99%|46%|\n|S\u00e3o Tom\u00e9 and Pr\u00edncipe|91%|1.77%|6.08%|29%|\n|Comoros|100%|1.10%|4.13%|27%|\n|Rwanda|50%|0.26%|1.04%|25%|\n\n_Source_ : World Bank staff calculations based on  >>> utility data <<< .\n\nIn the medium to long term, there are further opportunities to reduce the cost of service. While a quick and practical solution in many contexts, HFO-based generation still represents a relatively expensive source of electricity,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "utility data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "primary health facilities have management committees and nearly 60 percent of them were elected.  Three quarters of the facilities were sharing financial information with the public.  A majority of users included in the  >>> Citizen's Report Card exercise <<<  undertaken by Family Care International in two counties said that overall quality of service, waiting time, cleanliness and state of the health centers had improved compared to previous year.</mark> \n\n## **<mark>Environmental Analysis</mark>** \n\n<mark>Explanation:</mark> \n\n<mark", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Citizen's Report Card exercise", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 5544\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper analyzes the patterns of and the challenges for youth employment in Pakistan and examines whether these challenges are youth-specific. Using the  >>> 2005/2006 Labor Force Survey <<< , the analysis includes determinants of unemployment, determinants of working in the formal sector, rate of return on education, and determinants of working hours. The paper finds that many of the challenges to youth employment in Pakistan are not youth-specific. Policies should ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2005/2006 Labor Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Arab Republic using monetary and nonmonetary dimensions. In particular, we used a model proposed by Chaudhuri et al. (2002) that allows us, under certain assumptions, to estimate vulnerability using a single  >>> cross-section survey <<< , which is the type of data we have. \n\nThe estimations provided for monetary vulnerability clearly indicated that poverty and vulnerability are two related but quite different concepts. The same predictors may behave quite differently for poverty and vulnerability, sometimes with", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-section survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " students while the latter excludes students.\n\nUnfortunately, no data source provides \u2015joblessness\u2016 rates so we estimate them for the purposes of this paper. To purge students from the ILO\u2019s KILM inactivity rate, we use  >>> EDStats secondary school attendance rates <<<  to roughly estimate the percentage of girls 15-24 who are in school.<sup>11</sup> We generate two joblessness rates, under different assumptions. First, we assume that girls age 15 and older are only in upper secondary. We use gross upper secondary school enrollment rates to cal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EDStats secondary school attendance rates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gratorios de ciudadanos y ciudadanas venezolanos que ante la crisis pol\u00edtica, econ\u00f3mica y social que se vive en su pa\u00eds han decidido migrar hacia el \u00c1rea Metropolitana de Bucaramanga en busca de oportunidades laborales.  >>> Cifras de Migraci\u00f3n Colombia <<<  a enero de 2021 dan cuenta de la permanencia de al menos 113.000, ciudadanos y ciudadanas venezolanos en el departamento de Santander, de los cuales 41.132 residen  en Bucaramanga, 24.825 en Floridablanca,8.088 en Piedecuesta, y 5.360 en Gir\u00f3n,  estas personas en su mayor\u00eda vive", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Cifras de Migraci\u00f3n Colombia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-|---|\n|_Policy_|_Welfare_<br>_% variation_|_Welfare_<br>_% variation_|\n|No policy|3,749.0<br>0.0|35.1<br>0.0|\n|Highest education of PA increased byone level|4,113.5<br>9.7|37.0<br>5.2|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> Syrian Household Budget Survey 2007 <<<  and JD-HV2 data. \n\nmodel, the results referring to the Syrian refugees in table 4.7 are different from the ones in table 4.6. From table 4.7 we note that the policy simulation under consideration increases welfare in both populations. However, the effect is almost double for the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Syrian Household Budget Survey 2007", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o, albeit skewed towards larger firms.\n\nThe summary statistics of our data set are shown in Table 1, with the definitions of all variables listed in Table A1 in the Appendix. In Panel A, we display summary statistics of  >>> macrolevel data <<<  from states and municipalities. We start by presenting the ex-ante indebtedness of state governments, measured by the main indicator _DebtStates,16Q1_ , which is the ratio of states\u2019 public debt to freely disposable income one month prior to the introduction of the FD Law.<sup>2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "macrolevel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 2022), while Russia had at most modest losses or may have gained market share (Rose et al. 2023).\n\n# **2.2 Measuring data on the conflict that are relevant for agricultural production**\n\nStudies have traditionally used  >>> self-reported household survey data on conflict experience <<<  (Muriuki et al. 2023) or physical proximity to war zones (Akresh et al. 2022) to measure conflict exposure, although the subjective and static nature of these measures has long been recognized as a drawback. An important source of <mark>independent,</mark> time-varying data on <", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "self-reported household survey data on conflict experience", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "84**||\n|Adult literacy rate (%)|||0_(3.3)0***|\n|Pupil-teacher ratio in primary education|-0.11|(011|(0.7)|\n|Constant|40.6|43.7|17.7|\n|Number of countries|35|33|34|\n|R2|0.19|0.30|0.38|\n\nSource: the estimates are based on  >>> country data on achievement <<<  from Lee and Barro 1997 (op. cit.); and on the other variables from the IREDU database.\n\n33 See Krueger, Alan B. (1997) \"Experimental estimates of education production functions,\" National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper # 6051, Cambridge, Mass.\n\n34 See section 2.3 abo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country data on achievement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th comparable survey data available from different organizations to potentially scale up such approaches in other countries. The strong correlation between AI-estimated prices and crowdsourced data, triangulated against  >>> enumerator-led data <<< , over an extended timeframe 12", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "enumerator-led data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g Trajectories in India**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> A: Percent who can do division, by grade B: Percent who can do division, by grade<br>( linear trend between Grades 6 and 10)<br>0<br>Source: Authors\u2019 analysis of  >>> Indian ASER data <<<  (2008\u20102012)<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **Figure 5.2: Learning Trajectories in India, by State (2012)**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 analysis of Indian ASER data (2012)<br><!-- End of picture text --> _PISA data across grades_ Another way to test the l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indian ASER data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of highly educated Venezuelans to skilled jobs. The main goal of this section is to conduct a simulation of the potential effects of such a policy. As a first step, we begin by analyzing some relevant information in the  >>> EPEC survey <<< . In practical terms, a barrier that may be preventing skilled Venezuelan workers from applying to skilled jobs may be the lack of transferability of education credentials or even the lack of credentials altogether.\n\nWe estimate that around 51,000 Venezuelan migrants in Ecuador (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EPEC survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rends at the subnational level. Within this context, we identify two noteworthy trends in employing SAE to better understand nutritional outcomes in developing countries. One prevalent approach combines census data with  >>> household expenditure information <<< , utilizing caloric intake thresholds as indicators of malnutrition. For instance, Hossain et al. (2020) applied the SAE methodology to estimate food insecurity at the district level in Bangladesh. They integrated data from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2010 with th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household expenditure information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "country size using GDP from the Penn World Tables and the real exchange rate. We use the bilateral real exchange rate between France and other countries using producer prices of France and importer countries from the  >>> International Financial Statistics <<<  (IFS) of the IMF. Finally, to compute the proxy for foreign competition at the extensive and intensive margin, we use the BACI dataset at the HS6 product level by country of origin.<sup>14</sup> In order to keep a constant sample throughout the paper and to establish the stabili", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Financial Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "level, previous models of land or population have compared results to independent local data (Siebert, D \u0308oll, and Hoogeveen, 2002) or identified errors of omission in a gridded population model using the locations from  >>> household surveys <<<  (e.g. Tiecke et al., 2017).\n\nSince we can not perform an evaluation of prediction accuracy for all countries, we compare", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gauged by  >>> ENE survey <<<  from 2003 and the quantile regression methodology is applied (see Appendix B for details on the quantile methodology). This methodology characterizes the distribution of wages in more detail than traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) and two stage least squares (2SLS) regress", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENE survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ted aggregate losses during 1977-84 equivalent to $183 million at 1986 exchange rates. Indeed, other studies of selected groups of state enterprises echoed findings of economic inefficiency and financial weakness. \n\n2.4  >>> More recent data <<< , discussed below, suggests that the performance of the sector, which is now large and dominates many sectors of the economy, continued to deteriorate over 198690. It is clear that previous attempts at reforms during the 1980s have not been able to reverse the decline in performa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "More recent data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Africa|1.8|94|6|\n|Timmer et al. (2014)|1990-2010|Asia|3.6|85|15|\n|||Latin America|0.9|113|-13|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> data from DOSM <<< , McMillan et al. (2014), Timmer et al. (2014) and Martins (2019) Note: This study and Timmer et al. (2014) use the average annual growth of output per worker, while McMillan et al. (2014) and Martins (2019) use the compound annual growth rate of output per worker. Annual growth ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from DOSM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "groforestry_ \n\n- _Rehabilitation_ \n\n   - _Reafforestation_ \n\n- _Land degradation_ \n\n   - _Watershed area_ \n\n- _Exotic species_ \n\n   - _Sustainability_ \n\n- _Indigenous species_ \n\n- _Shifting cultivation_ \n\n##### Table 1.  >>> Refugee Population Statistics <<<  for Meheba Refugee Settlement \n\n|_Country of Origin_|_Population_|\n|---|-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Refugee Population Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "139|\n|**Uruguay**|UY|ENIGH|2005|9079|7043|77|\n\nThis table lists alphabetically the 31 countries in the core sample, the survey names and years. GDP per capita is in PPP USD in the year of the survey, obtained from the  >>> World Bank Development Indicators <<< . Code refers to the country acronym which we use in the figures. The sample size refers to the number of households in the survey, and the number of items reported is the number of expenditure items reported on average across all households in the survey.\n\n46", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies, and as such, the revised poverty estimates do not change drastically as a result of this update. See Ferreira et al. (2015) for a detailed discussion on the topic.\n\n4 This number is statistically projected from the  >>> 2012 global poverty figures <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2012 global poverty figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "chooling and learning data is based on Harmonized Learning Outcomes (HLO)._ _Source: The Human Capital Index is described in Kraay (2019) and is based on Angrist, Djankov, Goldberg, and Patrinos (2021) learning data and  >>> UIS enrollment data <<< ._ Figure 1: Years of Schooling and Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling (Macro-LAYS) macro-LAYS estimates. In this section, we outline the approach to producing micro-LAYS for evaluations that report effects on schooling participation, such as attendance or years of school gaine", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UIS enrollment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ffects in retaining girls in schools, perhaps more in higher grades. Dropout rates in Punjab (as in most developing settings) increase with grades and age. In fact, a simple DD analysis between 2003-04 and 2007-08 using  >>> household survey data <<<  shows a decrease of 2-3 percentage points in drop-out rate in middle and high school grades in stipend districts, relative to non-stipend districts, while there are not changes in dropout rates for noneligible grades. Finally, the expansion of the FSSP in 2006-07 to cover grades", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "UNIDO). The UNIDO publishes a listing of three-digit SITC codes that correspond to four technological classifications of trade: resource-based, lowtechnology, medium-technology, and high-technology industries. Using the  >>> UN COMTRADE database <<< , we can access the commodity-level trade of individual countries and separate it by this technological classification. Calculating the share of high-technology trade with respect to the total gives us a measure of the technological intensity of trade for that country. In additio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UN COMTRADE database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sus did not count the Ogiek as an independent group. The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights estimated their total population to be between 15,000 and 20,000 individuals (ACHPR 2005:15) which is in line with  >>> scientific data <<<  (Heine and Mohlig 1980:32), while the Ogiek themselves estimate their total number to be between 20,000 (Kobei 2002:60) and 60,000 (Ogiek.org). \n\n#### **2.2.1. History** \n\nKnowledge of Ogiek history before 1900 is limited. Oral history traces back the origin to the Kiplombe hill", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "scientific data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6421\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper investigates the differential impacts of foreign ownership on wages for different types of workers (in terms of educational background and gender) in Vietnam using the _Vietnam Household  >>> Living Standards Surveys <<< _ of 2002 and 2004. Whereas most previous studies have compared wage levels between foreign and domestic sectors using firm-level data (thus excluding the informal sector), one advantage of using the Living Standards Surveys in this paper is that the data allow wage comparison an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Living Standards Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bute to their profitability. Listed banks are subject to stricter corporate governance and disclosure requirements, and these factors could be driving their better performance. These results are consistent with a recent  >>> survey of bank governance in MENA <<<  (OECD (2009)) that report the poor corporate governance of family-owned banks, especially non-listed banks, and stresses the extent of lending to close relatives and other connected parties that ultimately results in their poor financial performance.\n\n# _Policy Implications_\n\nAs", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of bank governance in MENA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er to make occupational distributions of females and males equal.<sup>b</sup> Nine major groups of occupations according to ISCO 88.<sup>c</sup> 15 sectors (A, B,...,O) according to NACE. _Sources:_ Calculation based on  >>> LFS data <<< .\n\nCan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LFS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "asize the trend breaks. The bold vertical lines are at<sup>\ufffd</sup> _tb_ 1 and<sup>\ufffd</sup> _tb_ 2, respectively. The dashed vertical line indicates<sup>\ufffd</sup> _tmin_ . _Source_ : Authors\u2019 analysis based on data from the  >>> Penn World Tables <<<  version 9.0 (series _rgdpna/pop_ ).\n\nThe slump begins in 1958 and the trough is found in 1959. This is a relatively short-lived crisis before the ousting of the Somoza dictatorship ushers in a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Penn World Tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "than the imputed z-score that would result in a statistically significant change in the overall height-for-age z-score as shown in first panel of table 2<sup>12</sup> . These results resonate with other studies that use  >>> longitudinal data <<<  from surviving and nonsurviving children and find a modest amount of selection via child mortality on heightfor-age z-scores i.e., Boerma et al (1992), Moradi (2010)<sup>13</sup> .\n\nThe effect of the change in mortality on gender patterns of height-for-age z-scores was also simu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "longitudinal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "te the association between conflict and IPV risk from other IPV risk factors. This study adds to the literature that examines the association between exposure to conflict and IPV controlling for other risk factors using  >>> data gathered in Nigeria <<<  at the time of the Boko Haram (BH) insurgency. It adds to a small but growing evidence base that underscores the need for interventions that respond to IPV and seek to transform the norms that legitimize interpersonal violence in conflict-affected settings.\n\nThe focus of this pa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data gathered in Nigeria", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> speed data <<<  of historic hurricanes and tropical storms in Central America. This novel windstorm hazard model for Central America has been developed by the WBG Latin\u2010American and the Caribbean Disaster Risk Management (DRM) team as part of the development of Country Disaster Risk Profiles.<s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "speed data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "c Republic of Congo (DRC) almost perfectly illustrates the often weak link between health service utilization and health outcomes: although more than 80 percent of women receive antenatal care and deliver in facilities ( >>> Demographic and Health Survey <<<  2014), the country remains among the ten with the highest maternal and infant mortality rates globally.<sup>4</sup> Equally striking is the steep socioeconomic gradient in health outcomes: under\u20105 mortality in the bottom quintile is 54 percent higher than in the top quintile.<su", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ucts to us, we sell for them and send the money. We really depend on one another\u201d (Refugee man, R2 Dagahaley)._ The small profit made in these exchanges represent a small source of income for host families as well. In a  >>> FGD with hosts <<< , one woman reported an estimated 5,000 monthly income from the trade in Dadaab (e.g. tomatoes and vegetables). \n\nRefugees and host community members share a common language, religion, and culture, and there is a sense of kinship and homogeneity between the two groups. The concep", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FGD with hosts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "act eval<br>(and ongoing TA is i<br>considered achieved<br>s (Number, Custom)|fers to an estimate from the KI<br>uation is 94%. The draft end-lin<br>n the process of reconfirming th<br>, but will be revised if TA confir| >>> HBS data <<< . The actual basel<br>e survey data confirms tha<br>is value). At this stage the<br>ms otherwise.|ine value from the 2012<br>t the achieved value is 95%<br>indicator is therefore|\n||Baseline|Actual (Previous)|Actual (Current)|End Target|\n\n\n\n12/28/2018 \n\nPage 3 of 7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HBS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and larger categories by location only (Table 12 and Table 13). Lastly, we estimate the effects of bribery using a  >>> panel of firms surveyed <<<  in both 2006 and 2010.\n\n# <u>A. Firm & Country Groupings</u>\n\nFirst we analyze bribery distortions for only small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs). SMEs form the backbone of economic activity in most of the developing countries and they suffer more from unfavorable business en", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel of firms surveyed", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re 6). The average number of hours that a child works steadily increases with the number of animals (bottom panel in Figure 6). Consistent with previous results for _Progresa/Oportunidades_ (Gertler et al., 2012), using  >>> evidence follow-up survey <<<  we find that among households with at least one child aged 8-13, PAL increased the number of animals owned, with an effect that is statistically larger for cash than in-kind ones (column 1 in Appendix Table A8). Households from both treatment groups are more likely to report bei", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "evidence follow-up survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "., 2005), discount rate \ufffd = 0:995, Calvo probabilities \ufffdp = \ufffdw = 0:75 (from Barattieri et al., 2014), sticky wage elasticity \"w = 20:50 (matching 5% unemployment rate), steady-state government purchases Gss = 0:20 (from  >>> World Development Indicators <<< ), steady-state capital adjustment cost S<sup>00</sup> = 1:5 (from Altig et al., 2011) as well as depreciation rate \ufffd = 0:016, average mark-up X = 1:10, and capital share \ufffd = 0:30 (in order to match K/Y from KLEMS). Measurement and sources of data regarding parameters \ufffd and \ufffd wer", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "data consists of  >>> gridded meteorological observations <<<  from weather stations interpolated on a 25 \u00d7 25 km grid. They are available on a daily basis from 1979 in the European Union and its neighboring countries, including Tunisia. We selected variables for minimum and maximum air temperatures (in Celsius degrees) and sum of precipita", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "gridded meteorological observations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " ownership of an account\u2014that can be used to store money and send or receive payments\u2014at a regulated financial institution, including mobile money service providers. Looking at all countries covered in the database, the  >>> Global Findex 2021 data <<<  finds that globally, 76 percent of adults surveyed had a financial account in 2021\u2014a 50 percent increase from 2011, when only 51 percent of the global adult population had an account.<sup>3</sup> Yet, about 1.4 billion adults\u2014or 24 percent of adults\u2014worldwide remain without a fi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Global Findex 2021 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "statistical power, we find results that are qualitatively similar to our core results.\n\n# **5 Results**\n\nIn this section we report three sets of results. First, we report descriptive results which come directly from the  >>> COVID-19 phone survey <<< , targeted at understanding the responses to and socio-economic effects of the coronavirus pandemic. While these results do not specifically quantify the effect of the coronavirus pandemic on food security, they do provide insight of how individuals in Mali perceive the effect of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "COVID-19 phone survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "84|||||\n\n**Notes:** Baseline characteristics of firms involved in the program shown in first five columns. Characteristics of a representative sample of Mexican female entrepreneurs shown in columns 6 and 7 are from the  >>> 2023 ENOE <<<  (National Survey of Occupation and Employment). Columns 8 and 9 show characteristics of CREA\u2019s in-person training clients taken from a 2014 survey. Not all characteristics are available in these other surveys. P-value in Column (5) correspond to the effect of treatment on the ba", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2023 ENOE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an compensated by higher revenues and profits. As noted before, the stricter governance and disclosure requirements imposed on listed banks could be driving these results. This interpretation is consistent with a recent  >>> survey of bank governance in MENA <<<  (OECD (2009)), which concludes that corporate governance of non-listed banks is generally poor, particularly those that are family controlled \u2013 these banks tend to engage heavily in connected lending and perform poorly as a result. This would suggest that MENA regulators should ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of bank governance in MENA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly understates household net worth accumulation. To see this, Figure 1 plots household net worth, measured in multiples of monthly household consumption, against the age of the household head for the 2001, 2010 and 2018  >>> PSLM survey <<<  rounds. Age profiles thus constructed appear to increase by around 1 month of consumption per year. However, this fails to consider that each cohort is wealthier than the next: the 2018 cross-sectional profile is shifted upwards by around 20 months of consumption relative to the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PSLM survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd 6,849 AGEBs.<sup>11</sup> Table A1 presents additional details on the geographic structure of Mexico.\n\nImportantly, the publicly available data contains an AGEB-level identifier, which can be linked with the official  >>> AGEB shapefile <<< . For rural areas, the data and associated shapefile identify localities, which are points rather than polygons. These were grouped together using the same AGEB shapefile into rural AGEBs. The survey collects income per capita, which is the welfare metric used to calculate the of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "AGEB shapefile", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es of income. Food gathering is often impossible and there is less space for home gardens and livestock which can be good stable sources of nutritious food in view of especially short term variations in income.\n\nIndeed,  >>> data from Indonesia <<<  (Chernichovsky and Meesook; 1988), for example, indicate that while the urban population is wealthier and better off in terms of protein and vitamin C consumption, it **it** worse off in terms of consumption of calories and other micro nutrients. One of the reasons for this is t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from Indonesia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "assess the impacts of the project on groups that meet the requirements of ESS7. Baseline information for monitoring will primarily be drawn from the Social Assessment (SA) prepared for each project site, complemented by  >>> quantitative and qualitative data collected during VMGP preparation <<< . This ensures that monitoring is grounded in a clear, VMG-specific baseline against which progress and impacts can be measured. Experts advising on compliance will include the national and county E&S Officers, supported by technical officers involved in preparing the SA/VMGPs an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quantitative and qualitative data collected during VMGP preparation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of picture text --> D. Per capita income relative to advanced economies, 2022 <!-- Start of picture text --> Percent<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>EAP ECA LAC MNA SAR SSA<br><!-- End of picture text --> Sources:  >>> Penn World Tables <<< , World Bank.\n\nNote: AEs = advanced economies; EAP = East Asia and Pacific, ECA = Europe and Central Asia, EMDE = emerging market and developing economy, LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean, MNA = Middle East and North Africa, SAR = South Asia, SSA = SubSaharan Africa.\n\nA. Samp", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Penn World Tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in internal and international mobility: in response to the spread of COVID19, closures of borders and severe internal limitations on the freedom of movement have been adopted across all parts of the world. According to  >>> data collected by UNHCR <<< , at the end of May 2020, 99 countries denied access to their territory<sup>3</sup> .  These closures affected any persons who wanted to cross the borders, and no exceptions were made for asylum seekers.<sup>4</sup> At the same time, 65 countries were applying some form of restri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data collected by UNHCR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Bars show the average share of communes in each climate zone being affected by the event based on self\u2010reported data. Source: Author\u2019s calculation based on VHLSS 2010, 2012 & 2014 and  >>> CRU data <<< .\n\n> 15 These emergencies are listed by year and month, including crop diseases, storms, floods, droughts, fires and epidemics.\n\n18", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CRU data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(2011), using  >>> firm level data for France <<< , show that using imported intermediate goods improves French firms export scope, the number of export destination countries and export sales. Along the same line, Bas (2012), using firm level data for Argentina, finds that input tariff cuts have a positive effect on firms\u2019 expor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm level data for France", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tio have different interpretations because of the way the data have been normalized: reserves-to-GDP ratio is in integer percentage points (1 unit increase in the variable represents a 1 percentage point rise) as in the  >>> WDI database <<< , whereas other variables are in decimal percentage points (1 unit increase in the variable represents a 100 percentage point rise). The coefficient of 0.028 on interaction with the reserves-to-GDP ratio indicates that a 1 percentage point higher reserves relative to GDP during c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WDI database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "out the decomposition analysis detailed before. LIS harmonizes different household surveys to a common standard to assure comparability. In this work we use the German Socio\u2010Economic Panel editions of 1994 and 2013, the  >>> Household Budget Survey <<<  of 1992 and the EU\u2010SILC (Statistics and Income Living Conditions) edition of 2013 for Poland, and the Household Budget Survey of 1990 and the EU\u2010SILC edition of 2013 for Spain<sup>6</sup> .\n\nThe main variables of interest of our analysis are occupations and labor related earning", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "':^<br>.. .<br>**e**~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~<br>**..**<br>**.. .. .. ...**|\n|---|---|---|\n|The PTTCs need to be efficiently<br>utilized and financially<br>sustainable.|*<br>The facilities are severely underused. The<br> >>> Schedules of Accommodation <<< <br>show overall room<br>use factors of 60% and 57% for 720- and 480-<br>enrollment colleges respectively. These facilities<br>are idle during school breaks.<br>Currently the colleges are not financially<br>sustainable. The colleges have been running on<br>deficits and their debt", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Schedules of Accommodation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 10 years. \u03b4\u03b4 This is in itself interesting as it suggests a relatively quick recovery of poverty rates after conflict ends.\n\nIn Table A1 we show the evaluation of the conflict data using the conflict debt model. In the  >>> crosscountry data <<<  we show that the mean debt value is 0.177 but debt concentrates in few countries. Conflict debt takes a maximum value of almost 5 as the debt accumulates without peace.\n\n# Cross-Country Results\n\nThe results provided by our conflict debt model are shown in Table 1. There is a rob", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "crosscountry data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">Poverty Poverty (Permanent Income) Poverty (Permanent Income and Redistribution)<br>Notes: Poverty line of 5.50 dollars per person a day (2011 PPP). See Appendix B for details.<br>Sources: Authors\u2019 estimations based on  >>> SEDLAC <<<  (CEDLAS and World Bank) and WEO (October 2018).<br>Headcount Ratio<br>2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017<br>Headcount Ratio<br>2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017<br><!-- End of picture text --> 26", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ousehold is located; or the variable is coded so diversely across countries that meaningful cross-country comparisons are impossible. Newer surveys in the LAC region, for instance, Mexico (ENIGHS 2018 survey) or Brazil ( >>> PNADC 2018 survey <<< ), include a variable on whether HHs live in a hazardous location.<sup>6</sup> Other regions, and older surveys, do not include such question (yet) and rather capture location through the distance to closest markets, schools, health facilities, or other services. Yet again, there", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PNADC 2018 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "as attritors in these regressions.\n\nWe implement two alternative approaches to modeling this probability. We start with a basic model that uses only correlates of attrition from the first round of data collection of the  >>> LEAPS project <<<  in 2003. We then add variables indicating if the respondent had already attrited in 2011 and 2016 (when we started the tracking process). We describe these two approaches in turn.\n\n<u>Model 1. Probability of having full data (including skills measures) as a function of variables", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LEAPS project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010<br><!-- End of picture text --> Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook database; Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development  >>> National Accounts data files <<< ; Taiwan Statistical Databook; and World Bank national accounts data.\n\n**Figure 23: Decomposition of Ratio of Trade Balance over GDP**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 0.8<br>0.6<br>0.4<br>Japan<br>0.2<br>Korea<br>0<br>-0.2 Taiwan<br>-0.4<br>China<br>-0.6<br>-0.8<br>1960 1964 1968", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "National Accounts data files", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t --> Figure A1: Centrality Index<br>Centrality Index<br>0.06<br>0.05<br>0.04<br>0.03<br>0.02<br>0.01<br>0<br>Addis Ababa Nairobi Dar es Salaam Kigali<br>Note: Less sprawling cities have lower CI values.<br>Data Source:  >>> Landscan 2012 <<<  and GHSL 2014. Calculations made by Author<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **Clustering**\n\nBuilding upon the notion of compactness, the study turns to measure the spatial clustering of land cover. Interested in understanding how disperse or clustered each land cover type was,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Landscan 2012", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iversity goes in line with low schooling, underdeveloped financial systems, distorted foreign exchange markets, and insufficient infrastructure.\n\nIn general, these results were confirmed using a survey data set from the  >>> Afrobarometer <<< , a relatively new survey measuring the social, political and economic atmosphere in more than ten countries in Africa. Examining these results, we observe that individuals in Botswana are more compliant than those in South Africa. The marginal effects indicate that being a resid", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Afrobarometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tension allowing for migration within the U.S., data for interstate mobility is obtained from the American Community Survey (ACS).\n\n_Labor supply:_ Data on employment by sector (including home production) comes from the  >>> WIOD Socio Economic Accounts <<< , the International Labor Organization, the U.S. Census, and the ACS. As in RUV, only observations for people aged between 25 and 65 are kept. Labor force participation is measured as the share of individuals in that age group who are either employed or unemployed.\n\n## **3.2 Para", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WIOD Socio Economic Accounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Sets** \n\n##### **Introduction** \n\nThe previous chapters of this report analyzed the welfare, poverty, and vulnerability of refugees from the Syrian Arab Republic using the second round of the Home Visits data in Jordan ( >>> JD-HV2 <<< ). This data set is the most comprehensive data set we had at our disposal and for this reason it was used to carry out most of the core analysis in the report. \n\nThe welfare and poverty analysis of chapter 2 of the report was replicated for three other data sets: the third round", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " was transformed into a private monopoly. Entry was useful in early stages, but the failure of the outgrowing scheme limited the expansion of the sector. In fact, the outgrower scheme was still failing in 1998, when the  >>> household survey data <<<  was collected. This means that the evolution in income shares that we can capture with the available data does not reveal the whole benefits on the reforms.\n\nUsing additional farm data, Brambilla and Porto (2005) report that the cotton reforms had two distinctive effects on cott", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "len slightly, driven by convergence in average incomes across countries. After rising strongly in the 1980s and 1990s, inequality within the average developing country has fallen in the 2000s. These results are based on  >>> household surveys <<< , which are known to underestimate top incomes, especially capital incomes. Furthermore, these surveys often use consumption expenditures, which might not capture increases in living standards at the top. Hence, although much more evidence has become available in poor countries, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt variable|0.67|0.67|0.66|0.67|0.67|0.66|\n|_R_-squared|0.00|0.05|0.16|0.06|0.11|0.20|\n|Observations|324|324|188|324|324|188|\n\n_Source_ : Authors\u2019 analysis based on mission locations from Beach (1903); aid projects from  >>> AidData <<< , World Bank geocoded research release, version 1.3; and control variables from multiple sources, detailed in appendix A _Note_ : Robust standard errors are given in parentheses. The dependent variable equals 1 if the IEG rating is at least moderately satisfactory and equals 0 ot", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "AidData", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion also requires data from all the possible destination countries, at least the most relevant ones. In other words, emigrant stocks from a certain origin can only be measured by aggregating all migrants recorded in the  >>> censuses of all destination countries <<< . As some important destination countries (such", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "censuses of all destination countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "irms. In the ELMPS 2012, using the extended definition, there are 3.5 million workers overall and 2.4 million within formal firms \u2013 although not necessarily formal employment. This compares to 5.8 million workers in the  >>> contemporaneous Economic Census <<< , of whom 2.6 million were within formal firms. In the ELMPS 2018, there were 3.0 million workers, of whom 1.9 million would be within formal firms. The Establishment Census generates a much larger number of workers, 9.2 million, of whom 4.5 million were within formal firms.\n\n# *", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "contemporaneous Economic Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "deficit).\n\nTherefore, in this paper, we introduce a new _Adequate Housing Index (AHI)_ , which is based on a uniform methodology to quantify housing deficits across emerging markets. The _AHI_ draws on countries\u2019 latest  >>> HH expenditure and consumption surveys <<<  (HCES) to estimate the adequacy of housing conditions at the HH level. The uniform measure of the _AHI_ allows for comparability across countries, provides an assessment of the general state of housing within a given economy, and allows to raise awareness regarding the overall h", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HH expenditure and consumption surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " when enough information on the decommissioning phase becomes available. \n\n###### **7.1.1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL COMPONENTS** \n\nDetermining environmental and social components (ESC) consists in identifying, based on  >>> available data <<< , all elements of the physical, biological and human environments that are likely to be affected by one or more sources of impact. The ESC identified for the LGNA transmission line project are listed in Table 7-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "available data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of US adults report ever using ChatGPT, up from 18% in July 2023. Users are concentrated in those aged 18-29 and highly educated. Most users use ChatGPT for tasks at work, learning, and entertainment (McClain 2024). The  >>> 2024 Work Trend Index Annual Report <<<  by Microsoft and LinkedIn highlights that 75% of knowledge workers in 31 surveyed economies use AI at work in 2024. Four out of five AI users bring their own AI tools to work, and this is even more common at small and medium-sized companies. Individuals in administrative and sup", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2024 Work Trend Index Annual Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n estimates using the yearly battle-related civilian and military deaths for the years in which the TUP was implemented in each country Pettersson et al. (2021), divided by the country\u2019s population from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development Indicators <<< . Afghanistan\u2019s battle-related deaths estimate is 17 times as large as Pakistan\u2019s (10 battle-related deaths per 100,000 people); 7 times as large as the Republic of Yemen\u2019s (24 per 100,000 people); and 6 times as large as South Sudan\u2019s (29 per 100,000 people), for the years when ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6|0.5|\n|HIC|0.1|0.1|0.1|0.1|\n|**Regions**|||||\n|AFR|1.0|0.9|0.7|0.6|\n|ECA|0.2|0.2|0.2|0.2|\n|LCR|0.2|0.2|0.1|0.1|\n|SAR|0.6|0.7|0.5|0.3|\n|EAP|1.9|2.1|1.9|1.7|\n|MNA|0.4|0.6|0.5|0.5|\n\n_Source:_ World Bank calculations using  >>> OECD Creditor Reporting System <<<  and World Bank online databases.\n\n_Note:_ Overseas development assistance is measured as gross disbursements, and figures only include countries that received some assistance. Income groups are defined by country income group classification in 2017. LIC = low-income country, LMI", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD Creditor Reporting System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " recommended indicators for monitoring the implementation of mitigation plans. \n\n##### **_6.6.2 Evaluation of Results_** \n\nThe evaluation of results of environmental and social mitigation can be carried out by comparing  >>> baseline data <<<  collected in the planning phases with targets and post-project situations. \n\nA number of indicators would be used in order to determine the status of affected people and their environment (land being used compared to before, how many clean water sources than before, etc). In ord", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " public satisfaction in service delivery in (a) Roads, (b) Drainage, and (c) solid waste from 18%, 22% and 44% (baseline) to 50%, 80%, and 70% respectively (targets). Current public satisfaction, as measured by the last  >>> Citizen Report Card <<<  were  29%, 22% and 46% respectively. In addition, the triggers have been met as follows: (i) KCCA New organizational system is in place and operational, (ii)  establish and implementation of a formal public consultation process, (iii) implementation of financial recovery action ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Citizen Report Card", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion data do not map exactly to the rural/urban distinction implied by the theory. We do not believe this to be a significant limitation. A significant share of migration is not of the traditional rural to urban variant.  >>> Aggregate Census data of 2001 <<<  indicate that 55% of migration is between rural areas, 15% is between urban areas, 21% is rural to urban migration, and 6% is urban to rural migration. Part of the explanation for this is that areas which have seen a recent surge in population are slow to be re-classified as urb", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Aggregate Census data of 2001", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " zoom on their state of origin shows 43% are from Khartoum, 21% from South Kordofan, 15% from North Darfur, 12% from South Darfur and 9% from Blue Nile. \n\n> _3 IOM \u2013 DTM: DTM Sudan - Monthly Displacement Overview (01) |  >>> Displacement Tracking Matrix <<<  (iom.int)_ \n\nUNHCR \n\n4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Displacement Tracking Matrix", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "using data from the  >>> 2016 Household Socio Economic Survey <<< , so it refers to the distributional impact of taxes and transfers as of 2016. The third summarizes the main results by type of policy intervention and in total. The paper concludes with a comparison of the distributional effect of taxes and transfers in Mongolia vis-\u00e0-vis other ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2016 Household Socio Economic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ngs confirm the results found by a number of recent works on the increasing role of intermediate inputs in international trade and the effects of input liberalization on firm performance. Amiti and Konings (2007), using  >>> firm-level data for Indonesia <<< , show that the effect of reductions on input tariffs on firm total factor productivity improvements is much important than the effect of reductions on final good tariffs. Goldberg et al. (2010), using firm level data for India, demonstrate that input tariff liberalization allows", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data for Indonesia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y numbers with the rest of the country. And this is exactly what we see in the data.\n\n|_Table 5: _|_Poverty and Confl_<br>|_ict History in Ugan_<br>|_da 2012and 2016_<br>||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|\n||<br> >>> Poverty rate <<< |<br>Poverty rate|<br>Poverty rate|<br>Poverty rate|\n|Conflict debt|10.26<sup>***</sup><br>(1.606)|||1.928<br>(1.515)|\n|County conflict debt||13.02<sup>***</sup><br>(0.975)||7.556<sup>***</sup><br>(1.103)|\n|District conflict debt|||11.11<sup>***</sup><br>(0.730)|5.345<sup>***</su", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Poverty rate", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed learning for students during an extremely challenging time. The Project also sought to ensure the return of students, particularly poor and vulnerable girls, through the provision of school meals. As evidenced by the  >>> data collected through the Project <<< , the Project interventions did contribute to uninterrupted learning and the return of students to school. However, Kenya still needs to make considerable progress in its human capital development to fully realize its economic potential and allow the country to further reduce pov", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data collected through the Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **6 Conclusion**\n\nThis paper uses the  >>> employer-employee census <<<  in Brazil and data from ORBIS to better measure the state footprint in Brazil. BOS in Brazil are, on average, larger, older, and more innovative than the average private sector firm. This is especially the case for private firms with public investments, which are almost double t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "employer-employee census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " probability that a given household would receive PSNP based on observable characteristics) for all FSP and non-FSP households.  This then gives us the likely PSNP participants in the non-FSP kebeles where we know (from  >>> administrative data <<< ) that PSNP was implemented.  We assumed that households living in non-PSNP kebeles would not be able to participate in PSNP.  We then estimated the effects of FSP (using kernel density matching) along a range of possible PSNP participation assumptions.  The table below presents ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "era outbreak of October 2017 to May 2018, to identify different water and sanitation infrastructure investment scenarios and their relative impact on reducing the risk of cholera in the city. The analysis presented uses  >>> cholera case location data <<<  and geospatial covariates, including the location of and access to networked and non-networked Water and sanitation infrastructure, groundwater vulnerability, and drainage, to generate a high-resolution map of cholera risk across the city. The analysis presents scenarios of stan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cholera case location data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|No data on leave-one-out mean<br>credit constraints|17,902|0.007|0.000|0.081|0.000|1.000|\n|No data on leave-one-out mean<br>green management|17,902|0.118|0.000|0.323|0.000|1.000|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<<  and BEPS II.\n\n# **IV. Firms\u2019 mitigation strategies**\n\nScope and strategic preferences of mitigation The number and quality of green measures that a firm adopts communicates its green investment strategy. The scope of firms\u2019 transition to a low-carbon future describes the degree ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iated before: in 2018 alone 1 992 returns from Somalia were reported.<sup>11</sup> While population numbers have fluc- tuated since 2014, movement trends in Dadaab remain in fact more stable than public opinion lets on.  >>> UNHCR data <<<  reveals that Dadaab had a camp population", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al year ended June **30, 2017,** and of the Project's financial position as at that date. The Director for Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research and the Project Coordinator for KCDP further confirm the completeness of the  >>> accounting records <<<  maintained for the Project, which have been relied upon in the preparation of the Project financial statements as well as the adequacy of the systems of internal financial control. \n\nThe Director for Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research and the Project Manager for KCDP confirm th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "itization of these access-linked activities to increase supply under the Program for the following reasons.** Investment in infrastructure is a priority of MEHE and responds to an urgent need. Statistics provided by the  >>> D-RASATI survey <<<  (2011) and recently updated under the Second Education Development Project (EDP II, 2014) show that among the 1,262 existing public schools, 75 percent need repairs. Of these, 25 percent need major repairs and among these, 40 \n\n57", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "D-RASATI survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gher in Jordan as compared to Lebanon but the poverty gap for JD-HV2 is higher than for JD-HV3. The same is true for the severity of poverty. This indicates that, overall, poverty increased between the two rounds of the  >>> Jordan HV data <<<  but it declined among the poorest individuals. Instead, if we look at Lebanon, the poverty rates for the LB-VASyR data are always higher than poverty rates for the LB-Verif data. This is likely due to the different samples considered between the two surveys. The LB-Verif include", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Jordan HV data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "logy that helps analyze these data and identify deficiencies. The examples of Pakistan and Cambodia are used illustratively to showcase how such an analysis could be done and inform the reform process. The foundation of  >>> expenditure data <<<  comes from the transaction profile. Harvesting and analyzing this provides critical insight into the governing political economy and an opportunity for a more targeted engagement.\n\n# **2.Materials and Methods**\n\nAll expenditure transactions that are routed through the FMIS are r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "splacement in Afghanistan \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nThe boundaries and names shown and the designations used on<br>this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by IDMC. UZBEKISTAN<br>Sources: UNHCR,  >>> Conflict-Induced Internal Displacement: Monthly Updates <<< ;<br>              OCHA Humanitarian Bulletin 666 IDPs TAJIKISTAN<br>reported on Sept 2013<br>TURKMENISTAN 886 IDPs<br>reported on Dec 2013<br>3,591 IDPs<br>JOWZJAN reported on June 2013 reported on Sept 201319 IDPs reported on June 2013627 IDPs<br>KUNDUZ<br>7,506 IDPs TAKHAR BAD", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Conflict-Induced Internal Displacement: Monthly Updates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Table 2: Which surveys can be used to monitor the SDG labor market indicators?\n\n||LSMS\u2010ISA| >>> LSMS\u2010type surveys <<< |LFS|DHS|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Number of surveys reviewed|8|6|11|1 (harmonized across countries)|\n|Disaggregation by:|||||\n|Age|100%|100%|100%|100% (population aged 15 to 49)|\n|Sex|100%|100%|100%|100% (questions differ by sex)|\n|Employment (previous definition)<sup>1</sup>|88%|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LSMS\u2010type surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " village volunteers conducted the door-to-door enrollment drive,\n\n> 8 The NGO identifies out-of-school girls (aged 6 to 14) using a two-step approach. Using data from the state government child tracking system (CTS) and  >>> school records <<< , the program develops an initial list of girls to target. To prepare for the door-to-door enrollment drive, the program then engages community members to verify records, build awareness, and increase enrollment. Volunteers organize meetings of 20 to 40 individuals, to engage vil", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "school records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "wing series from the database: value added at sector level (provided in constant 2005 US dollars) and employment at sector level (provided as percentage of total employment). Apart from these six series, I use data from  >>> Global Trade Analysis Project <<<  (GTAP) to estimate the sector labor share of income at sector level.\n\nThe WDI data on sectoral share of employment are originally sourced from the International Labor Organization\u2019s (ILO) Key Indicators of the Labour Market Database. This annual series on sectoral share is often", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Global Trade Analysis Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 9459\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nEvidence on the effect of exports on welfare at the local level is scarce. Using a unique data set of  >>> international trade and poverty maps <<<  for almost 2,000 Mexican municipalities between 2004 and 2014, the study presented in this paper provides new evidence on the impact of a significant rise in exports on poverty and inequality at the local level. The analysis implements an instrumental variable approach that comb", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "international trade and poverty maps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of micro-simulations on existing SWF beneficiary and survey data from **2008,** the PMT targeting accuracy in increasing the coverage of the poor was compared to the previous Score Card targeting method used by SWF. The  >>> SWF **2008** survey <<<  included income level information as well as PMT/Score Card indicator data, allowing comparison of actual income reported with the PMT and Score Card scores for each applicant. \n\n- The simulations showed that using the Score Card targeting method would extend coverage to \n\n- onl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SWF **2008** survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "king this approach, we strive to account for possible correlates of project success more thoroughly than would be feasible through a sector- or region-specific examination of project indicators. We achieve this with the  >>> data compiled in the delivery challenge framework <<< . The taxonomy provides an overarching examination of critical success factors for World Bank projects. Examining the possible symptoms of failure across three broad phases (planning, implementation, and completion), the more holistic approach employed here allows for a robust an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data compiled in the delivery challenge framework", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e a population below 500,000 (Arusha, Tanga and Mbeya). Results do not change\n\n> 4For Mwanza this is the sum of Nyamagana Municipal Council (363,452) and Ilemela Municipal Council (343,001). More detailed analysis using  >>> 2002 census data <<<  (Wenban-Smith and Ambroz, 2014) showed that while the municipal districts of Mwanza counted a population of 596,885, only 65% of these lived in strictly urban wards (others lived in rural or mixed wards). The current census does not yet disclose the new categorizations, but appl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2002 census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty in Africa has been as difficult as predicting the path of the pandemic, mainly due to data limitations. The advent of new data sources, including national accounts and  >>> phone survey data <<< , provides an opportunity for a thorough reassessment of the impact of the pandemic and the subsequent expansion of social protection systems on the evolution of poverty in Africa. This paper combines per capita gross domestic product growth from national accounts with data from ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "phone survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rn of IDPs or engagement with security or judicial actors in determining ISIL affiliation. The context after the Yathrib LPA seemed to improve and become more conducive of safe return.<sup>77</sup> 74 According to IOM\u2019s  >>> DTM Master List <<< , 1,500 IDPs returned within 2 months of the Tikrit LPA signature, and 63,360 IDPs returned within 6 months. No incidents of discrimination or conflict between IDPs and host communities was registered by the IOM Integrated Location Assessment 1 during this period.\n\n75 By the time", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DTM Master List", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " binary variable is regressed on indicators for each country, with Malawi as the base case, along with an indicator equal to 1 if the household head is female, as opposed to male. Data come from the most recent round of  >>> phone survey data <<<  available. This is round 3 in Ethiopia, round 2 in Malawi and Uganda, and round 1 in Nigeria. Robust standard errors are reported in parentheses (*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "phone survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "World Bank, and it show how both national and World Bank policies can be implemented within the project. It will recommend resolution methods for any contradictions that may be seen to be significant. \n\n- IV. CENSUS AND  >>> SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS <<< . This section will provide the results of ethnographic information, enumerations and socio-economic surveys carried out to establish the baseline data against which both impacts and the eventual adequacy of compensation, and recovery of incomes and, living standards, can be meas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "provided to stakeholders to provide input. Stakeholders can also make comments and suggestions through the project. \n\nStakeholder feedback will be collected, and the Environmental and Social safeguards team will analyze  >>> engagement data <<<  to identify stakeholder key issues, trends, suggestions and aspirations. During the Planning and implementation phases, a stakeholder engagement report will be produced at each consultation milestone and the report will include: (i) Number of various stakeholder consultations; (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "engagement data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "by a lengthy spell of default involving payment arrears, according to data from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Debtor Reporting System <<<  (DRS). Yet, the observed scope of arrears in this database is likely the tip of the iceberg because missed payments can go unreported, not just toward China but toward other lenders as well. It is a significant shortcoming in the literature that we lack a systematic, publicly av", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Debtor Reporting System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "markets. For that the paper uses the Romanian firm-level data from the Ministry of Finance covering enterprises of all sizes (hereafter referred to as MoF firm-level data) for the period 2011-2020, combined with the new  >>> World Bank Businesses of the State <<<  (BOS) database that\n\n> 5 According to the World Bank Businesses of the State database, SOEs with at least 10% state ownership accounted for  3.6% of the formal employment as of 2019 in Romania. Section 3, \u201cData Sources\u201d, of this paper describes the World Bank Businesses of the S", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Businesses of the State", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "valence of any difficulty at the individual level from the lowest to the highest. The prevalence of any difficulty ranges from a low of 4% in the Philippines to a high of 28% in Papua New Guinea. The median among the 24  >>> data sets <<<  stands at 10%. Functional difficulties tend to be more common in rural areas, affect older individuals more, as well as women more often than men (Appendix 6 and 7).<sup>4</sup> Figure 3.1: Prevalence of functional difficulties (%) <!-- Start of picture text --> Among Adults 15+", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(which leads firms to price to market). We calculate the implied exchange rate as the local price of the good in pesos relative to its price in US dollars abroad and measure the percentage misalignment.\n\nThe Economist\u2019s  >>> Big Mac index <<<  computes the exchange rate that would equalize prices of a Big Mac burger in MacDonald\u2019s across countries, while an adjusted index attempts to correct for country differences in labor costs and GDP per capita. The adjusted index suggests the overvaluation of the peso has fallen ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Big Mac index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mies of scale in household size\u2014a family of six needs three times as much as a family of two. This paper examines the sensitivity of global estimates of extreme poverty to changing this assumption. The analysis rests on  >>> nationally representative household surveys <<<  from 162 countries covering 98 percent of the population estimated to be in extreme poverty in 2017. The paper compares current-method estimates with a constant-elasticity scale adjustment that divides total household consumption or income not by household size but by the square", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationally representative household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "internet, and (iii) to perform a rich analysis of heterogeneities, as  >>> national household surveys <<<  have data on income, wages and other variables. The analysis based on national household surveys allows a more granular measure of the potential impact of the shock while also capturing asymmetries within countries.\n\n# **4.1. Methodology and data**\n\nSchool closures implied a sev", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "14** \n\nin an apartment or house made of concrete. Having piped water or a proper latrine are also often found to be good predictors of increased welfare and reduced poverty. These are important findings because the four  >>> data sets <<<  considered are very heterogeneous in terms of samples, questionnaires, data collection methods, and degree of representation of the underlying population of refugees. Such findings provide the UNHCR with a solid baseline to target the refugee population based on a rather restric", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ften practised in concert with Christianity and Islam. Several people have _amasabo_ (roughly translated as shrines) on their properties where they can pay respect to their ancestors and commune with spirits. \n\nFrom the  >>> social surveys <<<  that were undertaken as part of the IP RAP, 46 percent of the people affected by the proposed transmission line depend on agriculture as their primary source of income, with the majority of the remaining people deriving some income from farming. The majority of the affected hous", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "social surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ention to sit apart from non-Dalits. As many as 40 percent of schools practice untouchability while serving mid-day meals, making Dalit children sit in a separate row while eating.\u201d (Shah et al., 2006, p.168, based on a  >>> 2001-02 national survey <<< ) Participants in our experiment were 288 junior high school boys drawn from the top of the caste hierarchy (the \u201cGeneral Castes\u201d, hereafter \u201chigh castes\u201d), and 294 junior high school boys drawn from the bottom of the caste hierarchy (the Dalits, hereafter \u201clow castes\u201d).", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001-02 national survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nnually over the period 1975-99.<sup>24</sup> In total, we use\n\n> 24 The data are available at <u>http://utip.gov.utexas.edu/. More recently, the database has expanded to the</u> years prior to 1975. As of January 2004,  >>> UTIP data base <<<  has almost 3200 country/year Theils, and covers more than 150 countries.\n\n26", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UTIP data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss different socioeconomic groups and regions, as well as changes in living conditions and the impediments to increasing prosperity \u2013 as perceived by households.\n\n## **3.1 Income portfolios**\n\nAs calculated based on the  >>> VHLSS data <<< , the following income categories are of importance in rural Vietnam:\n\n- 1) _crop_ income: the output value minus production costs including rice, other staple crops, industrial crops<sup>12</sup> , fruit trees and crop by\u2010products;<sup>13</sup>\n\n- 2) _livestock_ income: the valu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VHLSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "work),<sup>40</sup> and 23 persons moved from informal sectors (8 from informal wage jobs and 15 from selfemployment). These figures may understate the number of individuals who moved from informal sector work since the  >>> VHLSS data <<<  exclude some substantial number of migrants.<sup>41</sup> Panel A in Table 8 reports the differences in log hourly wages<sup>42</sup> for 1,754 panel individuals who had wage information in both years by the ownership category in 2002 and by that in 2004. Overall, Vietnamese wag", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VHLSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0.2|11.4|\n|Other|37,395.41|72,969.55|120,809.51|217,495.00|15.1|13.5|14.9|16.2|\n|_Aggregate_|_247,551.99_|_542,005.85_|_813,043.69_|_1,345,531.00_|_100.0_|_100.0_|_100.0_|_100.0_|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> data from DOSM <<<  It is evident from Table 3 as well as Figure 2 that in the three decades from 1978 to 2018 the structure of Malaysia\u2019s economy changed dramatically. During this time period, the country was transformed from an economy still largely based on agriculture to a services-driven econo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from DOSM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "012|143,756|2,086|68|2,098|56|\n|2013|143,572|2,363|120|2,374|109|\n|2014|147,175|2.523|359|2.553|329|\n\n_Source_ : LFS 2009-2014. World Bank author\u2019s calculations.\n\nThe rate of increase in the recent migrant population of  >>> labor force surveys <<<  between 2011 and 2013 is parallel to observed trends in the government and UNHCR data regarding the SUTPs (Figure 2 in the annex). At the level, the LFS is not comparable to the government and UNHCR data since the sampling structure was not planned to represent the entire SUTP p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "labor force surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "other factors that create variation in IPV prevalence rates in different locations in Nigeria. Our paper examines whether the conclusion that conflict has led to increased IPV can be supported by further analysis of the  >>> DHS data <<<  and we set out below some background to the conflict and identify the locations where communities were most impacted.\n\nBoko Haram (BH) carried out its first known terrorist activity in the Northeastern state of Borno, Nigeria in 2009.<sup>4</sup> BH\u2019s activities were initially f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "China**\n\nDuring the 1990s, China\u2019s labor market experienced dramatic growth in the volume of rural migrants moving to urban areas for employment. Estimates using a one percent sample from the 1990 and 2000 rounds of the  >>> Population Census <<<  and the 1995 one percent population survey showed that the inter-county migrant population grew from just over 20 million in 1990 to 45 million in 1995 and 79 million by 2000 (Liang and Ma, 2004). Surveys conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics and the Ministry of Agricul", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Population Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "labor, and business-government relations. It also collects basic information on the firm, including age, size, and geographic coordinates.\n\nNotably, the most recent  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<<  included a new Green Economy module. This unique module gathered information on key aspects of firm behavior related to the environment and climate change, including green management practices and green investments. In most economies, the response rate for the Green Economy modu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss to maternity services. Village communities are particularly affected because the health facilities are located at sub county headquarters (some villages are several kilometers from the sub county health centers \n\nThe  >>> household survey <<<  conducted on the other hand revealed that 86% of the sampled households live in a distance of less than 5km from the nearest health facility in this case a sub-county health center III. Like it is in other centres, the respondents said the services offered at these centres are p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>of new cable has been award|een rehabilitated and is no<br>ed and the contractor has|w in use. The contract for<br>commenced works.|\n\n\n\n# **Performance-Based Conditions** \n\n# ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<< ** \n\n|**Disbursem**|**ents (by loan)**|||||||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Project|Loan/Credit/TF|Status|Currency|Original|Revised|Cancelled|Disbursed|Undisbursed|% Disbursed|\n|P148853|IDA-56380|Effective|USD|500.00|500.00|0.00|283.75|224.81|56%|\n|**Key Dates**|**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "out to the extent it was envisaged at the design stage. For instance, data on all students could not be collected on the PDI 3 or IRI 7. \n\n52. Overall, the data collected was analyzed in a methodologically sound manner.  >>> Inspections\u2019 data collected by DES <<<  was particularly useful in providing up-to-date information on the extent the schools were implementing the SOPs and psycho-social support training prior to school re-opening.  The reports provided details on performance by region and district, thus allowing for further follow-u", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Inspections\u2019 data collected by DES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|documents|\n|GrandTotal|||||||\n|<br>Grado|**105,466,766**<br>ta**15,4**|**6,661**|**05,4**|**105,112,766.**<br>**6,6**|||\n\n\n\n**ANNEX 4 - SUMMARY OF FIXED ASSETS REGISTER** \n\nThe fixed asset summary is extracted from the  >>> asset registers <<<  maintained **by** the Project \n\n**26**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "asset registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "closely linked to the existing literature on disasters through its reliance on _microsimulations_ . These are computational exercises that use disaggregated data on assets and earnings from previous household surveys or  >>> population and housing censuses <<<  to assess how each household in the sample may be affected by specific disasters.\n\nIn this spirit, Rozenberg and Hallegate (2016) harmonized representative household surveys for 89 emerging and developing countries, and estimated that \u201caltogether earthquakes, storm surges, tsuna", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population and housing censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " violation went unnoticed (Box 4). Overall, compliance with environmental requirements was generally weak. The  >>> end user survey <<<  found that environmental review forms were not complete for any of the sub-projects examined. \n\n8.5 Based on the shortcomings noted above, including the safeguard violation (Box 4) Bank supervision is rated _moderately unsatisfactory_ .  Based on both moderately unsatisfactory q", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "end user survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " sexual violence. Of the sample of women who reported suffering some form of violence in the last twelve months, 65.81 (9.96) percent reported physical (sexual) violence only.\n\n> 20 The ILO estimates are based on either  >>> household labour force surveys <<<  or population census data, with the restriction that they must be representative of the whole country, with no geographic limitation. More information on the construction of the estimates is given in Bourmpoula et al. (2015). These rates are positively correlated to within-surve", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household labour force surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pares to 5.8 million workers in the contemporaneous Economic Census, of whom 2.6 million were within formal firms. In the ELMPS 2018, there were 3.0 million workers, of whom 1.9 million would be within formal firms. The  >>> Establishment Census <<<  generates a much larger number of workers, 9.2 million, of whom 4.5 million were within formal firms.\n\n# **4.2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Establishment Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ce. \n\nDespite these initiatives, protection challenges in Ethiopia are generally pronounced and gender-based violence (GBV) presents a significant barrier to women\u2019s full engagement in social and economic life **.** The  >>> 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey <<<  indicates that 26 percent of all women aged 15 to 49 reported having experienced physical or sexual violence in their lifetime, with 23 percent reporting physical violence and ten percent experiencing sexual violence.<sup>3</sup> These data, however, likely", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e December 2015 Hotspot classifications, 24 Woredas in Somali region are priority 1 hotspot Woredas while the other 45 Woredas are classified priority 2. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM)\u2019s  >>> Monthly Internal Displacement Updates <<<  (MIDU) and quarterly Internal Displacement Monitoring Reports (IDMR), a total of 147,714 individuals or 24,619 households have been displaced due to El Ni\u00f1o phenomenon between September 2015 and February 2016. Of which 77,448 individuals were displaced  due to  drought, 53,028 i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Monthly Internal Displacement Updates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "atory environment, including on setting up adequate institutional structures to implement reform agendas. These organizations can provide funding, technical advice, or training to the reform committee.\n\nAccording to the  >>> data on reform committees <<< , as expected, these international organizations have supported the creation of these reform committees mostly in low and lower middle-income setups. None of the reform committees in high-income economies have engaged international organizations in their development. The data see", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on reform committees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " \u03b8>1, to incorporate possible nonlinear interaction effects between the growth elasticity of poverty and initial inequality. 3 A similar point is made by Bourguignon (2004), who presents a simulation model calibrated on  >>> Mexican data <<< . When no change takes place in the distribution of income, the model shows that a per capita growth rate of 3 percent per year over a 10-year period lowers the poverty rate by about 7 percentage points. When the same growth rate is accompanied by declining inequality (a reductio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Mexican data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "health outcomes and characteristics of the 75 Districts included in the survey. Health outcomes are from the District League Tables produced by the Ministry of Health. The remaining district characteristics are from the  >>> 2010 Census <<<  and the Uganda Electoral Comission - details on the variables are provided in the Annex.\n\n45", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2010 Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mark> \n\n<mark>The 2024 Afghanistan Humanitarian Needs Response Plan quotes \u201cover half of Afghans are distressed, and one in five individuals is suffering from severe forms of mental health problems.\u201d Data collected from  >>> Community-Based Protection Monitoring <<<  (CBPM) reveals that 27 per cent of respondents have noticed negative changes in their family members' behaviors. Additionally, 45 per cent of respondents note experiencing stress, affecting their sleep and daily activities. In addition, over 50 per cent of refugee returnees have", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Community-Based Protection Monitoring", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ributions (JD-HV2, JD-HV3, and LB-VASyR) there is no absolute dominance along the entire distribution. For lower parts of the distribution, JD-HV2 data show the lowest welfare, while for upper parts of the distributions  >>> JD-HV3 data <<<  show the lowest welfare. Moreover, the CDF curves cross several times, indicating that the ranking changes at each crossing point. We also found that the ranking across data sets shown by the poverty gap is not necessarily the same as the one shown by the poverty rate. This mean", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV3 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_Welfare and Poverty_ \n\n**59** \n\n**Table 2.1 T-Tests for Selected Variables in PG and  >>> JD-HV2 Data <<< ** \n\n|_Variable_|_PG mean_|_JD-HV2 mean_|_t-stat_|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Amman|35.0|32.5|15.4|\n|Irbid|26.8|28.4|10.7|\n|Mafraq|13.8|13.3|4.7|\n|Zarqa|11.3|11.8|4.3|\n|Other destination|13.1|14.0|8.0|\n|Damascus|11.9|11.4|4.8|\n|Dar\u2019a or As-sweida|39.9|38.6|7.9|\n|Hama or Homs|23.4|25.4|13", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "March 2010 \n\nAdditional Financing for Energy Access Project, ESMF \n\nElevation variation in the area ranges from 1,786 m.a.s.l. near Lake Tana shore to 1886 m.a.s.l. \n\n### **Temperature** \n\nThe  >>> monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature  records <<<  of Bahir Dar in the year between 1961 and 2000 indicates that the highest mean monthly maximum temperature occurs in the month of April (29.7<sup>0</sup> c) and the lowest is in the month of July and August (23.3<sup>0</sup> c). While the mean monthly minimum temperature ranges ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "monthly mean maximum and minimum temperature  records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er to obtain a perceived better quality of services. Still, in some cases, they just got better infrastructures\n\n> 7 DR Central Bank. National Accounts 2005, \u201cSupply-use matrix\u201d. Thousands RD$\n\n> 8 Calculations based in  >>> ENCOVI survey <<< , 2004.\n\n[12]", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENCOVI survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " discrete-time survival analysis model of 595 Cambodian garment factories by Jetha and Linsen (2015) found that increased compliance with social protection standards is associated with reduced odds of factory closure. A  >>> survey of management and laborers <<<  in the Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic\u2019s garment sector finds that failure to increase worker well-being has led to dissatisfaction, high labor turnover, low productivity, and impaired firms\u2019 opportunities to strengthen participation in garment GVCs (World Bank 2012).\n\n# **_Env", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of management and laborers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "databases such as Afrobarometer, Arab Barometer, Asian Barometer, and Latinobar\u00f3metro; and global databases such as the <mark>Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), V</mark> arieties of Democracy (V-DEM),  >>> World Development Indicators <<< , Worldwide Governance Indicators, World Justice Project, and World Values Survey. Using those sources, we identified 71 variables that maximize the number of countries included in the database, as detailed below. The database contains 230 countries and 5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ondon. \n\n> 9 Tourism is cited as being the highest employment generation sector in the world, with an estimated one in twelve employed in tourism and tourism jobs providing over 10% of total employee wages and salaries ( >>> UNCTAD Employment Report 2003 <<< , Direct and Indirect Employment). Other studies suggest that tourism also employs a significant percentage of the informal economy, which for many communities is a significant social safety net. \n\n14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNCTAD Employment Report 2003", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntain cadasters, despite how essential these are for urban planning and development (Erba and Piumetto, 2016). Recently, Esch et al. (2022), Li et al. (2022), Pesaresi and Politis (2022) and Zhou et al. (2022) generated  >>> global 3D data of the built environment <<<  that provides insights into the worldwide patterns of built-up heights and volumes. However, despite this recent progress, there is still a lack of sufficient data and knowledge at the global scale related to three issues.\n\nFirstly, existing 3D studies still only reflect the mor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global 3D data of the built environment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion strategy.\n\n# **3. RESULTS: THE DISTRIBUTIONAL IMPACT OF INFLATION**\n\nDescriptive statistics show significant heterogeneity in consumption baskets of Pakistani households across income groups. Data compiled from the  >>> HIES <<<  (2018-19) for the 12 COICOP categories reveals that households from the bottom of the income distribution spend more than two-thirds of their budget on food, housing, and utilities (Table 1). More specifically, households in the first decile allocate around half of their budget ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HIES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Nations), the mode is around 45-50 m for Africa, 50-55 m for Asia, 40-45 m for Europe, 15 m for North America, 45 m in Oceania and 45 m in South America. Therefore, we are confident that we can use information from the  >>> Emporis database <<<  to update WSF3Dv1 and create WSF3Dv2.\n\n# **C Methods**\n\n**C1. Classifying countries into 4 groups: heights vs. areas, high-rises vs. low-rises** First of all, we \u201cresidualize\u201d the log of the outward based volume per capita (i.e., built-up area x 2.5 meters) with respect to log p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Emporis database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ican net enrollment rates were only 58 percent. In Burkina Faso, the focus of this paper, the net enrollment rate was 35 percent in 2000 and improved to 55 percent by 2007 (UN Statistics Division). Based on this paper\u201fs  >>> data from Burkina Faso <<< , only 24 percent of households with multiple primary school aged children enroll all of their children.\n\n> 2 Based on the UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey End of Decade Assessment, almost three-fourths of all rural primary school-aged children in developing countries wer", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from Burkina Faso", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sure, and whether the efficiency focus of finance training is more valuable for larger, more established firms. Business exposure and establishment are composite variables that were constructed based on questions in the  >>> baseline survey <<< . The full set of these questions and their summary statistics are reported in Table 1 and discussed in Section 4.1.\n\nTable 11 presents the regression results. Columns (1) and (2) present heterogeneous treatment effects based on business establishment, and Columns (3) and (4) pre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".005|.012|.018|\n|**Observations**|5,734|5,734|5,734|5,734|5,734|\n\n**Notes:** *** denotes significance at 1%, ** at 5%, and * at 10%. Data is all from the baseline survey, except PPI scores which were compiled during the  >>> village census <<<  prior to collection of the baseline survey. All regressions include dummies for each randomization strata (district) and errors are clustered at the unit of randomization (village). Individual controls include: age, enrolment at baseline, employment, PPI score, marital status, h", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "village census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ealing with the endogeneity between urban form and productivity: First, using lagged explanatory variables as in Fallah et al (2010); and second, using instrumental variables as in Harari (2015).\n\nUsing information from  >>> 919 urban extents in Latin America <<< , the results show that the shape of the urban extent, the inner-city connectedness, the level of urbanization and the population level have a statistically significant influence over the productivity level of the city. We also found evidence of the presence of a congestion effec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "919 urban extents in Latin America", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " income levels have more systems to address recourse?<br>24<br>21<br>19<br>29<br>57<br>27<br>30<br>11<br>5<br>Low income Middle income High income<br>Financial ombudsman General ombudsman<br>Mediation service<br>Source:  >>> Financial Access Database <<< <br>100<br>80<br>60<br>40<br>% of countries<br>20<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Figure 10 - How many complaints per thousand adults do countries receive?<br>Gambia 0.11<br>Botswana 0.11<br>Belgium 0.11<br>Norway 0.13<br>Kuwait 0.14<br>Malaysi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Financial Access Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "v_countries]). Many chose to use this time to undertake significant expansions of public service provision, such as educational enrollment, as well as increased infrastructure investment. For example, according to IMF\u2019s  >>> Investment and Capital Stock Dataset <<< , public investment in physical assets, including economic infrastructure \u2013 like roads, and airports \u2013 and social infrastructure \u2013 such as hospitals and schools \u2013 rose from roughly an average of US$200 per capita during the pre-boom period (1998-2003), to an average of over US$43", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Investment and Capital Stock Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Identifying common variables between the surveys and the  >>> census <<<  The Small Area Estimation (SAE) process entails constructing a statistical model for predicting the outcomes, which in this case are per capita consumption when estimating monetary poverty and height for age Z scores when estimating stunting. Ultimately, this model, which is tra", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " at addressing these risks and inducing confidence and interest among private actors \n\n> 49 Production from artisanal marine fisheries was constant at about 9,000 metric tons, annually; in 2014, SDFA&BE introduced a new  >>> catch data <<<  collection methodology, which showed that catch data had been underreported. As a result, production from artisanal marine fisheries was recorded at about 23,000 metric tons, 22,000 metric tons, and 24,000 metric tons, in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively. \n\n> 50 Kwale county c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "catch data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "23%)<br>|(0.18%)<br>|(0.12%)<br>|(0.27%)<br>|\n\n~~Notes: Estimates of variance components using the method described in the text (Equations 9-11) on  >>> PWT9~~ data <<<  (excluding outliers). Established Democracies are defined as countries with an average polity score>7.5 (Autocracies/Transition Countries otherwise) *SD(iid) is the across-sample SD of the iid error, though in the estimation of leader effects, we allow this to vary across countr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PWT9~~ data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt-Executed Trust Fund amount further prompted a third and final restructing to extend the closing date by two months. However, the extension enabled completion of all outstanding activities, including analysis of vital  >>> PIBS2 <<<  and impact evaluation data. The Project\u2019s M&E rating was thereby upgraded to Satisfactory in the final (December 2018) ISR (from previous ratings of Moderately Satisfactory). The final extension therefore had no adverse impact on the Project\u2019s efficiency. \n\n##", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIBS2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the three sub-sectors. The growth rate of the informal sector during the late 1960s was probably equal to that of the other two sub-sectors combined. This conclusion is deduced from the figures provided in Table 7 where  >>> population figures <<<  are confronted with housing statistics as far as they are available. The formal private sector in fact provided only about 10% of the total need in the last year recorded (1972). \n\n14. The reason for the sudden increase in the activities of the informal private sector was not on", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ehold that had been randomly selected; we were then able to match this sample household with their EEU customer billing record. In the case of water, the customer ID number helped us identify the sample household in the  >>> AAWSA customer billing records <<< . We were able to match 99% of the completed interviews to the electricity utility records.<sup>17</sup> Yet we could match only 70% of our observations of water private connections to the water utility database; as mentioned in note 3, for the remaining 30% we relied on self-rep", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "AAWSA customer billing records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "etric compared to inputoutput measures is that the labor metric builds upon worker flows in the United States which may differ substantially from India. The input-output metrics, by contrast, directly build upon India\u2018s  >>> input-output tables <<< .\n\n24", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "input-output tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The population is extracted from the WorldPop 2020 global raster layer (Tatem, 2017; WorldPop, 2019), the cell phone penetration is treated as the  >>> GSMA unique number of mobile subscribers <<<  (GSMA, 2020), and the smartphone adoption rate is taken from the Research ICT Africa After Access Survey (Research ICT Africa, 2018). Metrics representing the future number of unique individuals with cell phone subscriptions and smartphones are used to ensure that demand represe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GSMA unique number of mobile subscribers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e questionnaire in either Hindi or Marathi, a local language spoken in Maharashtra, and write down answers on behalf of them. The locations of surveyed households are recoded in longitude and latitude by referencing the  >>> geographic information system <<<  (GIS) maps in MASHAL (2011) and Google Earth satellite images. In addition, I retrieve slum-level information from MASHAL (2011) and combine this with the survey data.\n\nTable 1 reports summary statistics for housing, household, and slum and locational characteristics.<sup>7</sup", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "geographic information system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sidy from the Ministry of Transport for commercial accommodation providers (hotels, hostels, private dormitories, etc.), which allowed for the possibility of additional charges to refugees.<sup>17</sup> According to the  >>> official data <<< , more than 46,000 refugees benefited from these subsidies in December 2023.<sup>18</sup> Moreover, the Government of Slovakia provided various asylum facilities and the largest collective accommodation center in Gab\u010d\u00edkovo, managed by the Migration Office of the Ministry of Inter", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "official data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hihab|13.6|0.1|13.7|75.7|62.6|75.6|\n|Nasib (official or unofficial)|14.6|24.0|38.6|75.9|66.0|69.8|\n|Other or no data|17.6|7.7|25.3|77.2|53.0|70.0|\n|Total|57.6|42.4|100.0|76.6|59.0|69.3|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "esult of failing to control for external factors, the methodology establishing the 'counterfactual' for comparison will incorporate best practices and state of the art methods and data for modeling index values based on  >>> remote-sensed data <<< . To avail of improvements in methods or data, the underlying methods and benchmark statistical model may be <u>updated during the course of the project as appropriate.</u> \n\n# Improve carbon storage \n\n|IN01315264<br>\u25baNet greenhouse ga|s emissions (tCO2eq/year) (Tons/year, Custom", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "remote-sensed data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ative bias. All estimates are slightly biased downward. This is because they are estimated using 2016 data, which is also used for the benchmarking procedure, and then compared against 2015 estimates generated using the  >>> 2014 sample data <<< . Therefore, it is not surprising that estimates based on 2016 would be systematically below the benchmark estimates, reflecting the overall trend of poverty decline. Nonetheless, the results confirm that the household-level model generates less biased results than the sub-area a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 sample data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_<sup>2</sup> . We predict the expected \u02c6 earnings of a Mexican migrant, which we denote _wMX_<sup>_US_, using the estimated coefficients (</sup><sup>_\u03b2US_)</sup> and her characteristics ( _Xj_<sup>_MX_</sup> ) from the  >>> ENOE data <<< . When predicting migrant wages in the\n\n> 3We use a Mexico PPP rate for 2018 of 7.17 based on Argente et al. (2023).\n\n9", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENOE data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "itigate the shocks cause by an influx of refugees and create social and economic development opportunities; (b) facilitate sustainable solutions to protracted refugee situations; (c) with the Program\u2019s focus on LG \n\n> 6  >>> Data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees <<<  (UNHCR) show that as of December 17, 2017, the districts of Arua, Yumbe, Moyo, Adjumani, and Lamwo host a total of 971,572 refugees in addition to a host population of 1,832,831 nationals. \n\n7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "* iseases. There have been a number of cholera epidemics in the last several years, particularly in fishing communities which follow the fish migrations and lack any excreta disposal facilities. The Ministry of Health's  >>> 1977 annual statistics <<< , based on attendance in medical units, show some 265,000 cases of water-borne diseases which resulted in 200 deaths. Improved water supply and sanitation, combined with an education in hygiene, would substantially reduce this number.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1977 annual statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the latter, dis-aggregated by duration of stay in the destination district, sex, age, education and the reason for migration (but not by urban/rural parts of source/destination). We obtained these custom tables for the  >>> 2001 and 2011 Census <<< . The dis-aggregation by the duration of stay in the destination district distinguishes between individuals who migrated at most five years ago and those who migrated six years ago or earlier. We supplemented these data with census data on district population, also dis-aggregated", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001 and 2011 Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he was between ages 7 and 15 during the 1992-1998, and therefore was eligible to be enrolled in a publicly funded school. The study of educational outcomes in 2007 is a follow-up on Shemyakina (2011) who found using the  >>> 1999 and 2003 data <<<  that in the short- and medium runs, young girls from the households and regions more affected by the conflict, were less likely to be enrolled in school or less likely to complete nine grades (equivalent to basic education level) of schooling by 2003 as a cohort. This analysis e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "1999 and 2003 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ificant progress has been made in increasing transparency and accountability.  Service delivery institutions are subject to periodic technical and financial audits, the results of which are published on their websites.   >>> Customer and employee satisfaction surveys <<<  are periodically carried out, and their results made available to the public.  These show increasing levels of satisfaction with services. \n\nThe Government of Kenya\u2019s (GOK) National Water Policy (1999) envisages 100% access to safe water for the country\u2019s population by 2010. The", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Customer and employee satisfaction surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ry port of the country.\u201d(p.35) High foreign participation is also notable in Santander where 50% of the most notable entrepreneurs were foreigners, roughly 8 times their representation in the population.\n\nIn Mexico, the  >>> industrial census <<<  shows that 50% of businesses were owned by immigrants or 26 times their share of the male population. As Annex 1 shows, the share of investment and production by foreigners is even greater, especially in mining, suggesting that our census data may be understating foreign influen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "industrial census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## <u>Inputs:</u>\n\n1.  >>> Household Survey <<<  with consumption or income welfare aggregates\n\n2. Project data/Other survey data without welfare aggregates 3. Set of harmonized common variables in both surveys\n\n## <u>Outputs:</u>\n\n1. Set of imputed welfare variables for project data/other survey for each household in the data", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n Survey (NARSS) reported 77% toilet penetration across India.\n\n2 Estimates of regular toilet use in rural India vary. The NARSS 2017\u201018 found that 93.4% of people who had access to toilets used them regularly. A recent  >>> survey of rural north Indian states <<<  (Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and UP), completed in late 2018, found that the rate of open defecation among people who owned a latrine was at 23% (the same as four years prior), and that the overall open defecation rate among rural people across these states was 44% (Gupta ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of rural north Indian states", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 10236\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper investigates the effects of pollution on labor productivity in Chile.  >>> Data on fine particulate matter pollution in Chile <<<  were collected and matched to sectoral labor productivity at the city level. The endogeneity between labor productivity and pollution is controlled for by instrumenting on the presence of coal and diesel power plants. The paper finds that pollution reduces labor productivity. A ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data on fine particulate matter pollution in Chile", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tandard deviations (for comparisons across arms), for a power level of 80% and significance level of 5% and using baseline data for the intra-cluster correlation (ICC) parameter. Power was recalculated ex-post using the  >>> follow-up control group data <<<  to compute the mean, standard deviation and intra-cluster correlations for key outcomes. The minimum detectable effects remain between 0.15 and 0.22 standard deviations for the main outcomes. This means that the study is powered to detect a 20% impact (+5,300 CFA) on profits in ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "follow-up control group data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tic specification confirm the overall negative relationship between recall length and plots listed (Table A.4). The BIC\u2019 goodness-of-fit comparison suggests that the linear model is preferred in Tanzania NPS 2012/13 and  >>> Malawi IHS4 data <<<  and that the quadratic model provides", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Malawi IHS4 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " democracy (Simanihuruk and Sihombing, 2019; World Bank, 2023). Appendix Table A.8 shows that nepotistic hiring practices in the village bureaucracy correlate negatively with the quality of service provision measured in  >>> administrative _Podes_ data <<<  (column 1) as well as perceptions of service access and quality in our surveys conducted with citizens (columns 2\u20133).\n\nIn Table 4, we examine the likelihood that relatives of the village head are employed in the village government, as reported by the village heads themselves. At", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative _Podes_ data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "/sup> _The Principal Secretary_ for State Department<sup>forIndustry,andthe</sup><sup>_Project Coordinator for_</sup> _Kenya Industry and Entrepreneurship Project_<sup>_(KIEP)_further confirm thecompletenessof</sup> the  >>> accounting records <<<  maintained for the<sup>Project,whichhavebeenrelieduponinthe</sup> preparation of the Project financial statements<sup>aswellast", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|2.2.4|**Conduct a study on the effects of Covid-19**||\n|2.2.4.1<br>|Conduct a rapid assessment on the effects<br>of Covid-19 on Basic and Secondary<br>Education in all 135 Local Governments.<br>|\uf06c **Completed.**<br>\uf06c A  >>> field based national assessment <<<  was<br>conducted by UNEB in March 2021 in a sample<br>of 700 schools (500 primary and 200<br>secondary) selected from 100 districts. Some<br>of the key findings are as follows:<br>\uf06c _P.6 Pupils proficient in Literacy reduced by 4.7_<br>_points from 31.8% in 2018 to 27.1% in 202.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "field based national assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|-6.5<br>4.4<br>|-5.6<br>2.6<br>|-11.2<br>2.7<br>|-9.8<br>2.2<br>|-10.4<br>2.2<br>|\n|Externaldebt/GDP**|151.0|79.9<br>|78.5<br>|82.4<br>|85.3<br>|88.3<br>|\n|Debtservice ratio***|36.8|84.1|57.7|63.3|52.2|23.2|\n\n\n\nSource:  >>> WB database <<< , lMF-Intemational Financial Statistics. * Including grants; ** Before 1999/00, post debt relief; thereafter, pre-debt<sup>relief;*'*In percent of exports</sup> of goods and non-factor services; before debt relief CAD = Current Account Deficit. \n\n7 See IDA/R2001-0022. \n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WB database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istricts of the Project area are described below. \n\n###### **6.5.5.1 LIRA DISTRICT** \n\nAs per housing and population census 2014, female population of Lira constitutes 51.5 % of the total District population. During the  >>> household survey <<<  , it was established that women roles are domestic related as they participate more in activities such harvesting, planting, water and firewood collection while men take charge of building houses paying school dues and footing medical bills among others.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss to electricity in Niger is not only among the lowest in Sub-Saharan Africa but also illustrates significant disparities between urban and rural areas and between regions.** The Multi-Tier Framework (MTF)<sup>14</sup>  >>> survey data <<<  show that 19.5 percent of Niger households have access to electricity through either the national grid or off-grid sources, while the remaining 80.5 percent have no access to electricity. Four out of five households with access to a source of electricity are connected to the nat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ": In addition, we test the hypotheses mentioned above concerning rural-urban wage differentials, urban bias, rural \"push\" factors, civil disturbances and wars, and civil and political rights. Our data is organized as an  >>> unbalanced panel data set <<< , with observations every five years from 1965 to 1995, for up to 100 developed and developing countries.<sup>9</sup> Regression 1 in Table 2 shows that income per capita, the share of GDP derived from agriculture and manufacturing, and a time trend (\"year\") explain 80% of cross ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "unbalanced panel data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">0.0 0.00<br>EAP ECA LAC MNA SAR SSA<br><!-- End of picture text --> Sources:  >>> Penn World Tables <<< , World Bank.\n\nNote: AEs = advanced economies; EAP = East Asia and Pacific, ECA = Europe and Central Asia, EMDE = emerging market and developing economy, LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean, MNA = Middle East and North Africa, SAR = South Asia, SSA = Sub-Saharan Africa, TFP = t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Penn World Tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "zes whether a time lag between intentions and actions explains why the impacts of entrepreneurship education on employment outcomes is rarely documented. Based on short-term and medium-term follow-up surveys, as well as  >>> data on employment history <<<  and individuals\u2019 attempts to set up projects going back to graduation, the study provides rare information on the time-paths of potential impacts of entrepreneurship education on self-employment and labor market outcomes.\n\nThe results show that small program impacts on self-empl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on employment history", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**PROTECTION BRIEF III SLOVAKIA** \n\n**July 2023 \u2013 March 2024** \n\n\n\n >>> mapping of support services available in Slovakia <<< , received over 179,000 visits during the covered period. UNHCR also responded to over 200 queries through its Protection email, counselled over 200 refugees in person through its weekly in-person Protection counselling, and consulted over 170 refugees through focus group discuss", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "mapping of support services available in Slovakia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>.- -  2 60<br>B<br>0 5 0<br>40<br>2  30<br>20<br>;  c  F<br>8  10<br>0<br>92/93  96/97  99/00  02/03  05/06<br>--t  Central  -+- f i s t  North  4.-  West<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**_Source:_** UBOS, various  >>> Uganda National Household Survey reports <<< . \n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda National Household Survey reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " are assessed. Finally, it investigates whether flood risk affects infrastructure disruptions at the level of an individual firm. To address these questions, flood maps, employment density maps, infrastructure maps, and  >>> geocoded firm-level micro data <<<  is used for the 13 cities of Abidjan, Accra, Addis Ababa, Bamako, Cotonou, Douala, Dar es Salaam, Freetown, Kampala, Kigali, Monrovia, Nairobi, and Zanzibar.\n\nThe analysis finds that a significant fraction of economic activity is exposed to flood risk \u2013 though the level exposure", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "geocoded firm-level micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0.23|-0.21|-0.07|\n|Upper-bound|-1.17|-0.90|-0.80|-0.71|-0.63|-0.58|-0.48|-0.43|-0.41|-0.27|\n|Lower-bound|-0.77|-0.50|-0.40|-0.31|-0.23|-0.18|-0.08|-0.03|-0.01|0.00|\n\n_Source_ : Authors\u2019 estimation based on data from the  >>> IHS <<<  (2012-2016) and HIES (2017). _Notes:_ Deciles are created based on household per capita consumption, based on the ECAPOV harmonized aggregate by the World Bank. The upper- and lower-bound scenarios were simulated with 0.2 distance from the medium-bound estimation. The lower-boun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", they do so for safety and economic reasons. Afghan returnee households are large and although most families have at least one person working for pay, they have low job stability and low wages. According to  >>> survey data <<< , most returnees work as daily wage laborers in non\u2010agriculture and they generally experience a decrease in the employment rate, wage, and job stability after returning to Afghanistan. Data indicate that there were as many men as women among Afghans living in Pakistan in 2011 but", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "registration, protection monitoring and other exercises, and used to identify protection gaps and risks, along with trends that need to be addressed through UNHCR programmes and interventions. \n\nReporting indicates that  >>> age, gender and diversity disaggregated data <<<  are used to develop and inform programmes, resulting in more targeted and relevant interventions for displaced women, men, girls and boys. \n\n7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "age, gender and diversity disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e 3.\n\nMany of the variables collected reflect the wealth of the household. Lacking weights, such as prices, to meaningfully add up the various wealth components available in our data, we reduce the dimensionality of our  >>> wealth data <<<  by extracting the first principal component of a number of housing, utility and asset outcomes of sampled households.\n\nWe use the following variables for the principal component analysis: number of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "wealth data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". It is it calculated as: (1 +nominal interest rate/l+inflation rate)-lX100). Nominal interest rate is the annualized rate on three-month government paper and this data was obtained from the Central Bank, as well as the  >>> inflation data <<< . We control for market structure by including HHI in the equations. We also create another variable to test whether banks with large branch networks have market power. This variable is BRA ( branch share of each bank in total branches).\n\n# **V.** RESULTS\n\nAll three performance m", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "inflation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(1997) makes the valid criticism that the  >>> poverty statistics by gender <<<  reported in the 1995 World Bank report were based on assumptions of equal household size and other assumptions that bias poverty findings downward for female headed households. We recalculated the poverty statistics using their criteria and find that the relative differences in ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "poverty statistics by gender", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "corrected for clustering at the 3-digit industry level.<sup>_\u2217\u2217\u2217_</sup> ,<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup> , and<sup>_\u2217_</sup> indicate significance at the 1, 5 and 10 percent levels respectively.\n\nMoreover, previous works using the same  >>> firm-level dataset <<<  have emphasized the role of state-owned firms relative to private companies in India (Topalova, 2004; Alfaro and Chari, 2009). One could argue that state-owned companies might have a greater lobby power to induce the government to reduce tariff on those goods that they use as in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "entering. As of January 2017 in all collective sites in Wau town there are estimated to be 41,785 individuals.  Nearly 75% of the IDP population are in the POC area adjacent to UNMISS (population 29,021 individuals from  >>> December head count <<< , a 25-30% increase from July 2016). The POC site is overcrowded but an expansion is expected to be complete by the end of February 2017.  Since June 2016, the GOSS has had four high level visits to the POC site to encourage return.  The community emphasized improvement of safety", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "December head count", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or each food item, we assign caloric intake values to the quantities purchased, as reported in POF. The TBCA contains the caloric information for a myriad of items, but there are no common food item identifiers with the  >>> POF 2017/18 <<<  that would allow directly matching the information across the two data sources. Thus, we use the food item description in POF to look up corresponding items and calorie intake per kilogram (kg) in TBCA. Given the large amount of individual food items in POF (4,549) and the fact ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "POF 2017/18", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "i) interviews cover refugees and nationals over the same period and are\n\n> 2 Khamis et al. (2021) estimate that the work-stoppage rate in Kenya reached up to 62 percent compared to before the pandemic.\n\n> 3 Results from  >>> socioeconomic surveys <<<  carried out by UNCHR and the World Bank in Kalobeyei settlement in 2018 and in Kakuma camp in 2019 show that 65 percent of Kalobeyei refugees and 68 percent of Kakuma refugees are poor, while at least 7 in 10 of them are highly food insecure (UNHCR & World Bank, 2020; UNHCR & Wo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socioeconomic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Notes_ : The above figures shows trends in labour force participation and engagement in farm work (conditional on participating in labour force) over time, and disaggregated by gender.  >>> NSS survey <<<  rounds 55, 61, 66 and 68 correspond to the 1999-00, 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 years.\n\n36", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "those that do have utilized a limited number of SSA countries due to data inadmissibility. This paper attempts to fill this void by assembling data on 41 sub-Saharan African countries from multiple sources including the  >>> Groningen Growth and Development Center 10-sector Database <<< , the Maddison Project Database, the World Development Indicators, and the International Labor Organization\u2019s ILOSTAT database. Our data spans 1960-2016, which is the longest panel data on output and employment shares on Sub-Saharan African countries to our knowledge. If sub-Saha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Groningen Growth and Development Center 10-sector Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|.01|.06|.10|.16|.14|.07|.15|.10|.09|\n\nNote. All numbers come from the author's computation based on _A  >>> Survey of State Enterprises <<< : 1980-89._ share of output under the government's mandatory plan, 8which was reduced from 64% in 1984 to 57% in 1989 for the firms in our sample.\n\n3. More discretion for managers of state enterprises to determine employees' wages. Traditionally the government set an employee's w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey of State Enterprises", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "### **Annex 1:  >>> BRCiS Baseline Survey <<<  for Baidoa and Kismaayo** \n\n||**BRCiS BASELINE SURVEY**|||\n|---|---|---|---|\n||**IDPs**|**BAIDOA**|**KISMAYO**|\n|Gd HHH|Female|80%|62.5%|\n|ener|Male|20%|37.5%|\n|Average Age HH|Years|40.3|43.9|\n||Married|80%|62.5%|\n|Marital Status of HHH|Single|20%|0%|\n||Divorced/Separated|0%|37.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "BRCiS Baseline Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "at unmeasured investments in intangible organization capital associated with the role of ICT can explain the divergent productivity patterns of these two countries after 1995.\n\nSimilar arguments are used in papers using  >>> plant level data <<< , such as in Bartel et al (2005) and Bartel et al. (2009). These papers suggest that the reduction of ICT costs induces ICT investments, which eventually diminish the cost of setup time and raise production of customized products. As a result, firms require more skilled labor lea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "plant level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l also be essential on the Project MIS database. The database will be maintained, and updated regularly with information on the status of the complaints, and track timeline compliance for resolve Within 24\u201348 hours. The  >>> grievance records <<<  will be useful for analysis and depicting patterns and trends in complaints, disputes, and grievances over the Project span. While transparency should be maintained through quarterly grievance reports, confidentiality of information or anonymity of the complainant(s) will be con", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "grievance records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " firm-level de facto measure of regulatory burden on the firms, Time Tax. We complement this control for business regulations with another one which is the freedom from business regulations taken from Fraser Institute\u2019s  >>> Economic Freedom of the World database <<< . Note that higher values of the variable imply less regulation of businesses.\n\nLast, several studies have explored the relationship between corruption and inflation. <mark>Ak\u00e7a et al. (2012) provide a useful summary of the theoretical and empirical literature in the area.</mark>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Economic Freedom of the World database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">th</sup> out of 193 countries<sup>4</sup> on the  >>> United Nations Human Development Index <<<  in 2023. Chad\u2019s extreme poverty rate (US$2.15/day per capita, 2017 Purchasing Power Parity) was estimated at 35.4 percent in 2023, corresponding to 6.4 million people. There are several deep-rooted structural factors contributing to Chad\u2019s poor outcomes, including a high populat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "United Nations Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ons (Eldume, Ilngarua, Ngambo, Salabani, Kiserian and Mukutani) and the minority in two locations (Labaral and Marigat). Quite some of their settlements are in the Tugen Hill catchment area of the KAP-SLM project. \n\nThe  >>> 1989 Census <<<  indicates their total number to be around 16,000 (Minority Report 2005: 12), which is supported by scientific data (Little 1992; Heine and M\u00f6hlig 1980). It should nevertheless be noted, that the Ilchamus themselves estimate their number to be around 45,000 people.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1989 Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hown in purple in Figure 6). Upon closer inspection, small pockets of irregular settlements are detected directly adjacent to large warehouses and transit infrastructure.\n\nIn order to quantify these observed trends, the  >>> classified data layer <<<  was summarized by distance to the city center. Figure 6 shows how the coverage of residential (regular and irregular) and commercial/industrial land changes as one moves from the center to the periphery of the city. As expected, the first few kilometers of built\u2010up land around t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "classified data layer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h key evolutionary processes. Further, the standard provides that Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN) species potentially present in the area must be identified through a literature review (e.g., using IBAT).  >>> Field surveys <<<  should provide evidence to confirm their actual presence or absence. If these species are not detected during fieldwork, expert opinions and interviews with knowledgeable local stakeholders must be used to support their absence. \n\n###### **1.7.3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Field surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation affects firms\u2019 technology choice: a supply shock of input tariff reductions and a complementarity channel between imported variable intermediate goods and capital equipment. Such complementarity is observed in our  >>> micro-data of Indian firms <<<  used in the empirical analysis. We first show that only a subset of firms in our sample import capital goods and almost all of them also import intermediate inputs. This feature of the data suggests that importing capital goods is associated\n\n> 2Recent firm-level studies have co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "micro-data of Indian firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-- Start of picture text --> 2<br>HS<br>S 1<br>0<br>MS<br>-35 -25 -15 -5 5 15 25 35<br>-1<br>MUS<br>-2<br>US<br>-3<br>HUS<br>Project outcome ratings<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Change in government effectiveness ( >>> WGI data <<< ) 2000 to 2010**\n\nNote: project ratings are as follows: HUS = highly unsatisfactory, US = unsatisfactory, MUS = moderately unsatisfactory, MS = moderately satisfactory, S = satisfactory, HS = highly satisfactory. Changes in overall government effectiveness were calculated based o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WGI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*<br>**EQUIVALENT**||||0|\n||RAW DATA<br>SOURCES|||| >>> CSA CPI DATA <<< |\n||Comments||||Regarding to FIC analyzed on CSA -CPI<br>2018 data the existing wage rate can<br>purchase only 11.5 kg in average,<br>therefore no regions canpurchase 15kg|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CSA CPI DATA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "others 2009. Derived from  >>> AICD water and sanitation utilities database <<<  downloadable from http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/tools/data The performance of Ghana Water Company (GWC) has improved somewhat in recent years following institutional reforms and the contracting of a private operator. As of 2005, the utility was recovering only 48 perc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "AICD water and sanitation utilities database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll have a larger impact on test scores than anticipated inputs. We test this using data on educational spending for largely substitutable school inputs, such as books and writing materials in both Zambia and India.\n\nOur  >>> data from Zambia <<<  allow us to distinguish between two different types of school spending: a predictable and fixed rule-based school block grant and an unpredictable districtlevel source of funds that varied widely across schools. The cross-sectional variation in the _perstudent_ rule-based grant ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from Zambia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** Generating Livelihoods and Opportunities for Women (GLOW) Uganda (P176747) \n\n\n\ngrow large enough to employ others. The 2019  >>> Mastercard global index of women entrepreneurs <<<  found Uganda to be one of only seven countries that achieved gender parity in terms of the number of women driven to pursue entrepreneurial activities, referred to as the entrepreneurial activity rate. One in three (33.8 percent) of all businesses in Uganda are owned by women\u2014th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mastercard global index of women entrepreneurs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tor lies a mixed picture across sub-sectors, ranging from a rebound to well above precrisis output in some subsectors (e.g., education) to only a partial recovery in others (e.g., tourism). A Central Bank of Kenya (CBK)  >>> survey of hotels <<<  conducted in mid-November 2021 showed that all the sampled hotels were open, with employment in the sector increasing to about 78 percent from the low of 37 percent in May 2020, and average bed occupancy rising to over 50 percent from its low of 10 percent in May 2020 (though it", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of hotels", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and food consumption (at the household and individual level). For the estimation of the poverty line, we use data from the three expenditure questionnaires (POF 2-4), in addition to key demographic data collected in the  >>> general household questionnaire <<<  (POF 1). The expenditure questionnaires collect information on monetary consumption expenses as well as the value of nonmonetary consumption.<sup>6</sup> In addition, we need information on the caloric value of the food consumption expenditures incurred by households. This infor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "general household questionnaire", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e of the spatial story, we find it preferable than contaminating the analysis with clearly unreliable series.\n\nSecond, we also corrected populations figures for Chiapas and Oaxaca for years 1975, 1980, 1985, 1988 as the  >>> 1980 census <<< , when compared to other household census appears to have understated the state\u2019s population induced distortions in the GDP per capita.<sup>22</sup> .\n\nFinally we have merged the state of Mexico with Mexico DF (Federal District), the capital. The rationale for this aggregation st", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "1980 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "with fewer than five employees). The sample is representative by sector (20 sectors corresponding of aggregations of the 2-digit level of the CAE), firm size and age, as well as belonging (or not) to a conglomerate. The  >>> IPG survey <<<  includes questions seeking to evaluate management practices in three main areas: (1) Strategy, monitoring and information; (2) Human Resources; and (3) Management and social responsibility systems. We selected 18 variables that are closely related to those adopted in Bloom and R", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IPG survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in the case of the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 using individual-level data. To enable an identification of the genocide at the micro-level, two types of proxies for conflict exposure are constructed using three waves of  >>> RDHS data <<<  from before and after the genocide. With this estimation strategy, we identify the \u2018pure\u2019 effects of genocide on fertility over and above conflict-related effects like urbanization, destroyed infrastructure, and weaker health infrastructure \u2013 which in turn also affect fertility.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RDHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nges have largely melted, leading to increased volumes of water in the Semliki River. This has led to erosion; siltation and shifting of the course of the river, which all lead to habitat disturbance, as reported in the  >>> Uganda National Adaptation Programmes of Action report <<<  (GOU 2007). Species which may be affected include the Mountain \n\n> 47 Westphal, Michael. Uganda and the Lake Victoria Basin: Historic Climate and Future Climate Change. 2010. \n\nUganda Ministry of Water and Environment \n\nFINALWMDP ESAS \n\n43", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda National Adaptation Programmes of Action report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re reinforced by ICT investments if complementary investments in organization capital are conducted jointly, as found in Crespi et al. (2006) and Commander et al (2011). Crespi et al. (2006) investigate this issue using  >>> UK firm-level data <<<  from 1998 and 2000. The authors reached similar conclusions as in the previous literature, such as the fact that ICT and organizational change interact in their effect on productivity growth. In addition, the authors find that organizational change is affected by competition, wh", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "UK firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ual monthly retail spending. Table B.4 (in Appendix B) shows that these indices are strong predictors of actual retail spending.\n\nThese pieces of evidence, along with previous validations in the literature, confirm that  >>> Google search data <<<  strongly capture actual consumer demand for the services that we investigate in this paper. This is particularly encouraging as traditional economic data are not available in a timely manner or with high frequency to inform immediate policy responses in times of emergency such a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Google search data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ial eligibility criteria receive the benefits, estimating the take-up rate for the Monthly Social Allowance (MSA) scheme is important.** To determine this take-up rate, we compare the estimates of beneficiaries based on  >>> administrative data <<<  with those from the simulated survey data. In our estimation, we calculated the number of beneficiaries and the total benefits derived from the survey data. Notably, these figures were higher than the corresponding administrative data figures reported by the government, particul", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|0.388|\n|Panel B Adj.R<sup>2</sup>|0.170|0.177|0.189|0.282|0.318|0.359|0.280|0.330|0.374|\n|Nr. of countries|19|19|19|19|19|19|19|19|19|\n|Nr. of hh|418622|418622|418622|418619|418619|418619|415296|415296|415296|\n\nSource:  >>> International Urban Poverty Database <<< . Note: *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.1. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. WorldPop 250m is used for the DOU and DB method. The dependent variable is a dummy variable taking the value 1 if a household has access to a respective amenity. The baseline category is \u201cU", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Urban Poverty Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " that a loan application would be rejected by banks _Source_ : Bigsten et al. (2003)\n\nAnother novel approach for analyzing the links between formal credit and company investment is adopted by Habyarimana (2004) who uses  >>> matched bank-firm data from Uganda <<< , collected as part of the 2002 RPED, to estimate the effect of losing a banking relationship on firm performance. The background to this study is that four Ugandan banks were closed between September 1998 and 1999 because of imprudent banking practices. As a result, 30 percent o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "matched bank-firm data from Uganda", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orts en cours de l\u2019Etat, de ses partenaires techniques et financiers, ainsi que des acteurs humanitaires et de d\u00e9veloppement pour renforcer l\u2019acc\u00e8s des populations affect\u00e9es aux services, de lacunes subsistent. Selon le  >>> monitoring de protection P21 <<< , 60% des personnes interrog\u00e9es au courant de la p\u00e9riode d\u2019analyse d\u00e9clarent ne pas \u00eatre inform\u00e9s des services disponibles, ce qui constitue un obstacle majeur \u00e0 leur acc\u00e8s. \n\nCertains d\u00e9nis d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s et/ou de services ainsi que des d\u00e9fis d\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019aide humanitaire r\u00e9sulte", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring de protection P21", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "poverty reduction. Figure 12 summarizes the age composition and average household size by percentiles of per capita consumption using the 2010  >>> NLSS data <<< . Poorer households tend to have a larger household size with more children and fewer working-age adults. On the other hand, wealthier households tend to have fewer members but more working-age adults and fewer children. The contrasting demographic composition of the wealthy and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NLSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>for Electricityand energysources|\n|9|Transportation|Asphalt road||The road passes through the_Kebele_and<br>most of the PAPs had easier access to<br>and connections with such means of<br>transport|\n\n\n\n**_Source_** _:  >>> PAPs Census Survey <<< , March 2020_ \n\nDespite the PAPs close location to Modjo town, the availability of basic social services was foundto be limited both in terms of access and in terms of quantity. The _Kebele_ seems to be a buffer zone between the rural and urban setting and falls under unclearly d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PAPs Census Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".4%<br>-13.8% 2,000,000 -30.4%<br>-35.6% -23.7% +6.6%<br>0 -7.2% 0<br>< 0.5 0.5 to 1 1 to 2 2 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 20 to > 50 < 1 1 to 2 2 to 5 5 to 7.5 7.5 to 10 to 2020 to 50 > 50<br>20 50 10<br>Source: Authors based on  >>> CDR data <<< <br><!-- End of picture text --> Changes in the distribution of distances meant a greater concentration of mobility flows on a smaller number of routes in Bogota but an increased dispersion in AMBA. In 2020, the number of OD pairs in which trips were recorded fell by 28 percent i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CDR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conclusions can be drawn at this time. \n\nIn addition to the distribution of characteristics across both samples, this section reviews _how_ the participants understood the experiment. Conceptions of the ten items on the  >>> budget survey <<<  are summarized below. \n\n## **_Item 1: Agriculture_**<sup>**_8_**</sup> \n\n_\u201cThe most important is farming. If you cultivate, later you will harvest and that harvest will allow you to get livestock and through that livestock you will get a good life condition for the future\u201d_ (Int", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "budget survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion addresses this by leveraging the impact of temperature changes relative to each location\u2019s long-term mean, which differences out fixed geographical characteristics. Combining granular geocoded climate data with rich  >>> firm data <<<  is thus key to identifying the economic impact of climate change because it allows us to control for the impact of variation in local geographical char14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "63)|-0.101<br>(0.063)|\n|countv_NewMan*year||||0.041**<br>(0.019)|0.066***<br>(0.016)|0.061***<br>(0.015)|\n|R Square|0.330|See|note c|0.332|Se|e note c|\n|Sample Size|6544|6544|6544|16544|6544|6544|\n\nSource.-- Based on _A  >>> Survey of State Enterprises <<< : 1980-1989._\n\n**a** In all OLS and RE estimations of this table (column 2, 4, 5, and 7), we also control the following variables: 9 year dummies, 3 provincial dummies, 9 industry dummies, 4 governance dummies (the firm governed by the central, provincial, city, county government", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey of State Enterprises", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of international trading opportunities and to engage actively in the emerging system of outsourcing requires reliable and cheap infrastructure. Poor infrastructure thus presents a significant problem for exporters.\n\nThe  >>> firm surveys <<<  have generated a lot of information about how firms perceive infrastructure problems and recently also about time and monetary costs of different bottlenecks. Bigsten et al. (1999b) show that attempts to use data on perceptions to explain productivity is problematic. It is shown", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y design is premised on remote system performance assessment using fleet management platforms to track asset performance, ensure preventative maintenance, remotely diagnose faults and inform expansion decisions based on  >>> historical data <<< . The required overview platform will integrate data from sites installed by multiple different EPC\u2019s and OEM suppliers.  It is necessary for the 1,400 system to be installed. EEU requires an immediate off-the-shelf interim \n\n3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "historical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ivity and growth in Egypt.\n\nThis paper presents an analysis of the finances of Egyptian listed companies evaluating recent trends in growth and profitability and the effects of the economic slowdown of recent years. The  >>> data from financial statements <<<  (available up to year 2000) reveal the effect of the economic slowing of the past few years, especially in the construction and real estate sectors and especially in smaller companies. Smaller firms appear to be less profitable and enjoy lower growth, likely because of being par", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from financial statements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 343,600. The 2002 National Population and Housing census put the population of the district at approximately 523,000. It is estimated that in 2012, the population of the district was approximately 747,800. However, the  >>> 2014 National Population and Housing Census <<<  provisional results puts the population of Kasese District to 694, 992 people with 338,455 males and 355,537 females.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2014 National Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lection equation for father and children's coresidency. We implement inverse probability weighting to correct the biases in the estimates due to sample truncation arising from coresidency. The source of built-up data is  >>> the Global Human Settlement <<<  Layer (GHSL) (Pesaresia et al. (2015)). The built-up data are at 300 meters by 300 meters grids. We super-impose the digital maps from the censuses on the pixel-level data to estimate the total built-up area at the district level.\n\n# (4) Empirical Strategy and Estimating Equatio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "the Global Human Settlement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "which provides a comparable assessment of adequate housing based on seven adequacy dimensions that are held constant across all countries. The adequacy dimensions were obtained and harmonized from countries\u2019 most recent  >>> household expenditure and consumption surveys <<< . The paper documents large differences in housing adequacy across a sample of 64 emerging economies, as well as wide within-country disparities such as across income groups, locations, and occupations. Estimates of the Adequate Housing Index show that across the sample of 64 eme", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household expenditure and consumption surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ess deteriorated LAYS LAYS LAYS<br>than spending more than deteriorated improved less improved more<br>spending than spending than spending<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ World Bank calculations based on HCI,  >>> UIS <<< , and IMF data.\n\n# **_How Do a Country\u2019s Initial Conditions Affect Its Ability to Transform Resources into Outcomes?_**\n\nWhile intuition suggests that a country\u2019s initial conditions determine the most likely paths for education outcomes, their relationship is not straightforward.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "details on DGD. In order to investigate the effect of CEFTA countries adopting the EU common external tariff, we make use of  >>> MFN tariff data <<<  that come from https://wits.worldbank.org/WITS/ WITS/ Restricted/Login.aspx. The original tariff data are at the HS17 8-digit level for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, and Serbia, while the tariff data for Macedonia are at the HS17 6-digit level. We aggrega", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MFN tariff data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ",traffic surveys,market usage surveys,and labor records|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection| >>> Road condition surveys <<<  using laser profilers, HDM\u20114 analysis to classify segments, GIS mapping of condition classes|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MoWT PIU, M&E Consultant|\n|**Direct users that benefit**|**from improved access to sustainable transport infrastructure and services - Host Commun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Road condition surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ete changes can result in large approximation errors, especially given the long duration (ten years and over) of some of the spells in Bourguignon\u2019s sample. The second problem is the implementation of the approach using  >>> poverty databases <<< , which tend to be relatively small, typically include a considerable number of outliers,<sup>7</sup> and often involve substantial measurement error. The latter is further exacerbated by first-differencing the data for the regressions, which raises the noise-to-signal ratio. Bel", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "poverty databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " are functions of sector-specific land and labor prices. To obtain _\u03c0I_ and _\u03c0N_ in terms of an annualized flow, we take district median of per hectare land values for, respectively, irrigated and unirrigated land (from  >>> NSS59 <<< ) multiplied by a discount rate, _\u03b4_ = 0 _._ 05; we also try _\u03b4_ = 0 _._ 10 as a robustness check.<sup>28</sup> For _wA_ , _wNA_ ,\n\n> 28Desch\u02c6enes and Greenstone (2007) arbitrarily choose the discount rate of 0.05 to compare estimates of climate impacts on land values and on agri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSS59", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Figure 4: Share of households with an inverter or generator, evolution over time**\n\nHow has this trend evolved over time? In this case we draw from  >>> ENFT workforce survey <<<  which, contrary to the sole ENIGH 2007, presents 6 months frequency and has a revolving panel structure interviewing the same household for 5 consecutive quarters. As observed in the figure, a common trend shared by Dominican families is the tendency towards acquiring more elect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENFT workforce survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **IV Data**\n\nWe employ two data sources for the analysis presented here: (1) the  >>> PROSPERA panel data <<<  gathered, since 1997 all the way to 2017-2018 (on a subset of localities and individuals), for the evaluation of the initial experiment and (ii) the 2015 intercensus data collected by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI).\n\n## **IV.A PROSPERA ENCEL panel**\n\n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PROSPERA panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", or alternate<br>routes ( decision agreed through<br>consultation and participation of<br>all)|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|4|Compensation for loss of access to fishing resources.|If applicable|Data provided from the revised<br> >>> socio-economic study <<<  will<br>determine market values of catch,<br>fish products etc.|\n|5|Compensation for Buildings and Structures|If applicable|This compensation may be in-kind<br>or cash. Costs for basic housing<br>needs should include ventilated<br>pit latrines, outside kitchen, and<br>storage.|\n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al numbers of Kenyans, refugees, men, and women. The refugees in our sample came from ten different countries, with the vast majority (51%) from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Ethiopia (20%), and Somalia (15%).  >>> Baseline data <<<  suggest that there was considerable variation in the economic lives of these populations. \n\nPrior to the start of program", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e nightlights were used as a proxy for economic activity and then combined with damage indices to find the economic impact. The novelty is that a new, more spatially and temporally detailed data set for nightlights, the  >>> Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite <<<  (VIIRS) product from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), following the work of Elvidge et al. (2017), is employed. In addition, settlement layers have been used to remove nightlight cells with zero population to reduce the impact that \u201cempty\u201d cells could ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rely on two primary data sources for our study. The first is firm-level accounting data from the  >>> WorldScope Database <<< . We examine all non-financial firms with sufficient data for fiscal year 1996 in nine East Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, The Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. All together our sample includes 8", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WorldScope Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "there was anecdotal evidence that they were not being used by target audience. While citizen service charters had been distributed to the DCOs, it was not clear how many had reached the beneficiaries directly. Moreover,  >>> monitoring reports <<<  suggest that, due to low literacy levels, many beneficiaries do not understand what is contained in the Charters. The Mission stressed the importance of developing a more comprehensive communication implementation plan that would include monitoring of delivery of products and us", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_Polity_ and _V-Dem_ data sets. Moreover, as prior research finds that economic development is associated with better government performance (La Porta et al. 1999), we include GDP per capita (from the _World Development  >>> Indicators_ data set <<< ).\n\n# **4. Results**\n\nFor a first look at the bivariate relationship of cabinet size with governance we average the available data for the 10 most recent years included in our data set and focus on cross-national patterns. The results are displayed in Figure 2. All measures of go", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indicators_ data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "##### Annex 2: Chad \n\nThe  >>> Chad Refugee COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey <<<  observed pandemic-period changes to the socioeconomic welfare of refugee households located in 10 regions in Chad. All of the regions surveyed were in the South or the East of the country, with the exception of the region of N\u2019Djamena. This is a result of the fact that 95 percen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Chad Refugee COVID-19 High-Frequency Phone Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u2019 analysis based on data from the  >>> Penn World Tables <<<  version 9.0 (series _rgdpna/pop_ ).\n\nThe slump begins in 1958 and the trough is found in 1959. This is a relatively short-lived crisis before the ousting of the Somoza dictatorship ushers in a major slump (and civil war), lasting from 1977 to 1993. Panel (b) shows a finished slu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Penn World Tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "all. To still allow for the same adequacy definition across the sample of 64 countries (all seven adequacy dimensions aggregated into _AHI_ <mark>), we pool two nationally representative surveys (a) the countries</mark>  >>> HCES <<<  <mark>and (b) the respective De</mark> mographic and Health Survey (DHS) which both provide standardized information on a range of housing conditions to impute existing DHS data into HCES. We consider <mark>DHS as the \u201cdonor\u201d survey and the H</mark> CES <mark>as the \u201crecipient\u201d ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HCES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to begin reassessing the first cases. Hence there are important questions over the sustainability of the HV system itself in its current form. \n\nOne alternative is to estimate poverty and welfare using data from UNHCR\u2019s  >>> Profile Global Registration System <<<  (ProGres) (we refer to this data set as PG) and a welfare model originally constructed on the Home Visits database, round II (JD-HV2) (also referred to in this chapter as HV). For example, the welfare", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Profile Global Registration System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ers Indirect tax VAT Excise Indirect subsidies Kerosene subsidy Wheat subsidy In-kind transfers Education Primary school Secondary school Tertiary Health<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : Authors\u2019 calculations;  >>> ESS 2018/19 data <<< .\n\n# _Direct Taxes_\n\nIn terms of progressivity, direct taxes, including informal taxes, are progressive for both women and men. They are more progressive for men than women. As discussed below, different direct taxes have different progressivity by gender.\n\nPIT is the most progre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ESS 2018/19 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bordering these countries. Therefore, our estimates represent a lower bound for the effect of the BH insurgency.\n\nAnother limitation is caused by the study reliance on GPS coordinates provided in the NDHS as well as the  >>> ACLED <<<  to identify the BH area. The geo-coordinates of the NDHS clusters are randomly displaced to protect the privacy of the respondents (Elkies et al. 2015). Urban clusters are displaced up to 2km while rural clusters are displaced up to 5km (Perez-Heydrichet al. 2013). The measureme", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ACLED", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "shift-share analysis of aggregate productivity because productivity in both sectors change as a result of resources flowing from the low productivity sector to the high productivity sector.\n\nUsing sector level data from  >>> WDI database <<<  and labor share estimates from GTAP database, I estimate distortions in Industry and Services relative to Agriculture for a number of countries that span a spectrum of world income distribution. The main finding of the paper is that there is limited evidence supporting a dominan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WDI database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s sampling areas for 1,001 high-priority GGUs.<sup>10</sup> Figure 5 maps these units, revealing significant representation for on- and offshore GGUs in all world regions.\n\n# **4.  Sample Data**\n\nWe have constructed our  >>> atmospheric CH4 concentration database <<<  from observations by the ESA\u2019s Sentinel-5P platform that typically number over 200,000 per day. We locate each observation in a 5-km global grid comprising 25,920,000 cells. The dominant component in each observation is the global stock of atmospheric CH4 molecules that have acc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "atmospheric CH4 concentration database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\n> 1 The target figures for Syrians who are under temporary protection, as well as refugees and asylum seekers of other nationalities who are in need and targeted through sector interventions, are all based on official  >>> 2024 year-end statistics of PMM <<< . As", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2024 year-end statistics of PMM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the PDO. As a consequence of the above, the share of public primary and lower secondary schools equipped with minimum hygiene standards for prevention of COVID-19 was very high at 96 percent. This is corroborated by the  >>> independent household survey <<<  conducted by UWEZO Uganda which indicated that of the primary schools that were partially reopened in 2020-21, 93 percent confirmed that they had a hand-washing and sanitizing facility.<sup>14</sup> \n\n   - IRI 4: The project achieved the target aiming to support the Uganda Natio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "independent household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on activities involve physical displacement,<br>which results in social disarticulation and erosion of|\n|\u2022 At the pre-feasibility and feasibility stages,<br>preliminary RAP studies are conducted by<br>institutions using  >>> secondary and primary data <<<  to<br>inform the realistic project costing and social<br>considerations such as physical displacement and<br>involuntary resettlement.|social capital, which is never given due<br>consideration when planning and resettling PAPs. As<br>a result, social risks such as GBV, child lab", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "secondary and primary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Melitz and Ottaviano (2008) predict a negative relationship.\n\nWith regard to the empirical literature, Manova and Zhang (2012) is the main reference for this paper. The authors analyze a  >>> custom database on Chinese firms <<<  and establish stylized facts on the variation in export prices and imported-input prices across firms, products and trade-partner countries. They also compare their findings with the literature and the expected results of the various models of trade and heterogeneous firms. They", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "custom database on Chinese firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "results of some studies based on _firm-level_ panel data suggest that impacts of foreign ownership in labor markets may differ between developed and developing countries (Almeida, 2007). For instance, using the panel of  >>> Indonesian manufacturing data <<<  to control for unobserved plant level characteristics, Lipsey and Sj\u00f6holm (2006) find that acquisition of Indonesian plant leads to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Indonesian manufacturing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s. Secondly, these high quality annotations can then be used as a training set for smaller bespoke models. These bespoke models may be able to leverage LLMs through data augmentation, but importantly they are trained on  >>> context-specific data <<<  so researchers have better control, and an overview, of the information that is used. We suspect that these limitations will continue even as LLMs improve, and we encourage researchers using LLMs for annotation tasks to be aware of and check for bias.\n\n# **References**\n\n- Appadu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "context-specific data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Since there are only four Latin American countries in  >>> PIAAC <<< , we extrapolate the measures of computer use at work from PIAAC to the full set of countries in the SEDLAC database. In particular, we estimate a predictive model for the probability of computer use at the individual level using the full set of countries in PIAAC<sup>19</sup> an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIAAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ns and Pereira 2017); Chile (Martinez-Aguilar et al. 2016); Croatia (Inchauste and Rubil 2015); Mexico (Scott et al. 2018); Poland (Goraus and Inchauste 2016); Russia (Popova et al. 2018). Turkey: Own estimates based on  >>> Turkey 2016 HBS <<< . Note: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Turkey 2016 HBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of Malaysia, we use measures of output (value added) from the national accounts as published by the Department of Statistics (DOS), and employment estimates are obtained from the  >>> labor force surveys <<<  published by DOS. The labor input is adjusted for quality using a measure of the average educational attainment of the labor force (also taken from the annual labor force surveys), assuming a seven percent return per year of schooling.\n\nWe obtain a measure of the capital input f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "labor force surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">point<br>growth|\n|Low- and middle-<br>income total|43|5.5|0.6|19|1.6|28|3.2|\n|UMICS|32|5.3|0.6|19|1.4|30|3.0|\n|LMICs|41|6.3|0.6|20|1.6|26|3.8|\n|LICs|60|4.8|0.8|19|2.4|22|2.4|\n\n_Source:_ World Bank calculations based on  >>> UIS <<<  and IMF data. _Note:_ The 75<sup>th</sup> percentile is defined separately for each indicator. The averages for the share of education and the total government budget are based on the country period averages for 2010 **\u2013** 13 and 2014 **\u2013** 17. LIC", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Additionally, the table, using  >>> USGS <<<  price data, reports statistically insignificant impacts on average annual lights per capita growth, population density, and spatial inequality in the treated districts engaged in extraction of low-value minerals. Nonetheless, the impacts on the Sen Index are positive and statist", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "USGS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "that require a large amount of electricity for production, small firms might be unable to finance such investments and thus be shut out of the market, leading to overall efficiency losses. Indeed, Alby et al. (2013) use  >>> Enterprise Survey data for 77 countries <<<  to show that energy\u2010intensive sectors (e.g. chemical and textile industries) have a significantly lower share of small firms in countries with frequent outages. In these circumstances, large firms are more likely to be able to mobilize sufficient funds for investing in generator", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Survey data for 77 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iate goods and other inputs required in the production process, trade costs that constrain the capacity of firms to import are also likely to affect their export dynamics, especially in the context of rising GVCs. Using  >>> trade flows <<< , Customs transactions and firmlevel data, several studies have so far provided evidence on how the reduction of import barriers can shape export performance and diversification patterns. This paper contributes to this literature by quantifying a new source of trade costs based o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "trade flows", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n Poverty Rate (as percentage of total fall in poverty)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Poverty line of 5.50 dollars per person a day (2011 PPP). See Appendix B for details. Sources: Authors\u2019 estimations based on  >>> SEDLAC <<<  (CEDLAS and World Bank) and WEO (October 2018).\n\n25", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ard deviation equals 1.96. The smallest country in our sample has a population of 47,971 (St. Kitts and Nevis) while the largest country has a population of about 1.3 billion (China). The data source for the variable is  >>> WDI <<< .\n\nAnother measure of country size frequently used is the total surface area of the country. For a robustness check, we use (log of) country\u2019s total surface area as a measure of country size ( _Area_ ). The variable is taken from WDI.\n\n> 6 The two measures of petty corruption are", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the size of the population they are serving or sector-specific variables such as the number of primary-age children who are in school. We compare the responses of the surveyed officials to objective benchmark data from  >>> administrative and survey data <<<  to calculate the scale of errors that these officials make. We thus provide among the first large-scale descriptive evidence on the nature and correlates of information in the public sector.\n\nWe combine these measures with information about the structure of the hierarchy in whic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative and survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing lay-offs in teaching staff were made. For example, the annual cost per student in a vocational high school (the most expensive type of secondary institution)\n\n- 19/ The amount of scholarship per student derived from  >>> institutional cost data <<<  norresponds with that derived from the CILSS for secondary level students (see Table 21). At the post-secondary level, the CILSS figures are much below those computed from institutional budgets, suggesting either underreporting of scholarships by survey respondents, or, more lik", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "institutional cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " & Sanghi, 2018), reliable longitudinal studies on refugee job market outcomes are not readily available, severely restricting the ability to assess the impact of a crisis like COVID-19 on refugees.\n\nThis study uses the  >>> Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey <<<  (RRPS) to investigate the socioeconomic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor market outcomes of urban national and refugee communities in Kenya. Refugees in Kenya live in densely populated refugee camps inhabiting more than 200,000 inhabitants and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pecifically, the indicators we use represent the depth, stability, and efficiency of the banking sector and stock markets as defined by Cihak et al. (2013).<sup>1</sup> In addition to the GFDD, we employ the widely used  >>> data set on the determinants of long-term growth <<<  developed by Fernandez et al. (2001), which encompasses over 40 explanatory variables capturing various economic, political, geographical, and institutional indicators.\n\nWhile it is commonly assumed that causality goes from financial development to economic growth, some scholars", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data set on the determinants of long-term growth", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " decision-making at national and regional levels. The WIS has improved the process of issuance of water permits; so far 25 permits have been issued since the WIS was installed and 32 permits have been assessed using the  >>> data from the new hydrometeorological stations <<< . The MWE, with support of the UWMDP, recruited young water professionals to learn and contribute to project identification, preparation, and implementation, including procurement, contract management, financial management, and safeguards management. \n\nPage 19 of 56", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the new hydrometeorological stations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ildren to learn the language of the host country and in enrolling in school (Dryden-Peterson et al., 2019; Zengin and Atas-Akdemir, 2020).\n\n_Figure 6- Aspirations and identity of refugee caregivers and students (Source:  >>> World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy <<< )_ <!-- Start of picture text --> 68% 68%<br>61% 59% 59%<br>50%<br>35% 36%<br>31%<br>26% 26%<br>23%<br>Would like to continue living Would like to move back to Feel strongly connected to Feel strongly connected to<br>in Italy Ukraine Italy Ukraine<br>Caregivers (N=283) Children b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Survey on Ukrainian refugees in Italy", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ble to afford the monthly installments. The fund is being optimized while in operation and planned to run long-term. \n\n\n\n## **PROTECTION/HEALTH** \n\n<u>99% of community members at Kigeme, Nyabiheke</u> and Gihembe with a  >>> SHS report <<<  feeling safer in their homes after dark and having less concerns about open fire injuries, falls and criminal activity during the night.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SHS report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ompleted, and the remaining<br>activity is implemented then study.|\n|**8**|Collection<br>Efficiency<br>of<br>participating utilities (Percentage)||%|81|95||93%||\n|**8.1**|Addis Ababa (Percentage)|||87|95|95|93%|Based on  >>> report of AAWSA <<< , collection efficiency of the<br>utility has increased to 95%. The introduction of mobile<br>reading technologies and bill collection through mobile<br>banking as well as", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "report of AAWSA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ent over the past decade. The country\u2019s per capita income of US$370 per is substantially lower than the regional average of US$1,257 and among the ten lowest worldwide. Ethiopia is ranked 173 out of 187 countries in the  >>> Human Development Index <<<  (HDI) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). However, high economic growth", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".11|0.11|0.20|0.22|0.23|\n|Transfer received from relatives/friends abroad|0.14|0.12|0.15|0.21|0.34|\n\nSource: Own computations using  >>> June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys <<< . Notes: The sample is restricted to the households residing in the six strata that cover areas directly affected by the earthquake.\n\n42", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "June 2010 (EFSA II) surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in 1998-2004.\n\nStagnation in exports of services over 1999-2004 was the result of the collapse of receipts from sales of all services sectors identified in  >>> balance of payments statistics <<<  except for tourism and transport (Table 4). The aggregate receipts from other sectors stood in 2004 at 55 percent of their level in 1999 and 35 percent of their level in 1998. The inclusion of transport does not significantly alter the overall picture\u2014revenues in 2004 were 37 pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "balance of payments statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " offered by the regulator, and _underestimates_ the effect of forbearance offered by a private lender on both repayment rates and on the demand for doing business with the lender in the future.\n\nIn sum, the results of a  >>> survey representative of the borrower population <<<  illustrate that respondents overwhelmingly expect repayment deferrals to have negative implications for credit discipline. Moreover, respondents believe that loan repayment could be impacted negatively through two alternative channels: the anticipation of future relief and expec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey representative of the borrower population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ge in sales<br>Probability of falling in arrears<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **5. Conclusion and policy recommendations**\n\nFirms in South Asia had a disproportionately larger impact of the pandemic. Evidence from  >>> Business Pulse Surveys <<<  conducted by the World Bank in collaboration with the IFC in South Asian countries suggests that only two-thirds of the businesses are currently open in the region compared to 80% in other non-high income countries. The average revenues among these businesses have declined by 64", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Business Pulse Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he structure of household expenditure, including expenditure on infrastructure services.\n\n## **MEASURING CONSUMPTION**\n\n3.5 The following procedure was adopted to estimate consumption of infrastructure services from the  >>> survey data <<< . First, for the 25%-35% of households that were able to provide the interviewer with a copy of their utility bill, the level of consumption could be\n\n> 5 The family expenditure survey of 1997", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "business environment constraints.\n\nThe  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<<  provide a large set of objective measures of business environment constraints. In addition to subjective information on access to finance as an obstacle, the questionnaire also collects objective information on aspects of financial access, allowing us to create several variables", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "D-19 demands on limited resources. The GoU is therefore keen to improve health services in the refugee hosting areas to enhance access, and benefit both refugees and host communities. \n\nFor refugees surveyed in separate  >>> High Frequency Surveys <<< <sup>6</sup> , 88 percent of respondents indicated that they would \u2018agree to be vaccinated if free and safe vaccine is available\u2019. Once the vaccination campaign commenced in Uganda, however, there was slow initial uptake of the limited vaccines. This was attributed to misinformat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "High Frequency Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "obable route as an instrument while controlling for VAT along its own route, we find that a 1 percent increase in trucking unit cost reduces trade flow by 2.8-3.9 percent which is larger in magnitude than estimates from  >>> international shipping data <<<  by Brancaccio et al (elasticity=1.03) and but similar to Wong (2018) (elasticity=2.8-3.7). The implied elasticity of substitution derived from the above estimate of trade elasticity", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "international shipping data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "enced a net loss, net gain, or income stayed the same relative to before the pandemic. Information on net losses are only available for a few country-rounds, so we look at changes in income between rounds instead.\n\n> 11  >>> Data from Mongolia and Myanmar <<< , for instance, indicate that the majority of those who stop working do not have a job to return to or have a job to return to but have experienced a reduction in wages. Thus,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from Mongolia and Myanmar", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "than from Northern Europe reduces the probability of stating that tax evasion is never justified by 1.3 percentage points. Similarly, Weck (1983), Weck, Pommerehne, and Frey (1984), and Frey and WeckHannemann (1984) use  >>> cross-country survey results <<<  for the years 1960, 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1978 in order to develop an aggregate, country-level \u2015tax immorality\u2016 index for various countries. Their index indicates that Romanic countries have a higher tax immorality than most other countries. In this context, Kirchg\u00e4ssner (1999) ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-country survey results", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e different combinations of activities. We also use imputed individual level incomes for Ghana that shed light on the different gender dimensions of the labor market. We estimate individual incomes by combining existing  >>> salary data <<<  with a proportional share of household income based on the individual's reported participation\n\n> 4 GLSS 1 had a 14 day recall period while GLSS3 had a much smaller 3 day recall period. Since longer recall periods are associated with recall error the expenditure figures had to b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "salary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "GDP, which is based on data from the UNU-WIDER  >>> Government Revenue Dataset <<<  (GRD), 2020.<sup>12</sup> Panel B in Table 1 describes the four indicators used in the construction of the DEA input index. Panel C lists additional factors which are included in the post-DEA regression analysis (pairwise correlations between these variables are reported in Tabl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Government Revenue Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "anceif required (assistancewithjob placement, skills training)|\n||Street vendor<br>(informal<br>without title or<br>lease to the stall<br>or shop)|Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on  >>> tax records <<<  for previous year (or tax records from<br>comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher.<br>Relocation assistance (costs of shifting)<br>Assistance to obtain alternative site to re-establish the business|\n|**STANDING CROPS**|||\n|Crops affec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "tax records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "exclusively to impact evaluation results created challenges over time** . While appropriate under the original project timeline, this approach became problematic as the project was extended multiple times. The available  >>> impact evaluation data <<< , collected during the early years of implementation, became less representative after the COVID-19 pandemic and regional conflict disrupted the operating environment. Commissioning a new impact evaluation to update PDO indicators would have required substantial time and resource", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "impact evaluation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e \u2013 clinic exists in many other settings across the developing world, including private, mission, and NGO-run medical facilities.\n\nCSComs are one of the most important sources of care in Mali: according to the 2012-2013  >>> Demographic and Health Survey <<< , 47 percent of mothers in Bamako who sought care for a child under five with fever or cough took the child to a CSCom. The quality of care across CSComs varies and is typically poorest in rural areas. Our study was conducted in the capital city of Bamako and a nearby suburb, whe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " any contradictions that may be seen to be significant have also been presented in this section. \n\n- IV. CENSUS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS. This section provides the results of ethnographic information, enumerations and  >>> socio-economic surveys <<<  carried out to establish the baseline data against which both impacts and the eventual adequacy of compensation, and recovery of incomes and, living standards, can be measured. \n\n- V. PROJECT IMPACTS. This section describes the types of project activities during both constructio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|4228|11286|4222|\n\nNote: The table gives the mean for widows less that for non-widows. Ever-widowed includes currently widowed as well as previously widowed, currently married women. t-stats in parentheses. Source: 2006  >>> Mali DHS <<< .\n\n**Table 9: Percent of women who reported obtaining permission and lack of money as impediments to seeking health care for themselves when sick, by marital status**\n\n||**Permi**<br>|**ssion**<br>|**Mo**<br>|**ney**<br>|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**Rural**|**Urban**|**Rural**|**Ur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mali DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rogramme monitoring are published on a real-time basis on the following platform: https://lis.unhcr.org. \n\n> **53** Figures are the estimates calculated for the beneficiaries of livelihoods programmes calculated through  >>> sample surveys <<< . Also, 2019 figures are not final as at the time of writing data were still coming from many operations. \n\n37", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sample surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>17.1<br>14.0 15.1<br>12.9<br>1.0 1.2 1.7 2.2 2.5 9.7 9.1 10.6 11.4 11.4<br>1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010<br>Year Year<br>Total Men Total Men<br>Women Women<br>Source: authors\u2019 own computation with  >>> data from CEDLAS and The World Bank <<<  (2015)<br>Figure 13: Percentage of ninis that decide to start their own household with children in LAC by gender and age,<br>1992-2010<br>Panel A: 15-18 years Panel B: 19-24 years<br>18.4<br>17.5 43.3 43.6<br>15.8 39.2 40.3 40.9<br>14.2<br>13.1 31.7 32.6 31.9 33.8 33.3<br>11.6 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from CEDLAS and The World Bank", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Niger accounts for 0.09 percent of global emissions but is ranked 180 out of 188 countries in terms of its vulnerability and readiness to climate change impact, according to the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative\u2019s  >>> 2018 country index <<< .<sup>6</sup> Niger is the 2nd most vulnerable country and the 52nd least ready country in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative, which considers vulnerability in six life-supporting sectors (food, water, health, ecosystem service, human habitat, and infrastructure) and rea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2018 country index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ze**|4.9|5.4|\n|**Female headed households**|33%|21%|\n|**Literacy rate (can read and write in any language, aged 15+)**|93%|93%|\n\n\n\n_Source: 2019 Shona socioeconomic survey_<sup>[8]</sup> _and the authors\u2019 calculation of  >>> 2024 survey data <<< ._ \n\n4 \n\n**www.unhcr.org**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2024 survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll be reviewed. The data already collected cannot be used as a baseline data. The data based on the new methodology can be collected in 2020. \n\n1.1.1.b is calculated, using the data reported by DAC members to the OECD\u2019s  >>> Creditor Reporting System <<<  (CRS) on an annual basis. It covers all expenditures reported in the CRS under the type of aid \u201cH02 - Refugees in donor countries\u201d (i.e. official sector expenditures for the sustenance of refugees in donor countries during the first twelve months of their stay) and with the sect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Creditor Reporting System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a from the Povcal Net database; and Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and South Africa from the ILO.\n\n# 6. **Complementary Data for the Panel Analysis**\n\n- a. Trade Shock: The trade shock series are based on data from the IMF\u2019s  >>> Direction of Trade database <<< .\n\n- b. Unemployment Rate: The Unemployment rate data have been collected in the IMF\u2019s World Economic Outlook database.\n\n|Argentina|_www.mecon.gov.ar/hacienda_<br>_www.indec.gov.ar_<br>Useful|Mexico<br>Links for Data Sources|_www.apartados.hacienda.gob.mx_<br>_www.inegi.org.mx_|\n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Direction of Trade database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r Stock**<br>**Scenario \u2013 higher attrition and**<br>**higher PTR**|\n|Teacher attrition rate for<br>projection period (up to<br>2040)<br>1. Countries with data for at<br>least one year between 2015<br>and 2019.<br>-> Use  >>> country data <<<  (median<br>of 2015 to 2019), except<br>Malaysia (use 2%).<br>1. Use 0.4 for all countries (0.4<br>is the lowest rate observed in<br>the region between 2015 and<br>2019).|1. Countries with data for at least<br>one year between 2015 and<br>2019.<br>-> Use country data (median<br>2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sible, the similar value of the third eigenvalue led to decide that three principal components are required to represent the data.\n\n> 7 Data on the female labor participation rate from 1960 to 1983 was constructed using  >>> census data <<< , and the missing observations were fit by a _spline_ curve to the observed values.\n\n7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "emerging markets. SMEs are undercapitalized and predominantly financed through internal funds, as well as, informal sources. Enterprises often resort to the informal sector, family and friends for access to finance. The  >>> 2012 Jordan Investment Climate Survey <<<  (ICS) shows the large disparities in terms of access to credit by size of firms. Only 27 percent of small firms have a loan versus 38 percent of medium-sized firms and 53 percent of large</mark> corporates. \n\n<mark>8. High risk perception of MSMEs is one reason behind such low f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2012 Jordan Investment Climate Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ned, we find that 11 have spatially progressive subsidies, nine have spatially regressive subsidies, and three have spatially neutral ones. As well as distributional impacts, we examine environmental consequences. Using  >>> spatially disaggregated data on fertilizer use <<< , we find a very close, positive relationship between input subsidies and fertilizer use, particularly in richer regions. We also show that subsidies are significant contributors to soil saturation of nitrogen, a sign of fertilizer overuse and an indicator of increased environmen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "spatially disaggregated data on fertilizer use", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "We use reporting by wives and husbands on household decision making over large purchases in 12  >>> nationally representative surveys <<<  in Sub-Saharan Africa to examine the empirical relationship between the mode of decision making and perpetration of IPV by the husband. Sole decision making by the wife is associated with the highest levels of IPV, followed by sole decision making by the husband.\n\nOur main contr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationally representative surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and higher-order children, by firstborn sex and child gender. Panel E shows the total number of children per mother for the sample of mothers whose first and last birth took place within each of the three periods. Data:  >>> NFHS <<<  in Panels A and E. REDS in Panels B, C, D.\n\n39", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NFHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gregated Designated Account (DA) at Central Bank of Jordan (CBJ) in US Dollars to cover the Grant' shares of eligible expenditures. The Ceiling of the DA will be based on forecast for two (2) quarters as provided in the  >>> quarterly IFRs <<< . A sub-account in local currency will be opened for each participating municipality at CVDB for receiving the Municipal Grants. The Grants will be \n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "quarterly IFRs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1992; Narayan, 1995; Ostrom, 1995).\n\nThe Narayan/Pritchett study is a pioneering effort in the way different social capital dimensions are combined to estimate quantitatively their impact on household welfare based on a  >>> national-level household survey <<< . The study's remarkable finding that in Tanzania social capital matters more for household welfare than human capital, constitutes a challenge to investigate this issue for other countries to assess how general this finding is. We undertake this task for Indonesia in this paper,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national-level household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the UNIDO ISIC database and spanning 10 years, from 1994 to 2004<sup>18</sup> . The dependent variable in the analysis is the natural logarithm of total South-African manufacturing exports (US$ nominal, deflated by the  >>> South African Producer Price Index <<<  (PPI)), obtained from UNComtrade. The choice of the South African PPI as deflator is done in order to capture the macroeconomic dynamics of the South African economy and the national price into the dependent variable. Alternative deflators, namely the US PPI, were tried and did ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "South African Producer Price Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s the macroeconomic inputs and assumptions behind each simulated scenario. Section III discusses the welfare and distributional impacts of the twin crisis in Iraq. Section IV presents some validation exercises using the  >>> Continuous IHSES <<<  collected in 2014. Section V concludes the study, summarizing key findings and discussing a few implications of the results for the country.\n\n> 5 Last official estimates, Crude oil represents about 44% of total GDP in 2014.\n\n> 6 80 percent of new jobs were created in the public ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Continuous IHSES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s driven by the fact that the panel is unbalanced. But even if we give equal weight to each country\u2019s average Gini coefficient we find a similar picture: the resulting overall means are 0.40 for incomebased and 0.42 for  >>> expenditure-based observations <<< , respectively. The latter, however, are more concentrated around their mean. In other words, there is a lower frequency of countries with extreme (whether high or low) inequality in the expenditure-based subsample than in the income-based subsample.\n\nOn the other hand, there is ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "expenditure-based observations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "legal transactions that would ultimately influence the time required to clear foreign inputs at the border.<sup>35</sup> Accordingly, we check whether our results are immune to the inclusion of two indicators\n\n> 34Using  >>> data for Chinese firms <<< , Manova, Wei, and Zhang (2015) show that credit-constrained firms are less likely to penetrate foreign markets, in line with findings by Minetti and Zhu (2011) and Mu\u02c6uls (2015) for firms in Italy and Belgium respectively. Besides preventing firms from breaking into new markets,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for Chinese firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vo|50,751|\n|10|51830|Betioky-<br>Atsimo|98.8|61101|Antsiranana-1|47,019|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 estimations\n\n# Small area stunting maps\n\nIn Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), stunting is measured through the collection of  >>> anthropometric data <<<  from children under the age of five. Specifically, children's height is measured and compared to standardized growth references, typically provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards. Stunting is assessed by calculating the height-for-age z-score (HAZ)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "anthropometric data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "treated\u2019 mothers for a given year.\n\nIn the case of Morocco, the DHS survey is completed by equally nationally representative data for the years 2007 and 2014 from the High Commission for Planning (HCP). To harmonize the  >>> DHS data <<<  and HCP Household Consumption Expenditure Survey, as in the latter there is no information on the number of births by women, we construct variables on children based on the age of the youngest member of the household. As with DHS data, only married, widowed or divorced women", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "women in relatively older age groups. They showed that the entry into force of unilateral divorce laws effectively increased labor force participation of younger women. Using a different empirical strategy and employing  >>> individual panel data <<< , we investigate the effects of unilateral divorce and custody legislation reforms on women\u2019s labor outcomes by exploring differences between women who are more or less affected by the reform. Instead of exploiting cross-country variations, we purposefully isolate estimates for o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "individual panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".25<br>.2<br>.1<br>.15<br>.1<br>.05<br>Inconme Gains (%) Inconme Gains (%)<br>.05<br>0 0<br>.5<br>.4<br>.3<br>.2<br>Inconme Gains (%)<br>.1<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Author estimations, based on the  >>> IHS 2012-2016 <<<  and HIES 2017. Data on smoking-attributable death events is taken from the GBD (2017). _Notes:_ Deciles are created based on per capita household total consumption.\n\n## Net income effect\n\nThe net income effect of increasing taxes on cigarettes in Georgia (Figure 6) is calculated", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IHS 2012-2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "missionaries might have targeted more populated areas or cities. Regressions therefore control for a fourth-order polynomial in average population density in the 18th century obtained from the  >>> History Database of the Global Environment <<<  (HYDE). Furthermore, the control set also includes a dummy for the presence of cities at any time before 1800.\n\nAccording to Robinson (1915), competition with Islam was a deterring factor, because spreading the gospel in predominantly Muslim areas was complicated. Muslim populat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "History Database of the Global Environment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ating relevant local business information, as well as test the subsequent impacts of adopting these business practices on performance outcomes.\n\nThe analysis presented in this paper is based on pooled estimates from two  >>> follow-up surveys <<< , six and eighteen months after the intervention. While attrition in either survey is low (less than 20% in second endline) and uncorrelated with treatment status, the take-up rates especially for the _Documentary_ and _All Three_ groups are also low at 52% and 47%, respectively.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "follow-up surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s the number of active trade policy measures and the absolute number of COVID-19 cases over time while the lower part plots the weekly variation of COVID-19 cases.\n\n**Source:** COVID-19 data from John Hopkins University  >>> CSSE database <<< .\n\nAs noted previously, there is a more marked increase in the number of measures pertaining to medical products/PPE than actions targeting food products, and, for both sectors we observe a greater number of liberalization-cum-facilitation measures than trade restrictions. The la", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CSSE database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t might affect the quality of the ESIA study. The following limitations have been made/identified during the assessment process and in the compilation of this ESIA Report: \n\n- Getting sufficient and reliable primary and  >>> secondary data <<<  of the baseline for the existing socioeconomic activities. \n\n- Lack of systemic networking among concerned government organizations so as to accomplish the study as per the guideline of ESIA. \n\n- The duration allotted for the specific task was short and more secondary data were ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "secondary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " overuse to a \u201cmoderate\u201d or a \u201csignificant\u201d extent (Cassou et al. 2017).\n\n# **3 Data**\n\nWe use three datasets to examine the distributional impact of output subsidies. We take disaggregated crop-production data from the  >>> Spatial Production Allocation Model <<<  (SPAM) (IFPRI 2019). SPAM estimates the spatial distribution of crop production for 42 crops by combining crop production statistics from national or subnational administrative regions with crop-specific suitability information based on local landscape, climate, and soil conditi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Spatial Production Allocation Model", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "This research also contributes to the literature on the drivers of the skill content of jobs by using the World Bank\u2019s  >>> International Income Distribution Dataset <<<  (I2D2). I2D2 covers more than 150 countries and several years of household survey data. By applying the skill-intensity measures to each occupation, we estimate cross-country regressions and find that the positive correlation between economic development and the intensity of job", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Income Distribution Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " - Current<br>Refugee - Before disp<br>Host community<br>0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100<br>Agriculture Self Employment Paid Employment Aid Remittances<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Author\u2019s calculation using  >>> Skills Profile Survey <<<  (2017), Ethiopia Figure 4: Source of livelihood by gender of the household head and refugee status To examine the factors influencing the gender differences in livelihood activities among the four refugee hosting regions, we undertook an in-depth empirical study. We therefore fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Skills Profile Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "k permits as a mechanism to redistribute part of the benefits of migration from migrant to native workers to compensate them for the risk of being displaced and for the potential loss in earnings. The illustration using  >>> data from the US-Mexico migration corridor <<<  gives estimates that suggest the market price for working permits would constitute a sizeable basic income guarantee for native workers who decide to sell their right to work.\n\nThe plausibility of the quantitative results hinges on the model\u2019s assumptions. In particular, we assu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the US-Mexico migration corridor", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Revise**Public Works beneficiaries in the bottom two quintiles**(Percentage)||\n|---|---|\n|Jun/2020|Mar/2029|\n|0.00|70.00|\n|Rationale for Change|**Revised data source to include  >>> national survey <<<  as these data are needed to define income**<br>**quintiles.**|\n|New**People benefiting from actions to increase access to more and better jobs to a**|**dvance gender equality**(Number of people)CRI|\n|Jun/2020|Mar/2029|\n|0|33,591|\n|Revise**WHR Public Works beneficiaries (WHR enro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "unorganized manufacturing sectors from the NSSO records. For some analyses, we exclude records where the male and female employee counts do not add up to within 10% of the reported total employment for the firm.\n\nWe use  >>> ASI surveys <<<  from the same fiscal years as the NSSO data described above to investigate the impact of increased competitiveness ensuing from infrastructure investments, trade liberalization and domestic regulation reforms. ASI surveys have a similar design<sup>32</sup> and stratification as ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ASI surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the core analysis in the report. \n\nThe welfare and poverty analysis of chapter 2 of the report was replicated for three other data sets: the third round of the Home Visits data in Jordan (JDHV3); the second round of the  >>> Lebanon Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees <<<  (LB-VASyR); and the Lebanon Verification data set (LB-Verif), a recent data set compiled using information collected during the appeal process for the World Food Programme (WFP) food voucher distribution system. The welfare assessments using these three data sets are provided in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Lebanon Vulnerability Assessment of Syrian Refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nuary and 26<sup>th</sup> February 2022.  The consultations with PAPs were conducted in public barazas while consultation with other key stakeholders were conducted in their offices through Key Informant Interviews. The  >>> attendance register <<<  is provided in Annex V and Minutes provided in Annex IV. \n\n**<u>Table G: Consultation meetings in the project area</u>** \n\n|**#**|**Date**|**Venue**|**Female**|**Male**|**Total**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|1.|15/2/2022|Vikinduni Chief\u2019s office|44|52|96|\n|2.|16/2/2022|Mnyezeni C", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "attendance register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cies. Since early 2024, refugees have been included in census and survey exercises in Burundi, Djibou\ufffd, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Uganda \u2013 marking meaningful progress towards inclusive na\ufffdonal plans. \n\nEthiopia\u2019s **<u> >>> Socio-Economic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia <<<  (SESRE)</u>** is an illustra\ufffdve example: its analysis of the living condi\ufffdons of host communi\ufffdes and refugees contributed to the Government of Ethiopia\u2019s decision to issue a new **<u>Right to Work Direc\ufffdve</u>** in 2024, expanding opportuni\ufffdes for refugees to contribute to the n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Socio-Economic Survey of Refugees in Ethiopia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rs to the combined dataset relative to the period 2009\u20132018. Summary statistics at the activity level are reported in Appendix B.1.\n\n**Estimation of CO2 emissions.** Form 606 provides the link between DGII firm data and  >>> SIEN emissions data <<< , which enables us to estimate energy consumption and CO2 emissions by firm. Form 606 is a monthly report submitted by companies to DGII that provides information on the purchase of goods and services that include a tax receipt number (NCF). To quantify the energy consumption and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SIEN emissions data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ve been sold below their respective world market prices in Pakistan. While there are plans to reduce or abolish subsidies, fuel subsidies still amounted to a total of 3.4 USD billion in 2017 or 1.14% of GDP according to  >>> IEA data <<< . In the model, subsidies on fuel are represented as negative carbon taxes", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IEA data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " land to the PAP shall<br>be free of taxes, registration, and<br>other costs.<br>Relocation assistance (costs of<br>shifting + allowance)<br>Opportunity cost compensation<br>equivalent to 2 months net income<br>based on  >>> tax records <<<  for previous<br>year (or tax records from comparable<br>business,or estimates)|\n|||Business person<br>is lease holder|Opportunity cost compensation<br>equivalent to 2 months net income<br>based on tax records for previous<br>year (or tax records from comparable<br>business,or es", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "tax records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6|\n|2021|26.69|9.45|17.23|\n|2022|25.43|8.38|17.06|\n|2023|24.88|6.76|18.12|\n|Average 2019\u201321|26.59|8.79|17.79|\n|2022 \u2013 avg. 2019\u201321|-1.15|-0.42|-0.74|\n|2023\u2013avg. 2019\u201321|-1.71|-2.04|0.33|\n\n_Source:_ Computations based on  >>> data from publicly available crop maps <<<  (www.cropmaps-ua.com).\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from publicly available crop maps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rs with relatively poor education level. And such firms commonly operated in agriculture, retail trade and construction sectors. The link between regulation and firm creation is further researched by Bripi (2016). Using  >>> data on time and cost <<<  to start a business and entry rates by industry in the period of 2005-2007, the author analyzes the impact of entry regulation on firm creation in Italy. The cross-sectional analysis of the data shows that the length and costliness of procedures contribute to lower entry in sect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on time and cost", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " there is no survey and<br>clear data on this, we took the<br>data as it was. Based on<br>AAWSA\u2019s<br>report,<br>in<br>AAWSA<br>out<br>of<br>144<br>management positions 39 are<br>filled by women. For SCs,<br>based on the  >>> utility survey <<< <br>report (May 2022) on average<br>about 14.2% of management|\n\n\n\n30", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "utility survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eficit, defined here as the difference between the projected number of housing units in a country and those units that are currently inadequate. We approximate the number of current housing stock by drawing on available  >>> data of countries rural and urban population <<<  as well average HH size in rural and urban areas.<sup>19</sup> Based on these estimations, we estimate a country\u2019s current housing stock deficit as where _D_ is the current housing stock deficit for country _c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data of countries rural and urban population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an increase in the volatility of the monsoon, which means that the calculations in Gin\u00e9 et al. (2007), which are based on  >>> historical data <<< , underestimate expected payouts. (In that paper, we conducted some simple tests suggesting this is not the case; however, those tests were only preliminary in nature.) Notably, returns on livestock insurance are significantly less volatile than those on rainfall insurance and av", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "historical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed in Handbook|0.18|0.13|0.18|0.17|0.17|0.18|0.19|0.254|0.445|0.681|0.757|\n\n# **Chi-Square Test of Joint Orthoganality from Multinomial Logit (P-value):** 0.857\n\n**Notes:** This table presents summary statistics for the  >>> baseline survey data <<< . Columns 1 and 2 present mean and standard deviations for the full sample. Column 3 provides average values for the control group and columns 4-7 present average values by treatment status. Columns 8-11 present p-values for equality of means tests between a particular treatment ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ssess whether improvements in the nutritional intakes translate into improvements in subsequent performance in school. In addition, we use both the household survey data that were collected as part of the experiment and  >>> administrative data <<<  that were collected concurrent with the primary school exams to study how PAL impacts other determinants of school performance, such as child labor, school quality, and parental time investment.\n\nOur main finding is that, 4 to 10 years after transfers began, in-kind food transfe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "udents enrolled in schools. Among them, 1,164 were in kindergarten, while 3,692 were in primary schools. \n\nMultiple sources, including regional ones by UNHCR <u>(Intention Survey</u> and Protection Analysis), UNICEF <u>( >>> survey on education and parenting <<< ), and official data</u> from administrations have documented several significant challenges that impact the enrollment of refugee children in the region. \n\nDemand-driven challenges include hesitancy to enroll due to expectations of returning to their home countries, bullying, la", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey on education and parenting", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re now strong among both county leadership and local communities. A notable development is enhanced support from national agencies to counties, which has improved collaboration and coordination among these agencies. The  >>> November 2025 ISM <<<  also highlighted emerging synergies at the county level between FLLoCA and other Bank-funded agricultural projects, such as connections between FLLoCAsupported apiary and dairy groups and producer organizations or SACCOs established under the National Agriculture Value Chain Dev", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "November 2025 ISM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|0.63|0.64|\n|Improved sanitation facility|0.24|0.16|0.12|0.20|0.20|0.17|0.13|0.26|0.16|0.20|\n|Access to electricity|0.48|0.30|0.31|0.27|0.21|0.28|0.31|0.31|0.26|0.20|\n\nSource: International Urban Poverty Database. Note:  >>> GHSPOP 1km <<<  is used for the DOU and DB methods. Poverty is measured using the $2.15 poverty line.\n\n66", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GHSPOP 1km", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "earch intensity for \u201cairport.\u201d Figure 3: Daily passenger volumes at U.S. TSA checkpoints and Google search data for MarchMay 2019 and 2020 We conduct a similar validation exercise for hotel and restaurant services using  >>> restaurant reservations data from OpenTable <<< .<sup>9</sup> The dataset contains information on daily restaurant reservations at OpenTable network restaurants in seven countries (Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, Mexico, the United Kingdom, and the United States). The OpenTable data for 2020 are given in percentage change", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "restaurant reservations data from OpenTable", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the month of June, July and August. The mean annual rainfall is about 78.9 mm and the rainfall intensity per unit time in the months of July and August is 29.3 and 34.8 mm/day, respectively. \n\n### **Temperature** \n\nThe  >>> monthly mean temperature record of Awassa <<<  varies between 19.2<sup>0</sup> c and 20.8<sup>0</sup> c with annual mean temperature close to 20<sup>0</sup> c implying tropical or kola temperature condition. \n\nKola zone covers about 24.8% of the hinterland with warm to hot climatic conditions. Woina dega agro-climatic zone c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "monthly mean temperature record of Awassa", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hers (World Bank, 2022). Evidence shows that using alternative data and risk assessments results in lenders extending more loans to low-income borrowers. For example, studies in the United States suggests that including  >>> data on past utility and telecom payments <<<  in risk assessments reduced the share of adults that were assessed as having no credit score from 12 percent to just 2 percent (Turner et al., 2012; Turner and Varghese 2010). In China, an alternative data model resulted in increased credit access for borrowers who either would ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on past utility and telecom payments", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cal findings in Section 3.1 documented education and social identity to be key predictors of non-farm employment for rural workers. In particular, while secondary educa-\n\n> 8 We use district-level rainfall data from the  >>> ICRISAT <<<  between 1975 and 2014 to assess the long-term district-specific distribution of annual rainfall.\n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ICRISAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h mobile<br>banking as well as extensive work on reducing unpaid<br>bills have contributed a lot for the increase in revenue<br>collection of AAWSA|\n|**8.2**|Secondary Cities (Percentage)|||81|95|87.89%|94%|Based on the  >>> compiled baseline data for SCs <<< , total billed<br>amount from the 22 SC is about 2098 million Birr while<br>1844 million Birr has been collected. During the mission<br>billing and accounting system establishment contract is<br>signed for 22 SCs and is expected to enhance utilities<br>collection efficiency.|\n|**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "compiled baseline data for SCs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and it ranks 146 out of 182 on the  >>> 2020 vulnerability index <<<   of the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN), which measures a country\u2019s exposure, sensitivity, and ability to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change.<sup>32</sup> This index summarizes and ranks countries in terms of their vulnerability to climate change a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2020 vulnerability index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "construction planned under INPRES reported in Duflo (2001), which identifies the number of schools to be built in each district after 1974. We merge this district-level data to our working sample of 2,118 mothers in the  >>> ECED data <<< . Appendix Table A1 reports descriptive statistics for the districts on Duflo (2001) data as well as for districts of birth captured in the working sample.\n\nIt is clear from these figures that our working sample represents a set of districts that had a 6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ECED data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mally distributed error term. nn bb bb . . . bb \u03b5\u03b5 <u>Dependent variable</u> For the dependent variable, we use the logarithm of the average monthly wage within the past year from a person\u2019s primary job (variable in the  >>> RLMS data set <<< ). If a person had an additional job, the maximum wage value among the two (variables and ) was selected for the analysis. In the waves from 1994 to 1996, the question mentioned above was absent; for those JJ13.2 waves, we exploited a variable about the average amount of money ea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RLMS data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The Welfare of Syrian Refugees: Evidence from Jordan and Lebanon \n\n**154** \n\nFigure 5.1 (panel b) also reveals that the expenditure distribution of the  >>> LB-Verif data <<<  dominates the other distributions according to the criterion of first-order stochastic dominance. This means that the welfare of refugees in this data set is unequivocally higher along all the distribution as compared to the welfare of the other groups of refugees. This is the c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-Verif data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "egular work pattern. There is little evidence that respondents are inferring their season-long labor based on their average weekly labor at the harvest, the scaled total of which is much higher than the reported data in  >>> recall NPS <<<  and recall ALT. Nor does it appear that respondents are making inferences based on their busiest week, the totals of which would be two or three times higher than those reported in the recall survey designs. Instead, although none of these reference periods", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "recall NPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " The evaluation was conducted using 2017 prices and assuming a 20-year lifetime, a 6 percent discount rate, and an exchange rate of UGX 3,596 to US$1. \n\n### **_Current Situation of Water Service_** \n\n7. According to the  >>> 2015 National Service Delivery Survey <<<  (NSDS), about 25 percent of the population in the dry season and 13 percent of the population in the wet season relies on unprotected/unsafe water sources. Less than 20 percent obtains drinking water from piped systems or public taps. About 50 percent relies on boreholes, protec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2015 National Service Delivery Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ommended and must be combined with sanitation improvements. \n\n##### **Nutrition** \n\nNearly 30% of Kenya\u2019s children are classified as undernourished and micro-nutrient deficiencies are widespread. According to the latest  >>> KDHS report <<<  (2008-09), 34% of children below 5 years of age in western region, including Siaya34% of the population are food poor. According to the Health Officer report this is a challenge due to poverty and inadequate food particularly for children. In response to this they have started a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KDHS report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nditions. We answer this question making use of detailed information from three surveys. Our analysis includes the number of hours worked (from RLMS), whether the worker has a set or contracted number of hours (from the  >>> ESS <<< ), and whether the worker would like to work more hours (from the LiTS). Using number of hours worked, we define binary variables that are equal to one if the worker reports to have worked less than 20 hours per week or more than 50 hours per week. Additional measures of work con", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ESS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_ \n\n|**District**|**Number of Households**|**Males**|**Females**|**Total**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Kisoro**|413|908|972|**1,880**|\n|**Kanungu**|165|385|391|**776**|\n|**Total**|**578**|**1,293**|**1,363**|**2,656**|\n\n\n\n >>> National census data from 2014 <<<  indicated a total of 6,200 Batwa in Uganda, which decreased by 38% to 3,857 in the 2024 census. These variations in population estimates suggest that available data on Batwa populations in Uganda is of limited reliability. \n\n### **Batwa Population in Bwindi** \n\nThe Batwa that li", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National census data from 2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation Units;</u>** \n\nBecause of the high fluorides  of water in both the Kihoto boreholes and Police line borehole that is at 6.4mg/l and 7.5mg/l respectively beyond the required NEMA standard of 1.5mg/l as shown in the  >>> Water results <<<  below. This necessitated the need to come up with  two()2 Defluoridation systems one with capacity of 37 m3/hr and the other with 27 m3/hr have been proposed, one in police line and another in Kihoto Borehole. **<u>The Design of Defluoridation unit</u>** They are designed to tre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Water results", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hese advantages, Internet surveys conducted with RDIT could be biased because of nonprobability-based sampling.</mark><sup>5</sup> <mark>To better understand these biases, we take two approaches to assess the quality of  >>> internet survey <<<  estimates. The first approach compares time-invariant measures, particularly demographic variables, calculated from the online surveys to nationally representative surveys collected prior to the crisis, contained in the World Bank\u2019s Global Monitoring Database (GMD). The results ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "internet survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rom the 2004 and 2015 population censuses; (b) housing and living conditions from the 2010 and 2016 waves of the Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey; and (3) housing conditions and rent from the 2006 and 2013 rounds of the  >>> Jordan Household Expenditure and Income Survey <<< . \n\nTo measure housing quality, the authors construct a housing quality index (HQI), considering: type of floor type, type of water facility, type of heating, type of sewage, and garbage disposal method. \n\nMain findings: \n\n\u2022 **The Syrian refugee influx had a negative impact on ho", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Jordan Household Expenditure and Income Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Figure 1: Weighted actual and forecast GDP growth,  >>> firm-level data <<<  <!-- Start of picture text --> 2006 2010 2014 2018<br>30<br>20<br>10<br>percentage points<br>0<br>-10<br><!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Figure depicts means and ranges of weighted actual GDP growth (in gray) and forecast GDP growth (in black) at the firm-level, using the es", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Comments**:**|The baseline estima<br>actual baseline valu<br>achieved 67% and t|te comes from the CT-OVC pi<br>e from the 2012 impact evalua<br>he indicator was therefore ove|lot districts in 2009. The 201<br>tion. The  >>> end-line survey <<<  ha<br>rachieved.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "end-line survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<!-- Start of picture text --> Most problematic factors for doing DUSINESS source: word coonome Forum,  >>> Executive Opinion Survey <<<  2017<br>Corruption 15.1<br>Inefficient government bureaucracy 13.8<br>Access to financing 11.4<br>Tax rates 10.8<br>inadequately educated workforce 10.3<br>Insufficient capacity to innovate 8.1<br>Tax regulations 59<br>Inadequate supply of infrastructure 54<br>Poor work ethic in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Executive Opinion Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4.9|0.5|5.4|\n|4+|5.4|0.7|6|\n|Total|96.4|3.6|100|\n|||_Poverty rate_||\n|0|61.8|77.7|61.8|\n|1|74.6|69|74.1|\n|2|82.5|78.9|82.1|\n|3|88.7|93.4|89.2|\n|4+|95.2|96.5|95.3|\n|Total|68.7|80.9|69.2|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ Estimations based on  >>> JD-HV2 data <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g cycle in the data set. The regression is weighted by sampling probabilities and clustered at the town and village level.\n\n# **Table 7: Relationship between temperature, humidity and demand for energy services based on  >>> appliance ownership and usage data <<< **\n\n|Dependent var: log(predicted dailyconsumption)<br>||\n|---|---|\n|Log (average temperature over billing cycle)|0.262***<br>(0.0624)|\n|Log (average rainfall over billing cycle)|-0.0554***<br>(0.0134)|\n|Constant|-0.0154<br>(0.233)|\n|Observations<br>R-squared|3,828<br>0.010|\n|Rob", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "appliance ownership and usage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " services, while also incorporating new modules on social cohesion, community engagement, and civic participation to better understand the broader integration of the Shona into Kenyan society. The  >>> 2024 survey <<<  provides rich insights into the Shona\u2019s post-citizenship journey and the challenges and opportunities they face as newly recognized citizens of Kenya. \n\nThe findings are complemented by the 2019 household survey of the Shona community, conducted jointly by UNHCR and the World Ba", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2024 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " number of schools received by one district. For the sake of parsimony, only intercept, linear, and quadratic terms are reported in this table; full table, with all coefficients, is available upon request. Data sources:  >>> Indonesia\u2019s full count census 2000 <<<  and Duflo (2001).\n\n58", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indonesia\u2019s full count census 2000", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ogram has suffered from a combination of low benefits, poor targeting, and inefficient administrative and operational processes resulting in chronically low coverage of the poor and little impact on overall poverty. The  >>> 2007 Poverty Assessment <<<  concluded that the SWF covered only 13 percent of the poorest population and nearly twothirds of beneficiaries were not poor, according to the national poverty line. \n\n109. **As** a result of these findings, the GOY has authorized a program of fundamental reforms to SWF, includi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2007 Poverty Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ultation process. \n\n###### **9.4 Cut-Off Date** \n\nThe cut-off date is the time when the PAHs and their properties are assessed. No person will be eligible for houses built and crops sown in the Subproject area after the  >>> census and inventory of assets <<< . The establishment of a cut-off date is required to prevent opportunistic invasions/ rush migration into the chosen land areas thereby posing a risk. Therefore, establishment of a cut-off date is of critical importance. \n\nThis RP has applied a cut-off-date procedure in line with", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census and inventory of assets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Horn of Africa in over 25 years\u2014 represents an unprecedented threat to food security and livelihoods in the region and could lead to further suffering, displacement, and potential conflict. According to the most recent  >>> FAO desert locust situation update <<< ,<sup>5</sup> some of the swarms in Kenya are expected to migrate northwards across South Sudan to the summer breeding areas in Sudan. The expanding swarms could affect more than 2.7 million people, many living in areas with severe food insecurity and in need of humanitarian assi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "FAO desert locust situation update", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e the remaining houses and related structures of 6.3% of the PAHs will be impacted by the construction of the new Chelenko and Haromaya Substations \n\n###### **_Impact on Fruit Crops and Perennial Crops_** \n\nBased on the  >>> census and enumeration result <<<  a total of 26,035 different sizes and species of perennial crops and fruit trees belongs to 198 households would be permanently removed by the Subproject components. (162 HHs by Subproject RoW & tower pad installation and 36 HHs by the construction of the two new substations). O", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census and enumeration result", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " souvent en collaboration avec des partenaires internationaux, ont men\u00e9 plusieurs op\u00e9rations militaires contre les groupes arm\u00e9s afin de r\u00e9tablir la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 dans les zones en conflit. On note \u00e0 cet effet, \u00e0 travers les  >>> donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection <<< , que **14 171 violations de droits humains** ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9es durant la p\u00e9riode sous revue (octobre 2024-mars 2025) contre **15 815 violations d\u2019octobre 2023 \u00e0 mars 2024** soit une r\u00e9duction de 10% entre les deux p\u00e9riodes comparatives. Malgr\u00e9 ces efforts, la situation s\u00e9curita", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "80 was in respect of a contract for supply, installation, testing commissioning, training, warranty, and maintenance of two (2) optical fibre networks (backbone access) along the Eldoret, Ndapal, Nakodok Road. Review of  >>> financial records <<<  revealed that the contract was awarded on **3** June, 2020 at a contract sum of \n\n_Report of the Auditor-General on Eastern Africa Regional Transport, Trade and Development Facilitation Project DA Credit No. 5638-KE) for the year ended_ **_30_** _June,_ **_2023 -_** _Information", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "financial records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " group<br>Unskilled Rest Children Rest<br>Pre-crisis Pov. Sim. Pov Pre-crisis Pov. Sim. Pov<br>20 40<br>15 30<br>10 20<br>poverty rate<br>5 10<br>0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors calculations based on  >>> 2006 EU-SILC <<< .\n\n**Figure 5:  Growth incidence curve for Latvia: Percentage increase in per capita household income between 2008 and 2009**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 0 20 40 60 80 100<br>Percentile<br>Densely populated area Thinly populated area<br>All<br>0<br>-10<br>-20<br>-30<br><!-- E", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 EU-SILC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "verage shares are reported for the sake of clarity. Source: Own calculations based on Source: Own calculations based on Ethiopia - High Frequency Phone Survey (2020-2023); Malawi - High-Frequency Phone Survey 2020-2024;  >>> Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey <<<  2020-2021. Datasets downloaded from https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/hfps/?page=1&ps=15&repo=hfps on January 2, 2024\n\n# **5. Empirical analysis and discussion**\n\n# **5.1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ted with GDP in developing countries (Donaldson and Storeygard 2016, Henderson et al. 2012). In South Asia, this high correlation holds even at the subnational level (Beyer et al. 2018). It has also been documented that  >>> data from mobile phone records <<<  can be exploited to understand a large array of social phenomena from land use to wealth and asset distribution to traditional measures of firm activity (Pei et al. 2014, Blumenstock et al. 2015, Blumenstock et al. 2018), among others. And the land surface devoted to poppy culti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from mobile phone records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "18 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018<br><!-- End of picture text --> Note: This figure compares year-end values of world international investment positions for the  >>> bilateral data <<<  constructed in the paper and the country-level data constructed by Lane and Milesi-Ferretti (2018). Bilateral data are at the country-pair level and we obtain country-level data by aggregating values for each source country to all destination countries per year. For each year, w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bilateral data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Lack of value for money (iv) <mark>Lack of authenticity for payment made leading to loss of public funds. (v</mark> i) Enrolment numbers at the school did not tally with  >>> NEMIS data <<<  which was the basis by which capitation funds were disbursed. (vii) Weakness in accountability of capitation grants: - cash books not updated, no payment vouchers to support payments (viii) some schools unable to account for rice received under school feeding program \n\n35. **<ma", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NEMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "men, children, elderly persons, and persons with disabilities \u2013 access to information and opportunities to impart information to other members of the community or humanitarian partners. \n\nIn June 2020, UNHCR conducted a  >>> survey <<<  to assess the quality and impact of its engagement with communities and identify areas for improvement. This abstract presents the key findings of the study and recommendations to address the gaps identified and better support effective two-way communication between UNHCR and it", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ative archives from 1980 to 2019. Section III uses tweets in Arabic and text analysis techniques to understand the population's engagement and support for economic reforms. Section IV provides a similar analysis using a  >>> large data set of newspaper articles <<<  on economic reforms in English and Arabic. Finally, Section V concludes.\n\nSection II reveals that reform efforts have intensified in recent years. The number of laws and decrees passed in the GCC has been quickly rising, driven partly by GCC countries\u2019 efforts to diversify their", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "large data set of newspaper articles", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "For the case of those who agree that men should have more right to a job, according to data from the  >>> World Values Survey <<<  combined with other demographic characteristics from the LFS, we find that men\u2019s labor force status is not very sensitive to any of the covariates, relative to the effect on women\u2019s, which we interpret as male labor force supply being inelastic. The effect of the number of child", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Values Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "m and aggregate DVAR in exports.\n\nThe rest of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 covers the background of HSR development in China. Section 3 introduces the new approach to estimate firm-level DVAR using only  >>> customs transaction data <<< , and section 4 details the empirical specifications and variable measurements. Section 5 presents the effects of HSR expansion on firms\u2019 DVAR, along with robustness checks. The model is outlined in section 6, and conclusions are drawn in section 7. The Appendix provides a detail", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "customs transaction data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " As discussed in the section on Data and Methodology, we exclude from our estimation sample all barangays that received project inputs prior to the baseline Round 1 data collection.\n\n9 This classification was based on a  >>> list of program barangays <<<  provided by the Project Management Office (PMO) and verified with the DSWD field offices in the respective areas.\n\n8", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "list of program barangays", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> Gallup World Poll <<<  2020.<sup>17</sup> Overall, the correlation with our data is strong, assuring us that, at least in this vein, our sample is not unrepresentative. The WVS and Gallup World Poll have a lower coverage globally and include fewer countries in Sub-Saharan Africa than the Gender Equali", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gallup World Poll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nstruction, wholesale, retail, and other services). The greatest disparity in terms of sector ranking is for Food, Drink, and Tobacco and Wood, Paper, Publishing, and Printing. On the whole, the model, which is based on  >>> wave 1 data <<<  produces a closer alignment to wave 1 surveymeasured projections than we obtain when we use the same model to predict sector-level job losses forward to wave 2.\n\n_Table 5-8 Jordan: Model-Predicted versus Survey-Measured Projections of Sector-Level PFPS Jobs Losses, Wave 1 / Summ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "wave 1 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ensus provides information on primary school enrolment, the availability of nursery classrooms, and the number of pre-school classrooms, which we use as control.\n\n_Childbearing data_ Data on birth outcomes come from the  >>> microdata of Brazilian vital statistics <<< , which cover approximately 45 million births occurring between 1997 and 2009. Vital statistics data are based on birth certificates issued by health institutions or midwifes attending homebirths and are collected through the states\u2019 health secretariats. The vital statistics micr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "microdata of Brazilian vital statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cient loanable funds for livelihoods credit beneficiaries; (v) low enrolment in the Community Based Health Insurance (CBHI) scheme; and (vi) achieving Performance Based Conditions. \n\n<mark>8. The PSNP\u2019s rating, based on  >>> World Bank implementation support ratings <<<  during this period are as follows:</mark> \n\n|**Project Ratings**|**Previous**|**Current**|\n|---|---|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank implementation support ratings", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rticularly pertinent for organisations that have quickly scaled up the size and scope of their operations to respond to the needs of new humanitarian caseloads (Oxfam, 2017). \n\n###### **SURVEY FINDINGS: CAPACITY** \n\nThe  >>> online survey <<<  asked respondents to indicate whether their partnership agreements with national and local actors include a dedicated budget for capacity strengthening and organisational development. As Figure 8 shows, in the case of both government and civil society actors, the majority of par", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "online survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ffing** \n\n57. At visited entities, staff are placed as per the recent job-related reform-Job Evaluation and Grading (JEG). The following are staffing issues noted during the assessment: \n\n58. **_Financial management:_**  >>> Staff data <<<  (allowed staff number and actually available, vacant position, education qualification) for budget, account, property management and internal audit sections has been collected and attached in Annex 4. The summary shows that the structure has been fully filled at 32% of the visit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Staff data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g. Similar to the construction of the other technology variables, we create a binary variable equal to 1 for firms using AI in either of these forms and zero otherwise.\n\nThe matched employer-employee data comes from the  >>> Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings <<< , provided by the ONS, and comprises panel data on the wages of 1% of UK workers. Since the data is a sample of workers, this prevents us aggregating to the firm-level, and limits us to worker-level analysis. We examine the demand for workers that perform data analytics (or busin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "unit based on ground-truthing results, as many land cover units are comprised of both modified and natural habitat \n\nTable 3 Calculation of modified and natural habitat extent along the Masaka-Mutukula TL route based on  >>> CCI Map of Africa 2016 <<<  (20 meter resolution) and ground truthing \n\n|**Landcover Unit**|**Land cover**|**Correctio**<br>|**n**<sup>**Note (a)**</sup><br>|**Estimated Habit**<br>|**at Extent (ha)**<br>|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CCI Map of Africa 2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is, given an initial employment shock _x_ 0, thereafter _xt_ +1 = _xt \u00d7 \u03c1_ . Based on  >>> employment data from across the OECD <<< , we calculate a proportional factor of _\u03c1_ = 0 _._ 7143 (see Web Appx. Section D).\n\nOf course such an economy would never fully recover: even though lim _t\u2192\u221e xt_ , we would still have that _xt >_ 0 _\u2200t_ . Having a date at which the recovery is complete is necessary to distinguis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "employment data from across the OECD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 3. Data\n\nThe analysis in this paper is based on an extended database of 30 major resource-backed loans. These loans cover the period 2004-2018 across Sub-Saharan Africa, covering 11 countries. This database builds on a  >>> data set of RBLs <<<  first published by NRGI (2020) which itself built primarily on the Johns Hopkins SAIS China-Africa Research Initiative\u2019s (CARI) data set on Chinese lending to Africa.4\n\n> 4 CARI-BU (2021) https://chinaafricaloandata.bu.edu/\n\n4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data set of RBLs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ive or Descendant (Census 2010)<br>Parolin et al (2019) Avena et al (2012) Corach et al (2010) Wang et al (2008)<br>80<br>60<br>40<br>20<br>Average Native Genetic Ancestry<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Sources:_  >>> REDATAM INDEC Census Argentina <<<  (Instituto Nacional de Estad \u0301\u0131stica y Censos, 2010), Parolin et al. (2019), Avena et al. (2012), Corach et al. (2010) and Wang et al. (2008). _Notes:_ NEA (Northeast of Argentina) includes the provinces of Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes, and Misiones.\n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "REDATAM INDEC Census Argentina", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o an increase of 9.4 percent in rural areas over the same period.<sup>**5**</sup> \n\n5. **Ethiopia is emerging from one of the most devastating periods of conflict the country has seen in recent years.** According to the  >>> Damage Needs Assessment <<< <sup>6</sup> , more than US$22.6 billion in damages and US$6 billion in losses had been caused across sectors and regions due to multiple conflicts from November 2020 to December 2021. On November 2, 2022, a peace agreement was reached between the Government of Ethiopia and the r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Damage Needs Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### **Table 15. Others of concern to UNHCR, 2006** \n\n**Source:  >>> 2006 ASR <<< . Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.** **<u>N.B.</u> This table does not include stateless persons. See Table 14 for an overview of stateless persons.** \n\n|Country<br>of||Pop. sta|rt-2006<br>_of which:_<br>_UNHCR-_|Pop. en|d-2006<br>_of which:_", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 ASR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ralize to all developing countries. In 24 countries in the HIT data set tariff protection is pro-rich (and liberalization, pro-poor).\n\nOne simple way to assess how much we can gain by exploiting the heterogeneity in the  >>> household surveys <<<  is to compute the gains from trade using aggregate price changes", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "---|---|---|---|\n|Estonia|0.47|0.64|0.17|\n|Slovenia|0.47|0.58|0.11|\n|Armenia|0.26|0.37|0.11|\n\nSource: Authors\u2018 calculations based on  >>> Maddison data <<< .\n\n10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Maddison data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion, acquired the full range of the protection and legal rights of the host country. Resettlement of refugees in third countries is a key protection tool and an important mechanism for sharing responsibilities. \n\n> 12 A  >>> census conducted in Armenia <<< , among Armenian refugees from Azerbaijan, established that the majority of those refugees had either naturalized in Armenia or left the country. \n\n**_7_**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census conducted in Armenia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of head of household for India (the 2018 survey dataset from India did not include this information), whereas the analysis in 2017 did include this information (based on a 2011 survey dataset for India); and 4. For the  >>> 2017 dataset for Nigeria <<<  all households were coded as being female headed, significantly skewing the results. This highlights the challenge of relying on self-reported headship to understand gender differences in poverty, as it can hide important differences in the types of households in which individua", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2017 dataset for Nigeria", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "egional State** \n\nThe Benishangul-Gumuz Region is located in the western part of Ethiopia. The Amhara, Oromia and Gambella Regional States are bordering the region in the north, east and south respectively. Based on the  >>> 2017 Population Projection of Ethiopia CSA <<< , the Benishangul Gumuz Region has a total population of 1,066, 001 (541,002 men and 524,999 women). 836,000 (78.40 percent) of the population inhabits in the rural parts of the region whereas 230,000 (21.60%) population live in the town (Assosa town). With an estimated area of 5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2017 Population Projection of Ethiopia CSA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s a positive trend post-2008 in both variables presumably due to greater use of the digital system, but they do not allow us to reject equality of trends in Eastern Province and the rest of the country based on existing  >>> registry data <<< . We thus have no basis to assume that the time pattern of large farm establishment outside of Eastern Province is different from that found here. With only 3% of farms reporting to have acquired more land (through rental or sale) after\n\n> 21 While there are some discrepancies be", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "registry data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "holds_** \n\nInformation on population of the project area was gathered by members of the working groups during the resource mapping exercise with the assistance of the local administration. The tables below summarize the  >>> population data <<< . \n\n**Table 4.1:** Population Size & Number of Households of Villages within Machungulu Sub-location \n\n|**Village**|**No of households**|**Population**|**% Population**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Mboroko|100|500|**11**|\n|Kavita|90|450|**10**|\n|Losongo|120|600|**13**|\n|Karama|140|700|**1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e central government. Partnerships and support take the form of technical, operational, financial and staffing inputs from UN agencies, and international and national NGOs. These inputs are systematically tracked by the  >>> Public Institutions Support Tracking <<<  (PIST) initiative, which publishes regular updates on the support provided by LCRP partners and the results achieved (InterAgency Coordination Lebanon, 2017). Successive PIST reports demonstrate that the amount of international assistance channeled to or through public instituti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Public Institutions Support Tracking", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "art of picture text --> \u22120.5 0.0 0.5 1.0<br>Change in Production Connectivity<br>4<br>3<br>2<br>1<br>0<br>Change in GDP synchronization<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Figure 4.** WDR 2020 team, based on World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development Indicators <<<  (database) and World Integrated Trade Solution (database). Note: Each dot represents a pair of regions\u2014for example, East Asia and Pacific and Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America and Caribbean and South Asia are two different observations). The horizontal axis measures the chan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "With respect to out-of-pocket spending on services, among villages included in the  >>> population surveys <<<  with a voucher client who delivered most recently at a private facility, the proportion of respondents who paid for the services declined by 44 percentage points between 2008 and 2010\u201311 (table 5). In villages with no voucher client at follow-up, the proportion of women who deli", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eline (having steady work that they were doing regularly), and 65 percent of men and 56 percent of women worked in a given week over the\n\n> 7 While these reports are suggestive of the typical length of an illness, these  >>> daily data <<<  are less suitable for precisely isolating illness shocks, given that we can identify illness only in days in which the individual was planning to work but did not.  That is, a series of several consecutive days off would only appear if each day after the original illness shock, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "daily data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r sector of society (such as women, people with disability or the elderly) that is at higher risk in periods of economic hardships. In order to prioritize selected of vulnerable applicants, the Project will leverage the  >>> database of NAF <<< . More detailed", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of NAF", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " FA, then two necessary conditions should hold. First, there should be no bunching in the distribution of the _SISBEN_ score around the eligibility threshold. Figure 2 shows the histograms for all the individuals in the  >>> SISBEN data base <<<  (top graph), and in our matched sample for men and women (bottom left) and for women only (bottom right). By design of the proxy-means test algorithm, the distribution is bimodal and the overall distribution is very similar to the one in our matched sample. Furthermore, the dens", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SISBEN data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "National Adaptation Plan to Climate Change (2018-2020) and updated the plan (2024-2028) to mitigate the detrimental impacts of climate change on health and subsequently revised it (2024-2028) based on the finding of the  >>> Ethiopia Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment <<<  (CHVA) to effectively address emerging issues. \n\nPage 6 \n\nFeb 29, 2024", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Ethiopia Climate and Health Vulnerability Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ublic health investments to curb the pandemic and collapse in revenues due to slower economic activity. The rise in debt may further disrupt the formal private sector in developing economies. Using two to three waves of  >>> panel firm-level data <<<  across developing economies, this study finds that higher public debt is correlated with low investment by formal private sector firms. The finding is largely driven by small and medium-size enterprises, domestic firms, and non-exporters\u2014raising concerns about the distributional", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(e.g. the Institutional Profiles Database and the  >>> Cingranelli-Richards Human Rights Database <<< ), or because the methodology of the data source has changed so that it no longer meets the criteria for inclusion in the WGI (e.g. selected components of the Heritage Foundation Index of Economic Freedom, or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development Transition Indicto", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Cingranelli-Richards Human Rights Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t to some extent.\n\nThe question on the reason behind not receiving government support was not implemented in either round of the COV-ES in Georgia. In the absence of other alternatives, to supplement the analysis of the  >>> Georgia data <<<  performed on the full sample, we restrict the sample using the question about the government support itself. Recall that whether the firm received any government support has three response categories: Yes, No but expect to receive it in the next three months, and No. As an alter", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Georgia data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d might become a common feature in the post Covid-19 world. To advance knowledge and inform policy advice, this paper presents a new database on interest rate controls, a popular form of financial repression, based on a  >>> survey of 108 countries <<< , representing 88 percent of global gross domestic product. The data cover such aspects of interest rate controls as types of controls, legal basis, intended objectives, methodologies, and enforcement rules. In an attempt to provide a meaningful characterization of the data, the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of 108 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (November 2013) and midline (November 2016) surveys of 2,398 WEDP enterprises in six cities, including enterprises that had accessed WEDP services and those that had not. \n\nActual (Current) figures represent data from  >>> midline survey <<<  (Nov 2016). Baseline figures have been updated slightly in order to match the same firms measured in the midline, since some firms which hadn't accessed WEDP services at the time of the baseline have now accessed services and need to be included in the baseline figure. \n\n\uf075 Incre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "midline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hey are highlighted to be particularly procyclical in the recent literature (Arezki and Bruckner, 2012; Konuki and Villafuerte, 2016):\n\n1. Resource-dependent countries are countries for which commodity revenues (GGRC in  >>> WEO data set <<< ) account for at least 10 percent of total revenues minus grants (GGR and GGRG series in WEO data set) at least 50 percent of the time over the considered period. This definition is derived from Konuki and Villafuerte (2016) and enables us to capture countries with a resourcedepe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WEO data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "project estimated job losses at the firm level onto  >>> labor force survey data <<<  for the first round of data (CFUWBES1) and apportion realized outcomes to groups of workers. Then, since risks are inherently a forward-looking concept, we predict job losses into the near-term future using a subsequent round of the CFUWBES (CFUWBES2) and then compare the predic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor force survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ngs 8%<br>Children are working 7%<br>Other 6%<br>Selling assets 5%<br>Migration of one HH member 1%<br>Marriage under 18 0%<br>Accept risky or illegal jobs 0%<br>0% 20% 40% 60%<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n* Source:  >>> Solidarit\u00e9s International assessment <<<  - January 2014 \n\nWFP\u201fs Assistance (E-card/Food) Post Distribution Monitoring survey showed that relying on less preferred and less expensive food (87%) and limiting portion size at meals (67%) were the two main coping strategies overall.  Additionally, the PDM showed that househ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Solidarit\u00e9s International assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " employ registered workers.\n\n# 3.2. The Turkish Household Labor Force Survey\n\nTo assess the impacts of the minimum wage on informal employment and total employment, we complement our causal analysis (which relies on the  >>> EIS registry <<< ) with data from a nationally representative survey. This allows us to gain insights into whether workers who lost their formal jobs due to firm destruction following the raising of the minimum wage remained formally employed, transitioned into informal employment, or became unem", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EIS registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **5. Concluding remarks**\n\nThis paper provides new evidence on the positive impacts of mobile broadband coverage on household consumption and poverty status in Nigeria. Unlike previous studies, it uses a  >>> data set <<<  that is nationally representative with detailed data on consumption and living standards, which tracks households over time and matches them with precise mobile broadband coverage data from operators. It finds that mobile broadband coverage had positive and significant impacts o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he regional refugee instruments, but UNHCR\u2019s broader mandate criteria are to some extent textually distinct. Also, as discussed earlier, until July 2014, UNHCR was responsible for conducting RSD. In this sense, although  >>> UNHCR\u2019s data <<< base records the OAU Convention\u2019s broader criteria as the basis for recognition (and indeed, Kenya was a party to that Convention and a domestic refugee law which incorporated the broader refugee criteria had been in force since 2006), perhaps UNHCR\u2019s database should have recorde", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR\u2019s data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Total**|**499,834.57**|\n\n\n\nThe grant closure amount due to the World Bank amounting to<sup>**USD267,699.57**wasrefundedbacktothe</sup> grant on 24 May **2019.** After the refund, below is the final extract<sup>fromthe' >>> ClientConnection <<< 'systemon</sup><sup>**6**</sup> June **2019.** \n\n|**1**|Goods|**137,648.00**|**137,627.65**|**20.35**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|2|ConsultantServices|**379,547.00**|243,054.01|**136,492.99**|\n|**3**|ManagementandCoordinationFees|**1,118,158.00**|**1,032,627.18**|**85,530.82**|\n|4|Tr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ClientConnection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "percent higher using the survey expenditure shares. However, this calculation abstracts from the fact that the composition within the **26** various groups of expenditure may differ significantly between the CPI and the  >>> household surveys <<< , as the discussion of the composition of the food subcomponent, below, illustrates.\n\nA second shortcoming of the INS CPI series is that there is no CPI series for the rural areas. To deflate expenditures in the household surveys, INS constructed a deflator for each region for 19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ket inventory. Therefore, the value of the property is the sum of the current value of the construction, the good name of the trade, and land value. \n\nCase2: Value of property may be determined based on a research using  >>> broker\u2019s data <<<  for the value of property in an area where the property is located; or the property may be auctioned to determine its real market value. \n\nThe principle used for property valuation in cases where the property is to be demolished is the cost replacement method. This method is use", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "broker\u2019s data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the municipal level. The improvement due to using AGEB rather than municipal variation is much larger for male LFP, which is harder to predict, than for female LFP.\n\nIn short, the results support the use of augmenting  >>> survey data <<<  with geospatial data when estimating state-level statistics and when estimating municipality-level female and male labor force participation rates. When estimating municipal unemployment rates, however, the estimates are not reliable because the sample contains insufficient info", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "senting 37 percent of the national market, with over 8 million unique subscribers. The methodology fused CDR data with data from public transport validations (the SUBTE smart card in Buenos Aires) and publicly available  >>> household mobility survey data from 2010/2018 <<<  - _Encuestas de Movilidad Domiciliaria_ (ENMODO). In addition, the analysis incorporates", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household mobility survey data from 2010/2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d projections of inflation E _\ud461 \ud70b\ud456,\ud461_ +2 due to data availability. The robustness check examines the nominal interest rate as well.\n\n> 14Moreover, real-time vintages of data could affect long-term interest rates because  >>> fiscal data <<<  have been revised largely (De Castro et al. (2013)).\n\n> 15While Arslanalp and Tsuda (2014b) provide foreign holdings share of central government debt securities denominated in local currency for emerging markets,Arslanalp and Tsuda (2014a) do not have the corresponding ratio in ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fiscal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d financial interests by public officials for the purpose of its investigations. It can also mobilize the technical expertise or assistance of other oversight authorities, such as the Audit Bureau. \n\n**23. Regarding the  >>> 2022 Corruption Perception Index <<<  (CPI), Jordan ranks 61 worldwide with a score of 47, which is 12 points lower than in 2021 (58).** Jordan ranked fourth among the Arab countries after the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The GOJ launched several initiatives to strengthen the rule of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2022 Corruption Perception Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "? We test the quality of our data by generating aggregates from our  >>> microdata <<<  and comparing them with information from the Brazilian Public Sector Accounting and Tax Information System ( _Sistema de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Cont\u00e1beis e Fiscais do Setor P\u00fablico Brasileiro_ , SICONFI), a dataset maintained by the National Treasury to \u201cfacilitate the production and analy", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ds. I dropped 12 such observations to reach a working sample of 4,783 households.<sup>19</sup> Table 1 displays summary statistics of selected variables. I determined migration status (shown in columns 2 and 3) from the  >>> 2003 KMS <<<  reports of household members who migrated for work between the 1998 and 2003 survey rounds. In addition, questions in the 2003 KMS enable one to determine the length of time a given household member spent abroad or in another Indian state between survey rounds. I used this varia", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2003 KMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of leaks, illegal connections and marginal use (e.g. firefighting) \u2013 represents a large share of the facilities\u2019 revenues.\n\nUsing existing WTP estimates, and data on water outages in 123 countries from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Enterprise Survey <<< <sup>10</sup> , water interruptions are estimated to cost between 0.11-0.19% of GDP, ppp each year, what corresponds to USD 88 and 153 billion globally. The method of estimation comprises some limitations that increase uncertainty. First, the WTP used to assess the global cost ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sentatives who were tasked to participate in the fieldwork, as agreed in the initial consultations. \n\n   - ii. Household surveys with PAPs to collect information for the census and inventory of losses (IOL). \n\n   - iii.  >>> Replacement cost surveys <<<  carried out by the valuation team to establish market rates for affected assets as a basis for compensation. \n\n##### Details of the Census Field Activities are given below: \n\n##### **<u>Census and Inventory of Losses</u>** \n\nA field team conducted complete census and inventory o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Replacement cost surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ain to year-end 1994 for Indonesia and year-end 1991 for other countries. (2) For Singapore, Sri Lanka, Kenya and Malaysia, only national provident funds are covered.\n\nSources: World Bank, _Averting Old Age Crisis,_ and  >>> data supplied by the government <<< .\n\nGiven Indonesia's already high domestic saving rate, wider use of pensions may not make much of a difference in raising the volume of savings. Studies of pensions' impact on saving have not been conclusive, but they suggest that the overall effects are not large and depend on ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data supplied by the government", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Implementation Status & Results Report \n\n**The World Bank** Enhancing Shared Prosperity through Equitable Services (P151432) \n\n\n\n# ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<< ** \n\n# **Disbursements (by loan)** \n\n|Project|Loan/Credit/TF|Status|Currency|Original|Revised|Cancelled|Disbursed|Undisbursed|% Disbursed|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|P151432|IDA-57160|Effective|USD|600.00|600.00|0.00|597.66|5.92|99%|\n\n\n\n2/21/2020 \n\nPage 2 of 30", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the confidence intervals represent the percent deviation from the mean for these two variables.\n\nLooking through the figures, it is clear that the adjustments for bias result in substantially improved alignment with the  >>> LSMS-ISA survey <<<  point estimates and confidence intervals. Although the level of reduction in the bias achieved varies across indicators, the adjustment for nearly all indicators does result in a shift of HFPS estimates towards the LSMS-ISA. For many indicators, the reduction is the bias from th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LSMS-ISA survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup>\u2032</sup> | + (y(c) \u2212\u03b1)\u2032(B\u03a3B + \u03b2\u03b2)<sup>\u22121</sup> (y(c) \u2212\u03b1) Summing across all countries and maximizing with respect to the parameters delivers maximum likelihood estimates of \u03b1(k) , \u03b2(k) , and \u03c3<sup>2</sup> (k) for the  >>> representative data sources <<< .<sup>23</sup>\n\nIn the second step, we estimate the parameters for non-representative sources covering subgroups of countries with different geographical or income group coverage using a different approach. This is because we cannot assume that the unobserved distribution of gove", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "representative data sources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dy, most</u> older persons rely on their pensions from Ukraine (60%) and social protection or cash assistance in the host country (46%) to sustain themselves, indicating limited sources of income among these households.  >>> Data from protection monitoring <<<  also identifies that households comprised of older persons are more likely to reside in collective sites (25%) or be hosted by relatives (28%) and less likely to be renting their own accommodation than average, likely a reflection of the higher level of economic vulnerability of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data from protection monitoring", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Western Uganda_ , December 31, 2012. \n\n> 7 The  >>> 2011 Uganda DHS <<<  indicated that financial barrier was a critical factor that hinders poor women in rural areas to access maternal care services. According to the survey, 49 percent of women reported that getting money to seek health care services was a problem (53 percent among women in the rura", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2011 Uganda DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s, it will be covered in the news or announced in some other way that fDi Markets will be able to identify. We generate zero investment flows by doing the following: starting from the sample of countries included in the  >>> fDi Markets database <<< , we generate all possible source/destination pairs across the sample period 12", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fDi Markets database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a woman may prefer to have light in kitchen rather than in the bathroom. From the  >>> field survey <<< , it is evident that overall majority of the primary survey respondents were male with 80 % while the female were 20% (Figure: 3). In Uganda, decision making at household level is mainly done by men unless the household is headed by a woman. Therefore during implementation of the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "field survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ine phone_|_0.01_|_0.03_|_0.00_|_0.03_|_0.01_|_0.01_|_0.01_|_0.01_|_0.01_|_0.02_|_0.01_|\n|_Publicphone_|_0.01_|_0.05_|_0.03_|_0.03_|_0.01_|_0.02_|_0.01_|_0.01_|_0.03_|_0.01_|_0.00_|\n\n_Source:_ World Bank estimates using  >>> ENIGH 2014 <<< . _Note_ : Deciles based on household expenditure per capita.\n\n# **4.2. The market of corn products**\n\nCompetition in the food and agriculture markets is a key component in determining food security in developing economies. Market concentration in the food production chain has be", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ENIGH 2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " aged 15\u201319. Broken line shows linear fit weighted by population size, solid line shows unweighted linear fit. Births are for mothers aged 15\u201319.\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 analysis based on school data from the 2002 wave of the  >>> Brazilian School Census <<< ; official population estimates from the Brazilian Census Bureau; births by age from Brazilian Vital Statistics.\n\n27", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Brazilian School Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ecial Deposit Account reconciliation statement has been attached as an Appendix \n\nto support these closing balances. \n\n###### **8.9.** B Cash in Hand \n\nThere was no cash in hand as at **3 0 th** June **2017** as per the  >>> Board of Survey report <<< . \n\n###### **8.9. C** Cash equivalents (short-term deposits) \n\nThere were no short-term deposits as at **30'** June **2017** \n\n###### **8.10. OUTSTANDING** IMPRESTS **AND ADVANCES** \n\nOutstanding imprest and advances consist of amounts paid to officers for purposes of implementin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Board of Survey report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "aper employs a hybrid approach that combines the results of macroeconomic projections of a sectoral slowdown over the whole year of 2020 of the Tunisian economy with micro-simulation techniques. Combining information on  >>> GDP growth projections <<<  by sector and employment elasticity of growth of each sector (to capture how elastic employment is to changes in sectoral GDP), we estimate the loss of employment in each sector. Using household survey data, we then identify individuals who are likely to lose their jobs based on", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GDP growth projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the value of deposits via dual agency problems. Second, to the extent that banks are exposed to systemic risk, systemic shocks lead to a future deterioration of fundamentals not captured by their current values. Using  >>> data from the recent banking crises <<<  in Argentina and Uruguay, we show that market discipline is indeed quite robust once systemic risk is factored in. As the latter increases, the informational content of past fundamentals declines. These episodes also illustrate how few systemic shocks can trigger a run irrespect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the recent banking crises", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "across countries, which undermines the quality of  >>> investment data <<< .<sup>10</sup> Also investment data are rarely available at the bilateral sectoral level. To circumvent these limitations, we use investments from the fDi Markets database collected by fDi Intelligence, a division of Financial Times Ltd. The data is available at the firm-project ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "investment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d relevant employee associations. \n\n**11. The private sector has expressed interest in contributing to a sustainable mechanism that supports building youth competencies and talents to support growth.** A World Bank (WB)  >>> survey of digital firms in Jordan <<<  in January 2019 suggested that 48 percent of firms perceive finding technical talent an obstacle in the local market. The recent experience of Injaz in rolling out financial literacy in Jordanian public schools by using allocated funds from commercial banks (0.5 percent of profi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of digital firms in Jordan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e consumption per capita fell by 31 percent between 1987 and 1995, consistent with the 35 percent fall in household expenditure per capita over the same period as measured by the household surveys.\n\nDue to four years of  >>> C6te d'Ivoire Living Standards Survey <<<  (CILSS) data between 1985 and 1988 and two Priority Household Surveys (PHS) conducted in 1993 and 1995, it is possible to trace the evolution of poverty during this period of severe economic recession in C6te d'lvoire, although the differences in the two types of surveys raise q", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "C6te d'Ivoire Living Standards Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on of the outcome for the control group, the omitted category in our regression. We also report p-values of linear combinations of the estimates coefficients that map into the original study design. We use data from the  >>> Final survey <<<  conducted in May 2017. In Column 1, the dependent variable is a dummy that takes value 1 if the farmer reported his or her willingnes to pay for any of the 3 YARA fertilizers (Urea, DAP and KCl). In Columns 2-4, the dependent variables are the self-reported willingness to pay fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Final survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e more often bank-dependent and face financial constraints. Call Reports at that time reported no information on loan or firm size, but one study combines the Call Report data with information from the Federal Reserve's  >>> Survey of Terms of Bank Lending to Business <<<  (STBL) to try to differentiate the effects by firm size. The authors\u2019 estimates suggest much more severe credit cuts for small businesses \u2013 reductions of 38.5% in loans to firms with less than $1 million in bank credit, and 45.2% for small business borrowers with credit below $2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Survey of Terms of Bank Lending to Business", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "98).|<br>(0)|<br>(o)|<br>(0)|(0)|<br>(-17,070)|(0)|<br>**3**|\n|Econom|<br>ic Return=3|<br>2%||||||\n\n\n\n- 1/ 32-ton tanker-trailer, with empty backhaul 2/ Additional storage 3/ For strengthening wagon couplings \n\n|Source:  >>> Mission estimates <<< |\n|---|\n\n\n\n|May 1975|\n|---|\n\n\n\n- 4/ For centralized traffic control. This is a serious underestimate if metal sleepers also have to be replaced by non-conducting sleepers simultaneously before they are due for renewal \n\n- 5/ Avoided investments in centralized traffic control and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Mission estimates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he Annex on Kenya. \n\n> 117 Except for limited, exceptional and _ad hoc_ registration; UNHCR Kenya, \u201cTimeline of Registration Activities in Dadaab: 2013-July 2018\u201d, on file with author. \n\n> 118 These numbers are based on  >>> figures as at 23 July 2018 <<< , shared with the author, and are based on profiling and other ongoing documentation activities, including birth registration. Approximately 56 per cent of households are female headed and 88 per cent of the total are women and children. \n\n> 119 Ibid. \n\n47", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "figures as at 23 July 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "For these products, increased demand results in increased net imports. For elastically supplied products, however, increased demand is assumed to induce increases in output.<sup>16</sup> The data base for the model is a  >>> Social Accounting Matrix <<<  (SAM) for Panama for 2003 which describes the input-output structure of production, the distribution of earnings of labor and capital to various household groups, and patterns of spending. In order to enable the simulation of distributional effects of policy, the SAM includes ni", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Social Accounting Matrix", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd because it is measured more precisely. Therefore, all measures of poverty, growth and inequality in this paper will be based on consumption rather than income, and they are all computed using successive rounds of the  >>> nationally representative Household Expenditure Surveys <<<  (HES) Regional poverty lines were estimated according to the cost of basic needs method. Details on the implementation of the method can be found in Wodon (1997), hence the exposition will be brief here. Three steps were followed for the estimation of the poverty lines. First, t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationally representative Household Expenditure Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tes, so we expect the effect of heating degree days on CO2 emissions (\u03b214) to be positive.\n\nClearly-exogenous variables in the model include fires in neighboring areas and the demographic and climate factors. We include  >>> georeferenced data on CO2-intensive industrial facilities <<<  because they should have important effects on observed CO2 concentrations above their locations. Their inclusion serves our principal objective, a relatively complete econometric accounting of city-level CO2 emissions that can be used for comparative performance benchmarking and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "georeferenced data on CO2-intensive industrial facilities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "estimation of future changes due to global warming.\n\n# 3. Data on Hazards and Welfare\n\n## 3.1. Hazard data\n\nFor the analysis described in this paper, we constructed a database of historical hazard data for all SSA using  >>> remotely sensed satellite data and indices <<<  that were reputable and publicly available and that had high levels of spatial and historical coverage. The considered hazard variables include rainfall, vegetation cover, evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and the WRSI. Given there is no single definition of drought, these haza", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "remotely sensed satellite data and indices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "15) for moderate to severe intensity infections, suggesting that the comparable prevalence of moderate-severe infections in the Miguel and Kremer (2004) sample is lower than the figures presented here.\n\n> 7 According to  >>> WHO growth charts <<< , a boy at the 25th percentile of the weight for age distribution grows 1.9 kg between age 2 and age 3, while a boy at the 50th percentile grows 2.1 kg over that year. Note that the difference in weight gain for boys at the 25th versus at the 50th percentile of the weight-for-age", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WHO growth charts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for better coordination.\n\nWhile global in its scale, our work leaves important related questions to future research. For one, we do not know with sufficient precision how exactly drought-induced urban growth looks. Our  >>> data from the Sahel <<<  that we discuss in section 2 suggests that climate migrants first settle at the outskirts of growing cities, building informal settlements that likely become formalized over subsequent decades. Whether this speculation is correct and whether it generalizes beyond the Sahel remai", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the Sahel", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stics between independent national surveys within the same country that ranges from 20 to 30 percentage points, even after accounting for differences in sample design. For instance, in Cameroon, a comparison between the  >>> Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey <<<  (MICS 2000) and a Priority Survey (2001) shows a decline in child labor from 64 percent in the MICS survey to 16 percent in the Priority Survey one year later. In Senegal, the Demographic Health Survey (DHS 2005) reports 35.2 percent of children as engaged in an economic activit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roblem is, of course, largely one of skilled manpower, and it is clear that Kenya's development potential will continue to be curtailed by the scarcity of skills for a long time. The recent basic economic report and the  >>> agricultural sector survey <<<  have both emphasized the problem of low absorptive capacity in agriculture. For industry, the dearth of managerial skills adversely affects small-scale business development and hinders efforts to screen new large-scale industrial projects. Much of the Bank's assistance to Kenya ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "agricultural sector survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "worth explaining the possible reasons behind the differences. For instance, the total amount of the personal income tax allocated or retrieved from households in the survey is about 57 percent of the total amount in the  >>> administrative dataset <<< . In part, this reflects the limitation of household surveys to adequately capture information on the households at the top of the income distribution due to underreporting or non-response of rich households. The calculation of VAT provides another example of the data limitations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " not report it. This is not unusual in these sorts of surveys; the proportion of missing values is similar to that in PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, for developed countries plus others), and in  >>> SERCE <<<  (Segundo Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo, for seventeen Latin American countries). Still, the pupils who have missing values in parental education tend to come from relative less well-off families (lower number of books at home, durable assets, and services) and to pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SERCE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mer class based on the load forecast for the Masaka region (see Table 7.5).  The benefit of the incremental sales to each customer class was based on customer WTP.  The primary source of data for the WTP estimates was a  >>> detailed socioeconomic survey <<<  carried out in 2005 as part of the preparation of the Rural Electrification Master Plan<sup>21</sup> .  The survey provides data on households, public buildings and small and medium scale enterprises in selected non-electrified regions (including Mbarra and Masaka, both of which", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "detailed socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", it increased from 68,163 to 183,239; and for Qatar, it increased from 62,969 to 106,107. The GCC countries remain a major destination for migrants from Kerala, more so than other parts of India. <mark>According to the  >>> National Sample Survey <<<  of 2007\u201308, only 0.9 million migrant workers from Kerala were in other parts of India, compared to more than 2 million Kerala migrants in the GCC countries. Also, while residents of Kerala barely migrated to other Indian states, 2.5 million workers from other parts of India were", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Sample Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Reducing export times by 10 days is likely to have a bigger impact on exports (expanding them by about 10 percent) than any feasible liberalization in Europe or North America.\n\n> 22 Amiti and Romalis (2005) use detailed  >>> data on tariffs and trade volumes <<< , incorporating preference schemes, and show that average tariffs on non-LDC developing country products in the U.S. and the EU are below 3 percent.  Tariffs on comparative advantage goods are also below 3 percent.  They estimate market access gains of 2.28 percent following a 40", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on tariffs and trade volumes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the date on and beyond which any other person who occupies the land delineated for project use, will not be eligible for compensation. \n\n**Effective cut-off date:** The date of the meeting held at the conclusion of the  >>> census survey <<<  but before disclosure of the Resettlement Action Plan, when the list of Project Affected Persons identified from the census survey will be finalised, and all Project Affected Persons will be officially notified", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "%|\n|Urban|35.5%|22.6%|32.5%|\n|Rural|0.8%|0.4%|0.7%|\n|N'Djamena|51.0%|43.8%|49.6%|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Chad DHS <<<  (2015) and author's calculations_ \n\n7. The gap in electricity access is also visible when looking at quintiles of wealth, although it only becomes sizable when the highest quintile is considered. Among all male-headed households in the top quintile, 40.9 percent have access to e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Chad DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dverse effect on aquatic organisms but these quickly recovered. Adult flies regularly re-invaded the river but in steadily declining numbers and were finally eradicated around 1975 (McCrae, 1977; Ayele & Walsh, 1991). \n\n >>> Surveys conducted by WS Atkins <<<  (1998) demonstrated the presence of other nonvector _Simulium_ species (S. _alcocki_ and S. _medusaeforme)_ in the river, the adults of which are thought to feed on birds and cattle. \n\n##### **3.6.5.6 Trypanosomiasis (Sleeping Sickness) Vectors** \n\nTwo morphologically identical ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Surveys conducted by WS Atkins", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e than 1,000 predictors at the country-year level, including remote sensing variables, across various databases. We develop a simple model which predicts distributions for all countries in the world from a regression on  >>> country-level data <<< . Guided by variable-selection techniques, we try various versions of such regressions, each time sequentially excluding all surveys available for one of the 168 countries available in our dataset to predict the distribution for the excluded country using the remaining 167 ones. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ced our sense that having the PEP migratory status empowered them to report human rights abuses without fearing punishment.\n\n# **V. B What do PEP holders say about filing crime reports?**\n\nWe also leverage data from the  >>> Venezuelan Refugee Panel Study <<<  (VenRePs) that interviewed a representative sample of Venezuelan PEP holders and non-holders in 2021 to examine the PEP\u2019s effects on migrant welfare.<sup>18</sup> One survey question asked respondents if they had reported being a victim of a crime to the police or any other inst", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Venezuelan Refugee Panel Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s will be organized in such a way that they are accessible to all affected parties; with particular concern for the situation of the vulnerable groups. Monitoring will specifically take place via measurement against the  >>> pre-resettlement database <<< . \n\n### **Principle 10:   World Bank\u2019s Operational Policy on Involuntary Resettlement** \n\n**Action:** The World Bank\u2019s Operational Policy 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement will be adhered to. It requires that involuntary resettlement be avoided where feasible, or minimized, explor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "pre-resettlement database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Health deprivation can only be estimated from waves 1 and 2, as the survey module is missing in waves 3 and 4. Education deprivation is based on the education module in the post-planting surveys in waves 1 and 2 and the  >>> post-harvest survey <<<  in waves 3 ad 4. For information deprivation household asset ownership data, only available in the post-planting survey, is assumed to be a proxy for access to these assets. While an access question exists, in wave 3, tv and radio access questions were dropped, so that this not ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "post-harvest survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d help to explain migration, but would not directly influence a household\u2019s asset choices. I resorted to using three candidate instrumental variables. The first instrument was motivated by the observation drawn from the  >>> KMS data <<<  that Muslim households were more likely to send a member to work abroad in the Arabian Gulf, and the least likely to have a member move within India for employment. The former is likely due to shared religious norms and a preference among Gulf recruiters for Muslim employees dur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KMS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mergency food aid moved by the IEG from Objective 2 to Objective 1), one was surpassed (number of PSNP core beneficiaries receiving their cash payments through e payments), one was reported surpassed but on the basis of  >>> outdated data from three years before project close <<<  (percentage of transitory clients receiving humanitarian food assistance resources within 60 days of identification of need) and two were not achieved (percentage of core safety net transfers paid on time and percentage of households on the beneficiary list who are poor).  The o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "outdated data from three years before project close", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Where tenants/lease holders are affected: i)**Two month advance notice; and,<br>ii) Transitional allowance equivalent to three (3) months rental allowance.|\n|**2) The loss of structures for:**|||||\n|**Housing?**||No|The  >>> field survey <<<  conducted from the 19<sup>th</sup>to<br>31<sup>st</sup>October 2013 established three (3)<br>structures for housing would be partly<br>affected, and the residual would be viable.|With respect, the Project could:<br>a) **For legal user with valid ownership, owner without title, a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "field survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ty function and an exceedance probability curve that describes the welfare losses likely to occur because of rainfall deficits of increasing severity. Section 3 discusses in detail the historical hazard database and the  >>> household survey data <<<  used, the merging of the hazard data to the household survey data, and the specifications used for the hazard measures. Section 4 presents estimates of vulnerability functions. Section 5 shows how these vulnerability functions can be used to project welfare losses and presents s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "non, absent an initial stock, we set the starting value at zero. For industrial country loan assets and liabilities, as wil as for developing country loan assets, we take as initial stocks those reported **by** the BoP,  >>> Rider's (1994) data <<< , or national sources whenever available.\n\n14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Rider's (1994) data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he baseline case, they are still quite substantial.\n\n# **VI. Conclusions**\n\nThis paper studies empirically the relationship between trade policy and _individual_ income risk. The analysis proceeds in three steps. First,  >>> longitudinal data on Mexican workers <<<  are used to estimate individual income risk in various manufacturing sectors. Second, the variation in income risk and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "longitudinal data on Mexican workers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " reporting on environmental safeguard compliance leading to a downgrading in 2008 (ICR, pages 9-10). \n\n- o Limited availability of technical support from private sector providers (ICR, page 27). \n\n- The statement in the  >>> Beneficiary Survey <<<  (ICR, p. 50) that \u201cparticipation in the NAADS program seems to have lowered the probability to demand soil fertility and agro -forestry practices, suggesting low capacity of farmers", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Beneficiary Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ectives of the plan.  In addition, the Public Institutions Support Tracking (PIST) initiative informs and supplements reporting against objectives within the LCRP.  PIST reports compile key information, derived from the  >>> ActivityInfo reporting system <<<  and directly from partners, including amounts of funding channeled to public institutions, numbers of staff provided, and numbers of people reached with assistance. In addition, the reports describe results achieved through narrative reporting, illustrated by stories that demons", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ActivityInfo reporting system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "itish ownership (binary)|0.098<br>(0.064)|Post*British shareholders (nun)|0.083<br>(0.056)|\n|Year FE|Yes||Yes|\n|Firm FE|Yes||Yes|\n|Observations|270919||270919|\n|Firms|61073||61073|\n\nNotes: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> Orbis data <<< . These regressions exclude firms that exit after accession. Each cell is obtained from a different specification where the number of employees is regressed on a time-varying indicator of foreign ownership indicated on the row. All regressions include firm and year fixed effects.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Orbis data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a hypothesis that we tested using annual waves of  >>> Eurobarometer data <<<  between 2004 and 2011. In other words, the fact that older people are more (less) likely to support increases in spending on pensions (education) is not driven by a generational change, but by individuals changing their preferences as they grow older. In contrast, the fact that ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Eurobarometer data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "33%|37%|\n|IBRD|49%|57%|60%|63%|\n|IDA/Blend|80%|82%|84%|86%|\n|Grand Total|40%|47%|50%|53%|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation. Share Students Below Minimum Proficiency (BMP). Simulation 3 results based on the latest available  >>> PISA and PISA-D <<<  of 92 countries. Unweighted average. Student coverage as share of lower secondary enrollment: 100% NAC; 95% LAC; 94% EAP; 91% ECA; 76% SAR; 39% MNA; 3% SSA.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PISA and PISA-D", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "C countries compared to other developing countries.** In MENA region for example, only Egypt, Morocco, Syria, Tunisia, and Yemen have specific legislation for Microfinance institutions (Figure 4). Also, according to the  >>> CGAP financial access database <<<  (Figure 5), 68% of the covered 37 OIC countries have appointed agencies to promote access to finance in rural areas, while 57% of the countries have dedicated team or unit in charge of the task. The ratios are above the developing countries average, but below the low-income coun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CGAP financial access database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e due to the construction of project tower pads and RoW with only one acacia tree affected by the construction of a new substation at Arsi Robe. \n\n###### **_Impact on Grazing Land and Crop-by-Product_** \n\nResults of the  >>> census enumeration and inventory of affected property <<<  showed that the construction of the subproject will also affect a total of 0.0576 ha of grazing land belonging to 17 PAPs. The construction of the new Arsi Robe substation will not affect grazing land. \n\n###### **_Impact on Vulnerable Groups_** \n\nA total of 134 heads of househol", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census enumeration and inventory of affected property", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th the average over the buildings and the average for the total area of the pixel. DLR data provide height averages over the area of the pixel.\n\n> 10 Population and Income from year 2000 are used for two reasons. First,  >>> height data <<<  have been collected between 2007 and 2011, with the year of collection reported in the data. Second, adding some lag in the explanatory variable can be thought as an instrumental strategy to deal with the endogeneity issues associated with the initial specification.\n\n20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "height data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". Therefore, the risk associated with each cost and price figure has been evaluated by calculating the variability (i.e. variance) of each cost or price based on  >>> historical data <<< . \n\n##### **9.5.3. Political and Systemic risk** \n\nPolitical and systemic risks are largely macro-level concepts related to the probability of large-scale political or economic changes taking place that may affect profitability. The most extreme political risks include the risk o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|Kinchiub|10|10|21|0|41|0.8|\n|Gulo Zaf|3|10|0|0|13|0.2|\n|Yenim Zaf|1|0|0|0|1|0.0|\n|**All**|**1,949**|**2,489**|**904**|**26**|**5,368**|**100.0**|\n|**Percent**|**36.3**|**46.4**|**16.8**|**0.5**|**100.0**||\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Census enumeration <<<  January-March 2025_ \n\n\n\n\n\nPhoto 3: Khat Plantation Within the Right of Way \n\n\n\n\n\nPhoto 4: Eucalyptus and Indigenous Trees Within the Right of Way \n\n\n\n\n\nPage 101", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census enumeration", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "As biofuels are not a proper sector in the original  >>> GTAP 7.0 database <<< , we modified it in a way that allowed us to introduce biofuels sectors in our CGE model. This was done according to the following procedure. Based on detailed information collected on production, consumption and trade, a total of seven new sectors<sup>5</sup> have been created b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GTAP 7.0 database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "k at another potential outcome variable that measures the percentage of the population that completed CEPE (six years of primary education). This is justified by the fact that the average years of education based on the  >>> ENV-2008 data <<<  is recorded as being a little over 7 years and almost 40 percent of the population fail to complete the CEPE. We estimate nonparametric kernel-weighted local polynomial regressions of percent ever completing six years of primary education against age using Epanechnikov kernel. W", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ENV-2008 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ke and others (1998) and Rashid and Ayele (2009). Estimates prepare.d by DSA for the fertilizer project's impact evaluation varied. They ranged from 2.0 to 6.0 and are relatively high when compared to other studies. The  >>> SG-2000 data <<<  on response rates to fc;:rtilizer by crop and region are typically lower than the DSA estimates. Given the variation in VCR estimates from different sources, the ICR team used estimates the SG2000 dataset as the most likely scenario, the DSA (2010) data as'the upper bound, and o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SG-2000 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " \r  for \r  this \r  workshop \r  comes \r  from \r  two \r  primary \r  sources: \r  Regular \r  sex \r  and \r  age \r  disaggregated \r  data \r  collection and \r  analysis \r  of \r  provision \r  of \r  services \r  through \r  the \r   >>> UNHCR \r  Refugee \r  Coordination \r  Portal <<<  \r  (ActivityInfo) \r  and \r  the \r  GBVIMS \r  End \r  of \r  Year Report \r  2014 \r  including \r  data \r  from \r  SGBV \r  case \r  management. \n\n**<mark>Workshop: Engaging Men and Boys in Sexual and Gender-</mark> \u00ad\u2010** **<mark>Based Violence (SGBV) programming</mark>**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR \r  Refugee \r  Coordination \r  Portal", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "?_** \n\n**Before entering the crisis, firms in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), and North Macedonia were more likely than those in neighboring countries to introduce new products or services.** This box draws on the  >>> 2019 World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<<  (WBES) to assess the readiness of the Western Balkan formal private sector to lead the economic recovery from the emerging global crisis. The survey results provide a mixed picture. Overall, firms in Serbia, BiH, and to a lesser extent also in North Macedonia tended to be on par", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2019 World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "also be measured with second impact evaluation on new programme areas. \n\n1 This is measured as the \"proportion of children aged 1\u00b73 years fully vaccinated\" based on information from health cards. Further analysis of the  >>> 2007 data <<<  suggests that here may be a need to revise the baseline figure. This will be confinued. This indicator is reported every two years from impact evaluation on original locations. Will also be measured with second impact evaluation on new programme areas \n\n12 This is the percent of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2007 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "entry and exit that is not productivity enhancing in transition economies.\n\nIt is also interesting to note that the entry of new firms has variable effects on overall productivity growth in OECD countries. On the whole,  >>> data for European countries <<<  show that new firms typically make a positive contribution to overall productivity growth, although the effect is generally of small magnitude. By contrast, entries make a negative contribution in the United States for most industries and a stronger than average contribution ten", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for European countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bservations|4405|4405|3333|1165|1362|\n|_R_<sup>2</sup>|0.819|0.819|0.829|0.846|0.848|\n\n_Source_ : Author\u2019s analysis based on the 2006 round of the Additional Rural Incomes Survey and Rural Economic & Demographic Survey ( >>> ARIS-REDS <<< ) from the National Council of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ARIS-REDS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "environment in schools. A recent  >>> school utilization study <<<  indicates that the number of MoE students is expected to increase by 124,634 between 2008 and 2013. It is estimated that there will be a need to provide an additional 3,360 classrooms over this time period. \n\n### **Institutional and Regulatory Set-up Relative to Environmental Ma", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "school utilization study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tly flat, with the elevation ranging between 400 to 600 meters above sea level; high points include Mount Masango (552 meters). Major bodies of water in this Woreda include the Gilo River and Lake Tata. According to the  >>> Atlas of the Ethiopian Rural Economy <<<  published by the CSA, around 30% of the woreda is forest. A notable landmark is", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Atlas of the Ethiopian Rural Economy", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tal organisations or coordination bodies. 77% of respondents work for organisations acting to prevent and respond to dangers and injuries in emergencies. \n\n**Review of WHO Global Health Estimates:** Publically available  >>> data from the WHO <<<  on estimate cause-specific mortality rates by age, gender and country in 2012 has been reviewed, analysed and utilised in parts of this review to highlight relevant indicative findings on dangers and injuries. Although global estimate data is a vital \n\n> 4 Myanmar Rakhine State ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the WHO", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "000)|(0.74)|(7.05)|(5.91)|\n|n|1,378|1,392|1,378|\n|R-squared|0.134|0.299|0.231|\n|RMSE|4.75|8.03|7.97|\n\n_Note:_ Figures in parentheses are robust t-statistics. *, **, ***: significant at 10, 5, and 1 percent respectively.  >>> Annual data <<<  from 1996\u20132012 for low- and middle-income countries. RMSE = root mean square error, or sample standard deviation.\n\nThere is a question of whether these results are unduly influenced by outliers. Robust regression is a technique that minimizes the weighted sum of squares of resid", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">employee|158.6|170.4|210.8|368.7|\n|Total hidden costs as % of revenue|%|162.7|184|124|140.4|\n|||**Mali**|Countr|ies with scarce w|ater resources|\n|Residential tariff (US cents per m<sup>3</sup>)||25.2||60.26||\n\nSource:  >>> Demographic and Health Survey <<<  and AICD water and sanitation utilities database downloadable from http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/tools/data. DHS figures are as of 2006. Utility numbers are as of 2001 and 2007. Note: Tariff data as of mid 2000s In less than two decades, Mali has managed to provide ac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Belo Horizonte the accountants charge on average R$300 per month for this service. Accountants are not required for MEIs with one or fewer workers and revenue under the MEI revenue threshold.\n\nFor the median firm in our  >>> baseline survey <<<  (described below), which reports having one worker and earning R$30,000 in annual revenues and R$1,200 in monthly profits in our baseline surveys, the annual costs of being registered would therefore be approximately R$750 or 5.2% of their annual income. For a firm at the 75<sup", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tcomes:** The 2003 KDHS showed that a number of critical reproductive health and child health indicators had worsened since 1998. The infant mortality rate increased from 73.7 in 1998 to 77 per 1000 life births in 2003 ( >>> DHS 2003 <<< ) and 79 in 2005 (UNICEF). Other intermediate outcome indicators in the PAD also worsened; the percentage of births attended to by qualified \n\n> 1 I", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS 2003", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "No|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|Controls for other group|No|No|Yes|Yes|\n|Add. controls|No|No|No|Yes|\n\n_Source_ : Author\u2019s analysis based on the 2006 round of the Additional Rural Incomes Survey and Rural Economic & Demographic Survey ( >>> ARIS-REDS <<< ) from the National Council of Applied Economic Research. _Note_ : This table reports coefficients of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ARIS-REDS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ajor factors that exacerbated the severity of the current crisis. The alarm signals were building up for a long time and are worth examining further. Evidence comes from the third regional organization we are studying.\n\n >>> Data for Mishorim <<< , a-supply cooperative with young moshavim similar to those of the Mountain Region, shovfthat not only across moshavim of different vintage, but over time for the same moshavim too--financial exposure is affected strongly by economic performance of the members of the regional org", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data for Mishorim", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th translated into substantial poverty reduction, with the share of the population living in extreme poverty decreasing from 37 percent in 2005 to 23.5 percent in 2016 (Ethiopia Household Consumption Expenditure Survey,  >>> HCES <<< ). Human development outcomes also improved from a low base. For example, between  2011 and 2016, the net primary school enrollment rate increased from 64 percent to 74 percent, under-five mortality decreased from 88 (per 1,000 live births) to 67, and the number of people with ac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HCES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "go, Rep. Kenya Rwanda Niger Benin C\u00f4te d'Ivoire Namibia Cameroon Ghana Botswana Lesotho Mozambique Tanzania Zimbabwe Ethiopia Malawi Congo South Africa Nigeria Madagascar Zambia<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_  >>> Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Power Tariff Database <<<  On average, residential electricity in Africa is among the most expensive in the world. For the average consumer, residential tariffs are over 12 cents/kWh in about 60 percent of the sample countries and over 20 cents/kWh in close to 25 percent of the sample (Burkina Faso, Cape ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Power Tariff Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ent. He finds that firms respond to the productivity losses arising from power outages by cutting jobs. To estimate the causal impact of electricity shortages on employment, Mensah (2018) employs household data from the  >>> Afrobarometer <<<  and Enterprise Surveys from more than 20 African countries. The results show that outages reduce the total factor productivity of African firms by more than 2.3 percent and reduce the probability that an individual is employed by between 35 and 41 percentage points. Significantl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Afrobarometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l|-2.77|6.96|-6.22|\n||Lag|-8.11|-6.28|16.79|\n|Nonfood spending|No control|-23.82|29.99|-4.00|\n||Lag|-16.11|33.16|1538.95|\n|TLU|No control|3.55|-4.82|-2.41|\n||Lag|22.13|-12.45|-60.60|\n\n_Notes:_ Authors\u2019 analysis based on  >>> data described in the text <<< . Each cell of the table reports ratios based on the coefficient corresponding to the respective column: column (1) is the ratio for _returnees_ , column (2) for _demobilized_ and column (3) for the spillovers. There are two lines per outcomes. The first is the restricted model w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data described in the text", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from local or national authorities, and if they have not, they are asked about the reasons why.<sup>5</sup> The  >>> data set <<<  then offers a unique window into the private sector to assess both the need for policy and the availability of public support during the COVID-19 shock.\n\nGiven the variation in country samples and timing of the surveys, we follow Apedo-Amah et al. (2020) and introduce different ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\nNational level information deprivation has been drastically decreasing over time, in the urban and the rural areas alike (see Figure 36). In 2010, 33 percent of rural children of school going age were, according to the  >>> GHS <<<  data, deprived of information, such as phone, TV and radio, while this share had dropped to 9 percent over the subsequent 6 years period. This large reduction in severe information deprivation of children, holds, as Figures 37 a and 37 b show, across all geo-spatial zones. While", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "25**<br>*<br>_<br>1|\n|Fuel and energy<br>|||71<br>|86<br>||\n|Capital goods|||99|120 o|<br> <br> <br> <br> <br>|\n|Export price index_(1993=100)_|_.._||||**92**<br>**93**<br>so<br>**n5**<br>**95**<br>**7**<br>**58**|\n|<br> >>> Import price index <<<  (1993=100)|||||**rExporns**<br>I", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Import price index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Or is all the talk about NTBs only distracting from the lowering or elimination of tariffs? We proceed in two steps. First, we estimate the average effect of RTAs on NTBs across many agreements using the newly available  >>> Global Tariff Data <<<  (new GTD) provided by Teti (2020) that deals with measurement error. In this exercise, we highlight the important role of general globalization trends. Omitting these overstates the role of NTBs. The second part of the paper sheds light on the heterogeneity between RTAs and on t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Tariff Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l be covered by the project, in line with the government\u2019s original plan** . The exception is for the new refugee site in Amhara, where all _kebeles_ within a 35-kilometer radius will be covered. This decision follows a  >>> January 2022 government assessment <<< , which identified major impacts from the conflict, including extensive destruction of public facilities. The scale of the damage has raised concerns over the potential for tensions with refugees, justifying an additional investment of funds to support inclusion and stability in ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "January 2022 government assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h resource will be transferred to zones and woredas. \n\n42. **Fund transfer to EPSA which is responsible for significant portion of procurement in the program (81%) is improving but still needs attention** . Based on the  >>> data obtained <<< , on average it takes 37 days for EPSA to receive resources from the SDG PF starting from the time of LC opening. Fund is transferred when the process reaches Letter of credit opening stage so as not to tie up resources. However, regions, which constitute the overall 44% of disbu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data obtained", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lop geothermal resources in Ethiopia to generate electricity in two phases. In the first phase, two potential geothermal sites, Aluto and Alalobad will be developed. These two sites have been selected based on available  >>> investigation reports <<< . In Aluto, in addition to 4 exploration wells financed by the IDA Cr. 4795-ET, another 22 wells of about 2000 to 2500 meters each in depth will be drilled to produce geothermal steam. A steam gathering steam connecting all active wells will also be supported under the first phas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "investigation reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Management Information System (http://197.156.90.249:8100/). The focus is now on ensuring that this granular, real-time data is being used by implementers to manage and inform project activities. On the evaluation side,  >>> data from the latest round of project evaluation <<<  has been collected and analyzed. A simple before-after comparison of 2,400 firms surveyed in 2013 and again in 2016 showed that enterprises that had participated in WEDP had increased employment levels in their firms by 55% and had increased profits by 41%, over the past three y", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the latest round of project evaluation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hat we believe to be the most reflective of the COVID-19 crisis in most parts of the world. We start with using both satellite-derived variables\u2013 nighttime lights and NO2\u2013to track economic activity. We continue with the  >>> Google mobility indices <<<  and the Google Search data set. Finally, we use food prices restricted to the following six food items commonly consumed in many countries: bread, chicken, eggs, milk, onions, and rice.\n\nSecond, we estimate simple cross-section regressions with three separate dependent variables", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Google mobility indices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gement approach may be required. The environmental and social monitoring plan is developed to provide a basis for evaluating the efficiency of the proposed mitigation measures and for updating the actions and impacts of  >>> baseline data <<< . It also gives information for adoption of additional mitigation measures if the proposed measures are found insufficient. Thus, it avails information for management decisions taking in the different phases of the project. \n\nMonitoring should be performed during all stages of th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|Numberof individuals|1,384|986|351|587|\n\n_Notes:_ *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Columns (1) and (2) show results of IV-Logit-FE (marginal effects) and IV-FE models, columns (3) and (4) show results of IV model using  >>> data from wave 3 of the BNLA <<< . Standard errors in parentheses are clustered at the individual level. Control variables include age group dummy variables, marital status, household size, language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing), residence area, and home ownership. Mental health scores are t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from wave 3 of the BNLA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rt (ICR) Review \n\n**Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)** GEQIP-E (P163050) \n\n\n\nremained functional and credible, supporting accountability and adaptive management throughout implementation. \n\n## **c. M&E Utilization** \n\n >>> M&E data <<<  was used to assess progress toward the PDO and guide program management, including adjustments under AF1 and AF2. Independent Verification Agent reports were used to validate DLI/DLR achievements and inform IDA disbursements. Evidence generated through national assessments and a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "M&E data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Duncan's test on the average count of NTMs faced. Averages tagged with the same letter of the alphabet are not significantly different.\n\nSimilarly, the applied MFN tariffs in the United States and China (taken from the  >>> WTO Integrated Database <<<  based on the Member's own data notification) tend to be higher for goods produced by poorer workers (based on average wage data from the UNIDO database). Goods produced by workers in the fifth, or richest, quantile face tariffs that are markedly lower than on goods produced by w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WTO Integrated Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "machine logs, so have very little (if any) measurement error. Third, the firms are homogenous in terms of size, product, region and technology, so that time dummies control for most external shocks. Fourth, we collected  >>> weekly data <<< , which provides high-frequency observations over the course of the treatment and the use of these repeated measures can dramatically reduce the sample size needed to detect a given treatment effect (McKenzie, 2010b). Finally, the intervention was intensive, leading to large trea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "weekly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Layer (GHSL) database<sup>8</sup> (European Commission, 2023). This dataset represents a significant advancement compared to prior attempts at modeling population distribution in space. It achieves this by refining raw  >>> census data <<<  into grid cells through the integration of remote-sensed imagery, specifically by utilizing the volume of residential areas. To avoid double counting the population in cases where the 50 km radius for different power plants overlaps, we partition these areas using a Thiessen met", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\nWe use linked firm-level and labor force survey data to empirically analyze job loss in formal private firms for both Jordan and Georgia. Firm data are provided by the COVID-19 Follow Up World Bank Enterprise Surveys ( >>> CFUWBES <<< ) for these two countries. These are surveys of companies included in a recently completed preCOVID World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the private sector. We analyze only the loss of a \u201cpermanent\u201d job, because a firm\u2019s workforce", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CFUWBES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n based displacement to be especially conducive to empowerment, while we expect camp-based displacement is especially harmful to IDP empowerment.\n\n# **4 Research Design**\n\nTo evaluate our hypotheses, we analyze original  >>> cross-section surveys <<<  we conducted that sample IDPs and similarly at-risk but not displaced populations in Iraq (2019) and the Philippines (2010). To explore temporal change within a single case, we additionally analyze a repeated cross-sectional survey in northern Uganda (in 2007 (n=1404) and 2010 (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cross-section surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|2014-12|Jiangsu Changjiang|STATS<br>ChipPAC|Singapore|Technology|1660|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n\nSource:  >>> China Global Investment Tracker <<< .\n\nTable 2: China\u2019s top 10 construction projects in BRI countries since 2014\n\n|Year-<br>Month|Constructor|Transaction<br>Partner|Country|Sector|Subsector|Value<br>(million<br>USD)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|2017-04|China Railway<br>Engineering||Indonesia|Transport|Rail|3190|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "China Global Investment Tracker", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Board (PSASB). Secondary Education Quality Improvement Project the audit for the year ended 30 June 2019 highlighted differences of Kshs 5,259,898 between balances in the financial statements and those reflected in the  >>> IFMIS <<< . Contrary to reporting requirements set by PSASB, management had not reported on the progress in resolving the differences, and \n\n- v. delays in exchequer releases. Releases by exchequer totaling Kshs 540,406,486 were received by the _State_ Department during the month of June 2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " countries, Demirguc-Kunt et al. (2013) find that in countries where women face legal restrictions in their ability to choose where to live, they are less likely to own an account, save and borrow relative to men. Using  >>> data for approximately 60,000 firms <<<  across 94 economies, Islam et al. (2018) find that travel restrictions on women is negative correlated with female business ownership. Htun et al. (2018) find similar cross-country evidence for female labor force participation as well. HallwardDriemeier and Gajigo (2015) find th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for approximately 60,000 firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nction of its geography.\n\nThis paper examines empirically the proposition that the hosting of refugees falls disproportionately on neighboring countries, which in most cases are in the developing world. To do so, we use  >>> data on worldwide bilateral refugee stocks <<<  compiled by UNHCR to examine the spatial distribution of refugees and its evolution over time. Our period of analysis is 1987-2017.\n\nOur main findings can be summarized as follows. While refugees still remain overwhelmingly in a country neighboring their country of origin, the p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on worldwide bilateral refugee stocks", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "p is seen in these countries.\n\nIn addition to the direction of bias (or gaps), we are often interested in the precision (efficiency) of growth rates of national accounts as a predictor of survey growth rates, given that  >>> national accounts data <<<  are frequently used to interpolate and extrapolate household survey consumption or income to obtain estimates of poverty in years surveys are not conducted, as done by the World Bank. The mean absolute error and the root mean square errors presented in Table 2 gives an assessmen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national accounts data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n of improved seed and cultivation, respectively, for promoted crops during the demonstration year, in contrast to 80% and 94% of demonstrators.\n\n**Restriction to promoted crops** Our main analysis leverages data at the  >>> farmercrop-survey <<<  wave-level and restricts to what we refer to as \u201cpromoted crops\u201d. A key choice made by extension agents for treatment villages is the selection of pulses for demonstration of improved seeds; as we do not expect impacts of demonstration on non-demonstrated pulses, pooling demonst", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "farmercrop-survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Democratic Republic of Ethiopia \u25aa Ethiopian Electric Power Jima II \u2013 Limu Genet 132kV Power TL & SS Subproject_ \n\n_Resettlement Plan FINAL Report_ \n\n##### **7.12 Impact on Communal Land and State Forest** \n\nBased on the  >>> ground inventory survey <<<  along the corridor about 14 tower pads will fall on communal land and a total of 0.061ha of communal land will be expropriated by the Subproject. Although small, this land is used by the local community members for livestock grazing. \n\nIn addition, government owned state forest ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ground inventory survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** Uganda Reproductive Health Voucher Project (P144102) \n\n\n\n64. **The  >>> project data <<<  also informed the MTR undertaken jointly by the MoH and the World Bank in April 2017.** Documents and results matrix were used to assess and review (a) implementation progress against original benchmarks and targets, (b) appropriateness/relevance of the project design and implem", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "project data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_- 9 -_ \n\n36. The cost estimates for the new roads and for the bridge construction are reasonable. The locations of the roads were determined by consultants some years ago from an  >>> aerial survey <<< . They were later fully surveyed in the field by the IHA which ran center lines, took cross sections and comrputed quantities. The quantities which underlie the cost estimates seem accurate and are derived from detailed designs and drawings with full particulars of the alignment ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "aerial survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ext -->\n70%<br>60%<br>50%<br>40%<br>30%<br>20%<br>10%<br>0%<br>      MUHORONI BANDANI          KIBUYE   MANYATTA A   MANYATTA B NYAWITA<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Figure 5.7: Sources of Livelihoods** \n\n**Source:  >>> KISIP socio-economic survey <<<  March 2023.** \n\n###### **5.2.12 Income Levels** \n\nIncomes for all the sites are relatively low and mostly ranging from less than Kshs.3000 \u2013 9000 per month. Muhoroni settlements has the highest number of people earning less than 3000 shillings a month while Bandani has the lowes", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KISIP socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " QOL (Verme et al., 2016).\n\nIndeed, the debate on refugee QOL in and out of camps has received some attention. It is even more critical in Jordan, where many refugees can choose to live either in or out of camps. In the  >>> survey of refugees <<< , Abdo et al. (2019) found that Syrian refugees scored significantly lower than Jordanians in the psychological health and social relationships domains. Krafft et al. (2019) explained that both camp and out-of-camp Syrian refugees living in Jordan face challenges in participating", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " India. But in most cases, evidence for the opposite is found. The finding that boys are in many states more likely to be food deprived than girls is though consistent with results of girls and boys overall based on the  >>> National Nutrition and Health Survey 2018 data <<<  discussed in NBS (2018).This finding is also consistent with findings from a meta-analysis using DHS data from 10 Sub-Saharan African countries by Wamani et al. (2007).Also, there are sizeable differences between urban and rural findings within states in the north, which may cal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Nutrition and Health Survey 2018 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ribers and 250,000 views daily.\n\nInitial surveys also showed engagement with distance learning platforms. Four surveys (UNICEF Rapid Assessment \u2013 telephone survey, SISQE-UNICEF online poll \u2013 through SISQE web portal and  >>> U-Report poll <<<  \u2013 through SMS, Facebook, telegram, smartphone apps and Listening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan -L2C2) were conducted in the initial months after school closures in March 2020<sup>1</sup> and allow us to assess the reach and use of distance learning programs in the initial months", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "U-Report poll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Extremepoverty|2.9|7.4|6.9|4.5|4|\n|Poverty|13.7|20.9|20.2|7.3|6.5|\n|Poverty gapLower|0.5|2.0|0.7|1.5|1.3|\n|Poverty gapupper|3.2|6.4|4.2|3.2|1|\n|Inequality|37.0|39.5|39.2|2.5|2.2|\n\nSource: Author\u2019s calculations based on  >>> EBCNV 2015 <<< \n\n# **5. Policy Implications and Conclusions**\n\nOur findings show that the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to affect household welfare depending on the socio-economic characteristics of the population, sector of employment and location. The poor (more likely to be living in overcrowd", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EBCNV 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ductions in similar products.\n\nLim\u00e3o (2005) estimates the direct effect of the U.S.\u2019s PTAs on its MFN tariffs by exploring the fact that this effect will be weaker for goods it imports only from non-PTA countries. Using  >>> tariff data <<<  for over 5000 products he fi nds that the U.S.\u2019s PTAs generated a stumbling block effect in the Uruguay Round. After controlling for several determinants of U.S. tariff changes during the Uruguay Round he estimates that the U.S.\u2019s average cut for goods exported by any of its PTA", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tariff data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ge ability shapes the sorting of migrants into occupations with different skill requirements in the EU \u2013 and, as a result, the exposure to the different risks associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. We begin by using the  >>> O*NET survey <<<  to identify the intensity of the host-country language requirement per occupation. In particular, the knowledge questionnaire includes the question \u201cWhat level of English language knowledge is needed to perform your current job?\u201d with answers ranging from one to seven. We transf", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "O*NET survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||(6.65)|(12.26)|(23.58)|(16.83)|\n|Ave TFA (in m2)|78.65|140.75|354.58|707.37|\n||(111.24)|(325.67)|(1,118.25)|(1,209.62)|\n|Ave TFA/City Area|0.79|0.78|1.19|1.11|\n||(0.18)|(0.26)|(0.44)|(0.38)|\n\nSource: Analysis based on  >>> DLR WSF 3D data set <<<  Note: These are average heights for 90m x 90 m blocks, further averaged across the city\u2019s extent\n\n# 3. Stylized facts\n\nIn this section, we provide stylized facts on the magnitude and spatial distribution of built-up area growth and vertical layering in cities. As we have data on", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DLR WSF 3D data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ns including poverty rate, population size, and infrastructure gap. Once subsidies are transferred from the federal- to the regional-level, the regions take a similar approach in distributing funds to Woredas. \n\n25. The  >>> data collected for the past three years <<<  (EFY2010-2012) shows that the federal government has fully disbursed the allocated subsidy to regions. Assessed regions also disbursed 99% to 100% of the allocated subsidy to woredas for the past three years. The subsidy is available in orderly and predictable manner to regions ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data collected for the past three years", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of adverse shocks (Loayza and Rigolini, 2011), such as exposure to conflict.\n\n# **3 Empirical Framework**\n\nThis section includes four sub-sections. First, we introduce the two primary sets of data we use to construct an  >>> individual-level panel data set <<<  of exposure to violent conflict events and labor allocation. Second, we discuss some descriptive statistics which characterize our study sample. Third, we specify our core identification strategy and discuss the interpretation of our preferred estimates. Finally, we discuss the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "individual-level panel data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vices.  However, it should be noted that \u2015[a]t the national level, the epidemiologic trend over the past eight years has been stable\u2026 [and] HIV prevalence appears to be declining in urban areas, according to analysis of  >>> data from ANC sites <<<  that collected data consistently for more than ten years\u2016<sup>11</sup> . This would suggest that prevention related interventions are having a significant impact at the population level, given the significant increase in access to treatment (which serves to maintain prevalence r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from ANC sites", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "43ha **of** state-owned farmland is cultivated of which **(67.2%)** was covered **by** cereal crops, **(22.3%)** with oilseed and the remaining **(10.5%)** of the cultivated land was covered **by** pulses \n\nBased on the  >>> data obtained from respective Woreda agriculture offices <<< , close to half (48.1%) of cultivated land in Subproject impact woredas was covered **by** wheat crop, followed **by** Barley crop which accounts for (18.4%) of the cultivated land in 2022 **E.C.** In terms of types of crop coverage some difference is seen across Subproject impac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data obtained from respective Woreda agriculture offices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ming. Carlsson & Martinsson (2008) provide evidence that the willingness to pay (WTP) to avoid unplanned power outages varies depending on the time of the week and the season. The 2,400 households who responded to their  >>> choice experiment survey in Sweden <<<  reported being more affected by outages occurring during a weekend and during the winter. Households also place more value on the reduction of long electricity service interruptions. Equivalent studies based on survey methods in other developed countries reach the same conclusio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "choice experiment survey in Sweden", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> governance indicators <<<  (Kau\u00a4man, Kraay and Mastruzzi, 2005) (henceforth KKM) and the Docquier and Marfouk (2006) migration data set in their cross-sectional analysis. Focusing on skilled migration, they examine the impact of the brain drain on sending country\u2019s institutional development and ...nd a po", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "governance indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on firm adoption of cloud computing, big data analytics and AI. The empirical results find that the policy increased investment in IT capital as would be expected; but it slowed firm adoption of cloud, big data and AI.  >>> Matched employer-employee data <<<  shows that the policy also led firms to reduce their demand for workers that perform data analytics, but not other types of workers.\n\nThis paper is a product of the Office of the Chief Economist, East Asia and the Pacific Region. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Matched employer-employee data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "it Card 17.9<br>31.7<br>Savings Account<br>0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40<br>% of population that use each product<br>Type of product<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source: Colombian Association of Media Investigation ACIM,  >>> General Media Survey EGM <<<  for the year 2000_ 46", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "General Media Survey EGM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ialized and will be hired to provide certain services. The latter type is considered under the \"Capacity Building\" component. For both types of NGOs, the ones which will be contracted will be those which are part of the  >>> register set up by the CNLS <<< . This is an open register which identifies the capacities and specialty of NGOs and was set up during the NGO assessment undertaken during project preparation. This roster will be updated with new NGOs who want to be part of it, and an assessment of the capacity of that NGO will", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "register set up by the CNLS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".2|\u20107.5|\u20103.5|\u20102.5|\n|EA\u201019*|3.5|1.6|0.7|0.0|0.1|0.3|1.3|2.2|0.8|\u20103.5|\u20103.4|\u20101.2|\u20100.6|\u20100.2|0.1|\n|EU\u201028*|\u2010|1.8|0.5|\u20100.3|\u20100.2|0.1|1.0|1.7|0.3|\u20104.1|\u20103.8|\u20101.6|\u20101.4|\u20100.6|\u20100.4|\n\n*: weighted average.\n\nSource: European Commission,  >>> Annual macro\u2010economic database <<<  By all measures, the countries undertook substantial fiscal adjustments, but Greece has done the most by some measures as shown in Tables 5c and 5d. Greece\u2019s primary _structural_ budget was actually in better shape than that of IPS in every single year AND the pace of adjustment", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual macro\u2010economic database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "29.5|112.7|97.6|103.8|109.8|109.5|101.7|105.3|104.6|103.6|91.5|97.3|102.7|103.6|\n|singleparent|100|101.8|109.1|101.8|97.6|100.7|130.1|106.7|89.7|96.4|94.6|91.5|90.5|107.0|99.1|114.3|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> HBS data <<< .\n\n28", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HBS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "11 goods accounts for much of the total non-transfer payment increase in U.S. public expenditures.12 In summary, the  >>> OECD data <<<  suggest the following: (1) Governmernt spending varies considerably across OECD nations. In 1982 total government expenditure shares out of GDP ranged from 30.0%-67.3%.\n\n(2) The substantial share of government expenditures out of national income is a relatively recent occurrence", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|0|0|0|1|0.7|\n|Farmhouse|11|4|3|0|18|12.8|\n|**Total**|**36**|**4**|**25**|**76**|**141**|**100.0**|\n|**Percent**|**25.5**|**2.8**|**17.7**|**53.9**|**100.0**||\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Census Enumeration & Property Registration <<<  January-March 2025_ \n\n\n\n\n\nPage 96", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census Enumeration & Property Registration", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table 11. Major locations and demographic composition of populations of concern to UNHCR, end-2006 Source:  >>> 2006 ASR <<< . Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.** \n\n*** Type of location: C=Camps/Centers; U=Urban; R=Rural/Dispersed; V=Various/Unknown. ** Indicates the proportion of the population of concern at the location for which the demographic characteristics ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 ASR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " countries in the ES \u2015favored firm\u2016 responses. The standard deviation across countries in \u2015favored firm\u2016 (25<sup>th</sup> percentile) time to get a permit was 12 days (compared to a standard deviation of 119 days in the  >>> DB indicator <<< ).\n\nIn contrast, there is a set of firms that do find regulations an obstacle, and the extent of delay for those firms does vary widely across countries. The \u2015disfavored\u2016 firms\u2014", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DB indicator", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Jobs**\n\nThe slower growth in the labor value added of exports compared to domestic final output is mainly due to the fact that the export sector has been slowly shedding jobs. The LACEX data combined with South Africa\u2019s  >>> Labor Force Survey data <<<  show that between 2001 and 2011, the total number of jobs supported by South Africa\u2019s exports declined from 3.0 million to 2.9 million, despite positive growth in exports (10.3% annually) as well as the wages paid to produce exports (7.9% annually). This finding confirms previou", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Labor Force Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "levels and patterns are in line with those of Lakner and Milanovic (2016) who use a different form of adjustment and aggregation, but only provide estimates until 2008. For 2008 they estimate a global Gini of 67.0 using  >>> 2011 PPPs <<< , while our estimates are 66.7.<sup>35</sup> Their topincome adjusted estimates are 2.9 to 6.3 percentage points higher for 2008, within the same range as our top-adjusted estimate, which is 4.3 percentage points higher for 2008. Using the unadjusted distributions with national a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2011 PPPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s a moment every four years to come together, review progress and make new commitments. But the continued work includes delivering on pledges made, and the tracking and reporting of these at least annually, using the <u> >>> UNHCR GRF dashboard <<< . Tracking in this way contributes</u> to the sum of global knowledge on what is working well, and what is more challenging, as well as ensuring there is clear data on financing to refugee education and on the enrolment, retention and holistic learning", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR GRF dashboard", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mental weaknesses in the investment climate.\n\n# **III. New evidence from the mid-80s: A look for Details**\n\nThe relative little importance of tax policy does not mean that it does not exert any impact on FDI. Looking at  >>> foreign direct investment figures <<< , it is certainly not a coincidence that FDI in tax haven countries in the Caribbean and South Pacific grew more than fivefold between 1985 and 1994, to over $200 billion. Ireland's tax policy has been generally recognized as a key factor in its success to attract international i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "foreign direct investment figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ediates used by a sector. To obtain (i), we calculate for each HS4 product the share of China in the product\u2019s world exports in 2015. We average this share by ISIC revision 3 broad sector (the classification used in the  >>> inputoutput tables <<< ), after mapping HS4 products to broad sectors. Then, we use each country\u2019s inputoutput table to construct for each given broad sector X the reliance on China as supplier of its inputs as the weighted average across all the broad sectors\u2019 average China share, where weights are gi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inputoutput tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Household**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||||**2002 to**|**Sq km)**|||\n||||||**2014**||||\n|10.|Nakaseke|137,300|197,369|43,167|3|57|20|4.2|\n|11.|Luwero|341,300|456,958|105,346|2.4|206|20.9|4.2|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> 2014 National Housing and Population Census Report_ <<<  \n\nBukomasimbi has the lowest population growth rate of 0.7% while Wakiso has the highest growth rate (6.6%) in the project area.  Population growth impacts resource use as a rapidly increasing population will put pressure on resources and possibly lead to resource depletion / de", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2014 National Housing and Population Census Report_", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "** review of  >>> imprest records <<<  revealed<sup>thatatotalofKshs.497,000waspaidin</sup> \n\n_Report of the Auditor-General on Judicial Performance_<sup>_Improvement Project-_</sup><sup>**_IDA_**</sup><sup>_Credit No.5181-KE for the year_</sup> _ended_ **_30_** _June,_ **_2019 -_** _The Judiciary_ \n\n2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "imprest records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "07.**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 0 5 10<br>Service output growth<br>Note: black - all countries, red - EU-15, blue - NMS, green - Accession<br>6<br>4<br>2<br>0<br>-2<br>-4<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ :  >>> World Development Indicators <<< , World Bank, 2010 and authors\u2019 calculations.\n\nTo better understand the link between services and growth in Europe we will look closer into the following questions: (1) Is there a growing importance of services in growth? (2) Is productivity of services increasing? (3) Is there a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e progress on this important question, in this paper we use a gravity model specification to investigate whether corruption could be identified as a push factor and/or as a pull factor shaping migration patterns.\n\nUsing  >>> data on bilateral migration flows <<<  across EU28 and EFTA countries between 2008 and 2018, we show that four different measures of corruption \u2013 both subjective and objective indicators \u2013 are strongly linked with migration flows. Across all the specifications considered in this paper, corruption is found to act both", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on bilateral migration flows", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", the bias that has been reported in the literature is relative to an assumed gold-standard unit (household) level model and the availability of up-to-date household-level census microdata. It is our view that if recent  >>> census data <<<  are available, the census-EBP method should be preferred. We argue, however, that in the absence of recent census data, the use of geospatial covariates may constitute a valid alternative for providing up-to-date small area estimates until data from the next census becomes avail", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "specific real exchange rate instruments, we have supplemented these data with information on the consumer price index from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank and bilateral nominal exchange rates from the  >>> International Financial Statistics <<<  of the International Monetary Fund.\n\nWe further use detailed administrative records on training provision collected by the largest training provider in the manufacturing sector\u2013 _Servi \u0327co Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial_ (SENAI), the training arm of the national confederati", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "International Financial Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Fiji, for example, Rewa Province (which captures the urban area of Suva, and had a population of around 101,000 at the time of the  >>> 2007 census <<< ) has a remoteness estimate (population-weighted average distance to all provinces) of 82km and an internal dispersion of 5km, while Rotuma Province (population 2,000) has a remoteness estimate of 318km and internal dispersion of 130km. Similarly, in Tonga, Tongatapu Province (wh", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2007 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ermit one to net out job gains by other workers that may have\n\n> 40 Moreover, both approaches to estimating job losses depend upon the modeled assignment of production versus nonproduction workers and the mapping to the  >>> LMPS <<< .\n\n26", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LMPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "water and food. This has increased the risk for gender-based violence especially when women and children move long distances in search of food, water and shelter materials. \n\nFrom January to March 2017, according to the  >>> GBV IMS <<< , the reported cases of GBV was 560 cases a slight drop from last quarter\u2019s reported cases at 575 cases. 97% of cases happened to female survivors and 19% of survivors were children. Physical assault continues to be the highest percentage of cases reported at 50% of total cases. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBV IMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "less data requirements. Regarding the last remark, we have started a new project on measuring the DVAR for a wide range of countries, based on the matched importer-exporter customs transaction data from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Exporter Dynamic Database <<<  and also applied it to Indonesia to analyze the impact of export ban on Nickel on downstream industry value-added creation.\n\n35", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Exporter Dynamic Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "numbers or other connections that do not reflect communications between individual customers. Pre-processing begins by identifying inconsistent or irrelevant CDRs and dropping them from the dataset. Each customer in the  >>> CDR dataset <<<  is then assigned a home location, which is generally inferred based on the network cell in which that customer is most active after 6pm. However, if that cell has less than 30 percent more activity than the next-most-active cell during the same period, it is assumed that the use", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CDR dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d penetration of only 1.7 percent. The country had a 70.6 percent mobile money penetration in September 2022 (the highest in the world, and a thriving technology ecosystem. Kenya is ranked third in the continent in the \u2018 >>> Networked Readiness Index <<< \u2019 2022 rankings. Kenya\u2019s digital agenda is championed by the country\u2019s top leaders and is reflected in the ambitious \u2018Vision 2030\u2019 aim of transforming Kenya into a regional ICT hub, coupled with a dedicated government ministry and agencies established to drive the digital agenda,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Networked Readiness Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d target setting.\n\n_Third,_ an interesting finding of this survey data is that services firms are farther from the frontier when it comes to adoption of structured management practices. Services firms were included in a  >>> MOPS framework survey <<<  for the first time in Mexico, where, as in the case of Slavonia and Croatia, it was also found that adoption of structured management practices is weaker relative to that in manufacturing (Bloom et al., 2019b). They attribute the lower management score in services to a lack of p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MOPS framework survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rast, returns to education are higher for women, possibly because education is a stronger signal of productivity for employers when experience is discounted due to discrimination. Second, we use these returns along with  >>> data on the schooling and experience distributions <<<  for men and women to compute the impact of the shock on the income of men and women separately. We find that differences are small, peaking on impact at 2 _._ 5% in high and middle income countries, and at just 1 _._ 7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on the schooling and experience distributions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "over 2013\u20132015. Their identification strategy relies, as in previous studies, on the quasi-random allocation of refugees (and ethnic Germans) across locations. The authors use rich German social security data matched to  >>> migration survey data <<< , which allow controlling for a large set of fixed effects and individual characteristics. They find that the larger initial ethnic networks are associated with higher employment probabilities for low and medium-level educated refugees in the first three years since arrival. Howe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "migration survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and nine (including five boys and four girls) injured from three EO explosions during the reporting period.  >>> Data collected in 2021 <<<  shows that improvised mines are the leading cause of civilian casualty accounting for 72% of the total civilian casualties followed by ERW which accounts for 26%. Children are particularly vulnerable to falling victims to ERW with the majority (79 %) of ERW casualties being chil", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data collected in 2021", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " _\u03b5ist_ is an error term. We report average marginal effects from a logit specification throughout (unless otherwise stated). Standard errors are clustered at the state level.\n\nWe estimate equation 1 using data from the  >>> European Labor Force Survey <<<  (EU-LFS) from 2010 to 2019. The treatment group consists of all mothers with the youngest child of age six. We consider two different control groups. First, we consider mothers with the youngest child of age three or four given that this group of women might be more similar to o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "European Labor Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " inactivity as _active_ , in the agriculture sector. Mostly likely, they did participate, but were doing unpaid and unrecognized work, and this should be captured.\n\n- f. For those still coded inactive or missing use the  >>> education, health, and age information <<<  to verify reasons for inactivity.\n\n> 19 Many surveys check for participation in household chores unpaid but considered \u201ceconomic\u201d (such as fetching water) in a separate section on household chores, not in the screening section.  This approach works as long as the analyst is care", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "education, health, and age information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "density regions, require upgrades and additional resources (classroom equipment, technology, and personnel) to accommodate additional children. \n\n**Current funding formulas constraints:** Funding formulas based on older  >>> enrollment data <<<  cause delays in financial responses, thereby straining the system as refugee enrollment numbers grow. \n\n## OBJECTIVES \n\n**Integration of refugee children in Moldova\u2019s education system:** Progressively increase the inclusion of refugee children in the Moldovan education system, s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "enrollment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dary ( _c.sec_ ), incomplete secondary ( _i.sec_ ), complete primary ( _c.pri_ ) and incomplete primary, the excluded category.\n\n# **_B3.Construction of relative supplies_**\n\nThe relative supplies are also computed from  >>> individual microdata <<<  from the sixteen countries in our sample. We use the working age population as a basis for the relative labor supplies, although the trends described in this paper are qualitatively the same if instead of using the population we construct our measures of relative supply, as in M", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "individual microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll as of the huge stock of young people in the 15-25 year old age group, need both foundational skills as well as basic digital skills. \n\n**10. There is strong evidence of demand for digital skills in classrooms.** In a  >>> survey on social media and education reform <<<  across 13 MENA countries, most respondents supported ICT in the classroom (Arab Social Media Report 2013).  Eighty-four percent of those surveyed felt universal internet access should be a norm and that children in schools should be able to access the internet on personal device", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey on social media and education reform", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " pledged in grants at the Brussels conference,  US$3.7 billion is for the three year period 2018-2020; and a further US$30 billion was pledged in the form of loans between 2017 and 2020 (Supporting Syria and the region,  >>> Post-Brussels Conference Financial Tracking <<< , October 2017). \n\nThe Global Concessional Financing Facility (CFF) \u2013 an initiative of the World Bank Group, the Islamic Development Bank and the UN \u2013 provides multi-year concessional financing that is not usually accessible \n\n**17**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Post-Brussels Conference Financial Tracking", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "c|Private|Public|Private|\n|Hourlyearnings|1,460|1,321|9,321|5,747|538%|335%|\n|Hourlybenefits|315|81|1,203|414|282%|414%|\n|Hours worked|1850|1621|2047|1892|11%|17%|\n\n_Source:_ Author\u2019s calculations based on VLSS 1993 and  >>> VHLSS 2006 data <<< .\n\nThe distribution of earnings for public and private employees and their changes over time is displayed in figure 1. In 1993, the public and private sectors were difficult to distinguish whereas, in 2006, the public sector wage distribution clearly dominated the private sector ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "VHLSS 2006 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u062928\u0648<br>. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u06293 .\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n.DESA,  >>> International Migration Stock <<< , 2020  \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 :\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<br>  \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0626\u0648\u0646\u201d \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648  \u0627 \u0627 :\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u0629<br>  .\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "International Migration Stock", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "razilian country codes into the international ISO system. The product codes at the six-digit level in the Brazilian data, for which no corresponding HS entries exist, were removed from the data. All export values in the  >>> SECEX data <<<  are reported in current U.S. dollars (USD), free on board (fob). We used observations on exporting plants, declared export values, export destinations and export quantities, and we aggregated monthly plant-level export information to years and firms. We focused solely on manufac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SECEX data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cel of land to a different parcel of land outside the settlement due to the planning and survey activities including demarcation of roads. **Cut-off date** is the start date of the socio-economic survey/census and asset  >>> inventory of PAPs <<< . Persons entering and/or occupying land in the project area after this date and not included in the inventory of PAPs will not be considered eligible for facilitation. Similarly, fixed assets such as structures, established after the cut-off date will not be compensated/facilita", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory of PAPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sure the effects of the AIA for firms around the threshold, thereby ignoring those for which the change in the AIA threshold is most significant.<sup>27</sup> We note some differences in the specification when using the  >>> capital investment or worker data <<<  and that on cloud, big data and AI. When studying the effects of AIA on capital investment or demand for data workers this data is available on an annual basis and therefore the treatment status of the firm is determined by these annual changes in the marginal incentive to inves", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "capital investment or worker data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "funding reported to the survey was passed to local and \n\nFigure 3: Question 7 of online survey - Approximately what share of your 3RP-related funding in 2017 is passed on to national and local organisations? \n\n\n\nSource:  >>> Online survey conducted with 3RP partners <<<  between 22 October and 10 November 2017 \n\n###### **Access to predictable, quality financing** \n\nAs well as the quantity of funding, the quality of funding going to local and national actors is also key. Previous research on resources for national NGOs concluded that their intern", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Online survey conducted with 3RP partners", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ompany. Unit: Constant 2011 U.S.<br>dollars. Source: Wordscope.|\n||Dummy variable that equals one for firms with stocks purchased by the Chinese national team during 2015-19. According to|\n|Government Stock<br>Purchases| >>> Wind database <<< , the national team is represented by five groups: (i) CSF (China Securities Finance Corporation Limited), (ii) CCH<br>(China Central Huijin Investment Limited), (iii) affiliates of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, (iv) CSF customized<br>asset management plans, and (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Wind database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ecesidad de mejorar los ingresos para cubrir las necesidades personales y contribuir a la econom\u00eda familiar, si ese es el caso. (Freitez, 2019)\u201d \n\nEn este texto la autora tambi\u00e9n afirma, de acuerdo con los resultados de  >>> ENCOVI 2018 <<< , que las razones pol\u00edticas han sido relegadas (as\u00ed como la violencia y la inseguridad) por esta \u201curgencia econ\u00f3mica\u201d como causa de emigrar.  Sin embargo, partimos de la premisa de que _la raz\u00f3n social es m\u00e1s que la econ\u00f3mica_<sup>6</sup> . Dicho de otra manera, la migraci\u00f3n decl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ENCOVI 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of Private Income (both in ceuh and kied) - Received by ricehst ago groCp 1-4 year., to uhildren in this age group; fur svsc developing coon5 percent, richeot 20 rprcent, poorest 20 pecent, aod poorent 40 percent trien  >>> data derived from life tables <<< ; 1960, 1970 cad 1980 data. of households. HEALTH POVERTY TARGbT GROOPP Life Expectancy at Birth (years) - aceage nn ber of ypas of lif resaining Th. following uesttaes are vroy approoimate - -eatree of poverty levels, cc birth; 1960, 1970 and 1900 data. und should be interpreted", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data derived from life tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "05, restricted to those who were 14-24 years old (93 _._ 5% of the full set of test takers). We further restrict the sample to students with data on all socioeconomic variables and test scores. We match this sample with  >>> higher education enrollment data from SPADIES <<< , and set an enrollment window of five years after high school graduation. We restrict graduation to take at least two and four years for those in SC programs and bachelor\u2019s programs, respectively. In addition, we restrict graduation age to the 19-30 year-old range. We remove stu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "higher education enrollment data from SPADIES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Implementation Completion Report (ICR) Review \n\n**Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)** UG-Competive. & Enterprise. Dev. Project (P130471) \n\n\n\nand sector reports and incorporated beneficiary feedback through  >>> satisfaction surveys <<<  and stakeholder consultations to assess service delivery improvements. \n\n**M&E arrangements were overall adequate** . A dedicated M&E team within PSFU managed data collection, validation, analysis, and reporting, enabling real-time progress tracking and timely adjustments. The P", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "satisfaction surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing in an effort to support private sector credit growth. Prior to the implementation of PA17, the interest rate cap rationed lending to the most creditworthy borrowers, thereby limiting credit for private investment. A  >>> survey conducted by the CBK <<<  a year after the introduction of interest rate caps on lending in 2016 found that the stock of credit to SMEs fell by 10 percent, but that credit to households and large borrowers continued to increase at a pace that was comparable to the rate which prevailed prior to introducti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey conducted by the CBK", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|**Country effects**|No|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|**Additional controls**|No|No|No|No|No|No|Yes|Yes|No|No|\n\nSource: own computations based on SEDLAC (CEDLAS and World Bank) and  >>> WDI <<<  (World Bank). Notes: Robust standard errors in brackets, clustered at the country level for", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|100.0|\n\nFollowing the same approach for the other two more conservative scenarios, we can calculate the unofficial economy index and shares, respectively, and present all three scenarios together in Tables 6 and 7. The  >>> data of Table 7 <<<  is depicted graphically in Figure 2.\n\nTable 6:", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data of Table 7", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hree parameters that need calibration \u2013 labor share of income \ufffd , \ufffd\ufffd depreciation rate \ufffd and initial capital\u2010to\u2010output ratio ~~.~~ \ufffd\ufffd\n\n- **Labor share of income:** \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. \ufffd\ufffd. The Penn World Tables 8.1 does not contain the  >>> labor share data <<<  for the case of Bangladesh. An alternative source that provides guidance for this parameter is the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP). The GTAP database contains information that can be used to calculate the aggregate labor share.<sup>5</sup>\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 0.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor share data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ND STYLIZED FACTS_\n\nWe employ two different indicators of agricultural and food policies: the nominal rate of assistance ( _NRA_ ) to agriculture and the relative rate of assistance ( _RRA_ ), both from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> agricultural distortions database <<<  (see Anderson and Valenzuela 2008, for calculation details). This database reports the most consistent and comparable estimates of agricultural protection across countries and over time. In our econometric analysis, we use a sample of 74 countries, comprising yearly data from 19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "agricultural distortions database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "migration categories, I primarily used the 1998 KMS data set to derive the household characteristics shown in Table 1. These can be viewed as baseline or pre-migration variables. The exceptions\u2014which I obtained from the  >>> 2003 KMS data set <<< \u2014are the number of dependents (e.g., children and spouse) who moved overseas and within India between survey rounds, the number of returning migrants after 1998, and the change in the number of employed household members in Kerala between 1998 and 2003.<sup>20</sup> Over this fiv", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2003 KMS data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o use the Bank\u2019s debarment list to ensure that persons or entities debarred or suspended by the Bank are not awarded a contract under the Program during the period of such debarment or suspension. The information on the  >>> list of debarred and suspended firms <<<  is public information in \u201cClients Connections\u201d, and on the Bank\u2019s website. The Government also agreed that they would include some disclosure measures in bidding documents for works, goods and services to be \n\n32 \n\n**Official Use**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "list of debarred and suspended firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er Price Index for All Urban Consumers\u201d is from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics and starts in 1913. For the period before that we rely on series gathered and cited by Reinhart and Rogoff (2009), in particular from the  >>> Historical Statistics of the United States <<< . Note that we only have ten USD bonds in our sample that were issued before 1913.\n\n## <u>US Corporate bond total return index, monthly, since 1900</u>\n\nThe US corporate bond return series is spliced by combining the returns on the S&P 500 AAA Investment Grade Corporate Bond Inde", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Historical Statistics of the United States", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> PIST reports <<<  demonstrate that the amount of international assistance channeled to or through public institutions in Lebanon is increasing (from US$77 million in 2014 to US$207 million in 2017), providing evidence of the transition towards resilience and stabilisation.** \n\n##### **Case study:", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PIST reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "such measures \u2013 national accounts systems (NAS) and household surveys (HHS) \u2013 often have large gaps between them and offer differing portrayals of living standards and economic growth. For example, for Pakistan in 2015,  >>> national accounts data <<<  suggest that average household consumption expenditure per capita was $9.3 per day at 2011 PPP, while the household survey indicates it was just a bit more than half of that, $4.9 per day at 2011 PPP.<sup>1</sup> In Botswana, the two recent household surveys suggest that per cap", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national accounts data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the household.  She feels secure in her community and in her home. \n\n> 22 Due to cultural sensitivities and the reluctance of men and women to report issues of GBV, only four questions were presented at the end of the  >>> quantitative survey <<<  in order to quantify the prevalence of GBV in the community and assess what impact, if any, CBIs have on patterns of violence. Due to the sensitivity of the questions being asked, only female interviewers conducted this part of the survey with female respondents. \n\n> 23 Ward, J.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quantitative survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " who benefits most from rural electrification. With its long history of rural electrification programs, diverse population, and geographic spread, India presents an ideal case for this study, which has benefitted from a  >>> large, nationally representative data set <<< . We apply an instrumental variable (IV) method in a fixed-effects (FE) framework to obtain unbiased estimates of the impacts of rural 2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "large, nationally representative data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "due to armed conflict but for more idiosyncratic reasons. We check robustness of this approach in two ways: (i) using all of the  >>> refugee stock observations <<<  available in the data set, and (ii) computing refugee flows as the positive time differences in refugee stocks from year to year (setting negative time differences to zero). The results are robust to these two alternatives.\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 1987 1992 1997 2002 200", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "refugee stock observations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5.4|\n|engineering/technology|11.6|6.9|8.2|9.0|\n|mathematics|1.4|1.8|2.0|2.2|\n|psychology|0.5|4.7|3.3|3.1|\n|social sciences|0.5|3.9|2.6|2.3|\n|health science|0.1|2.5|1.6|1.4|\n|professional fields|0.1|3.9|2.2|2.0|\n\nSource:  >>> Science and Engineering Indicators 2004 <<<  (National Science Board 2004) 47", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Science and Engineering Indicators 2004", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-generation with diesel generators from rural settlements in Chad that will be electrified by the Project is estimated from the AfdB study for the Cameroon-Chad interconnector.<sup>56</sup> This analysis starts from the  >>> 2016 demand reported in the AfdB study <<< <sup>57</sup> and assumes the demand of the rural settlements grows at the average population growth rate in Chad of 2.6 percent<sup>58</sup> . Table 3.4 reports the projected energy requirements for the rural settlements in Chad in the \u201cwithout Project\u201d scenario up to 2035. \n\n##", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2016 demand reported in the AfdB study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an address these factors, it is useful to understand where pockets of low rates of female labor participation exist. However, most labor force surveys can only provide adequate estimates for larger areas of aggregation.  >>> Mexico\u2019s labor force survey <<<  is no exception, as it can only provide estimates for urban and rural areas within states, as well as for select larger municipalities. Since Mexico has 32 states and 2,450 municipalities, reliable", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Mexico\u2019s labor force survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d gravity equation to estimate how trade facilitation costs and infrastructure affect trade flows using a gravity model.  They use data on port efficiency from the Global Competitiveness Report.  These data are based on  >>> perception surveys <<<  and may not be comparable across countries.\n\n> 2 In a related paper, Hummels and Skiba (2004) provide evidence that trade volumes affect the timing of adopting containerized shipping and reduce shipping costs.\n\n2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "perception surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u201cMid-year trends\u201d, \u201cAsylum trends\u201d, to a \u201cStatistical Yearbook\u201d. There is a consensus that these data provide the most reliable source of information (Sarzin 2016).\n\nOur analysis exclusively uses data from the 1951-2015  >>> UNHCR Population Statistics Reference database <<<  (extracted September 18 2015). Data were provided for 173 countries: 77 percent of these data were based on individual refugee registration, 13 percent on estimates, 5 percent on combined estimation and registration, and 5 percent on other sources. The data are structured as fol", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR Population Statistics Reference database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 16<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 20<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Note : Data is extracted from the  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<< . Number of Observations: 6,345<br><!-- End of picture text --> Figure 3 shows the median survival time by country, which ranges between 7 (Ukraine) and 16 weeks (Peru). Kazakh and Kenyan firms are as cash constrained as Ukrainian firms (also at 7 weeks) and have a survival time ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "581|\n|Losses(GWh)|81|87|93|101|109|117|125|134|143|153|163|172|182|193|204|216|\n\n\n\n_Source: Le Secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie au Tchad \u2013 Pistes de Solutions pour une Electricit\u00e9 Disponible et Accessible, Technidev, Octobre 2019 ;  >>> SNE Activity Report \u2013 2017 <<<  ;/ World Bank Power Sector Note for the Republic of Chad, June 2018_ \n\nPage 106", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SNE Activity Report \u2013 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "astructure for development is an accumulation of evidence that infrastructure investment in LDCs is suboptimal. The primary objective of this study is to isolate the factors influencing public infrastructure investment.  >>> Pooled cross-national and time-series data <<<  covering 27 low and middle income economies over the 1980-1986 period are utilized to assess the relative influence of the internal features of an economy, government objectives, specifically the extent of commitment to poverty alleviation, and external assistance on observed in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Pooled cross-national and time-series data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng to the minimum wage (the annual value of minimum wage for the employees without higher education is 5,531 EUR, the annual value of minimum wage for the employees in the construction sector is 7,441 EUR). However, the  >>> imputed tax income data <<<  spike is significantly higher than that observed in EU-SILC data. The spike in the value of minimum wage may be seen as evidence that the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "imputed tax income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lies large sunk or fixed costs (Barrett 2004). Moving out of agriculture, where poverty rates are often much higher than in other sectors, is one example of such choices.\n\nOur intersectoral migration estimations rely on  >>> past data <<< , however by embedding the mover-stayer model within a more complete income generation microsimulation approach we can model occupational dynamics and test (or simulate) some relevant hypotheses (scenarios). Our focus is on global trade liberalization. Recent studies show that a ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "past data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|||||\n|_Contributions_|11.7|7.0|2.0|0.5|\n|_Pension Assets_|3.2|0.6|0.2|0.1|\n|Real Investment Returns|0.0|1.3|4.8|2.9|\n|(% per annum)|||||\n\nSources: World Bank - _Averting Old Age Crisis;_ Factbook on Jamsostek 1994; and  >>> data provided by Pt. Taspen <<< .\n\n**_Resource Mobilization_** With low compliance, high lapse rates and poor investment results, resource mobilization under the program has been limited. While similar programs in Chile, Singapore and Malaysia have accumulated assets of at least one-third of GDP, Jamsostek is n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data provided by Pt. Taspen", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ":  >>> Online survey <<<  conducted with 3RP partners between 22 October and 10 November 2017. \n\nThe online survey asked respondents to identify the main challenges with regards to national and local actors fully participating in coordination processes (see Figure 12). The main challenges to emerge are t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Online survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the situation _**|**_essment available on the specifi_**<br>**_for the entire geographic area o _**|**_c area or target_**<br>**_rtarget group._**|\n\n\n\n## <u>Syrian refugees</u> \n\n## _National_ \n\nHandicap International\u201fs  >>> Livelihoods August 2013 assessment <<<  noted that finding food in Lebanon is not an issue.  It is available in quantity and quality in all areas assessed (the North, Bekaa, Beirut and Mount Lebanon, and the South). \n\nHandicap International\u201fs assessment explained that, at the time of the assessment, a main source of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Livelihoods August 2013 assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "problems across countries in terms of the survey instruments used. The  >>> Estonia and Poland data sets <<<  document in great detail the employment dynamics experienced by these countries between 1989 and 1995, using both official government data and information collected through a labor force survey.\n\n# **Responses to Crises and Institutional Changes**\n\nFollowing the transition from ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Estonia and Poland data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "younger girls to school.\n\nUnfortunately, the exam records do not identify which students belong to the same household, preventing us from testing these hypotheses using the same outcomes already considered. However, the  >>> Gambian Integrated Household Survey data <<<  allow us to explore the enrollment response using a richer set of individual and household characteristics. We use the 1992, 1998, 2003, and 2010 waves of the survey, limiting the sample to secondary school-aged boys (13\u201318) in regions 2\u20136. The data record all household members,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gambian Integrated Household Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "We use GDP per capita (expressed in current international dollars converted by purchasing power parity (PPP) as per the end of the year 2019 as a measure of economic development. The data are taken from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development Indicators <<< .\n\n**Macro-financial fundamentals.** On the one hand, the current account, fiscal deficits, and high levels of public and private debt may limit the capacity to mount an effective policy response. On the other hand, external and debt sustainability vulnerabilities as well as crow", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ding evidence in favor of convergence of the algorithm.\n\n# **4 Data**\n\nThis section, along with Appendix A3, provide the definitions, transformations, and sources of the data used in the baseline model (and extensions).  >>> Data for 54 advanced economies and EMDEs <<<  are used in the baseline model from 1980Q1 to 2022Q4 (see table A3.1). The main variables are described in table 1 and the baseline", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data for 54 advanced economies and EMDEs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dures for foreign exchange allocation \n\n**9.** Uganda's external debt was inadequately monitored and controlled during the 1970s, and it is therefore difficult to present clear data. The World Bank's estimates, based on  >>> data from the Uganda Treasury <<<  and the Bank of Uganda, show total external debt outstanding of US$920 million at the end of 1981, of which US$620 million was disbursed. IBRD's share of tla\u00bds was 4.2% while 9J9% was due to IDA. Official development loans accounz lor less than two-thirds of outstanding debt, Th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the Uganda Treasury", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ial members of the European Union (prior to the 2004 enlargement), Norway, and Switzerland. This region is the destination for an estimated 60 million of some 272 million immigrants worldwide. The analysis is based on a  >>> harmonized labor force dataset <<<  that contains detailed information on personal characteristics (such as age, education, occupation and sector) of native workers and labor migrants in hundreds of local labor markets in subregions within European countries.<sup>2</sup> We find that native-born workers in Europea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "harmonized labor force dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le State. Revised figure for Darfur (from 841,000 to<br>421,000)|\n||United States<br>of America*|<br>Refugees|+464,000|Refugee pop. estimated by UNHCR in the absence of a<br>Government figure. Newly available data on<br> >>> naturalization of refugees <<<  indicates that the average<br>waiting time for refugees to naturalize is at least 10<br>years. Previously it was estimated at 5 years. The<br>UNHCR estimate for 2006 has been adjusted to reflect<br>this change.|\n\n\n\n* Can also be included under the Cluster approach \n\n**_15_**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "naturalization of refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "decision to treat capital remunerations as exogenous and hence losing some of the macromicro consistency conforms to the limitation of  >>> household surveys <<<  to capture incomes deriving from capital (see Szekely and Hilgert, 1999).\n\nA structuralist feature introduced in the model is the assumption of labor market segmentation. Some degree of labor segmentation is allowed between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors and, within u", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_ ), cost of labor ( _wtLit_ ), cost of capital ( _rtKit_ ), cost of domestic materials \ufffd _p_<sup>_D_</sup> _t_<sup>_M D_</sup> _it_ \ufffd, and cost of imported materials \ufffd _p_<sup>_W_</sup> _t_<sup>_M W_</sup> _it_ \ufffd: From  >>> customs transaction data <<< , we observe the total value of firms imports, _IMPit_ . Let\u2019s define 0 _\u2264 \u03ba \u2264_ 1 equals the share of imports that is used for exports, such that _p_<", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "customs transaction data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion 4), effectively determining how firms and the government share risk. Furthermore, the size categorization allows us to cover all firms in our sample, permitting a better mapping between the debt levels computed from  >>> micro and macro data <<< .\n\n22", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "micro and macro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly that they live in households with similar socio-economic and demographic characteristics as determined by their corresponding poverty index score. These data are also matched with the electoral census. Then we append  >>> Sisben-electoral census <<<  with SIFA-electoral census to produce a sample that is comprised of individuals below and above the cutoff score that establishes eligibility to FA. The matched sample shows that 86% of the FA beneficiaries are registered in the _SISBEN_ . The rest is mostly comprised of displac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Sisben-electoral census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "municipalities, with only Ethiopia having 91 towns. _Third_ , they need to tabulate  >>> product price data <<<  that is essential for calculating technical efficiency. _Fourth_ , they need to be accessible. The only advanced country with price data we were able to get access to was Belgium which did not meet the second criterion. In the end, however, we have substantial representativeness", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "product price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s_ received at least one new secondary school between 2000 and 2009, _control municipalities_ did not receive a new school between 2000 and 2009.\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 analysis based on school data from the 2002 wave of the  >>> Brazilian School Census <<< ; official population estimates from the Brazilian Census Bureau; births by age from Brazilian Vital Statistics.\n\n31", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Brazilian School Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he World Bank** Decentralization and Productive Intermediate Cities Support Project (P169332) \n\n\n\n## **ANNEX 8: Gender Analysis, Actions, and Indicators** \n\n## **Gender Analysis** \n\n## **Mauritania in General** \n\n1. The  >>> 2020 Global Gender Gap Index <<< <sup>62</sup> gave Mauritania a score of 0.614 (where 1 = gender equality), signaling that Mauritania continues to make progress in closing gender gaps particularly in education and political empowerment. On the other hand, Mauritania lags in providing economic empowerment and op", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2020 Global Gender Gap Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and drilling works .Due to the insufficiency of the  >>> source survey <<<  some of the proposed well sites were changed. This in turn delayed the civil construction. Most of the towns have almost completed the civil construction. The civil construction includes lying of transmission and distribution pipes, construction of reservoirs, operation building", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "source survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sparities among municipalities in income and poverty in 2000 (L \u0301opez-Calva et al. 2008; Sz \u0301ekely et al. 2007) by applying small area estimation techniques to impute incomes from the main household income survey to the  >>> population census <<< . Using this technique and logistic regressions, Mexico\u2019s National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (CONEVAL) has computed rates of and changes in income poverty between 2000 and 2005 and multidimensional poverty between 2010 and 2015 across municipalities.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d Trends in Industrialized Countries, First Half 2008** \n\n**Table 12. Top-10 nationalities of asylum applicants by country of asylum, second quarter 2008 (continued)** Covering 44 industrialized countries which provided  >>> monthly data <<<  to UNHCR. An asterisk (*) indicates a value between 1 and 4. \n\n|Malta||Montenegro||Netherlands||New Zealand||Norway||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Somalia|158|Albania|*|Iraq|1,345|Iraq|19|Iraq|619|\n|C\u00f4te d'Ivoire|100|Belarus|*|Somalia|636|Islamic Rep. of Iran|7|Eri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monthly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "25 both by economic contraction (mean income in the  >>> PNAD sample <<<  fell from R$332 in 1981 to R$316 in 1993) and by rising inequality, but rising inequality was the dominant force. The redistribution component was the larger force behind increasing poverty between 1981 and 1993, across all poverty lines and measures, and its power was greatest ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PNAD sample", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "020). In constructing our measure of the \u201cteleworkability\u201d of a job, we follow Dingel and Neiman (2020), who calculate the amenability of different occupations for telework in the United States by using surveys from the  >>> Occupational Information Network <<<  (O*NET) on work context and generalized work activities. Jobs that are not considered to be amenable to telework arrangements are defined to include those with the following attributes: requiring workers to spend most time outdoors; requiring workers to\n\n> 4 <u>https://eur-lex.e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Occupational Information Network", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lso seen in Figure 2, is based on two main considerations: i) this size not only permits getting maximum percentage errors less than 10%, which can also reach 5.7%, which is even below the estimated maximum value in the  >>> EBCNV 2015 <<< ; ii) thus, the total cost of the survey will be about 5.2 million Tunisian dinars, with a 1.7 million dinar increase in cost when compared with the initial estimated budget.\n\n# **5. Discussion, further research, and concluding remarks**\n\nIn this paper we have proposed an origina", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EBCNV 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "7 North of Equator. The area coverage of GMC is 54.4Km2 which represents about 2 % of the District Land coverage. Existing characteristics of Gulu Municipality are shown below. **a) Demography and Economy** \n\nDuring the  >>> 2002 population and housing census <<< , Gulu Municipality had a population of 119,430 people, 59,023 of which are male and 60,407 are females. Commerce is the dominant component of the economy followed by the service sector, industry, construction and then agriculture. Commerce is carried out in form of wholesale and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2002 population and housing census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " owner|Cash compensation for affected land,<br>taking into account market values for the<br>land<br>Opportunity cost compensation<br>equivalent to 5% of net annual income<br>based on tax records for previous year (or<br> >>> tax records from comparable business <<< , or<br>estimates where such records do not<br>exist).|\n|||Business owner is<br>lease holder|Opportunity cost compensation<br>equivalent to 10% of net annual income<br>based on tax records for previous year (or<br>tax records from comparable business,or|\n\n\n\n57", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax records from comparable business", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lem in which each household is assigned to a diary or a recall module to minimize the overall impact of survey errors. We therefore study which assignment would make the inequality and poverty measurements computed from  >>> raw data <<<  as close as possible to their true values. We show that the optimal solution to this problem is a mix of diaries and recall interviews, with relatively more well-off households assigned to diaries. Although a 4", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "raw data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " that pay wage subsidies to firms (e.g. Galasso et al. (2004); Levinsohn et al. (2014)), it raises the question of how the process can be simplified to increase program take-up. When we ask eligible beneficiaries in the  >>> endline survey <<<  why they did not complete the paperwork, the most frequent responses include that the registration process was too complicated (23%), people forgetting about it (21%), and that they lost the payment card or contact information (20%).\n\nFocusing on vocational school graduates, we ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "endline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s,<sup>1</sup> embedded in a range of investment organizations, meet startups once. They receive a venture overview, written by Vilcap, meet approximately three founders for thirty minutes, and evaluate startups using a  >>> Vilcap survey <<<  where they decide if they wish to conduct due diligence, and ask for additional information\n\n> 1 Professional investors were invited by Vilcap and included other accelerator managers, investors from angel groups, and early-stage venture capital", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Vilcap survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for other groups such as older workers and those with lower education\u2014women remain more disadvantaged than men (figure 3).\n\n# **Figure 3 Unemployment rate by gender, age, and education: Tunisia, 2014**\n\n> 1 World Bank,  >>> World Development Indicators <<<  (WDI), 2019, https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worlddevelopment-indicators.\n\n8", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rict headquarters are situated in Adjumani TC, Central Parish, Molokpoda village. Adjumani district has a total area of about 3128km<sup>2</sup> of which land area is 3081.2km<sup>2</sup> . \n\n#### **_Population_** \n\nThe  >>> 2014 Population and Housing Census <<<  established the total population of Adjumani District (East Moyo county) at 231,623, of which 52.2% were female and 47.8% were male. This conforms to the country situation where there are more female than males. Pakele sub-county has the highest \n\n105", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2014 Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "able, the unbanked population in Mexico is somewhat less educated than the banked population, is less likely to be working, and has a lower household income. These patterns are broadly consistent with those found in the  >>> U.S. survey <<< .\n\n# B.  Where do the unbanked get financial services?\n\nIndividuals who do not use banks still need financial services. If they have any financial savings, they need a means to safeguard their savings. If they receive income in the form of a check, they need a means to convert th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "U.S. survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of Congo, Jeandron et al. (2015) link water interruptions to increased cholera incidence rate using  >>> time series data <<<  combining admission information from a Cholera Treatment Center and daily variations of water supplied by the water treatment plant. They find that the suspected cholera incidence rate typically increases by 155% over the next 12 days following one day of outage, compared to the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "time series data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>.6<br>.6 .5 .25<br>.5<br>.5 .2<br>.4 .4 .4 .15<br>Wage Premium, High School-Dropouts<br>.8 .6 .3 .45<br>.55 .25 .4<br>.6 .45.5 .2 .35<br>.4 .4 .15 .3<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: own computations based on  >>> SEDLAC <<<  (CEDLAS and World Bank).\n\n49", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|China|2009|2,206|6,200|43|17.7|85|\n|Japan|1960|5,493|6,976|35|20.0|9.7|\n|Korea,Rep.|1982|3,709|6,123|25|14.6|2.3|\n\nSources: World Bank,  >>> World Development Indicators database <<< ; International Labour Organization, LABORSTA; China, National Bureau of Statistics (2010).\n\nIn the absence of detailed data on manufacturing employment in all African countries, one can only conjecture about the size of the potential gains for the region. Still, even back-of-the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> health workforce data <<< , which are the result of concerted efforts by the WHO to gather cross\u2010 national data on workforce numbers since 1990. Because the demand model requires rich historical data on health worker densities, separate models for nurses/midwife and all other health professionals could no", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "health workforce data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " non-linear relationship between HCI and spending is that, above a certain amount, government spending is crowding out private spending. When we look at the relationship between HCI and private spending per capita (from  >>> WHO-GHED <<< ), we find a pattern that is remarkably similar to the one observed for public spending (Figure 8). We also see no evidence for government spending crowding out private spending (or vice-versa) (Figure A.4).\n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WHO-GHED", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Mbarara respectively recording having had a case in the recent past. Respiratory tract infections were noted at 18% and 24% for Kiruhura and Mbarara respectively. Findings for occurrence of common illnesses reckon with  >>> national statistics <<<  that indicate that malaria is the most common illness among the population. Other illnesses recorded included diarrhoea, worms and ulcers featured prominently. \n\nFindings further indicated that 40% of the households in Kiruhura said they lived in a distance of 0-1km from the nea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n\u2018s rather dismal performance on a range of development indicators. According to the 1998 Human Development Report, for example, Pakistan ranked 138 out of 174 on the Human Development Index (HDI), 131 out of 163 on the  >>> Gender Development Index <<<  (GDI), and 100 out of 102 on the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM).\n\n> 18 While RCONs team members were new in the villages, MRDO staff had been working in the area, although their coverage was still low. According to Table 1, only around 11 percent of the women in the sample wer", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gender Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ons of USD<br>120<br>100<br>80<br>60<br>40<br>20<br>0<br>1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003<br>Total PPI Infrastructure Privatization Difference<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> PPI and World Bank databases <<< \n\n# _Financial sector_\n\n23. The share of financial sector proceeds has almost doubled since the 1990s, increasing from 12 percent to 19 percent of total proceeds in recent years. Banking and other financial service firms represented 88 percent of financial sector revenues, with i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PPI and World Bank databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "text --> .2<br>.1<br>0<br>Coefficient<br>-.1<br>-.2<br>1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013<br><!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> survey data <<<  from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The plots are created by regressing firm-level TFPR on a full set of time indicators interacted with Germany\u2019s initial export share and controlling for firm and year fixed effects (equation (5)). The omitted baseline is the last pre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "downloaded on this page. While these sites are included in the coverage statistics presented here, all other statistics (e.g. number of protected areas; breakdown by governance type etc.) on this page are based upon the  >>> publiclyavailable data <<<  only.\u201d <u>htps://www.protectedplanet.net/country/CHN</u>\n\n36", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "publiclyavailable data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "* _._ **_Banking regulation_**\n\nCredit registry information can also assist in the determination or refinement of the regulatory rules themselves. Many public credit registries are intimately tied to provisioning rules.  >>> PCR information <<<  can be used to analyze if current provisioning is adequate. In some cases, the very design of the PCR reflects the provisioning rules in place so there is an important feedback between rules, the information that is generated and the subsequent refinement of those rules. However", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PCR information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0.23|0.00|0.22|6.42|n|\n|**Turkey**|2005|781.24|98|765.62|14.55|0.89|16.49|1.86|0.04|y|\n|**Uganda **|2009|39.81|12.1|4.82|0.09|0.75|12.52|0.22|3.10|n|\n|**Yemen**|2005|46.13|99.1|45.71|0.82|1.28|0.00|1.78|0.87|y|\n\nSource:  >>> World Bank Databank <<< \n\n# **_Qard-al-Hasan_ as a tool for financial inclusion**\n\nQard-al-Hasan (QH henceforth) is defined in _Shariah_ as an interest free loan.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Databank", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n (score)_\n\nThis analysis builds on scenarios used to estimate the learning losses from simulation 1 and provides an estimate of how much learning will be lost during school closures necessitated by COVID-19 in terms of  >>> PISA <<<  scores. Estimates are based on (i) typical test score gains from one grade to the next, (ii) data on availability of alternative schooling modalities, (iii) assumptions on the effectiveness of these alternative modalities, and (iv) assumptions on duration of school closures. Res", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PISA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion Panel Survey conducted by Egypt\u2019s national statistical agency, compares the changes in the _static_ poverty profiles (based on growth incidence curves on a cross-section of data) with poverty _dynamic_ s (relying on  >>> panel data <<< , growth incidence curves and transition matrices). The two approaches yield contrasting results: the longitudinal analysis reveals that growth benefited the poor while the cross-sectional analysis shows that the rich benefitted even more. The paper also shows the importance of g", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " with values of adjusted R<sup>2</sup> always below 0.15. The fit is substantially better when one uses the survey regression variables (first column of numbers in Table 8), but these are not available in the absence of  >>> survey data <<< . When the public data are added to the survey regression variables the improvement in fit is always very small.\n\nOne could look more systematically for potential predictors of real per capita income for major groups, but our basic explorations are not promising. There do not app", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# 4.2 Results\n\nThis section discusses the overall results of the four outcomes reviewed by the study using the  >>> database of 762 results <<< . Table 7 provides the full results for the four outcomes classified into positive, non-significant and negative values where positive and negative values are intended as significant. Figure 3 provides an overview of the share of these results by outcome. Table 8 provides the res", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of 762 results", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " aims to measure if teaching practices inspire curiosity and interest and whether teachers are able to hold the student\u2019s attention in class and provide the basis for continuing interest. The questions were based on the  >>> Student Tripod Survey <<< , a pre-specified well-known questionnaire validated by the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.<sup>26</sup> Column (1) of Table A4.1 lists the questions used to build this index, which we named Captivate Index. These q", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Student Tripod Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Somalia the countries with which Ethiopia shares longer geographic boundaries are classified as fragile states. The war between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) entered its first year.  >>> Security and Humanitarian Reports <<<  have shown that the growing spillover of the conflict in Sudan is likely to destabilize the immediate border areas of Ethiopia which could have national-level security threats. The clashes in Sudan have led to an influx of refugees and returnees into Ethiopia. The primary entry ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Security and Humanitarian Reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ral Democratic Republic of Ethiopia \u25aa Ethiopian Electric Power Jima II \u2013 Limu Genet 132kV Power TL & SS Subproject_ \n\n_Resettlement Plan FINAL Report_ \n\n###### **Marital Status of HH Heads and HH population** \n\nBased on  >>> marital status survey result <<< , 80.1% of the PAHs were married and 6.4% never married. The proportion of subproject affected household heads without partnership or spouse constituted 12.1% of the total household heads of which the proportion of widowed household heads were 9.0%, 2.9% divorced, and 0.2% separa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "marital status survey result", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "reasons. First, there is no evidence of strategic relocation of ex-combatants. The registers include  >>> data on village of origin and return <<< . Comparing these for each of the ex-combatants, we find that around 88% have come back to their colline of origin, and 92% to their home municipality. Formally, our analysis of the relative influence of unobservables compared to observables suggests that our results are not driv", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on village of origin and return", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d Bank Enterprise Survey with those from 2004. For the firm-level innovation analysis, it compares findings from the 2011 World Bank Enterprise Survey with a representative sample of enterprises collected as part of the  >>> Sri Lanka Longitudinal Survey of Enterprises <<< . The empirical findings highlight the importance\u2014for cluster-level productivity, firmlevel total factor productivity, and innovation\u2014of connectivity to global knowledge (reflected by one or more of export participation, directly imported inputs, foreign ownership, and use of the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Sri Lanka Longitudinal Survey of Enterprises", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|5|5|5|5|5|5|\n|Japan|1|2|1|2|1|2|2|2|\n|Korea, Rep.|2|3|2|3|2|3|3|4|\n|Thailand|4|4|4|4|4|4|4|3|\n\nSource: World Bank,  >>> WITS database <<< . Note: Rankings established from data at the two-digit level for exports in the WITS database.\n\nThe international division of labor and production offers another angle for examining the flyinggeese pattern. Table 2, based on historical trade statistics for footwear, offers credi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WITS database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es, as well different political systems.<sup>4</sup> The purpose of this section is to situate the overall pattern of legislative predictability in the Kingdom of Jordan in a\n\n> 4 The figures are calculated based on the  >>> LEGDAT dataset <<<  (mid-2023 version). More information on the data and country scope can be found www.globalcorruptionpbservatory.com.\n\n10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LEGDAT dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sehold in the _listing_ . Instrumenting by a measure of one variable by another measure of the same variable corrects for measurement error if the two measures have uncorrelated measurement errors (Wooldridge 2010). The  >>> household survey <<<  and the listing are two sets of data on the same households that are independently collected. The two measures of the education of the head of household are strongly but not perfectly correlated: the correlation between the two measures is 0.78. The first stages are reported in ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ome measures (Constantinescu et al., 2022).\n\nIn this paper, we analyze how the pandemic affected firm-level imports and exports in Indonesia as well as quantify the role of non-tariff measures on imports, using detailed  >>> monthly firm-level trade data <<<  from February 2019 to June 2021. We measure the effect of the pandemic on a variety of outcomes, including firm-level export and import values, volumes, number of transactions, and number of products. To measure the effects of NTMs on firm-level trade, we compare various firmlev", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monthly firm-level trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "affected, a state of emergency was declared, or international assistance was provided. We used  >>> EMDAT data <<<  from 2000 to 2023 from each region in the world for comparison (Table 3).<sup>5</sup> We find that, in our sample, the share of studies on subSaharan Africa is similar to the reported incidence of climate shocks in EMDAT. The share of studies on South Asia is higher than the rep", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMDAT data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e six GCC countries from 2007 to 2017. This period is the only time where the GCI scores are methodically consistent and comparable across years.\n\nThe final source, UNCTAD\u2019s Export Concentration Ratio (also known as the  >>> Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index <<< ), measures a country\u2019s export market concentration as follows: where Hc is the index for country _c_ , xi is the value of exports for product _i_ , X is the sum of export values across all products, and n is the number of products. We rescale the index so that 0 is the least con", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Herfindahl-Hirschmann Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "model consumption using a regression model inclusive of easily measurable household characteristics as independent variables. The estimated coefficients from the model are then used to predict consumption for FDPs using  >>> census data <<<  (usually FDPs registration data) that lack consumption but include the same household characteristics used with the baseline survey model. This method has been tested with refugees in Jordan and Chad (Dang and Verme, 2021, Beltramo et al., 2021) providing encouraging preliminary", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ses in purchasing power brought about by the spike in staple food prices caused per capita consumption of wheat products to increase as the income effect of the price change dominated the substitution effect.\n\nThese new  >>> survey data <<<  provide a unique opportunity to calculate indicators of socioeconomic development and to analyze changes in these outcomes over time.<sup>49</sup> Such analysis is particularly crucial in conflict areas, which may be most susceptible to shocks, but which usually have little quan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hat during the period in which households were interviewed in 1995 (April-May), food expenditures were at a seasonal low and nonfood expenditures were at a seasonal high for West Forest export crop farmers. However, the  >>> 1985-1988 data <<<  do not support this hypothesis. Carrying out regressions similar to those presented in table 24, the regression coefficient for West Forest*cocoa and coffee farners*April-May dummy is positive but not significant with respect to food, and negative but not significant for nonfood", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1985-1988 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sofar, the specification provides an attractive way for comparing macro and micro evidence on the returns to schooling, but in a time series context tends to produce fragile parameter estimates. Nevertheless, when using  >>> aggregated data <<<  on human capital the regressions perform quite satisfactorily. Table 7 presents the results. Controlling for endogeneity does not distort the empirics. In the IV specification 1\n\n-38-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "aggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Release 2) put together by Borchert et al. (2020) for our baseline results for three reasons: first, to estimate Equation 4 theory-consistent and to be able to include trends for globalization, we need  >>> data on international and domestic trade flows <<<  (Yotov 2021). In contrast to other standard sources for trade data such as UN Comtrade or CEPII\u2019s Baci (Gaulier and Zignago 2010), the ITPDE covers both, inter- and intranational trade. Second, deep trade agreements typically cover trade in both goods and services (Mattoo, Rocha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on international and domestic trade flows", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "they cover. However, a global analysis of UNHCR\u2019s urban refugee operations was missing. The Urban Refugee Steering Group commissioned this review of its largest urban refugee operations in 2012. This study is based on a  >>> detailed survey <<<  that was sent to the agency\u2019s 24 programs with urban refugee programs that numbered more than 5,000 according to UNHCR\u2019s 2011 statistics. The survey sought to gauge the rate of implementation for each of the 24 UNHCR operations against the twelve protection strategies set forth ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "detailed survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ticipation in the distribution activity and household prices with taxes, industrial prices with taxes, household prices without taxes, and industrial prices without taxes (all corresponding to\n\n> 12 The data is from the  >>> OLADE data base <<<  which only", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OLADE data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "perienced increased economic growth compared to their counterparts. This impact persisted decades after the county was fully electrified. Electrification also has long-lasting effects on the productivity of firms. Using  >>> cityindustry level data from the United States <<<  for the years 1890 \u2013 1940, Fiszbein et al (2020) show a rapid increase in the labor productivity rates in the manufacturing sector.\n\nAs in developed economies, electricity is a key input to producing goods and services and improving the quality of life in developing countries. T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cityindustry level data from the United States", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Participation in ATPb in the sample of the study by ESECA (1997) <!-- Start of picture text --> 300<br>250<br>e 200<br>X 150<br>X100<br>50<br>1993 1994 1995 1996<br>Year<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Based on  >>> data from ESECA <<<  (1997a)\n\n# **Measuring Paid-Extension Costs and Performances in Nicaragua**\n\nIn this section we will apply the analytical procedures that were presented earlier. First we will use some of the findings of ESECA (1997) to derive several performance measures. Without distinction be", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from ESECA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tant contributor to the improved health of Ugandans, and a comprehensive program to improve governance in the water sector was introduced.    Corruption overall remained an issue, however, with no net improvement in the  >>> Transparency International\u2019s annual survey <<<  results, although a number of measures were introduced to better address this issue (PFM, strengthening the IGG and the anti-corruption part of the judiciary). A number of other areas of institutional strengthening also occurred (discussed further below). \n\n**Overall rating** : ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Transparency International\u2019s annual survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".3<br>.6 .5 .25<br>.5<br>.5 .45 .2<br>.4 .4 .4 .15<br>Wage Premium, High School-Dropouts<br>.8 .6 .3 .45<br>.55 .25 .4<br>.6 .45.5 .2 .35<br>.4 .4 .15 .3<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: own computations based on  >>> SEDLAC <<<  (CEDLAS and World Bank).\n\n52", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "A number of findings stand out based on the  >>> host government data <<< .\n\n# \uf0d8 **_In all six host countries, the numbers of Chinese investment projects proved to be several times higher than those recorded by the MOC system, confirming the suspicions of many in China._**\n\nFigure 4 below shows the number of Chinese investment projects that are \u201cin ope", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "host government data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nant of FDI in simple and multiple regressions.\n\nMuch of the literature of the period used highly aggregate data, evaluating the correlation between annual changes in FDI flows, and a series of factors, including In the  >>> Fortune/Deloitte & Touche's survey <<< , taxes ranked at the 13 t position out of 26 factors.\n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Fortune/Deloitte & Touche's survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "). GDP = gross domestic product; PPP = purchasing power parity.\n\na The figures for rural Vietnam, using the 2015 Vietnam Household Registration Survey (VHRS), are much higher than the figures presented in JMP, using the  >>> Household Living Standards Survey <<<  (HLSS) 2012 that shows a rural rate of 13 percent. This is likely due to differences in the regional coverage of each survey. The VHRS 2015 has a sample that is representative of the population in five provinces\u2014Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Noi, Da Nang, Binh Duong, and Dak Nong\u2014 while ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Living Standards Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "commissioners of each of the adversely affected firms. They subsequently list all conglomerates owned by each of the members as well as all firms that are part of these conglomerates. They then merge these data with the  >>> annual manufacturing survey <<<  in 1997. In our data we have 246 politically connected firms. A Suharto family member owned or served on the board of 86 (35 percent) of these firms. To identify such Suharto family firms, Mobarak and Purbasari used information obtained from the Castle Group on board membership.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual manufacturing survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " civil law, the German civil law, the Scandinavian civil law and the Socialist law countries. To identify the legal origin of the country, we use five different dummy variables to capture each type of legal system using  >>> data from LLSV <<<  (1998, 1999). We refer to the effect of legal origin on property rights as the **_Law and Finance view._** Acemoglu, Johnson, and Robinson (2001) (henceforth AJR) argue that in many countries, especially former colonies, the legal system was not designed to protect property righ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from LLSV", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "p Working Wedding Housing Health Cattle Repay Financial Education<br>equipment loan saving<br>0.5<br>0.4<br>0.3<br>% of respondents 0.2<br>0.1<br>0.0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ : Authors\u2019 analysis based on  >>> data described in the text <<< .\n\nEx-combatants also invested part of their allowances in productive assets. More than 50% of ex-combatants reported investing part of the grant in a plot of land, 23% of them invested in a small shop, 19% in working equipment, and one ex-combatant reported buying a cow. The eco", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data described in the text", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and global studies. After the validation exercises, the authors implemented the LASSO-PMM method in 43 countries worldwide.\n\n> 6 The  >>> donor survey <<<  is the one that contains the actual income data from the first-round survey. The receiver is the second-round survey where the income is imputed.\n\n> the second-round survey where the income is imputed.\n\n> 7 To simplify notation, in this document i will be used to refer to the lo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "donor survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion 5.3, we again use matching models to grapple with potential selection effects in Iraq.\n\n# **5.1 Uganda**\n\nWe analyze two waves of repeated cross-sectional data in Acholi, Uganda. We plot the trends according to our  >>> survey data <<<  in Figure 8. We collect two measures of empowerment consistently across the two survey waves: Relationship with the Community and Contribute to Events in Community. As such, we restrict our analysis in Uganda to those variables.\n\nWe plot aggregate trends in these two measures ac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>**EUR**|<sup>OFKENYA.</sup><br><sup>OFKENYA.</sup><br>**N**<sup>**EQUITY**MOECR</sup><sup>**7067**</sup>|\n|---|---|---|\n|Part**A**-Account<sup>Activity</sup>|||\n|Beginningbalanceof<sup>**1st**July,2024</sup><br>asper  >>> C.B.K.Ledger <<< <sup>Account</sup>||137<br>**105--**<br>---|\n|**Add:**<br>Total Amount<sup>deposited</sup><sup>**by*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "C.B.K.Ledger", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fort was easily monitored.\n\nEven within households, imperfections in land and labor markets, together with the inability to commit, may prevent individuals from achieving an optimal allocation of productive factors. For  >>> plot level panel data from Burkina Faso <<< , Udry (1995) finds that reallocation of factors from male to female controlled plots within the same household could increase output by 6% - less than half of the estimated output loss from imperfect allocation of productive factors at the village level (13%), but still signific", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "plot level panel data from Burkina Faso", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d value (PDV) calculation. This approach estimates the stream of benefits and costs of schooling over a lifetime in the labor market with and without the Program. \n\n2. Data for this analysis are obtained mainly from the  >>> 2010 _Income and Expenditure Survey_ <<<  , a household survey of the labor force, and from the 2015 Population and Housing Census conducted by the Department of Statistics. This representative information accounts for the entire population of Jordan of all ages. It is worth noting that the estimates below are considere", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 _Income and Expenditure Survey_", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "coverage and improved reporting (as noted by  >>> EM-DAT <<< ), we focus our analysis on data from 2000 onwards.\n\nWe define an intensity shock, measuring the number of people affected by natural disasters using data from EM-DAT following Fomby, Ikeda, and Loayza (2013), as: where _I_ is the country and _t_ is years.<sup>2</sup> Unlike in F", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EM-DAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Ihsan Ajwad<sup>\u2020</sup> Francisco Haimovich<sup>\u2021</sup> Mehtabul Azam<sup>\u00a7</sup>\n\n**Abstract**\n\nThis note details simulations of the distributional impacts of the 2009 financial crisis on households in Latvia. It uses  >>> household survey data <<<  collected prior to the crisis and simulates the impact of the growth slowdown. The simulations show that Latvia experienced a sharp rise in poverty, widening of the poverty gap, and a rise in income inequality due to the economic contraction in 2009. The 18 percent contraction i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " experienced unusually high death rates in 2020 and 2021, but not in the same quarter (see Figure 7). For example, in the Gilan province, where the pandemic disrupted life early in the pandemic (Salehi-Isfahani, 2020a),  >>> government vital registrations data <<<  report a one-third increase in the number of deaths winter 2020 (the first quarter of the pandemic) over winters 2019 and 2018, one quarter ahead of other provinces. The variation in the arrival dates of the pandemic across provinces adds to the variation that we need to identif", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "government vital registrations data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " occur if better firms were chosen for privatization.8 A reliable study of the effects of ownership on performance must combine the two approaches, comparing state and private firms operating at the same time, but using  >>> historical data <<< , _in addition_ to the synchronic comparisons, to eliminate the possibility of selection bias. This is the route we follow in this paper. We focus on comparisons of performance between state and privatized firms, leaving out the issue of the differences between either of these ty", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "part of the  >>> Bank Regulation and Supervision Survey <<< . We use the latest available data (World Bank, 2019) and expect a negative association with our measure of interest rate repression, given that a higher value of the index of legal requirements indicates greater entry barriers.\n\n- **Excessive reserve requirements** : Governments", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank Regulation and Supervision Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on for Admin. Institutions Staffs_|853|3.9%|0.9%|Yes|\n|_Housing Assistance_|_681_|_3.1%_|_0.8%_|_No_|\n|**Non-Social Expenditure**|**13183**|**59.7%**|**14.6%**|**No**|\n|**_Debt Servicing_**|746|3.4%|0.8%|No|\n\n_Source_ :  >>> Statistical Yearbook for China 2019 <<< , National Bureau of Statistics 2019; Financia Yearbook of China 2019, Ministry of Financ3, 2019 Compared to other upper-middle-income countries, China\u2019s social spending is relatively low, especially on direct transfers. China\u2019s spending on direct transfers amounts to 0.5 percent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Statistical Yearbook for China 2019", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rs.<sup>8</sup> To estimate Equation 4, we further need information on the presence of RTAs and their type. For partial scope agreements, free trade agreements, and customs unions, we draw information from Mario Larch\u2019s  >>> RTA database <<<  (Egger and Larch 2008). For non-reciprocal arrangements the database on Economic Integration Agreements maintained by Jeffrey Bergstrand and Scott Baier is the main source (Bergstrand et al. 2015), we update it to 2014 ourselves using information from the WTO\u2019s PTA database.<sup", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RTA database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "census and survey data are collected from around the same time, using household-level census covariates is generally preferred, because the census tends to contain richer auxiliary information than geospatial data. When  >>> census data <<<  are sufficiently old, however, using cluster-level covariate aggregates taken from the old census can generate more accurate estimates than using old census household-level covariates (Lange et al., 2021). None of these variations of covariate use, however, reflect any changes i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roductivity (figure 9).\n\n_Figure 9. Total Factor Productivity_ <!-- Start of picture text --> 1 20<br>1.00 -- - --- - - - - - - - -<br>0860<br>1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996<br>Source: Authoe s calculations based on  >>> SEDAPAL Annual Reports <<< <br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n> _ii. Methodology for Calculating the Welfare Effects._ What would have been the\n\nnet benefits to Peru had the concession with a private operator been signed and fully implemented? Using a partial equilibrium, cost-benefit methodology developed ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SEDAPAL Annual Reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ouseholds, with particularly high reports in Kharkivska, Khersonska, and Mykolaivska oblasts. Awareness campaigns have been conducted to educate children on how to identify and respond to explosive hazards. However, the  >>> 2024 Child Protection Assessment <<<  conducted by REACH indicate, many respondents (23%) were still", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2024 Child Protection Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation modalities (G), the ability of households to access (or take-up) these alternative modalities (A), and the effectiveness of the alternative modalities (E). Building on existing household surveys, such as the MICS,  >>> DHS <<< , and other multitopic household surveys, we were able to identify the share of households with access to internet, computer, mobile phones, land lines, radio, and television (Table 2). This information helped us shape some of our main scenarios. We assumed that all governments (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eral reasons to think that the growth of private schools has had a positive impact on educational outcomes, both in terms of enrollment and learning outcomes. In a representative sample of households in the country (the  >>> Pakistan Integrated Household Survey <<<  1998), overall enrollment is higher for villages with private schools", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Pakistan Integrated Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vant welfare-enhancing channels that directly affect consumers, such as the quality and diversity of products, and new consumers that were previously priced out, WELCOM yields reasonable results using readably available  >>> household survey data <<<  and minimum information on market structure parameters. The value added of WELCOM is thus its ability to estimate, in a timeand cost-efficient manner, the potential distributional effects of variations in product market competition, linking these changes directly to poverty and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Consultancy Services for the Detailed Design of the VKE International (Ply) Ltd Upgrading to Paved Standard of Gulu - Nirnule Road Resettlement Action Plan Contract No. RDPIHWIS018 July 2009 \n\nThe results from the  >>> Topographical survey <<<  were used to map out the proposed designed centerline using a total station, in the process the road corridor was pegged out 15m either side from the design centerline. \n\nComputations and drawings were prepared using Excel Spreadsheets, AUTOCAD and CIVILCAD softwares for mapping", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Topographical survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hereby improving the GDP leading to social and economic development within the region. \n\n### **9.3  Summary of Project Impacts** \n\nImpact predictions were be based on previous experience with similar projects; review of  >>> secondary data <<< ; primary data collected in the field; international good practice guidelines such as the WB EHS Guidelines; and discussions with local communities, relevant and knowledgeable government officials and relevant experienced technical specialists. \n\nOverall, project impacts were pre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "secondary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ve deployed in those overlapping locations before the other three MNOs, we compared the coverage of MNO-4 with the coverage of the other operators in 2012. This highlighted nine enumeration areas (less than 1%) from the  >>> GHS data set <<<  that were covered only by MNO-4. This is", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cidence of coordination failures is on the countries, not on the agencies. Just as in the case of the MDGs, some basic quantitative agreement\n\n> 32 The original baseline poverty estimates used for the MDGs were based on  >>> income and consumption distribution surveys <<<  for 44 countries containing 71 percent of the population in 1990 (Ghaiha 2003). These countries accounted for about a quarter of those considered to be developing. Ghaiha also documents the many sources of data and their inconsistencies.\n\n> 33 These data and instruments can also", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "income and consumption distribution surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re could be set to any value based on program size and program objectives.\n\nFor comparison purposes, we evaluate model performance relative to randomly drawing beneficiaries from the sample of households surveyed in the  >>> NHBPS 2014/2015 <<< .<sup>18</sup> Table 4 below presents targeting results based on a random sample of household beneficiaries. In this case each household has a probability of being included in the social program equal to the household poverty\n\n> 18 It may be the case that in practice a program no", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NHBPS 2014/2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies and jurisdictions for the period 2001\u201318. Appendix table 1 lists every country by region and indicates for each one whether it appears as source and/or destination for the different investment types.<sup>3</sup> The  >>> data on loans and deposits <<<  cover 210 source countries and 210 destination countries. The data on portfolio equity and debt cover 92 source countries and 238 destination countries. The data on FDI cover 123 source countries and 239 destination countries. The country-to-region data on international reserves", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on loans and deposits", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "services<br>Electricity, gas and water<br>Real estate, renting<br>Construction<br>0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000<br>Thousands<br>Direct JOBX Indirect JOBX<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Authors\u2019 elaboration based on  >>> LACEX <<< .\n\nThe intensity with which manufacturing exports support jobs is instead lower than agriculture as well as most services sectors. Figure 11 shows the direct and indirect jobs per $1 million of gross exports for 2011. Aside from real estate and renting, manufacturing has the lowe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LACEX", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **1.15 Demography** \n\n<mark>The current population estimate of Uganda is 47,317,289 based on projections of the latest  >>> United Nations data <<< , as of November 2022, a 3.04% increase from 2021, having registered a 3.26% increase in 2020 and a 3.39% increase in 2019. Uganda\u2019s population growth rate is currently 3.32%. The growth rate has remained around 3% for the past several decades in Uganda. This is influenced heavil", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "United Nations data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "20 Jul-20<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n_Source:_  >>> Eurostat ComExt data <<<  and World Bank staff calculations. \n\n> 10 As of August, global trade carrying capacity is 0.9 percent higher than last year, with a sustained positive trend, up 3.4 percent in the last three weeks, and much higher it was from February to April. \n\nin the Western Balkans is suffer", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Eurostat ComExt data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion consumption, perhaps due to worries that they will consume large stocks more quickly than they would like, is based on the analysis of shopping patterns for \u201ctemptation goods,\u201d which we identified through a separate  >>> survey effort in Tanzania <<< . The suggestive evidence that households purchase in small quantities in order to avoid social taxation\u2014non-household members consuming a portion of their purchases\u2014aligns with recent work on redistributive pressures in similar settings (Anderson and Baland, 2002", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey effort in Tanzania", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arkets.<sup>4</sup> As such, this paper examines the role that access to reliable electricity could play in the orientation of manufacturing companies towards export markets at the expense of domestic markets. Using the  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<<  (WBES), we explore a sample of 13,025 manufacturing firms in 39 SSA countries surveyed between 2006 and 2022. We consider a treatment variable describing whether a firm has access to reliable electricity or not. We then assess how this treatment \u2013 a dummy taking 1 if the firm de", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the classroom and contained information on students\u2019 characteristics, their family, and their socioeconomic background.\n\n> 16 See, for example, the Measures of Effective Teaching (MET) project, where results show that  >>> student surveys <<<  produce more consistent results than classroom observations or achievement gain measures (Met Project 2012).\n\n15", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "student surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|**Additional controls**|No|No|No|No|No|No|Yes|Yes|No|No|\n\nSource: own computations based on SEDLAC (CEDLAS and World Bank) and  >>> WDI <<<  (World Bank). Notes: Robust standard errors in brackets, clustered at the country level for models 3-10. * significant at 10%; ** significant at 5%; *** significant at 1%. The additional control variables include the log of GDP per capita, the log of the real exchange rate again", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WDI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4<br>30<br>25 3<br>20<br>2<br>15<br>10<br>1<br>5<br>0 0<br>Impacted (%) Job losses (%) Wage increase (%)<br>Impacted (%)<br>Job Losses and Wage Increase (%)<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Own estimates based on  >>> administrative tax data <<<  and microsimulation model Note: Sample is restricted to wage earners, assuming all dismissed workers move to unemployment or inactivity.\n\n45", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative tax data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "alyzing the data, as point estimates are often needed to estimate labor income accurately. To overcome this issue, one option is to use imputation techniques to fill in the missing values. Specifically, we could use the  >>> EUSILC data <<< , which provides detailed demographic characteristics and income information, to impute the missing point estimates on the LFS data. This can help provide a more accurate representation of the wage distribution and enable a more nuanced analysis. However, it is important to caref", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EUSILC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he total amount paid, and the counterfactual cost if the household had purchased the total quantity in one transaction. This last step makes use of expenditure schedules that we estimate from the data (and validate with  >>> market price surveys <<< ). We limit our analysis to 19 standardized items that are non-perishable over the relevant quantity and time ranges. The item list includes numerous staples: maize, rice, cooking oil, kerosene, onions, dried sardines.\n\nWe find that across items purchased multiple times over two ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "market price surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ease Control Priorities</mark>_ <mark>, edited by R. E. Black, R. Laxminarayan, M. Temmerman, and N. Walker, 319\u2013334. Third edition, volume 2. Washington, DC: World Bank.</mark> \n\n> 49 Data were extracted from the WHO\u2019s  >>> Global Health Observatory Data <<<  (2014). The ratio of DALYs to the total all-cause deaths for the 15\u201349 years age group was estimated at 85 in 2014. \n\n> 50 According to the Disease Control Priorities and the Copenhagen Consensus, benefits can be calculated as either one or three times per capita GDP. Jha, et al", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Health Observatory Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "average hospital payment rate for a knee replacement (DRG 209) is $9,261, whereas it averages only $4,206 for hernia repairs (DRGs 161 and 162). For outpatient procedures, the hospital/facility fee was obtained from the  >>> Medicare Outpatient Prospective Payment System dataset <<< . Unlike inpatient DRGs, outpatient procedures are coded and priced by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. For example, the facility fee for a toe deformity repair (CPT 29290) performed on an outpatient basis is $1,525, while that for a shoulder joint surgery (CPT 23470, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Medicare Outpatient Prospective Payment System dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>0%<br>1990s 2010s 1990s 2010s 1990s 2010s 1990s 2010s 1990s 2010s<br>Argentina Brazil Chile Mexico El Salvador<br>>64 years old 50\u201064 40\u201049 25\u201039 15\u201024<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Own calculations based on  >>> Household surveys <<< .\n\nIn the case of temporary employment, there is evidence of increasing female participation in the five countries analyzed, with large variations in several cases. Indeed, in the five countries for which we identified temporary workers, while temporary employment was predominant", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**_2.1.2 Precipitation Shocks_**\n\nTo measure precipitation shocks, we use re-analysis data from the European Copernicus program. This is the Earth Observation component of the European Union\u2019s space program. Through the  >>> ERA5-Land data platform <<<  they", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ERA5-Land data platform", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ry, Lebanon\u2019s infrastructure is in a very bad condition. According to the World Economic Forum\u2019s \n\n> 1 The World Bank Group. Lebanon Country Partnership Framework (CPF). 2016. \n\n> 2 Between 1997 and 2011\u2014latest utilized  >>> final national accounts <<< \u2014the services sector accounted for an average of 74 percent of real GDP. \n\nPage 10 of 90", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "final national accounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "9 nearest available  >>> population Census <<< , which was used to generate the small-area welfare estimates, is also included.<sup>8</sup> Finally, the table also lists the poverty line used in each country, both in national currency (in survey year prices) and US dollars (in 2006 prices and at PPP exchange rates)<sup>9</sup", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_|_35%_|_11%_|_22%_|294|245|75|156|695|\n||_Top 10%_<br>_consumption_|_Not Monetary_<br>_Poor_|_36%_|_44%_|_16%_|_19%_|505|618|221|266|1,389|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> GHS Wave 1-3 <<<  Note: For each age group the respective maximum number of deprivations is considered. If a child is not deprived along any dimension, it is considered not deprived, if it is deprived along one or more dimensions it is considered deprived, irrespective of missing information on s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS Wave 1-3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r-<br>dependent birds being White-winged Tern, Blue Swallow and Papyrus<br>Gonolek.|Both|\n|Minziro Forest|Located in Tanzania as an extension of the Sango Bay IBA.|Mas-Mut|\n|Reserve IBA|||\n\n\n\n* denotes species where the  >>> Uganda National Red List <<<  provides the highest threatened status \n\nThe TL route avoids all of the internationally recognized areas listed in Table 6, with the exception of the Lake Wamala Catchment KBA.  This water catchment is recognized for three fish species, a dragonfly and a plant species.  The TL p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Red List", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hese estimates. A 10-year cut-off period was used as the average time required to acquire the citizenship in Europe and 5 years in the case of North America and Oceania. In the case of the United States, newly available  >>> naturalization data <<<  suggest that in fact, refugees take closer to 10 years, rather than only 5, before acquiring citizenship. The refugee number in the USA has therefore been estimated based on the 10year cut-off period as signaled in last year\u2019s Statistical Yearbook. This has resulted in an increa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "naturalization data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "J in 2021 has yet to be implemented and the 2007 Access to Information Law, as amended in 2024, has yet to be enforced.** As a result, Jordan lags regional best performers under the e-participation indicator of the UN\u2019s  >>> E-government Readiness Index <<< . Also, even though Jordan was the first country in MENA to legislate the right to information, it ranks amongst the 10 least-performing countries the Right to Information Index (RTI) published by is badly rated by the Centre for Law and Democracy. It has particularly room for im", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "E-government Readiness Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ifies test takes by date of birth, full name and national identification number. This dataset is merged with the cohorts of children identified in the \u2015PSM data\u2016 assembled to perform the matching analysis, and with the \u2015 >>> SIFA+SISBEN data <<< \u2016 to implement the RDD strategy. In order to avoid problems of nonrandom mismatch, strict procedures were followed to merge the datasets including matching based on full name, birth date, national identification number, and a minimization of the phonetic _Levenshtein_ distance.<s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SIFA+SISBEN data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing business environment measures:</mark>\n\n- **<mark>Competition.</mark>** <mark>Gorodnichenko, Svejnar and Terrell (2010) find robust evidence of a positive relationship between foreign competition and innovation using  >>> enterprise-level data <<<  similar to those employed in this paper. We hypothesize that foreign competitors not only pressure</mark>\n\n> 5 See Trajtenberg (2009). See also Dutz (2007) for a similar broad definition of innovation and description of these four areas that provide key levers for innovation pol", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "enterprise-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " increased from 250 to 880. The Kibale National Park Chimpanzee survey conducted in 2019 indicated a population increase from 921 in 2005 to 1001 in 2019 and the  >>> gorilla population census <<<  conducted in 2018 in the Bwindi-Sarambwe area estimated Gorilla population at 496. The Black rhinos also increased in captivity from 8 in 2004 to 22 in 2017. The Grant\u2019s gazelle, however, declined from 100 individuals in 1995 to 57 in 2017. \n\n40", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "gorilla population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Working Paper 9431\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper investigates whether the relative self-esteem level of spouses can lead to within- household competition for inputs and affect economic gender inequality in the home. Using  >>> data on smallholder farmer couples <<<  in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, the paper examines the relationship between spouses\u2019 self-esteem and income-earning in agriculture. Although the link between own self-esteem and crop income earning is positive, there is a \u201cbattle of the sexes\u201d in which one spouse\u2019s self-esteem is negatively r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on smallholder farmer couples", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "verging estimates from national accounts and household surveys is not limited to less wealthy countries. In the United States, per capita income from the two large national surveys, the Current Population Survey and the  >>> Consumer Expenditure Survey <<< , are known to diverge from the national accounts (see for example the recent assessment by Sch\u00fcndeln, 2018). Nolan et al. (2019) recently reviewed gaps\n\n> 1 Survey data for this example come from World Bank, Global Database of Shared Prosperity (GDSP) circa 2013 - 2018 (www.worl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Consumer Expenditure Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "obal Financial Inclusion (Global Findex) database, which provides indicators measuring how people in 148 economies around the world save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. These new indicators are constructed with  >>> survey data <<<  from interviews with more than 150,000 nationally representative and randomly selected adults. The data show a persistent gender gap in developing countries in the ownership of bank accounts and savings and borrowing behavior. Even after controlling for a host of individual char", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n Balkans lack information on the salaries for specific sectors. Therefore, to circumvent this second problem, we input them using a regression model based on the industry, education, and age variables.\n\nFinally, we use  >>> data from the GRIP <<<  to calculate the travel times across the Western Balkans region and the EU countries. This dataset gathers and harmonizes information on all the road infrastructure for over 222 countries worldwide.\n\n> 1Table 12 lists all the sub-national regions of the Western Balkans included ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the GRIP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " micro -project investments of 37 percent. The ICR does not indicate what percentage of total project expenditures went into micro-project investments, however. To evaluate gains in livestock wealth, the ICR made use of  >>> historical weather station rainfall estimates <<<  in Garissa, observing that it made the \"conservative assumption that, absent project interventions", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical weather station rainfall estimates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "exceeds the number of enclosed test papers, the testing agency is directed to select the longertenure students by examining the  >>> school enrollment records <<<  for the last three months (again, ADU reports that this is a rare event, as changes in enrollment usually occur at the start of the academic year and the QATs are administered well into the academic year). The testing agency also checks the enrollment and attendance records over", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "school enrollment records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 10223\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nHousehold businesses make up the majority of firms in developing economies. This paper uses a novel  >>> tax census database <<<  that covers the universe of tax-registered household businesses to analyze the entry and exit of owner-operated firms in Vietnam during January 2018 to August 2020. It documents new stylized facts about the survival dynamics of informal businesses. First, the entry and exit rate", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax census database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** EA Regional Transport , Trade and Development Facilitation Project (Second Phase of Program) (P148853) \n\n\n\n**Table 1.6:  >>> 2023 Annual Average Daily Traffic <<< ** \n\n|**Lot**|**Motorcycle**|**Cars**|**4 W/Drive**|**Pick - Up**|**Minibus**|**Small Bus**|**Large Bus**|**Light Truck**|**Medium**<br>**Truck**|**Heavy Truck**|**Articulated**<br>**Truck**|**Total**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Lot 0-Loichangamak - Lo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2023 Annual Average Daily Traffic", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for one year had higher levels of total factor productivity and return on assets. Using  >>> administrative data <<< , the authors also show that, five years after the treatment, those firms that had received consultancy services employed significantly more workers; showing that the impacts of improved management practices endure.\n\nIn terms of the long\u2010term impacts of management practices on pr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "week in which s/he was planning to work and the reason for missing work was injury/illness. Sample includes respondents employed at baseline. Usual earnings and usual hours of work taken from reports in  >>> baseline survey <<< . All specifications include individual fixed effects. Column 1 is estimated by OLS and columns 2 and 3 are estimated using least squares with trimming to account for censoring of the dependent variable (Honore, 1992). Regressions include week\u2010of\u2010interview dummies interacted with", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " BANK  OF  KENYA<br>Address  CBK<br>Related  Loan  INFRASTRUCTURE  FINANCE-PPP  DA-B,EEP<br>Credit  Agreement  612 1 -KE<br>Currency  EUR<br>PaA  - Account  Activity<br>Beginning  balance of  1st  July.  2020<br>as per   >>> C.B.K.  Ledger Account <<<   8,690,000.00<br>Add:<br>Total  Amount deposited  by  World  Bank<br>Total  Interest  earnings  if deposited  in  account<br>Total  amount  refunded  to  cover ineligible<br>expenditure<br>Deduct:<br>Total  amolint  withdrawn  -0002000.00<br>Total  service  charges  if not  incl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "C.B.K.  Ledger Account", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r emerging economies' (non-China) exports under any TTB in effect<br>High income countries' exports under any TTB in effect<br><!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Shares of nonoil imports, constructed by the author with  >>> policy data from Bown <<<  (2012) and trade-weighting with HS-06 import data from UN Comtrade via WITS, following Appendix equation (A2).\n\n20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "policy data from Bown", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oni and Mambrui Trading Centres were free from encroachment therefore there are no PAPs. The SocioEconomic Information gathered will be used during monitoring, evaluation and implementation of the RAP. \n\nThe aims of the  >>> socio-economic survey <<<  was to: \n\n- i. Enumerate and collect basic information on the affected persons \n\n- ii. Identify affected assets and livelihoods for each PAP \n\n- iii. Establish a Socio-Economic baseline for the purpose of formulating fair compensation rates. \n\nA standard Questionnaire and Asset ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ios each increase less than one percentage point and stay near 81 and 89 percent, respectively. However, as above for the loan ratios, the industry statistics may disguise some significant heterogeneity. One study using  >>> weekly branch-level deposit data <<<  finds substantial movements of deposits and the rates paid on these deposits that vary with COVID-19 infection rates (Levine, Lin, Tai, and Xie, forthcoming).\n\nThe loan ratios for the G-SIBs are much lower than for the industry, and again show substantial reductions in lending a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "weekly branch-level deposit data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cific labor share of income. The table below shows the marginal productivity in industry and services relative to agriculture for Bangladesh which have been computed using labor shares of income at sector level from the  >>> GTAP database <<< .\n\n||**Margin**<br>|**al Productivity of La**<br>|**bor Relative to Agr **<br>|**iculture**<br>|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**2000**|**2005**|**2010**|**2015**|\n|Industry|4.38|4.41|4.19|4.32|\n|Services|7.93|9.68|11.20|11.56|\n\n> 8 Please see appendix A.2 for a brief discussion on fac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GTAP database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nfidence Intervals or Surfaces? Uncertainty on<br>the Cost-Effectiveness Plane|Andrew Briggs|Health Economics|236|299|\n\nNote: The starting point was our database of 33,000 publications in EconLit with a health JEL code.  >>> Google Scholar citation data <<<  were obtained for as many as possible (80 percent) in June 2011. The 300 most-cited publications were then assigned either one of the 12 topics listed in the appendix or a \u2015topic not assigned\u2016 code. The latter included publications that were too general (some were actually textb", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Google Scholar citation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".00|0.00|0.00|0.00|0.00|\n|Other crustaceans|-0.02|0.06|0.03|-0.05|-0.04|-0.03|0.01|\n\nNotes: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> HIT data <<< . The table presents the gains associated with the elimination of Vietnam\u2019s own agricultural import tariffs.\n\n34", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HIT data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed household members. \n\n**_Marital Status:_** Data on marital status of interviewed subproject affected household heads revealed that 80.1% of the PAHs were married, while 6.4% of the heads were never married during the  >>> census survey <<< . The proportion of subprojects affected household heads without partnership or spouses constituted 12.1% of project affected household heads. \n\n**_Ethnic Affiliation:_** The ethnic affiliations of subproject affected household heads and populations indicate 88.3% of HH heads and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "about $ 4 per month on kerosene and batteries, then it is a potential solar PV customer, particularly for smaller systems. In comparison, an ESMAP report, _Uganda: Rural Electrification Strategy Study, 1999,_ based on a  >>> demand survey <<<  of 2,000 non-electrified rural households in 12 (out of a total of 45) purposefully selected districts - which probably resulted in overestimates of expenditures - found that: (i) rural households paid, on average, over US$6 per month on dry-cell batteries for torches, radios an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demand survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng on loan applications than the extension service was able to deliver at the outset. Some misunderstandings arose because of the Ministry's desire to push the money out and AFC's reluctance to do so on the basis of the  >>> farm budget data <<<  provided. In this connection it should be remembered that Kenya's first approach to IDA for a smallholder credit project envisaged **50,000** loans, six times the number ultimately accepted.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "farm budget data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nn M. Eisen|PharmacoEconomics|243|288|\n|Economic evaluation|1998|Confidence Intervals or Surfaces? Uncertainty on<br>the Cost-Effectiveness Plane|Andrew Briggs|Health Economics|236|299|\n\nNote: The starting point was our  >>> database of 33,000 publications in EconLit <<<  with a health JEL code. Google Scholar citation data were obtained for as many as possible (80 percent) in June 2011. The 300 most-cited publications were then assigned either one of the 12 topics listed in the appendix or a \u2015topic not assigned\u2016 code. The latter included publica", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of 33,000 publications in EconLit", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# Table 4: **Regression Discontinuity** \u2013 First Stage\n\nThis table reports evidence on the program-induced discontinuity in debt relief, based on  >>> bank data <<< . The table additionally reports placebo tests using total eligible amount, eligible principal amount and eligible overdue interest. _Debt Relief_ refers to the net amount of debt relief granted. _Eligible Amount, Total_ (rupees) refers to the total exante overdue balance to whic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bank data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " d\u2019autres vivent soit de l\u2019\u00e9levage (volaille, petits ruminants), soit du petit commerce et/ou des revenus de leur main d\u2019\u0153uvre dans diverses activit\u00e9s (travail dans les mines, bergers, petits m\u00e9tiers). \n\nConcr\u00e8tement, l\u2019 >>> enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages <<<  r\u00e9v\u00e8le que deux m\u00e9nages de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s centrafricains sur trois ont pratiqu\u00e9 l\u2019agriculture pendant la campagne 2011/2012. Le manque de terre (33,0%), la maladie (30,3%) ou le manque d\u2019outils/savoir-faire/main d\u2019\u0153uvre (19,8%) ont principalement contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 emp\u00eacher le tiers restant ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "enqu\u00eate aupr\u00e8s des m\u00e9nages", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rvables. Robust (Huber\u2013White) standard errors are reported in all cases.\n\n# <u>B.2. Asset Indices</u>\n\nWhen one examines changes to a household\u2019s welfare, the primary outcomes of interest are measures of its assets. The  >>> KMS data sets <<<  do not contain income and consumption information, but they do include asset indicators. While this could be interpreted as a limitation of the data, the use of asset holdings may better reflect a household\u2019s long-term economic status and is also less likely to be subject to rec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KMS data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for child labor. They underscore the importance of education in Nigeria.\n\nTo identify the effect of nationwide COVID-19 lockdown measures on children\u2019s probability of school attendance after schools\u2019 reopening, we use a  >>> panel of school-age individuals <<<  observed just before schools\u2019 closure and just after schools\u2019 reopening and rely on the quasi-randomness of the occurrence of the pandemic. We draw from Mahmud and Riley (2021) by estimating a fixed-effect linear probability model. However, despite the plausible exogeneity of th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel of school-age individuals", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "onomic damage caused\u2014are tropical cyclones, which accounted for 95 percent of the total damages from climate-related natural disasters that SIDS in the Caribbean and Oceania suffered from 1995 to 2022 as recorded in the  >>> EM-DAT <<< . SIDS are also affected by riverine floods and droughts, although the economic damages they cause are generally much less than those caused by tropical cyclones.<sup>4</sup>\n\n> 3 These are classified as meteorological (e.g. tropical cyclone, invective storm), climatological (e.g", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EM-DAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### **Table 4. Refugee population and changes by origin, 2006 (Source:  >>> 2006 ASR <<< . Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.)** \n\n##### **<u>N.B.</u>** For many industrialized countries, UNHCR has estimated the refugee population (see Table 1, footnote 1). \n\nThe columns \"Other\" (increases and decreases) include population changes ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 ASR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "een exposed to the treatment for no longer than two years. Second, we use three different data sources and samples (the baseline survey of the evaluation of the program from 2002, the program\u2018s information system, and a  >>> census of poor households <<< ) to perform two different methodological approaches which allows for a comparison of the findings across methodologies. Additionally, by using data from the program\u2018s information system for impact evaluation purposes, this paper highlights the opportunities for research that may", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of poor households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ent in absolute terms to control for outliers.\n\nFigure 10 Annual growth rate of the education premium and labor income inequality, selected countries, 1990\u20132003 and 2003\u201310 _Sources:_ Seventeen Latin American countries:  >>> SEDLAC database <<< ; Russia: the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey; Post Apartheid Labor Market Series: South Africa; Turkey: I2D2-LFS; the United States: I2D2-IPUMS. See annexes A.1 and A.2 for details. _Note:_ The underlying data represent the change in wage inequality and the change in the e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SEDLAC database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "locations on school PTRs and on outcomes. We draw data from multiple rounds of administrative data from the Government of Malawi\u2019s Educational Management Information System (EMIS) database. EMIS data is collected via an  >>> Annual School Census <<<  (ASC) and includes a wide range of data on school size, conditions, staffing, finances, infrastructure and equipment. We employ data on grades offered, staffing and enrollment to establish the schools which meet each of the criteria established by the government. In addition, we", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual School Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** South Sudan Enhancing Community Resilience and Local Governance Project (P169949) \n\n\n\nan accelerating pace of return since the agreement was signed. According to recent  >>> intention surveys <<<  by both the United Nations High Commission for Refugees and IOM, the main pull factors for return are improved security, family reunification, access to basic services, and livelihood opportunities. About 30 percent of refugees in neighboring countries consider returning, with I", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "intention surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al rate in country c \u2013 from Human Capital Index Database\n\n**U** c is the Human Capital Utilization as per Pennings (2019) is the total number of students enrolled in pre-primary, primary, and secondary in country c from  >>> UIS Statistics <<< , NNcc is the discount rate \u2013 assumed to be 3%, is years of working life that the change in earnings is experienced \u2013 45 years **,** ii tt\n\n# _Expected Earnings_\n\nTo calculate the earnings loss, we used the ILO database on monthly earnings of employees in 2017 PPP$. We have trian", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UIS Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Gulu were currently safe from these activities. No lOP camps were found in Gulu. Although people are moving back to their homes, a large number of people in Amuru District still continued to live in lOP camps. The UBOS,  >>> Uganda National Household Survey <<<  _2005/2006_ gives the following indications about the size of the lOP Camps, as shown in Table 3.1 below: \n\n_Table_ 3.1: _Selected Camp Sizes in Gulu and Amuru Districts_ \n\n|District|Subcounty.|CampName,|No.ofHouseholds|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Amuru|Amuru|Amuru|9,217|\n|Amuru|Atiak|A", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "way to the real economy as credit.\n\n> 11 The  >>> ECB data <<<  shows that Greek bank deposits fell from a peak of \u0404245 billion in end-2009 to \u0404170 billion in February 2012, while Spanish deposits fell by \u04046.4 billion in February 2012, after a \u040417 billion fall in January 2012.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ECB data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ncompasses a range of factors, including sex, age structure, family size, marital status, ethnic composition, religious affiliation, primary and secondary occupations, education levels, and health status. \n\nBased on the  >>> census survey result <<<  88.1% of subproject affected households are headed by male, while 10.4% of subproject affected households are headed by FHH and the remaining 1.5% of the households are absentee or missing PAHs. \n\nTable 6.1: Distribution of affected Households by Sex and Woreda \n\n|**Woreda**|**F", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey result", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y (CGC) by the 17**<sup>**th**</sup> **December 2025.** By 30th June 2025, CGS had disbursed about KES.6.6 billion to 4,315 MSMEs across 46 counties (excluding Mandera counter) and to a total of 12 sectors, according to  >>> Central Bank of Kenya reports <<< . Of these, 68% were new borrowers, highlighting improved access to credit for marginalized groups. Micro, small, and medium enterprises received 29%, 57%, and 14% of disbursements respectively. Businesses owned by women, youth, and PWDs accounted for 20% of guaranteed facilities", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Central Bank of Kenya reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "also indicates important aspects of the overall socioeconomic condition of the households just by looking across the annual expenditures of the households on various commodities or items. According to the results of the  >>> socio-economic survey <<< , the 34 surveyed households spent a total of Etb 3,923,100 in the past 12 months preceding the household survey. This means, they spent an average of Etb 115,385 per annum per HH to cover various expenditure items. \n\nIn terms of the amount spent, food takes up 36.1% of household", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nce in data availability with treatment status at the three-year horizon, although those assigned to treatment are 1 to 2 percentage points more likely to have data available at the one year horizon.\n\nIn addition to the  >>> survey data <<< , we have two other sources of information that aid in assessing impact. The first are photos of the inventories of the businesses, which were taken at the time of the baseline survey and in rounds 2 and 4. We had two independent field staff value these inventories based on the m", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "29|71957|0.002|0.229|0.052|0.085|0.027|0.073|0.08|\n|TLU|0.096<br>(0.007)|0.107|0.151|0.031|0|0.003|0.857|0|0.223|0.717|0.689|0.046|\n|N|[920,978]|[20,22]|[16,17]|[6,7]|[10,11]||||||||\n\n_Notes:_ Authors\u2019 analysis based on  >>> data described in the text <<< . Clustered-robust standard errors are in parentheses. Outliers are excluded (as explained in Appendix B.1). Sampling weights are accounted for. Test (1) is a joint test that the means of the nondemobilized and demobilized of both groups are equal to the mean of the civilians ([A", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data described in the text", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctivities, if any. \n\n### **7.7 Other: Site Selection, Preparation and Relocation; Housing Infrastructure and Services; Environmental Protection and Management; and, Integration with Host Population** \n\nObserved from the  >>> field survey <<< , resettlement to new areas outside the beneficiary Settlement is unlikely. The Project\u2019s design largely proposes utilisation of existing roads, road reserves, and public passageways so as to avoid displacement of populations. This was greatly achieved. And if it is found that du", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "field survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d energy management practices on physical and value measures of energy intensity.\n\nObservations of services firms are generally missing capital stock and share of high-skilled labor. Using the World Bank classification ( >>> World Bank Data <<< , 2020), only one country is classified as low-income (Tajikistan); we therefore group countries into three income categories: high, upper middle, and lower middle.\n\n## **A1.2 Merging**\n\nWe merge the firm-level responses from all the 31 countries into a combined dataset. For cate", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "In no case was there a significant fall in spending on durable goods between 2008 and 2009, and in some cases there were increases, such as for purchases of automobiles/vans/pickups. This is confirmed by the  >>> data in the bottom panel of Table 7 <<< , which reports on the stock of cars, vans, and motorbikes owned by households. The number of such assets held per household generally rose in 2009 relative to 2008. As a general rule, any drop in spending occurred between 2007 and 2008, not later.\n\nThe consumption of non-durable", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data in the bottom panel of Table 7", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sitive effects \u2013 if any \u2013 are dependent on local circumstances (Huberty et al. 2011). Some of the highest quality evidence on reducing incentives for the use of environmental capital gives one pause. Using very detailed  >>> plant-level growth data <<< , Greenstone (2002) shows that 590,000 jobs were displaced between 1972 and 1987 in the United States due to a particular key environmental regulation: the US Clear Air Act. Recent work on more cost-effective incentive-based policy instruments finds milder negative effects (Harri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "plant-level growth data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 2000)|(-1.00)|(-1.63)|(-1.93)|\n|n|297|305|297|\n|R-squared|0.564|0.811|0.749|\n|RMSE|4.65|4.36|4.08|\n\n_Note_ : Figures in parentheses are robust t-statistics. *, **, ***: significant at 10, 5, and 1 percent respectively.  >>> Annual data from 1996\u20132013 <<<  for low- and middle-income countries with fuel > 25 percent of total exports. RMSE = root mean square error, or sample standard deviation.\n\n20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual data from 1996\u20132013", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the effects. To measure employment rates, we use the  >>> data on employment-to-population ratios <<<  from Pennings (2022), with the share of workers across different levels of schooling from national estimates in ILOSTAT (for those MENA countries where the data is available).\n\n**Results.** We find gains in output per capita from closing gender employment gaps that are large for", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on employment-to-population ratios", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arge them 30,000 TZS but during the pandemic it dropped up to between 10,000 to 5000 TZS.\u201d_ While negotiating was still common for some, most participants explained how prices had begun to return to pre-pandemic levels.  >>> Survey data <<<  indicate that there was a decrease in the average price per client from 6.6 USD in 2018 to 6.2 USD in 2021, though the difference was nonsignificant.\n\nParticipants also reported a significantly lower average number of clients per week in 2021 (6.2) than in 2018 (8.6). The lowest", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the attitude change will continue post-repatriation. With the devastation of southern Sudan, the resources of all refugees \u2013 male and female \u2013 will be crucial to rebuild the country. \n\n**For further consideration:** An  >>> October 2005 participatory assessment <<<  indicated that the school feeding programme with WFP led to children leaving school as families cannot afford school fees _and_ contribute for cooks. This issue is currently under review. \n\n_G6_", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "October 2005 participatory assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "kes Method and Results**\n\nMelitz and Polanec (2015) extend the Olley and Pakes (1996) productivity decomposition methods to include the contributions of entering and exiting firms to aggregate productivity growth. Using  >>> Slovenian manufacturing data <<< , Melitz and Polanec (2015) showed that other decomposition methods, such as FHK, may overstate the contribution of entry and exit due to differences in the reference (or benchmark) productivity. Although we do not find substantial net-entry effects from the FHK decomposition met", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Slovenian manufacturing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>80<br>70<br>60<br>50<br>40<br>30<br>20<br>10<br>0<br>1987 1986 2001 2006<br>improved unimproved<br>% of population<br>% of population<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: WHO \u2013 Joint Monitoring Program 2010, from  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  for 1987,1996, 2001 and 2006 Mali\u2019s achievements in water and sanitation are even more remarkable given the country\u2019s demography and geography. Mali\u2019s population has been growing at an annual rate of 2.5 percent, and people continue to move to the most urbanized areas of the cou", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "replicate the demographic distribution of realized job losses, especially by level of education and wage quintile.<sup>36</sup> After assigning the resulting mean percentage job losses to PFPS workers represented in the  >>> baseline labor force survey <<<  by sector and occupational level, we compute, using LMPS survey weights, the percentage of PFPS workers projected to lose their job. In addition to the total rate of job loss, we compute the approximate percentage of PFPS job losses by sector of employment (relative to baseline)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline labor force survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "data does not directly identify public-sector workers. However, official statistics indicate that only a small proportion of public employees fall into the category of minimum-wage earners.\n\n**Nonetheless, employing the  >>> administrative tax datasets <<<  to examine employment and unemployment analysis encounters certain obstacles.** Firstly, the data is primarily intended for administrative purposes, such as computing social security contributions and worker benefit eligibility, rather than designed for research purposes. Second", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative tax datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "W_</sup> _it_ \ufffd: From  >>> customs transaction data <<< , we observe the total value of firms imports, _IMPit_ . Let\u2019s define 0 _\u2264 \u03ba \u2264_ 1 equals the share of imports that is used for exports, such that _p_<sup>_W_</sup> _t_<sup>_M W_</sup> _it_<sup>=</sup><sup>_\u03baIMPit_.Then</sup> (1) can be rewritten as Note that (2) is a structural r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "customs transaction data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lues for a long list of 58 commodities. In module 3, the subset list consists of the 17 most important food items that constitute, on average, 77 percent of food consumption expenditure in Tanzania based on the previous  >>> Household Budget Survey <<< . When comparing consumption expenditure in module 3 with other modules, we scale up food expenditures for that module as is commonly done in practice. Module 4 is a collapsed list where the 58 food items are aggregated into 11 comprehensive categories.<sup>10</sup> Among the rec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "agmentation negatively affecting overall output fragmented land plots may have a higher probability of being left idle. Table 3 uses survey weights to provide evidence on the approximate magnitudes involved based on the  >>> LSMS survey <<< . The total amount of cropland not used for non-productivity related reasons is estimated at 173,885 ha or about 12% of the total. Some two thirds of this land has not been cultivated for at least 5 years. Interestingly, idling of land does not seem to be concentrated in areas th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LSMS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> DTM Mali \u2013 D\u00e9cembre 2020 <<<  \n\n|**R\u00e9gions-Cercles-**<br>||**Enfa**|**nt ( < 18 a**|**ns )**|**Adu**|**lte (18 - 59**|**ans )**|**Personn**|**e \u00e2g\u00e9e ( >**|**59 ans )**|**Total**<br>**Femme**|**Total**<br>**Homme**|**Total**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Communes**|**M\u00e9nages**|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM Mali \u2013 D\u00e9cembre 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". The analysis uses a sample of 6,345 firms from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Enterprises Surveys <<<  in Colombia, Greece, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Morocco, Peru, Portugal, the Russian Federation, Turkey, and Ukraine. All surveys were conducted within the last three years and have wide scope, covering a representative sample of at least 600 firms in each country.<sup>2<", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprises Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l and World Bank Group standards was prepared and disclosed both in-country and at the World Bank Infoshop in December 2010.  The project was initially categorized as B, as its environmental impacts are moderate and the  >>> initial census <<<  indicated some 6-7,000 project-affected people, of which about 10 percent would have to be permanently resettled. During project preparation, both the technical work and census \n\n13", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "initial census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " views of women, men, girls and boys of diverse backgrounds need to inform UNHCR\u2019s interventions, advocacy, and programmes. This includes: \n\n- AGD-inclusive programming and communication, including disaggregation of all  >>> UNHCR data <<<  by age and sex and by other diversity considerations, as contextually appropriate and possible, for the purposes of analysis and programming; \n\n- Efforts to ensure that women and girls can participate equally and meaningfully in all decision-making, community management and lead", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "icture text --> _Source:_ Authors\u2019 elaboration based on LACEX.\n\nOne drawback of the classification is that manufacturing is a very broad and heterogeneous category. In order to explore this heterogeneity further, we use  >>> sectoral employment data <<<  from South African labor force surveys instead of ILO, shown in Figure 12. Machinery, other metal products and ferrous metal products becomes the largest sector in terms of the number of jobs contained in its exports (which was all contained within the broad manufacturing sector", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sectoral employment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ered vulnerable. Households with incomes above MYR 703 are labeled economically secure.\n\n# 5. Population-level results\n\nThis section presents findings from applying the synthetic panel methodology to Malaysia\u2019s official  >>> household survey data <<< . In interpreting these results, it is important to recall that, although the poverty line is defined in relative terms in 2004, it is kept constant in real terms after that. That means we do not adjust it for greater general affluence in Malaysian society over time. This also ho", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "violations des droits humains a diminu\u00e9 au 1er trimestre 2025, le nombre de violations des droits des enfants a lui augment\u00e9 de 97% par rapport au dernier trimestre 2024 et 28% par rapport au 1er trimestre 2024 selon le  >>> monitoring de protection <<< . \n\nAu regard de ces situations", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e relationship of regional investment and savings, where international capital mobility is determined by equalizing rates of return across regions.\n\nTo keep the sizes of the table of results reasonable, we aggregate the  >>> GTAP 6 database <<<  to 27 regions and 29 sectors, bearing in mind the need to provide some detail in the agri-food sectors. These regions and sectors are listed in Appendix Tables A1 and A2, respectively.\n\n# **Effects of removing distortive goods and services policies globally**\n\nThe estimated effe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GTAP 6 database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "93 census because by the time of the next census (2005) the Venezuelan political crises -and thus migration to Colombia- had started under the rule of Hugo Chavez. Our results are however largely unchanged if we use the  >>> 2005 census <<<  to compute the predicted migration flow of each municipality. Indeed, the correlation of the 1993 and the 2005-based measures if 0.93", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2005 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the proposed minimum wage in the<br>EUSILC is tiny, significantly limiting the sample size for this analysis. The EU-SILC measures income annually.|\n|Respondents report their income in a previous calendar year.  >>> EU-SILC 2021 <<<  provides information on annual income<br>in 2020. The sample includes 5,519 full-time employees who worked for 12 months last year. If we simulate the<br>inflation-linked \u2013 adjustment based on the EU-SILC data, the increase in minimum wage affects only 1.31% of full-|\n|time empl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EU-SILC 2021", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es, as well as severe disruptions of essential imports. Movement restrictions taken to curb the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic have further exacerbated the situation and severely affected all sectors of the economy. An  >>> ILO/FAO assessment of 363 small enterprises <<<  conducted in May 2020 showed that 39 percent of Lebanese workers were permanently laid-off and 38 percent temporarily. For Syrians, that figure stands at 60 percent and 31percent, respectively (ILO and FAFAO, 2020). A large explosion that occurred at the Port of Beirut on 4 Augu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ILO/FAO assessment of 363 small enterprises", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ries is useful because it allows us to analyze changes in the same area aiming to answer the question of how city form has changed through time.\n\nThe Global Human Settlements population grid (GHS-POP) uses data from the  >>> Gridded Population of the World <<<  and reallocates these estimates using the GHS BUILT data set. An alternative would have been to use data from LandScan, which uses a proprietary algorithm to provide population estimates information on elevation, slope, and land cover, as well as locations of road and rail netwo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gridded Population of the World", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The result is 250 independent stochastic realizations of what a 40-year precipitation time series might be. The pseudo-precipitation values generated based on  >>> ERA5 <<<  (prior to the adjustment for CHIRPS) were subsequently used to generate SWI and NDVI catalogs using empirical correlations known to exist between precipitation and these two variables to develop statistical relationships. Each stochastic realization of NDVI and SWI was thus obta", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ERA5", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "edictability of fund flows regarding government services and projects. There also has been progress regarding the preparation of financial statements that are consistent with the expenditure information contained in the  >>> Integrated Financial Management Information System <<<  (IFMIS), as well as in internal audit, with the completion of an Internal Audit Manual that lays out the guidelines for internal audit in government agencies in line with international good practice. \n\nThe Government provided evidence for the achievement of these DLIs to an Inde", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Integrated Financial Management Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " national population of Pakistan that has access to a mobile phone, post-stratified weighting was applied. The weighting corrected for differences in the achieved sample\u2019s profile and what was expected as per the latest  >>> population census <<<  (2017). For creation of weights, two strata were used, namely: 1) Province (Punjab, Sindh, KP, and Balochistan) and 2) region (urban or rural). Thus, a total of 10 weights were created.\n\n# Key Variables and Tools\n\nThe study focuses on the following key risk variables: parental d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erefore, our proxy is close to the true distribution of skilled and unskilled workers in the Romanian labor force. However, the similarity on the aggregate level does not guarantee the similarity on the sector level. In  >>> EU-SILC data <<< , we can identify high-skill workers in all sectors of the economy. Using administrative tax data, we can only use the sector as a proxy of skill level and thus assume that skilled workers do not work in some sectors.\n\n**In this study, we utilize labor demand elasticities based o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EU-SILC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "that represent cities of most in Colombia and 36 months.<sup>10</sup> We focus on capital departments capital cities that host about two-thirds of all Venezuelans in our sample (e.g., using the locations reported in the  >>> RAMV data <<< ) in order to reduce possible biases in crime reporting due to internal conflict that still persists in rural areas (Iba \u0303nez et al., 2017). Yet, as a robustness test we also show that our main results hold for different levels of geographic aggregation B. A. (such as aggregating", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAMV data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n# Treatment of missing data\n\n# We expand equation 1 as follows:\n\nCycl. rggpx\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\u03b1\ufffd\u03b2Cycl. rgdp\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\u03c1xX\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\u03b3\ufffd \ufffd\u03b4\ufffd \ufffd\u03b5\ufffd\ufffd (A-1) The vector of covariates X\ufffd\ufffd includes the standard deviation of the terms of trade (TT series in  >>> WEO database <<< ) measured with five years rolling window, two binary dummy (BD) variables equaling one if the original real primary expenditures and the cyclical components of real GDP were missing, zero otherwise. Last but not least, we include two additional BD variables equaling one if the c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WEO database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ey (THH/FHH), (percentage,ET-Birr)|0.00|35|\u2014<sup>a</sup>|\u2014|\n|Increase in real revenue from selected livestock products in targeted|0.00|44.4|33|74|\n|HH - eggs(THH/FHH), (percentage,ET-Birr)|0.00|49.2|11|22|\n\n\n\n_Source:_  >>> AGP2 EIER <<<  (based on balanced survey data collected in March 2017 and May 2024). \n\n_Note_ : a. This value was statistically insignificant due to the small sample size resulting from a decline in the number of women honey producers. \n\n30. At the same time, the EIER results (see Table 4.5) s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "AGP2 EIER", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ional task approach is that one can identify green jobs in any industry, even those not directly engaged in environmentally sensitive industries.\n\nThis paper aims to fill the gap in the South African literature by using  >>> South African household survey data <<<  and applying an occupational task-based approach to characterize green jobs and workers in South Africa. Inspired by Granata and Posadas (2024), we define two sets of green jobs: strict and broad. Recognizing that occupations are groupings of jobs with similar tasks, we first id", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "South African household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d differently by the market. To further examine gender differential beyond the point of hiring, this study examined the monthly wage differentials between men and women using the 2014 Tunisian Labor Market Panel Survey ( >>> TLMPS <<< ).<sup>14</sup> Table 10 presents the average differences in monthly wages between men and women at different disaggregation levels. It suggests a systematic tendency to value the labor of men over that of women and pay men higher wages than women. Indeed, the median wage for men", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TLMPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "). A negative shock on income or food access that may occur in the event of a food crisis, and more generally, of a global economic crisis, could therefore act a strong determinant of non-adherence to treatment.\n\nWe use  >>> household level panel data from Mozambique <<<  collected in 2007 and 2008, to evaluate the extent to which the effects of the food crisis differed between households with identified HIVpositive patients and households with no identified HIV-positive person. The baseline of the survey was fielded shortly before the peak of th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household level panel data from Mozambique", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to obtain welfare estimates at low geographical levels, it is possible to borrow strength from census data. Censuses in most cases do not collect sufficient information on incomes and/or expenditures. On the other hand  >>> household surveys <<<  tend to collect detailed information on incomes and/or expenditures which allows the generation of welfare statistics such as poverty and inequality measures. Although welfare statistics can be obtained using household surveys, these are rarely sufficiently large to allow for st", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", I present the placebo test results, using the  >>> pre-FPE data <<< , assuming that FPE was introduced in 1999, such that the first FPE-treated cohort entered university in 2011. Third, I narrow the age window to include only students aged between 18 and 22 years old. Fourth, I present the semiparametric DID results controlling for some confoundi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "pre-FPE data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s can be seen from the figure the distribution in the ES differs considerably from that implied by the manufacturing census. Similarly, the quantile of firm size in ES for the year 2007 and 2013 is plotted against a the  >>> 2003 National Industrial Census of Ghana <<< . A visual comparison\n\n> 18Note that we choose not to use sampling weights as they are not appropriate to make this comparison since they are at broader strata.\n\n> 19To make it comparable with the ES, firms employing fewer than 5 workers are dropped in our sample.\n\n23", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2003 National Industrial Census of Ghana", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e short end. 10 Indeed, private credit conditions remained weak in February 2012, and only an estimated \u20ac10 billion of the December 2011 LTRO (5 percent) reportedly found its way to the real economy as credit.\n\n> 11 The  >>> ECB data <<<  shows that Greek bank deposits fell from a peak of \u0404245 billion in end-2009 to \u0404170 billion in February 2012, while Spanish deposits fell by \u04046.4 billion in February 2012, after a \u040417", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ECB data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e the concept of \u201curban agglomerations,\u201d defined in a comprehensive urban study developed by IPEA, IBGE and Unicamp (2002), and used by Da Mata, Deichmann, Henderson, Lall and Wang (2005a and 2005b).\n\nEven though we had  >>> RAIS micro data <<<  available from 1986 to 2003, we found the data from 1993 to 2001 to be more reliable and therefore use only these years for the analysis. For each year, we identified new establishments with at least 10 employees, and recorded the urban agglomeration in which they entered. If th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAIS micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in table 2 along with the corresponding number of excombatants falling into that category. In the first definition, demobilized ex-combatants are those who declared ties to a faction and were registered in the official  >>> demobilization registers <<<  ( _Di_<sup>_FNL_1</sup> and _D_<sup>_CNDD_</sup> _i_<sup>+1</sup> ). In order to minimize misreporting, the second definition adds house-\n\n> 15Conversion factors used are the following: cattle (0.50), sheep and goats (0.10), pigs (0.20), poultry and rabbits (0.01) (Harvest Choic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demobilization registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ons regarding international flows of investment and labor, as well as environmental or intellectual property protection provisions - see (Mattoo et al., 2020) for the list of provisions included in trade agreements. The  >>> World Bank data set on Deep Trade Agreements <<<  provides information on 18 distinct chapters, each of them authored by lead experts. We focus on Chapter 8: Visa and Asylum which assesses \" _the presence, depth, and geographical distribution of visa and asylum provisions in preferential trade agreements (PTAs)_ \". The mapping ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank data set on Deep Trade Agreements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1998) argue that while liberalization appeared to reduce employment per unit, the expansion of production makes the overall impact of liberalization on employment statistically insignificant. In fact, IADB (2003), using  >>> household surveys <<<  for 10 countries, argued that it increased employment and did not have any significant impact on unemployment.  Their overall conclusion is consistent with the finding that, internationally, there is no significant relationship between openness of countries (exports plus imports", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the measure of revenue and output. Measuring gross output relies on  >>> sales and inventory data <<< , both prone to statistical errors. Moreover, price data are usually not available for different products at the firm, so that inferring quantities from revenues may be inaccurate as products and their quality change.\n\nRoughly speaking, there are two main sources of productivity ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sales and inventory data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "but showed gains (marketing of agricultural production, agricultural exports, and access to sanitation), while five were not met (corruption, share of LG revenue as \n\n> 39 A second indicator of perceived corruption, the  >>> National Integrity Survey <<< , produced incomparable results. \n\n35", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Integrity Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al and commercial center \u2013 presents its inhabitants with changes to their local economy that challenge existing structures and institutions but also provides new opportunities in terms of income generation. Finally, the  >>> data set <<<  on which this study builds has genderdisaggregated information on plot ownership and thus identifies which plots are controlled by men or women in the study households. This allows us to examine the gender-disaggregated impacts of land titling on investment and credit.\n\nThe rema", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "igration to the U.S.  Since poor data on illegal flows to the U.S. make direct measurement difficult, this paper instead evaluates the mechanism behind these predictions using data on migration _within_ Mexico where the  >>> census data <<<  permit careful analysis.  We offer the first specifications for migration within Mexico incorporating measures of cost of living, amenities and networks.  Contrary to much of the literature, labor market variables enter very significantly and as predicted once we control for pos", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " types of firms they should focus their enforcement efforts on (Slemrod, 2008; Mascagni et al., 2023).\n\nTo overcome these challenges, we embedded an experiment that indirectly captures levels of tax evasion as part of a  >>> nationally representative survey of 2,955 firms <<<  in Indonesia. Specifically, we use a list experiment (also known as the \u201citem count technique\u201d) whereby respondents only state the number of statements on a list that apply to them but do not reveal directly which of the statements are true (see detailed explanation of this appr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationally representative survey of 2,955 firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ut? Have you lost your self-confidence?</mark> The question \u201cDo you feel capable of overcoming your problems?\u201d is negatively phrased in the PPCS (\u201cDo you feel incapable of overcoming your problems?\u201d). In analysis of the  >>> Facebook data <<< , this item has been reverse coded so the higher end of the response scale indicates more severe outcomes, in alignment with the rest of the module.\n\n<mark>Do you see yourself as a useless person?</mark>\n\n# **<mark>Depression</mark>**\n\n_<mark>English text of Facebook questionnair", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Facebook data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". Water<br>subsistence consumption of 6 cubic meters/month<br>price of water (US$/cubic meter)<br>% of household budget<br>% of household budget<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Illustrative calculations based on  >>> Liberia Poverty Assessment <<< .\n\nAt first glance, utility operational inefficiencies do not look very significant relative to GDP _._ Distribution losses of power and water utilities total $1.8 million annually, while under-collection amounts to a further $1.1 million annually. This amounts to no more than 0.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Liberia Poverty Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# _Methodology: Defining a Discovery_\n\nWith the  >>> 1990s HS data <<< , we define a discovery as a product which was not sold abroad in a large amount at the beginning of the 1990s (exports were less than $10,000 in 1992, or in 1993 if 1992 data from the country were not reported), but by the end of the 1990s was consistently exported in a large qu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1990s HS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "east some of their basic needs. It is therefore important to understand what vulnerable groups see as their most pressing protection issues so that CBIs can be better tailored to meet these needs. With this in mind, the  >>> quantitative survey <<<  asked respondents to assess their households\u2019 ability to access food, clean drinking water and healthcare, as well as their feelings of personal security in the community and ability to access adequate shelter. Access to food healthcare and shelter were cited most as being bad o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quantitative survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " with the head 45 to 64 years of age and those headed by retiaries face different inflation rates compared to CPI inflation. <u>Ant\u00f3n et al. (2016)</u> analyze data from 31 European countries, and Cullinan et al. (2011)  >>> data from Ireland <<<  to study the implications of high inflation on the well-being of people with disabilities. Both studies conclude that people with disabilities are more vulnerable to high inflation than the general population.\n\n5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from Ireland", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s began but have claims to such land or assets (such as returnees) \n\n- vi) Thos who do not have recognizable legal rights or claim to the land they are occupying \n\n- v) Persons who encroach on the road reserve after the  >>> resettlement survey <<<  (census and valuation) are not eligible for compensation. \n\n58", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "resettlement survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of basic NFIs are<br>sometimes available in<br>the markets.|\u226530% of basic NFIs are<br>alw ays or sometimes<br>available in the markets.|<30% NFIs are alw ays<br>or sometimes available<br>in the markets.|\n\n\n\n> 1 Based on  >>> data collected from assessed communities <<<  \n\n> 2 IDP task force \n\n> 3 Protection conflict and OCHA HTR combined average \n\n> 4 Sectoral assessments \u2013 Q2 in multi-sectoral questionnaire \n\n> 5 Sectoral assessments \u2013 Q4 in multi-sectoral questionnaire \n\n1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data collected from assessed communities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "yer (GHSL) which combines gridded population data estimated by CIESIN GPW v4.11 GHS-POP R2023 and built-up surface information from Landsat and Sentinel-2 data GHS-BUILT-S R2023 (Schiavina et al., 2023).<sup>5</sup> The  >>> settlement data <<<  are available at the 1km resolution. We consider the data for the year 2020, which is the closest available to the time period of interest for both countries. In case of Nigeria, we defined \u2018urban\u2019 areas as cells defined as high-density cluster,<sup>6</sup> \u2018suburban\u2019 as moderat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "settlement data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "15|1,709,000|5%|5,028|104,972|\n\n\n\n## **1.16 Youth** \n\n> 1 Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal (https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/uga), September 20, 2020. \n\n2 Calculation based on district-level firm data from  >>> Census of Business Establishments <<< , and refugee and host community household data from the Refugee and Host Community Household Survey. \n\n43", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census of Business Establishments", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". According to the national accounts, they range from around US$200 per person per trip for transit tourists to more than three times that amount for recreation tourists (Table 3 and Appendix Table A7). Recent data from  >>> TSA surveys <<<  are broadly consistent with the national accounts. Average expenditures per tourist are on average US$549 per person per trip compared to the slightly lower average from the national accounts. The latest round of TSA data for tourists in direct transit is not yet available, so t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TSA surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "using  >>> 22 years of data <<< , the income and the assets of the poor who were affected by natural disasters were significantly lower over the longer term than those of the poor who were not affected by them (Pleninger 2022). In Ethiopia and Honduras, natural disasters pushed poor households into poverty trap", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "22 years of data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ong development gains, becoming a lower-middle-income country, reducing poverty, and building its human capital.** Kenya had a population of 47.5 million (2019) and a per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of US$1,879 ( >>> World Development Indicators <<<  (WDI), 2020). Its relatively diversified economy posted strong, sustained growth, lifting real GDP by an annual average of 5.0 percent from 2010-19. Poverty rates have declined; the share of the population living below the national poverty line fell from 46.8 percent in 2005/06 ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " e-commerce 0 20 40 60 80<br>Used the internet to buy something online in the past year<br>(percent age 15+)<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n_Source:_ World Bank E-commerce Diagnostic for Albania\u2014forthcoming. _Source:_  >>> World Bank Findex Survey <<<  (2017). \n\n**To unlock these benefits, countries in the Western Balkans need to come together to build a regional e-commerce market.** E-commerce activity in the Western Balkans is lower than in regional and aspirational peers. Catching up will require a holistic multisectoral ap", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Findex Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es validating their degrees (Column 6, Table 1). Although skill validation is an important factor, it does not explain a large part of the overall higher vulnerability of migrants in the labor market; as captured in the  >>> EU-LFS <<< , it represents a main barrier for only 6 percent of working-age migrants. Moreover, when we compare the coefficients for different world regions (tables 1-3, columns 5- 6), we do not see much of a change", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EU-LFS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1) What is the spatial distribution of global biodiversity that should be protected? (2) How can protecting 30% of the This paper attempts to contribute by revisiting the spatial distribution of global biodiversity with  >>> species occurrence records <<<  from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). During the past 15 years, the GBIF\u2019s global reporting network has expanded to include occurrences for over 2 million species. During of these records include locational coordinates, the GBIF data can enable new estimates ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "species occurrence records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly establish their use. Figure 1 presents the general business functions considered in the survey and the possible technologies that can be used to conduct each of 4The granular information that can be obtained with the  >>> FAT survey <<<  allows us to explore central questions on technology policy in developing countries. One example, itself a product of this paper, is the World Bank policy report \"Bridging the Technological Divide\" (Cirera, Comin and Cruz, 2022).\n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "FAT survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_|\n|No. with upr. Vocatl. Edn.|1244.85|_0.00_|2010 q3|-45.04|_0.57_|\n|No. with university edn.|2230.56|_0.00_|2010q4|-133.99|_0.09_|\n|No. withpost-graduate edn.|4085.72|_0.00_|Constant|9421.57|_0.00_|\n\nSource: Data from  >>> Thailand Socio-Economic Surveys <<<  of 2007-2010. Data are pooled. Sample size: 176,141 households. Adjusted R<sup>2</sup> = 0.29. Quarterly fixed effects are relative to 2007:Q1.\n\n**Table 2.  Measuring the Impact of the 2008-09 Recession on Real Expenditure, Thailand**\n\n|Change in real expenditure per capita||\n|-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Thailand Socio-Economic Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or indicators. The particular content that is of interest to us relates to maize growing households and variables such as maize prices, distance to markets and household characteristics.\n\nOne of the main findings of the  >>> 2007 HBS <<<  is that rate of poverty reduction in Tanzania has been modest. Figures 1 and 2 show the development in the food and basic needs poverty incidence from the 1991/92 HBS, 2000/01 HBS and 2007 HBS.\n\n10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2007 HBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", (iii) assumptions on the effectiveness of these alternative modalities, and (iv) assumptions on duration of school closures. Results are provided by country and are disaggregated by socio-economic status. The PISA and  >>> PISA-D databases <<<  are used for these calculations, 2018 or the latest available PISA year.\n\nwhere,\n\n**sc** , school closure (as a share of the school year) for country _c_\n\n**mw** , mitigation effectiveness by welfare quintile (w)\n\n**pw** , school productivity or learning gains by welfare quintil", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PISA-D databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ica 2001-2011**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 2000 2005 2010<br>Year<br>Total LVAD Total LVAX<br>200000<br>150000<br>US$ Mil 100000<br>50000<br>0<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Authors\u2019 elaboration based on  >>> LACEX <<< .\n\n# **b. Jobs**\n\nThe slower growth in the labor value added of exports compared to domestic final output is mainly due to the fact that the export sector has been slowly shedding jobs. The LACEX data combined with South Africa\u2019s Labor Force Survey data show that between 2001 and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LACEX", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r aircraft|0.1|19.8|17.1|0|1.1|15.5|16.3|\n|% of seat-km in newer aircraft|59.6|63.8|79.3|100|79|71.4|57.0|\n|% of seat-km in aircraft of unknown age|40.2|16.4|3.6|0|19.9|13.0|26.7|\n\n_Source:_ Bofinger, 2009. Derived from  >>> AICD air transport database <<<  downloadable from", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "AICD air transport database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " survey was conducted by making car transect and foot surveys and no Burial Sites were identified and documented during the  >>> archaeological/cultural heritage survey <<<  along the TL corridor and the SS works. \n\nTherefore, no compensation will be required. \n\n###### **7.13 Impact on Vulnerable Groups** \n\n<mark>Security or vulnerability of households\u2019 livelihoods vary between households depending on their relative endowment with and/ or access to ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "archaeological/cultural heritage survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " linked activities** . All disbursement methods are available for the non PBC activities, under the regular IPF. For the Advance to the DA and Reimbursement methods, the project will use report-based disbursements using  >>> quarterly consolidated IFRs <<< . Initial advance will be deposited to the DA upon receipt of withdrawal applications from NBE along with the six-month cash requirement forecast. Further replenishments will be made upon submission of consolidated financial reports (IFRs) by NBE. The IFRs will be used to documen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quarterly consolidated IFRs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly due to differences in the regional coverage of each survey. The VHRS 2015 has a sample that is representative of the population in five provinces\u2014Ho Chi Minh City, Ha Noi, Da Nang, Binh Duong, and Dak Nong\u2014 while the  >>> HLSS 2012 <<<  is supposed to be nationally representative.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HLSS 2012", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nificant impacts of 0.14 standard deviations on English achievement tests and 0.12 on math achievement tests after two years of operation of a CCT program in Malawi.\n\nOur study builds on two recent studies which use the  >>> ENLACE data <<<  to study impacts of PROSPERA. Acevedo, Ortega and Sz\u00e9kely (2018) use several sources of variation to estimate impact of PROSPERA on achievement tests, including comparing beneficiaries with nonbeneficiaries and comparing beneficiaries with less time in the program to beneficiari", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ENLACE data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 5444\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThe authors use  >>> panel data <<<  on the number of new firm registrations in 95 countries to study the impact of the business environment and 2008 financial crisis on new firm registration. The data show that more dynamic formal business creation occurs in countries that provide entrepreneurs with a stable legal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|EyeDiseases|5,606|1.7|17,466|3.0|23,086|2.7|\n|Trauma(Injuriesand<br>Wounds)|4,899|1.68|6,102|1.1|11,001|1.3|\n|EarDiseases|4,787|1.6|8,925|1.5|13,712|1.6|\n\n\n\nSource: Directorate of Health Jinja District \n\n**Table 3.16:  >>> Outpatients Diagnoses for Mukono District <<<  July 2005 - June 2006** \n\n|**Diagnoses**|**Underfive**<br>|**yearsold**<br>|**Fiveye**<br>**abo**<br>|**arsand**<br>**ve**|**Alla**|**ges**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**Number**|**%ofall**|**Number**|**%ofall**|**Number**|**% ofall**|\n|Malaria|90,831|39|143,957|61|234,788|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Outpatients Diagnoses for Mukono District", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "committed to supporting and providing resources for the implementation of various income restoration and community development schemes for the Subproject affected communities. \n\nBased on the analysis and findings of the  >>> census surveys <<<  and public consultation meetings as well as the objective conditions of different categories of PAHs (experiences, opportunities, and capabilities in terms of resources and skills for income generating activities, needs, and constraints in the case of vulnerable groups), we have", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "FHH|573|1.29|0.91|454|3.81|5.27|0.000***|194.9|\n||(liters/day)|Total|2,386|1.32|0.92|2,040|3.95|5.35|0.000***|199.2|\n|Non-AGP2 Woredas||Total|551|1.26|0.97|465|4.85|5.88|0.000***|284.7|\n\n\n\n_Source:_ AGP2 EIER (based on  >>> survey data <<<  collected in March 2017 and May 2024). \n\nPage 34", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ographic unit for merging with the welfare data, additional data were incorporated in the data set, including country and administrative area boundaries from the World Bank Group, Global Administration Areas (GADM), and  >>> Global Administrative Unit Layers <<<  (GAUL) of the FAO.\n\nThe standardized anomaly measure is defined as _(level \u2013 mean for local area)/standard deviation_ for the local area, where the mean and standard deviation for the local area are calculated based on the 20 years of hazard data, or the maximum data available i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Administrative Unit Layers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 6095\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper applies an econometric analysis to estimate the average and distribution benefits of rural electrification using rich  >>> household survey data from India <<< . The results support that rural electrification helps to reduce time allocated to fuelwood collection by household members and increases time allocated to studying by boys and girls. Rural electrification also increases the labor supply of men and women, schooling of boys and gi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data from India", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es landlords to use sharecropping contracts as a screening device where the tenants' acceptance of certain types of contracts provides a signal for their productive ability (Newbery and Stiglitz 1979) does, at least for  >>> Indian data <<< , not conform well with the data (Olson-Lanjouw 1995).\n\n23", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Indian data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "3 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source_ :  >>> Data from IFS (2017) <<< . _Note_ : Figures are in constant 2010 dollars.\n\n# **4. Econometric Methodology and Modeling Strategy: Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL)**\n\nEconomic analysis proposes that there is a long\u2010run relationship between variables and that the means and variances are constant", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data from IFS (2017)", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|**How many children are**<br>**going to school?**|**Kiruhura**|||**Mbarara**|\n|Primary|427|||144|\n|Secondary|127|||46|\n|Tertiary|27|||11|\n|University|28|||12|\n|**Total**|**609**|||**214**|\n\n\n\n**_Source: Field Datafrom  >>> social economic survey <<<  in October 2017_** \n\nThe land survey revealed that no social infrastructure will be negatively affected by the construction of the line; instead, the access to electricity will improve the services provided at these facilities. Some of the schools to benefit will include; Byanam", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "social economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ear FE|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|Observations|102056|102056|102056|102056|102056|102056|\n|Firms|11764|11764|11764|11764|11764|11764|\n|R-squared|0.121|0.118|0.072|0.121|0.119|0.076|\n\nNotes: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> survey data <<<  from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. All regressions include firm and year fixed effects. Measures of Germany\u2019s specialization refer to the period 1994-2004. TFPR is estimated using the method in Levinsohn and Petrin (2003). Border is a dummy variable that takes value ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", for each state. Data are drawn from the  >>> tender-participant table <<< , and encompass all types of purchases, including tender waivers, for both products and services. Here, we consider only the winners\u2019 (suppliers) information. We match this dataset with the _Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jur\u00eddicas_ (CNPJ), a dataset provided by the Ministry of the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tender-participant table", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "se with unit context models. In Section 4 we explore both weighted and unweighted versions of the unit context model to assess how this impacts the estimates. Third, noting that aggregation is unavoidable due to the way  >>> geospatial data <<<  are processed, it is worth mentioning that the geographic level at which geospatial covariates are processed and linked to survey data (grid size) impacts the estimation. Because of this and because geospatial covariates can only act as proxies for the kind of variables typicall", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "geospatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " valued based on compensation schedules preposed by the Woreda Office of Agriculture.The Subproject will affect privately-owned farmlands, and trees and therefore compensation will be paid. \n\nAccording to results of the  >>> census enumeration and property registration <<< , the Subproject will affect the following properties belong to a total of 613 households: \n\n- 4.374 ha of farmland (3.921 ha by substation) \n\n- 111 housing structures belonging to 61 households \n\n- 72,834 eucalyptus trees \n\n- 7,386 indigenous trees \n\n- 32,015 fruit trees & peren", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census enumeration and property registration", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al activity. However several studies in the literature have found mixed results. This study adds to the literature by exploring the relationship between the size of the police force and crime experienced by firms. Using  >>> survey data <<<  for about 12,000 firms in a cross-section of 27 developing countries, the study finds that increasing the size of the police force is negatively associated with crime experienced by firms. The results are confirmed using a panel of firms for a subset of countries for which data ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dings on the demographic and socioeconomic aspects of heads of households as well as the entire population in those Subprojects affected households. It shall be noted that the analysis and presentation of results of the  >>> socio- economic baseline and census surveys <<<  is confined to households that are affected by the proposed substation and associated transmission line towers as well as access road of the Subproject. \n\n##### **6.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Households** \n\nBased on the results of the census enumeration a total of 26 h", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio- economic baseline and census surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rgets were set ambitiously high at that stage); (c) M&E reports shaped the agendas for joint review and support missions, guiding discussions, identifying areas of support, and facilitating key management decisions; (d)  >>> data from the Results Framework <<<  were essential in preparing Implementation Status and Results Reports (ISRs) and communicating project progress to World Bank management; (e) monitoring of agreed actions supported periodic project reviews and future planning; and (f) the use of GEMS allowed the project to geo-t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the Results Framework", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " survey forms the basis for developing the livelihood restoration activities presented in this LRP. It provides the baseline against which to measure the change in PAHs\u2019 livelihoods and standards of living. Based on the  >>> census survey data <<< , this livelihood restoration plan is designed to ensure that households adversely affected by the proposed subproject receive benefits and have their livelihoods, standards of living, and living conditions improved - or at least restored - in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sociational activity measure into groups that are likely to be distributional coalitions (negative correlation) and groups that are Putnamesque (positive correlation).\n\nLa Porta and colleagues (1997) once again used the  >>> trust data <<<  from the World Values Survey to examine the thesis that trust or social capital determines the performance of society's institutions through cross-country regressions. Trust is the propensity to co-operate. They argue that trust is needed more to support co-operation between str", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "trust data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n.<sup>2</sup>\n\n> 1 Wilson et. al. (2004) and Nordas and Piermartini (2004) use a standard gravity equation to estimate how trade facilitation costs and infrastructure affect trade flows using a gravity model.  They use  >>> data on port efficiency <<<  from the Global Competitiveness Report.  These data are based on perception", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on port efficiency", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " with the increased level of staffing and reduced PqTR).\n\nThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of all schools in Malawi for seven months during 2020 and appears to have led to significant dropout.<sup>9</sup> As the  >>> EMIS data <<<  collected in October-November 2019 is the most recent available prior to the onset of the pandemic, we restrict our analysis to the 2017 and 2018 allocations of teachers for which lagged information is available prior to the pandemic.\n\nTables 5.3-5.6 show DiD results. In each ta", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "m demand of employment categories such as directors, specialized workers (engineers, professionals), administrators, blue-collar operatives, and maintenance services workers. The firm data from the ENIA is combined with  >>> administrative customs data <<<  on firms\u2019 exports. This allows us to link the exporting status of a firm with the demand for skilled tasks and to track this link for several years. We show that Chilean exporters utilize more skills than Chilean non-exporters. However, the skill composition of employment matter", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative customs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Table 2:  >>> Municipality-level Summary Statistics <<< , by Higher Education Choice\n\n|Variable|Short-Cycle<br>Program|Bachelors\u2019<br>Program|Not Enrolled|All|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Total GDP (billions COP)|27.379|25.114|18.853|21.493|\n|Ratio of Urban/Rural Population|1.403|1.364|1.030|1.163|\n|Homicide rate (per 1,000 inhabitants)|0.3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Municipality-level Summary Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "According to the Government of Algeria, there are an estimated 165,000 Sahrawi refugees in the Tindouf camps. \n\n2 UNHCR figures for Pakistan only include Afghans living in camps who are assisted by UNHCR. According to a  >>> 2005 government census of Afghans in Pakistan <<<  and subsequent voluntary repatriation during the year, there are an additional 1.5 million Afghans living outside camps, some of whom may be refugees. Those Afghans living outside camps receive no UNHCR assistance except access to UNHCR-facilitated voluntary repatriation. These ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2005 government census of Afghans in Pakistan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Candidate variables were selected from the  >>> NHBPS 2014/2015 <<<  based on a review of the existing literature, hypothesized correlations to consumption, and the following criteria important for the field implementation of the PMT (Coady, Grosh, and Hoddinott 2004; Brown, Ravallion, and Van de Walle 2018; Sebastian et al. 2018):\n\n1. It should ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NHBPS 2014/2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ractices in the Regional Response to the Syria Crisis (UNHCR and UNDP Regional Joint Secretariat, 2015), while not specifically focused on localisation, usefully illustrates localised approaches in practice. In Lebanon,  >>> regular tracking of support to Public Institutions <<<  within the LCRP (Inter-Agency Coordination Lebanon, 2017) catalogues investments and support to local institutions as key aspects of resilience and \n\n**13**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "regular tracking of support to Public Institutions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of the geographical scale of population dispersion and dispersion-adjusted population sparsity were calculated for each country with sufficiently detailed data (a minimum of five sub-national areas) in the World Bank\u2019s  >>> subnational geography database <<< .\n\nAcross the global database, the geographical scale of population dispersion ranges from a maximum of 3,600km in Russia, to a minimum of 40km in Trinidad and Tobago (Figure 5, Appendix E shows the numerical values and country rankings according to the new dispersion measures). ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "subnational geography database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " LFS pilot study data accessed at ILO.\n\nCareful attention to wording choice, adapted to local context, is therefore important in the framing of employment questions. A recent study by Comblon and Robilliard (2017) using  >>> data from more than 40 surveys and censuses <<<  conducted in Cameroon, Mali and Senegal between 1976 and 2012 also discusses how women\u2019s reporting of employment is more sensitive to questionnaire wording and design, owing to the effects of social norms/interpretation of wording, and the specific types of work women in low-inc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from more than 40 surveys and censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " an average assistance of $300 felt that their situation would improve a lot. \n\n### **Beneficiaries are loyal to their cash modalities** \n\nFocus group discussions and  >>> individual surveys <<<  revealed that IDPs who received one type of cash of voucher modality preferred to receive the same modality again even if the recipient experienced problems with the previous intervention. This \u2018preference\u2019 is likely due to an established familiarity with the existing modality r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "individual surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "?**|**Kiruhura**|||**Mbarara**|\n|Primary|427|||144|\n|Secondary|127|||46|\n|Tertiary|27|||11|\n|University|28|||12|\n|**Total**|**609**|||**214**|\n\n\n\n**_Source: Field Datafrom social economic survey in October 2017_** \n\nThe  >>> land survey <<<  revealed that no social infrastructure will be negatively affected by the construction of the line; instead, the access to electricity will improve the services provided at these facilities. Some of the schools to benefit will include; Byanamira Modern P.S, Byanamira P.S.Excel P", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "land survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l be presented to the Public Service Commission for approval. \n\n**21. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, more than one in five firms is starting to use or increasing their use of digital platforms.** According to the  >>> Kenya COVID-19 BPS <<< , 23 percent of survey firms increased investment in digital platforms. This, coupled with increased use of digital payment/lending platforms present a great potential for increasing access to finance by MSMEs, especially those in the micro and small end of the scale. Mobile Netw", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Kenya COVID-19 BPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nalysis in the context of Peru, a developing country with a high prevalence of maternal depression.\n\nTo shed light on the issue, we conduct our analysis using information from the Young Lives (YL) survey in Peru, a rich  >>> longitudinal household survey <<<  that follows households with at least one child born between 2001 and 2002 (index child). For our analysis, we use YL\u2019s first three rounds: a baseline round in 2002, when the index child was 6-20 months old, the first follow-up when the child was 4 - 6 years old, and the last ro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "longitudinal household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ld expenditure change. Instead, it offers an estimated reflection of the overall change in medical costs attributable to taxation. This encompasses the impact on patients in both the public and private sectors, with the  >>> public sector's cost data <<<  serving as the foundational reference point.\n\n_Table 4_ - Medical expenditure related to dietary risks\n\n|Diseases related to dietary risks|2018|2019|2020|2021|2022|Average<br>2018-2022|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Other heart diseases|173.06|169.51|129.86|122.58|149.26|148.85", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "public sector's cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s, links the literature on PTM with that on trade policy and competition.\n\nWe also contribute to the recent literature documenting the effect of tariffs and NTMs on exporters\u2019 performance. Fontagn \u0301e _et al._ (2015) use  >>> French firm-level data <<<  and show that SPS concerns raised at the WTO increase firms\u2019 unit values and inhibit their entry. Interestingly, they show that these effects are not neutral on the distribution of firms, as smaller ones seem to react more strongly. Using a similar strategy, Fontagn \u0301e and Orefi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "French firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in Table A2 to compute the baseline between-market mobility frictions. With this baseline mobility friction, estimated _\u03bd_ , labor allocation data, and the  >>> wage data <<<  for the base year, we solve for the labor allocation and values at the initial steady state as described in Appendix A.5.<sup>45</sup> We calibrate the cost share of labor ( _\u03b3l_ for Brazil and _\u03b3_ \u0304 _n,l_ for all other countries), the cost share of intermediate inputs ( _\u03b3m_ fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "wage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "et components and find that the Safety Net likely mitigated crisis impacts for many beneficiaries. The simulations measure only direct short-run impacts; hence, they do not take into account general equilibrium effects.  >>> Post-crisis income data <<<  from a different data source suggest that poverty rates increased by 8.0 percentage points between 2008 and 2009. As a result, the authors suggest that their ex-ante simulation performs reasonably well and is a useful tool to identify vulnerable groups during the early stages of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Post-crisis income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rdinated, and the results can be disaggregated in ways that would provide metrics for operating regions and eventually for feeders. In addition, the availability of a digitally mapped network, the possibility of getting  >>> network asset database <<<  from GIS initiatives, customer indexing data, and the meter-to-cash pilot project will provide the utility with better loss value estimation and allow it to design an informed plan for reducing commercial losses. \n\n37. **The operational and financial performance improvement supp", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "network asset database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ncorporates both extinction risk and cost-effective<br>administration within limited areas. We illustrate the potential with a Brazilian case that identifies 5 of<br>of species maps estimated from the GBIF\u2019s open-source  >>> occurrence records database <<< .<br>Our estimation<br>algorithm is designed for rapid production of new maps as more records become available. We find that<br>existing expert mapping exercises, as well as highlighting cases where existing expert maps could be<br>revised to incorporate new GBIF information.<br>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "occurrence records database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " additional treatment to systematically inquire about startups\u2019 progress, added to the first treatment. We assessed this treatment\u2019s effect on investment outcomes of Vilcap\u2019s actual investment capital. Our analysis of a  >>> panel dataset of 1,530 decisions <<<  (from 510 investor-startup dyads over three time periods) suggests that treated investors assessed startups in a dynamic fashion rather than static \u2013 this changed how they evaluated startup competence and its future potential. These small changes in evaluation templates produced", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel dataset of 1,530 decisions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "services for persons with disability (5%), Rehabilitation services for children (5%) support for persons with specific needs (10%), documentation (5%) WASH (3%), education (9%), legal aid (5%) and education at (8%). The  >>> Household survey data <<<  indicates Samangan and Sar-e \u2013pul as the highest rate of respondents who reported denial of access to services (52%), followed by Wardak (48%), Badghis (42%), Hirat, Takhar and Badakhshan (38% each), Balakh (32%), (32Ghor (28%), Nimroz (27%), Takhar and Kandahar (12%).27 % of re", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata from CSA<br>In EFY 2012 the wage rate was increased by 16% on average<br>Data source: June 2020 Consumer Price Index data from CSA<br>In EFY 2012 the wage rate was increased by 16% on average<br>Based on analysis of  >>> CPI data from CSA <<< , despite the wage rate adjustments, n<br>purchase a full 15kg of cereals with the existing wage rate.  The existing wage<br>about 9.4 kg of cereals.|one of the transfers can<br>can purchase in average|\n\n\n\n# <u><mark>IN01086867</mark></u> \n\n\u25ba", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CPI data from CSA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sehold members, as they would cancel out in any case. The resulting indicator is the energy spending share in overall income at the household level. Table 2 reveals that the average energy spending share observed in the  >>> HBS 2019 <<<  in Bulgaria is 13.1 percent. The largest energy spending component is on electricity (59.3 percent of all energy expenditure), followed by other solid fuels (27.5 percent) and heat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HBS 2019", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd work with the resulting moving averages. By taking an average over a period of time, measurement error and transitory shocks will be partially averaged out (Shorrocks, 1978). Due to availability of just two rounds in  >>> Egypt panel <<<  we limit ourselves to the first approach.\n\n# **III. Data and methodology**\n\nLiving standards in Egypt are monitored with the high-quality large household survey: Household Income, Expenditures and Consumption Surveys (HIECS). Conducted every five years since 1995, these surveys ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Egypt panel", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The Global  >>> Findex data <<<  is particularly well-suited to measure the gender gap in access to finance as the definition of account penetration includes only individual or joint accounts and not the use of someone else\u2019s account. The use of savings and credit refers to individual behavior as well. This is ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Findex data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion 4.1. Between 2016 and 2059, it plots 66 projections of premature deaths (22 models _\u00d7_ 3 SSP-electricity scenarios). These calculations follow the same methodology but use runoff projections from the climate models,  >>> demographic projections from the SSPs <<< , and electricity scenarios from the IEA. To better visualize the overall trends, we also plot a LOESS curve for the observed premature deaths and for the projections under each SSP-electricity scenario.\n\ncompass more ambitious reductions in power generation from combustion power", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demographic projections from the SSPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ome levels between countries can be explained by education (Acemoglu & Dell 2010, Mankiw, Romer & Weil 1992).\n\nThe skills that workers bring to the firm influence productivity and performance. Gennioli et al. (2013) use  >>> Enterprise Survey data <<<  of 20 countries \u2013 including Mozambique \u2013 to estimate that an additional year of education of an employee leads to a 6-7 percent return in productivity. Moretti (2004) finds that American firms in cities with more college-educated inhabitants are more 5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "), endemic and / or restricted habitat range species as per the international and national red lists (IUCN 2018, WCS 2016). Four waterbird species of critical importance were identified as being seasonally present using  >>> eBird data <<<  for Western Uganda.  Due to their critical nature, these species qualify as critical habitat species. Shoebill and Gray Crowned Crane are the highest priority waterbirds for reducing impacts and show a year-round presence, but with reduced abundance from mid-May to September.  M", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "eBird data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "insi que des analyses de conflits en Ituri. Des partenaires et acteurs de protection ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 consult\u00e9s et ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019analyse de protection. La cartographie du conflit a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par le GPC \u00e0 partir de  >>> bases de donn\u00e9es externes <<< ._ \n\n##### **_Limites_** \n\n_L\u2019environnement s\u00e9curitaire et les dynamiques de conflits sont extr\u00eamement changeants en Ituri et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du contexte actuel ne repr\u00e9sente pas forc\u00e9ment celle de demain", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bases de donn\u00e9es externes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Start of picture text --> Telework 6% Essential<br>12% 17%<br>6%<br>14% 9%<br>17%<br>19%<br>No face-to-face<br>Total<br>employment<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Own elaboration based on EU-LFS data (2018) and  >>> O*NET survey <<< s (2019).\n\nThere is a strong and positive correlation between the relative intensity of communication and manual tasks required in occupations and the share of teleworkable jobs (our Measure #2) at the three-digit ISCO level (Figure 2). The Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.87", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "O*NET survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ticularly between India and the other countries of the region. These are evaluated in detail in the following section. A useful beginning to the analysis is a review of trade structures at a broad level.\n\nAn analysis of  >>> product-level trade data <<< , at the SITC heading level in Table 6 suggests that agriculture and primary materials have dominated intra-regional trade in South Asia for the past two decades. For example, in 1998 the percentage of regional exports that originated in food and live animals was over 60 percent ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "product-level trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " specific fertility rate, or the probability of giving birth). Using panel data for 18 Latin American countries covering over 45 years and a separate analysis of transition to first, second and higher order births using  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<< , Adsera and Menendez (2009) find that women postpone and in some cases even reduce childbearing during economic crises; this fertility response appears to in response to increases in unemployment rather than slowdown in GDP growth. They find fertility postponement to be stronger", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n investors is 30 percent)<br>4.2-6.2(the share of foreign investors is 40 percent)|IMF, OECD, EC, EIU|11 AEs and 14 EMs||\n|Engen and Hubbard(2005)|2.8|CBO|U.S||\n|Laubach(2009)|3 to 4.4|CBO|U.S||\n|Traum and Yang(2015)|3| >>> DEGE implied data <<< |U.S||\n|Arslanalp and Poghosyan(2016)|2.7 to 2.8|IMF|22 AEs||\n|Gruber and Kamin(2012)|0.4 to 1.3|OECD|19 OECD countries||\n|Ichiue and Shimizu(2015)|0.7 to 0.9|OECD|10 OECD countries||\n|Jaramillo and Weber (2013)|4 to 6|EIU|26 EMs||\n|**(2) Marginal impact of**|basis point|Forecast", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DEGE implied data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-|---|---|---|\n||**IUCN**|**National**|||**relevance**|\n|**Mammals**||||||\n|African Savanna Elephant (_Loxodonta_<br>_africana_)|EN|CR|Unlikely to be<br>impacted|Known population in Sango Bay area<br>Impact:  >>> Online data <<<  explains movement corridor<br>is from Sango Bayarea towards Tanzania|Mas-Mut|\n|Spotted-necked Otter(_Hydrictis maculicollis_)|NT|EN|Wetland disturb.|In range,anyfreshwater habitats|Both|\n|Giant Ground Pangolin (_Smutsia gigantea_)|EN|VU|Induced access in<br>surrounding areas|Bro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Online data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a. 40). Measures were also taken to control vehicle overloading under the Fourth Highway Project (Cr. 276-KE). All cost estimates for the Highway Sector Development Plan have been based on higher design standards and on  >>> traffic projections <<<  derived from past trends. Longer contracting periods have also been allowed given the delays experienced under previous projects. \n\n45. There are four ongoing Bank Group financed projects. The Highway Maintenance Project (Cr. 224-KE) was designed to establish a sound maintenance", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "traffic projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ple, a crop in SPAM is in large quantity in a given pixel, but in reality it is not in the pixel at all, or only in small quantity.\n\n# Results and Discussion\n\n## Spatial disaggregation\n\nThe regression results from using  >>> crop production from SPAM <<<  \u2010\u2010 along with livestock, forest, and fisheries data \u2013 are found in Table 1.\n\nFor crops, the units are in metric tons, and the dependent variable is in thousands of reais. So, if we were to try to interpret the parameters as prices, the value for the parameter estimate for wheat ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "crop production from SPAM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "it Account **(SDA)** movement schedule which shows the flow of funds that were voted in the year. These funds have been reported as loans/grants received in the year under the Statement of Receipts and Payments. \n\n#####  >>> Special Deposit Accounts Movement Schedule <<<  \n\n||**2016/17**|**2015/16**|\n|---|---|---|\n||KShs|KShs|\n|(i)<br>**A/CName[A/c**No**1000308672]**|||\n|Openingbalance|||\n|Totalamountdeposited intheaccount|**121,363,550**||\n|Totalamountwithdrawn(asperStatementofReceipts**&**Payments)|**121,363,550**||\n|Closingbalance_(as_**_per_*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Special Deposit Accounts Movement Schedule", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " MENA Monitor Survey, which has a smaller sample and does not include all nationalities. We found that this does not change our results appreciably, so we prefer the simpler approach of using the sampling weights in the  >>> LMPS <<< .\n\n38 This approach can provide a short cut for assigning job losses to workers for situations in which such data are available and the objective is not to understand the drivers of job loss and risk or predict out of sample job losses.\n\n39 This could be due to the well-known Luc", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LMPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ment of the baseline environmental data was carried out to understand the existing parameters in the physical, biological and socio-economic environment within the vicinity of the project site. Aspects observed included  >>> climate data <<< , geological data and soils, hydrology, air and noise quality, among others, as detailed in section 3 of the report. This information", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "climate data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lassified as _Sisben_ level 1) from selected comparable areas not targeted by the program.<sup>19</sup> We follow different cohorts of children in treatment and control municipalities who were interviewed as part of the  >>> baseline survey <<<  carried out in 2002 and that could have finished high school during the period 2003-2009. Hence, the location, age and grade of the children at baseline determine their treatment status and length of exposure to the program for the treated. Given that 2003 is the first year in w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l services has been declining in Colombia, as illustrated by decreasing levels of financial depth and intermediation and decreasing availability of basic financial services in relation to population size. In addition, a  >>> household survey in Bogot\u00e1 <<<  finds that 61% of the adult population lacks access to any form of formal financial services, such as checking or savings accounts, payment services or loans.\n\n3. An overall decline in financial intermediation, especially following the banking and fiscal crisis in the second hal", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey in Bogot\u00e1", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ect of exposure to the conflict as a whole. We focus on primary schooling because most individuals in Timor Leste (65 percent) have at most only primary school education (TLSS 2007b). The empirical study is based on two  >>> cross-sectional household surveys <<< : the Timor Leste Living Standard Measurement Surveys (TLSS), conducted in 2001 and 2007, jointly by the National Statistics Directorate in Timor Leste and the World Bank. They are both nationally representative household surveys, and include a broad range of individual and house", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cross-sectional household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " preparation and with the involvement of potentially displaced people, including: \n\n(a) The results of a  >>> census survey <<<  covering: \n\n(i) current occupants of the affected area to establish a basis for the design of the resettlement program and to exclude subsequent inflows of people from eligibility for compensation and resettlement assistance; \n\n(ii) standard characteristics of displaced househol", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "infrastructure will be affected **by** the Subproject. \n\nNecessary Mitigation Measures \n\nTherefore, no compensation or livelihood restoration measures in relation to privately owned business will be required. \n\nBased on  >>> inventory taken during the fieldwork <<<  for this study, the proposed power TL Subproject will have no impact on social service facilities, institutions and infrastructure facilities like community water tanker, local government office buildings, police station, etc. \n\nNecessary Mitigation Measures \n\nTherefore, no miti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory taken during the fieldwork", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " female refugees under 18 at 31/12/2016). \n\nFGM reported is generally practiced outside the camps. These incidents were mostly observed in the Iriba SubOffice, with a peak in March 2016. \n\nAlready, the 2010 MICS survey ( >>> Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey <<< ) showed that in Chad, 12.1% of children in the 0-14 years bracket had undergone FGM in one form or another. \n\nStill, the data collected by UNHCR and partners remain underestimated and underreported because of the socio-cultural taboos among the refugees, especially the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Valletta 2013; Rothstein 2011; Tatsiramos 2009; Van Ours and Vodopivec 2006). Using  >>> macro level panel data <<< , Pignatti and Van Belle (2018) showed that in developed countries, when coupled with sufficiently high spending on ALMP, higher public spending on PLMP can cut unemployment and boost employment rates. However, in developing countries, increased public spending on PLMP did not si", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "macro level panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dinated investments might help maximize the returns. Some regional trends are also worrying: both EAP and South Asia have seen a reduction in education spending as a share of GDP.\n\nTaking advantage of the newly-designed  >>> Human Capital Index <<<  (HCI), we go beyond existing analyses that look at the relationship between a single outcome sector-specific spending, and we assess whether a multidimensional measure of human capital is correlated with a multidimensional measure of spending. While this data curation effort was", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Human Capital Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "); i = 1, 2, 3 ........ 2202 households included in the survey; and Xij tj, and a;j are as defined in equation 2.\n\nThe application of equation 2 to household income as recorded in the  >>> 1992 survey <<<  yielded potential revenue amounting to Lev 4.1 million with an average income tax payment of Lev 1850 per capita, or a potential average income tax rate of 8.3 percent. This amount was substantially higher than the actual 1992 income tax payment of Lev 1.5 million, giving an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1992 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d lower climate shock intensities, suggesting that unreported events are likely to be smaller in scale. Second, we underscore the importance of establishing a counterfactual scenario without any shocks. Solely analyzing  >>> climate event datasets <<<  might not provide a complete picture of counterfactual fiscal resilience impacts. Therefore, treating all periods outside of reported events as zero allows us to approximate a counterfactual scenario devoid of shocks.\n\n# 3.3. Results\n\nNatural disaster shocks are associated with ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "climate event datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "shocks. Breitung and Candelon (2001) use a frequency domain common cycle test to analyze synchronization at different business cycle frequencies.\n\nWe use annual data from 1965 to 2002 for real GDP and trade figures, and  >>> monthly data <<<  on industrial production and economic activity from 1995 to 2002. GDP data is from IFS, data on industrial production are from Central Bank statistics. Trade data is from WITS and Direction of Trade Statistics.\n\nThe key variable in our study is the degree of business cycle synch", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monthly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "through multiple references for judgment (i.e., two indices).\n\nIn addition to building space for political deliberation, consultation, and professional judgment, the following design ideals were incorporated, based on a  >>> survey of international best practice <<< :\n\n- The strategic relevance of a project must be determined at the sector level as well as within the appropriate tier of government;\n\n9", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of international best practice", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mum wage. The primary goal is to evaluate the potential effects of increasing minimum wages and aligning them with living wages in Romania. The study explores the characteristics of minimum-wage workers using a detailed  >>> administrative tax dataset <<<  from the Romanian Ministry of Finance. Subsequently, it assesses the potential impacts of recent minimum wage increases using the same dataset. By applying labor demand elasticities estimated for other countries, the study simulates the effects of the minimum wage increase on wa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative tax dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 4_SW<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Wave 2_SW<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Wave 3_SW<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> GHS Wave 1-4 <<< .\n\nNote: Individuals with missing age were dropped from the analysis. Estimates are based on children aged 0-17.\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> Figure A.4: State Level Protected Water Deprivation by Region<br>a) b) c)<br>Protected Water Deprivation - by Protected Water Deprivati", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS Wave 1-4", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d violence in previously peaceful areas such as Central and Eastern Equatoria. The hostilities and unrest have led to massive displacement of people (both because of the fighting itself as well as fear of the violence).  >>> Available statistics <<<  indicate that over 2 million persons are now internally displaced including over 200,000 civilians who have sought protection in the United Nations (UN) Protection of Civilian (PoC) sites across the country. Further, an estimated 1.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Available statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>Joint venture with local<br>private firms<br>71%<br>Host government<br>contracts<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source: Shen and Zhai._ The average project size of Chinese investment is about US $4 million, based on  >>> available data from six host countries <<< . There is some notable diversity in project size among the participating host countries, which correlates largely with the different sectoral spreads in those countries. For instance, Nigeria, with a number of large capital-intensive projects in energy and infrastructural sector", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "available data from six host countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " drainages, water and sanitation, and street lighting are the main projects that will be undertaken within the Kisumu KISIP Program. \n\n###### **2.2 Current Status** \n\nThe County's average population density according to  >>> 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census <<<  stands at 554 per km<sup>2</sup> against the national average of 82 per km<sup>2</sup> (Government of Kisumu, Annual \n\n13", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " force surveys, which are available in the original micro datasets from the respective countries. Appendix Table 2 in the longer version of this paper explains how we define \"permanency\" in CFUWBES (Jordan and Georgia),  >>> LMPS <<<  (Jordan), LFS (Georgia), and CMMHHS (Jordan).\n\n9", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LMPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng a regression model inclusive of easily measurable household characteristics as independent variables. The estimated coefficients from the model are then used to predict consumption for FDPs using census data (usually  >>> FDPs registration data <<< ) that lack consumption but include the same household characteristics used with the baseline survey model. This method has been tested with refugees in Jordan and Chad (Dang and Verme, 2021, Beltramo et al., 2021) providing encouraging preliminary results. These works showed tha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "FDPs registration data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " depth of 40 cm from the Copernicus Global Land Service was used for soil moisture; and the NDVI for vegetation cover was from MODIS. The resulting catalogs were validated by comparing the synthetic time series with the  >>> historical data in Malawi <<< . The validation results show that the catalogs preserve the intrinsic properties in terms of spatial and temporal correlations, produce a realistic view of hazard, and are consistent with historical observations while allowing for the creation of new extremes.\n\nFor the purposes ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical data in Malawi", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ived from migrants (whether men or women, and if they had migrated for work) is also useful in understanding changes in rural men\u2019s and women\u2019s opportunities and income from ruralurban migration. Among the LSMS-ISA, the  >>> 2016-17 Malawi survey <<<  is the only one that asks about money sent back to the household from children aged 15 and older who have migrated (including the amount, frequency, mode of payment, and recipient within the household). Extending these questions to include parents who have migrated, across diffe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2016-17 Malawi survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (UNCTAD\u2019s) Bilateral FDI Statistics. Similar to the IMF\u2019s CPIS, the CDIS is a voluntary data collection exercise that assembles data on countries\u2019 direct investment positions. UNCTAD\u2019s Bilateral FDI Statistics provides  >>> FDI data <<<  collected primarily from national sources and supplemented with data from other international organizations and mirror data (from partner countries). We combine data from both databases because they cover different periods: the UNCTAD data span 2001\u201312, whereas the CDIS data cov", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "FDI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in the subproject influence corridor that suffer the consequence of land clearing for the implementation of the subproject. Therefore, no special mitigation measures or Biodiversity Management Plan will be required. \n\n-  >>> Ecological surveys <<<  conducted along the TL corridor and substation revealed that the subproject corridor is neither contiguous with, nor in close proximity with any of the nationally protected areas or any internationally designated biodiversity reserve area. \n\n- The TL crosses a narrow strip of pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Ecological surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|%|km|%|km|%|\n|Very good|705|7|39|0|6|1|750|4|\n|Good|1,512|15|298|4|90|12|1,900|10|\n|Fair|2,720|28|706|9|56|7|3,482|19|\n|Poor|4,857|50|6,670|86|612|80|12,141|66|\n|Total|9,793|100|7,713|100|764|100|18,273|100|\n\n_Source:_  >>> 2010 Zimbabwe Road Condition Survey <<< .\n\nBased on the physical configuration and condition of Zimbabwe\u2018s infrastructure network, it is possible to estimate the resources that would be needed to clear", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 Zimbabwe Road Condition Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> remote-sensed satellite imagery data <<< . Progress under this<br>indicator is tracked by computing, at the pixel-level (using a spatial resolution of 30mx30m), the change in<br>annual average LSWI from baseline, selecting pixels showing an improvement over the baseline after adjusting<br>for external factors (i.e. seas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "remote-sensed satellite imagery data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "osed to abuse perpetrated by employers or by recruitment agencies, and even if they manage to exit the abusive employer\u2019s house they are exposed to high risks of exploitation and abuse. \n\nThese data are supported by the  >>> GBVIMS <<<  reports on the 1 percent increase in the percentage of survivors from nationalities other than Syrian, Lebanese, and Palestinian seeking GBV services and reporting on the GBVIMS, in the second quarter of 2022", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBVIMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "included support groups, home\u2010based care, spiritual support, condom distribution, and provision of transport to clinics for PLHIV.\n\nAnother review of a subset of faith\u2010based organizations in a  >>> South African database <<<  (Birdsall 2005) found that the nature of services provided by FBOs depended on the setting. FBOs in rural areas were less involved in food programs but more involved in condom distribution than FBOs in urban areas, and a higher proportion of FBOs in urban areas reported involvem", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "South African database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f a perpetual inventory method that employs census and survey information on educational attainment as benchmark figure can be seen as a major advantage over previous methodologies. The benchmarks are taken from various  >>> national censuses and surveys <<< , see Table 3. Guatemalan statistics report distributional attainment stratified by age and sex in five cases: no formal education, first cycle of primary, second cycle of primary, first cycle of secondary, second cycle of primary and tertiary education. The data has been summari", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national censuses and surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or to the bulk of typhoon events and thus likely to be higher than the consumption expenditures collected in January next year.\n\nWe are fortunate to have access to the semester data behind each publicly available annual  >>> FIES survey <<< . This offers a number of advantages: (i) it allows closer and better matching of the timing of a typhoon and the date of measurement of consumption and thus an investigation of the short-term impacts of typhoons occurring during the six month interval prior to the collection of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "FIES survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "under the VG component), we included a question in our  >>> census of 100 study villages <<<  that asks whether an individual had \u201cever heard of TASAF.\u201d We suggest that this variable provides a similar gateway that is necessary, but not sufficient, for an individual to be a program beneficiary: while many people who have heard of the program do not benefit, an individual", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of 100 study villages", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s for Bulgaria are collected by the State Agency for Refugees. Observations on data and trends that isn\u2019t typically compiled by government institutions are collected by the Bulgarian Helsinki Committee. \n\n8. Estimate on  >>> data provided by the Immigration Police <<<  and the Ministry for Home Affairs, National Security and Law Enforcement (MHAS), Malta. UASC figures are based on age declared by the refugees and migrants upon arrival. Not all the persons who make such a declaration are recognised to be UASC by the authorities after the age as", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data provided by the Immigration Police", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vity regressors include GDPs in constant 1995 dollars, taken from the World Bank\u2019s World Development Indicators; \u201cgreat-circle\u201d distances between the main industrial agglomerations of countries in the sample, taken from  >>> CEPII <<< ,<sup>9</sup> and dummy variables for common land borders, common official languages, and formal colonial ties.\n\nThe \u201ctreatment variable\u201d is equal to one when an inspection program is in force in the importing country _j_ of a pair ( _i,j_ ) at time _t_ . It covers programs run b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CEPII", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g questions on normative monthly food purchases would be a useful supplement to the monthly recall estimate for those households that do not purchase an item during all months of the year.\n\nThree puzzles emerge from the  >>> household survey data <<<  that merit special consideration in future household surveys in CMte d'Ivoire. First, what accounts for the huge increase in poverty at various points in time in the West Forest ? Are there special sampling problems in the West Forest? Or special difficulties in estimating the v", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n.d.).\n\nFor outcomes measures, we use per-capita household non-agricultural income and consumption from EMOP and then calculate commune-level poverty measures and the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality from the  >>> consumption data <<< . One important caveat on the EMOP income data is that it captures non-agricultural household income rather than total household income. The EMOP questionnaires are structured in a way that is more suitable to collect data on income with stable flows. We believe that this likely ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|||||||\n|6|Community Development Groupse.g.Waterand<br>Sanitation)|||||||\n|7|Others (specify)|||||||\n|||76|25|200|75|**303**|**100**|\n\n\n\n##### **3.5.4 Education** \n\nAccording to  >>> field surveys <<< . a total of 16 (Sixteen) primary schools, 1(One) and 3 (three) secondary schools and 1 Tertiary Institution were observed within the project area. The primary schools seem to be fairly and equally distributed across the project area. This was attributed to the Government's effor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "field surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es: Uganda PRSC_ \n\n# **V. Issues and Lessons** \n\n# **_Critical Issues_** \n\nDespite the efforts taken by the GOU to improve access to health services, the health status of the Ugandan population continues to be poor. The  >>> Demographic Survey <<<  (HDS) 2000\u20132001 indicated high infant and maternal mortality rates. An increase in contraceptive prevalence has not abated the fertility rates. As a result, population growth remains high, as much as 2.5 percent per annum, posing a potential threat to poverty reduction efforts. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ject-affected community\u2019s cultural livelihood. \n\nTherefore, no compensation will be required. \n\n##### **7.11 Impacts on Burial Sites** \n\nThe proposed Subproject will have no impact on burial sites. However, based on the  >>> ground survey <<<  the proposed TL cross over burial site and will affect eucalyptus and indigenous trees that are located within the boundary. \n\nTherefore, no compensation will be required. \n\n\n\n\n\nPage 92", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ground survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "countries. In 24 countries in the  >>> HIT data set <<<  tariff protection is pro-rich (and liberalization, pro-poor).\n\nOne simple way to assess how much we can gain by exploiting the heterogeneity in the household surveys is to compute the gains from trade using aggregate price changes and aggregate income and budget shares. To do th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HIT data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "us here to manufacturing establishments (the 2003 sample consisted exclusively of manufacturing establishments). The 2010 manufacturing subset of the survey is comprised of 330 establishments.\n\nSummary statistics of the  >>> 2010 manufacturing data <<< , and the comparable 2003 data, are presented in the second through fourth columns of Table 3. The second column presents means based on all available manufacturing establishments included in the 2010 sample. There are stark differences between these 330 establishments and the 40", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 manufacturing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table 9. Asylum applications and refugee status determination by origin and country/territory of asylum, 2006 Source:  >>> 2006 ASR <<< . Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.** **<u>N.B. The origin is included if the total number of applications submitted during 2006 was 100 or more.</u> Values between 1 and 4 have been replaced with an asterisk (*). See Table 7 regarding reporti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 ASR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*_<mark>.</mark>_** \n\nThe  >>> socioeconomic survey <<<  reveals variations in average annual income across the subproject Woredas. Lode Hetosa Woreda has the highest average annual income, at ETB 219,717 per household, while Hetosa Woreda has the lowest, at ETB 167,194 per household. \n\n\n\nFigure 6.12: Proportions of HH Income from All", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lti-country approach to understand the seventh criteria for durable solutions in a context of forced displacement: the potential for social and political participation of those forcibly displaced. We collect and analyze  >>> survey data <<<  in three situations of internal displacement to examine the conditions under which IDPs become socially or politically empowered by examine factors associated with such engagement, in particular with regards to displacement settings, timing, and broader context.\n\nWe find that, p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nted here are consistent with the official figures published in the Preliminary Report on Household Income and Expenditure Survey 2016, page xiii (BBS 2016).\n\nTable 2 summarizes the number of providers (as listed in the  >>> IBNET dataset <<< ) whose service areas are also covered in the household surveys, the average cost-reflective tariffs, and imputed unit prices (conditional on the reporting of positive expenditure on water). (More information about IBNET data for each country can be found in the appendix.) Most c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IBNET dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1979-2022. The daily data is available from 1990-2021. The data is processed to measure annual precipitation totals within each sub-national administrative level 2 (ADM2) unit that contains at least one firm in the  >>> ES data <<< . Annual shocks are defined as instances when the annual precipitation within an ADM2 unit is at least one standard deviation above or below that unit\u2019s long-run average (1990-2021). About 3.8 percent of the sample faced a negative precipitation shock while 19.1 percent of the sa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ES data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "odes to 4-digit ISCO codes.\n\nOther studies have developed a methodology using text analysis of occupational tasks data to identify green jobs. Janser (2018) applied text analysis to a German occupational tasks database ( >>> BERUFENET <<< ) to identify green jobs in Germany. Granata and Posadas (2024) applied this method to ISCO occupational descriptions to profile green jobs in Indonesia.\n\nGiven that currently there is no occupational tasks database for South Africa, and the limitations of the O*NET GEP, we follo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BERUFENET", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">d in PSNP woredas.<br>children regardless<br>tor which is only|\n|Females who own and operate|46.00<br>Oct/2020|46<br>28-Jun-2024|50.00|Jun/2025|\n|electronic accounts (Percentage)|Comments on achieving  targets|Based on  >>> CBE data Q3 EFY 2016 <<< |||\n||0.00<br>May/2020|97<br>28-Jun-2024|100.00|Jun/2025|\n|Increase in average wage rate relative<br>to the annual general CPI increase, for<br>cash transfers beneficiaries<br>(Percentage)|Comments on achieving  targets|This indicator measures whether PSNP<br>adjusted for general", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CBE data Q3 EFY 2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "risk regimes to lower the risk of civil war._\n\n# **3. Data and research design**\n\nWe use two alternative definitions for civil war onset, based on widely used measures in the literature: Fearon and Laitin (2003) and the  >>> Prio/Uppsala data <<<  (Gleditsch et al. 2002) for years 1946-2003. The Fearon and Laitin definition captures the onset of large scale civil wars, coded using a threshold of 1000 battle deaths over the course of conflict with a yearly average of at least 100 deaths. This data is updated to 2003 using ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Prio/Uppsala data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup> The surveys were conducted in a uniform way across countries, using stratified random samples. The sampling frames were stratified across location within each country, sub-sector, and size.<sup>14</sup> When recent  >>> census data <<<  were available, the random samples was constructed using census data. If recent census data were not available, the lists were constructed using lists of enterprises from government agencies (e.g., from the National Bureau of Statistics in Tanzania). As a result, the surveys ult", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**4.4   Food Sources** \n\n**Summary of assessment findings:** The  >>> available data <<<  identified several different food sources for Syrian refugees.  However, much of the data is now outdated due to the rollout of targeted assistance in October 2013, which led to the withdrawal of food assistance for around 35% of the population.  Food sources for Syrian refugees", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "available data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ter|Y|Y|Y|\n|Foreign owned|Y|Y|Y|\n\nNote: *** p _<_ 0.01, ** p _<_ 0.05, * p _<_ 0.1. Average wage information for each establishment is obtained from the 2017 _Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Anual de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais_ (RAIS) merged with the  >>> Firm-level Adoption of Technology (FAT) data <<<  used in this exercise, including sales per worker, the technology adoption index ( _MOSTj_ ) for GBF and SSBF, and firm characteristics used as controls. Regressions estimated using establishment-level sampling weights. Robust standard errors in parenthesis.\n\nfirms in RAIS that ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Firm-level Adoption of Technology (FAT) data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# (b) <u>Descriptive statistics</u>\n\nIn **Table 3** we report school characteristics by geographical sample. The information corresponds to the 2014 School Census (Panel A to D) and  >>> ECE 2015 <<<  (Panel E). Differences between both samples ( _metropolitan_ versus _regional_ ) are substantial. Schools in the _metropolitan_ sample are larger \u2013with more classrooms, and more students per classroom\u2013 more likely to have an afternoon shift, and in most cases have better physica", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ECE 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "anced, there was also significant leakage and elite capture . The ICR reports that the 2004-2007 wealth impact cited above was statistically significant only for those farmers whose dwellings had a \u201cprimitive roof\u201d. The  >>> beneficiary survey <<<  (ICR, p. 52) indicated that the program had scored its highest success rate in terms of raising income of the poorest group surveyed; however, the second best success", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "beneficiary survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al Committee (the **IOC** World Bird Names, version 10.2) unless otherwise specified (see www.worldbirdnames.org; Gill et al., 2020). \n\n- The conservation status of bird species was categorized according to the **lUCN**  >>> Red List of threatened species <<<  **(IUCN,** 2021, _v._ **3.1),** while their biogeographic affinities were obtained from **EWNHS** (2001) and Ash and Atkins **(2009).** \n\n**b)** Field observation \n\nDescription of field observation sites \n\nThe Subproject area starts at the new Asela Wind Farm Substation, near It", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Red List of threatened species", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he physical structure of their houses, the number of rooms and occupants, their access to running water, and other factors affecting their living conditions (Velarde, 2018). The program has one of the most comprehensive  >>> poverty targeting databases <<<  in the world today, covering 75% of the country\u2019s population. It has been used extensively to identify poor and near-poor beneficiaries for national and local government programs.\n\nThe rationale of scalable social protection programs is to expand coverage in the event of a disas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "poverty targeting databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "3.2 Measuring Product Market Regulation**\n\nBringing the insights of the model in Section 2 to the data requires identifying a suitable measure of entry costs and an exogenous source of variation. To that end, we collect  >>> granular data on investment restrictions <<<  across Indonesian product-markets and exploit two consecutive Indonesian Presidential Decrees\u2014 _Daftar Negatif Investasi_ , or Negative Investment List (NIL).\n\nThe concept of a NIL was introduced in Indonesia in 2000 through the Presidential Decree 96/2000, which aimed to create", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "granular data on investment restrictions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "garding the reasonable path of human capital per worker going forward. The PWT 8.1 reports the index based on the Barro\u2010Lee method that takes into account both the years of schooling as well as returns on education. The  >>> PWT 8.1 data <<<  is available for the period 1990 \u2013 2010. After reaching a peak during the second half of 1990s, the growth of human capital index has been on a downward trend. The average growth rate stood just below 1.4 percent during the period 2006 \u2013 2010. It seems likely that the growth rat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PWT 8.1 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "child attrition is around 10% at both midline and endline, and mostly due to seasonal migration.\n\n**3.2.3 Quality of CPS and other preschools**\n\nWe construct measures of preschool quality based on data from two sources,  >>> classroom observations <<<  and parent reports.\n\n# **_Preschool Quality Measures_**\n\nWe use the teacher survey and classroom observation tools to assess how new CPS compare to SPS and IPS in terms of structural and process quality. We compare the different preschools in three dimensions of structural quali", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "classroom observations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-up adoption of renewable energy technology, such as solar home systems, to expand electricity access in developing countries can accelerate the transition to low-carbon economic development. Using a purposely collected  >>> national household survey <<< , this study quantifies the carbon and distributional benefits of solar home system programs in Bangladesh. Three key findings are generated from the study. First, dissemination of solar home systems brings about significant carbon benefits: the total carbon emissions avoided fro", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ey variables which are likely to be time invariant. We find only 3 out of 22 coefficients significant at the 10 percent level, and 1 at the 5 percent level, which is again consistent with random chance.\n\nThe presence of  >>> administrative data <<<  (detailed below) allows us to test further whether there is differential attrition in the follow-up survey by the key outcome of interest: whether or not a firm has formalized during our intervention window. We estimate the following regression for firms in the baseline survey a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ced school fees in 2009 (Propositions 1 and 3), but would decrease during the economic crisis in this same year (Corollary 3.3). Which effect would dominate child migration? Estimation results using the 2009 wave of the  >>> RUMiC survey <<<  show that the non-IV estimates (Table 7, row 1) are negative, and are between 60 percent and twice larger in absolute magnitude than those for 2008 (bottom of Table", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RUMiC survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "In 1980s, when the civil war had already taken genocide proportions, the labor force dropped dramatically by about 660,000.<sup>15</sup> For recent years, the estimate for the economically active population derived from  >>> IGSS statistics <<<  comes close to INE data.\n\n# **4.3 Physical Capital Stock**\n\nInternationally, the Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM) is a common way to estimate capital stock, but there are uncertainties associated with the calculation. In general, due to the lack of information about the initial ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IGSS statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "larger amount. Thus, despite the often cited downward rigidity of wages, our sample includes large numbers of workers whose _real_ wages declined dramatically.\n\n# _II.5. Results_\n\nAs described before, we have individual  >>> income data <<<  for the time period 1987-1998 covering 21 different manufacturing sectors in Mexico. Using the methodology outlined above, we estimate the risk parameters _\u03c3\u03b5_<sup>2and</sup><sup>_\u03c3_</sup> _\u03b7_<sup>2foreachquarterandeachmanufacturingsector.In</sup> Tables II and III we provide th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of its scenic vistas and vast biodiversity, but also because of its rich cultural heritage. In addition to attracting thousands of business travelers, it is a growing center of coastal, cultural, health, and ecotourism.  >>> Surveys of foreign tourists <<<  reveal that business and shopping are still the main purposes of the trip for about a quarter to a third of all visitors; recreation is the main purpose for over a third of all visitors, and family visits for around 20 percent. Among activities, shopping, entertainment and busin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Surveys of foreign tourists", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "SA study reported relatively high VCRs when compared to available studies. Because the calculations are very sensitive to the VCR, the ICR team preferred to keep assumptions conservative and calculate mean VCRs from the  >>> SO-2000 dataset <<< . Since VCRs based on SG-~OOO fertilizer response data were more consistent with other studies, these VCRs were used in the baseline scenario and VCRs from DSAstudy were used in optimistic scenario. \n\n44. The key findings of the analysis indicate significantly positive results fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SO-2000 dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ps are protected. This type of question can be addressed through case studies involving cost-benefit analysis and distributional impacts. The main core indicators with reference to the components of our reform model are  >>> price and consumption data <<<  for income groups (Table IX), changes in access and quality of service (Table V), regulatory framework (Table IV), and where possible environmental impacts of reforms (Table X).\n\n# **5.3 Electricity sectors indicators**\n\n# **I. Sector endowments and characteristics**\n\n|**Focus a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "price and consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " suite \u00e0 la suspension des financements en d\u00e9but d\u2019ann\u00e9e 2025. La majorit\u00e9 des 65 structures ayant cess\u00e9 leurs activit\u00e9s \u00e9taient engag\u00e9es dans la prise en charge, la pr\u00e9vention et surtout la documentation des cas via le  >>> GBVIMS <<< . Cela signifie que les donn\u00e9es disponibles sous-estiment consid\u00e9rablement l\u2019ampleur r\u00e9elle des violences, particuli\u00e8rement dans les zones dans lesquelles l\u2019acc\u00e8s humanitaire ainsi que la disponibilit\u00e9 des services sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s VBG sont compromis. \n\nEntre octobre et d\u00e9cembre 2024,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBVIMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rth rate of private schools in the recent period is higher in rural areas. These changes in the patterns of growth in private schools are also reflected in changes in the patterns of participation growth among students.  >>> Data from 2004/05 <<<  show that 18.7% of children ages 6\u201315 years were enrolled in private schools in Punjab, a 36% increase from 1998/99, with this increase largely attributable to private school participation increases among children from rural and poor households. The demand for private schooling ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data from 2004/05", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|RO1 (North)|111.38%|92.07%|93.91%|91.52%|\n|RO2 (East)|96.84%|95.00%|96.80%|111.93%|\n|RO3 (South)|105.33%|101.04%|103.25%|109.95%|\n|RO4 (West)|127.60%|97.92%|98.90%|110.19%|\n\n_Source: Own estimation based on the imputed  >>> EU-SILC data <<< ._\n\n**Our results show that tax compliance is highest among workers younger than 30 and older than 60, possibly due to the selection bias where people with better jobs tend to stay longer in the labor market** . The research also reveals that tax compliance varies across regions,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EU-SILC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " economic well-being of the affected households is considered and addressed throughout the implementation of the Subproject. \n\n###### **6.3.1 Household Annual Income** \n\nThe results of the  >>> ESIA survey <<<  reveal that the total income earned by all surveyed households in the 12 months preceding the assessment amounts to ETB 52,341,996. This translates to an average annual income of ETB 193,859 per household, which is approximately 4 USD per day. \n\nThis average household income is ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ESIA survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re positively correlated with incomes in adulthood. The analysis also suggests that countries follow a dissimilar path to increase access to education and basic services. The paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of  >>> historic census records <<<  to add granularity to the assessment of the development of countries, matched with detailed individual-level information from household surveys of several countries in the region. The paper widens an ongoing area of research on the long-run relationship between access to opportu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historic census records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|Amuru|Atiak|Atiak|3,687|\n|Amuru|Lamogi|Awer|3,687|\n|Amuru|Lamogi|Parabonao|2,417|\n|Amuru|Pabbo|Pabbo|11,682|\n\n\n\nSource: UBOS,  >>> Uganda National Household Survey <<<  _200512006_ AppendiX 11 (B), p. 164 \n\nIt should be noted from Table 3.1 above that each camp was occupied by a large number of households, such as 9,217 households at Amuru camp. Allowing 7 children and two parents for each household, it would appear that Amuru camp was occupied", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "en using different survey modes, further research is required to understand differences in the quality of data or response rate by gender. For example, Lamanna et al. (2019) find that the use of mobile phones to collect  >>> nutrition data <<<  from rural women in Africa may result in differences of between 0 and 25 percent in nutrition estimates, relative to collecting this information in face-to-face interviews.\n\n18", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nutrition data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s to isolate the relevant investment type for our analysis: loans and deposits. That is, we strip out bank holdings of debt and equity to avoid double counting them with the portfolio investment already contained in the  >>> Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey <<<  (CPIS) (which includes banks\u2019 holdings of securities). This ensures that our data sets on loans and deposits and portfolio investment are mutually exclusive, in principle.\n\n31", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Coordinated Portfolio Investment Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "les are available for Kenya as a whole rather than Nairobi specifically, much less for the specific municipalities in which the project interventions took place. Additionally, such data is outdated, with the most recent  >>> data on number of motor vehicles in Kenya <<<  reported as 23.85 in 2010.<sup>6</sup> While such data can be used as a benchmark for estimates in the analysis, using this approach across multiple benefits adds many additional layers of assumptions that are increasingly difficult to validate. \n\n3. **The total ERR across these", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on number of motor vehicles in Kenya", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n (6) shows that there is no significant link between the basis of managers\u2019 performance bonuses and labor productivity. The absence of a link between bonuses and performance is surprising, as previous analyses based on  >>> Chinese data <<<  by Kato and Long (2006), Lin, Shen, and Su (2011), and Feng, and Johansson (2017) all found a positive and significant relationship between executive pay and firm performance.\n\nTable 6: Determinants of labor productivity\n\n|**Y = Log (salesper worker)**|||||||\n|---|---|---|---|--", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Chinese data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** Northern Uganda Business Support Program (P147258) \n\n\n\nmotor vehicle mechanics, milling, arts and crafts. All the  >>> enterprise data <<<  used for estimating the rates of return are from the Northern Uganda. \n\nLivelihood Portfolio: With comprehensive institutional and capacity development at all levels, almost all SHGs were involved in a business enterprise. 34 percent increase (from 3 percent to 37 percent) in ho", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "enterprise data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ral tariff structures<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>domestic commercial industrial<br>type of effective tariff structure<br>increasing neutral decreasing<br>number of countries<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_  >>> Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Power Tariff Database 19 <<< ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Power Tariff Database 19", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er plants (mainly coal) is their limited flexibility (i.e., they provide baseload generation).\n\nThe third set of results quantifies the number of lives lost building on our estimates of drought-induced excess PM2 _._ 5,  >>> demographic data <<<  on the population exposed, and well-established concentration-response functions from the literature that documents the adverse health effects of PM2 _._ 5 (e.g., Deryugina et al. (2019); Liu et al. (2019)). Our preferred counterfactual calculation shows that the region experien", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demographic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o is sometimes characterized as a country of origin, transit and destination for refugees and migrants, but prior to the 2010 earthquake, Haitians had largely used Mexico as a transit point.</mark><sup>221</sup> <mark>A  >>> census conducted between 2009 and 2010 <<< , for the period up until the end of 2009, indicated 733 Haitian residents in Mexico.</mark><sup>222</sup> <mark>Of this number, 126 were refugees, a figure that represented 26 per cent of total refugees (490) in Mexico at the time, and the highest of any nationality.</mark><sup>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census conducted between 2009 and 2010", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stimation (ITPDE, Release 2) put together by Borchert et al. (2020) for our baseline results for three reasons: first, to estimate Equation 4 theory-consistent and to be able to include trends for globalization, we need  >>> data on international and domestic trade flows <<<  (Yotov 2021", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on international and domestic trade flows", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of Africa.<sup>1</sup> Yet, cross-border traders face demands for bribes which pose a threat to their small-scale trading businesses in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which is ranked 161st out of 180 countries in the  >>> Corruption Perceptions Index <<<  of 2018 according to Transparency International and well-known as a fragile and war-affected zone, particularly in its eastern provinces.<sup>2</sup> Similarly, the World Bank\u2019s Doing Business rankings place DRC 188th out of 190 countries in terms of the time and cost to trade a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Corruption Perceptions Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "urities|69.0|70.7|82.0|80.3|86.3|86.7|\n|Public sector outstanding securities|||||||\n|As percent of GNP|12.2|13.5|15.4|15.3|18.6|20.6|\n|As percent of M2Y|42.7|56.8|50.5|_50.5_|53.8|59.3|\n\nSource: own calculation based on  >>> data from Capital Markets Board and Treasury <<< .", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from Capital Markets Board and Treasury", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "009 baseline of 26 percent. According to the ICR (p. 17), between 2014 and 2017 NSNP payments were mostly made on time, and in 2017 the government achieved a DLI under the PforR related to timeliness of payments. A 2017  >>> Program Implementation and Beneficiary Satisfaction (PIBS) survey <<<  confirmed that 77 percent of NSNP beneficiaries reported that they received payments on time. However, in 2018, the NSNP experienced payment delays due to the introduction of an Older Person Cash Transfer, which was given priority by the government, and the rollout of a new paym", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Program Implementation and Beneficiary Satisfaction (PIBS) survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hat close friends typically reside nearby. In addition, we use the GPS location of households to estimate spillovers beyond the (arbitrary) boundaries of the treatment clusters and find even larger effects.\n\nWe also use  >>> administrative data from all polling stations <<<  that served the study villages and find that for every 10 treated women, (roughly 4 households), female turnout increases by about 9 additional votes. Once we take this externality into account, the cost of the intervention drops from US $16.7 to about US $2.2 per additional vot", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data from all polling stations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hrough biodiversity assessments in protected areas (i.e., Shimba Hills Ecosystem, Kisite-Mpunguti Marine Park and Reserve and its environments) and outside protected areas (i.e., Lamu, Lake Kenyatta, Lake Jipe (Taita)),  >>> geo-referenced biodiversity data <<<  has been generated, and subsequently used to develop a coastal biodiversity information system to support the management of marine and coastal resources. The data was collected annually. \n\n**Comments (achievements against targets):** Target achieved (133%): Four management plans", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "geo-referenced biodiversity data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "8|8.9|5|6|**1.8**|1.6|2.5|8.9|5|6.4|\n|% of firms owning/sharing generator|11.6|39.8|6.5|26.6|**23.8**|28.6|24.8|85.7|55.4|43.1|\n|Electricity from generator (%)|10.9|4.6|15.1|29.5|**16**|9.2|10.5|60.9|24.7|30.6|\n\nSource:  >>> Enterprise Survey database <<<  available online at http://www.enterprisesurveys.org, year of the survey in brackets.\n\nMali successfully introduced a rural electrification program in 2003 with the creation of AMADER<sup>2</sup> . At the time, rural electrification was only about 3 percent of the population, an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Survey database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " leveraging on the extensive set of variables available in the Nigeria General Household Survey (GHS)-Panel 2018/19. Additionally, this study uses the publicly available phone survey weights, calculated by adjusting the  >>> GHS-Panel <<<  2018/19 household weights to reflect the selection and interviewing process and calibrated according to the characteristics of the weighted sample included in the GHS-Panel 2018/19.\n\nThis study mainly relies on the information included in Round 6 of the COVID-19 NLPS. This surve", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS-Panel", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n of community sources\u2014including neighbors, public taps, and public wells.\n\n> 7    Our consumption survey module focused on major items and not all the micro details covered in the HIES. We made three adjustments to our  >>> consumption data <<< \u2014calibrated our food expenditure, imputed our housing expenditure and adjusted our \u2018other expenditure\u2019 category\u2014allowing us to define poverty in a manner that was comparable to the Sri Lankan government\u2019s official statistics.\n\n12", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rable information on routes and mobility collected through IMPACT (of which REACH is an initiative) with Altai Consulting in late 2016 and early 2017 in Libya.<sup>24</sup> All information was triangulated with existing  >>> secondary data <<< . \n\n- As this assessment employed qualitative research methods, results are indicative only and cannot be generalized for the entire population of refugees and migrants in Libya. Particularly nationalities who are more likely to transit through Libya in organized smuggling networ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "secondary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "c). \n\n##### Refugee sites have had varied success in meeting education needs \n\nSince the mid-2000s, education for refugee children has progressed in some countries but stagnated in others, as is shown by new analysis of  >>> data from nine refugee sites <<<  (Figure 3). A range of factors contribute to this wide divergence in access to education and education quality, including differences in refugees\u2019 rights to education and certification according to national legislation, the difficulty in dealing with large influxes of displaced ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from nine refugee sites", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Figure 35: State Level Water Deprivation Shelter Deprivation - by State -  >>> MICS <<<  80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: Authors\u2019 estimates based on MICS 2016/17 Note: Individuals with missing age were dropped from the analysis. Estimates are for children aged 0- 17.\n\nFigure 36: State Level Shelter Deprivation a) b) <!-- Start of picture text --> a) b) c)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MICS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eminated in the project area and at national level on a monthly basis, reduced their average response time to drought-related emergencies from 7.6 weeks in the year 2000 to 3.5 weeks in 2009. \u201cThe analysis is based on a  >>> survey by ILRI <<<  of [District Steering Group] members in 10 study districts to find mean response times for users and non-users. The", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey by ILRI", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ution. \n\n- The ICR reports (pg. 20) that, to address these issues, two further analyses were undertaken . First, an Impact Evaluation carried out in 2009 by the International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) analyzed  >>> data from 10 randomly selected project districts <<<  and from one reference district not benefiting from the project for the period from 2004/2005 to 2008/2009. The 2004/2005 baseline data were taken from a statistical survey performed for the project by Kenya\u2019s Central Bureau of Statistics in 21 ASAL districts covering 4,000 rand", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from 10 randomly selected project districts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d (3), primarily from Italy and Malta. Additionally, 67 unaccompanied children were transferred to the United Kingdom within the framework of the DUBS project, mainly from France (33), Greece (20) and Italy (14). \n\n\n\n##  >>> Returns from Greece to Turkey <<<  \n\nOf all returnees (1,885) from Greece to Turkey under the EUTurkey Statement between 2016 and June 2019, only 5% (93) were children. All of whom were returned with their families. \n\n_Source:_ _<u>Returns from Greece to Turkey</u>_ \n\n## Assisted with Voluntary Return and Reinteg", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Returns from Greece to Turkey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "017 PPP$. We have triangulated this information against both the countries average household GDP in 2017 PPP$ and the average total household welfare also in 2017 PPP$, these indicators were constructed from the WDI and  >>> GMD <<< , respectively. We used the average household size in the latest household survey available in the GMD. Once this further adjustment was done, it was clear that for most countries (100) the ILO earnings data seemed plausible; in 35 countries we replaced the ILO earnings value by ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GMD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "onomy.\n\nUnfortunately, data on services performance in Indonesia are scarce. For this reason, here we use a perception based indicator of services performance. To construct them, we combined data on perceptions from the  >>> World Bank Enterprise Survey <<<  and on input-output data from BPS, and proceeded in the following steps:\n\n1. We looked at firms\u2019 responses to questions on whether electricity, transport or communications were \u2018no obstacle\u2019 to doing business, a minor obstacle, a moderate obstacle, a major obstacle or a very sev", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> Gallup World Poll 2020 <<< .<sup>17</sup> Overall, the correlation with our data is strong, assuring us that, at least in this vein, our sample is not unrepresentative. The WVS and Gallup World Poll have a lower coverage globally and include fewer countries in Sub-Saharan Africa than the Gender Equality at", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gallup World Poll 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pulation % population<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ AICD water supply and sanitation database (www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/tools/data). _Note:_ Access figures calculated by the AICD using data from the  >>> 2005 Demographic and Health Survey <<< .\n\nWater utility performance", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2005 Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s career interests; and migration intentions. The study draws on a robust dataset comprising 2,725 youth respondents aged 15\u201325 years, collected through high-frequency phone surveys conducted as part of the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Living Standards Measurement Study <<< . Exploring the aspirations of youths in Sub-Saharan Africa is crucial, particularly given that by 2050, half of the region\u2019s population is expected to be younger than 25 years. The findings highlight significant gender and age disparities across youths, with female youths aged 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Living Standards Measurement Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". The only exception to this is  >>> data on optimism <<< , which were collected at both outreach and endline. This allowed us to test whether or not the intake decision had effects, even before the training began. Endline data were collected between July 2018 and November 2019 and repeated the combined outreach and baseline surveys and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on optimism", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l, restaurant, and transportation;_ and _Wholesale, retail, and other services_ .\n\n_Table 5-12 Georgia: Percentage of Permanent Formal Private Sector Jobs Lost by Sector, Model Predicted and Survey Measured Projections,  >>> CFUWBES2 <<<  (Winter 2020)_\n\n||Econometric Model<br>Projections|Survey<br>Measured|No. Of<br>observations|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|1. Chemicals|6.2|-0.2|10|\n|2. Food, drink, and tobacco|-2.3|6.9|107|\n|3. Garments|22.4|44.3|8|\n|4. Hotel, restaurants, and transportation|17.7|21.7|110|\n|5. Machinery", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CFUWBES2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "self-employment or household-enterprise work.\n\nTo further explore the \u201cshadow of violence\u201d mechanism, we investigate heterogeneity across both time and space by exploiting the spike in violence just before the 2018-2019  >>> GHS survey <<<  rounds and within Nigerian states implementing open-grazing bans, which have been attributed as a contributor to increased violence in the conflict. We find that the shift toward informal work and away from agricultural work is larger within ban states and during the 2018-2019 s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ated with FDI flows, suggesting that deeper trade agreements that cover more provisions have a stronger effect on FDI flows.\n\nWe also separately examine FDI flows from OECD source countries using a longer time series of  >>> OECD FDI statistics <<< . The results on transportation costs shown in Table 11 are qualitatively similar to Table 9. The elasticities of FDI with respect to air distance, driving distance, and driving time are found to be all around -1 for OECD source countries. The elasticity of FDI with respect to se", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD FDI statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " could be used as a means of promoting industrial development, although the effectiveness of electrification will depend on the presence of other development constraints, such as lack of transport infrastructure.\n\nUsing  >>> panel data of rural Ethiopian villages <<< , Fried and Lagakos (2021) show that rural electrification not only facilitates structural change but also alters migration patterns by slowing out-migration from rural villages. Non-electrified villages are 2.3 percent less likely to receive migrants, while electrified villages ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel data of rural Ethiopian villages", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "To capture the political view of property rights, we use variables from the Polity IV dataset, averaged over the period 1995-99 and Beck et al. (1999)\u2019s  >>> Database of Political Institutions <<<  (DPI). The variables, **Democracy** and **Autocracy** , scored from 0-10 (0 = low; 10 = high) reflect the general openness (closed-ness) of the political institutions in the country respectively and are from the Polity IV Dataset<sup>28</sup> . **Checks** from DPI, measures the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Database of Political Institutions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "our results, as previously discussed, we create a proxy for this effect. For each HS-8-digit product, we calculated the share of the top 5 exporters in total exports to the EU in 1994 and 1989\u2014the earliest year when the  >>> 8-digit hs data <<<  is reported. If a decrease in this share in a given product re fl ects a longer term decrease over the period between 1978 and 1994, then we can use it as a proxy. The model hence predicts a negative coefficient on this variable: products where the share increases have bigger de", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "8-digit hs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lity has also seen substantial improvement, rising from a mere 5 percent in 2005 to 48 percent in 2019.   However, Ethiopia still has a long way to go in achieving its target of universal health coverage (UHC), with the  >>> UHC service coverage index <<<  at 38 percent in 2019. \n\n3. **Ethiopia faces multiple crises affecting its economy and the health sector.** The conflicts in the northern and other parts of the country have had devastating consequences on the provision of vital health services, resulting in loss of lives, displ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UHC service coverage index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " from 64 percent in the MICS survey to 16 percent in the Priority Survey one year later. In Senegal, the Demographic Health Survey (DHS 2005) reports 35.2 percent of children as engaged in an economic activity while the  >>> Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour <<<  (SIMPOC 2005) survey of the same year reports 22.3 percent of children as working.\n\nDespite the increasing sources of information on child labor over the past decade, there is not much evidence on the validity of data collection methods (Edmonds 2008). Child labor could be affec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pproximated using commercial bills and related rates (US Treasury bill rates data start in 1919, and for the UK in 1900; see Appendix A). For stocks, we use a spliced total return index for the UK (FTSE) and for the US ( >>> S&P index <<< ), both from 1815 onward. To measure total returns on US corporate bonds, we use the S&P AAA Corporate Bond Price Index, which is available over 1900\u2013 84 and combine this with the Bank of America US Corporate AAA Bond Index from 1985 onward. More details on the data sources are s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "S&P index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "k place in the aftermath of the deep recession of the early 1990s. The lower turnover rate in the French service sector compared with that in manufacturing is likely to depend on the existence of a size threshold in the  >>> French data <<< , which tends to be more binding in the service sector than in manufacturing. As an indication, the French data also suggest a higher average size of firms in the service sector than in manufacturing, in contrast with all other countries.\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "French data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "esis, while providing little support for the learning by exporting hypothesis.  Bernard and Jensen (1999) and Liu _et al._ (1999) find similar results for the United States and Taiwan, China.  Aw _et al_ . (2000), using  >>> data from the 1980s and early 1990s <<< , find some evidence to support the learning-byexporting hypothesis for some industries in Taiwan, China but no evidence to support it for Korea. Other studies, however, do find evidence consistent with learning by exporting.  Kraay (1999) and Fajnzylber (2004) finds evidence or ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the 1980s and early 1990s", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of households across the country. It classifies food items into different groups based on their primary purpose and intended use, such as staple foods, beverages, dairy products, meats, and processed foods. Notably, the  >>> POF dataset <<<  offers extensive disaggregated data on a wide array of products, including over 8,000 food items, facilitating our identification of food groups based on the NOVA classification. In addition, this survey collects information on various aspects of household living standards, incl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "POF dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ver the subsequent period (up to 2043) after the project closing date in the 365 villages and rural towns electrified during the project lifetime. The projections for number of consumers to be connected are based on the  >>> planning data provided by EEPCo <<<  for electrification of new villages/towns nationally in the next 25 years. \n\n2. _Connections._ The original target of 213,000 households in 265 rural villages and towns was revised in the project restructuring (RES12290), approved on November 26, 2013. Although the activities we", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "planning data provided by EEPCo", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " arises from the potential miscategorization of support measures. For example, we know that the Government of Georgia did not provide wage subsidies as an explicit form of support to businesses. Still, many firms in the  >>> Georgia survey <<<  reported receiving such support. We think that cash assistance provided to newly or temporarily unemployed was interpreted this way, but it is impossible to know exactly which support measure did each respondent mean when providing Yes/No responses to this battery. We thus urge ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Georgia survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " --> .01<br>.005<br>0<br>Coefficient<br>-.005<br>-.01<br>1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013<br><!-- End of picture text --> Notes: Authors\u2019 calculation based on the  >>> Orbis database <<< . The plot is created by regressing a dummy variable indicating German ownership on a full set of event time indicators interacted with the pre-determined measure of German comparative advantage and controlling for firm and year fixed effects (equation (3)). The omitted baseline ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Orbis database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ")|\n|---|---|---|\n|Dependent variable|Total investment|Cloud|\n|AIA available allowance|4.260***|-2.663***|\n|(continuous measure)|(1.043)|(0.678)|\n|Observations|23,711|2,200|\n\nNote: Time Period: Investment regressions use  >>> annual data <<<  for the years 2007 to 2013. Cloud regressions use data for 2007 and 2013. The AIA allowance is calculated taking the average investment values for firms in 2005/06 and calculating how far this lagged investment average is above or below the AIA threshold in any given year. This ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " estimates from countries of return. In addition, the full details of the changes in the refugee population in industrialized countries are often not known.</mark> Voluntary repatriation* shows a best estimate, based on  >>> country of asylum and country of origin reports <<< . \n\n||Population|start-2006||Incr|eases durin|g2006||||De|creases d|uring2006||||Population|end-2006|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||Spont.|arrivals||||Voluntaryre|patriation*|Resettl|ement|||||||\n|||_of which:_<br>_UNHCR-_|Prima|Ind", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country of asylum and country of origin reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_-value|.15|.42|.45|.42|.72|.87|.3|.3|.87|.87|\n|F-test (\u03b72 =\u2212\u03b22) _p_-value|.45|.42|.3|.24|.54|.51|.15|.18|.24|.21|\n|F-test(\u03b73 =\u2212\u03b23) _p_-value|.78|.96|.48|.84|.18|.42|.54|.27|.57|.51|\n\n_Notes:_ Authors\u2019 analysis based on  >>> data described in the text <<< . The table reports OLS estimates. The unit of observation is a household. This table relies on the second definition of demobilized ex-combatants ( _D_<sup>_CNDD_</sup> _i_<sup>+2</sup> and _Di_<sup>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data described in the text", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " exports are not taxed, the exporting company has no incentive to make a non-compliant declaration. In such a situation, assuming that the gap is due to the importer is therefore a reasonable assumption.\n\nUsing original  >>> customs data <<< , this paper aims to identify, in Madagascar, some high-risk products and high-risk operators (importers and brokers). The proposed method is complementary to risk analysis methods based on compliance (see e.g. Geourjon and Laporte (2012)). A two-step procedure is adopted. Based ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "customs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ble to the electorate. They have a wide range of tools with which to carry out this oversight function, but until recently little analysis had been undertaken on the characteristics or use of such tools. This paper uses  >>> data for 83 countries <<<  that was collected in 2001 to investigate whether the oversight potential relates to three variables, namely the form of government (presidential, semi-presidential, or parliamentary), per capita income levels, and the level of democracy.\n\nThe paper finds that oversight potentia", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for 83 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to bad weather are likewise valued. Then, at this opportunity cost, the total annual savings for the whole village amount to Rs 0.20 million, whereby the limit _e_ \u0304 will not reached until 20 years will have passed. The  >>> Orissa Survey data <<<  suggest that while, in the short-run at least, the road will have little effect on morbidity, there is substantial willingness to pay for treatment. Putting a value on the latter is difficult, however, so we leave it aside for the moment. Turning to mortality, the assumption tha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Orissa Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "73, supported by the United Nations. This survey located and documented a large number of geothermal areas. Based on the results of the  >>> reconnaissance survey <<< , the Alutu (Langano) area of the Lakes District, south of Addis Ababa, was selected for prefeasibility work (1975-80) and subsequently feasibility study (1980 to the present). A separate project was begun in 1980 in the Tendaho area (between Addis Ababa and the Red Sea). \n\n70. T", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "reconnaissance survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "NP in both Europe and the United States did not reach double digits until the 1940's, and often not until the 1950's.\n\nExtending the OECD record into the contemporary period, Saunders and Klau(1985) employ comprehensive  >>> Ge data <<<  for 23 nations (Table 3), and report that government spending has, on average, increased from 26.3% to 47.0% of GNP in the years 1960 to 1982. (Tanzi(1986) provides similar information but for more years: 1960, 1971, 1975 and 1983. (Table 4)) Saunders and Klau(1985)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Ge data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e a pragmatic approach as to what constitutes a \u201ccommodity\u201d and take all \u201ccommodities\u201d included in the GFD dataset as our subject of study. We use data from GFD as it is the most comprehensive source, verifying that the  >>> price data <<<  is consistent with that from alternative sources (World Bank, IMF, and UNCTAD) for any overlapping commodity and time period. The details of the dataset can be found in Table 1.\n\n7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s presented as the following four steps: \n\n#### **Step 1 - Generate a List of Threatened and Range-restricted Species** \n\nCriteria (a) and (c) require at least two key data sources, namely the global IUCN Red List and a  >>> national red list <<< , which are supplemented from other sources as appropriate. Lists of species classified as CR or EN on IUCN Red List data (provided by IBAT) and the National Red List of Threatened Species of Uganda 2018 has been used. Restricted range species were determined from IBAT and Uganda", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national red list", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "United States (1959 to 1996) and the United Kingdom (1974-1996) and find estimates between 2 and 2.5. Following Card and Lemieux (2001), we estimate the production function parameters using Colombia\u2019s household surveys ( >>> SEDLAC <<< ) for 2001-12. Due to data limitations, college graduates include", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ether, the numbers suggest that, in mid-2021, sales of the average firm were still about 21 percent lower than before COVID-19. Unlike sales, employment outcomes in all rounds are measured compared to December 2019. The  >>> Round 3 data <<<  in Table 2 Panel B shows that the number of permanent full-time workers remained 15 percent lower compared to pre-COVID-19, with almost half of firms (47 percent) having decreased their number of workers. About 21 percent reported that they anticipated falling into arrears on ou", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Round 3 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt return overall return, but 19.8, 2.2 and 8.1 for primary, secondary and tertiary education.\n\nThere is a sizeable overall gender wage gap in Azerbaijan\u2019s workforce (Pastore et al. 2016). Using a unique database from a  >>> survey of young people <<<  ages 15-29 years shows that new labor market entrants begin with little or no gender differences in earnings, but a wage gap gradually emerges over time closer to the childbearing years. The gender wage gap grows from virtually zero, or even a small, positive gap in favor of wom", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of young people", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nsfer but who reside in households with younger participant children.\n\nIdentification of program impacts is derived from two different empirical strategies that use a panel of household surveys, a census of the poor and  >>> administrative data <<<  from 3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h the observed and unobserved geography-specific association with PDS accessibility, we modify equation 1 as follows: where, subscripts i , j , and m index a household i , resident in census block j and district m . The  >>> SWIFT survey <<<  covered 106 qhadas (districts), which are added as fixed-effects, \u03b7m , to account for qhada-level variation in the availability of ration and other characteristics that influence households\u2019 welfare and the PDS accessibility. Census blocks (EA) served as the primary sampling uni", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SWIFT survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " more cost-effective than relief.\u201d Another aspect for the efficiency analysis at appraisal was the public works component, which had high rates of costeffectiveness. The  >>> 2015 Public Works Impact Assessment <<<  estimated that the economic benefit-cost ratios exceeded 20 for several watersheds and, on average, a 9.1 percent increase in crop yields was attributed to the impact of PW soil and water conservation measures. \n\n**There was a decline in transfer costs 2017-2020 but a rise in th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2015 Public Works Impact Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tan Employment Department (hereafter, MED), both within the Mongolian Ministry of Labor, oversaw the implementation of this training program. The MVTP is financed by the State Employment Promotion Fund and, according to  >>> administrative data from the Ministry of Labor <<< , the total number of participants was 8,000 by 2011 and total program expenditure was approximately 3.5 billion MNT (USD $2.1 million). The EPSC selects training institutions through a competitive bidding process. The selection criteria for training institutions include evidence", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data from the Ministry of Labor", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ption to reach the poverty line. Growth of about 10 percent per year accumulated over three years would fill in this poverty deficit.\n\nA simple comparison of the magnitude of changes between cross-section (Figure 2) and  >>> panel data <<<  (Figure 3) is also quite informative. While in GIC growth rates by percentile lie within a narrow interval around the means and do not exceed 10 percent per year, the panel data show both larger changes (up to 20 percent per year) and much wider confidence intervals. With 95 per", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "negatively correlated with per capita income, implying that wealthier countries tend to have better trade facilitation.\n\nThe trade data are from the UN Comtrade database. GDP and GDP per capita are from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development indicators <<< . We use data for 2001-2003, convert to constant values, and average them in order to avoid idiosyncracies in any given year, though results are very similar if we use only data for 2003 (the latest available). Trade data were not available for 20 of the 146 countries for which w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "veys contain information on sales changes, business operations, labor adjustments, access to finance, expectations about the future, and support from the government in response to COVID-19. We combine the WBES data with  >>> COVID-19 Follow-up Enterprise Surveys data <<< . The former provides us with the pre-determined firm characteristics which are employed as independent or control variables; the latter provides seven indicators measuring firm responses during the pandemic.\n\nBy April 2021, the Follow-up Enterprise Survey has been implemented in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COVID-19 Follow-up Enterprise Surveys data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sis:** Below in table 1 we present the set of values used when to estimate the costs and benefits to each of the above listed approaches and components.  The assumptions are mainly based on evidence from the literature,  >>> labor force survey data <<<  (JLMPS 2016), or our expectations of outputs for the program from different components, which are described in other section of this PAD.  Below we list all amounts is USD and refer to annual earnings as wages to keep constant terminology with the models above.  In all cases, on", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor force survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in difference, which means two groups and two time periods (before and after).\n\nThe difference-in-difference regression is specified as follows: = T T T 1 + P P 2 + Treatment 3 4 (1) YYwhere ii,tt is the average log of  >>> nightlights data <<<  for each flooded pixelTTii\u03b2\u03b2 PPTT PPT TTtt\u03b2\u03b2 ii,tt\u03b2\u03b2 + ccPPccT PPT TTPPii,tt _i_ \u03b2\u03b2at time + \u03b5\u03b5iitt _t._ The use of remote sensing data allows us to explore immediate to short term impact of the flood over our two groups. ii,tt T T T YY is a dummy variable equal to 1 for flooded", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nightlights data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from surveys that describe potential scenarios to estimate the _ex-ante_ demand for goods and services such as WSS. The contingent valuation and conjoint analysis methods are examples of SP approaches. RP approaches use  >>> behavioral data <<< , often from surveys, to estimate _ex-post_ demand for WSS. The hedonic price, averting and coping models are examples of RP approaches. In the case of WSS services, consumer data (RP data) typically does not contain enough variation across households to estimate the value of ind", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "behavioral data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "As is now standard in the literature, we include  >>> domestic trade flows <<<  (Yotov 2021) as well as zero-trade flows, and estimate the model multiplicatively with the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator (Santos Silva and Tenreyro 2006) using a panel of consecutive years (Egger, Larch, and Yotov 2022); standard errors are clustered three-w", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "domestic trade flows", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " might expected, given deworming\u2019s effects on those known to be infected. The hypothesis of a common zero effect of multiple-dose MDA deworming on child weight at longest follow-up is rejected at the 10% level using the  >>> TMSDG dataset <<< , and with a p value < 0.001 using the updated sample. In the full sample, including studies in settings where prevalence is low enough that the WHO does not recommend deworming, the average effect on child weight is 0.134 kg (95% CI: 0.031, 0.236, random effects). In environment", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TMSDG dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e figure shows the strong positive correlation between country-average TFP and GDP per capita: richer countries have more productive firms.<sup>6</sup>\n\n**Table 1: Basic TFP regressions using country-survey-averages and  >>> firm-level data <<< ** **<u>(manufacturing only)</u>**\n\n||Regression on country-<br>survey-averages|Regression on firms with<br>country-survey dummies|\n|---|---|---|\n|Fixed capital|0.574**|0.387", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Many SIDS are highly exposed to tropical cyclones, because of their geographical position, and are highly vulnerable because of the small size of their landmass and lack of economic diversification. The  >>> EM-DAT <<<  records 185 incidences of tropical cyclone disasters in the 16 Caribbean SIDS during the 28-year period between 1995 and 2022. It also recorded 74 incidences in the 12 SIDS in Oceania during this period.<sup>5</sup> The EM-DAT records total estimated damages, comprising all dama", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EM-DAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n they have been given. This fuels resentment between the groups. \n\n## _Poverty and unemployment_ \n\nThe issues of poverty and unemployment are linked to problems of population density and land shortage. According to the  >>> 2011 Human Development Index <<< , Burundi is the third lowest rated country in the world (UNDP, 2011). Return to conditions of such poverty creates many reintegration challenges for reintegration. The scarcity of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2011 Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for the<br>1995-2010 period and for the year 2014.<br>The GPCC<br>dataset (2015) contains monthly time series data and is<br>aggregated according to the period/year being analyzed.|Author\u2019s calculations based on<br>the  >>> GPCC dataset <<< <sup>[</sup><sup>_h_] </sup>(Schneider<br>et al., 2015)|\n|Turnout<br>(share)|The share of eligible voters in the 2014 Legislative Elec-<br>tions that cast a vote in delegation _d_.|Author\u2019s compilation from ISIE<br>(2015)<sup>[</sup><sup>_d_]</sup>|\n\n25", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GPCC dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rict** \n\nHoima District Population statistics \n\n|Male|Female|Urban|Rural|No. HH|Non. HH|Total|Growth rate|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|286,705|287,198|106,492|467,411|565,189|8,714|573,903|4.27|\n\n\n\n_<mark>Source:  >>> National Population and Housing Census <<<  Revised November 2014 Provisional Result</mark>_ \n\n### **Population of Hoima", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "has been less stable than is sometimes argued.<sup>2</sup> Large changes had also occurred in earlier periods, with the Gini coefficient for the distribution of (adjusted) household per capita incomes as measured by the  >>> decennial Censuses <<< , rising from around 0.500 in 1960 to 0.565 in 1970 (see Bonelli and Sedlacek, 1989). Inequality rose further between 1970 and 1976, reached a peak on that year, and then fell from 1977 to 1981. See Bonelli and Sedlacek (1989), Hoffman (1989) and Ramos (1993).\n\nIn this paper, we ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "decennial Censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  Projecting out\u2010of\u2010pocket expenditures_**\n\nFuture values of OOP spending per capita are needed as input parameters into the demand model projections to predict future values of physicians per 1,000 population. Based on  >>> historical data for total health expenditures per capita <<<  (PPP constant 2011 international $) and the percentage of total health expenditures spent OOP, we calculate the OOP health expenditures per capita for each country from 1995 to 2013 based on the following formula for each country _c_ in year _t_ :\n\n-\n\n- (Eq 8) _OOPPCct_ = _% tot", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical data for total health expenditures per capita", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 9414\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis study highlights how COVID-19 has affected small and medium enterprises, drawing on newly released  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<<  in 13 countries. The study shows that firms of all sizes are severely affected in multiple dimensions; however, firm size matters for the intensity of the different channels of transmission and firms\u2019 responses. Small and medium enterprise sales shrink by more and their cash dra", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>Base VAT reform<br>percent<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: South Africa CGE model simulations\n\n# **6. Conclusion**\n\nIn this paper, we analyze the VAT in South Africa, using the effective rates observed in the  >>> Social Accounting Matrix <<<  for 2001. We find:\n\n- The VAT in South Africa is mildly regressive; the over all tax system is not.\n\n- The marginal cost of funds for the VAT is higher for low-income households than for high-income households.\n\n- A VAT is the most effective instrument for generating government ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Social Accounting Matrix", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "minal degrees and rarely offer a pathway towards a bachelor\u2019s degree. In terms of labor market outcomes, SC and BP students participate in the formal market at similar rates (51 _._ 7%\n\n> 8These students do not match to  >>> SPADIES <<<  (the dataset of higher education enrollment) or OLE (the dataset of labor market earnings). SPADIES does not contain information on SENA students; therefore, we classify them as NE. Since they account for a negligible share of higher education enrollment in 2005, this does not p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SPADIES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd using data? \n\n- \u2794 Where are the gaps? \n\nParticipants were interested in learning more about MapX and connections of spatial data to the NEAT+. To summarize the discussions specifically about MapX and NEAT+: \n\n- While  >>> country-level data <<<  was gathered and used for pilots to assess accuracy of field results and data availability, a future version of the NEAT+ tool will connect users to verified global-level spatial datasets. This is to ensure that data is timely, relevant, and best-available, as national datasets ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " at 5% p.a. However, in all the projections, primary enrollment is assumed to grow at 3.5% per annum and to reach 4.1 million in 1985/86. This figure includes a substantial adjustment for alleged undercounting in the  >>> 1969 census <<<  and reflects the assumption that after the 1974 population explosion, primary enrollments would continue to increase steadily. In the meantime, enrollment data for the period 1975-77 showing a stagnation and indeed even a slight decline in primary education enrollments (Annex I-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1969 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**A comparison of the distributions of \"true\" income based on EU-SILC and the imputed tax admin income reflects the underreporting of income at lower income quintiles and the underreporting of top incomes in  >>> survey data <<< . At the median, the gap between \u201ctrue\u201d and \u201creported\u201d income is 9%; thus, tax compliance is 91%.** The mean value of income imputed tax income is higher than that of survey income. This results from a significant underreporting of top income in EU-SILC data. If we censor income ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ivate investment significantly impacted growth and output in Africa over the past three decades. To reconcile the empirical findings with the theoretical predictions, the authors integrate cross-country exploration with  >>> firn-level data <<<  on investment in the mianufacturing sector in Tanzania. This analysis suggests that the low level of investment can be partially attributed to the low productivity of capital for African firms. The low level of productivity of capital then explains the absence of a cross-country", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firn-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "3 percent a year\u2014more than three times the rate indicated in  >>> international data sets <<< . Using a new methodology to estimate income distribution, poverty rates, and inequality and welfare indexes for African countries in 1970\u20132006, Pinkovskiy and Sala-i-Martin (2010) conclude that African poverty is falling\u2014and is falling rapidly. Moreover, they find that the growt", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "international data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "traves \u00e0 la libert\u00e9** , incluant les arrestations arbitraires, les d\u00e9tentions ill\u00e9gales, les restrictions de mouvement, ainsi que les menaces ou intimidations \u00e0 l\u2019encontre des civils, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 document\u00e9s dans le cadre du  >>> monitoring de protection <<< . **90% de ces cas** (218 cas) affectent directement les enfants. De plus, les menaces contre les enfants ont augment\u00e9 de 22% au premier trimestre 2024 \u00e0 34% au quatri\u00e8me trimestre 2024, puis 38% au premier trimestre 2025. \n\nParall\u00e8lement, **2 753 cas de d\u00e9placements forc\u00e9s** ont", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion are time consuming, costly, and intensive in data requirements.\n\nTo fill this gap, this paper introduces a simple, yet novel microsimulation approach to assess the distributional impact of competition that combines  >>> expenditure data from household surveys <<<  with parameters on market structure in certain industries. This simulation approach adapts a set of flexible theoretical models (monopoly, oligopoly with a homogeneous good, and partial collusive oligopoly) into a user-friendly interface, WELCOM, which can be used to assess the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "expenditure data from household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uence of the conflict. Colombia has the world\u2019s second largest IDP population, and accounts for most of Latin America\u2019s 3.7 million IDPs as well as nearly all the new displacements in the region. Recent figures from the  >>> Global IDP Project <<<  estimates over 3 million Colombians displaced by violence since 1985.<sup>29</sup> Only 22% of Colombians have fled in large groups due to a high level of insecurity and continuous lack of protection; the majority prefers to flee as individuals and families and do not acknowledg", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global IDP Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "achinery, including compressors and pneumatic drills for rock drilling and related blasting at tower foundations, will lead to temporary noise emissions that may disturb neighbouring communities and local fauna. Limited  >>> noise level measurements <<<  that have been conducted indicate no existing significant noise stressors in the project area. Moreover, noise resulting from the construction work will only be experienced during a limited time frame and can be significantly reduced with the implementation of general mitigation", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "noise level measurements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n grazing in 2016 and 2017. These bans exacerbated previous tensions and directly contributed to a peak of violence in the first half of 2018.\n\nWe combine detailed panel data of households and individuals from Nigeria\u2019s  >>> General Household Survey <<<  (GHS) with data on violent events from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project (Raleigh _et al._ , 2010). The GHS data contain four survey rounds, each including two seasonal visits\u2014post-planting and post-harvest. This means that individuals can be observed in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "General Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "onomic cost of the pandemic and resulting policies, scholars have adopted three general approaches designed to shed light on the impact of measures like mobility restrictions and lockdowns. One strand of literature used  >>> past data <<<  to forecast the state of the world's economic well-being during the pandemic. In April 2020, during the peak stringency adopted in most countries, the IMF projected a 3 percent contraction of world economic output, much larger than during the 2008 global financial crisis (IMF, 2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "past data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "study in which economic fluctuation was high.\n\n# **5.2. The unequal effect of economic shocks on expenditure and income**\n\nIn Table 5, we estimate the unequal effect of shocks on expenditure, income, and wage rate using  >>> HEIS data <<< . The coefficient of the Afghan dummy in panel A of Table 5 shows that, on average, Afghan households spend less and have lower total income than Iranians. However, their earned income is higher than Iranians because of higher labor force participation. In the HEIS sample, while ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HEIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".4|**70**|**6**|**65**|**380**|**5.b**|\n|Mean|**571**|**30.2**|**23.7**|4.8|48|224|2.0|\n|**Std**Deviatio|n<br>**553**|**27.6**|**17.5**|**.7**|**10**|**99**|**1.9**|\n\n\n\na Source: **AFC** a/ \n\nSource : Republic of Kenya,  >>> Economic Survey <<<  **1973 p.79** Source Estimated from Republic of Kenya, National Atlas of Kenya, 3rd ed., **1970.** \n\n**(D** \n\n_/ Source : Estimated from District AnnualReports published **by** the Ministry of Agriculture **1970-72** Source : Expert opinion **-** Refer to text for explanation. f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Economic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "as where congestion reduction would yield the greatest estimated reductions in impact.\n\nTo conclude, we should stress that our assessment for Dar es Salaam is inevitably a pilot exercise because, to our knowledge, these  >>> high-resolution information sources <<<  have not previously been combined for an integrated regional assessment of any city. As more cases are studied, we will undoubtedly gain further insight into the key factors that link traffic, air pollution and distributional impacts in metropolitan regions. In closing, we shoul", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "high-resolution information sources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uarterly data from 1970 to 1992, estimated a transmission elasticity to non\u2010energy com\u2010 modities of 0.11, and Chaudhuri (2001), too, found a strong relationship between energy and non\u2010energy prices. Baffes (2007), using  >>> annual data <<<  from 1960 to 2005, estimated elasticities for non\u2010energy and food commodities of 0.16 and 0.18, respectively. Moss and others (2010) found that the demand of U.S. agriculture for energy responds strongly to changes in the energy prices.<sup>**12**</sup>\n\n# **_3.3 What matters mo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l selection based on PMT used by the Government of Lao PDR to identify the poor for participation in social programs. This PMT index was developed by the World Bank and Government of Lao PDR, following administration of  >>> LECS V <<<  in 2012-2013 (Pimhidzai et al. 2014). It relied on regression analysis of household consumption on surveyed household characteristics. The model aimed to accurately distinguish between poor and non-poor households. Nonsignificant characteristics were removed from the model; char", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LECS V", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " administrative data sourced from the RAMV survey to compute the number of people eligible for the PEP migratory status and the actual number of individuals who applied for (and received) the PEP migratory status. Using  >>> individual records <<< , we compute the allocated time window each individual had to register in the PEP (based on the registration number), which we use for our identification strategy.\n\n4. _Municipality Controls_ . We control for a rich set of baseline municipal covariates including night light densi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "individual records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d by aggregating modeled jobs lost in CFUWBES 1 and the modeled incremental jobs lost from R1 to R2.\n\nThese patterns are not consistent with those seen for the larger group of all private sector workers according to the  >>> GHFPS <<< . In that data, 22.9 percent of men had lost their job between March and December 2020 due to COVID (and were not working in December 2020) in contrast to 40.8 percent of women (Table 5-19). More\n\n> 51 The CMMHH results must be considered tentative, because Palestinians and Syria", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHFPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "econd exercise, we project the evolution of premature deaths in LAC up to 2059. Specifically, we extend the premature deaths counterfactual calculation presented in Section 4.1 but compute excess air pollution using the  >>> runoff projections from the climate models <<<  instead of the observed runoff. We also allow for demographic changes using the demographic projections of the SSPs. The SSPs do not include projections on the evolution of electricity generation. However, because we expect the retirement schedule of combustion power plants to h", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "runoff projections from the climate models", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of bias in our results could lie in the importance of cross country investments in the form of _Foreign Direct Investments_ . In table 8, we investigate the robustness of our findings to the inclusion of FDI links using  >>> UNCTAD\u2019s data <<< . We find that accounting for cross-country investments only reinforces the specific role of trade in intermediate inputs in the increase of GDP comovement within the country-pairs included in our sample. However, because the coverage of such data is limited, it is important to k", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNCTAD\u2019s data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he ICR (p. 26), M&E implementation was monitored continuously, and the government and the Bank provided technical assistance to address any challenges. Due to lengthy procurement processes, the impact evaluation and the  >>> PIBS surveys <<<  were delayed, resulting in the baseline for the impact evaluation not being completed until 2015 and the impact evaluation itself, as well as the final round of the PIBS survey, only being completed just before project closure. However, according to the ICR (p. 26), the PIBS sur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PIBS surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER 1711\n\n# Summary findings\n\nC6te d'Ivoire is one of the few cotntries in Sub-Saharan Africa that conducted  >>> household surveys <<<  between I _985_ and 1995. These surveys make it possible to trace changes in urban and rural poverty and changes in poverty arnong different socioeconomic groups.\n\nDuring the decade surveyed, the country experienced a major recession. Economic recovery began only with the devalu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s likely to be an important part of the explanation.\n\nIn order to gauge the extent of potential manipulation, and to provide for the possibility of a robustness check using a manipulation-free sub-sample, we audited the  >>> official land records of surveyed households <<< , taking advantage of the state of Gujarat\u2019s electronic repository of land records. In the state of Gujarat, all official landholdings are recorded in the centralized electronic _e-Dhara_ system. Manipulation of _e-Dhara_ records is considered highly unlikely for several reasons:", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "official land records of surveyed households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pgrade to higher-quality jobs in higher-performing firms; however, we find that, a year after the rises in the minimum wage, only a minority of workers from firms that exited had found in other, formal employment. Using  >>> complementary data from surveys <<< , we find that the decline in formal employment was accompanied by a rise in inactivity and unemployment, as opposed to a rise in informal employment. This suggests that workers from these exiting firms mostly failed to find employment one year after the minimum wage hike.\n\n3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "complementary data from surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cision of our estimates.\n\nIn our first follow-up survey, just at the end of the demo year, we surveyed a much smaller sample of households and oversampled households in treatment arms with more demonstrators. We use the  >>> demo year household survey <<<  in two tables and one figure. In Table 5, we include demo year data for additional power when estimating the impacts of the new seeds on yields; these results are robust to excluding demo year data. In Appendix Table A1, we use this survey to construct measures of demonstration ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demo year household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fficients are estimated following Equation 1. Data on household business suspension and closure filings are obtained from the Household Business Tax Census. Data on individual work hours and income are obtained from the  >>> Vietnamese Labor Force Surveys <<< . Monthly income is detrended from pre-COVID linear trend and residualized from individual observables including age, gender, educational level, and occupation level. Square brackets show the equivalent of estimated coefficients in percentage changes from pre-COVID means. Standar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Vietnamese Labor Force Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Report \n\n**The World Bank** ET Productive Safety Nets Project 4 (PSNP 4) (P146883) \n\n\n\n|Value|0.00<br>15.57|16.41|30.00|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Date|31-Dec-2020<br>30-Apr-2020|30-Nov-2020|30-Jun-2020|\n|Comments**:**|Source:  >>> EFY 2012 Q2 Report <<< <br>Note that between July 2018-June 2019 (EFY 20<br>Between July-Dec 2019 (EFY 2012) = this increa<br>clients.|11), cumulative employmen<br>sed by 10, 719 clients to a c|t skills training was 165,984;<br>umulative total of 176,703|\n\n\n\n# Institutional Capacity Building and Projec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EFY 2012 Q2 Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "these may derive from either political connections or the information advantages that come along with cadre status. These jobs were usually well paid relative to farming and in high demand by villagers. According to the  >>> RCRE panel data <<< , this is the only source of higher incomes associated with cadre status in rural China.<sup>28</sup>\n\n**_Relationship to Returns to Communist Party Membership_** _._ Cadre status and membership in the Communist Party are closely related in rural China. First, only Communist Part", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RCRE panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "timate our model with the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) derived wealth indices that the gridded wealth estimates were trained on.<sup>36</sup> **Pollution data\u2013** We use estimated pollution concentrations from the  >>> global dataset <<<  produced by the Van Donkelaar research group<sup>29</sup> . This provides monthly average pollution estimates on a 0.01 _\u00d7_ 0.01 decimal degree covering the entire planet. We use the average of estimates spanning 2015 to 2020 and for each wealth grid cell assign it the value of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "global dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ities<br>Average commercial borrowing rate for the country<br>Public distribution company<br>Private distribution company<br>Average borrowing rate<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Utility financial statements;  >>> World Development Indicators <<< .\n\n**Figure 6: Loan Sources and Average Borrowing Rates**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> 25% 23.0%<br>20%<br>15%<br>10% 9.0% 8.4%<br>7.5%<br>6.6%<br>5% 2.93% 3.6% 4.2% 4.0%<br>0.6%<br>0%<br>Tanzania Kenya Senegal Tajikistan Uganda<br>Government Commercial IFI<br>Average Borrowin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orting firms to the EU become exporters to the EU via a logistic regression on my measure of changing trade costs, firm productivity and other firm characteristics. I use firms\u2019 information from the 1992, 1997, and 2002  >>> U.S. Censuses of Manufactures <<< . I define the change in trade costs for census year _t_ as the log difference in tariffs over the preceding five years ( _\u25b3\u03c4t_<sup>_i_</sup> +5<sup>)andasthelogdifferenceonmymeasureofprod-</sup> uct standard heterogeneity over the preceding five years ( _\u25b3NHt_<sup>_i_</sup> +5<s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "U.S. Censuses of Manufactures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n women\u2019s and men\u2019s labor force participation. They find that all women\u2019s labor force participation is countercyclical while among men, labor force participation is countercyclical only for those aged 20-49. Analysis of  >>> household survey data <<<  from Mexico\u2019s Peso crisis of the mid-1990s also shows evidence of a female added worker effect. Skoufias and Parker (2006) find that during the Peso crisis wives were 14 percent more likely to enter the labor force as a result of husband\u2019s transition to unemployment. Parker and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hade) around the household\u2019s location.\n\nThe results presented in this paper are based on matching a household\u2019s geographic location with a spatially aggregated hazard measure within a 20 km radius. In the absence of any  >>> GPS data <<<  at the household or cluster level, the hazard measures are aggregated to the geographic or closest administrative level that is coded in the household survey. We chose the level of spatial aggregation so as to provide a roughly consistent area of spatial aggregation for surveys ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GPS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d here to estimate poverty at the local level in three states of India in 2004/5 (Gangopadhyay et al, 2010). The study confirms that in West Bengal, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh the poverty-city size gradient observed from  >>> NSS data <<<  also emerges from estimates derived out of the small-area estimation procedure (Table 10). Thus, at least in India, the finding of a poverty-city size gradient is robust to alternative empirical methods. This provides some support to the claim that the findings reported in prece", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r inequality is the most important factor in this trend. Section 5 concludes.\n\n# 2. Data: From noise to signal for identifying regional trends\n\nMost stylized facts on Latin America are produced using harmonized national  >>> household surveys <<<  from the SEDLAC Project.<sup>14</sup> The surveys are collected by the respective national statistics offices (NSOs) and harmonized through the SEDLAC Project. These microdata cover 17 countries over a span of 20 years, which account for 90 percent of the population in the regio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "223|641|264|630|261|\n|r2_w|0.455|0.531|||||||\n|r2_b|0.023|0.007|||||||\n|r2_o|0.003|0.034|||||||\n|rho|0.775|0.858|||||||\n\nNotes: This table reports panel regressions with individual firm fixed effects for the El Salvador  >>> COV-ES data <<< . Size information used as the interaction terms is taken from the total number of full-time equivalent workers in the baseline ES. Columns 3 through 8 report coefficients from logistic regressions. Sampling weights from the ES are used. Standard errors are shown in parenthesis. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COV-ES data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tics_\n\nWe restrict ourselves to the workers who worked for wages for two consecutive surveys: 1993 and 1998 for the first panel and 2002 and 2004 or 2004 and 2006 for the second panel. As discussed earlier, the VLSS and  >>> VHLSS <<<  samples are representative of the Vietnamese population but contain few wage earners. Hence, our final sample is relatively small, with 875 individuals in 1993\u20131998 and 3893 individuals after pooling the 2002\u20132004 and the 2004\u20132006 surveys. As we saw, our model's identification ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "VHLSS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ve assumptions.\n\n# **10 Concluding Remarks**\n\nThis paper has examined the effects of resource misallocation induced by firm-specific distortions on aggregate manufacturing productivity using comprehensive and comparable  >>> data on manufacturing firms <<<  in four Sub-Saharan Africa countriess - C\u02c6ote d\u2019Ivoire, Ethiopia, Ghana and Kenya.\n\nOur main results are as follows. First, we found evidence that firm-level distortions have a quantitatively sizable detrimental impact on aggregate productivity, through the misallocation of reso", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on manufacturing firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "imited loss|Title holder/<br>business owner|Cash compensation for affected land,<br>taking into account market values for the<br>land<br>Opportunity cost compensation<br>equivalent to 5% of net annual income<br>based on  >>> tax records <<<  for previous year (or<br>tax records from comparable business, or<br>estimates where such records do not<br", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">ISO</sup><sup>**9001:2015.**</sup> \n\n##### **Economic Survey 2016 and its Popular Version report** \n\nThe Economic Survey **2016** report highlighted the performance of the economy<sup>in2015</sup> and also provided key  >>> socio-economic statistics <<<  for the period **2011-2015.** The report, together with its popular version, was prepared **by** April **2016** and provided key indicators that informed the National Government budgetary process. \n\n**16**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (using the wholesale price Index as a deflator). Average tariffs had decreased for 60% of utilities and Increased for only 25%. In most countries, tariffs also declined compared to the average cost of living (using the  >>> consumer price Index <<<  as a defletor) until the late 1970s, when It appears that tariffs started to Increase more than the consumer price Index. However, more data Is required before this finding can be verified.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumer price Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", a random sample of up to 25 students were assessed from each class in grades 3 and 4 at endline (May 2014). The surveys reached a varying number of schools across the different rounds (Table A.5). For example, we have  >>> student assessment data <<<  for 408, 417, and 391 schools for baseline, midline, and endline rounds of data collection, respectively. It is unclear the source of the variation in number of schools; however, it is likely that, at least for the endline", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "student assessment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table 11. Major locations and demographic composition of populations of concern to UNHCR, end-2006 Source:  >>> 2006 ASR <<< . Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.** \n\n*** Type of location: C=Camps/Centers; U=Urban; R=Rural/Dispersed; V=Various/Unknown. ** Indicates the proportion of the population of concern at the location for which the demographic characteristics ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 ASR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or present purposes. Changes in the real cost of the subsistence bundle are also ignored. Hence, estimates of _B_<sup>_c_</sup> derived from (5) using, say, the consumer price index for agricultural laborers (CPIAL) and  >>> data on household incomes <<< , as the surveys define income, will involve errors; but if the changes in leisure are small, these are unlikely to be serious.\n\nEach of these alternatives is now illustrated with actual examples, drawing on Bell (2009a). The community in Himachal Pradesh enjoys a good standard o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on household incomes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ronicles individuals\u2019 past employment, offers, for the case of Brazil, a direct assessment of how much poverty reduction can be attributed to these intersectoral labor movements. By estimating a mover-stayer model using  >>> Brazilian micro data <<< , we can identify the main factors affecting the propensity of moving out of agriculture and rank individuals accordingly. The estimations show that individuals that are most likely to migrate are found among the poorer, often landless heads of households, but also among the bett", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Brazilian micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "asonality effects, which can be important in many developing countries. Beetsma et al. (2006) and Beetsma et al. (2009) compare the results from quarterly and annual data for several countries for which non-interpolated  >>> quarterly fiscal data <<<  are available and show that recursive identification restrictions for spending shocks in a VAR with annual data delivers plausible results. Born and M\u00fcller (2012) provide further evidence that the identification assumptions are not too restrictive for annual data.\n\nThe identific", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quarterly fiscal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".\n\n# **Table 2. Poverty rates** **<u>by Governorate</u>**\n\n|**Governorate**|**E**<br>**Poverty**<br>**rate**|** >>> BCNV 2015 <<< **<br>**Standard**<br>**error**|**cv**|**Poverty m**<br>**Poverty**<br>**rate**|**apping - Cen**<br>**Standard**<br>**error**|**sus 2014**<br>**cv**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**TUNIS**|3.5|0.575|0.164|4.6|0.360|0.078|\n|**ARIANA**|5.4|0.698|0.129|7.0|1.024|0.146|\n|**BEN AROU", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BCNV 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re 22). If banks are able to raise capital to cover half the shortfall (Scenario 2), the estimated short-term impact on EMDE credit would be lower, at \u20ac131 billion (10 percent of their\n\n> 18 These figures are taken from  >>> IMF Financial Soundness Indicators <<< .\n\n> 19 Given the simplifying assumptions used in the simulations (box 3), the results should be interpreted as suggestive.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IMF Financial Soundness Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oduced by just taking the ISAT or RSAT benchmarks alone on both ends of the spectrum.\n\n# 4. Illustrative Analysis\n\nWe include a few key figures from our database as motivation for the utility of the database. We analyze  >>> disaggregated data <<<  by subject and schooling levels to explore the full texture of the data.\n\nFigure 7.0 shows select countries on a global scale in reading in 2016. We see a few notable trends. Russia has taken the lead \u2013 a new development. Chile nearly outperforms France and has started to outper", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "CO2 emissions per unit of GDP) into carbon intensity of fuel consumption, energy intensity of transportation, and transport demand. We focus on the inland transportation sector, including rail and road sectors for which  >>> disaggregated data <<<  are available on travel volume measured by kilometers traveled by passengers and freight. Inland transportation is the largest source of global transport emissions, <mark>accounting for 84 percent of total emissions in 2018. The results again show that efficiency improvements ha", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pact Assessment Study Report \n\nProposed Infrastructures Improvement Works In Selected Informal Settlements In Kisumu County (6 No. Settlements) \n\n###### **EXECUTIVE SUMMARY** \n\n###### **Introduction** \n\nAccording to the  >>> World Bank collection of development indicators <<< , compiled from officially recognized sources approximately 56% of the global population living within urban center. As such the informal settlement structure can be found worldwide. In Kenya, with an urban annual population growth reported at 3.706 % in 2021, numerous challenges", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank collection of development indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ganda and bordered by Kibaale District to the north, Mubende District to the east, Kiruhura District to the south, Kamwenge District to the southwest and Kyenjojo District to the northwest. \n\n#### **_Population_** \n\nThe  >>> 2014 Population and Housing Census <<<  results reported Kyegegwa population of 281,637. 141,043 (50.1%) people were males and 140,594 (49.9%) were females. The reported population was 92 persons/km<sup>2</sup> . Kyegegwa is one of the Ugandan districts that are hosting refugees from Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwan", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2014 Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ists of satisfactorily mapping the sources of incomes from the CGE model to the micro model. For example, in the CGE model it is possible to clearly distinguish labor remunerations from capital earnings; however, in the  >>> micro data <<< , for the large group of self-employed people, incomes are a mix of labor and capital returns. For this group, an imputed wage is estimated and the remaining amount is classified as capital income (see Annex 2 for details). Furthermore, the micro-simulation module defines an exog", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t worker|0.5|1.5|\n|Contributing family worker|54.2|62.0|\n|Wage employment|0.5|1.6|\n|Full time student|1.0|1.2|\n|Children not at school|0.3|0.07|\n|Other|1.3|1.3|\n|None|42.2|32.4|\n\n_Source: Author calculation based on the  >>> UNHS 2005/06 <<< ; Note: respondents aged between 14 and 65 years, 12-month recall_ In sum, when detailed screening questions are used, broader economic participation is effectively captured because it brings clarity to the term as opposed to relying on the respondent\u2019s own interpretation. Second", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHS 2005/06", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ty, profitability, market structure, rent distribution (i.e., were employment and wages affected by regulatory changes), and dynamic efficiency (measured by the rate and direction of innovation and productivity).\n\nWorld  >>> Bank surveys <<<  probably have focused more on regulation than any other theme, although the variation in coverage is vast across surveys. Those that cover regulation thoroughly _(the Bosnia Survey, the World Business Environment Survey, The Emergence of Private Sector: Hungary,_ and the RPED) a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "centage d\u2019enfants de moins de 18 ans est de 58% (filles et gar\u00e7ons).<sup>vii</sup> Entre septembre 2012 et septembre 2024, ce sont 854 956 personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es qui sont retourn\u00e9es dans leur lieu de provenance. \n\nSelon le  >>> monitoring de protection <<< , le nombre de cas li\u00e9s aux mouvements d\u2019enfants \u00e9tait de 365 (64% de filles) au premier trimestre 2025 et a donc augment\u00e9 de 120% par rapport au dernier trimestre 2024, mais baiss\u00e9 de 9% par rapport au premier trimestre 2024. Les mouvements repr\u00e9sentaient 39% des cas de violatio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "indicating that individuals in the treatment and control groups came from the same population. These baseline characteristics are broadly similar to those of poor individuals aged 15-30 in Ulaanbaatar as reported in the  >>> 2014 Mongolian socioeconomic survey <<< , which shows similar share of idle youth, age mean composition and average years schooling. The MVTP sample, however, shows a higher proportion of women (65 vs. 55 percent), a higher share of individuals living in gers (82 vs. 56 percent), smaller household size (4 vs. 6), and h", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2014 Mongolian socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "als and the target variable, in this case the poverty rate, could change over time.\n\n**3. Spatial extrapolation.** This is the most ambitious potential application of CDR data. In countries or regions in which no recent  >>> survey data <<<  are available, such as conflict-affected areas or countries that have experienced severe political instability, estimates can be generated by using survey data and CDRs for a similar location and then applying this model to CDR data from the target location. This approach requir", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ABBREVIATED RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (ARAP) (1) REPORT \n\nKWAHAKATSA INFORMAL SETTLEMENT WEST MAINLAND OF MOMBASA COUNTY \n\n### **CHAPTER 7: SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE OFAFFECTED PERSONS IN THE SETTLEMENT** \n\n##### **7.1  >>> Socio Economic Survey <<<  Context** \n\nThis section looks at the social characteristic of the 53 enumerated PAPs. It focuses on the demographic and socio-economic characteristics of PAPs which will also serve as basis for monitoring and evaluation of the ARAP implementation. The data used to prepare this ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socio Economic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uential reforms across measures of entry regulation. Finally, we examine how the impact of reform depends on the level of regulation prior to the reform.\n\nWe use a new dataset that is uniquely suited for this purpose: a  >>> cross-country, time-series panel dataset <<<  on the number of newly registered limited liability firms. We supplement this dataset with information from Doing Business reports on the cost, days and number of procedures required for the registration of new companies. Importantly, both datasets focus comparably on only limit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cross-country, time-series panel dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "76%|\n|**Middle 40% income share**|46.55%|45.38%|43.94%|\n|**Top 10% income share**|20.66%|32.75%|30.30%|\n|**Top 1% income share**|2.91%|8.28%|7.19%.|\n\n_Source: own estimation based on the  >>> EU-SILC and tax data <<< ._\n\n> 14 To get a sense of magnitudes, Atkinson et al. (2011) and Burkhauser et al. (2012) have analyzed income data for the United States and found that the survey-based estimates of the top 1% income share are lower by several percentage points compared to the estimates based o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EU-SILC and tax data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "quality, and additional variables on households\u2019 living conditions and welfare. For this purpose, the paper first generates a harmonized dataset, which consists of the European Survey of Income and Living Conditions and  >>> household budget survey data <<< . It then employs different imputation models and chooses the best-performing one to impute energy spending shares into data. Based on the resulting dataset, it overlays energy poverty with monetary poverty. The findings show that a large share of the energy poor is not income po", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household budget survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "us Canary, LC; Red-chested Sunbird, LC; and<br>Black-lored Babbler, LC.|Wob-Mas|\n|Sango Bay Area IBA|Recognized for 45 bird species, including one VU, one NT and 43 LC<br>species.|Wob-Mas|\n\n\n\n* denotes species where the  >>> Uganda National Red List <<<  provides the highest threatened status \n\nThe TL route avoids all of the internationally recognized areas listed in, with the exception of the Lake Wamala Catchment KBA.  This water catchment is recognized for three fish species, a dragonfly and a plant species.  The TL passes th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Red List", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in the physical, biological and socio-economic environment within the vicinity of the project site. Aspects observed included climate data,  >>> geological data <<<  and soils, hydrology, air and noise quality, among others, as detailed in section 3 of the report. This information was key in assessing impact identification and analysis of the proposed project on the existing environment. \n\nComprehensive stakeholder engagement was carried out", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "geological data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " employment.\n\n1. Household level data where the sector of employment is based on \u2018usual status\u2019 of the household head with the corresponding household weekly consumption, which was used as proxy variable for income.\n\n2.  >>> Individual-level data <<<  based on members within the household reporting an economic activity and corresponding income from such activity during the reference week.\n\nThe advantage of using", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Individual-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "methodologies that can provide complementary insights.** These include, first and foremost, Call Detail Record (CDR) \u2013 mobile phone \u2013 data, that are increasingly recognized as a valuable resource for transport planning.  >>> CDR data <<<  are observed for every call/text made or received with a timestamp and GPS coordinates of the tower from where the call is made. Such data allows measuring mobility across entire cities or even countries at very fine spatial and temporal levels. The analysis in the current paper", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CDR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>experienced on other projects.<br>iv. Corporate Social Responsibility e.g.<br>schools, hospitals, roads can be looked<br>at by project.|i.<br>District rates will be used and PAPs to be paid approved<br>figures as in  >>> RAP report <<< .<br>ii. Sensitization shall be done.<br>iii. Independent GRC committees to be formed.|\n|**L**|**OCATION : BUTAMBAL**|**A DLG**||**DATE: 03/01/2024**|\n|1.|Mubiru Farouk|DNRO", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAP report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Source: Authors\u2019 calculations based on  >>> quarterly HBS <<< .\n\nThe recovery in 2017 had a different dynamic: incomes of the lower\u2010income groups were recovering faster. There is a negative relationship between real income growth rates in 2017 and real income level in 2016 (Figure 9). The higher\u2010income groups like those with high education ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quarterly HBS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arnessing separate surveys through hybrid well-being indices Hybrid well-being indices, which are part-synthetic and part-objective, are one way of avoiding \u201cwasting\u201d part of the data available in separate surveys, like  >>> LSMS <<<  and DHS. Sections 3.3 and 3.4.1 list solutions for the construction of hybrid multidimensional indices. They may thus help improve cross-regions well-being comparisons as well as", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LSMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rent CPR is about 2%. \n\n2.03 Health Status. Life expectancy at birth is estiwated to be about 47, and just under 23% of children die in their first five years of life. Mortality and morbidity data are based primarily on  >>> health facility records <<< . which may not reflect the real incidence of disease in the population. The leading causes of hospital deaths are dysentery and gastroenteritis (11%), tuberculosis (11%), pneumonias (11%). malnutrition and anemia (7%). liver diseases including hepatitis (6%), tetanus (3%) and ma", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "health facility records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "We combine  >>> administrative data <<<  from the bank with six waves of detailed survey data \u2013 to study how commitment impacted respondents\u2019 financial behavior both at the partner bank and more broadly. First, we find robust demand for commitment. Seventy-two percent of individuals in the treatment group signed up for", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " variable being a binary yes/no of whether the person is a new user of private motorized modes as compared to the pre-pandemic period.\n\n**Finally, where relevant, the analysis highlights results based on the most recent  >>> public household travel survey <<< ** for the Buenos Aires metropolitan region (ENMODO 2018), whose official results were published by the government in 2022.\n\n# **3. MAIN FINDINGS**\n\n**The first key finding of the analysis is that women in AMBA tend to travel less, even though their trips may be organized into mo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "public household travel survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a made publicly available in any analysis of the welfare impacts of typhoons in general. Typhoon activity in the Philippines is concentrated in the second half of the calendar year, so estimates of typhoon impacts using  >>> consumption data <<<  averaged over two points, one in June and the other in January of next year, may be somewhat attenuated because the consumption in June is collected prior to the bulk of typhoon events and thus likely to be higher than the consumption expenditures collected in January next year.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e ITT effect on the value of household assets is estimated using equation (1) with a measure of the value of household assets. The unit-value of each asset is estimated using the median replacement value reported in the  >>> baseline survey <<< , subject to data availability. In Line (14), the ITT effect on the total value of assets is estimated using equation (1) with a measure of the total value of assets, which is equal to the sum of the value of animals and household assets. In Line (15), the ITT effect on the total", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "In Figure 3.3 we provide a pictorial view of the war victimization based on  >>> household responses <<< . We plot the average responses at the department level; darker shades imply a higher average rate of victimization experience for the inhabitants in a department. It is evident that the civil war had an adverse effect on the livelihood of the entire population in C\u00f4te d\u201fIvoire; ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household responses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " youth and adult life in the acquisition of human capital. Without any claims regarding causation, it is useful to look at labor earnings, which are more closely related to human capital than earnings from other assets.  >>> OECD figures <<<  show that 32 percent of 25\u201364-year-olds in Costa Rica with low levels of educational attainment (below upper-secondary education) earned less than half of the median earnings for the country and were thus at risk of poverty, if not already poor.<sup>10</sup> \n\n## **Employability", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ldren in the relevant ages, households are offered the program based on their poverty score index in a proxy means test system known as _SISBEN_ .\n\nThe _SISBEN_ poverty index score is constructed with information from a  >>> registry of the poor <<< . This register, through household level interviews, collects information on households\u2019 demographics, structure, durable goods, housing characteristics, human capital, labor force participation, income, and access to basic services. The poverty index score is calculated with an ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "registry of the poor", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "suggests that a 4 percent depreciation is rather on the low side.\n\nColumn 3 includes the capital stock estimate built with  >>> disaggregated investment data <<<  originally constructed to compute the quality index for capital. This series is robustly correlated with growth. The long-run elasticities for physical and human capital are slightly higher than with the standard estimate of the capital stock. Due to the limited number of observ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated investment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "just income and consumption to 2000 domestic values. Furthermore, the values in the household surveys were converted to international dollars in year 2000 using the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) factor obtained from the  >>> Penn World Tables <<< . A correction factor was also applied to the population weights to make the population level consistent to year 2000.\n\nIn the updated GIDD model, the values for 2000 were updated to 2005 using updated population and 2005PPP factor. Also, the mean income at the country level was ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Penn World Tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Note : Data is extracted from the  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<< . Number of Observations: 6,395<br><!-- End of picture text --> Firms in Colombia and Peru are the most negatively affected by the hypothetical loss in external financing. Both countries see a reduction of their median survival time by over one month, going from about 4 months (1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "9. However, phone surveys are often subject to coverage and non-response bias that can compromise the representativeness of the sample and the external validity of the estimates obtained from the survey. Using data from  >>> high-frequency phone surveys <<<  in Ethiopia, Malawi, Nigeria, and Uganda, this study investigates the magnitude and source of biases present in these four surveys and explores the effectiveness of techniques applied to reduce bias. Varying levels of coverage and non-response bias are found in all four countrie", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "high-frequency phone surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the government to reimburse the banks for the subsequent \"duty losses\". Their losses are a major source of liquidity risk to the banking system.\n\nThe rest of the paper is organized in three main parts. First, we analyze  >>> capital flows data <<<  and the determinants of capital flows and their impact on the real sectors of the economy. Seconcl, we consider macroeconomic management issues relating to capital flows. Thirdly, we review the interactions of capital flows with the financial sector. Section II presents the basi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "capital flows data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "According to  >>> information collected from respective Subproject woreda health offices <<< , a total of **_717_** health personnel having different health related training and education reported to found in all Subproject impact woredas in 2021. Out of the total health personnel about **26.6%** of them were providing health related service in Arsi-Robe woreda. In contr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "information collected from respective Subproject woreda health offices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ve answers to FIES questions in the pre-outbreak data by country and uses survey weights to standardize the variable such that its mean is zero and standard deviation is one.<sup>7</sup> Following a similar process, the  >>> post-outbreak data <<<  are standardized by country across all data rounds. As such, the standardization process facilitates comparison between preand post-outbreak data and across country by ensuring our measure of food insecurity is as similar as possible over time and across countries. This allows f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "post-outbreak data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>in the ana<br>ey. Sampl|1095<br>lysis.<br>e is|\n\nTable I present summary statistics (mean and standard deviation) of the variables used in the analysis. These variables are available in the first three rounds of the  >>> Peruvian Young Lives Survey <<< . Sample is restricted to children with available information on maternal mental health in 2002 and PPVT scores in 2006 and 2009. A detailed description of the rest of variables is presented in Appendix section.\n\n26", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Peruvian Young Lives Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he labor income and consumption channels using the Tunisia household budget survey conducted in 2015 entitled _Enqu\u00eate Nationale sur le Budget, la Consommation et le Niveau de Vie des M\u00e9nages_ (henceforth referred to as  >>> EBCNV 2015 <<< ). The objective of this analysis is three-fold: first, to assess the pre-COVID situation in order to identify and profile the subgroups of population that are most vulnerable to getting infected by COVID-19 and impacted by the associated government measures; second, to simulate ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EBCNV 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " over the last decade. Our paper is an attempt to contribute to this debate, using evidence from two rounds of IHDS panel data that cover the period 2005 to 2012, which show trends roughly comparable with those from the  >>> official data sources <<<  for similar years. This paper attempts to understand the broad directions of changes from a household perspective that have led to the observed poverty decline.\n\nFour main findings are important to highlight. First, increase in labor earnings\u2014which was most rapid among those in ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "official data sources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of disaggregated data (presented in Table 2), are summarized in Table 4. At the developing world level, for instance, the welfare gains would be 2.39%, instead of the 2.50% obtained when we use disaggregated data; using  >>> aggregate data <<<  thus leads to an underestimation of the average gains across countries by approximately 4 percentage points.\n\nFor individual countries the biases are much larger and can be positive (in 25 countries) or negative (29 countries). The average absolute difference between average gai", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "aggregate data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "by an unskilled operative at a non-exporting firm.\n\nFrom the  >>> detailed employment records of the ENIA <<< , we define the following production activities or tasks: management (directors), administrative services (accountants, lawyers), production services (engineers, blue-collar workers), and general maintenance services (unskilled non-production workers). We define skills according ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "detailed employment records of the ENIA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ction - should be the guide.\n\n**Figure 6: Combined investment climate measures**\n\nSource: BEEPS II, PICS 2003 Serbia\n\n# **Policy implications for entry, privatization and exit**\n\nAs presented above, the results from the  >>> international survey <<<  show that privately-owned firms, whether privatized or new private,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "international survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nnial crops**<br>**Impacted(in %)**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Mana|64|31.5|4,648|22.5|\n|Limu Kosa|115|56.7|14,277|69.2|\n|Limu Genet|11|5.4|861|4.2|\n|Limu Seqa|13|6.4|846|4.1|\n|**Total**|203|100.0|20,632|100.0|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties <<< , (December 2024 \u2013 January 2025)_ \n\n\n\n\n\nPage 94", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in the longer term by looking at the average effect of exposure to the conflict as a whole. We focus on primary schooling because most individuals in Timor Leste (65 percent) have at most only primary school education ( >>> TLSS 2007 <<< b). The empirical study is based on two cross-sectional household surveys: the Timor Leste Living Standard Measurement Surveys (TLSS), conducted in 2001 and 2007, jointly by the National Statistics Directorate in Timor Leste and the World Bank. They are both nationally representa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TLSS 2007", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "consensus about, and scant empirical evidence of, a \u201cclash of liberalizations\u201d. We provide evidence of such a clash during the last multilateral trade round by applying  >>> product-level protection data <<<  to estimate a model of the interaction of preferential and multilateral liberalization.\n\nMost of the early theory analyzing the effect of PTAs on MTL assumed that MTL implied free trade. So the research focused on the effect of PTAs on a binary choice between free trade and no M", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "product-level protection data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s, MENA countries have significantly lower scores than both upper middle and high-income countries. Two governance values identified to be very relevant for MENA are inclusion and accountability (World Bank, 2003a). The  >>> WGI Voice and Accountability indicator <<<  is very closely aligned to these two values. Indeed, the MENA region ranks lower than any other in this indicator. Moreover, among all size WGI indicators, the MENA region has the lowest scores in Voice and Accountability.\n\nFigure 6 (in the Appendix) illustrates WGI rankings giv", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WGI Voice and Accountability indicator", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "okyo<br>ShanghaiBeijing<br>2000<br>City income in 2015, log scale<br>Density (population per sq. km of floor space), log scale<br>500 1000 5000 10000 20000 40000<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Analysis based on  >>> DLR WSF 3D data set <<<  The FAPD in Figure 8b is a reasonable indicator of livability. Hong Kong\u2019s FAPD is in line with that of a highincome city like London or Tokyo. FAPDs for low-income cities such as Kinshasa and Mumbai are also lower than their na\u00efve population densities, with the correction makin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DLR WSF 3D data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " providers. \n\n\n\nCase Summary \n\n|Type of affected structure vs*|||C|ases|||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Classification of the structure|V|alid|Mi|ssing|T|otal|\n||N|%|N|%|N|%|\n||609|95.2%|31|4.8%|640|100.0%|\n\n\n\nSource:  >>> Field Survey <<<  \n\nTowards effective implementation of the proposed Project, services would be interrupted. One worth mentioning is power supply. On some of the routes identified for upgrading as per Project terms, are electricity poles and a flood light. Their respective numbers, and by road to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Field Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "UNCTAD value is missing; otherwise, we use the  >>> UNCTAD data <<< .<sup>29</sup> This approach of rescaling the UNCTAD data to the CDIS data results in aggregate values that are consistent over time and similar to the country-level aggregates reported in Lane and Milesi-Ferretti (2018).\n\nThe treatment of zeros and missing values in the combined", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNCTAD data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". In Table 2, column 7, we argued that satisfying the exclusion restriction requires controlling for GDP proxies and  >>> climatic data <<< . We therefore added rainfall and nighttime light intensity variables as controls, and averaged these variables over the same time span as for the instrument, 1995-2010. We use 2014 averages instead to measure values of GDP and rainfall that are contemporaneous with the dependent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "climatic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " other taxable entities/ tax bases. For example, 45 percent of people in Sub Saharan Africa do not have an official proof of identity (World Bank, 2022), and majority of lower income countries have sparse and inaccurate  >>> taxpayer databases <<<  (Nyanga, 2021).<sup>1</sup> Many contexts are reminiscent of Scott\u2019s (1999) description of the premodern state as \u201cin many crucial respects, partially blind; it knew precious little about its subjects, their wealth, their landholdings and yields, their location, their very ident", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "taxpayer databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " which detail the estimated population per 100 square meters.<sup>15</sup> WorldPop has also produced gridded poverty estimates at a 1 kilometer resolution for a small number of countries using a similar method based on  >>> household survey data <<< . In collaboration with the Flowminder Foundation, WorldPop is now beginning to integrate CDR-derived features into the same framework. While relatively little information has been published on this approach, it has the advantage of being able to incorporate all of the relevant d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "source of household self-reported incomes, with sufficient sample size and detailed demographic information. As a result, we base our analysis on EU-SILC data to estimate true income.\n\n**Another primary concern with the  >>> labor income data <<<  in the EU-SILC is the lack of information on monthly incomes; to overcome this, we perform the analysis with annual income estimates rather than monthly.** The income information is only obtainable every year and does not correspond to the same period as the labor market status ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " LeoneMalawi ZambiaKenyaBenin Gambia, TheCambodiaCameroonLesothoVanuatu Equatorial Guinea<br>20 Ethiopia MaliChad Uganda<br>Burundi Burkina Faso<br>Niger<br>0<br>6 7 8 9 10 11 12<br>Log of per capita GDP, 2000 (PPP$)<br> >>> Gross secondary enrollment rate <<< , 2002 or most recent year<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n6. However, it is the package of ERfKE II reforms aimed at enhancing education quality (largely Components 1 through 4 but also including some aspects of Component 5) that are most critical to assess for Jordan. As shown", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gross secondary enrollment rate", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "en the best hospitals in developing countries and those in developed countries. Second, since Vanbreda\u2019s clients abroad are mainly international organizations that have citizens from industrial countries on staff, their  >>> claims data from foreign countries <<<  reflects prices of procedures in the best hospitals in that country, thereby mitigating the quality differentials concern. While these implicit quality controls are imperfect, no superior alternative was feasible given the lack of data on quality of care in developing countries.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "claims data from foreign countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "CS 2016/2017_NE MICS 2016/2017_NW<br>MICS 2016/2017_SE MICS 2016/2017_SS MICS 2016/2017_SW MICS 2016/2017_SE MICS 2016/2017_SS MICS 2016/2017_SW<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# c)\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> GHS Wave 1-4 <<<  and MICS 2016/17.\n\nNote: Individuals with missing age were dropped from the analysis. Total refers to all individuals with known age.\n\nThe below Figures 8 and 9 show the existence of an enormous heterogeneity in educational deprivation between states. In Bauchi 50% of the childr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS Wave 1-4", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "redit Growth|Real GNP Growth|Difference|\n|1992|14.3%|6.4%|7.9%|\n|1993|15.3%|8.1%|7.2%|\n|1994|-32.0%|-6.1%|-25.9%|\n|1995|44.0%|8.0%|36.0%|\n|1996|27.7%|7.1%|20.6%|\n|1997|22.5%|8.0%|14.5%|\n\nSource: own calculation based on  >>> IFS <<< .\n\n21 The level of non-performing loans was reported to have increased sharply during 1998, as a consequence of adverse economic conditions.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on estimate cause-specific mortality rates by age, gender and country in 2012 has been reviewed, analysed and utilised in parts of this review to highlight relevant indicative findings on dangers and injuries. Although  >>> global estimate data <<<  is a vital \n\n> 4 Myanmar Rakhine State (2012), Philippines Central Mindanao (2014), Philippines Typhoon Bhopal (2013), Kurdistan Region of Iraq (2014), OPT Gaza (2014). \n\n> 5 Ethiopia Gambella (2014), Tunisia (2011), South Central Somalia (2011), Thailand Flooding (2012), Yemen ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "global estimate data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "77|398|575|9.1|\n|1993EC (2000/2001)|305|445|750|11.5|\n|1994 EC (2001/2002)|235|522|757|11.3|\n|1995EC (2002/2003)|298|526|824|11.9|\n|1996EC (2003/2004)|379|532|911|13.2|\n|1997EC (2004/2005)|356|874|1,230|16.8|\n\n\n\nSource:  >>> Health and Health Related Indicators <<<  \u2013 Ministry of Finance and Economic Development \n\n36. A Health Care Financing Strategy was developed by the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) and endorsed by the Council of Ministers in 1998 E.C (2005/06 G.C). The strategy aims to increase resources to the health sector, improve ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Health and Health Related Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ent, the role of the government at all levels will need to be reoriented towards creating a more enabling environment for enhancing economic activities and growth. \n\n## C. **Urban Sector Overview** \n\n1.05 While the 1989  >>> Kenya Demographic and Health Survey <<<  indicates that population growth rates may have peaked and entered a period of decline, Kenya still has a high natural population growth rate and one of the highest rates of urbanization in the world. In the decade 1979-89, the urban population grew by over 5.1% p.a., compared t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Kenya Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " needed to sustain these gains and further improve basic services. Variations in both access and quality remain across regions and woredas, with some areas experiencing significantly lower coverage than what is shown in  >>> national statistics <<< . The rapid expansion in service delivery over the past years also means that additional resources are needed to ensure that quality is maintained and further enhanced. Extension of PBS, which has proven an efficient instrument since", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "* and of the Project's financial position as at that date. The Commissioner General, Kenya Revenue Authority and Project Coordinator for Horn of Africa Gateway Development Project further confirm the completeness of the  >>> accounting records <<<  maintained for the Project, which have been relied upon in the preparation of the Project financial statements as well as the adequacy of the systems of internal financial control. The Commissioner General, Kenya Revenue Authority and Project Coordinator for Horn of Africa Gatew", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stigated is how the observed income distribution at the place of origin compares to a counterfactual scenario without migration and remittances. Barham and Boucher (1998) study this issue using cross-section data from a  >>> survey of households <<<  in a Nicaraguan town with a long history of migration. To build the counterfactual scenario, the authors impute the earnings migrants would have had if they had remained in town, and what other family members\u2019 decisions would be as regards labor participation. They then use the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "abase of the World Bank (Bown 2010), roughly 4,500 AD petitions have been filed in the last 20 years by more than 40 countries.\n\nThis study empirically examines the pricing effect of AD duties using highly disaggregated  >>> firm-level Brazilian export data <<< . First, we examine the effect of AD duties that are imposed on Brazilian exporters on the export prices that they charge in their trading partners\u2019 markets. Second, we investigate the effect of potential (retaliatory) AD measures on the export prices of products that Brazilian f", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm-level Brazilian export data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Problem thinking<br>skills<br>Interpersonal and Numeracy or math solving/critical Managerial and leadership skills Foreign languages<br>Job-specific technical communication skills<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> Enterprise Survey data <<< , authors 21", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "015 **I** report, based on my audit, that: \n\n- i. **I** have obtained all the information and explanations which, to the best of my knowledge and belief, were necessary for the purpose of the audit. \n\n- **ii.** Adequate  >>> accounting records <<<  have been kept **by** the Project, so far as appears from the examination of those records; and, \n\n- **iii.**", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", Al-Saiedi, Coughlin & Vinck 2021), social (Stevens 2016), and political stress on these communities (Carrillo 2009).\n\nWe examine when and why displacees become politically and socially engaged by analyzing a number of  >>> surveys of IDPs <<<  and relevant comparison groups in Iraq, the Philippines, and Uganda.<sup>4</sup> We collected these surveys in a series of projects between 2005 and 2019 analyzing the political, social, and health consequences of large scale forced displacement crises within each case. By bring", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "surveys of IDPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "beralized their economies, but seems less directly related to trade _per se_ than to greater skill biased technology flows common around the world.\n\n**_The emerging jobs seem desirable._** Though sample sizes are small,  >>> surveys of _maquila_ workers <<<  suggest these jobs are as attractive (see for example, Sargent and Matthews 1999) or more so than alternatives and Feenstra and Hanson report (1996) that such firms tend to demand more in terms of skills than other industries.  Employees in the flower industry in Ecuador and the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "surveys of _maquila_ workers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of governance is constant or not. We take this issue up in Section 5.3 where we show that there is little evidence of trends over time in global averages of governance as measured by the  >>> WGI data sources <<< , implying that the relative changes observed in the baseline WGI estimates also correspond to absolute changes.\n\n# 5. Methodological Issues\n\nIn this section we explore in greater depth three potential issues with the WGI source data and aggregate indicators. We first consider th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WGI data sources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " We go on to explore how rural access might be optimally increased via a sequential road upgrading strategy.\n\nIn this paper, we build on the approach developed by (Iimi et al., 2016) and use road networks extracted from  >>> OpenStreetMap <<<  (OSM) for 166 countries, to assess road access globally. Population data for these countries is, similar to Limi et al. (2016), taken from WorldPop.<sup>1</sup> We find that while most European countries have an RAI close to 100 percent, most developing countries are below 60 pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OpenStreetMap", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ogarithm of GDP per capita (\u201c _log (GDPpercapita)_ \u201d)<sup>7</sup> and the \u201cage\u201d of the firm, given by the difference between the year of the survey and the year in which a firm began operations (\u201c _age_ \u201d).\n\nWe obtained  >>> data for cultural dimensions <<<  from Geert Hofstede\u2019s website, which includes six dimensions: long-term orientation, individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, and indulgence. We focus on five dimensions to explore their influence on the relationship between technology and ethical pract", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for cultural dimensions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "comes from the Federal Reserve Bank, National Monetary Statistics. From 1942 onwards, we retrieve 3-month US bills returns from the Center for Research in Security Prices (CRSP). CSRP calculates total returns based on a  >>> comprehensive database of historical US bills <<< . In each month, a representative Treasury bill is selected that is closest to the target maturity.\n\n### <u>US Treasury bonds, monthly, since 1815</u>\n\nThe long-term US Treasury bond return index is from GFD and constructed using data by Homer (1967) and Martin (1886) for the yea", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "comprehensive database of historical US bills", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "223|643|264|632|261|\n|r2_w|0.373|0.491|||||||\n|r2_b|0.031|0.012|||||||\n|r2_o|0.009|0.033|||||||\n|rho|0.751|0.873|||||||\n\nNotes: This table reports panel regressions with individual firm fixed effects for the El Salvador  >>> COV-ES data <<< . Columns 3 through 8 report marginal effects from logistic regressions. Sampling weights from the ES are used. Standard errors are shown in parenthesis. All standard errors are clustered at survey strata, and *, **, *** denotes the significance level at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respecti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COV-ES data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "survey data until a new survey becomes available. Specifically, we use the  >>> survey data of 1999 <<<  for years 1996 to 2001, the survey data of 2002 for years 2002 to 2004, and the survey data of 2005 for years 2005 to 2009.\n\nWe consider three groups of bank regulation/institutional variables. The first group of regulatory variables is related to state policies that enable or r", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data of 1999", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "C, the sample consists of secondgeneration refugees and natives\u2019 offspring born in 1923-1950. Standard errors in parentheses. *** _p <_ 0.01, ** _p <_ 0.05, * _p <_ 0.1; Source: Author\u2019s elaboration on the 1928 and 2001  >>> Greek population censuses <<<  and European Social Survey (ESS).\n\n29", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Greek population censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he church compound free of occupants is limited to 258 households. According to this study there are about 1,300 people living in these houses. A summary of the data on the ouses is presented in Table 1.. \n\n**Table 1.**  >>> Basic data on houses in the church compound <<<  \n\n> 3 Lalibela Town Municipal Services Office (2000 EC) \u201cLalibela Betekristian kitir gibi yebetoch tinatawi mereja ena waga gimit\u201d Amharic document prepared to request budget for the 2001 EC budget year from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. The topic of the document could be", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Basic data on houses in the church compound", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istication (GBF, column 2, and SSBF, column 3). In all three cases we find strong positive associations between the FAT and the RAIS variables.\n\nSecond, we compare the differences between labor-related indicators from a  >>> matched employer-employee administrative data <<<  for firms in FAT versus the universe of firms. To perform this comparisons we obtained the weighted average for firms in FAT, using the weights we constructed as described in section A3 and compare it with the average for all 110", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "matched employer-employee administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Trends in vaccination coverage** \n\nAccording to the 2000 and 2005  >>> DHS <<< , vaccination coverage has improved over the past five years. The percentage of children age 12-23 months fully vaccinated at the time of the survey increased by 43 percent from 14 percent in 2000 to 20 percent in 2005. However, the percentage who had received none of the six bas", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "This paper\u2019s empirical analysis uses  >>> intra-daily exchange rate data <<<  from 2004 to 2009. Because the BCRP\u2019s interventions are always made public at the end of its official participation in the foreign exchange market, we are able to differentiate between the effect of past information of interventions and expectations of future interventions on th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "intra-daily exchange rate data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fy and correct for these responses, whether they are generated by social or political factors.\n\n# **3.  Research Design, Data and Analysis**\n\nTo explore the relationship between investment and corruption, we utilize the  >>> Bangladesh Business Confidence Survey <<<  from the 4<sup>th</sup> Quarter of 2009. This business confidence survey was conducted on a quarterly basis from the first quarter of 2009 to the first quarter of 2010 by the Bangladesh Investment Climate Fund involving leading Bangladeshi survey research firms<sup>4</sup> . The", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bangladesh Business Confidence Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and misappropriation of existing) economic and financial resources exacerbates these structural barriers and renders local government unable to ensure access to services and provide security and safety. According to the  >>> Corruption Perception Index <<< , South Sudan ranks last among 180 countries monitored and its public sector is perceived as highly corrupt<sup>15</sup> . \n\nGovernment expenditure on health services amounts to only 6.04% of the GDP.<sup>16</sup> An estimated 43% of counties have one primary healthcare centre pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Corruption Perception Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\n* = 2000 DHS and ** = 2005 DHS \n\nThe Potential Health Service coverage is the percentage of population within 10 km of a MOH or NGO health facility (Health Center, Health Station or Health Post). \n\n6. According to the  >>> HHRI - 1997 EC <<< , the life expectancy at birth was only 48 in 2004/05 (1997 EC). The reasons for the decrease in the life expectancy at birth from 54 to 48 over the last three years are not clear but may be related to the increased mortality among the young due to AIDS. Also, increasing access t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HHRI - 1997 EC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "canton of allocation and socio-demographic characteristics. Once an asylum seeker has obtained a residence permit other than permit N (asylum seekers) or F (provisionally admitted foreigners), he or she is registered in  >>> ZAR <<<  (Zentrales Ausl\u00e4nderregister). This longitudinal dataset is also coming from the SEM. The ZAR dataset includes all foreigners residing in Switzerland and contains similar information than AUPER. We are combining these two datasets with the yearly population census data that incl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ZAR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eed to be endorsed by the regulators (CBK and SASRA) with a view to ensure responsible lending practices, product designs and pricing. The partnerships between the PFIs and MNOs will enable financial institutions to use  >>> MNO data <<<  in line with the Data Protection Act of 2019 to evaluate micro and small businesses\u2019 willingness and capacity to repay loans. The use of digital data would also facilitate the identification of struggling but viable firms that need \n\n> 41 A total of KES 604.4 billion (29 percent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MNO data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tary certificate and an export license, which is needed for each transaction, before exporting (Nathan Associates, 2002). The certificate for quality and the sanitary and phytosanitary both require inspections. Only the  >>> survey for Zambia <<<  asked specific questions about export licenses and permits. About 52 percent of exporters in Zambia reported that they needed export licenses, with about 90 percent of these reporting that they needed a license for each consignment (as opposed to getting a license that covered a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey for Zambia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ndicators using the full (unweighted) samples. Estimates of the between-survey differences in the main indicators for all four specifications are included in Appendix C.\n\n# Conclusion\n\nGiven the opportunity to compare a  >>> Facebook survey <<<  to an in-person survey covering conflict exposure and potentially associated socio-economic and mental health outcomes in the West Bank and Gaza over a similar time period, we found that the Facebook survey consistently estimated more severe outcomes for a variety of indicators.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Facebook survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ta household non-agricultural income and consumption from EMOP and then calculate commune-level poverty measures and the Gini coefficient as a measure of inequality from the consumption data. One important caveat on the  >>> EMOP income data <<<  is that it captures non-agricultural household income rather than total household income. The EMOP questionnaires are structured in a way that is more suitable to collect data on income with stable flows. We believe that this likely ignores most agricultural income. In fact, abo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMOP income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 5904\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis is the first paper to build a comprehensive empirical picture of power pricing practices across Sub-Saharan Africa, based on a new  >>> database of tariff structures <<<  in 27 countries for the years 2004\u20132008.\n\nUsing a variety of quantitative indicators, the paper evaluates the performance of electricity tariffs against four key policy objectives: recovery of historic power production costs, efficient signaling of future power production costs,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of tariff structures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ers in September 2008). Early award of tenders to foreign suppliers allowed fertilizer delivery at the port in. February-April 2009 and regional warehouses in April-June 2009. Stakeholders in the field stressed, and the  >>> impact evaluation survey <<<  confirmed, that fertilizer was overwhelmingly available before the rains. The timely delivery of fertilizer appears to have significantly improved under the project The establishment of a monitoring system under the project also seems to have helped authorities improve the timel", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "impact evaluation survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "son of \u201cpredicted\u201d consumption in _t-k_ with the actual consumption in period _t_ forms the basis of the analysis of mobility, particularly movement in and out of poverty.\n\nTo write more formally, consider two rounds of  >>> cross sectional surveys <<<  (denoted as rounds 1 and 2) and let \ufffd\ufffd and \ufffd\ufffdbe the corresponding consumption for the two rounds (these are consumption for household _i_ , but we suppress those subscripts). For a given poverty line, say, _z_ , we are interested in estimating (a) the fraction of poor households", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cross sectional surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "positive (negative) correlation between the change in tax rates and real GDP indicates a countercyclical (procyclical) tax policy stance. Furthermore, to capture the overall cyclical behavior of taxes in each country, a  >>> tax index <<<  is constructed, which comprises a weighted average of the three tax rates (weighting on their respective share of tax revenue).\n\n# Ti = CITi \u2217 WeightCIT + PITi \u2217 WeightPIT + VATi \u2217 WeightVAT\n\nWhen analyzing the three main taxes included in the tax index, it appears that Argentin", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ditional public sector financing and Word Bank value added are presented through a quantitative assessment. \n\n52. **Cost benefit analysis** : Based on the analysis of available documentations (power sector master plans,  >>> data from Ethiopia Electricity Utility <<< , MTF survey, among others) and technical working sessions with program\u2019s stakeholders, an update to the economic analysis of the parent program was carried out for the economic evaluation (or standard cost-benefit analysis) under Results Area 1 which includes 878,008 grid connec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from Ethiopia Electricity Utility", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " estimates from countries of return. In addition, the full details of the changes in the refugee population in industrialized countries are often not known.</mark> Voluntary repatriation* shows a best estimate, based on  >>> country of asylum and country of origin reports <<< . \n\n||Population s|tart-2006||Incr|eases durin|g2006||||De|creases d|uring200|6|||Population|end-2006|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||Spont.|arrivals||||Voluntaryre|patriation*|Resettl|ement|||||||\n|Origin|Total|_of which:_<br>_UNHCR", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country of asylum and country of origin reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "MDE credit.** Subject to a number of assumptions and caveats associated with the limited availability of granular data, the computations attempt to get a suggestive estimate of the effects of the deleveraging, using the  >>> regional credit distribution of European banks <<<  under various scenarios. Starting from the situation where European banks collectively have \u20ac1.64 billion of EMDE credit, or about 7.3 percent of their total loan portfolio (table 1, figure 21),<sup>18</sup> we consider two deleveraging objectives: (i) a short-term objective, to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "regional credit distribution of European banks", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l work<br>4%<br>2% higher salary<br>0% employment<br>vulnerable average vulnerable average vulnerable average vulnerable average<br>2014 2015 2016 2017<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> HSS data <<< .\n\nIf we aggregate the responses on well\u2010being improvement and worsening related to employment and wages, we can see that the effect of employment during the crisis was quite small, while wage dynamics contributed much to the deterioration of well\u2010being of the population (Figure ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ience & Technology|0.1272<br>(0.3333)|0.1234<br>(0.3289)|0.6346|0.0039|0.0083|\n|Social Sciences|0.2401|0.3125|0.0000|-0.0723|-0.1147|\n|Observations|(0.4272<br>3419|(0.4636)<br>3194||||\n\n_Source_ : Own calculations using  >>> NUL students\u2019 records data <<<  for the academic", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NUL students\u2019 records data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of operational cost recovery<br>percentage of countries percentage of countries<br>cost cost<br>0%- 30% 30%-50% 50%-80% 80%-99% recovery 0%- 30% 30%-50% 50%-80% 80%-99% recovery<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_  >>> Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Power Tariff Database <<<  <!-- Start of picture text --> Figure 13. Household billing as a share of total power billing<br>a. Composition of annual billing per type of customer b. Residential share of billing and consumption<br>80<br>100%<br>90%<br>80%<br>70%<br>60% 60<br>50%<br>40%<br>30%<br>20% 40<br>1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic Power Tariff Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e trade and income of these two countries as well as on third countries under different scenarios.<sup>13</sup> The simulations are based on a global dynamic computable general equilibrium model, Linkage, which uses the  >>> GTAP database <<<  (Freund, Ferrantino, Maliszewska, and Ruta, 2018). The model tracks historical GDP growth, trade balances and investment up to 2019 and then projects the developments in the global economy up to 2025. The commitments of China to buy more U.S. goods and services as per the text o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GTAP database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for FDI in the services sector in Indonesia with the intensities with which manufacturers relied on inputs from services sub-sectors \u2013 obtained from input-output tables. Then, we combined that restrictiveness index with  >>> firm-level data <<<  for over 20,000 Indonesian manufacturers, over the period 1997-2009, to understand the extent to which changes in service sector restrictiveness affected manufacturers\u2019 TFP, and to shed light on which service sectors are particularly important for manufacturing productivity, whi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ons. The MOLSA-PMT, in contrast, uses continuous per capita consumption as the outcome variable in a postLasso procedure and has separate models for each region. The SEVAT, which replaced the Legacy-VA and uses the 2018  >>> Multi-Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) survey <<< , is more similar to the MOLSA-PMT. Both have regional models and estimate household per capita consumption per month as a dependent variable.\n\nThe variables included in the three targeting models \u2013 MoLSA, Legacy-VA, and SEVAT equally differ (Figure 1). The MOLSA-PMT variables ar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Multi-Cluster Needs Assessment (MCNA) survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f inputs for production of each sector and (ii) the\n\n> 3 OECD input-output tables are available for 63 countries (all 36 OECD countries and a variety of other countries including several developing countries). Since our  >>> monthly trade data <<<  cover exports for an additional 158 countries with no OECD input-output tables, we assign to each of those countries the input-output table from the country that is most similar in terms of three dimensions: level of development captured by GDP per capita, size captured by popul", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monthly trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ses that the demand can be met in this way. There is therefore great potential for development of cultivation of many species outside the forest, with technical and financial assistance from the Trust. \n\n   - (4) DAIRY:  >>> Surveys carried out before and during project preparation <<<  identified dairy production as a major area of interest among local communities. The TAU would consult on dairy proposals with CARE/DTC and Heifer International, which are active in this field in the Trust area. Dairy projects (like horticulture)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Surveys carried out before and during project preparation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to do the reverse as the  >>> EUSILC <<<  gathers more extensive information on individual characteristics, household wellbeing, and social protection programs. EU-SILC data contains a richer set of information and is therefore more attractive as a recipient dataset. Nevertheless, the European Commission (2014) recommen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EUSILC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d for the years 2015 and 2019 and for AI in the year 2019. Again we assume zero adoption in 2007 for both. Worker-level estimation of the demand for data workers and total investment at the firm level takes advantage of  >>> annual data <<<  for the years 2007 to 2013 and 2007 to 2019 (inclusive).\n\nTable 2 below provides summary statistics of the main variables and time periods we use in the main body of the paper. For the period up to 2013 our data show that 28% of firms in our sample use cloud, but that this varie", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "by the rules of the program are ineligible to the transfer but who reside in households with younger participant children.\n\nIdentification of program impacts is derived from two different empirical strategies that use a  >>> panel of household surveys <<< , a census of the poor and administrative data from 3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel of household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-35- \n\n#####  >>> BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROJECTIONS <<< , 1980-1986, 1991 \n\n(US$ million) \n\n||Actutal|Prelim<br> <br>Est.|||Proje|ction|||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||1980|1981|1982|1983|1984|1985|1986|1991|\n|Imports|2632.5|2294.4|2260.8|<br>2573.6|2910.1|3282.2|3610.0|6008.9|\n|Exports|1242.4|1008.3|1114.7|1259.2|1424.2|<b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BALANCE OF PAYMENTS PROJECTIONS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orts of goods and services<br>Gross national-product|..<br>**1.8**|6.3<br> <br>7.1|13.0<br>9.8|2.0<br>6.0|Exports<br>-- Imports|\n\n\n\n1/13/99 \n\nNote: 1997 data are preliminary estimates. \n\nThis table was produced from the  >>> Development Economics central database <<< . \n\ntThe diamonds show four key indicators in the country (in bold) compared with its income-group average. **If** data are missing, the diamond will be incomplete.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Development Economics central database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ross all rounds, we also briefly describe the results from the sample attrition analysis.\n\n# **2.1 Data**\n\n# **_A. Description_**\n\nTo measure the effects of MMH on child development, we use the first three rounds of the  >>> Young Lives Peru Survey <<<  (YL), conducted by the University of Oxford with core-funding from the UK Department for International Development.<sup>7</sup> This is a rich longitudinal survey that includes a complete set of individual, parental, household and community characteristics, including early devel", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Young Lives Peru Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation (ha)|19.74|11.72|28.42|42.02|171.51|\n|Mapped area (ha)|26.22|10.19|30.98|67.62|441.35|\n|Cultivated area (ha)|9.71|7.08|13.19|18.06|51.47|\n|Number of farms|6,703|5,010|1,221|325|147|\n\n_Source:_ Own computation from  >>> 2020 Zambia Eastern Province Farm Survey <<<  _Note:_<sup>a</sup> Information was collected only from owner respondents. Only 3% of farms expanded their farm size (via rental or sale) after establishment and at 1% of land acquired initially, the extent of such expansion remained limited.\n\n19", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2020 Zambia Eastern Province Farm Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the global economy and enhance their employability. This is of particular concern to the young population of labor entrants, who compete for a few jobs. Unemployment in mid-2008 was 13.3 percent according to the latest  >>> Economic Monitoring Report <<<  (EMR), with one-third of the unemployed being under 24. As for the gender gap, women in Jordan have a very low labor market participation rate \u2013 currently at below 15 percent \u2013 which is at odds with their achievement of full parity in secondary enrollment and their high enrolmen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Economic Monitoring Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "transformation of the market. When firewood sales decreased, wood sellers sought a competing fuel that was cheaper and easier to transport than firewood, and that could compete with gas in terms of ease of use. However,  >>> users surveyed by UNHCR <<<  still rated gas as their preferred fuel. \n\n### Potential for replication \n\nIn the first 15 months alone, the full amount of EU funding for SEED (around \u20ac2 million) was recovered in savings from fuel purchases by people living in the region. This income boost to Diffa supports ot", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "users surveyed by UNHCR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Table 3.5 WSS Tariffs, Cost Recovery, and Access for Selected Countries**\n\nGPP per capita World Bank, 2008  >>> World Development Indicators <<< .\n\n|**Water charges**|Brazil|China|France|Philippines|Turkey|UK|Spain|India|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Tariff (in $US/m3, 2001) without<br>sanitation|0.39|0.2|1.23|0.2|0.3-1.0|1.18|0.57|0.01-0.09|\n|% Recover|||||||||\n|* O&M|~100%|not recover|75-100%|Low cost recovery", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ir VAT system should be very cautious\n\n> 1 VAT revenue comprises almost 33% of total tax revenue, on average, in low-income countries, as compared to around 21%, on average, in OECD countries. (3-year average 2019-2021;  >>> Government Finance Statistics Database <<< , 2023).\n\n3", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Government Finance Statistics Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "etary compensation shall be provided fifteen times the price of the average yield of crops obtained from the land and added up the cost spend for land improvement. The crops which are on the affected land at the time of  >>> census survey <<<  have been valued based on the schedules prepared by the Woreda Office of Agriculture for various types of crops and age. \n\n_Valuation of Trees:_ The amount of compensation for trees shall be determined on the basis of various species, the level of growth of the trees and the cur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "14 and 2004-2011.<sup>5</sup> Sample countries include 29 high-income economies and 11 emerging countries. The data for trade in value added come from the  >>> World Input-Output Database <<<  (Timmer et al, 2015) and are processed based on the methodology described by Wang, Wei, Zhu (2015), using an algorithm developed in Quast and Kummritz (2015).\n\nWe present the regression results in a synthetic way, reporting in the table below the average of the country-specific ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Input-Output Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on. However, food production was insufficient even before the onset of the conflict. Only the Greenbelt area of Western Equatoria has excessive food production; while all other states are food deficient.<sup>4</sup> The  >>> patchy trade data <<<  and recent evidence in Cal\u00ec and Varela (2013) suggest that the food deficit in most parts of the country is filled by imports (mainly from Uganda and Sudan) and to a limited extent by domestic trade.\n\nHowever relying on markets for consumption is both costly and perilous in Sout", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "patchy trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "han 15|4.6|9.9|4.2|3.4|6.3|5.6|4.0|8.0|4.7|\n|Age|31.2|28.6|28.3|32.2|27.8|30.7|31.7|28.2|29.2|\n|N|4,008,334|159,712|694,206|4,288,508|172,192|461,990|8,296,842|331,904|1,156,196|\n\n**Source:** For migrants to the US, the  >>> 2000 US Census <<<  and within Mexico, the 2000 Mexican Census.\n\n29", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2000 US Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ented that several key local authorities did not recognize 132 killings occurred in 2012 and the162 killings of 2013. The mechanisms adopted by the institutions to combat impunity were inappropriate. 24 According to the  >>> 2013 ICRC annual report <<< , forced displacement was the result of other humanitarian events. Among them were deaths; life threats; sexual violence; weapons\u2019 contamination (improvised explosive devices, landmines and explosive remnants of war); the theft of goods; and threats of recruiting. The continuity ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2013 ICRC annual report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h combining simulated sample data with publicly available geospatial data improves state and municipal estimates of male and female labor force participation and unemployment rates. Results are compared against the full  >>> 2020 census <<< . The small area estimation procedure greatly improves the accuracy and precision of state level estimates for all four indicators, as well as municipal estimates of male and female labor force participation. This method can therefore be used to obtain more granular information o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2020 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ering in cities. As we have data on heights and can compute floor area, we provide a new measure of floor space adjusted density.\n\n# 3.1 The growth of urban built-up area is slower than has been thought\n\nAnalysis of the  >>> satellite data <<<  show that between 1990 and 2015 the world\u2019s total urban built-up area increased by 66,000 km<sup>2</sup> , or the size of Sri Lanka. Urban built-up area increased from 226,768 km<sup>2</sup> to 294,550 km<sup>2</sup> , a growth of 30 percent. In developing countries, urban built", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "satellite data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in other countries and will thus facilitate benchmarking of the stylized facts for Turkey. To our knowledge, our study uses the most disaggregated HS classification for products among recent empirical studies relying on  >>> exporter-level customs data <<< .<sup>9</sup> Second, Turkey uses the special trade regime which means that customs record the sales from inland to their own free zones/customs warehouses as exports.<sup>10</sup> We drop from our dataset the observations for sales to free zones since\n\n> 6 Note that the data is ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "exporter-level customs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|5.6|7.1|\n|Public spending as a share ofGDP|1.7%|2.7%|2.8%|\n|Public spendinginUS$ percapita|1.7|2.8|3.5|\n|Private spending as a share ofGDP|2.4%|2.8%|2.8%|\n|Private spendinginUS$ percapita|2.4|2.8|3.6|\n\n\n\nSource:  FMOH,  >>> NHAs <<<  \n\n11. At US$7.1 in 2004-2005, per capita health expenditures represent about 5.6% of GDP. Public spending, both from domestic and external sources, is about equal to private spending, a large share of which is private consumption through out-of-pocket spending. In the last five ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NHAs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " been achieved. The economy remains in the bottom group in the World Bank\u2019s income classification, and poverty is high at around 40%. Kenya is among the world\u2019s poorest countries, ranking 152 out of 177 countries on the  >>> 2006 Human Development Index <<< . Kenya has a set goal to become an upper middle-income country by 2030. In 2012, Kenya was a low income country with per capita income of US$840. If is to achieve its Vision 2030 goal of transforming into an upper middle-income country, a rapid and sustained increase in per capi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g offered an interesting context for the VR experiment discussed in this paper. Serving as the commercial hub of Pakistan, Karachi is a megacity of 15 million people who belong to different ethnicities. According to the  >>> 1998 Census <<< , the latest year for which ethnicity information was available at the city level, 48.5 percent of the city\u2019s residents were Urdu speakers (Muhajirs), 13.9 percent were Punjabi speakers (Punjabis), 11.4 percent were Pashto speakers (Pashtuns), 7.2 percent were Sindhi speakers (Si", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1998 Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **3. The Severity of the Pandemic**\n\nWhile the virus has spread rapidly and extensively, the reported  >>> death toll <<<  remains surprisingly concentrated in just a few geographies. As of May 23, the cut-off date for all data in this paper, the death toll has risen to about 340,000 people. That is roughly 2.2 times the number of deaths that we would expect to occur on an average day prior to the p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "death toll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ransmitted infection. Every household has at least lost a member, relative, or a friend to HIV and AIDS. In spite of awareness about the scourge there exist a big gap between knowledge and desired behavioral change. The  >>> National Sero-behavioural Survey <<<  conducted in 2004/2005 puts the prevalence rate at 2.6% for West Nile region of which Moyo District is part. The District has tried to scale up efforts in providing HIV/AIDS services in most of its Health Centers. \n\n#### **_Poverty_** \n\nThe people Moyo view poverty as lack of me", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Sero-behavioural Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ine fair and reasonable levels of compensation or mitigation. \n\n- A census detailing household composition and demography, and other relevant socioeconomic characteristics has been carried out as part of this RAP. \n\nThe  >>> assets inventories <<<  have been used to determine and negotiate entitlements, while the census information is required to monitor homestead re-establishment. The information obtained from the inventories and census will be entered into a database to facilitate resettlement planning, implementation an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "assets inventories", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "at the Total fertility rate for the three years before the current survey is 4.7 children per woman, down from _5.4_ children per woman based on the 1993 KHDS (NCPD, CBS, and MI 1994) and 6.7 children woman based on the  >>> 1989 KHDS <<<  (NCPD and IBD/Macro, 1989). Fertility has fallen recently at every age except amongst the youngest women, age 15-19. \n\nThe 1998 KHDS shows that there has been a steady rise in contraceptive prevalence rates among those aged between 1-49 years. Nearly two-thirds (64%) of currentl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1989 KHDS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "able progress in poverty alleviation as extreme poverty<sup>**2**</sup> declined from 30.8 percent in 2015 to 25.2 percent in 2020, the continuation of this trend remains uncertain **.**<sup>**3**</sup> According to the  >>> Macro Poverty Outlook 2022 <<< , the poverty trajectory is variable due to various offsetting factors. On one hand, armed conflict, persistent droughts in lowland regions, and rising inflation are expected to have driven many people into poverty. On the other hand, growth in other parts of the country is expec", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Macro Poverty Outlook 2022", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "m the four main commercial business information providers in our database: Economist Intelligence Unit, Crisis24, Political Risk Services, and S&P Global, and compare them with two firm surveys (World Economic Forum and  >>> World Competitiveness Report Executive Opinion Surveys <<< ). We focus on these data sources because they are arguably the most homogenous in the sense that they all provide perception of the quality of governance primarily from a business-oriented viewpoint. For each of the six aggregate WGI measures and for every year since 2005, we co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Competitiveness Report Executive Opinion Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll causes of death (CD, NCD and injury) and non-fatal injury to show the proportional burden of injury compared to CD and NCD. The first survey, done in Vietnam in 2001 was called the Vietnam Multi-Centre Injury Survey ( >>> VMIS 2001 <<< ). Subsequent surveys were done in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China (Jiangxi Province, Beijing Capital Region), Philippines and Thailand. \n\n211 Key informant interview 20 \n\n212 IBID \n\n50", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "VMIS 2001", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Start of picture text -->\nAll other services Education<br>Transport & Storage Accommodation & food<br>Wholesale & retail trade Total of services<br>10.0<br>5.0<br>0.0<br>-5.0<br>Source:  World Bank calculations based on  >>> KNBS data <<< <br>(year-on-year, percentage points)<br>Contribution to change in real output<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n3. Accelerated investment in human capital is critical for Kenya\u2019s growth trajectory and its stated objective of being an inclusive Upper-Middle-Income Country (UMIC). ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KNBS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ability to capture this sector's dynamics, challenges, and contributions. Information to identify informal sector workers is available in the EU SILC data; however, the small share of workers earning minimum wage in the  >>> household survey <<<  limits our analysis with the household survey data.\n\n**The administrative tax data set includes relevant income variables, including gross salary, net salary, social security contributions, taxation base, bonuses, vouchers, and COVID-19 incentives.** Data on gross salaries is cr", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|---|---|---|---|\n|Primary|18.0|14.4|1.25|\n|Secondary|13.4|12.9|1.04|\n|Higher|15.1|11.3|1.31|\n\nNote: see Technical Annex A for detail (a) The ratio of private to social rates of return. _Source:_ Staff calculations from  >>> MOL Survey <<<  1993 Table 6 reports the basic Mincerian earnings functions, showing that the overall marginal private rate of return to one year of extra schooling, irrespective of education", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MOL Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istency of inquiry \u2013 by likelihood of asking a prevention-focused question to a startup (H2); or the investors\u2019 assessment of dynamic improvement when evaluating startups (H3).\n\nWe reran the analysis from Stage 1 on the  >>> panel dataset <<<  and found that during the VilCap program (when VilCap provided due diligence questions for trainee investors to use), female founders were equally likely to receive prevention-focused questions as males, so the mechanism could not work as predicted (see Appendix F). Prompting in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mployment in exports for 45 goods and services sectors (based on ISIC Rev. 4 sectors) for over 50 countries for the period 1995-2018. (Appendix 4 describes the underlying computations in more detail). The novel database  >>> Job Activities in Exports <<<  adds the dimension of occupations and is thus able to provide estimates of jobs in exports for sector-occupation combinations which define the so-called activities in exports (Appendix 5 describes the underlying computations for job activities in exports).\n\nOur paper is structur", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Job Activities in Exports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "edical supplies), 38.3 percent on new constructions and rehabilitation of health facilities, 17.8 percent on management and operating costs and on training. The table below shows the expenditure categories, based on the  >>> 2004 audit report <<< . \n\n||**Peri**|**od**||\n|---|---|---|---|\n||**Year ended**<br>**7 July 2004**<br>**Birr**|**30 October 1998**<br>**to 7 July 2004**<br>**Birr**|**%**|\n|**PROJECT EXPENDITURE**||||\n|Feasibility supplies and buildings|56,485,238|282,248,964|(38.3)|\n|Vehicles andmachinery|45,974,072", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2004 audit report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "b Estimation by using the  >>> census data <<<  as benchmarks and link them with the adjusted unemployment data. See Xue & Zhong (2003) for details.\n\nBetween 1996 and 2001, the number of urban and township workers fell from 149 million to 108 million, a net reduction of 41 million or 28%.8 This includes a main drop of 52.5 mi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ners and actors._ \n\n# **Community relations and human rights** \n\nThis analysis covers the period from January to July 2022 and is based on media monitoring, ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project) data, the  >>> monthly human rights early warning report <<<  of the OHCHR<sup>8</sup> (Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights) and the EMM (European Media Monitoring) platform. This analysis is provided in relation to areas of risk to internal security and inter-communal dynamics that may potentially contribute to a deterioratio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monthly human rights early warning report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " plant-month-year observations where fire emissions are observed within 50 km of a power plant.\n\nTo account for other confounding factors, we also include in our dataset several meteorological variables derived from the  >>> Weather for Energy Tracker database <<<  (IEA and CMCC, 2022).<sup>7</sup> These variables provide monthly frequency information and correspond to the mean value observed within 50 km of each power plant. The meteorological variables are: temperature (<sup>_\u25e6_</sup> C at 2m), total precipita-\n\n> 5https://sites.wustl.ed", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Weather for Energy Tracker database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd crossbred animals susceitible to tickborne diseases are usually confined to fenced dairy farms or kept in small enclosures and hand fed on a cut-and-carry basis. This practice of zero grazing is gaining popularity. A  >>> survey by MAIF <<<  of dairy farmers with exotic or cross bred animals shows that 46 percent of these farmers own", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey by MAIF", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "23 \n\n**Figure 7.  Population in Need of Food Aid, 1991/92 to 2009/10** \n\n\n\nSource: Arega 2010 based on  >>> MRMFSS data <<<  \n\n3.18 _The PSNP contributed to improvements to household asset portfolios._ Beneficiaries used income from cash transfers to invest in both farming inputs and livestock.  Households participating in public works increased their livestock holdings by 0.28 Tropical Livestock Unit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MRMFSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "umber of products (total or averaged by firm).\n\n# **3.2 Country-level variables**\n\nExchange rates vis-a-vis the U.S. dollar are yearly averages from the IMF\u2019s International Financial Statistics (IFS) and are deflated by  >>> consumer price indices <<<  to obtain annual real exchange rates (RER). Exchange rates are all expressed in local currency units (LCU) per dollar in the IFS. Let _eot_ and _edt_ , respectively, be the origin and destination countries\u2019 exchange rates in LCU per dollar in year _t_ , and _Pot_ and _Pdt_ their", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumer price indices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ities.<sup>218</sup> The World Bank in its latest _World Development Report_ (2011) provides a wealth of information from which one can see the difficult situation of the country and its people, of whom some 67 percent ( >>> 2006 statistics <<< ) are living below the poverty line.<sup>219</sup> The UNDP _2011 Human Development Report_ ranks Burundi at 185 (out of 187 countries).<sup>220</sup> \n\nOne of the many challenges still facing the Government of Burundi is to redress", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2006 statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "old characteristics and a broad measure of household income. The sample is generally representative at the national level and at the residence level (urban-rural) but not at lower levels of geographic disaggregation.\n\n** >>> Expenditure data <<<  in the HBS follows the classification of COICOP, developed by Eurostat, and allows us to identify energy-related spending components clearly.** We refer to the variables detailed in Table 2 to measure energy spending. To distinguish between different types of energy expenditures", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ext --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 28 32 36 40<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> 0 4 8 12<br><!-- End of picture text --> <!-- Start of picture text --> Note : Data is extracted from the  >>> World Bank Enterprise Surveys <<< . Number of Observations: 6,345<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Note_ : Data is extracted from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys. Number of Observations: 6,345 The differences across countries between the average and median survival time persist (Figure 5). While the median busi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "verages|843|we|319|34S|I<br>506|\n\n2.17 This suggests that stronger economies with larger modern sectors have higher perceived demand for VET graduates.\n\n# Planned Costs Per Place\n\n2.18 Given data on places supported and  >>> disaggregated cost data <<<  for the components in the sample, it is possible to derive crude indicators of the average total investment cost per place.\n\n2.19 Interpreting cost comparisons across countries and training modes for projects spanning two decades, on the other hand, presents nearly insurmountabl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "land owned by individual households and community members collectively. \n\n###### **6.2.6 Off-farm Livelihood Strategies** \n\nIn the assessment of off-farming economic activities of subproject affected households both the  >>> sample socioeconomic survey <<<  as well as census survey confirmed the presence limited non-farming economic activities along the impact corridor as well as among PAHs. For instance, the sample socioeconomic survey finding revealed that only 24.4% of the sample households confirmed that one or more members of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sample socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d the ward name corresponding to each street location in the TRA data, producing an output called the bridge, which linked street locations from the administration data with their corresponding wards as specified in the  >>> NBS data <<< . In total, approximately 3,585 unique\n\n> 1Some IDs represented multiple active businesses, which were not treated as duplicates since payments varied by period and amount.\n\n12", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NBS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<sup>10</sup> , in conjunction with firm level information from the Censuses of Manufactures (CM) of the Longitudinal Research Database (LRD) of the U.S. Census Bureau. A key contribution of this study is the linking of  >>> firm level U.S. manufacturing data <<<  to industry level measures of EU product standards and their relationship with international norms. This section outlines the main features of the datasets.\n\n## **3.1 U.S. Manufacturing firms Across Industries and Time**\n\nThe CM is conducted every five years and the empirical pa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm level U.S. manufacturing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hat date. The Principal Secretary for State Department for Social Protection and Senior Citizen Affairs and the Project Coordinator for Kenya Social and Economic Inclusion Project further confirm the completeness of the  >>> accounting records <<<  maintained for the Project, which have been relied upon in the preparation of the Project financial statements as well as the adequacy of the systems of internal financial control. \n\nxxii", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "p, each item received its own entry (row) in the diary. Purchases, gifts, own production, and stock adjustments were recorded separately. Because this paper deals with purchasing behaviors, we use only those rows of the  >>> transaction diaries <<<  that indicate purchases, unless otherwise specified.\n\nAfter collecting the diaries from respondents, project staff used the item descriptions to assign each purchased item to one of 73 categories, covering 58 food items and 15 non-food items. These categories are similar to thos", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "transaction diaries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "olution. Each grid cell is assigned to its geographically dominant country by G-Econ. For each cell in a country, we compute the ratio of cell GDP per capita to the national mean for all cells. We merge the results with  >>> annual UN estimates of GDP per capita <<<  in constant $US 2015 (UN 2021), and use the cell ratios to estimate annual GDP per capita for each cell. We resample these cells to 25 km for compatibility with the rest of our database.\n\nWe draw our subway data from two sources. The first is a global subway survey by Turner and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual UN estimates of GDP per capita", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cultural \r  contexts, \r  workshop \r  participants \r  discussed \r  the \r  following questions: \n\n1 \r  Evidence \r  for \r  the \r  need \r  for \r  this \r  workshop \r  comes \r  from \r  two \r  primary \r  sources: \r  Regular \r   >>> sex \r  and \r  age \r  disaggregated \r  data <<<  \r  collection and \r  analysis \r  of \r  provision \r  of \r  services \r  through \r  the \r  UNHCR \r  Refugee \r  Coordination \r  Portal \r  (ActivityInfo) \r  and \r  the \r  GBVIMS \r  End \r  of \r  Year Report \r  2014 \r  including \r  data \r  from \r  SGBV \r  case \r  management. \n\n**<mark>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sex \r  and \r  age \r  disaggregated \r  data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "it the influence of surface PM2 _._ 5 related to wildfires, we follow Qiu et al. (2023) and omit observations plausibly affected by wildfires. Specifically, we use data from the Global Fire Emissions Database version 4 ( >>> GFED4s <<< )<sup>6</sup> described in Van Der Werf et al. (2017). This dataset provides monthly information on carbon emissions from fires at a spatial resolution of 0.25<sup>_\u25e6_</sup> x0.25<sup>_\u25e6_</sup> and at a monthly frequency between 1997 and 2022. Using this information, we identify ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GFED4s", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "we utilize the survey-measured job loss rates.\n\n_Table 5-18 Georgia: Comparison of PFPS Job Losses, Modeled, and Survey-Measured (including jobs loss due to firm closures), by Demographic Group_\n\n||CFUWBES1<br>|CFUW<br>| >>> BES2 <<<  (Cumulative)<br>|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Modeled|Model-predicted|Survey-measured|\n|By gender||||\n|Female|17.4|2.8|6.4|\n|Male|20.0|7.9|8.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BES2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tudy La Plata, Argentina, and Jakarta, Indonesia respectively. Rabassa and Zoloa (2016) estimate the benefits of a new hydraulic infrastructure based on estimation of the willingness to pay to avoid flood exposure using  >>> data on real estate prices <<<  and a flood risks map. They find that flood plain areas have a 3.5 percent price discount compared to other areas, and that this discount can be five times higher in areas of higher flood risk and less resilience. \u0301Alvarez and Resosudarmo (2019) measure the correlation between t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on real estate prices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "st describe the data and present the basic correlations between skills, tasks, and exports. Next, we turn to a detailed causal empirical analysis based on instrumental variables regressions.\n\nWe use two sources of data,  >>> firm-level data <<<  and customs records. The firm-level data come from the Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA), an annual industrial census run by Chile\u2019s Instituto Nacional de Estad \u0301\u0131stica that interviews all manufacturing plants with 10 workers or more. The ENIA is a panel. The customs dat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tions are determined, current unit rate for the components is defined and applied, depreciation rate is applied to the cost of the cost of the construction, land value is determined based on value index as determined by  >>> land market inventory <<< , value of good name for the trade is valuated based on market inventory. Therefore, the value of the property is the sum of the current value of the construction, the good name of the trade, and land value. \n\nCase2: Value of property may be determined based on a research using b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "land market inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le child labor affects the school chances of both boys and girls, child marriage, in contrast, is a predominantly girls\u2019 phenomenon. It is defined as the marriage of a girl under 18 years of age. In the case of Nigeria,  >>> DHS data <<<  show a 43% prevalence of child marriage in among married women aged 20 \u2013 24\u2014which is 6 percentage points above Sub-Saharan Africa\u2019s average of 37%. Interestingly, Figure 1 built using Nigeria 2018 DHS shows significant regional disparities in the prevalence of child marriage bot", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " care|3|3|3|1|\n|Medical insurance|9|3|4|3|\n|Supply of health services|12|9|3|2|\n|Human resources|6|4|3|3|\n|Markets in health care||3|||\n|Economic evaluation|1|2|5|3|\n|Total|45|41|43|46|\n\nNote: The starting point was our  >>> database of 33,000 publications in EconLit <<<  with a health JEL code. Google Scholar citation data were obtained for as many as possible (80 percent) in June 2011. The 50 most-cited publications were then assigned either one of the 12 topics listed in the appendix or a \u2015topic not assigned\u2016 code. The latter included publicat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of 33,000 publications in EconLit", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "m; by May, this number had already been revised to 7 million, and\n\n> 75 We estimate that this is the $ amount of public spending needed to deliver the current global average of 11.2 years of schooling as recorded in the  >>> HCI database <<< . See Annex Table A.3.7.\n\n> 76 Assuming a discount rate of 3% per year, a work life of 45 years, and average time to enter the labor market of 10 years for currently enrolled students.\n\n26", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HCI database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uggesting that agricultural multipliers may be higher in Asia.\n\nOnly in testing the effect of population density do the African cross-section data appear ambiguous. Except for Rwanda, the outlier in the lower right, the  >>> African data <<<  imply essentially no correlation between population density and rural nonfarm employment. Yet extrapolation to population density levels common in Asian countries does suggest a positive relationship. Perhaps 50-100 people per square kilometer represents a threshold level necess", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "African data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "HORISED**REPRESENTATIVE|**SIGNATURE:**||\n|**CENTRAL BANKOFKENYA**|**DATE**||\n|**AUTHORISED REPRESENTATIVE**<br>**EXTERNALRESOURCES**|**SIGNATURE:**||\n|**DEPARTMENT-TREASURY**|**DATE**||\n\n\n\nNOTE:The ending balance as per  >>> Central Bank of Kenya Ledger Account <<<  and<sup>the off-shore</sup> Special Account as at 30th June,2023 have been reconciled and a copy of the supporting Reconciliation Statement is attached.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Central Bank of Kenya Ledger Account", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tal population of 64,876, of whom 32,440 are men and 32,436 are women. 7,365 or 11.35% of the populations are urban inhabitants whereas 57,511 or 88.65% are living in rural areas of the woreda. Based on figures from the  >>> CSA of 2007 <<<  the woreda has an estimated area of 1,792.66 square kilometers. The five largest ethnic groups living in the Mao-Komo Special Woreda are the Oromo, the Mao people, the Berta, the Komo and the Fadashi respectively based on their numbers as well as all other ethnic groups made up ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CSA of 2007", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "differences are probably small enough to be explained by varying data coverage.\n\n**Following the literature, we assume that employees report their total income in  >>> survey data <<< , including envelope payments and income earned in the informal economy** . The higher value of aggregate compensation of employees in the EU-SILC than in the tax data indicates that this is indeed a fact. Then, we compare the \"true income\" reported in the EU-SILC with the \"repor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **_3.3.2 Rare or Endangered Species_** \n\nInternational Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)  >>> Red List <<<  for 2018 has identified a total of 8 species in Kenya which are threatened<sup>44</sup> . None of the species identified are endemic and no species have been identified as extinct. \n\nA total of 32 species were assessed and one insect, five plants and two reptile species were ide", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Red List", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gees in 1923 on the presence of sport club in the early 2000s, at the community level. Standard errors are clustered at the province level. *** _p <_ 0.01, ** _p <_ 0.05, * _p <_ 0.1; Source: Author\u2019s elaboration on the  >>> 1928 population census <<< , 1923 refugee census and General Secretariat of Sports\u2019 inventory.\n\nTable A.8: Sport clubs and Albanians immigrants\n\n|Dep. var:||Presen|ce of at le|ast one spo|rt club||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||(1)|(2)|(3)|(4)|(5)|(6)|\n|Share of Albanian immigrants in 2001|0.123|0.135|0.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1928 population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Group controls|No|Yes|No|Yes|No|Yes|\n|Controls for other group|No|Yes|No|Yes|No|Yes|\n\n_Source_ : Author\u2019s analysis based on the 2006 round of the Additional Rural Incomes Survey and Rural Economic & Demographic Survey ( >>> ARIS-REDS <<< ) from the National Council of Applied Economic Research. _Note_ :<sup>*</sup> _p <_ 0.1,<sup>**</sup> _p <_ 0.05,<sup>***</sup> _p <_ 0.01. Robust standard errors clustered at the village level are reported in parentheses. The coefficients on the household controls (demographic ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ARIS-REDS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iduciary control. Taken together, these factors kept portfolio-level efficiency below the threshold for a higher rating. \n\n**The PAD Economic Rate of Return (ERR) could not be replicated at completion because of missing  >>> longitudinal outcome data <<<  from late delivery of outputs due to implementation standstill.** At appraisal, the PAD estimated an overall ERR of 36 percent (neutral scenario) and a Net Present Value (NPV) of about US$26 million at a 10.5 percent discount rate; component analyses reported ERRs of 26 percent ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "longitudinal outcome data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "accination; Levels of access to health care; Health care outcomes for particular groups; Patient satisfaction with health services; Waiting times for medical treatment; and Spend per admission. Education OGD: quality of  >>> education sector data <<<  (50% weight), budget data (25% weight), spending data (25% weight). OGD related to the education sector typically includes data on Test scores for pupils in national examinations (not only rates of approvals); School attendance rates; and Teacher attendance rates.\n\n> 122 Importa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "education sector data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "8)|\n|Treatment|3.193**|1.433|2.392|\n||(1.393)|(1.535)|(1.549)|\n|DiD (Treatment and|-46.187 ***|-40.099 ***|-37.431 ***|\n|Time)|(2.036)|(2.263)|(2.085)|\n|Control (N)|415|299|470|\n|Treatment(N)|912|714|330|\n\n_Data Source:  >>> EMIS <<<  2016-2019 Note: Robust standard errors in parentheses. * p<0.10, ** p<0.05, *** p<0.01_\n\n**Table 5.7. Robustness check: Impact of PqTR reduction on repetition rate (PqTR 80)**\n\n||**Overall**|**Lower Primary**|\n|---|---|---|\n|Control in 2018|0.260***|0.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bination of candidate sub-projects producing the lowest number. \n\n> 67 The average poverty rate of the woredas benefitting from potential sub-projects under the project is 28.4 percent compared to 24.0 percent, based on  >>> 2016 World Bank poverty estimates <<<  (Bundervoet et al., 2020. Ethiopia Poverty Assessment) \n\nPage 25 of 82", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2016 World Bank poverty estimates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t of \u2018the system\u2019 rather than investing in local capacity for its own sake\u201d. \n\n##### **Case study: Capacity mapping** \n\n**In Iraq, the Education Cluster conducted a capacity mapping exercise with its members. Through an  >>> online survey <<< , cluster coordinators consulted with its membership, including many local organisations, on their self-identified capacity building needs. Based on inputs from cluster members, the coordinators then designed a targeted capacity development programme, mobilising and utilising in-", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "online survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lysis as these types of entities differ substantially with respect to their definition and regulation worldwide. We therefore focus solely on limited liability companies.\n\n_d. Exclusion of off-shore financial centers_ :  >>> Data collected from countries <<<  categorized as offshore financial centers by the IMF<sup>3</sup> are excluded from our analysis since registered entities may not fit our definition of \u201centrepreneurship\u201d. The information provided by these countries likely reflects a nontrivial number of shell companies, defined", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data collected from countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Capita GDP:** In order to remove the income effects between countries, as well as to control for inflationary effects, this research uses log per capita GDP harmonized to 2011.\n\n# **V. STATISTICAL FINDINGS**\n\nUsing the  >>> multi-year data set <<<  created, each premise in the conceptual framework was tested in order to estimate associations between the principle independent variable (OGD) and the respective dependent variables (accountability and service delivery). In addition to these aggregates, key relationships", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "multi-year data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " ! !!!!\" !\"!!!!\"#!! ! !!\"#$<br>(1)<br><!-- End of picture text --> a regression of the annual q/q growth rate of country _i_ \u2019s cyclical output (relative to a log linear GDP trend) on the G7 and Chinese cycles, based on  >>> quarterly data <<< , identifying the late period (2001-Q3 2010) with an interacting dummy. In passing, such a specification also allows us to estimate the long-term growth convergence (the EM \u201calphas\u201d) as the constant of the regression.\n\nNote that we deliberately exclude China from the EM sample. F", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quarterly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4%|\n|_Totals_|_100.0%_|_100.0%_|_100.0%_|_100.0%_|_100.0%_|\n\n_Source: DANE survey, 2003_ 25. **More people seek loans in the informal than in the formal sector.** The  >>> Bogot\u00e1 survey <<<  reveals that the banked population is more likely to seek loans than the unbanked - by a factor of six to one (see Figure 3.12). Among the population surveyed 13.6% of the total population successfully sought loans with the informal sector in the past thirty six months while ano", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bogot\u00e1 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "inancial access related indicators of OIC countries with those of other groups of countries, i.e., GCC, OPEC, OECD, OIC excluding GCC, MENA region, low Income countries, and developing countries.<sup>26</sup> We use the  >>> data from OECD countries <<<  as benchmark, because OECD countries have achieved a highly developed financial environment after overcoming many similar issues facing OIC countries currently.\n\nWe also separately examined financial inclusion in GCC and non-GCC among the OIC countries to see the dispersion of t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from OECD countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "provident fund payments (another retirement benefit), overtime payments, paid annual leave, paid sick leave, paid casual leave, paid maternity/paternity leave\n\n> 8 Administrative data from the MoLHR and the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Bhutan Enterprise Survey 2015 <<<  document much higher proportions of non-Bhutanese workers than the BLFS 2014. This hints at a general under-reporting of nonBhutanese individuals in the BLFS 2014.\n\n- 16 -", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bhutan Enterprise Survey 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Based on  >>> UNHCR\u2019s data <<< , it appears that more than 121,000 Somalis who arrived in Dadaab in 2011 were recognized on the basis of broader refugee criteria, through a group-based approach. Similarly, over 50 Somalis were recognized on the basis of the Refugee Convention and fewer than 10 on the basis of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR\u2019s data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "amily management than typical manufacturing firms in Bangladesh.\n\nGiven the small average size of Daraz sellers, a recent representative survey of family business in India may be an appropriate comparison sample for the  >>> Daraz survey <<< .<sup>20</sup> In India, among family businesses with at least one hired worker, only 25 percent of the owners have tertiary (above senior secondary) education. In comparison, the majority of Daraz sellers have tertiary education. The average age of the owners of Indian family bu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Daraz survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ric (WGI CC); and _iii_ ) the Government Effectiveness Governance Metric (WGI GE). We also consider another measure of corruption: the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). As shown in Hamilton and Hammer (2018), the  >>> survey-based indicators <<<  (in particular, the CPI and the WGI CC indicator) are the most valid measures of overall corruption in many country contexts. However, and in line with the existing literature on corruption, Hamilton and Hammer (2018) suggest to cross-check the results when using one measure of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey-based indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l sector tend to be more educated (Conover et al., 2022). A similar pattern holds when we limit the sample to those who are continuously employed for at least three quarters (Appendix Figure A1), confirming results from  >>> IMSS data <<<  that fast wage growth is not primarily driven by selection.\n\nInterestingly, the pattern looks different for the cohort of people aged 21 to 24 (Panel B). Starting hourly wages are higher in the formal sector and there is less wage growth over time. One possible explanation is th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IMSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nal census with a population density lower than 100 households per square kilometer (to ensure they were in rural areas), stratifying by population density. In each village, we enlisted all residing households through a  >>> researcher-run census survey <<< . We selected six to nine research participants (maximum one per enlisted household, always the head of the household) according to the following criteria: _i)_ engaging in commercial farming; _ii)_ having cultivated or planning to cultivate maize; _iii)_ reporting land", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "researcher-run census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|2,803<br>Mar2015 - Mar2017|4,310<br>4,870|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Mar|Dec|Jun|Mar<br>Dec|\n|2015|2015|2016|2017<br>2016|\n\n\n\n> *The GBVIMS was rolled out in South Sudan in 2014. It currently includes 15 member organizations.  >>> GBVIMS data <<<  that is shared is only from reported cases in areas where the data-gathering organizations are providing services, and is in no way representative of the total incidence or prevalence of GBV in South Sudan. These statistical trends are generated", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBVIMS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of data or methods might improve estimation for the smallest municipalities. In other words, is it possible to improve the estimation of these municipalities, or are there simply weaker systematic relationships between  >>> geospatial data <<<  and labor market statistics for these areas?\n\n# **B. Area-level model**\n\nAn alternative method for combining survey data and geospatial data is to obtain municipal estimates is an area-level model (Fay and Herriot, 1979). This method is convenient and wellknown, but suffers from", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "geospatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ome a very common phenomenon as, in their survey, almost every household is reported to have a child migrant in Southern Ghana. While not all child migrants become street children, estimates are not encouraging. Using a  >>> nationwide survey of 2,314 street children <<< , Kwankye et al. (2009) calculate that over a third of the street children were from the Northern region (38.1 percent) followed by the Upper East (12.1 percent).\n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationwide survey of 2,314 street children", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Herfindahl index (H) of exports for each country using the HS 4-digit,  >>> HS 6-digit <<< , and SITC 3- digit export data, and estimate the following equation<sup>6</sup> : We use GDP per capita rather than the log of GDP per capita to remain consistent with the approach of Imbs and Wacziarg (2003). The results, summarized in Table 3, indicate that, similar to total p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HS 6-digit", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nds in how refugees access and utilize health services over time. The proportion of registered Syrian refugee households with telephone numbers in Lebanon is 98%. Since 2014, UNHCR Lebanon has conducted annual telephone  >>> HAUS surveys <<<  which have provided important information on the challenges faced by refuges in accessing health care services. The survey results guide program delivery by providing timely and regular information in a cost-efficient manner on key variables relating to access and utilization. \n", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HAUS surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "% or more of sales Y/N|26,187|0.11|0.31|0.00|1.00|\n|Foreign ownership Y/N|26,187|0.09|0.28|0.00|1.00|\n|Establishment has checking or savings account Y/N|26,187|0.87|0.34|0.00|1.00|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 calculation from the  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<< .\n\n# 2.2 Econometric specification\n\nThe following equation is estimated using the panel data set: I I I i 0 1G i 1 2 i (1) cc,ii\u22121 xx ccii yy ii ii = \u03b2\u03b2 + \u03b2\u03b2 IIGGIIGGII + \u03b2\u03b2 ZZ + \u03b2\u03b2 ZZ + \u03b3\u03b3 GG + \u03b3\u03b3 GG + \u03b5\u03b5 where I I I is a measure of investment by firm at time t; G is the central", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h rate for welfare ,<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Note: welfare rank is based on household consumption divided by its lower poverty line. Source: own estimates based on HIECPS 2005-2008._ Growth incidence curves for  >>> panel data <<<  show that in reality very few households moved along with the average growth rate of the economy (of about 2 percent per year when measured in per capita and against a cost of poverty basket): 15 percent of the population experienced annual losses in their welfare of more than 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ") dataset (Kerr et al. 2019). PALMS is constructed from several South African Labour Force Surveys for the years 1993-2019,<sup>13</sup> curated and harmonized by DataFirst at the University of Cape Town. We extract the  >>> Quarterly Labour Force Survey <<<  (QLFS) 2012-2019 data from the PALMS dataset for our analysis. The QLFS is a nationally representative household survey collected by the national statistical agency Statistics South Africa (Stats SA) since 2008. It includes data on the labor market activities of individuals aged", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Quarterly Labour Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orale based on the standard model of tax evasion from Allingham and Sandmo (1972). Further, to isolate the effects of trust in public institutions and the neighborhood on tax morale, I use individual-level data from the  >>> sixth wave of the World Value Survey <<<  (WVS) covering the 2010-14 period. Lastly, I employ an empirical methodology that accounts for potential endogeneity. The identification strategy relies on the instrumental variables (IV) method and takes advantage of the historical data on slavery at the tribe level and the lit", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sixth wave of the World Value Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|Sanitarians|657|971|1,312|\n|Health Assistants (HA)|10,625|8,149|6,363|\n|FrontLineHealthWorkers (FLHW)|-|10,050|11,200|\n|Health ExtensionWorkers (HEW)|-|-|2,737|\n|**TOTAL**|**16,782**|**37,233**|**45,859**|\n\n\n\nSource:  >>> Health and Health Related Indicators <<<  (HHRI) \n\n20. In any event, the available numbers of professionals remain insufficient to serve a population as large as the population of Ethiopia. The health professionals to population ratios are among the lowest in the world. The limitations in human resource deployment, mana", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Health and Health Related Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a for 6,142 Functional Urban Areas (FUAs) with populations greater than 100,000, as defined by Schiavina et al. (2019). Our exercise controls for potential biases introduced by limited sampling within FUAs. Although the  >>> OCO-2 satellite platform <<<  provides the best available database, its coverage for our 25-km grid cells is limited by its 16-day repeat cycle, relatively narrow observation track, and the frequent occurrence of cloud cover over some areas. Within an FUA, typical concentration anomalies may differ substanti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OCO-2 satellite platform", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "atistical offices. The LAC aggregate is based on 18 countries in the region for which microdata are available. In cases where data are unavailable for a given country in a given year, values have been interpolated using  >>> WDI data <<<  or using microsimulations to calculate regional measures. Type of employment and sector limited to working individuals ages 15\u201364.\n\n20", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WDI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r the long term, as the planet\u2019s climate becomes warmer. SIDS are among the most highly exposed countries in the world to hazards from climate change (Hallegatte et al, 2018). This is illustrated by their ranking in the  >>> Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index <<<  (NDGAIN). One of the sub-indices of the overall ND-GAIN Index is exposure to climate change, which captures the physical factors external to the system that contribute to vulnerability\u2014it is a component of vulnerability independent of the socio-economic context. Of the 192 count", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Notre Dame Global Adaptation Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arge<br>(US$/tonne)|**4**|5|5|3|||5|5|\n\n* Data for the Freeport of Monrovia relate to 2008, but no data were available for the Port of Buchanan. Source: Mundy and Penfold, AICD Background Paper No. 8, 2009. Derived from  >>> AICD ports database <<<  downloadable from http://www.infrastructureafrica.org/aicd/tools/data TEU = 20-foot equivalent units.\n\n# **Challenges**\n\nPort security is an issue for Liberia. The National Port Authority\u2019s Work Plan for 2008 included obtaining ISPS certification for the port of Monrovia as one ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "AICD ports database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es with low female schooling are those in the lowest quartile of the distribution of the ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary enrollment for 131 developing countries for the latest year between 2004 and 2007 ( >>> World Development Indicators 2009 <<< ). Countries with decelerating growth identified by using World Economic Outlook 2009 projections and calculations by World Bank Staff.\n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators 2009", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "locations are a key factor in financial exclusion for people in income strata 1, while people in income strata 2 and 3 did not mention location as a key reason for lack of financial access<sup>40</sup> . For Bogot\u00e1, the  >>> demand survey <<<  confirms that 62% of the unbanked are over 10 blocks away from the next bank branch (see Chapter 3). Greater distance to bank branches increases transaction costs for low income clients and the unbanked.\n\n27. **Alternative access mechanisms are limited.** ATMs provide a costeffe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demand survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the end of the interview. In our  >>> data of 1,417 respondents <<< , 46 enumerators classified 1,071 respondents (75.51%) as \u201cvery truthful\u201d, 341 (24.06%) \u201csomewhat truthful\u201d and 6 \u201csomewhat untruthful\u201d (0.42%). On the surface, these subjective evaluations provide us the ability to identify potentially untruthful respondents.\n\nUnfortunately, thi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data of 1,417 respondents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " consequence of) financial globalization. To do that, we focus on the three EM assets classes previously discussed: credit, currencies and equity.\n\n> 13 As we do, they analyze equity, debt and FX markets in EM. They use  >>> daily data <<<  and analyze whether news emanating from the US had more or less impact comparing these two phases of the US subprime crisis.\n\n> 14  By alphas and betas we refer to the coefficients of a simple regression of return of the EM asset on the return of a comparable market portfolio (b", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "daily data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ipend, which was at the discretion of the local commune council. Constrained by council budgets, it varied from $30 to $50 per month at the time of\n\n> 5Source: Data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics.\n\n> 6According to  >>> government data <<<  (MoEYS, 2017), of the 7,241 preschool facilities in Cambodia in 2016, 55% were SPS, 39% were IPS, and 6% were private preschools. However, these preschools are not evenly distributed across the country, and 38% of the 1,646 communes in Cambodia had no preschool facility.\n\n> 7See", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "government data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "omewhat stronger at -0.44 for the mean school fees. We describe how we construct different measures of school fees in section 4.2.\n\n> 9  Our estimates using the most recent household survey from China in 2012 (i.e., the  >>> China Family Panel Studies <<<  implemented by Peking University) also indicate that, four (six) years after the official abolition of school fees in urban (rural) areas, both urban and rural households still paid various school-related fees. See Figures 3.1a and 3.1b in Appendix 3 for more details.\n\n6", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "China Family Panel Studies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "strict price data to quantity data from the household consumption module. (Households are asked for the quantity of foods consumed over the past seven days; these quantities are multiplied by 4.2 to get monthly values.)  >>> Food consumption data <<<  include food bought, produced or obtained through other methods, e.g., food aid, gifts. Prices were matched by month, item, and district. Since not all food items were available in all district markets at all times of the year, we imputed the\n\n> 25 See Kauermann and Carroll (200", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Food consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\n|**Region**|**Number of Groups**|**Groups Continuing**|**% of Groups Continu-**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Al|43|8|18.6|\n|A2|101|22|21.8|\n|B3|94|35|37.2|\n|B5|32|3|9.3|\n|C6|41|2|4.8|\n|Total|311|69|22.2|\n\nSource: Garcia (1996)  >>> Recent data for seven ATPI extension-providing companies <<<  allows a three-year perspective on the stability of producer-participation (INTA, 1998). Of the total 15,587 producers contracted for 1997/98, 26% are three year veterans, 39% are two years veterans, and 35% are new participants in the program. These figures indicate a better lo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Recent data for seven ATPI extension-providing companies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **II:  The Urban Unbanked in the United States**\n\nThis section uses a  >>> survey of households <<<  conducted in lower-income communities in New York City and Los Angeles to profile the unbanked and to explain why they are unbanked. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the agency that charters and regulates national banks, conducted this high-quality survey of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "country-specific studies on informal firms. Munyegera and Precious (2018) use a  >>> census of establishments and representative household surveys <<<  in Rwanda and uncover a gender-based productivity gap that persists after the inclusion of controls. Nordman and Vaillant (2014) use informal enterprise surveys in Madagascar and show that even after the inclusion of control variables, female-owned enterprises are 28 percent les", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of establishments and representative household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e introductory part is drawn from the results of a nationwide survey by the Colombian Association of Media Investigation (ACIM).  The presentation of the socio-economic characteristics of the unbanked is the result of a  >>> joint household survey <<<  by the Colombian government\u2019s department of statistical studies, DANE, the World Bank and Universidad de los Andes.\n\n2. ACIM carried out a household consumer survey (the General Media Survey or EGM, acronym in Spanish) through the National Consulting Center in 2000. A section of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "joint household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and/or Invasive. The  >>> IUCN Red list of threatened species <<<  was used to assess the plants' conservation status. The tree layers ranged from 3m+ high. The Shrub layers ranged from 1 - 3 m, whereas the herb layer was from 0-1m. Any herb that was >3m was recorded here as a tree and likewise, a tree seedling that was <1m high was recorded in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IUCN Red list of threatened species", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n_Resettlement Plan FINAL Report_ \n\nhouseholds do not own livestock. The proportion of households owning livestock was as high as 96.7% in Limu Kosa Woreda and low among sample households in Limu Genet with 66.7%. \n\nThe  >>> socioeconomic survey <<<  further indicated that a total of 233 sampled households own a total of 2,281 livestock. On average the livestock owning households keep 9.8 livestock per household. Across the study area, the highest average livestock holding was reported among households in Limu Kosa Woreda wi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from the process of economic growth \u2013 women, those working in rural areas and those employed in the informal sector.\n\n# **5. Results**\n\n# **5.1 Tariffs faced in the export market are inversely related to income**\n\nUsing  >>> household level data <<< , the average income (using consumption as proxy) and tariff faced in export markets for each income decile were calculated (Table 1). Households in the poorest decile have an average weekly consumption of only 511 rupees ($9.60), while households in the richest decile consume te", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tive (4 years)|0.02|0.96*|\n\n**Note:** Both models are balanced panel VAR models with variables current and capital expenditure respectively, instead of the total expenditure. The model with 3 lags is estimated using the  >>> annual data <<<  from 1990 to 2017. ***, **, * denote significance at the 1, 5 and 10 percent levels respectively.\n\n**Sources:** ADB, IMF, World Bank, and own calculations.\n\n# **7. Robustness checks**\n\nIn the following, we present some robustness checks that provide additional support for the fi", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nds biome. \n\nBased on the ecoregion, natural habitats can comprise both forest and savanna habitats. A habitat classification has been conducted within a 2 km buffer of the TL route.  Habitats are characterized based on  >>> land cover data <<<  produced by the CCI Map of Africa 2016 land cover assessment (20 m resolution), \n\n151", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "land cover data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istics (2015) \n\n#### **7 Level of Education attainment** \n\nIn both Mbarara and Kiruhura Districts it was observed that the level of education was lower than the national literacy level which is at 72.2% according to the  >>> Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2016 statistical abstract <<< . There were more primary dropouts in both districts as compared to tertiary or university graduates. An indication that the projects should design programs that cater for such and emphasis should", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda Bureau of Statistics 2016 statistical abstract", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Rates, Thailand, 2007:Q1 \u2013 2010:Q4** Source:   >>> Thailand Socio-Economic Surveys <<<  of 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010.  Shaded area marks period of recession.\n\nThe results of a more formal test are shown in Table 6: we regress the age-specific enrollment rates on binary variables representing each quarter, and test whether there is a difference from one year to the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Thailand Socio-Economic Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|9|False Banana|23|273|149|1|446|1.39|\n|10|Pineapple|15|26|23|0|64|0.20|\n|11|Gisheta|6|10|8|3|27|0.08|\n|12|Others|2|5|7|0|14|0.05|\n||**Total**|**9,183**|**6,395**|**13,318**|**3,119**|**32,015**|**100.00**|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties <<< , (December 2024 - January 2025)_ \n\n###### **Impact due to Construction of the new Limu Genet Substation** \n\n<mark>The construction of new Limu-Genet Substation will also affect sizable number of fruit trees and perennial crops belonging to 12 households. According to the propert", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in the computation of the data presented above. Lower and upper bound 95 percent confidence intervals are presented in brackets.\n\nTurning next to establishments\u2019 management practices, the data from the  >>> 2017 Enterprise Surveys <<<  show that, based on the average management score, establishments in Colombia perform best, while management practices appear to be, on average, worst in Bolivia; this is displayed in Figure 2.\n\n_Figure 2: Average management scores presented from best to worst_ Note: Survey weigh", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2017 Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pable of distinguishing between them. We then study four countries ranging across regions and the development spectrum \u2013 in order of income, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Colombia and Chile \u2013 four of the very few countries whose  >>> nationally representative establishment level databases <<<  permit separating plant prices from physical output, linkable to a standard set of geographical covariates, which have substantial subnational variation, and which are available for use. This allows estimating physical productivity or efficiency (TFPQ), which should capture the ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationally representative establishment level databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> DTM Mali \u2013 Octobre 2020 <<<  \n\n|||**Enfant**|**( < 18 ans )**||**Adult**|**e (18 - 59 a**|**ns )**|**Personne**|**\u00e2g\u00e9e (**|**> 59 ans )**||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**R\u00e9gion-Cercle-**|**M\u00e9nage**||||||||||**Total**|**Total**|**Total**<br>|\n|**Commune**||**F**|**M**|**Total", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM Mali \u2013 Octobre 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in power following national elections (legislative or presidential) in any given<br>year. Source:  >>> Political Database of the Americas <<< . Georgetown<br>University/Organization of AmericanStates.Center for Latin AmericanStudies.|n.r.|n.r.|\n|**Continuous variables**|**Mean **|**S.D.**|\n|_Duration since award_: Indicates the number of years a concession has been in<br>operation since its award.|n.r.|n.r.|\n|_Corrupti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Political Database of the Americas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ownership is considered as contributing to replacement cost. \n\n###### **<mark>Method of Valuation for structures, land, trees and other assets Replacement cost for structures Calculating replacement costs</mark>** \n\n- ** >>> Schedule of rates obtained from the infrastructure department <<< ** : The infrastructure construction departments in all countries have a schedule of rates for preparing estimates for construction projects, which Borrower agencies themselves use to assess costs for construction materials and labor. When applied to calculation of replacement co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Schedule of rates obtained from the infrastructure department", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r hand, overwhelming majority (94.8%) of households in Arsi-Robe woreda cultivate teff crop, while only **(1.8%)** of the households in Hetosa woreda reported to grow teff crop (See Figure 4. 24 below). \n\nResults of the  >>> current baseline survey <<<  confirmed that rising price and lack of farm inputs are the main constraints with crop production as reported **by** (94.9%) and **(83.0%)** of the survey households respectively, \n\nAcute farmland shortage is another challenge related to crop production that reported **by** 44.2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "current baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **6 Conclusion**\n\nThis study sought to analyze the effect of COVID-19 lockdown policies on export and import trade in the Philippines. We applied an event-study analysis on a  >>> monthly-product-country data series <<<  ranging from January 2019 to December 2020.\n\nWe found that both exports and imports dropped upon imposition of the lockdown by trading partners of the Philippines. We find no evidence that the domestic lockdown (i.e., by the Philippines) affected exports and imports of the Phili", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monthly-product-country data series", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "000<br>6,230<br>10 1,810 2,710 5,000<br>- -<br>Mexico D.F Bogot\u00e1 Brazil USA<br>Banked population GNI per capita<br>GNI per capita in 2003 (US$)<br>Percentage of banked population<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:  >>> Mexico, Bogot\u00e1 and Brazil data <<< , own studies,US Federal Reserve Bank, 2002_\n\n**Figure 3. 2  Use of Banking Services as a Percentage of Population**\n\n<!-- Start of picture text --> Funds/ Stocks/ Bonds 0.7<br>CDT 2.5<br>Mortgage 2.9<br>Savings Account w ith special aw ards 3.0<br>Personal Credit 3.8<br>Use of t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Mexico, Bogot\u00e1 and Brazil data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cination rates in refugee settlements and RHDs has been updated in this ISR. This is because the<br>earlier (higher) estimates counted other sources other thank Bank financing. Following a comprehensive<br>review of all  >>> subnational data <<< , this has now been reduced to only what was funded by UCREPP.<br>Breakdown is provided below.<br>|\n|Comments**:**|For vaccination of refugees (18,890):<br>- By Dec 31,2022, 17,411 had been vaccinated using the single-dose J&J and Sinopharm double-dose<br>COVID-19vaccine procured", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "subnational data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gh enhanced livestock production. Animal fattening and milk production being desired by PAPs, determines the areas as having potential for sustainable and remunerative livestock activities. \n\nBased on the finding of the  >>> socioeconomic baseline survey <<< , great majority of the surveyed households in the subproject affected areas own livestock. Out of the 270 surveyed sample households, 237 households, or 87.8%, reported owning at least one or more livestock. This data highlights the importance of livestock ownership in the livel", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socioeconomic baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nship between growth in GDP per capita and growth in consumption per capita in a random slope regression model, taking into account trends across and within countries. We use data for 168 countries from the World Bank\u2019s  >>> 2022 Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report <<< <sup>25</sup> , converting income distributions to consumption distributions where needed. We also winsorize daily per capita consumption at a value of $0.50 as lower values likely reflect measurement error. We find that, on average, when GDP per capita grows by 1%, consumption p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2022 Poverty and Shared Prosperity Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pear to be closing in on it.\n\nThis paper uses a collection of internationally comparable household datasets to investigate the correlates of educational enrollment and attainment gaps within countries. The data from the  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  (DHS) for 57 surveys in 41 countries are used to carry out country specific analyses, which are comparable across countries. Specifically, the effects of gender, household wealth, the education of adult household members, and the presence of schools in the community on the educa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " indicators, although not comprehensive in nature, provide some insight on the impact of INTA's technical assistance.\n\nAlthough at this stage it is still impossible to distinguish between ATPb and ATP 1 producers in the  >>> ESECA <<<  (1997a) sample, some interesting hypotheses can be stated. Table 5 shows that of the sampled producers, 25% were contacted once a week, 50% were contacted every fifteen days, and the rest (25%) were contacted between every three weeks and every three months.<sup>10</sup> Under c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ESECA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|110.7|120.4|93.3|107.5|118.3|119.2|97.4|114.6|111.7|115.2|101.3|111.2|98.0|\n|singleparent|100.0|90.7|90.1|79.4|101.6|91.3|99.0|104.0|104.6|111.8|117.0|118.2|108.2|104.4|110.4|114.9|\n\nSource: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> HSS data <<< .\n\n41", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orm with manufacturing firms\u2019 productivity levels has been previously explored in the context of the Czech Republic, Chile and India, and for the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) region. Arnold, Javorcik and Mattoo (2007) used  >>> firm-level data for manufacturers in Czech Republic <<< , combined with several indicators of service sector reform, and found sizable effects on productivity of increased foreign entry into services. Arnold, Mattoo and Narciso (2008) focused on Africa, using data from 1000 firms in 10 SSA countries, and found a positive effect of per", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm-level data for manufacturers in Czech Republic", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "05 with a resultant fall in poverty headcount of 12.4 percent.  The World Development Indicators (2009) cites a poverty headcount of 44 percent and GNI per capita remains very low at $280 per capita (Atlas method).  The  >>> Human Development Index <<<  (HDI) ranks Ethiopia 171st out of 182 countries (UNDP 2009). However, despite growth and progress against poverty headcounts, poverty gaps remain severe and millions (sometimes tens of millions) are food insecure every year. \n\n1.7 Poverty and vulnerability are closely tied to co", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6.2%|5.3%|4.9%|1.9%|\n\n_Source: Superintendencia Bancaria;  >>> Encuesta de Calidad de Vida <<<  2003_ 13. **Real interest rates for small savings amounts are frequently negative** . The average interest rate paid by banks on savings accounts ranges from 2-7%, depending on the bank and the type of service provided (see Figure 2.3). The majority of banks do not pay interest ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Encuesta de Calidad de Vida", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "up.\n\nWhile firm characteristics are captured by the firm fixed effects, the endogeneity and selection concerns remain, as discussed above, which we try to address by adding a wide range of time-varying controls from the  >>> COV-ES data <<<  (see Section 4.5). To further address the selection issue, we estimate the same model for restricted samples. As discussed in Section 4.6, this is done differently for El Salvador and for Georgia. In particular, for El Salvador, we use firms\u2019 responses to the question on reasons", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COV-ES data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "511\n\n# **Abstract**\n\nThis paper analyzes a prominent dimension of the initial policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic observed in many countries: the imposition of export restrictions and actions to facilitate imports.  >>> Weekly data <<<  on the use of trade policy instruments during the first seven months of the COVID-19 pandemic (January-July 2020) are used to assess the relationship between the use of trade policy instruments and attributes of pre-crisis public procurement regulation. Controlling for country s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Weekly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f financing for public spending over the past 25 years.\n\nMy country sample is further limited by the availability of data on total public spending required to construct \u2206\ufffd\ufffd . My primary source for this data is the IMF\u2019s  >>> World Economic Outlook database <<< , which provides information on total general government expenditures, typically beginning in the late 1980s. I supplement this with information taken from the World Bank\u2019s African Development Indicators which also reports data on total general government expenditures, going back", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Economic Outlook database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng. '-azell (1984) has developed a particularly useful model that allows estimtion of regional growth multipliers based on three basic parameters, two production and one consumption. Values for each can be obtained from  >>> ferm management <<< , rural nonfarm enterprise, and consumption surveys. Although small, the model allows us to assess three important features of farm-nonfarm linkages: (a) differences in African and Asian growth multipliers; (b) the implications of alternative types of agricultural growth on the e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ferm management", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " based on the data used for the case of Chile, but the formulation can easily be adjusted to allow greater or lesser detail as dictated by the availability of data. The data for domestic production was obtained from the  >>> input/output table <<<  for Chile for 1986, which contained data on the value of output, labor input, domestically produced intermediate inputs, and imported intermediate inputs for domestic production sectors. Data on domestic consumption by sector was also available, with consumption broken down betw", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "input/output table", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " insights into whether workers who lost their formal jobs due to firm destruction following the raising of the minimum wage remained formally employed, transitioned into informal employment, or became unemployed. We use  >>> data from the Turkish Household <<<  Labor Force Survey (HLFS), a nationally representative household survey conducted annually from 2000 to 2018. The survey collects detailed information on labor-market outcomes of the Turkish population, including representative samples of those in formal and informal employment,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the Turkish Household", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "his section describes the data sources, discusses the variables we use, and provides summary statistics for both El Salvador and Georgia.\n\n## **4.1. Data**\n\nAs a baseline pre-pandemic data source, we use the most recent  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<<  (ES) completed in El Salvador in 2016 and Georgia in 2019. The ES are firm-level surveys with a representative sample of a country\u2019s private sector, implemented through a standard methodology with 10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " results in Fasani et al. (2020a), although this difference might not be statistically significant. If we compare the trajectories in Switzerland with those estimated by Bratsberg et al. (2014, Table 2) using comparable  >>> administrative data <<<  for Sweden, the long-run outcome in terms of employment rates for refugees (relative to natives) does not seem to be worse in Switzerland.\n\n# **Selection and truncation**\n\nBefore turning to results by gender, we address two issues related to selection and truncation of our sampl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "heless, and despite the limited services designed to meet the needs of male survivors in the GBV programming, several organizations are reporting new projects that work on engaging men and boys in the GBV programming. \n\n >>> Data from the second quarter of 2022 <<<  show that adults accounted for **89 percent** and children accounted for **11 percent of the GBV cases reported through the GBVIMS.** The percentage of children seeking services decreased by 7 percent compared to the first quarter of 2022. Despite this decrease in numbers, partn", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data from the second quarter of 2022", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>employed<br>-10 sec_specialized_edu<br>minsk<br>high_edu<br>-12<br>partly_employed<br>-14<br><!-- End of picture text --> Note. Services exclude utilities, education and healthcare. Source: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> HSS data <<< .\n\n# 5.3. Savings\n\nPrecautionary savings could be an important consumption smoothing mechanism for households, and as such, the evolution of saving (and dissaving) during the crisis is of interest to this inquiry. Unfortunately, the HBS data do not have data on the savings stock ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HSS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*20** %, affectant **601 800 enfants** (Cf. Cluster Education). \n\nSi une baisse des violations est constat\u00e9e au niveau g\u00e9n\u00e9ral par le  >>> syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection <<< , pour les enfants, on note une augmentation des atteintes \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 physique et/ou psychique ; 463 cas (60% de filles) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 rapport\u00e9s au premier trimestre 2025, correspondant \u00e0 une augmentation de 108% par rapport au dernier trimestre 2024 et 160% par rapport au premier t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "syst\u00e8me de monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<mark>your problems?</mark></u> <mark>Do you feel sad and that there is no way out? Have you lost your self-confidence?</mark> The question \u201cDo you feel capable of overcoming your problems?\u201d is negatively phrased in the  >>> PPCS <<<  (\u201cDo you feel incapable of overcoming your problems?\u201d). In analysis of the Facebook data, this item has been reverse coded so the higher end of the response scale indicates more severe outcomes, in alignment with the rest of the module.\n\n<mark>Do you see yourself as a useless pe", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PPCS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd the United Nations. These data are fed into the built panel data regression model to project the built-up areas for each SSP scenario based on the predictions of future population, urbanization rate, and GDP from the  >>> SSP database <<< . The projection outputs are then combined with other geographical information and inputted into the Future Land-Use", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SSP database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "try level was adjusted to match the latest poverty rates reported in POVCAL<sup>3</sup> . Thus, the poverty rates at the country level are consistent with the 2005PPP poverty estimates in Chen and Ravallion (2008).\n\nThe  >>> GIDD database <<<  covers all regions in the world. Eastern Europe and Central Asia is 100 percent covered; Latin America 98 percent; South Asia 98 percent; East Asia and Pacific 96\n\n> 3 POVCAL is a tool developed at the World Bank for calculating poverty and inequality indices.\n\n12", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GIDD database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "continuous observation, systematic documentation and critical reflection of impacts of IPM, followed by corrective action (plan adjustments, strategy changes). It should be done by project staff and target groups, using  >>> self-generated survey results <<< . The stakeholder analysis and selection of \n\n153", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "self-generated survey results", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tosa|3|75|0|75|\n||Lude Hetosa|9|169|0|169|\n|Arsi|Diksis|4|57|0|57|\n||Sude|1|5|0|5|\n||Arsi Robe|3|46|9|55|\n|**Total**|**5**|**20**|**352**|**9**|**361**|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties <<< , (December 2024 - January 2025)_ \n\n\n\n\n\nPage 85 Official Use Only", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "14/2015 the HIV prevalence rate is also higher among women 7.5% than it is among men 5%. \n\nThe percentage of girls in total primary school enrolment is still low at only 48.9% for girls compared to 51.1% for boys as per  >>> 2009 school enrolment statistics <<< . Although, this has improved, there is low retention which also exhibits gender disparity with about 45% of boys and 35% of girls completing primary seven. Girls also lag behind boys in grade promotion and learning achievements. The percentage of passes among boys", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2009 school enrolment statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the challenges discussed above work in favor of finding a positive NTB-effect. Hence, our NTB coefficients should be interpreted as upper bounds.\n\n# **3 Data**\n\nTo revisit the trade-creating effects of NTBs, we combine  >>> trade data <<<  with information on ad valorem tariffs and on the depth of trade agreements. For tariffs, we use the new Global Tariff Database (GTD) put together by Teti (2020) that deals with misreporting of tariffs (details can be found in the corresponding paper). We aggregate the data that", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tities. Comparing transaction quantity to total 2-week consumption in Table 1, it is clear that households tend to buy items multiple times over two weeks. Table 2 provides more details on this and other patterns in the  >>> diary data <<< . The total number of observed transactions ranges from 688 (maize) to 5319 (cooking oil). The average item was purchased by just under half of the sample (733 households), and was purchased multiple times by just over a third of the sample (505 households). Some items, such as c", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "diary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Change_|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|_Moldova_|_0.27_|_0.11_|_-0.15_|\n|_Georgia_|_0.33_|_0.19_|_-0.14_|\n|_Serbia/Montenegro/Kosovo_|_0.22_|_0.12_|_-0.10_|\n|_Ukraine_|_0.26_|_0.16_|_-0.10_|\n\nSource: Authors\u2018 calculations based on  >>> Maddison data <<< .\n\nIn addition, many low-income countries are still trapped in poverty, and they are failing to achieve the MDGs. While the global headcount poverty MDG (MDG 1) is likely to be achieved, many countries remain off-track\u2014in particular, countries in Sub-Saharan Africa are not likely", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Maddison data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lysis.\n\nNonetheless, and despite these limitations, access to advanced earth observation technologies, including regularly updated satellite imagery, presents new avenues for analysis using quasiexperimental approaches.  >>> Nightlight satellite data <<<  can provide valuable insights into economic activity, primarily enabling the assessment of immediate to short-term impacts. Our case studies highlight the exacerbated effects of floods on nightlight in conflict-affected regions. For instance, we observed a decrease in nightlight", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Nightlight satellite data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the East, and South Nation Nationality People Region in the South East and Jonglei and Upper Nile State of South Sudan in Western frontiers borders. The region has a land area of 34,063 km<sup>2</sup> . According to the  >>> 2017 population projection of CSA of Ethiopia <<< , the total population of the region is known to be 435,999 from this male constitute 227,000 and female 208,999. From this population, 148,000 (33.95%) are living in urban areas while the remaining 288,000 (66.05%) found in rural areas. \n\nThe region is situated between Baro and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2017 population projection of CSA of Ethiopia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g. Since the EF only reimburses T&E providers at the conclusion of the training, they do not record nor do we have any way to track how many people enrolled, but did not complete, the training in 2010 to 2012.\n\n> 45 The  >>> monitoring records <<<  indicate that the control group individuals who received training did so in the original training course that they applied for. There is no evidence that they applied for and participated in a different EF training course sponsored by a different T&E provider, nor that they part", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monitoring records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " local economic shocks associated with the introduction of these coffee mills affect the cognitive development of children exposed to these shocks in early life is the focus of this paper. To this end, we combine unique  >>> administrative data on test scores <<<  of the universe of primary school students in Rwanda with data on the staggered rollout of the coffee mills to estimate the effects of early life exposure to the coffee mills on students\u2019 performance in a high-stakes national exam.\n\nTo causally identify the impact of these shock", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data on test scores", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ndicated the presence of peri-urban and rural Kebeles that are incorporated into city administration. The water body accounted to 26%, shrub land 5.3% and bare land about two percent (Table 4.9). \n\nRegarding Shashemene,  >>> land use data for peri-urban areas <<<  was extracted as most of subproject affected Woredas/Kebeles fall under peri-urban section of the city. It is also assumed that the information on these uses would reflect the situation of TL corridors and ROW. As shown in Table 4.9 the major land use is crop or farmland which a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "land use data for peri-urban areas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(R1) were visited twice over the course of the 12-month fieldwork, with 6 months in between visits. At each visit, the R1 households were asked to report cassava\n\n> 20 According to the authors\u2019 calculations based on the  >>> Fourth Integrated Household Survey <<<  (IHS4) 2016/17, only 11 percent of households in Malawi have access to electricity.\n\n> 21 Enumerators distributed paper production diaries leading up to the start of each calendar month. Following the collection of the paper diaries from the prior month, the supervisors for each", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Fourth Integrated Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", we first investigate the extent to which children in this age range work, their earnings relative to their parents, and evidence that schooling induces a discrete loss in household consumption. Table II summarizes the  >>> labor supply statistics <<<  of children aged 12-15 years in 1997 (pre-Progresa grants). It can be seen that of those children not in school, 63% of boys report having a job, while 20% of girls report having a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor supply statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y; 58% could only provide two meals and 10% were only able to provide one meal for the family.  Moreover, 73% of those interviewed said that they did not have enough food to feed the whole family. \n\nUNWRA\u201fs October 2013  >>> survey of registered PRS <<<  found that almost half of the surveyed households (45%) reported having consumed only one cooked meal the previous day.  The survey found that about 15% of the PRS adults (classified as individuals twelve years old and above in this survey) reported having consumed three warm or", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of registered PRS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the basis of these statistics. Therefore, errors of measurement could be having profound implications on the strategic priorities and policies of a country.\n\nThis paper explains the improbable results observed by using  >>> data from Uganda <<< , where the labor module contains variation both within and across surveys, to show the sensitivity of employment outcomes to survey methodology. It finds that estimates of employment outcomes are unreliable if the questionnaire did not use screening questions, as labor force par", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from Uganda", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "otionnels, des extorsions et des pertes de logement, de terres cultivables et d'autres ressources vitales pour les populations, principalement caus\u00e9s par les actions des acteurs arm\u00e9s. \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n >>> Incidents de protection 2023 <<< <br>287<br>262<br>224<br>193<br>173<br>16<br>Atteintes \u00e0 l'acces Atteinte \u00e0 la liberte Atteinte au droit et Atteinte \u00e0l'integrite Mouvement de Atteinte au droit \u00e0<br>aux services de et \u00e0 la securite des \u00e0 la vie pyshique/psychique population la propriete<br>base personnes<br><!--", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Incidents de protection 2023", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l (2012) examine the trends in the spatial location of organized and unorganized enterprises in India. They combine the enterprise data from the Annual Survey of Industries for the organized (formal) sector and from the  >>> National Sample Survey <<<  for the unorganized (informal). The organized manufacturing sector is surveyed by the Central Statistical Organization every year through the Annual Survey of Industries (ASI), while unorganized manufacturing establishments are separately surveyed by the National Sample Survey O", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Sample Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and (d) continued accessibility and permissive security. Allocations to the _payam_ level will follow the Government\u2019s fiscal transfer formula of 60 percent equal allocation and 40 percent based on population (utilizing  >>> IOM\u2019s DTM projections <<< ) whereas all _bomas_ within target _payams_ will receive equal amount of funding as no population data are available<sup>52</sup> (see annex 2 for details). \n\n33. **Use of community labor.** The project will encourage contractors to utilize local labor in the infrastructure cons", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IOM\u2019s DTM projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "res than male students.\n\n# **3.3 Inspectors\u2019 Classroom Observations**\n\nWe further investigate the ways through which teachers may have responded to incentives by using the data on teacher practices collected through the  >>> inspector classroom observations <<< . The inspector assigned each teacher scores on two indicators of classroom quality and five indicators of teaching quality. We standardized each score to have a control group mean of zero and standard deviation of one, and then took the mean of these standardized scores to creat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inspector classroom observations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>100,000 30<br>5 18<br>20<br>50,000<br>10 13 5 12<br>4 2<br>0 0 0<br>2007\u201308 2011\u201312 2013\u201314 2007 2011 2013<br>Source: Authors\u2019 calculation based on  >>> ALCS 2013\u201314 <<< , ALCS 2011\u201312 and  Source: Authors\u2019 calculation based on ALCS 2013\u201314, ALCS 2011\u201312 and<br>NRVA 2007\u201308           NRVA 2007\u201308<br>PERCENT<br>NUMBER PERCENT<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nThe number of migrants choosing to migrate to \u201cOther\u201d farther away destinations (mainly Eu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ALCS 2013\u201314", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(Gini points)<br>Annual change in labor earnings Gini,<br>ca 2003-2013 (Gini points)<br>Annual change in labor earnings Gini,<br><!-- End of picture text --> _Source:_ Venezuela, RB and the non\u2013Latin American countries:  >>> Global Wage Report <<< , International Labour Organization. Seventeen Latin American countries: SEDLAC database. See annex A.3 for details about the underlying data and Annex B for circa periods. _Note:_ The data have been multiplied by 100. For", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Wage Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eers. In 2011, the South East Asia region accounted for 3.1% of global GDP, but 5.3% of global stocks of FDI and 7.6% of global FDI flows.\n\nCross-country evidence suggests that the statutory restrictions measured in the  >>> OECD FDI regulatory restrictiveness index <<<  are negatively correlated with FDI stocks (Figure 8).\n\n# **3. 4 Liberalization Path in the Indonesian Telecom Sector**\n\nBetween 1966 and 1998, Indonesia\u2019s telecommunications sector was tightly controlled, and reform was incremental. From 1980 onwards, government acted as both re", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD FDI regulatory restrictiveness index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es<br>Returned migrants from Saudi Arabia<br>2.5 2.5<br>2.5<br>2 2<br>2<br>1.5 1.5<br>1.5<br>1 1<br>1<br>.5 .5 .5<br>0 0 0<br>2.5 2.5<br>2 2<br>1.5 1.5<br>1 1<br>.5 .5<br>0 0<br><!-- End of picture text --> Data source:  >>> KMS <<<  2003, 2013 The comparison group", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>10.0<br>0.0<br>Ethiopia Malawi Nigeria Uganda<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 calculations from the ESS 2018/19, IHPS 2019, GHS-Panel 2018/19, &  >>> UNPS 2019/20 <<<  For the Ethiopia HFPS, to obtain representative estimates at the national, urban, and rural level, the target sample size for the HFPS was 3,300 households: 1,300 in rural and 2,000 households in urban areas. To account for non-response and attrition all of the 5,374 households ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNPS 2019/20", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "own capital for investment and $1.53 per HHs as interest gained on VRF. This has resulted in in annual increase in incomes of HHs by $472.32. \n\n**Economic analysis:** The analysis of the economic rate of return uses the  >>> data on food and cash crop production <<< , value", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on food and cash crop production", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\nIn addition to underestimating wage growth, youths may also under-value coverage by social security programs, either because they are not aware of these programs and / or heavily discount these future benefits. In the  >>> endline survey <<<  we ask participants whether they know what constitutes a formal job: 31% of the control group did not known, suggesting that a lack of knowledge may be a partial explanation for low rates of formal work. The share is reduced to 17% in the treatment group, indicating that the wag", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "endline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t and presents our analysis of the differences between survey means and national accounts estimates (both in terms of levels and change over time) based on our newly compiled data. Section 4 considers two adjustments to  >>> survey data <<<  to reconcile these differences and describes the implications of each for global poverty and inequality measurement; the final section offers some concluding thoughts.\n\n# **2. Data**\n\n# **_National accounts_**\n\nOur main comparison between survey and national accounts data focuse", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d sustained real devaluation, has lowered NCS use, consistent with the analytical framework presented in this paper.<sup>35</sup> However, the nonpayments system is not about to disband itself spontaneously. Thus, while  >>> surveys by the Russian Economic Barometer <<<  indicate that NCS as a share of sales in medium-sized and small enterprises has come down from 50 percent, it has stabilized at 35 percent for the last three months of 1999.36 Similarly, arrears as a share of GDP have fallen at end-1999, but this is at least partly, if not subst", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "surveys by the Russian Economic Barometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cent of total loans<br>30<br>25<br>20<br>15<br>10<br>5<br>0<br>ALB BIH MNE MKD SRB KOS<br>J Jun-19 J Dec-19 J Mar-20 J Jun-20<br>Q Peak since 2008 \ufffd Pre-crisis level (end 2007)<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n_Source:_  >>> IMF FSIs <<< , National central banks. \n\n> 7. COvID-19 Is TEsTING FINANCIAL sECTOR REsILIENCE | 27", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IMF FSIs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<!-- End of picture text -->\n\n**Figure 5.2  Prices Indexes for households in the top and bottom deciles (of  real per capita income over 2007-2010), Thailand, 2007:M1 \u2013 2010:M12.** Source:  Computed by the authors using  >>> Thailand Socio-Economic Surveys <<<  of 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010, and consumer price index reported by the Bank of Thailand.  Shaded area marks period of recession.\n\nLosers and Winners in Recession: Thailand 2008-09 11", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Thailand Socio-Economic Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "that covers the universe of registered private firms and formal workers in Turkey.<sup>2</sup> This enables us to look jointly at the impacts of the minimum wage on firms and workers. We supplement this with data from a  >>> nationally representative survey on labor-market outcomes <<<  of the Turkish population; these data include representative samples of those who are employed (in formal and informal work), and those who are unemployed or out of the labor force. We estimate the effects of the minimum", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationally representative survey on labor-market outcomes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ommunications networks reduce transactions costs by increasing the flow of information and, as noted by Leff (1984), have important side effects that make other economic institutions more efficient. Norton (1992), using  >>> pooled time-series, cross-national data from 47 countries <<<  from post-World War II to 1977, finds that telecommunications networks not only increase investment, but also increase the rate of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "pooled time-series, cross-national data from 47 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "too, the small threeparameter model generated virtually identical results.\n\nApplying the model to African agriculture, Rogers (1986) computes much lower multipliers. Using a slight variant of the Hazell model along with  >>> data from Mauritania <<< , Rogers estimates agricultural growth multipliers under a range of conditions. Most estimates clump around 1.27. eiven the harsh rural economy of Mauritania, this estimate very likely paints an unduly pessimistic picture of agricultural growth multipliers throughout the rest of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from Mauritania", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gating the impact of coffee mills in Rwanda on the performance of primary school children who were exposed to these mills in early life. We also explore the potential mechanisms that explain our results.\n\nThe study uses  >>> administrative data on test scores <<<  of the universe of primary school students sitting for a high-stakes national exam between 2012 and 2019 together with geocoded data on the location and timing of the establishment of coffee mills in Rwanda. Our identification strategy essentially exploits the staggered rollout ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data on test scores", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Defining the lag structure of impacts**\n\nExporting involves lags between the product departure from the exporting country and arrival to the destination country. Since we rely on  >>> import data <<<  by major destination countries to study the impacts of COVID-19 incidence in the exporting country, it is crucial to carefully define the lag structure for the impacts. For example, identification critically relies on understanding if India\u2019s exports recorded by the US (as impor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "import data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an Federation is excluded due to prevalence of commodity exports).  Data come from the World Input-Output Database (Timmer et al, 2015), obtained by interacting Census data (interpolated for years between Censuses) with  >>> yearly trade data <<< . Vertical specialization indicators are computed based on the methodology described by Wang, Wei, Zhu (2015), using an algorithm developed in Quast and Kummritz (2015).", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "yearly trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Using  >>> historical data on physician densities <<< , GDP per capita, OOP spending per capita, and the size of the population aged 65 or over, we estimated the relationship between the economic and population indicators and physicians per 1,000 population using a generalized linear model (GLM). Missing data points for physicians p", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical data on physician densities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "3.2. The Turkish Household Labor Force Survey\n\nTo assess the impacts of the minimum wage on informal employment and total employment, we complement our causal analysis (which relies on the EIS registry) with data from a  >>> nationally representative survey <<< . This allows us to gain insights into whether workers who lost their formal jobs due to firm destruction following the raising of the minimum wage remained formally employed, transitioned into informal employment, or became unemployed. We use data from the Turkish Household Labo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationally representative survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "62,486**|**28,400**|**27,683**|**94,717**|**104,019**|**402,666**|**1,363,424**|**9,877,707**|**4,474,092**|\n\n\n\n1 UNHCR figures for Pakistan only include Afghans living in camps who are assisted by UNHCR. According to a  >>> 2005 government census of Afghans in Pakistan <<<  and subsequent voluntary repatriation during the year, there are an additional 1.5 million Afghans living outside camps, some of whom may be refugees. Those Afghans living outside camps receive no UNHCR assistance except access to UNHCR-facilitated voluntary repatriation. These ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2005 government census of Afghans in Pakistan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the formal sector are assessed by Blumenstock et al. (2018), who investigate how private sector firms in Afghanistan respond to changes in the local security situation. Whether the firms are active is assessed based on  >>> call detail records <<<  from one of the country\u2019s largest mobile network operators between April 2013 and December 2016. Call detail records are from cell phone towers spanning two7", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "call detail records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts in land, tourism, and institutional capacity building. \n\n## **c. Unintended impacts (Positive or Negative)** \n\n**Increased revenue generation** . Although revenue generation was not an explicit project objective, the  >>> Uganda National Land Information System <<<  (UgNLIS) generated over US$75 million from land transactions between 2019 and 2024", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Land Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "VID-19. Anecdotal evidence suggests that they are already feeling the effects of slowing demand for food items, particularly vegetables. Data from  >>> Ethiopia\u2019s recent poverty assessment <<<  also highlights the fact that a high proportion of the population is clustered just above the poverty line. This means that any reduction in consumption, could result in large increases in poverty. \n\n> 6 World Bank. 2020. \u201cCovid-19: Potential Poverty and Social Impacts in Ethiop", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Ethiopia\u2019s recent poverty assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "percentage of employees who are low-skilled) and gender (share of workforce comprised of females). Other vectors of independent variables are similarly defined as in equation (3).\n\nWe estimate these specifications using  >>> establishment-level data <<<  from all available countries, as well as separately using the subset of establishments located in non-OECD developing countries ( \u0333enhanced engagement\u2018 and other developing countries), for all firms and for various subsamples of firms sorted by their age, size and innovating sta", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "establishment-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntinue grazing as they are doing currently. However during construction the power distribution lines, open pits should be covered to avoid accidents/death to livestock. \n\n#### **2 Formal Employment** \n\nAs noted from the  >>> household survey <<<  that formal employment was another source of income for livelihood in the project area was obtained through employment. However it was evident that few of the household heads in both districts were involved in gainful employment or civil Service and as such their contribution wa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ormat both the quantitative progress and qualitative assessment of each indicator of the results framework. In addition, the conclusions and recommendations of the independent MTR were greatly supported by the available  >>> M&E information <<< , which was complemented by assessments using the Rapid Result Initiatives (RRI) methodology. \n\nPage 24 of 52", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "M&E information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion and indicates for each one whether it appears as source and/or destination for the different investment types.<sup>3</sup> The data on loans and deposits cover 210 source countries and 210 destination countries. The  >>> data on portfolio equity and debt <<<  cover 92 source countries and 238 destination countries. The data on FDI cover 123 source countries and 239 destination countries. The country-to-region data on international reserves cover 182 source countries.\n\nTo show that our bilateral data provide good coverage of cross-bor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on portfolio equity and debt", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lv ecu per pry col bra dom mex cri ury arg chl pan<br>Country<br>Vulnerability line Middle-class line (right axis)<br>Vulnerability line Middle-class line<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Own estimations based on  >>> SEDLAC <<<  (2022) Note: World Bank Analytical Classifications using data for 2017. Results were obtained using 38 synthetic panels built with available surveys within +/- 2 years circa 2017 and 100 bootstrap repetitions.\n\n# Robustness check: Increasing the time span\n\nWhen estimating the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in Hawassa based on the levels of the main pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, CO, NO2 & SO2), AQI of 45 was reported. Based on this figure air quality is good and air pollution poses little or no risk. Similarly, according to  >>> World Air Map <<<  annual average (Dec. 2022 \u2013 Dec. 2023) AQI of 46 was reported for Shashemene city. This is categorized as _Fair_ that designates the air is moderately polluted and is greater than the maximum limit established by WHO. A long-term exposure constitutes a health risk. \n\n###### **4.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Air Map", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g updated by another larger impact evaluation baseline survey). Financial prices were collected at the farm gate and economic conversion factors were calculated to obtain economic prices (ranging from about 0.8 to 1.1).  >>> Domestic price data <<<  has been selectively updated, using trends in food and non-food price developments for the Amhara region, as provided by CSA (over the period mid-2007 to mid-2010 food and nonfood prices increased by almost similar levels of 71 percent). \n\n## **4. Results** \n\n13. The calculation", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Domestic price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "EMD through support of independent consultants.  Construction related social impacts have been addressed in the ESIA that has been prepared and disclosed appropriately. \n\n49. A socio-economic survey was undertaken and a  >>> database of the affected people <<<  with their expected losses and determined entitlements set up to ensure a transparent and comprehensive compensation process.  The RAP was undertaken in a consultative manner with the project affected people, local leaders and other relevant stakeholders.  A diversion of 33 kms ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of the affected people", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "6.3.1 Cut-off date** \n\nThe practical Cut-off Date for implementation of the RAP will be deemed to be the date at which the  >>> census of affected people and affected assets <<<  commenced that is **23**<sup>**rd**</sup> **March 2015** . No structure established or crops planted in the Project-Affected Area after 23<sup>rd</sup> March 2015 shall be eligible for compensation. \n\n###### **6.3.2 Database** \n\nA database of affected households will be establis", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of affected people and affected assets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ncluding early identification of reoccurring interviewer-level issues that might affect data quality.\n\nAnother recommendation emerging from these findings is that interviewer identifiers should always be included in all  >>> survey data <<< . Interviewer identifications in data allow for multi-way cluster robust standard errors by both area cluster and interviewer (Cameron _et al._ , 2011). Given the evidence of interviewer design effects in survey data collected in developed countries and 10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||||\n|(% of rural population)|20%|43.8|%|24.7|%|39.3%|\n|Poverty headcount ratio at urban poverty line<br>(% of urban population)|11.7%|28.4|%|7.9|%|35.1%|\n|Agriculture, value added (% of GDP)|13.1%|19.2|%|13.2|%|47.9%|\n| >>> Social Institutions and Gender Index <<<  /<br>OECD<sup>a</sup>|0.128|0.24|5|0.05|9|0.233|\n|Gender Inequality Index / UNDP<sup>b</sup>|0.549|0.60|2|0.44|7|-|\n||Muslim 86.1%,|Muslim|89.5%,|Buddhist|69.1%,|", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Social Institutions and Gender Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " experiencing significantly lower coverage than what is shown in  >>> national statistics <<< . The rapid expansion in service delivery over the past years also means that additional resources are needed to ensure that quality is maintained and further enhanced. Extension of PBS, which has proven an efficient instrument since 2006, will greatly support further improvement", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nding on the amount and on the quality of the evidence provided. Validating this point is the fact that impact evaluations have flourished at current levels of policymaker interest, and that quantitative analysis of the  >>> policymaker survey data <<< <sup>7</sup> showed that their willingness to pay for causal information on benefits is not much higher than their willingness to pay for Cost information.\n\nAnalysis of the policymaker survey of 407 respondents in the study sample revealed that respondents are willing to pay abou", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "policymaker survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", 2022; Heger & Neumayer, 2019; Miranda Montero et al., 2017) and, more specifically, floods (Kocornik-Mina et al., 2020) _._ Most analyses using  >>> nightlight data <<<  usually demonstrate a negative impact of disaster and climate shocks on nightlights but with effects resorbing within the year following the event (Bertinelli & Strobl, 2013; Elliott et al., 2015; Gillespie et al., 2014). Schippers & Botzen (2023) find that for a severe disaster", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nightlight data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " same municipality where the tender process occurs, regardless of whether it is a headquarters or a branch. The distribution is disaggregated by type of purchase - competitive and non-competitive. Data is drawn from the  >>> tenderparticipant table <<<  and includes only suppliers who won the tender process and whose identifier has 14 digits. We match this data with the _Cadastro Nacional de Pessoas Jur\u00eddicas_ (CNPJ), a dataset provided by the Ministry of the Economy that contains information on every firm registered in Brazil.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tenderparticipant table", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ial Deposit Account **(SDA)** movement schedule, which shows the flow of funds voted in the year. These funds have been reported as loans/grants received in the year under the Statement of Receipts and Payments. \n\n### ** >>> Special Deposit Accounts Movement Schedule <<< ** \n\n|**Description**|**FY2024/2025**|**1\"July2024**|\n|---|---|---|\n||Euros|Euros|\n|**(i)**<br>**InfrastructureFinance-PPPDA-BEEP**[A/cNo<br>1000374427]|||\n|Opening balance<br>On**b7,999,995.00**<br>**7,999,995.00**|||\n|Totalamount depositedintheaccount|**4,869,990.00**||\n|Totala", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Special Deposit Accounts Movement Schedule", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fall in between the two extreme scenarios already mentioned.\n\nThe intermediate scenario of simulation 3 suggests that the share of students below this level will increase by 10 percentage points.<sup>67</sup> We use the  >>> PISA distribution database <<<  to simulate the effects of COVID-19 in terms of the share of children below this minimum proficiency threshold (figure 10). At present, 40% of learners fall below proficiency level 2 (their scores are lower than 407 PISA points).<sup>68</sup> This will be accompanied by a much l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PISA distribution database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lapper, Singer, and Oudheusden, 2015; _Maya Declaration Commitments_ , Alliance for Financial Inclusion, http://www.afi-global.org/maya-declaration-commitments).\n\n> 4 See Collins et al. (2009) for detailed evidence from  >>> financial diaries <<<  on the vast array of financial arrangements (both formal and informal) used by the poor in developing countries to manage their economic lives, and the lack of fit between many formal products and their needs.\n\n> 5 Demirguc-Kunt, Klapper, Singer, and Oudheusden (2015).\n\n2", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "financial diaries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n- (a) only for sale/barter; (b) mainly for sale/barter but some for own/family use; (c) mainly for own/family use but some for sale/barter; or (d) only for own/family use?\n\nThere are variations in question design \u2014 the  >>> Malawi survey <<<  asks boundary questions for each of the five most important crops; the Nigeria, Ethiopia, and planned future LSMS-ISA surveys ask one question across all agricultural activities. The data across these surveys reflect similar trends, however. Table 1 shows that in both Malawi and", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Malawi survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "shows the size of the sample by year, and the number of expanded observations using panel-adjusted weights.<sup>10</sup>\n\n# _3.1. The distribution of income and consumption growth_\n\nThe period of 2005-2012, according to  >>> IHDS data <<< , shows an interesting pattern of distributional change. In looking at how income and consumption growth have been distributed across the population, the distinction between anonymous and non-anonymous measures is important. Anonymous growth incidence curves (GIC), which show the", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IHDS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ollect feedback on the NDVP and project performance, through social media surveys, the TPM mechanism, and through the use of Iterative Beneficiary Monitoring (IBM).** In February 2021, the World Bank team administered a  >>> Facebook survey <<<  to assess beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. Responses from more than 15,000 participants showed that only 28 percent of them intended to take the vaccine when it becomes available, and 48 percent were still unsure at the time of the survey. Moreover, as part of", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Facebook survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "opment. They are widely used in assessments of living standards, economic growth, poverty, and inequality, both within and across countries. Despite their prominence, the two most common data sources for such measures \u2013  >>> national accounts <<<  systems (NAS) and household surveys (HHS) \u2013 often have large gaps between them and offer differing portrayals of living standards and economic growth. For example, for Pakistan in 2015, national accounts data suggest that average household consumption expenditure per capita was ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national accounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ey present to children\u2019s protection in emergencies. In all five assessments \u2013 which included both natural disasters and conflict \u2013 \u2018environmental risks\u2019<sup>203</sup> were rated as the top threat facing children; in the  >>> Philippines Mindanao assessment <<<  as many as 93% of sites reported this to be the case. \n\nIf we consider the below findings, alongside a few key points from the survey: 1) less than 30% of respondents felt confident they knew the main causes of fatal and of non-fatal injuries in children in emergencies; 2) 96% o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Philippines Mindanao assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lso be expected to have higher capabilities, which could be transferred to Polish firms through foreign investment. Data for these measures of German influence are obtained from Eurostat, OECD and UNIDO. Finally, we use  >>> data on exports from COMTRADE <<<  to construct a measure of Germany\u2019s revealed comparative advantage (RCA) relative to Poland and to the world.<sup>7</sup> To mitigate concerns about endogeneity, all these measures are constructed using data for Poland\u2019s pre-accession period. For example, data on Germany\u2019s pre-a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on exports from COMTRADE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntry\u2019s infrastructure shambles. The country\u2019s 170 megawatt power generation capacity and national grid were completely destroyed. In Monrovia, L just 0.1 percent of households had access to electricity. According to the  >>> 2008 National Census <<< , access to piped water fell from 15 percent of the population in 1986 to less than 3 percent in 2008. The national road network was left in severe disrepair.\n\nPeace brought many positive developments. The Freeport of Monrovia is now privately managed and has resumed normal opera", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2008 National Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "providing consent to the compensation packages and other necessary resettlement related activities of the subproject. \n\n###### **5.3.4.3 Impacts on Privately Owned Housing Units and Other Structures** \n\nAccording to the  >>> property survey <<<  carried out along the TL corridor, 76 privately owned residential houses, and two mosques will be affected by construction of the proposed TL subproject. Most of the housing structures are small and of simple construction, comprising wooden frameworks with mud plaster. Of the ho", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "property survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "households reporting access to financial institutions at about 16% Eastern 11%, Central, 9% and Northern 7%. Informal sources of credit dominated. \n\n> 5Uganda Bureau of Statistics and World Bank (July 2020). \n\n> Source:  >>> Uganda Investment Authority(UIA)Database <<< ,July2019 \n\n47", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda Investment Authority(UIA)Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " entity levels). \n\n# **B. The Public Financial Management Environment in Chad** \n\n6. The recent  >>> Country Financial Accountability Assessment <<< , considered as an essential tool by the Government of Chad, identified the following weaknesses in the public financial management environment in Chad: (i) the lack of a computerized accounting and budget execution system; (ii) the absence of unified tracking of public expenditu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Country Financial Accountability Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "This table shows average attitudes and behaviors of Albanian immigrants arrived in Greece at different age. Standard errors in parentheses. *** _p <_ 0.01, ** _p <_ 0.05, * _p <_ 0.1; Source: Author\u2019s elaboration on the  >>> European Social Survey <<<  (ESS).\n\n# Table A.7: Robustness check: Sport clubs and share of refugees in 1923\n\n|Dep. var:||Presence o|f at least o|ne", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "European Social Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and poverty. First, we describe the data we use. Second, we present the baseline growth equation and examine the correlation between the key variables in the model.\n\n# **III.1. Data**\n\nWe use an extended version of the  >>> poverty database <<<  constructed by L\u00f3pez and Serv\u00e9n (2009). Details are given in the Appendix. In brief, given the limited availability of survey-based poverty data, we construct the headcount ratio, P0, the poverty gap, P1, and the squared poverty gap, P2, using a lognormal approximation", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "poverty database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "are independent/self-employed workers with females (2.28%) suffering more than males (1.31%), particularly those with high school education or less (2.0%).\n\nMorales (2017) use  >>> survey, census and registry data <<<  covering the 1993-2005 period to study the same caseload of IDPs in Colombia. Short-run effects indicate a negative impact on wages. A one percent increase in population due to IDPs results in a 1.4 % reduction in local wages with this effect being larger for women, particularly", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey, census and registry data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ds. I dropped 12 such observations to reach a working sample of 4,783 households.<sup>19</sup> Table 1 displays summary statistics of selected variables. I determined migration status (shown in columns 2 and 3) from the  >>> 2003 KMS reports <<<  of household members who migrated for work between the 1998 and 2003 survey rounds. In addition, questions in the 2003 KMS enable one to determine the length of time a given household member spent abroad or in another Indian state between survey rounds. I used this variable to m", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2003 KMS reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is the difference between production and consumption (and it is reported as the average over 2008-2013), area is expressed in squared kilometers, consumption expresses total consumption in thousands, as indicated in the  >>> Household survey <<<  for year 2012-2014, consumption per capita is the ratio of consumption and population. Source: Authors\u2019 calculations based on FAO/WFP. 2012-2014\n\n# **3.6. City Characteristics and Price Differentials**\n\nWhen markets are integrated and well-functioning", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ectedaspartof the newsurveystobe</sup> undertaken in September **UNCST** will consult with URI<sup>howtocombineanydatain the</sup> Industrial Resource Centre (IRC) with<sup>a newsurvey.</sup> \n\n- _(iv) PDO Indicator 4:_  >>> Survey of clients <<<  reveals that<sup>**UNCST**and</sup><sup>**UIRI**provide</sup> effective services. \n\nSurvey results indicate that knowledge about<sup>andclient satisfactionwithUNCST'sand</sup> UIRI's services has been considerably enhanced. Satisfaction<sup>withresponsetostakeholder</sup> needs ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Survey of clients", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a balance of Kshs. 129,129,874 resulting to an unexplained difference of Kshs.7,177,932. \n\nFurther, the statement of receipts and payments reflects total payments amounting to Kshs.2,121,192,079 which differs with the ** >>> IFMIS <<< ** ledger figure of Kshs.2,265,892252.35 resulting to an unexplained difference of Kshs.144,700,173.35 \n\n_Report ended_ **_30_** _of June, the Auditor-Generail 2019_ **_-_** _The Judiciaryon Judicial Performance Improvement Project_ **_- IDA_** _Credit_ **_No.5181-_*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hocks that affected the Turkish economy.\n\nThe paper is organized as follows: Section 2 provides background information on the minimum wage in Turkey, and on the increase that took effect in 2016. Section 3 describes the  >>> employee-employerlinked dataset <<<  and the national labor force survey that we use for our estimations and reports descriptive statistics. Section 4 presents the identification strategy and provides supportive evidence for its validity. Section 5 reports the main results on the exit of formal firms and on formal ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "employee-employerlinked dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 2012 and World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement were the main statutes which protect PAPs against impacts caused to them by development projects **<u>MIN 3/3/2018: IDENTIFIED RAP IMPACTS IN THE SETTLEMENT AFTER  >>> CENSUS <<<  AND APPLICABLE ENTITLEMENT</u>** The PAPs were informed that after census the below listed category of impacts were recorded in the settlement. (i) PAP\u2019s whose structures used for business or residential purposes will be partially or total affected. (ii) PAP\u2019s whose business or ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CENSUS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the 2008 survey, and 65 were sampled from within five kilometers of the contracted facilities to maximize the possibility of contacting respondents likely to have used the vouchers. This approach was adopted because the  >>> 2010 voucher claims data <<<  showed a very high concentration of clients in parishes within five kilometers of contracted facilities. Of the 94 baseline and 133 endline villages, none of the baseline and 26 of the endline villages were within five kilometers, and all 94 of the baseline and 68 of the endline", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 voucher claims data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies to generate tables of keyword frequencies. This method also was applied to a \u201cbenchmark sample\u201d of 65 studies drawn from a database of 168 World Bank Group impact evaluations studies published between 2002 and 2011 ( >>> World Bank Group impact evaluation database <<< ).\n\nThe benchmark sample was formed by combining IEs from two groups of World Bank impact evaluations. The first group contains 35 IEs identified as including some kind of (unverified) efficiency analysis. The second set of studies was pulled randomly from the remaining (untagged", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Group impact evaluation database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> DTM Mali \u2013 Octobre 2020 <<<  \n\n|||**Enfa**|**nt ( < 18 a**|**ns )**|**Adul**|**te (18 - 59 a**|**ns )**|**Person**|**ne \u00e2g\u00e9e (**|**> 59 ans )**||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**R\u00e9gions-Cercles-**|||||||||||**Total**|**Total**|**Total**|\n|**Communes**||||||||||**Total**|**Femm", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM Mali \u2013 Octobre 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "combining the IMF\u2019s International Financial Statistics (IFS) data with information from the IMF\u2019s  >>> Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves <<<  (COFER) database.\n\nThe IFS data on total holdings of international reserves (excluding gold) are available annually at the country level, without a breakdown across counterparty countries. The COFER database contains the currency breakdown of international reserves held in aggre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rt for 2004 by WHO in Somalia shows a national median prevalence of 0.9 % with 0.6% in the capital Mogadishu; this is significantly lower than neighbouring countries of Kenya (14%) and Ethiopia (10.6%).<sup>18</sup> The  >>> 2004 sentinel surveillance report <<<  did not disaggregate according to non-displaced and IDPs. \n\n29", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2004 sentinel surveillance report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "much the businesses trust the institution. However most businesses expressed a concern that tax laws were quite complex.\n\n# **Ward-level tax payment data from presumptive taxpayers**\n\nWhile the impacts identified by the  >>> survey data <<<  are meaningful, it is useful to understand how declaration behavior changes as a result of this exogenous shock in the TRA\u2019s local presence.\n\nOur main outcome measure comes from ward-level tax payment data. Since we are not able to link administrative tax records to survey respo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "681\n\n# **Productivity, Ownership and the Investment Climate: International Lessons for Priorities in Serbia**\n\n## **Itzhak Goldberg, Branko Radulovic and Mark Schaffer**<sup>**1**</sup>\n\n### _Abstract_\n\n_This paper uses  >>> data on 27,000 firms <<<  from 50 countries, half of which are transition economies, together with the specific case of Serbia to examine the relationship between productivity, the investment climate and private ownership of firms. As government capacity to address the investment climate constraints is l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on 27,000 firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of information from desk reviews of past National Procurement Integrity Surveys (NPIS) reports, PPDA annual reports and key informant interviews with key stakeholders and a descriptive analysis of  >>> NPIS 2020 survey <<<  of ministries departments agencies (MDA), Local Governments (LGs), suppliers, and citizens were the basis of the analysis. The 4th NPIS can be accessed at _PPDA 4th INTEGRITY SURVEY REPORT.pdf_ \n\nThe results of the integrity survey, which reflect the public perception on corrupt", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NPIS 2020 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h<br>10<br>500<br>1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010<br>0<br>1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010<br>Source: USPTO grants in PATSTAT<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **2.4 Potential for expanding green production and trade**\n\nThe  >>> patent data <<<  suggest that there is little capacity for _frontier_ green innovation in most developing countries. However, there could be enormous capacity for _catch-up_ green -up innovation through new-tothe-firm adoption and adaptation of existing green technologies, and through indigenous", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "patent data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hrough the resident\u2019s system, which are more transfer-like.\n\nFollowing standard practices of fiscal incidence analysis, the study combines information from administrative sources on government revenues and spending with  >>> household survey data <<< . This allows us to identify how much households pay in taxes and receive in transfers and subsidies, across the income distribution. The analysis includes fiscal elements such as personal income tax, contributions to social insurance, value-added tax, consumption tax, cash trans", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ting all significant reciprocal and non-reciprocal preferences) including ad valorem tariff equivalents of specific and compound tariffs and key non-tariff barriers such as tariff rate quotas (TRQs).<sup>2</sup> The new  >>> GTAP <<<  database has lower tariffs than the previous Version 5 database because of the inclusion for the first time of non-reciprocal trade preferences and because of major reforms between 1997 and 2001 such as China\u2019s progress towards WTO accession (which alone contributed to the ratio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GTAP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> DTM Mali \u2013 Octobre 2020 <<<  \n\n|||**Enfa**|**nt ( < 18 a**|**ns )**|**Adu**|**lte (18 - 59 a**|**ns )**|**Person**|**ne \u00e2g\u00e9e (**|**> 59 ans )**||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**R\u00e9gions-Cercles-**|||||||||||**Total**|**Total**|**Total**|\n|**Communes**||||||||||**Total**|**Femm", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM Mali \u2013 Octobre 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "holidays, etc.) is also considered, the total monthly food budget amounted to EUR 156 for a single person and EUR 578 for a family of two adults and two children.<sup>17</sup> When converted to 2020 Euros using official  >>> food CPIs <<< , these monthly food expenditures correspond to 181 EUR for a single person (able or unable to work) and EUR 670 for a family of two adults and two children. These estimates suggest that the average monthly per capita food basket cost in 2020 euros is approximately 126 EUR and 18", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "food CPIs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s. Our datasets do not include labor market information for students who did not enroll in higher education, enrolled but dropped out, or enrolled but were still in college by 2013. For these students, we use Colombia\u2019s  >>> Integrated Household Survey <<<  (GEIH, in Spanish) from the Socioeconomic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC) to impute labor market participation and wages between 2008-2013. We estimate regressions of formal labor market participation and wages as a function of gender, age, household charac", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Integrated Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", as a more recent  >>> 2019 Glassdoor survey <<<  indicates that these figures jumped to 61 percent and 58 percent, respectively, for men and women. A lack of information on how much male counterparts are being paid likely makes it even more difficult to negotiate. Increasing transparency can help women understand and ask for a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2019 Glassdoor survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "14 and 2004-2011.<sup>5</sup> Sample countries include 29 high-income economies and 11 emerging countries. The  >>> data for trade in value added <<<  come from the World Input-Output Database (Timmer et al, 2015) and are processed based on the methodology described by Wang, Wei, Zhu (2015), using an algorithm developed in Quast and Kummritz (2015).\n\nWe present the regression results in a synthetic way, reporting in the table ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for trade in value added", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Megginson and Netter (2001) survey the large literature on this topic, finding that private enterprises are more efficient than similar state-owned enterprises on average in low and middle-income countries.\n\n> 23 Using  >>> data from the early 1990s <<< , Grenier _et al_ . (1999) find that state-owned enterprises in Tanzania were more likely to export.  They note, however, that Bigsten _et al._ (1997) did not find similar results\n\n16", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the early 1990s", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mission companies for the other half of the investment. Transmission, notwithstanding all the efforts to attract private investment, obstinately remains in the domain of public financing. To put this in perspective, the  >>> cumulative total private in transmission <<<  _across all developing countries_ was reported as $11 billion in 2015 (ESMAP, 2015). Reliance on public financing is a common story, and yet with the exception of Africa and probably the odd exception like T\u00fcrkiye, the recent focus of the MDBs have been more on cutting edge rene", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cumulative total private in transmission", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ld Bank (2011), returnees from these destinations mentioned that they saved 75 percent of their earnings. Hence, half of the net earnings is a conservative estimate of migrant income.\n\n> 10Author\u2019s calculations from the  >>> Nepal Living Standards Survey-III <<< , of 2010.\n\n> 11GDP figures taken from The World Bank.\n\n10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Nepal Living Standards Survey-III", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\nThe MPDSR Report for FY2018/19 was finalized, printed and disseminated to stakeholders.  The report shows that in FY 2018/2019, a total 1,166,638 live births were reported to the Ministry of health through the HMIS and  >>> DHIS2 <<<  with 1,176 maternal death notified. This translated into a national average Institutional Maternal Mortality Ratio (IMMR) of 101/100,000 live births compared to 104/100,000 live births in FY 2017/18. \n\nMaternal and perinatal death audits are at 51.06% of all deaths reported betw", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHIS2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "therlands; Emmenegger et al. (2022) for an application in Germany). We build upon the existing body of literature and apply statistical matching techniques to impute the energy spending share in Bulgaria reported in the  >>> HBS 2019 <<<  into EU-SILC data collected in 2020. We use EU-SILC data from 2020, as income data in the EU-SILC always refers to the previous year (so 2019 in this case).\n\n**Imputing energy expenditure shares and energy poverty into the EU-SILC facilitates future research questions, such as e", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HBS 2019", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Ratio of the revenue from value added taxes to private consumption.\n\n2: Ratio of revenue from employers\u2019 social security contributions to compensation of employees.\n\n3: Employer\u2019s social security contributions. Source:  >>> OECD Economic Surveys <<< : Greece. August, 2011.\n\nWhere high tax rates in GPS are resulting in a relatively low share of revenues in taxes, improving collection, reducing exemptions, or increasing the base would help. Table 7 shows a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD Economic Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (see Fisman, 2001, and Mobaraq and Purbasari, 2008). If these firms were highly productive, their exit may result in an attenuation of the link between productivity and survival. Table 10 examines this possibility. The  >>> data on political connectedness <<<  are available for firms in 1997, constructed using JSX and board membership information from 1995-1997. Thus, to test the role of political connections, we look at survival patterns from 1997 to 2001, controlling too for factors in our baseline specifications presented in Table ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on political connectedness", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts in the regression. To find such variation across exporters, we consider country \u2019s imports, , from country of a particular bundle of goods , defined at a higher level of aggregation. In our empirical analysis, we use  >>> trade data <<<  at the Harmonized System (HS) 6-digit. Therefore is defined at the HS 6-digit level. Country \u2019s imports of (at say the HS 4-digit level) can be expressed as:\n\n> 7 Note that in Broda and Weinstein (2006), , i.e. the elasticities of substitution between imported varieties equals t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Annex 4:  >>> Financial management Staff data <<< ** \n\n||structure|Actual|Vacant|Qualification|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Federal- EIAR Head Office**|||||\n|Budget|3|3|-|ALL BA|\n|Account|14|14|-|10BA,4 Diploma|\n|Internal audit|10|8|2|ALL  BA|\n|Property mgt.|5|5|-|1BA,4Diploma|\n|**Federal \u2013EIAR Centers**<br>**(17centers)**|||||\n|Bu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Financial management Staff data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cifications with three variables designed to capture the effect of economic and political crises. An economic crisis is measured with a dummy equal to one for every year that the real GDP per capita growth rate from the  >>> Penn World Table <<<  is negative (zero otherwise). A political crisis is measured with two dummies equal to one in every year a country is involved in a domestic war or international conflict (zero otherwise). All three variables are used in the regressions with several lags.<sup>28</sup> The effect", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Penn World Table", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "analysis, we compare data from the 2011 WBES with the earlier  >>> 2004 WBES <<< . For the firm-level innovation analysis, we compare findings from the latest WBES with a representative sample of enterprises collected as part of the Sri Lanka Longitudinal Survey of Enterprises by de Mel et al. (2009). These analyses provide complementary windows into key leve", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2004 WBES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup> (tt) = aa + uu(tt) to converge PPI requires more than 50 simulation time steps). Here we assume that there are 6 simulation steps in a year (meaning that we calibrate PPI with a total of 54 steps). Due to this, the  >>> yearly data <<<  needs to be transformed such that the total budget of the country within the six steps that correspond to a one year matches the government expenditure. We do this by simply assuming that the government distributes its budget equally within each simulation step in a year ( /6)", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "yearly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(Chen 1995).\n\nExisting evidence points to a negative association between laws restricting female mobility and female outcomes. These restrictions mostly relate to choosing where to live and traveling outside home. Using  >>> data from 98 developing countries <<< , Demirguc-Kunt et al. (2013) find that in countries where women face legal restrictions in their ability to choose where to live, they are less likely to own an account, save and borrow relative to men. Using data for approximately 60,000 firms across 94 economies, Islam et al. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from 98 developing countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "calibration sets values of productivity \ufffd parameters z\ufffd\ufffd and country origin\u2010destination shift parameters A\ufffd\ufffd such that equilibrium employment in each sector and cell matches the employment data, per capita incomes match  >>> country level income data <<< , and international trade flows match the trade data.\n\n# **_Simulations_**\n\nThe calibrated model is then \u2018shocked\u2019 with new transport times in the trade network, and firms and households adjust their decisions to optimally respond to the new geography of the region. We explore di", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country level income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ous qualitative evidence from Burundi as well. Uvin (2007) showed that some ex-combatants, depending on the region they returned to, faced immediate needs such as building houses, paying medical bills, and buy-\n\n> 26Our  >>> community data <<<  reveals the absence of formal financial institutions in 84% of the collines surveyed. Informal financial institutions are also scarce, with 87.5% of the collines lacking such associations.\n\n21", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "community data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Third stage comprised RAP report preparation including valuation of affected assets,  >>> social economic data <<<  analysis and generating cadastral maps clearly illustrating all the parcels of land that will be acquired. The cadastral mapping was generated from intensive ground surveying technique and Geographical Information System (GIS) system enabled management of both the physical infor", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "social economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of approvals);  >>> School attendance rates <<< ; and Teacher attendance rates.\n\n> 122 Importantly, in order to reduce the chance for a distorted correlation between OGD and accountability, three sub-indicators that are particularly endogenous were removed and the index was recalculated (see annex 2 for details)..\n\n23", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "School attendance rates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "xport destination, namely, the country targeted by the domestic industries rather than the entire international market. In this regard, the four-dimensional information on firms, products, and export destinations in the  >>> Brazilian firm-level export data <<<  fits our research question perfectly.\n\nIn addition to its rich firm-level export data, Brazil is a suitable country for our analysis in terms of AD. Brazil implemented an AD law in 1987, and it ranks in the top 10 of all World Trade Organization (WTO) members in terms of both th", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Brazilian firm-level export data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the Argentinian, the concept of potential output that points to the use of the full capacity of production factors loses some clarity (Alberola & Montero, 2006). 23 Real GDP series for Argentina is constructed based on  >>> ONP 2004 <<< , Ferreres, and current INDEC data.", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ONP 2004", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rveyed felt they were worse off after privatization and preferred state ownership, while in countries such as Belarus, Moldova and Ukraine less than 40 percent of the population favored privatization;\n\n- In East Asia, a  >>> survey of eight countries <<<  (excluding Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia) found that only a third of the population surveyed favored", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of eight countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng in rural areas of the woreda. The majority of the inhabitants are Muslim, with 66.69% of the population, while 29.26% of the population followed the Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, and 3.83% are Protestant. Based on  >>> figures from the Central Statistical Agency <<<  in 2007, this Woreda has an estimated area of 2,210.16 square", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "figures from the Central Statistical Agency", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies|1,200|\n|Construction of the Merowe hydroelectric dam (1,250 MW)|1,200|\n|India|475|\n|Setting up 4x125 MW Kosti Combined Cycle Power Plant|475|\n|**Total**|**2,624**|\n|_Source:_Foster, etc (2009). Calculations based on  >>> World Bank-PPIAF<br>project database <<< . (http://ppi.worldbank.org), in current $ millions .|Chinese|\n\n> <sup>41</sup>", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank-PPIAF<br>project database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "7.1|\n|Weighted Average|MKT|5.6|5.7|5.5|6.4|6.8|6.8|6.5|\n|Weighted Average|EMP|6.1|5.9|5.8|6.4|6.6|6.6|6.6|\n|Weighted Average|FIN|5.5|5.6|5.5|6.4|6.7|6.7|6.5|\n|Weighted Average|INDEP|6.3|6.0|6.0|7.2|7.5|7.3|6.9|\n\nSource:  >>> HFSA raw data <<<  38. Administration and record keeping account for the largest share of operational costs, as shown in Table 16. This is followed by wages of MPF personnel, the supervisory fee paid to the HFSA, and the guarantee fee. In contrast to most systems in Latin America, the share of mar", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HFSA raw data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ubsidy schemes in all three Latin American countries reduce inequality.\n\n**Figure 4. Distributional incidence of subsidies (by decile) in three Latin American countries**\n\n_Source:_ Original calculations using data from  >>> household surveys <<< , IBNET, and national utilities and programs. See the data and methodology section, and the appendix, for more detail. _Note:_ All figures are calculated using sample weights. Total expenditure is total household expenditure in all categories. The distribution of expenditure (Jam", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from the nationally representative India Human Development Survey ( >>> IHDS <<< ) for 2005 and 2012. Poverty rates estimated from this survey using a similar welfare standard (consumption levels below official poverty lines) as in the NSS (National Sample Survey, on which official poverty estimates are based) show a large decline in poverty between the two y", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IHDS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oatiaCzech R.LatviaSloveniaSlovakia _CEEPolandBulgariaLithuaniaKazahstanRussiaUkraineAzerbaijan _BRUGeorgia_CIS-7 + KRomaniaMoldovaBelarusKyrgyzstanUzbekistanTajikistan<br>percent<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> ILO LABORSTA database <<<  (LFS data) The employment share of market services is the highest in fast reforming and most advanced transition economies, such as Estonia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic (above 30 percent), and is the lowest in slow reforming and less advanced economies, such as Belarus and m", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ILO LABORSTA database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s section demonstrates how TFP at the firm level is related to GDP per capita at the country level, and compares the level of TFP in Serbian firms with the levels in comparator countries. These comparisons use the large  >>> PICS-BEEPS dataset <<<  of about 27,000", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PICS-BEEPS dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt-value effect on earnings over all students currently enrolled in pre-primary, primary, and secondary, in alignment with the HCI. We adjust this aggregate by the expected survival rate of the student cohort, using the  >>> HCI adult survival rate <<< , and for the share of work-life that this student cohort is expected to be in gainful employment, this component is also referred to as Human Capital Utilization (Pennings, 2019). All these factors are available at the country level.\n\nIdeally, we would like to rely on work-life ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HCI adult survival rate", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r|||3,633|0.17|3,637|0.22|\n|Payment deferrals|||3,636|0.09|3,635|0.12|\n|New Credit|||3,636|0.07|3,635|0.08|\n|Fiscal relief|||3,631|0.09|3,635|0.12|\n|Wage subsidies|||3,638|0.40|3,640|0.44|\n\n_Source_ : Enterprise Surveys  >>> COVID-19 Follow-up Surveys <<< .\n\n_Notes_ : Includes the 3,647 firms that reported whether they received government support in Rounds 1, 2, and 3. Some firms did not specify the type of support, which is why the number of observations varies.\n\n**<mark>Table 2: Number of Government Support Rounds Received</mark", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COVID-19 Follow-up Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2,002|1,978|1,978|\n|R<sup>2</sup>|0.243|0.244|0.264|0.264|0.321|0.321|\n|_\u03b4pv \u2212\u03b2pv_||0.299||2.138||0.0213|\n|S.E.||0.201||1.327||0.887|\n\n_Notes_ : * p _<_ .1, ** p _<_ .05, *** p _<_ .01.  >>> Household-level data <<< . All columns include fixed effects for if a household was located within 10 km. of a population center with at least 20,000 inhabitants, the state-level administrative center, and a market. S.E.s allow for clustering at the level of enumeration area (EA). Borno state is excluded", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o the national social security scheme. The censuses are carried out by Mexico\u2019s national statistics body INEGI ( _Instituto Nacional de Estad \u0301\u0131stica, Geograf \u0301\u0131a e Inform \u0301atica_ ), which provided us with access to the  >>> establishment-level microdata <<<  that we use to construct key variables: sales, employment, wages, operating profit margin, and total factor productivity (TFP). Sales and employment are measured as totals for each industry and year. Wages are measured as total remuneration to employees divided by total employme", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "establishment-level microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "materialize post-closure.** An extended implementation lull meant many SME PIPs were completed close to closing, leaving limited observation time for realized productivity effects before the project closure date. As the  >>> contractor\u2019s consolidated dataset <<<  shows PIP completion and verification continuing into the second quarter of 2025, additional gains would reasonably register in firm accounts. At the same time, parastatal and association capacities\u2014from KIRDI\u2019s certification and prototyping pipeline to KIE\u2019s industrial database", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "contractor\u2019s consolidated dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and Health Facilities , Water and Sanitation, and Energy, and Proposed Mitigation Measures** \n\nFrom the infrastructure improvement design proposed for the beneficiary Settlement and to be implemented by the Project, the  >>> field survey <<<  conducted from the 19<sup>th</sup> to 31<sup>st</sup> October 2013 established that no household will be moved; and proposed as a mitigation measure, should it be found otherwise during engineering works phase of the Project, highly recommended is re-installation within the Info", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "field survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Figure 5. Distributional incidence of subsidy beneficiaries (by decile) in three Latin American countries**\n\n_Source:_ Original calculations using data from  >>> household surveys <<< , IBNET, and national utilities and programs. See the data and methodology section, and the appendix, for more detail. _Note:_ Subsidy beneficiaries are households. All figures are calculated using sample weights. Total expenditure is total household expenditure in all categories", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Cambodia|\n|---|\n|Lao PDR|\n|Lesotho|\n|Ethiopia|\n|Sri Lanka|\n|Tanzania|\n|Southeast Asia|\n|Rest of Africa|\n|Rest of the world|\n\n# **_Baseline_**\n\nThe  >>> GTAP database <<<  is benchmarked to 2011. We run the model to 2018, replicating the key macroeconomic aggregates from the World Bank\u2019s _Global Economic Prospects_ (GEP 2016)<sup>[3]</sup> report. Population growth is based on the medium fertility variant of the 2012 UN\u2019s population projections. L", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GTAP database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|Standard Error|(3.08)|(29.77)|(0.01)|(0.01)|(0.02)|\n|T-Statistic|-1.52|1.26|0.55|0.20|-1.64|\n\nNote: *** p _<_ 0.01, ** p _<_ 0.05, * p _<_ 0.1. Data from the 2017 _Rela\u00e7\u00e3o Anual de Informa\u00e7\u00f5es Sociais_ (RAIS) and the  >>> Firm-level Adoption Technology (FAT) survey <<<  in Brazil. The estimates from RAIS data are unweighted, and those from FAT surveys are weighted by the sampling weights. Robust standard errors in parenthesis.\n\n112", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Firm-level Adoption Technology (FAT) survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "communications|6.2|7.5|3.4|5.9|\n|Banking|6.9|8.3|6.1|5.3|\n|Public administration and defense|4.6|4.5|5.6|4.5|\n|Other services|3.4|4.2|2.4|2.9|\n|Total GDP growth|3.9|4.9|2.3|3.5|\n\n_Source:_ Author\u2019s calculations based on  >>> data from Banco de Guatemala <<< . a/ Information for 2002 (2003) is preliminary (estimated).\n\nThe current human capital base is essentially a product of past agricultural growth and eminently anti-distributional policies. The World Bank (2003a) and UNDP (2002) document that insufficient cheap labor, in particul", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from Banco de Guatemala", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **4.2: The socio-economic profile** \n\n### **4.2.1: The inhabitants** \n\nThe Miambani location is primarily inhabited by the Kamba community who are native to this area. \n\n### **4.2.2: Population dynamics** \n\nAs at the  >>> 2009 National Population Census <<< , the then Miambani Location had a population estimated at 24206 people comprised of 4458 households occupying a ground area of 258.4 square kilometers. The resultant population density of 94 persons per square kilometer- equivalent to 17 households per square kilometer is indica", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2009 National Population Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "services from the Global Findex database with individual-level demographic characteristics from the  >>> Gallup World Poll <<< . We also utilize country-level indicators on laws and gender norms that may discourage or hinder women\u2019s use of financial services. Because the later country-level variables show no variation across high income economies, we focus our regression analysis on a sample of up to 98 ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gallup World Poll", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y reduction in these settlements** .  The National Bureau of Statistics conservatively estimates that, within Nairobi\u2018s administrative boundary, at least 30 percent of the population lives in slums.<sup>3</sup> With the  >>> 2009 census <<<  reporting Nairobi\u2018s total population as 3.2 million", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2009 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 2018); other approaches such as activity tracking devices or phone-based apps (Kilic, 2018; Daum, 2018) could help in recording which activities are conducted together/simultaneously, with less recall error.\n\nFigure 6.  >>> Uganda National Panel Survey <<< , 2013-14: hours spent across paid and unpaid non-market activities in the last week <!-- Start of picture text --> Rural Urban<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# Summary and ways forward\n\nBy narrowing the definition of employment as well as highlighting the need to collect data ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Panel Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "one other survey that addressed the same issue. In a  >>> 1996 survey of 900 lower-income urban households <<< , Caskey (1997) asked households without deposit accounts, why they do not have an account. He provided respondents with a list of possible reasons from which they could select one or more. They could also provide a reason that was not on the list. As shown in Table 6, 53 percent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1996 survey of 900 lower-income urban households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d instruments. We follow the approach suggested by Besley and Case (2001) and use political instruments taken from the World Bank\u2019s worldwide governance database. Specifically, we use Kaufman\u2019s governance index (the WB-  >>> Worldwide Governance Indicators <<<  (WGI) project<sup>12</sup> ) and its square, based on the idea that very corrupt and very honest governments would be reluctant to use inspection programs, the first because it would reduce corruption opportunities and the second because inspection would not be needed. This sugg", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Worldwide Governance Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " however, dictates the choice.<sup>12</sup> The growth determinants come from Loayza, Fajnzylber, and Calderon (2002).\n\nOur regressions are conducted using non-overlapping five-year periods spanning the years 1960-2000.  >>> Income and inequality data <<<  are taken from the latest available date within the given period. Growth and inequality determinants are averages for the fiveyear period in question. These transformations would reduce the sample to 291 observations for 87 countries for which we have at least 2 consecutive Gini", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Income and inequality data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a steady decline in HIV prevalence over the last decade; in 1993, ANC sentinel surveillance showed an HIV prevalence of 26%, in 1997 16.2%, in 2001 11.3% and in 2002 11.9%.<sup>78</sup> The Ugandan Ministry of Health\u2019s  >>> STD/HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report <<<  in 2003 collected data from 56 districts in the country using 19 sentinel surveillance sites; HIV prevalence rates varied greatly in the country. In 2002, 1.3% prevalence at Nebbi was the lowest recorded prevalence and 11.9% at Lacor was the highest. The median HIV prevalence fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "STD/HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||**2.3**|84.8|**12.9**|**100.0**|\n\n\n\n_Source Respective Subproject Woredas Education office December,_ **_2023_** \n\nNumber of Teachers and Educational Qualification \n\nBased on  >>> woreda education office data <<< , a total of **3851** teachers (i.e. **65.2%** male and 34.8% female) with various educational qualifications were teaching in all the schools found in Subproject impact woredas. Regarding educational qualifications of the teachers, nearly half **(50.8%)** of the teachers had dip", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "woreda education office data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rn which skipped asking the ALF and CNPJ numbers for most firms in the full follow-up survey), and so given this large attrition rate we do not use these data for measuring the formalization outcome, but instead rely on  >>> administrative records <<< , only using these data as a cross-check to ensure our administrative matching procedure is reliable.\n\n17", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n a desktop analysis of data and limited ground truthing. \n\n### 6.3.1 Analysis of CR and EN Species (Criteria (a)) \n\nAppendix 1 and Appendix 2 present annotated lists for 354 CR and EN species consolidated from IBAT and  >>> National Red List data <<< . Seventy (70) of these species potentially occur in the AoA.  Data on population size is available for only one species, namely Elephant (further discussed below). Limited primary data is available for the remaining species, which limits the ability to apply the Step 3 guideline", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Red List data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " indicator of competition (Beck, Demirguc-Kunt, and Levine, 2006; Demirguc-Kunt and Martinez Peria, 2010). Nevertheless, as an alternative measure of competition, we use the three bank asset concentration ratio from the  >>> Financial Structure Dataset <<<  to measure banking concentration. We run the same regressions specified in equation and (9) replacing the Lerner index with bank concentration. Unlike the Lerner index, bank concentration is measured at the country level each year. All other control variables are the same as tho", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Financial Structure Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in the survey data are close to estimates based on other surveys.** For example, Eurostat, based on EU-SILC 2018, estimated the share of minimum wage earners in Romania to be 13% for men and 18% for women. Based on the  >>> Structure of Earnings Survey 2018 <<< , Eurostat estimated the share of minimum wage earners to be 13%.<sup>18</sup>\n\n> 17 The higher share", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Structure of Earnings Survey 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ults and some heterogeneity analysis. The last section concludes.\n\n# **2 Data and descriptive evidence**\n\n## **2.1 Data**\n\nOur analysis is based on two main data sources. First, we exploit the data made available by the  >>> World Bank Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements <<<  (Mattoo et al., 2020) \u2013 DTA database hereafter. It provides very detailed information on the content of RTAs and therefore highlights the rising role of deep trade agreements (DTAs) in the process of bilateral trade liberalization of countries. DTAs are defined as trade agreemen", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Handbook of Deep Trade Agreements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ylum-seekers have access to civil registration procedures, but there is no clear data on how many have been issued vital events documents as issuance is not normally recorded in the refugee database by DRS. According to  >>> UNHCR statistics <<< , however, the birth registration rate for refugees and asylum-seekers in the refugee camps is at 95%, which is higher than for the host population. UNHCR and its partners facilitate the process of birth registration, but as many refugee children born in Kenya still have not had ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "7_NC MICS 2016/2017_NE MICS 2016/2017_NW<br>MICS 2016/2017_SE MICS 2016/2017_SS MICS 2016/2017_SW MICS 2016/2017_SE MICS 2016/2017_SS MICS 2016/2017_SW<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source: Authors\u2019 estimates based on  >>> GHS Wave 1-4 <<<  and MICS 2016/17.\n\nNote: Individuals with missing age were dropped from the analysis. Total refers to all individuals with known age.\n\nComparing state level severe education deprivation rates in Figure 9 with state level non-enrollment rate in Figures 13 and 14 shows that high s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHS Wave 1-4", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ay|85%|65%|53%|\n|2005: % ofpopulation below$1.25/day|16%|41%|51%|\n|1980: Population belowpovertyline|835,062,177|462,737,493|212,499,751|\n|2005: Population belowpovertyline|207,552,224|455,784,361|384,212,419|\n|_Source:  >>> World Development Indicators <<< , 2011_.||||\n\n# **Section 1.2: Structural transformation and catch-up**\n\nThe path to prosperity in the developed countries was marked by a process of structural transformation reflected in the structure of employment and value-added in primary, secondary and tertiary industries. ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5).\n\n> 3 Poverty is measured by the headcount ratio. The poverty figures in this paragraph are taken from Ferreira, Lanjouw, and Neri (2001).\n\n> 4 The figures on agricultural employment are own calculations based on the  >>> PNAD <<<  1997 and the PNAD 2001. The PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domic\u00edlios) is a regularly conducted representative household survey. The sample had a size of about 380 000 individuals in 2001.\n\n5", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PNAD", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Our interest in this paper is in measuring the effect of the 2008-2009 recession on the wellbeing of different groups in Thai society.  >>> Data on consumption <<<  are available for every year, unlike information on income, which is only available for 2007 and 2009. We thus use a measure of wellbeing that focuses on real consumption. Following Friedman and Levinsohn (2002, p.403), who used such an approach in their study of the effects of ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on consumption", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|||\n\nNotes: This table reports panel regressions with individual firm fixed effects for the El Salvador  >>> COV-ES data <<< . Sector information used as the interaction terms is taken from the baseline ES. Columns 3 through 8 report coefficients from logistic regressions. Sampling weights from the ES are used. Standard errors are shown in parenthesis. All standard errors are clustered at survey strata", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COV-ES data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "These differences across shocks and regions in our sample relative to the reported incidence in  >>> EMDAT <<<  may reflect data availability and our restriction to studies in English.\n\nMost studies use data at the micro level\u2014 household (35 percent) or individual (21 percent)\u2014 while 38 percent use data at the country level and 27 percent at the subnational level (Table 1). These shares a", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMDAT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng methodology. A random stratified sample was drawn from the Statistics Departmen.'s master sample. This is a large sample which is designed to meet all household survey needs for the 1984-92 period. It is based on the  >>> 1982 census <<<  and is already divided into rural and urban areas, and five strata refleciing housing types. Sampling involved the following phases: (a) review of existing data; (b) selection of zones to be surveyed; (c) familiarization with the master sample; (", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1982 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "osit in Account|25,186|35%|9,244|16%|2,909|5%|0|0%|\n|Transfer in Account|18,054|25%|10,821|19%|15,747|25.%|0|0%|\n|Other|1,271|2%|0|0%|4,237|7%|3,954|10%|\n|Total|72,023|100%|58,603|100%|62,707|100%|40,869|100%|\n\n_Source:  >>> DANE household study of Bogot\u00e1 <<<  , 2003_ 17. **The cost of sending and receiving remittances is high.** Receiving hand carried cash remittances is not secure and takes time for the unbanked. In order to have access to more secure alternatives such as deposit and account transfer, the unbanked frequently have to", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DANE household study of Bogot\u00e1", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "This is motivated by the fact that the average schooling attainments in rural Bangladesh and India remain low in the survey years, so that a 13 years lower threshold may not be binding for most of the rural children. In  >>> Bangladesh data <<< , the average years of schooling is only 4.43 years; for sons it is 5.5 years and for daughters 3.4 years. The average schooling in India is 5 years, and for sons it is 7 years and for daughters 3.7 years. To explore the sensitivity of the conclusions with respect to the age rang", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bangladesh data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rvey of ministries departments agencies (MDA), Local Governments (LGs), suppliers, and citizens were the basis of the analysis. The 4th NPIS can be accessed at _PPDA 4th INTEGRITY SURVEY REPORT.pdf_ \n\nThe results of the  >>> integrity survey <<< , which reflect the public perception on corruption in public procurement were used to inform various stakeholders on how the public is rating the public procurement system in terms of transparency and accountability. The results were a signal to all anti\u2013corruption institutions ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "integrity survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ederal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia \u25aa Ethiopian Electric Power Hawassa - Shashemene 230kV Power Transmission Line Subproject \u2013 PRIME-1_ \n\n\n\nFigure 4.2: Monthly Rainfall Pattern at Hawassa Meteorological Station \n\nThe  >>> temperature recorded at Hawassa Meteorological Station <<<  shows that the mean monthly maximum temperature ranges from 25oC in July to 30oC in March, with mean maximum temperature of 27.65oC. The mean monthly minimum temperature varies from 11oC to 15.4oC, with mean minimum of 14oC. \n\nThe annual minimum and maximum temperatures are obse", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "temperature recorded at Hawassa Meteorological Station", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l**|\n|Haromaya SC|0|0.0|0|0|0|0|\n|Adele SC|186|29.4|8,081|0|10|8,091|\n|Kersa|225|35.6|6,803|77|118|6,998|\n|Meta|221|35.0|11,617|270|0|11,887|\n|**All**|**632**|**100.0**|**26,501**|**347**|**128**|**26,976**|\n\n\n\n_Source:  >>> Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties <<< , (December 2024 \u2013 January 2025)_ \n\nTable 7.16: Number of Temporarily Impacted Perennial Crops by Types and Size \n\n|**Types of perennial**<br>**crops", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census Enumeration & Registration of Properties", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ims to provide an overview of the situation of older refugees in Moldova and the gaps and needs they face, as well as the current efforts being made by humanitarian stakeholders to address these challenges. \n\nFrom the ** >>> Socio-Economic Insights Survey <<< ** (SEIS) conducted by the IMPACT Initiative in1 August  2024, the following **four main areas** were identified as significantly impacting **older refugees** compared to other groups: \n\n**Access to Information:** Older refugees face significant challenges in accessing informatio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socio-Economic Insights Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r, from a dynamic point of view, the municipal solid waste management in developing countries faces even greater challenges in the future because of their rapid urbanization and economic growth. Empirical analyses using  >>> macroeconomic data <<< <sup>3</sup> indicated that the per capita generation of solid waste was at least 0.3-0.4 kilograms per day even for the poorest people. In general, a 1 percent increase in population is associated with a 1.04 percent increase in solid waste generation, and a 1 percent increase i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "macroeconomic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the results.\n\n**6.** _How do we know what \u03c1 is?_ Power calculations already require substantial insights from researchers in terms of what the likely mean, standard deviation, and treatment effect size of interest are.  >>> Pilot surveys <<<  or existing data are often used to give some sense of likely\n\n23", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Pilot surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "7 benefits provided through preferential utility prices and rates of asset lease, etc.<sup>6</sup> It is estimated from  >>> data of the State Tax Service <<<  that regional governments provided more than 1% of GDP in tax exemptions in 1995, which constitute about 20% of their funded budget subsidies (Table 3). In Tatarstan, which is probably an extreme case of regional government intervention, a case study revealed that in 1995 off-bu", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data of the State Tax Service", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d Program (WFP) crop,and food security assessment mission suggest that there was a 4.7 percent _decrease_ in aggregate grain production. The well-known lack of consensus<sup>s</sup> and concerns about the reliability of  >>> agricultural statistics <<<  in Ethiopia thus pose a challenge in assessing whether the fertilizer project achieved its broad development objective. Even so, F AO and WFP also report that based on the _five-year average_ production level, Ethiopia in 2009-10 recorded a 7 percent _increase'ingrain_ productio", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "agricultural statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "so as not to distress the child. Items measured children\u2019s developmental status across four primary domains: motor, language, cognition and social-emotional development. An age-standardized Z-score, created by uploading  >>> deidentified data <<<  to the CREDI application, allows comparison of a given sample to a global, advantaged, sample based on children from 15 low- and middle-income countries.<sup>5</sup> A child scoring more than 2 standard deviations below the mean is typically considered to be developmentally \u201coff", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "deidentified data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " impacted these, conducted in eight locations across the country between 21 March and 2nd April 2018. Locations assessed were sampled on the basis of their relevance to migration within Libya ascertained on the basis of  >>> IOM DTM <<< <sup>23</sup> and other secondary data as either (1) important entry points in the South, such as Sebha and Alkufra; (2) transit cities, including Misrata, Ejdabia, Tripoli and Bani Waleed and (3) exit points to Europe along the coast, including Garabolli and Azzawya. \n\n- In each", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IOM DTM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", the CIT dataset covers over 5,000 firms, which collectively account for ZMK 329 billion in sales, ZMK 118 billion in value added (equivalent to 27 percent of GDP), and 527,000 estimated workers. For the same year, the  >>> PAYE dataset <<<  covers over 800,000 unique workers, filing over 6.3 million monthly returns. Beyond their collective size, formal firms, and workers\u2014as proxied through these datasets\u2014are especially critical to economic transformation as they are likely to constitute the most productive segment ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PAYE dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ffects were not only directly on increased services production and trade, but also indirect, by affecting production in other sectors of the economy.\n\nExploring the second channel, Fink, Mattoo and Rathindran (2003) use  >>> data for 86 developing countries <<<  during the period 1985-1999 and find that privatization and competition improved performance in the services sectors. Comprehensive reforms, they claim, bring the largest gains, and the sequence of reforms matters. In particular, their results suggest that competition policies s", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for 86 developing countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>0.2 0.2<br>0.1 0.1<br>Skilled in Agri<br>Unskilled in Agri<br>0 0<br>0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90<br>Population percentiles<br>Share of food<br>Percent share of total population<br><!-- End of picture text --> Source:  >>> HBS data <<<  (2011) To get some insights on the implications of these assumption we carried out two additional simulations. In the first one we assume that all those who lose their jobs in the contracting sectors \u2013 up to 3.1 percent of total employment \u2013 become unemployed. In the second one ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HBS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t we have called an _\u2018ad hoc panel\u2019_ , whereby we exploit the time-variation of the variables of interests (age, attendance status and grade attained by the respondents) by reshaping the cross-sectional structure of the  >>> TLSS 2001 dataset <<< . In this way, we are able to obtain observations for each individual over three academic years. All key education variables are timevariant, while other individuals and households characteristics are time-invariant .\n\nWithin these three years, we focus our analysis on individual", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TLSS 2001 dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> DTM Mali <<<  \u2013 D\u00e9cembre 2020 \n\n# **PERSONNES D\u00c9PLAC\u00c9ES INTERNES** \n\nLes op\u00e9rations de collecte et de mise \u00e0 jour des donn\u00e9es men\u00e9es dans le cadre du programme DTM montrent une augmentation du nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es au Mali. La population d\u00e9plac\u00e9e dans le pays a augment\u00e9 de 7 pour cent", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM Mali", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gaps in implementation of the parent Program, it is recommended to revise the ESMSG and RSG, focusing on greater risk on-grid projects. Also, projects pre-screening shall be done at Program management, PPMD, level using  >>> maps and data <<<  to identify natural habitats and PCRs potentially affected by Program activities. E&S performance, including strengthening GRM, should be a district prioritization/readiness criterion. \n\nCapacity building trainings were provided for the ESHS staff in the implementing agencies at", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "maps and data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e coordination with regions, regular meetings, joint working groups, and technical support to expedite implementation. The action plan includes: (i) rigorous quality checks \u2014 including crossreferencing field reports and  >>> geospatial data <<<  \u2014 to ensure data accuracy and completeness; (ii) finalizing all vacant specialist positions \u2014 including the FM, procurement, biodiversity, payment for ecosystem services, and communications roles \u2014 by April/May 2026, as staffing gaps are a critical bottleneck to effective field ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "geospatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er<br>appliances.|\n\nThis following section analyses unit prices, price differentials and connection charges<sup>13</sup> .\n\n# **4.6.1. Unit Price Analysis**\n\nThe unit price of water per cubic meter was analyzed based on  >>> data from 47 countries and 93 locations <<<  according to the typology presented earlier in this report. The analysis showed wide variation in the prices offered by the type of small scale private service provider (SPSP) at global level. Unit prices charged by PNOs ($0.17/m<sup>3</sup> to $0.86/ m<sup>3</sup> ) were notabl", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from 47 countries and 93 locations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e, Bush Pig, Common fox, and Serval Cat. In terms **of** population size, the primates (Baboon and Monkey Monkey). Some of these species are occasionally observed in the Subproject corridor. However, as per the **IUCN**  >>> Red List of Threatened Species <<< , none of these are threatened as they are categorized as common and low risk. \n\nHowever, relatively minor localized impediments to wildlife movements is expected during construction. These will be a temporary impediment to existing wildlife movements if such movements go through", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Red List of Threatened Species", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "llages using propensity score matching methods (Imbens and Rubin 2015) on the basis of village-level data on literacy, caste composition, landlessness, levels of outmigration, and availability of infrastructure from the  >>> 2001 government census <<< .<sup>2</sup> In order to improve the quality of the match, field investigators visited all the possible Phase II villages for a week, studying their geography and their economic, social and political structures to select the two best matches for each Phase I village (see Table 1", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2001 government census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ers can generate variable results. To improve the robustness of the project's estimated economic benefits, the various estimates available were surveyed by the ICR team (table 2). \n\nThe first estimates of VCRs come from  >>> trial data <<<  estimated by MoARD (1992) and range from 2.8 to 5.3. Stepanek (1999) estimated the VCRs for fertilizer use for maize under low, medium, and high scenarios from on-farm response data. Other studies are from Demeke and others (1998) and Rashid and Ayele (2009). Estimates prepare.d", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "trial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Conclusion**\n\nThis analysis makes possible an evidence-based discussion of labor markets and jobs in Haiti. Using three harmonized  >>> household surveys <<<  from 2001 to 2012, the paper provides insights into the evolution of labor markets in a particularly turbulent decade for Haiti marked by the political crisis of 2004 and the earthquake of 2010. The focus is the determinants of labor income, providing a household-level perspecti", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e described below. \n\n#### **a) Demography and Economy** \n\nLira Municipality is located in Northern Uganda, slightly over 370 km from Kampala City. The Municipality covers a land area of 7745 hectares. \n\nAccording to the  >>> 2002 census results <<<  (UBOS 2002), Lira Municipality had a population of up to 80,879, with 16,833 households and an urban population growth rate of 10.1%. \n\nThe main source of livelihood for the Municipal council population is employment, trading, and other sources. The Municipal council is a centre", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2002 census results", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an even lower demand for skilled workers. This provides support to our interpretation of the negative\n\n> 45We use detailed trade fl ows for Brazil, China and the world taken from  >>> World Integrated Trade Solution <<<  (WITS) to compute the revealed comparative advantage indexes as detailed in Yeats (1998). Industries with values for those indexes larger than one have revealed comparative advantage.\n\n> 46The results with imported inputs shares, export shares and FDI shares are qualitatively si", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Integrated Trade Solution", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on from SICONFI.<sup>21</sup> Formally, we compute Dmt = (Tmt<sup>BE\u2212T SICONFI</sup> mt )/Tmt<sup>SICONFI</sup> , where Tmt<sup>BE</sup> represents total expenditures for municipality m and year t as calculated from our  >>> budget execution data <<<  and Tmt<sup>SICONFI</sup> represents total expenditures as calculated from SICONFI data.<sup>22</sup> In Figure 3, we present the histogram of the percentage deviation of _committed amounts_ from SICONFI, across states. Our key takeaway is that for five states (CE, MG, PB, PE an", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "budget execution data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e considered to have potential access to a network if they are located in a service area ( _SAh_ ),<sup>9</sup> which takes the value of 1 if other households in their neighborhood reported having water connections in a  >>> household survey <<< . We assume that households in a _SAh_ have the option of connecting to the piped water network present in their neighborhood. The neighborhood is proxied by the enumeration area where the household is located, according to household surveys. However, this assumption may not alwa", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ayers varies between 6.9 million and 7.4 million. This data is less prone to selective non-reporting at the top of the income distribution and contains detailed information collected frequently. Electronic collection of  >>> tax data <<<  reduces errors, improving the data's accuracy. Tax data measures income variables with high precision. In contrast, survey data might be subject to self-\n\n> 2 Though available, data on self-employees was not used for this analysis as the focus was on employees.\n\n8", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "om the Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual (ENIA), an annual industrial census run by Chile\u2019s Instituto Nacional de Estad \u0301\u0131stica that interviews all manufacturing plants with 10 workers or more. The ENIA is a panel. The  >>> customs data <<<  provide administrative records on firm exports by destination. We manually matched both databases for the period 2001\u20132005. As a result, we built a 5-year panel database of Chilean manufacturing firms.\n\nThe data have several modules. The main module contains information on indus", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "customs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r level of security and their associated LGDs.\n\nOverall loan exposures or exposures in selected asset classes can be constructed from historical audit reports. The most recent credit growth period can be determined from  >>> aggregate historical data <<<  published by the central bank or the supervisor. Credit growth at the individual bank level in the period of interest and in selected asset classes can be determined based on the in credit in external year-to-year change exposures published audit reports, and then used to comput", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "aggregate historical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "prices), as well as their interactions with transit investment variables to test the effects on price elasticities.\n\n# **8.  Summary and Conclusions**\n\nIn this paper, we have estimated an urban CO2 emissions model using  >>> satellite-measured CO2 concentrations <<<  from 2014 to 2020, for 1,236 cities in 138 countries. The model incorporates the global trend in CO2 concentration, seasonal fluctuations by hemisphere, and a large set of georeferenced variables that incorporate CO2-intensive industry structure, emissions from agricultural and ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "satellite-measured CO2 concentrations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " regressing investment disbursement on lagged PTA variables, which is one of the common techniques used when there is concern about endogeneity. Another advantage of using the fDi Markets database is the availability of  >>> company level investment data <<< . This allows us to address endogeneity concerns related to the fact that large investment decisions may determine the adherence to certain disciplines in PTAs by host countries, which would imply that it is large investments that determine PTAs rather than the converse.<sup>13</", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "company level investment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e fewer than 40 men and women 12+ in the AGEB. These are then be used to construct gender-specific labor force participation and unemployment rates in the sample.\n\n> 3 The data are available online <u>here.</u>\n\n> 4 The  >>> labor data <<<  are collected for those 12 years of age and older, hence why we use 12+ as our population. 5 More information is available here. One difference between our methodology and theirs \u2013 apart from the fact that we do not have access to actual enumeration areas \u2013 is that INEGI also in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*on**1992 year), (1994)|767|16|verage II%<br>(range 2-31%)|\n|FarmerFollow-up<br>Survey(1995)|205|7|Approxiiately43% of HH<br>incontact group, (range<br>3-50%/**o**), nly 33% of<br>groups<br>met regularly.|\n|Extension<br> >>> Staff Survey <<< <br>(1995)|Extensionstaff: FEWs,<br>county & district extensio<br>coordinators, subject<br>matter specialists,<br>headquarter<br>staff|**8**<br>n|FEWscontact about 33%<br>f farmers in their", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Staff Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mes have a strong relationship even when comparing individuals with identical family backgrounds, which is done using a subsample of twins.\n\n# **IV. Data and Methodology**\n\nWe are fortunate to have access to a number of  >>> administrative data sets <<<  that we combine to create a data set with information on achievement tests, characteristics of students, PROSPERA receipt and school quality. We now describe the data sets used and our methodology.\n\nFrom the school years 2006-2007 to 2013-2014, the Mexican Secretariat of Public ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### **_Economic Activities_** \n\nAccording to the  >>> census report <<<  about 80% of the households in Moyo District depend mainly on subsistence agriculture as their main economic activity. Only 9.7% of the population was dependent on earned incomes and 0.4% on property income. The major crops grown include sweet potatoes, sorghum, cassava, simsim,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f empirical studies have shown that this region exports below its potential.<sup>7</sup> Twenty-two percent of MENA firms report that customs and trade regulation are a major constraint to business operations (Figure 1,  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<< <sup>8</sup> ). Yet, the potential for trade is great. The region is strategically located, nested between European, African, and Asian markets. MENA is also endowed with human capital, experiencing a growing base of educated youth looking for work. In terms of the business clima", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " share of GDP, and it includes social expenditure on old age, survivors, incapacity-related benefits, health, family, active labor market programmes, unemployment, housing, and other social policy areas. When looking at  >>> 2010 data on migration policies <<<  from the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) database (Helbling et al. 2017), the previous indicators correlate in the expected direction. For example, social expenditure tends to be higher in countries with less restrictive labor migration policies (e.g., on work permit ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 data on migration policies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "data that moving from annual to monthly data increases the elasticity of unit values to the exchange rate (from 0.14 to 0.19 in his case \u2013 see also Mallick and Marques, 2010). This might explain why the literature using  >>> yearly trade customs data <<<  typically finds lower estimates of pass-through than those found in papers using direct price data at a higher frequency (e.g. Gopinath and Itskhoki, 2010).\n\n> 23We use estimations in levels rather than first-difference for three main reasons. First, exchange rates appear to be ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "yearly trade customs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " data, we assess the comparability between the manufacturing censuses and ES using the Quantile-Quantile (QQ) plot. Figure 8 plots the quantiles of the size distribution of firms in the ES against the quantiles based on  >>> manufacturing census data <<< . The size quantiles are given in a logarithm of employment. If the points in the plot more or less lie on the same line, then we expect the ES data to reflect the size distribution in the national censuses. Departures from this relationship indicate that the size distribution in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "manufacturing census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "aale, Kiryandongo and Masindi District, constitute Bunyoro Sub-Region, which is coterminous with the Kingdom of Bunyoro. The palace of the Omukama of Bunyoro is located in Hoima.</mark> \n\n### **1.2.2. Population** \n\nThe  >>> 2014 Population Census <<<  preliminary results indicate the population standing at 573,903up from 548,800 in 2012 with an annual growth rate of 4.27%. Just like the National trend there are more female than male with more people living in rural areas than urban therefore extending power to these rural are", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2014 Population Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "GVCs by strengthening IO linkages and fostering business interactions.\n\nSecond, this paper connects to emerging research on firm IO linkages and their effects on sourcing decisions. Most studies have relied on  >>> industry IO tables <<<  to measure these linkages. Amiti and Koning (2007), using Indonesia\u2019s industry IO table, demonstrate that lowering upstream input tariffs leads downstream firms to increase imports and boost productivity. Similarly, Javorcik (2004), drawing on Lithuania\u2019s IO data, find that down", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "industry IO tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and two (2) comprehensive secondary schools in the region. Additionally, there is a university, a technical and vocational training college, and a college of public health. \n\n#### 4.3.6 Health Facilities \n\nAccording to  >>> health data from the Regional Health Bureau <<< , diseases connected to water borne are a significant source of illness in the Region. Reports indicate that water and hygiene-related diseases rank among the 10 top leading causes of morbidity and mortality (e.g., Typhoid, paratyphoid and other includes acute upper respiratory i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "health data from the Regional Health Bureau", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s Pass\u2014over the course of six weeks throughout different seasons in 2006 and 2007 and include data for 1,626 foreign tourists (surveyed at the Tucuman Airport and at Paso Canoas) that account for a total of 4,687 trips.  >>> Surveys of domestic tourism <<<  were implemented in July 2006 and April 2007 and collected data on trips completed throughout 2006; these surveys collected data for 3,498 Panamanian households (of which 34 percent report having gone on trips in the previous year). Data on expenditures is available for 1,604 fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Surveys of domestic tourism", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_Zamconsult Consulting Engineers_ \n\n_February 2017_ \n\n### **4 CENSUS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEYS** \n\nA  >>> socio-economic survey and census <<<  was conducted in the project area. The primary objectives of the surveys are, among others, to understand the scale and nature of project impacts on local communities, identify Project Affected Persons (PAPs) and map out their social and economic characteristics, obtain informat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic survey and census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ilities and correlations arising from the choice of the size of the sample period;\n\n- all correlations are allowed, both within and across different asset classes (risk categories), to be estimated with equally-weighted  >>> daily data <<< ;\n\n38 See the _Federal Register (25_ July 1995) for a more detailed description of the BSM and the BIMA as proposed to be applied to the United States.\n\n39 Quantitative standards were placed in an attempt to make consistent estimates across institutions. This was in response to i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "daily data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd often exposed to serious risks, due to the compounded erosion of economic and livelihood capacities of families, family separation or the killing of the caregiver or both parents during the fighting. According to the  >>> Child Protection Information Management System <<<  (CPIMS+), including Unaccompanied and Separated Children (UASC), a total of 30,441 cases have been registered by the end of 2021 (17% increase compared to 2020).", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Child Protection Information Management System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "especially in relation to quantitative assessment. Consequently, data from these sources do not provide a sufficient basis for the evaluation. For this reason, estimates of project benefits have been prepared here using  >>> secondary data sources <<< . \n\n10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "secondary data sources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "December 2013, continued through May 2015, and payouts were made to SSP clients in June 2015.<sup>9</sup>\n\n## **2.3 Data**\n\nOur analysis combines administrative data from NVRB with six waves of  >>> survey data <<< . The administrative data contain information on all transactions posted to respondents\u2019 NVRB accounts from the time of account opening to one year after the end of the intervention (32 months after baseline).\n\nThe baseline took place before SSP was introduced. The first three fo", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oy more than 10 workers. Since the enterprises in this dataset are all household-based we might miss out on fully commercial enterprises owned or managed by individuals not living in these communities. However, from the  >>> community level dataset <<<  one can infer that there are not more than a dozen firms with more than 20 employees in a radius of one hour commuting distance from the 179 surveyed communities. It 30", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "community level dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<!-- Start of picture text --> Global Music Industry Turnover (1973-2009)<br>In Billions Source:  >>> RIAA year-end shipment statistics <<< ; Bain analysis<br>$15<br>$10 \\ Digital<br>\\<br>co<br>$5<br>LP/EP; Tape<br>so1973 1977eS1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009<br><!-- End of picture text -->", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RIAA year-end shipment statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "succession matters (KES 18,400) while one PAP is unknown (as indicated in the Payee schedule of National Land Commission; NLC). Efforts to trace the PAP have not been successful and the funds (KES 725,000) are with NLC.  >>> Project records <<<  show overpayment of another one PAP by KES 23,000. KeNHA and NLC should conclude the review of the case by December 31, 2024. \n\n2. Lot 2 has eleven (11) PAPs who are yet to be paid. The total amount for the eleven is KES 811,595.00. Of these, one PAP\u2019s payment of KES 20,000 is o", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Project records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Risk is having a sexual<br>violence prevalence above regional<br>average per DHS data.<br>Lower Risk is having a sexual<br>violence prevalence below the<br>regional average per DHS data (see<br>next tab).|||||\n|**3**<br> >>> State Department Trafficking in Persons report <<<  (Tier 1-3,<br>with one low and 3 high risk)||||Higher", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "State Department Trafficking in Persons report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "aset. Recall that the Defoort ...gures are based on the six major destination countries (USA, Canada, Australia, Germany, UK and France). Comparing the emigration stocks in 2000 in the Defoort data set with those in the  >>> Docquier and Marfouk (2006) data set <<<  (which is based to 30 OECD destination countries) yields a variable indicating the percentage of coverage of the Defoort data set. Dividing the total emigration rate by this coverage measure does not a\u00a4ect the quality of the results.\n\n14", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Docquier and Marfouk (2006) data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ct-related civilian deaths escalating in 2013 to record-high numbers.<sup>2</sup> Meanwhile, after decades of conflict, the country remains the poorest in the region, ranking 175<sup>th</sup> out of 186 countries on the  >>> Human Development Index <<<  in 2013.<sup>3</sup> Poverty is closely linked to a lack of adequate human rights protection, including a climate of widespread impunity and discriminatory practices.<sup>4</sup> There is also a significant demographic and environmental aspect to Afghan migration, with \u201crapid po", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Human Development Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for those farmers whose dwellings had a \u201cprimitive roof\u201d. The  >>> beneficiary survey <<<  (ICR, p. 52) indicated that the program had scored its highest success rate in terms of raising income of the poorest group surveyed; however, the second best success rate was scored for the richest group, ahead of the middle asset class . The ICR states (p. 52) that \u201cthe fact t", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "beneficiary survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d credit risk, and funding needs for the banks. To understand the risks involved, it helps to measure the magnitude of the program allocation across groups of firms. We focus here on firms by risk category.<sup>26</sup>  >>> Micro data <<<  indicate that by the end of 2020, banks provide guaranteed loans worth US$11,467 million, or 4.6% of 2019 GDP, including loans to formal firms and natural persons\n\n> 24 We use Equations (5) and (6) to partition firms into credit program users and non-users and measure the contri", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gram staff is another major element in Bank projects. It receives !;omewhat less attention in the audit reports than does construction, but the poor performance of workers is often cited as a problem. For example in the  >>> Bangladesh PCR <<<  it is observed:\n\n> 1 9 ProJect Performance Audit Report: Banaladesh, First Population Project, pages vi-vii.\n\n46", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bangladesh PCR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oeconomic baseline information for the purpose of establishing fair compensation rates vi. Provide a baseline for monitoring and evaluation of the resettlement interventions A questionnaire (annex 1) was used to collect  >>> PAP census information <<<  including household members by age, sex, relationship to head of household, education and occupation and housing conditions. The census also documented housing conditions,", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PAP census information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " schools; and (ii) classroom extension to meet requirements of knowledge economy learning requirements. \n\n### **_Addressing Overcrowding and Expansion_** \n\n48. Within the MoE planning process, and based on data from the  >>> School Planning Study <<< , a total of 70 new schools have been identified for replacement. In addition, to achieve better efficiency, a number of schools will have vertical and horizontal extensions. The following tables show the total requirements for new schools and classroom extensions. \n\n**Table 1:  ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "School Planning Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "consider two proxies for local resource constraints. The first is the amount of local taxes. We have data on  >>> prefectural business taxes <<<  _(Likin_ ) and land taxes, the two major sources of local fiscal income, in the year 1925. The second proxy for resource constraints is total warlord resources, measured as the sum of fiscal revenue of all the\n\n> 13 An illustration might be useful here. Suppose a province had 5 ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "prefectural business taxes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", especially young children. The project will use a voucher system already implemented by WFP. \n\n62. A 2009 study reports that households rely on markets to meet 87 percent of their food consumption needs. A more recent  >>> market assessment <<<  (March 2014) finds a similar pattern among newly arrived returnees and refugees from CAR.<sup>22</sup> These findings point to a lack of purchasing power as the main constraint to adequate and diversified food intake. The market assessment indicates that the local food economy i", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "market assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "frequent power cut. Thus one of the anticipated benefits of the TL is to alleviate this critical shortage of power supply in subproject in the cities and peri-urban areas and nearby rural settlements. \n\nAccording to the  >>> HH survey <<<  results 98.8% of the respondents anticipated benefits of access to electricity service from implementation of the subproject. However, as the objective of the current subproject is only construction of a transmission line, it can\u2019t directly benefit the affected communities. Ther", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HH survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "MAS),_ or Survey on Households\u2019 Living Conditions after the Earthquake.\n\nThe 2001 ECVH is a household survey covering 7,186 households and including modules on health, mortality, migration, education, labor, and income.  >>> ECVH income data <<<  have been previously used to estimate poverty rates in Haiti (Sletten and Egset, 2004) and are, to some degree, comparable to ECVMAS\u2019 income data. The 2007 EEEI is a labor survey comprising 6,620 households with some information at the household level and more detailed data on l", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ECVH income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the  >>> RAIS micro data <<< , provided by the Labor Ministry.<sup>1</sup> We study the effects of the CF\u2019s on entry by firms in 18 sectors (11 manufacturing, 7 service) into 265 \u201curban agglomerations\u201d (see description below) over the years 1993-2001.<sup>2</sup> The RAIS database contains a vast range of in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAIS micro data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " lower montane forest,<br>thickets of bamboo Arundinaria alpina mixed with forest and<br>grassland, and finally to montane sclerophyllous forest near<br>the escarpment crest.|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Baringo|According to the  >>> Baringo ADP <<<  (2015-2016), the County<br>consists of 29.9% forest of which 6.7% is gazetted forest and<br>13.2% is community forest.  Natural vegetation in the<br>County comprises of several species of acacia and grasses,<br>characteristic of a dry savannah area.|According to the Baringo Coun", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Baringo ADP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\nBujagali Hydropower Project Social and Environmental Assessment - Main Report December, **2006** \n\n##### **7.5.1.2 Principles for Compensation and Resettlement** \n\nCompensation and resettlement packages were based on a  >>> census of affected people <<<  and a census and valuation of affected assets conducted in 2000 by AESNP in liaison with relevant authorities of the Government of Uganda. Any household identified during the census as having interests affected by the project was eligible to resettlement and compensation package", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of affected people", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "10: Partial error count, September 2021** \n\n||**Full ration**|**Half ration**|**No assistance**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Highlyvulnerable|684|436|325|\n|Moderatelyvulnerable|196|227|175|\n|Least vulnerable|168|138|91|\n|Source:  >>> JPDM September 2021 <<< ||||\n\n\n\nThe list of characteristics proposed is highly recommended to be complemented with and verified by qualitative information from discussions with the communities in order to ensure transparency and its effectiveness in reducing inclusion. \n\nCompared to the overall sample, ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "JPDM September 2021", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o to bars to find clients, but during the pandemic it was really challenging because gatherings were prohibited. There were few people at the bars. Some bars were closed. So, if you met a client you exchanged numbers.\u201d_  >>> Survey data <<<  reveal significant changes in the place of work from 2018 to 2021 and suggest that the ways of meeting clients may have shifted despite many venues having reopened. Seeking work in bars decreased from 40.9% in 2018 to 34.7% in 2021 and in brothels from 33.1% to 28.0% (Table 2). ", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hen renationalized, and subsequently reprivatized.\n\n48. Though relatively few in number these and other recent transactions under stress have contributed to declining public support, worldwide, for privatization. Recent  >>> public opinion polls <<<  show the following:\n\n- In Latin America, about 75 percent of the population in 1995 supported privatization (Estache 2004), but a more recent Latinobar\u00f3metro poll found that between 1998 and 2002 the percentage of people who say that the state should leave productive activity in", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "public opinion polls", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ur data correlate with comparable attitude statements collected in nationally representative global data sources: the World Values Survey (WVS)<sup>16</sup> and\n\n> 16For our analysis, we utilized data from Wave 7 of the  >>> World Value Survey <<< , spanning from 2017 to 2021.\n\n10", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Value Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y contaminated with explosive ordnance, in particular improvised explosive devices (IEDs), including improvised mines (IM) and explosive remnants of war (ERW). Given the new access opportunities, UNMAS is coordinating a  >>> national explosive contamination survey <<<  to capture the extent of the country's explosive ordnance contamination. This survey provides constant updates to the mine action database with the most up-to-date contamination information to support mine action direct resources to areas of the highest need and concurrently rel", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national explosive contamination survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on. One of the regional benefiting ULG will be the regional capital, which is the political and administrative, and often economic center of the region. \n\n- **iv.** **_Regional economic centers_ \u2013** as identified in the  >>> Regional spatial analysis reports <<<  prepared by UN-Habitat together with the regional governments under UIIDP to inform the Regional Spatial Development Plans (RSDPs). \n\n- **v.** **_Cultural heritage sites_ \u2013** to enhance the touristic potential of Ethiopian cities, while also supporting efforts to preserve Ethiop", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Regional spatial analysis reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "most 30 percent of wheat area was planted to varieties from CIMMYT, Italy, US, and Eastern Europe, some of which were introduced after 1982.\n\nWhile people shifting to new varieties are responding to economic incentives,  >>> aggregate data on wheat yields <<<  after reform do not give any indication of the effect of these incentives. Over the 1980s, Turkey's average wheat yield grew more slowly than in previous decades and did not even keep pace with increases in world average yield. Part of the explanation for slow growth in wheat", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "aggregate data on wheat yields", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s 2011, which is used to arrive at the labor share of 0.51 for Bangladesh. The figure below compares the labor share of income of Bangladesh to the mean/median labor shares of lower\u2010middle income countries obtained from  >>> PWT 8.1 <<<  for the year 2011. The labor share of the country lies close to the mean/median of the lower\u2010middle income countries though somewhat lower. In the robustness exercises, I show how alternative values of \ufffd affect the results of the analysis.\n\n- **Depreciation Rate:** \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd **.*", "tier": "tier1_evidential", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PWT 8.1", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " cumulates low achievements in several dimensions. One problem is that non-monetary outcomes are often collected through different surveys than monetary outcomes. At global level, monetary outcomes are collected through  >>> LSMS-type surveys <<<  while non-monetary outcomes are collected through DHS or MICS surveys.<sup>10</sup> As a result, the joint distribution between monetary outcomes (consumption or income) and non-monetary outcomes is often missing. A similar problem arises for the mortality dimension. The joint d", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LSMS-type surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a short questionnaire is necessary for the majority of the respondents. Some compromises are inevitably made. The problem is that the tradeoffs being made with respect to the quality and consistency of  >>> labor force and employment data <<<  may not be considered at the time because the good practice approaches are often not even tested against the \u201cshortcut\u201d. Only after the survey is complete does it become clear that the shortcut actually cost more because the data have too much non-sampling error to be reliable, ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor force and employment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "substantially cut the sample size.\n\n# **4. Data**\n\nData used in this study come from several sources. The  >>> CO2 emissions and energy consumption data <<<  are from International Energy Agency (IEA) Fuel Combustion Statistics database and World Energy Statistics and Balances database, respectively. The databases report CO2 emissions and final energy consumption due to fuel combustion of transportation activities at the country leve", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CO2 emissions and energy consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "resentative of the 41 largest urban areas in Mexico. It covers 61 percent of the urban population (2500 inhabitants or more) and 92 percent of the metropolitan population (100,000 or more inhabitants).\n\nThe data is from  >>> household surveys <<< , which fully describe family composition, human-capital acquisition and experience in the labor market. The variables contain information about social household characteristics, activity condition, position in occupation, unemployment, main occupation, hours-worked, earnings, be", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion expenditures (HFCE), indicated a robust expansion of household consumption at an annualized rate of 3.7 percent over the same period, as did gross domestic product (GDP).<sup>2</sup> That national accounts data and  >>> survey data <<<  can lead to such diverging measures of the levels and changes in living standards is a recurring phenomenon across a wide range of countries and statistical systems. A frequently cited case is India, where large discrepancies in measures of household consumption expenditures acr", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Number of public works<br>completed<br>- Volume of transfers delivered|\n|Information<br>Center Reports|-  Information collection from a sample of_woreda_s largely focused on<br>timeliness of transfers, but also includes  >>> price data <<< .|- Every two weeks|- Date and amount of transfers to<br>_woreda_s and beneficiaries<br>- Maizeprices|\n|Rapid<br>Response<br>Mechanism<br>Report|-  Regular assessments of implementation at kebele,_woreda_and regional<br>levels to address critical implementation problems as they o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re nations are planning to create them in the future.<sup>4</sup> In countries with PCRs, supervised financial institutions are required to provide data on individual borrowers on a periodic basis, usually monthly. Core  >>> PCR data <<<  are information on the identity of borrowers, the size of any loans or credit lines outstanding with reporting institutions and their status. Status implies whether a loan is in good standing, past due, in default or other non-accrual status.\n\nThere are multiple motivations behi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PCR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "kans: A firm-level Perspective.\u201d http:// documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/444031591289647448/ pdf/The-Economic-and-Social-Impact-of-COVID-19-PrivateSector.pdf \n\n> 2 The COVID-19 crisis caused delays in publication of  >>> Q2 labor force survey data <<<  for Kosovo and", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Q2 labor force survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ted Courts have been completed These include: Kigumo, Engineer, Molo, Nyando, Makindu, Nyamira and Vihiga \n\n- Five newly constructed Courts are over **80%** to completion \n\n- Court data being collected daily through the  >>> Daily Court Returns Template <<<  (DCRT). Data capture for the Judiciary case tracking system is ongoing \n\n- Performance contracts rolled out in **280** courts, directorates and Judiciary agencies \n\n- **-** 1,473,342 million colour coded file folders were procured and distributed to all High Courts, Magistrates", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Daily Court Returns Template", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ement for **13** years that brings about both **Social Statistics** administrative and technical experience. He has coordinated the writing of very many reports like census monographs, demographic and health surveys and  >>> Multiple Cluster Surveys <<< . He has a number of certificates under his name that arise from short courses, workshops and seminars attended both locally and internationally. Some of them are on censuses, post census enumeration surveys, statistical Designs and Development, Sampling and weighting of data, St", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Multiple Cluster Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pendent advice to UETCL and BEL on the SEA process, focussing on the consultation activities and on the resettlement related activities. InterAid conducted the following tasks in their role as witness NGO: \n\n- Witnessed  >>> topographical surveys <<<  along the proposed transmission line route; \n\n- Witnessed on a sample basis, identification of stakeholders, including co-owners as per Ugandan laws (child land owners, spouses etc); \n\n- Witnessed information meetings with the affected communities; \n\n- Witnessed, on a sample bas", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "topographical surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "modeling firm AIR, which RR was based on the historical pattern of rainfall in Malawi. This catalog is available only for Malawi but suggests the degree of precision that modeling the weather offers as compared to using  >>> historical weather data <<< . The generated k are used with parameter estimates from tables 4.1 to 4.5 to simulate what consumption would be for each household under these weather conditions. Once consumption has been simulated for a given draw of the weather, variables that describe the simulated consumpti", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "historical weather data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Goods: is applicable for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<< ; \n\nWorks: is applicable for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rts on the same were released, while other reports are still under preparation. The preparatory activities for the **2019** Population and Housing Census were concluded and enumeration conducted with great success. Four  >>> census basis reports <<<  were also successfully released and launched for use. Other surveys and censuses were also carried out so as to strengthen the quality of statistical information released to all stakeholders. \n\nThe Bureau continued to strengthen the National and County Statistics Offices, but st", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census basis reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "k. Neither the SAR nor the Mid Term Review (MTR) contained a full logframe. The MTR stated indicators for outputs, but no indicators at the objective level. Also target values were not set for some output indicators. No  >>> aggregated data on indicators <<<  were available. The \n\n- 5 -", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "aggregated data on indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the unlawful occupation of many homes by people without legal title; but also, from the fracturing of the country post 1991 and the plural legal system as well as the widespread destruction or dispersal of many pre-war  >>> land title records <<< . Moreover, HLP is also sensitive for several reasons, and yet displaced people forced to leave homes, villages,", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "land title records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "= 1 _|_ **X** _i_ )) or the outcome regression models for _E_ [ _Yit|D_ = _d, T_ = _t,_ **X** _i_ ],<sup>16</sup> following Sant\u2019Anna and Zhao (2020).\n\n## **6.3.1 Who entered the university post FPE?**\n\nGiven that I use  >>> university administrative data <<< , which are not representative of the population, one basic concern could be that the students who got admitted into university post FPE program are different from those admitted pre-FPE in a number of ways. First, it could be that post FPE program, the number of those completing", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "university administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tes of the number of rafters handled during 2005 suggest<sup>a</sup> figure<sup>of around</sup> 5,000, which would make NRE the leading rafting company with Adrift<sup>in second</sup> place. \n\nNRE provided comprehensive  >>> statistics on customer numbers and expenditure <<< <sup>forits</sup> operations in 1999, 2000 and 2006 but was unable to do so for its<sup>first2 yearsof</sup> \n\nR.J. Burnside International Limited I-A 10045", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "statistics on customer numbers and expenditure", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ricity are from 2010 and were obtained from World Bank (2011); data for installed capacity for Sudan are from 2009 and were obtained from Platts (2009); data for power outages ere derived from Vennemo and Rosnes (2009);  >>> data for Emergency Generation <<<  from Eberhard and others (2008); data for firms that find power to be a constraint and firms with own generators are from 2007 and were obtained from World Bank (2009b); data on Sudan collection rate, revenue per unit, and system losses are for 2004 and were taken from World Ban", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data for Emergency Generation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e a standard methodology and this has limited their applicability as bases for definitive assessment of project effectiveness or impact. The key studies completed during the course of the project were the following: the  >>> Baseline Survey <<< ; the Farmer Follow-up Surveys; the Extension Staff Survey; and the Beneficiary Assessment. VVhile in some of the studies the survey data collection method employed resulted in potential bias, the studies do make it possible to do some qualitative assessment. A systematic compari", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Baseline Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for continuous (bidirectional) measurement error as well as percentage over- or TT+ \u03b1\u03b1 XX<sup>\u2217</sup> + \u03b1\u03b1 RR + \u03b1\u03b1 TTXX<sup>\u2217</sup> + \u03b1\u03b1 TTRR + \u03b1\u03b1 RR XX<sup>\u2217</sup> + \u03b1\u03b1 TTRR XX<sup>\u2217</sup> + \u03b5\u03b5 under-estimation in the  >>> post-harvest, post-treatment survey <<< , and pph stands for an indicator variable RR for those households/plots exposed to the informational treatment, stands for (log-transformed) TT GPS plot size measure, p is pre-treatment measurement error in self-reported plot size,XX<sup>\u221717</sup> is a vector of controls, additi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "post-harvest, post-treatment survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erstand the prevalence of persons with disabilities.  Administrative data of this type has limitations if it was improperly captured, if individuals were \u201cunregistered\u201d, or their disabilities were \u201cunidentified\u201d. \n\n2. ** >>> Service level data <<< ** on the availability of inclusive services (or barriers to be addressed) does not track individuals, but the proportion of services, facilities or activities in terms of accessibility to persons with disabilities. Data of this type can be used for program planning, setting targ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Service level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ary. More detailed information is also needed to capture the types of community problems citizens engage or the type of causes that participation in demonstrations are sought to reverse, which are not currently asked in  >>> Latinobar\u00f3metro <<< . Future efforts would also benefit from additional investments in quantifying the costs involved in different types of political participation. Flexible models allowing for nonlinearities capturing systems 26", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Latinobar\u00f3metro", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "[#21] [#22]  >>> Publicly available data on sovereign guarantees <<<  that support SOE debt is sparse (see section 5/b). It was therefore difficult to ascertain how commonplace such arrangements were.\n\n# c. RBLs by type of lender\n\nFrom our review of 30 RBLs, we identified 13 different creditors that extended RBLs to African countries during the pe", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Publicly available data on sovereign guarantees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ages is an increase in the informality of the economy.** Since undeclared work is, by definition, not reported to authorities, accurately estimating its size is challenging. Due to the availability of information in the  >>> EU labor force surveys <<< ,<sup>7</sup> Eurostat does not publish statistics on informal employment. Estimates of temporary work and self-employment are available, but they are considered imperfect proxies of informality. Other global databases of informality do not include recent Romania estimates.<sup>8", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "EU labor force surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "WSI to serve public good and interest. She went on to state that<br>NLC got a request from MoWSI to acquire land for Mwache dam in<br>accordance to the Land Act and MoWSI presented to NLC the RAP, EIA<br>reports and the  >>> schedule of PAPs identified in the RAP <<<  that included a<br>list of the people affected and their parcel acreages. NLC Commissioners<br>and Valuers had already carried out a reconnaissance visit to the project<br>area. NLC had published an intention to acquire gazette notice in 2018<br>with the corrigenda, addendum gaz", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "schedule of PAPs identified in the RAP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "led to the overturning of inaccurate preconceptions and false paradigms upon which past actions and policies had been based.\n\nTypically, information relating to residential energy consumption has been dealt with through  >>> country energy balances <<< , national budget surveys and micro-studies. Edch c' lhese has certain advantages which, however, are outweighed by their drawbacks. Instead, a dedicated, nationwide household energy survey can be the most effective means of generating relevant data for plaraiers, policymakers an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country energy balances", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Service Delivery Project (P178808) ESMF \n\nto safety inspections, including fatalities and incidents and implementation of corrective actions; (d) records relating to incidents of noncompliance with national law; and (e)  >>> records of training provided for contracted workers <<<  to explain labor and working conditions and OHS for the project. \n\n###### **11. PRIMARY SUPPLY WORKERS** \n\nAs identified in Section 2.1, the types of labor requirements for Primary Supply may have significant risks of child labor and minimum age. The IAs will require the primary", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "records of training provided for contracted workers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arning poverty and improving child and human capital outcomes.\n\nData on the status of early child development (ECD) in Pakistan are incomplete and, in the case of children under 3 years of age, data are largely missing.  >>> ECD data <<<  are not collected at the country-wide level, are only available for a small subset of children\u2014those aged 3-4 years\u2014and 2", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ECD data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", policy organizations, and organizations promoting open science have emphasized that original research data be publicly accessible for others to analyze and use. As a result of this concerted push, hundreds of original  >>> RCT data <<< sets from a wide variety of contexts and populations are already published and in principle accessible to researchers, with the potential to benefit numerous areas of research.\n\nHowever, there remain to date significant barriers to the discovery and use of existing RCT data. Publ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RCT data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", and preferred information methods, the results of which would be used to provide communities with messages on a wide range of topics. \n\n- It was valuable for NGOs to report landmine and ERW injuries and incidents to a  >>> central database <<< . However, challenges existed between MRE staff and hospital/health personnel who would not release requested information on injuries for reporting. Training was needed for MRE and health personnel so they could omit identifying data and ensure data sharing between actors. \n\n- Wh", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "central database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "usehold Income and Expenditure Survey|\n|Sri Lanka|2012-2013|20335|Household Income and Expenditure Survey|\n|Tajikistan|2009|1488|Tajikistan Panel Survey|\n|Uzbekistan|2003|9419|Household Budget Survey|\n|Vietnam|2012|9306| >>> Household Living Standard Survey <<< |\n|Yemen, Republic of|2005-2006|12998|Household Budget Survey|\n|Azerbaijan|2005|4797|Household Budget Survey|\n|Georgia|2014|10959|Household Integrated Survey|\n|Moldova|2014|4836|Household Budget Survey|\n|Ukraine|2012|10394|Sampling Survey of the Conditions of Life of Ukraine\u2019s Ho", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Living Standard Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "duced by the WELCOM tool will be based on microeconomic models in which the household is the unit of reference. The data requirements of the module include a representative sample of the population, information on total  >>> household expenditures <<< , and household expenditures on the product of interest where the market concentration is observed, or the competition policy reform is expected.\n\n# **4. The Mexico case study**\n\nMexico is well known for its history of monopolies, including TELMEX on fixed lines (privatized in 19", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household expenditures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rtion as they adjust their overall workforce levels. Some types of labor input are \u201cfixed\u201d and others \u201cvariable.\u201d Unfortunately, there is a substantial disparity in the level of details on occupational categories in the  >>> WBES <<<  and LFS surveys. That is, the WBES survey asks only about \u201cproduction\u201d and \u201cnon-production\u201d workers, whereas the LFS asks about occupation and job content.<sup>34</sup> We attempt to estimate the share of job 32 For example, prediction models may be selected on the basis of cros", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WBES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nge of interventions, such as fiscal, monetary and prudential policies (e.g. IMF Policy Tracker, COVID-19 Financial Response Tracker (CFRT) by the Yale Program on Financial Stability, IDB Summary of Policy Measures, and  >>> OECD Policy Tracker <<< ); others focus exclusively on prudential regulatory measures (e.g. Institute of International Finance\u2019s Regulatory Measures) or containment and economic support measures (e.g. Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT)).\n\nCompared to these projects, our database offers", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD Policy Tracker", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ernment in land registration, and for connected purposes. Section 7(1) of the Act provides for establishment of a land registry in each registration unit which shall keep registers of the following regarding land: \n\n- A  >>> land register <<< , in the form to be determined by the Commission; \n\n- The cadastral map; \n\n- Parcel files containing the instruments and documents that support subsisting entries in the land register. \n\n- Any plans which shall, after a date appointed by the Commission, be", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "land register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le institutionalization gains, but data quality must be treated as an active risk throughout the program cycle, not a baseline assumption.** UgIFT deliberately built on existing government data systems, including LGMSD,  >>> TELA <<< , and WEMIS, rather than creating parallel project structures, contributing to the \n\nPage 19 \n\nOfficial Use Only", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TELA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd Ferreira et al. (2013) only use a particular set of high and uppermiddle-income countries in LAC to define the regional middle-class bounds. The limitation of the selection of countries depends on the availability of  >>> longitudinal data <<< . Given that this is not a restriction in the proposed approach, expanding the number of countries, including high, upper-middle, and lowmiddle income, enhances the estimation results by increasing regional representativeness. Following Jolliffe et al. (2022) to check the robustn", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "longitudinal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ivately owned. The owners of the two sites have been identified and approached by MoE, which briefed them on the project and the need to construct more schools due to overcrowding and demand. They were briefed about the  >>> school mapping study <<<  as well as selection of suitable sites for new school construction based on site selection criteria. Both owners have expressed their agreement to sell each of their land for compensation. The North Ghor property is vacant, and no person(s) are occupying either land or drawing t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "school mapping study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "presents the empirical results and discusses the implications. Section 4 concludes.\n\n# **2. Data and Empirical Methodology**\n\n# **2.1. Sample**\n\nIn this section we describe the data sources used in this paper. We obtain  >>> bank level financial information from Bankscope <<< . We use stock market information from Compustat Global for international banks and stock market information from CRSP for U.S. banks. The Bankscope database reports detailed balance sheet and income statement information for both public and private banks and covers over 90% of t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bank level financial information from Bankscope", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Implementation Completion Report (ICR) Review \n\n**Independent Evaluation Group (IEG)** Kenya Statistics Program for Results (P149718) \n\n\n\nThe  >>> 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census <<<  (KPHC) delayed the release of certain KNBS staff needed for Program implementation, which, in turn, delayed the program. To compensate, the task team and the KNBS designed an action plan to ensure that it completed the remaining DLRs on time by breaking them down into smaller ti", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " grassland, construction of the access road will not require any vegetation loss. The site is not located near national power grid, so solar power will be the source of power. \n\n### **5.2 General Biological Baseline** \n\n >>> Biodiversity surveys <<<  were conducted within six sites i.e., for the proposed development of Kikorongo Junior staff houses, Kanyampala Junior staff houses, Kasenyi Entry Gate, Kisenyi Junior staff houses, Ishasha Junior staff houses, Guruka houses Junior staff houses. \n\n### **5.2.1 Flora** \n\nQENP is a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Biodiversity surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " challenge that Morocco faces in bringing women into the labor market. From a macroeconomic point of view, increased FLFP would put more labor inputs to use, thus improving the country\u2019s productive capacity. From a\n\n> 1  >>> World Development Indicators 2020 <<< .\n\n> 2 In urban areas, education levels of the employed are somewhat higher and more evenly distributed.\n\n2", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion.</sup> \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nTraining ofBatwa  in Semliki  NP in handcraft making<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n# **_Inventory of medicinal herbs used by Batwa_** \n\nDuring the year, the two phases of  >>> inventory of medicinal herbs <<<  in Semliki, Bwindi and Mgahinga were completed. At Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, a team composed of five (5) staff together with four (4) Batwa representatives. In all the 3 PAs, the respective staff, working together with representatives of the Batwa concluded field exercises", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory of medicinal herbs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ar ended on June 30,2024. \n\nThis responsibility includes (i) Maintaining adequate financial management arrangement and ensuring that these continue to be effective throughout the reporting period, (ii)Maintaining proper  >>> accounting records <<< , which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Program, (iii)Designing, implementing and maintaining internal controls relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statement, and ensuring that they are free from material ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "their use or disposal. - Assets are safeguarded against theft, pilferage, unnecessary wear and tear. We confirmed that all project assets were protected. VI.Accounting and protection of records The project maintains its  >>> accounting records <<<  both manually and electronically. We reviewed this aspect of internal control to confirm whether the accounting procedures currently in place are preventive and detective in nature so as to ensure the integrity of records. We further inquired, whether the system manual or electr", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " key demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the households including age and sex structure, religious and ethnic affiliations, educational status, and occupation or employment status of household members. The  >>> household survey <<<  also collected data on farm landholdings, livestock ownership. housing and household amenities, livelihood assets and strategies, annual cash income and expenditure, access to and utilization of communally owned natural resources, access to social services (healthcare, education", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of Use of SIDC\"), the Recipient represents and warrants to the Bank that it will cause such persons to abide by those terms and conditions. \n\nThis Authorization replaces and supersedes any Authorization currently in the  >>> Bank records <<<  with respect to the Agreement(s) referred to in the subject line of this Authorization. \n\n## **Signatory Details** \n\n|**Name**|**Position**|**Email ID**|\n|---|---|---|\n|**[Signatory Name]**|**[Title]**|**[Email]**|\n\n\n\n## **Spedmen Signatures** \n\n|SignatoryName|Signature1|Signatu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# 2 Data\n\nOur primary data source is  >>> household survey data on disposable income or consumption <<<  available in PIP. We use data from 1,989 surveys covering 168 countries for the period 1991 and 2020. We exclude data before the 1990s as the quality was generally worse then, particularly for low- and middle-income countries. The data are standardized as far as possible but dif", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data on disposable income or consumption", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tworks (e.g., KIEP 250+ processes, the BDS-provider database, strengthened intermediaries under SKIES, Startup Savanna linkages, and iTATU\u2019s hosting arrangement with Kenya Private Sector Alliance (KEPSA)), and the first  >>> industrial mapping and database for Nairobi <<<  are likely to persist. However, anchoring KIEP in a time-bound PIU, together with the earlier pause and partial cancellation, highlights continued vulnerability to budget timing, documentation gaps, and staff turnover. Residual risks are mainly fiscal and administrative\u2014underfun", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "industrial mapping and database for Nairobi", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ivelihoods and standards of living at regular intervals so that the latest information is available at the time of their displacement. \n\n(b) Other studies describing: \n\n(i) land tenure and transfer systems, including an  >>> inventory of common property natural resources <<<  from which people derive their livelihoods and sustenance, and non-title-based \n\nPrepared by Wubshet Berhanu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory of common property natural resources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erty characteristics provided by the verification team on the basis of their observations, such as the number of floors, the presence of a fence, the quality of landscaping, and the kind of road the property is on.\n\nThe  >>> administrative tax records <<<  provide the payment history of each property owner from 2014 to 2020. In addition, clerks at the tax office made note of each property owner that visited the tax office in response to the notice: even if no payment was recorded, taxpayers might visit the office to set up a payme", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative tax records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iority Enforcement Program, and Pearson (2024) the effects of the 2012 Deferred Action for Early Childhood Arrivals. Another close contribution is Xie and Baumer (2021), who offer a descriptive study using data from the  >>> National Crime Victimization Survey <<< .\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Crime Victimization Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " is possible for the communication and free cost treatments, the results are still reassuring, with only one out of ten coefficients being significant at the 10 percent level.\n\n# **4.5. Follow-up Surveys**\n\nA very short  >>> phone survey of firms <<<  selected for the communication and free cost treatments was carried out between April 10 and 18, 2012 by Sensus. The purpose of this survey was to follow-up with the firms that had received the communication or free cost content and see whether they had started the process of fo", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "phone survey of firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " which sensitive questions are asked so that the identity of the respondent is obscured from interviewers, bystanders, and other potential social referents.\n\nWhile most of the core topics shared between the PPCS and the  >>> Facebook survey <<<  could have been considered sensitive, we expect that in this context the questions on conflict exposure and mental health may have been more sensitive than the questions on food insecurity and COVID-19 exposure. Respondents may have perceived the questions on personal exposure t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Facebook survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt from the World Bank\u2019s MPM.\n\n> 18For instance, prices are imperfectly captured through unit values, rents implicitly perceived by homeowners are imperfectly captured through hedonic regressions, recall periods used in  >>> household consumption surveys <<<  affects welfare aggregates, etc.\n\n> 19At this stage, it is an open question which of these two choices should yield the larger \u201csignal-tonoise ratio\u201d given the data available. On the one hand, the global MPI include a few variables capturing \u201cstandard of living\u201d, which may serve", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household consumption surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " between March and November of that year. The KMS was the first in a series of periodic household surveys undertaken by the Center for Development Studies, headquartered in Trivandrum, Kerala. Five years after the first  >>> KMS survey <<< , in 2003, the Center for Development Studies conducted a second wave of the KMS covering 10,012 households. A unique feature of the 2003 KMS survey was the creation of panel data: 5,000 households from the 1998 survey were selected for revisits, and the survey team successfully ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KMS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "output. Human capital share is calculated as the total wage bill divided by output minus the labor share. Finally, physical capital share is calculated as the residual.\n\nWhile we acknowledge potential limitations of the  >>> pollution data <<<  and the analytical framework used, we believe that these exercises are in line with the literature and can help to provide insights for the ongoing policy debate.\n\n# **V. Results**\n\nThis section presents and discusses the results from the two quantitative exercises. In each case", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "pollution data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the pandemic are most likely to be left out. The cumulative lack of adequate social-\n\n> 2 Data on caregiver engagement with stimulating activities was not collected for children in Balochistan under the age of 3 in the  >>> 2010 MICS survey <<< . The 2019-2020 data in Balochistan is forthcoming, but not yet available.\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 MICS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d for national and international poverty monitoring.\n\nFor most high-income countries, the survey data available in PovcalNet are for income (rather than consumption), originating from the Luxembourg Income Study and the  >>> European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions <<<  (EU-SILC). To ensure better coverage of consumption surveys from high-income countries in our sample, we supplement with data from other sources. For European countries, we derive consumption means from Eurostat\u2019s 6 From World Development Indicators (WDI), we use the following s", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " excessive rain, droughts and floods, and heatwaves. This already causes crop- \n\n> 3 Kenya Climate Risk Country Profile (2020); Kenya Country Climate and Development Report (forthcoming 2023) \n\n> 4 Worldwide ranking by  >>> ND-GAIN Index <<< , https://gain-new.crc.nd.edu/country/kenya \n\nPage 10", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ND-GAIN Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "expected return to adopting new procedures that have such outcomes as objectives.\n\nThe only cross-country data that is available on the procurement \u2018performance\u2019 of countries are international surveys. An example is the  >>> survey of perceptions <<<  of\n\n> the WTO Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement Practices, at <u>http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gproc_e.htm; the World Bank\u2019s Country Procurement</u> Assessment Reports (not all of which are publicly available); and Individual Action Plans of A", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of perceptions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pations classification (SOC) and can be matched with labor force surveys.\n\n18 Including the O*NET GEP, Burning Glass Technologies (BG) green list, US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), GTP survey, IAB Janser (2018) list,  >>> UN Environmental GS <<< , and the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) skills taxonomy.\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UN Environmental GS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Decoupling and recoupling**\n\n >>> TIC data <<<  collect cross-border holdings of securities measured at market value through security-level surveys (that is, information is reported separately for each security) that conflate data from custodians, issuers, and investors. As the data is collected by the US Treasury, it compris", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "TIC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sions, understanding and help of senior and other officials interviewed. \n\n**OED** has reviewed the Appraisal and President's Reports, the Minutes of the Executive Directors' Meeting at which the project was considered,  >>> Bank records and files <<< , historic information, as well as earlier **OED** audits and the PCR, and has found that the PCR covers the direct, immediate experiences of implementing the project., However, **OED** has found that the conclusions of the PCR need amplification. The Audit accordingly expands on", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank records and files", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ments from Lebanon may not be adequate upon return to confirm nationality. Additionally, UNHCR had to stop refugee registration in 2015, but NGOs continue assisting both registered and non-registered refugees. Access to  >>> data on birth registration <<<  is also challenging. \n\nSouth Africa: Corruption in the South African refugee system and significant indirect discrimination. Asylumseekers stay in the asylum-system for five to fifteen years", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on birth registration", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Institutional readiness can help to successful achievement of digital reforms.** The Project experience demonstrates that digital transformation in land administration must be properly sequenced and legally enabled. The  >>> Uganda National Land Information System <<<  was initially designed and piloted under the parent project, offering real-time search functionality and public access features. Under the Additional Financing (AF), these capabilities were scaled up through expanded digitization, decentralized service delivery, and increased us", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Land Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lnerable in these circumstances, not benefiting in the same way as nationals from formal or informal safety nets.</mark> 10 <mark>P</mark> rogress made in self-reliance has been severely undermined.11 \n\n> 6 _Source: The  >>> Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project <<<  (ACLED); see also the report of the Center for Strategic and International Studies on irregular armed groups stepping up operations during COVID:_ \n\n_<u>https://www.csis.org/analysis/extremist-groups-stepping-operations-during-covid-19-outbreak-sub-saharan-africa</u>_ \n\n> 7 _The", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e review of the GVC literature, including the advantages and limitations of both macro and micro approaches, see Antr\u00e0s and Chor (2022) and Johnson (2018).\n\n5Even in countries where both accounting-type firm records and  >>> transaction-based customs information <<<  are available, combining these datasets can be challenging and often leads to matching errors. For a detailed discussion on matching efficiency, see Egger et al. (2021).\n\n4", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "transaction-based customs information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ht Saving Anomaly\u2016 (Kamstra et al., 2000) turned out to about equity returns in international capital markets in consequence of sleep disruption, and so was excluded. Contoyannis et al. on \u2015The Dynamics of Health in the  >>> British Household Panel Survey <<< \u2016 (Contoyannis et al., 2004) could on the face of it have been assigned either to category 1 (Health and its value) or 3 (Determinants of health and ill-health) but on closer inspection was assigned to category 3 given its concentration on the impact of health status in a previou", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "British Household Panel Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies.  In addition to recommended reforms in the telecom \n\n> 5 Excluding public administration. \n\n> 6  ICT Association of Jordan (Intaj) sector profile, 2018 \n\n> 7 ibid \n\n> 8 World Bank National Accounts Data, 2018 \n\n> 9  >>> Labor Force Survey <<< , 2018 (DoS) \n\n> 10 The Atlas of Economic Complexity, 2017 \n\n> 11 ibid \n\nPage 7 of 106", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Labor Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "les; and vehicle fumes. In general, Uganda does not have governmentcontrolled air quality monitoring stations and, therefore, there is no regular air quality monitoring in any of the project districts and, therefore, no  >>> air quality data <<< . However, private entities such as research organisations, embassies (such as that of the United States) monitor air quality within cities like Kampala, Jinja, Masaka and others to collect baseline data of their interest. Additionally, project developers are expected to collect ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "air quality data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "C and JKF prepare annual budget estimates that are approved by parliament to use through Appropriation Bill. JKF budget is based on its own incomes (appropriation in aid). The annual budget estimates are captured in the  >>> IFMIS <<<  through the budget classification codes. The IFMIS system is capable of tracking budget executions reports by fund source and project components and specific program expenditures. Budget processing in MoE, TSC and JKF is led by the budget office and follows the government budget", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y connected at the beginning of the sample. The value of investment in the North-to-South, South-to-North, and Southto-South blocks combined represented about 4 percent of world GDP for portfolio investment and\n\n> 1 The  >>> data on international reserves <<< ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on international reserves", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Nottingham for helpful comments and discussions. We are also grateful to the Ministry of Labor, the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade and the National Confederation of Industry (CNI) for providing the  >>> administrative data <<<  used in the paper. Research for this paper has been supported in part by the World Bank\u2019s Multidonor Trust Fund for Trade and Development and through the Strategic Research Partnership on Economic Development. We remain responsible for any errors.\n\n- The World Bank. E-mail: pbas", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "te was not significantly different across the treatment and control groups.<sup>15</sup>\n\n# **4.2 Data and Empirical Specification**\n\nThe data for this study come from two main sources: the baseline enumeration data and  >>> administrative records on tax payments <<< . The baseline enumeration data include the property block and number (using a numbering system put in place by a pilot project of the postal office), the community name, the name and phone number of the resident with whom the enumeration survey was completed and his or her relat", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative records on tax payments", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o, Kyegegwa, Lamwo, Madi Okollo & Terego, Obongi and Yumbe \n\niv UNHCR et al. (2020). Analysis of refugee vulnerabilities in Uganda. \n\nv World Bank. 2019. Informing the Refugee Policy Response in Uganda. Results from the  >>> Uganda Refugee and Host Communities. 2018 Household Survey <<< . \n\nviAs of March 2021, there were 29 Vocational Training Institutes (VTIs) located in RHDs, with two districts not having any vocational/technical schools. Only 1,820 refugees and 2,091 nationals were enrolled in TVET in the refugee-hosting subcounties, which translates to 0.4% ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda Refugee and Host Communities. 2018 Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oject, Resettlement / Rehabilitation Framework - DRAFT March 2010 \n\n## _12. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ARRANGEMENTS_ \n\nMonitoring and evaluation will be a continuous process. The EEPCo will continuously take stock of all  >>> expropriation compensation reports <<<  and discuss it on regular basis. \n\nAfter completion of the resettlement /rehabilitation operations, it is expected that PAPs will have a better or improved way of life compared to their prior resettlement situation. Therefore, resettlement /rehabilitation operations need to be m", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "expropriation compensation reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  WHERE IS IT AT?**\n\n26. The privatization of more, and more important, enterprises would tend to suggest that government ownership has declined over the years. But a systematic assessment is difficult in the absence of  >>> data on state enterprise sectors <<< , in particular their share of GDP, investment, domestic credit, formal sector employment, and the like. Such data was last captured for industrial and developing countries for the period 1978-91 in the World Bank\u2019s Bureaucrats in Business Report (1995). Since then the 2000 World", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on state enterprise sectors", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s intense than in urban centers, and a higher incidence of such readings could result in a skewed sample. Furthermore, sectors like agriculture, which are less dependent on electricity, might not be fully represented by  >>> nightlight data <<< . This is particularly true for poorer households in rural areas that may not have access to electricity, rendering them invisible in satellite-based observations. Consequently, vital aspects of a developing economy might be missed when relying exclusively on nightlight data for ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nightlight data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd legal aid services (including on HLP-related matters) to rural areas, addressing the reported physical barriers that residents face in accessing administrative services and documentation outside of the city. \n\n> i <u> >>> UNHCR Operational Data Portal <<<  - Ukraine Refugee Situation</u> \n\n> ii <u>IOM Ukraine \u2014 Internal Displacement Report \u2014 General Population Survey Round 16 - April 2024</u> \n\n> iii <u>Ukraine Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan 2024 - December 2023</u> \n\n> iv <u>OHCHR, Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR Operational Data Portal", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " attendance sheets based on an  >>> automated attendance register <<<  are maintained by the attendance supervisor, who reports absences to the HR and responsible departments. All payroll records are kept in a secure, centralized computerized payroll data base that is updated daily from paper-based reports from the various directorates. The data ba", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "automated attendance register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u201clast completed month\u201d, and the CMMHH asked individuals about their main activity in the \u201cpast month.\u201d _Figure 8: Georgia: Timeline of Surveys_\n\n|||CFUW<br>BES1|||||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||CFUWBES2| >>> GHFPS1 <<< ||||\n|Apr-20|May-20|Jun-20|Jul-20 Aug-20<br>Sep-20|Oct-20 Nov-20|Dec-20|Jan-21|Feb-21|Mar-21|\n\nSource: CFUWBES Implementation Reports and GHFPS round 1 main findings. Notes: The CFUWBES asked employee levels at the end of the \u201clast completed month\u201d, and the GHFPS1 (Georgia High-F", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHFPS1", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "abor Ministry.<sup>1</sup> We study the effects of the CF\u2019s on entry by firms in 18 sectors (11 manufacturing, 7 service) into 265 \u201curban agglomerations\u201d (see description below) over the years 1993-2001.<sup>2</sup> The  >>> RAIS database <<<  contains a vast range of information for all economic establishments in the formal sector in Brazil from 1986 onward. For each establishment in this database, we have annual information on the number of employees at the beginning and end of each year; total salaries and wages; i", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAIS database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "been greatly expanded to achieve near-global coverage on a rotating threeyear cycle to inform the World Bank\u2019s new Business Ready report series. The WGI also include data from several regional household survey programs ( >>> Afrobarometer <<< , Latinobarometro, Americas Barometer, and European Quality of Governance Survey), as well as one global household survey (the Gallup World Poll). In addition, one of our data sources, the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index, is a hybrid combining findings from an expert asse", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Afrobarometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Methodology**|**Outputs**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|1|Compiling information<br>about road conditions<br>before the upgrade|Review of Final Design<br>Reports and the PAD|Physical attributes of the road sections,<br>including  >>> inventory and condition data <<< ,<br>geometric features,etc.|\n|2|Collecting data on the<br>latest project status|Review of the latest Monthly<br>Progress Reports|Project implementation progress, actual<br>project costs, pavement design, road<br>condition,etc.|\n|3|Reviewing the latest traffic<br>studies data|Rev", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory and condition data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "local governments share the same tax bases and the center is responsible for tax collection,  >>> tax base data <<<  can be easily obtained from the central tax authorities. In cases where local tax bases differ from central tax bases, local tax authorities should be required to provide annual tax base figures to the central government agency in charge of\n\n## 20 Hen: \"local governments\" refers", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax base data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n   4. Shelter Assessment: Household Level (8 SDs) \n\n##### **Non sector/cluster led assessments and other sources** \n\n- OCHA-led multi-sector operational partner assessments through Key Informants \u2013 83 sub-districts \n\n-  >>> Needs and Population Monitoring project <<<  (NPM) through Key Informants \u2013 147 sub-districts on NFIs and 146 on Shelter \n\n- UNHabitat-led Urban Community Profile initiative through Key informants \u2013 35 sub-districts \n\n- OCHA IDP and Population Task Force data \n\n**For further information please contact Whole of Syria Shelte", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Needs and Population Monitoring project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> BMIS <<< )was</sup><br>launched.|\n\n\n\n- Component **7:** Project implementation and monitoring \n\n   - **i.** Support supervisory, assessment **&** monitoring of surge<sup>capacitystaff recruitedunder</sup><sup>**by**</sup> the-prfject. **xii**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "efore significant activities ensured KNBS staff had the requisite skills in the latest software to produce high-quality and timely outputs. As a part of capacity building, the World Bank trained 21 KNBS staff in 2016 on  >>> household survey data <<<  analysis using STATA. Staff in different areas of the KNBS were trained with technical skills to clean and analyze survey data. This shortened the time to prepare data, produce timely indicators and write the three reports created using the 2015/16 KIHBS. The World Bank also tra", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on 4 concludes with a discussion of the implications for policy and programming.\n\n# **2. Data and Methods**\n\n## Research Design and Data Collection Strategy\n\nGallup Pakistan was contracted by the World Bank to conduct a  >>> nationally representative survey <<< . As pandemic health protocols precluded in-person interviews, interviews were conducted by telephone. Calls were made from December 2021 to February 2022 using random digit dialing (RDD) of mobile phones using all four telecom providers with active numbers across the country.\n\n8", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationally representative survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f there are rare, endemic or restricted species in the area. However, the reserve shares the same biodiversity characteristics with Rwenzori and Semliki National Parks whose biological diversity was is documented in the  >>> National Biodiversity Assessment Report Series <<<  of 1996. In this plan, it is expected that due effort will be carried out to ensure that vegetation within valleys (natural belts) are conserved to maximise conservation", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Biodiversity Assessment Report Series", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ces. Understanding such potential selection at the micro-level arguably requires measures that go beyond years of schooling attained or literacy and more complex measures of skills or abilities are sometimes included in  >>> household surveys <<<  in developing countries. Yet the measurement of skills in developing country field conditions poses substantial challenges, and the related measurement error and its potential implications for empirical work have received little attention.\n\nThis paper contributes with the result", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "L E OFS** \n\n##### Kenya National Bureau of Statistics \n\n   - National launch of the 2014 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey<sup>(KDHS)</sup> main report was done in January **2016.** \n\n   - Data collection for **2015**  >>> Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey <<< <sup>wasdonein August</sup> **2015.** \n\n   - Implementation of both National Tuberculosis<sup>(TB)PrevalenceSurveyand</sup> STEPs Survey of non-communicable diseases<sup>risk factor.Bothwere funded</sup> **by** the Ministry of Health. \n\n   - Development of Draft reports for all t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Kenya Malaria Indicator Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "decline in poverty, and GDP and per capita income growth continued to be strong under this series of operations.  While it is probable that this growth also had a positive impact on poverty in general, there were no new  >>> poverty line data <<<  developed during this series of operations,  and an evaluation cannot be made at this time on these operations impact on overall, or regional income-based poverty. \n\nIn terms of gender impact, gender \u2013 and the gender-related issues of population growth, and infant and maternal m", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "poverty line data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " source in the Endnotes. \n\nv OHCHR Ukraine: Civilian Casualty Update 5 June 2023. Figures are likely higher due to lack of access to areas under temporary military  occupation. vi IDPs and Returnees estimates - IOM DTM,  >>> General Population Survey <<<  \u2013 Round 13 May 2023 \n\nvii Non-Displaced estimate \u2013 OCHA Baseline of Population Affected \u2013 September 2022 \n\nviii Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Conflict and Violence Data. http://internal-displacement.org/countries/ukraine. Figures derive from 14 2014 to 31 December 2021.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "General Population Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s learned from the ongoing health project. Risks related to the contracting process will be mitigated by requiring PHCCs and hospitals to develop a detailed project implementation readiness plan, based on the results of  >>> rapid facility assessments <<<  that focus on the project\u2019s goals, design, and expected outcomes. The readiness plans will clearly \n\nPage 27 of 54", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "rapid facility assessments", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e**\n\nOur work contributes to the rapidly expanding literature aiming to understand the impacts of COVID-19 on labor markets. Early in the crisis, most of the empirical studies focused on high-income countries given that  >>> real time data <<<  is more available for them. Many studies highlighted the heterogeneous effects of the pandemic on different segments of workers and traced these in part to the differential ability to work remotely (Adams-Prassl et al., 2020), but also to issues such as infection risk, labor mar", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "real time data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ight differ for refugees and natives.<sup>28</sup> These estimates do not take the lower education levels of refugees into account, since this variable is missing in our main sample. This information is available in the  >>> Structural Survey <<< , which is carried out yearly since 2010 and covers each year approximately 2.5% of", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Structural Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th and safety and has experience of implementing some of the measures such as distributing PPE to its workers. \n\n- EEU has a better experience of distributing PPE to its workers up to service center level. \n\n- EEU keeps  >>> records of occupation and community accidents and incidents <<< . Further, the major accidents (leading to fatalities and injuries) are investigated and compensated. \n\n- \u2022 Due to the nature of the work which demands a certain set of skills obtained through training in TVET colleges and EEU\u2019s commitment and effort to recruit all workers (inclu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "records of occupation and community accidents and incidents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 1993-2014 (information on parental background is not available before the starting date \u2013 originally consisting of 112,690 individuals, which reduces to 107,846 when considering non-missing information.\n\n- **Germany:**  >>> German Socio-economic Panel <<<  (SOEP) \u2013 11 surveys, covering the period 1984-2013 \u2013 originally including 156,338 individuals, then reduced to 133,467 in case of non-missing information.\n\n- **France:** Household Budget Survey (HBS), conducted by the Banque de France) \u2013 6 surveys, covering the period 1978-2005 ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "German Socio-economic Panel", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "interventions, there is a need for evidence on where to find the neediest children along these dimensions, to allow for more targeted and evidence-based policy making and interventions, given limited resources.\n\n> 1 See  >>> World Bank Indicators <<<  Population ages 0-14 (% of total population) <u>https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS?locations=NG</u>\n\n2", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tent of measurement error in self-reports affects subsequent farmer reporting on plot-level fertilizer and labor inputs, indicating that the effects of measurement error and updating spill over across variables and that  >>> survey data <<<  on non-land agricultural inputs may likewise contain significant NCME that correlates with the measurement error in plot area, with direct implications on the estimates of marginal returns to these inputs and a range of behavioral and policy parameters of interest.\n\nWe cannot id", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erce and Industry Business<br>Confidence Index|Bureau<br>of<br>Economic<br>Research,<br>South African Chamber of<br>Commerce and Industry|\n|KOR|Monthly consumer survey index of inflation expectations|Bank of Korea|\n|SWE| >>> Monthly consumer trend survey <<<  of the general economic<br>situation and inflation|National<br>Institute<br>of<br>Economic Research|\n\n41", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Monthly consumer trend survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "anatory variables would have substantially cut the sample size.\n\n# **4. Data**\n\nData used in this study come from several sources. The CO2 emissions and energy consumption data are from International Energy Agency (IEA)  >>> Fuel Combustion Statistics database <<<  and World Energy Statistics and Balances database", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Fuel Combustion Statistics database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The purpose of the present paper is to investigate whether the oversight potential of parliaments is related to other variables; however, we present two major differences from Maffio\u2019s paper. First, instead of using the  >>> 1986 IPU data <<< , we use the data that the IPU collected in collaboration with the World Bank Institute (WBI) in 2001. Our analyses are performed on the 83 cases for which the IPU-WBI data are available<sup>8</sup> . And second, in contrast to Maffio, we investigate whether there is any relation", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1986 IPU data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation and dividend yields.\n\nWe have collected data on daily stock market capitalization and annualized dividend yields from Datastream. Total deposits at year end, net loans at year end and ownership data are taken from  >>> BankScope <<< . For missing observations we have consulted Bloomberg. Ownership data is collected as follows. We distinguish between four concentrated ownership forms. State-owned (the state, treasury, military or other government-institution owns shares in the bank), family-owned (a family or", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BankScope", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mochilas en C\u00facuta pr\u00e1cticamente desde que inici\u00f3 su viaje migratorio. El sujeto se muestra con una consideraci\u00f3n productiva de s\u00ed mismo, pero a la vez se muestra en b\u00fasqueda de emociones. Orientado a la pro- \n\n> 22 Las  >>> encuestas S13, S12, S15 <<<  son complementarias. Se han numerado de la misma manera como se numeraron las grabaciones y las transcripciones de las entrevistas. Por ello en los documentos anal\u00edticos se produce un salto entre los sujetos numerados 11 y 14. La numeraci\u00f3n se hizo manteniendo la obtenci\u00f3n crono", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "encuestas S13, S12, S15", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation rate of 52 percent in 2009, while a rate of 85 percent is reported for Ethiopia, Sudan\u2019s neighbor, and a rate of 81 percent is reported for Angola, a relatively richer country.<sup>1</sup> Even for countries where  >>> micro data from household surveys <<<  are widely available, the methods of questionnaire design and implementation generate indicators which fail to capture", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "micro data from household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le or law which restricts the intended land use. \n\n(8) In determining the damage resulting from diminution of the profits of the land, the Commission shall require proof of existence of the profits including evidence of  >>> tax returns <<< . \n\n(9) For purposes of Article 40(4) of the Constitution, compensation to be made to occupants in good faith of land compulsorily acquired who may not hold title to the land shall be assessed based on\u2014 \n\n- a) the number of persons in actual occupation of the land for an uninterr", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax returns", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> fixed asset register <<< . \n\n17. Further the assessment notes that internal audit functions are in place in  MoE, JKF and TSC with qualified and experienced staff.  Though MoE has 11 officers, the audit universe is equally wide. So, follow ups of audits recommendations in the counties has not been done. ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fixed asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "discusses these issues in more detail.\n\nThe  >>> data on relative factor endowments and factor intensities <<<  is taken from Cadot, Tumurchudur, and Shirotori (2009). While finding proxies for factor endowments at the country level is relatively straightforward (physical capital constructed according to the perpetual inventory method, years of schooling, hectares of arable land, number o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on relative factor endowments and factor intensities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s between year dummies and industry dummies); column (4): adds initial conditions to control for firm-specific trends; column (5): adds the share of imported inputs. Data are from the Encuesta Nacional Industrial Anual ( >>> National Annual Industrial Survey <<< ), Chile 2001-2005.\n\n18", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Annual Industrial Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> fiscal data <<< ); (v) other capacity building activities to support PFM strengthening at Federal and regional levels. \n\nPart C3.  Financial Transparency and Social Accountability . \n\nThis activity aims to strengthen and deepen Financial Transparency and Accountability (FTA) and social accountab", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fiscal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts in Subproject influence areas. Hence, the socio-economic study was involved relevant data collection at Subproject Woreda and Kebele levels, stakeholder identification & consultation, impact identification as well as  >>> baseline socioeconomic survey <<<  of Subproject affected households. For the present Woliso Substation and associated transmission line Subproject the Socio-economic baseline study was conducted in October 2023 during the ESIA study. \n\nAs part of the processes for preparing this RP for the proposed Woliso SS and", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " one city administration through stakeholders\u2019 consultations, key informant interviews, and desk review. Field data from sample regions and a city administration were collected by MOE\u2019s professionals. The sources of the  >>> field data <<<  were school communities, local communities, and selected regional bureaus and woreda offices.  The experiences of the stakeholders in environmental and social risks on previous WB financed projects which are similar to ETOL project have been thoroughly explored. Stakeholders als", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "field data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e end of projects (IEG 2010). Economic costs are even more challenging. Data on opportunity costs are rare, notwithstanding their centrality to economic analysis. Even more challenging than these considerations of basic  >>> cost data <<<  are the important issues of apportioning Cost (and often benefit) components when an evaluated project is part of a larger multi-arm effort with multiple outcomes and benefits.\n\nThese data and methodological challenges reflect an apparent lack of up-front planning to do VFM type", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "problem was convincing: \u201cI rated BB high... because I think the business idea is really necessary... I see its use and purpose.\u201d These investors used similar criteria to that elaborated by Gompers and coauthors in their  >>> survey of earlystage investors <<<  (2020). In the control group, all nine investors evaluated static criteria (100%). As shown in Table 6, in the treatment group, three of the seven treated investors (43%) also described how they gathered data on static criteria in at least one of their responses.\n\nSome investors", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of earlystage investors", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "......._<br>...._**.** _<br>....................<br>!~_Q.n...~t.._..._....|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|V I<br>|||74% offarmers|\n|<br>aU~tat'<br>.quantl<br>Iveor<br>'QI'.)<br>uaI<br>_\u2022\u2022.\u2022__'.'..\u2022._,.\u2022__<br>..\u2022\u2022_ \u2022_____\u2022. ,...|No  >>> baseline data <<< <br>'1bI", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " working age, mp. The urbanization ratio, ur, is de...ned as the ratio between the number of people living in urban areas, up, and total population, tp. Annual time series of each of the variables were obtained from The  >>> World Development Indicators <<< .\n\nThe terms of trade, tot, is an index that shows the national accounts exports price index divided by the imports price index, with 1995 as base year. Annual time series of tot for each country were obtained from The World Development Indicators.\n\nPer capita gdp, pcgdp, is de..", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tive strategy for countervailing, or at least reducing, the impact of shocks.\n\nWe use data for Colombia, a country that has experienced a long-standing conflict for over 60 years. The data collected is the baseline of a  >>> longitudinal survey of 4,800 rural households <<< , the first household survey applied in Colombia to households living in conflict regions, as until recently, most research has concentrated on forcefully displaced populations. Forced displacement, an extreme coping strategy utilized in times of warfare, is widespread in Colombi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "longitudinal survey of 4,800 rural households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\nThe following attempts to provide more detail on these three impacts. \n\n## **1.Reduction, delay and suspension of critical protection services** \n\n\n\n\n\n<u> >>> National Protection Cluster Activity Info Reports <<< , July 2024</u> \n\n5", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Protection Cluster Activity Info Reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "within small, medium and large exporting firms.\n\nIn addition to the work cited above, this paper complements and extends other strands of existing research. In particular, it adds to a growing empirical literature using  >>> workerfirm data <<<  to examine the link between exporting, skills and wages (Fr \u0301\u0131as, Kaplan and Verhoogen, 2012; Helpman, Itskhoki, Muendler and Redding, 2012). An important question in this literature has been the extent to which higher wages among exporting firms reflect sorting on individual ab", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "workerfirm data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "violence often associated with reporting acts of GBV and survivors\u2019 limited access to reporting mechanisms and services. \n\nThe GBVIMS was rolled out in South Sudan in 2014. It currently includes 15 member organizations.  >>> GBVIMS data <<<  that is shared is only from reported cases in areas where the data-gathering organizations are providing services, and is in no way representative of the total incidence or prevalence of GBV in South Sudan. These statistical trends are generated exclusively by GBV service provid", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBVIMS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ivities: in 2010 85% of global mine action funds were allocated to clearance, with only 9% going to victim assistance interventions. Moreover, the age-sensitive activities that are conducted remain focused on collecting  >>> disaggregated data <<< , rather than on actions designed to address the specific needs of children.<sup>236</sup> In 2009 a Handicap International survey of more than 1,600 survivors from 25 affected countries, found that almost two thirds of respondents reported that services for child survivors of la", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cial statements _for_ each nancial year which gives atrue and fa **view** of the state ot affairs of the Project as at the erd of the frnancoa year. The Projoct management is requi.red to ensure the Project keeps proper  >>> accounting records <<<  which disclose with reasonab e accuracy at ary time the fmancal position ot the Project They are also responsile fo sateguard ng the assets of **the** Project and are ultiately responsibte for the intemai cntrols Standards and systems f interra control are desgned and mrplemente", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion lives in Almaty, but only 3% of the poor. In Mexico, 27% of the population resides in Mexico City and the other very large metropolitan areas of the 12 Again with the exception of Kenya, for which we do not have the  >>> disaggregated poverty mapping data <<< .", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated poverty mapping data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "National Bureau of Statistics.  >>> Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey <<<  (COVID-19 NLPS) 2020-2021, Phase 1. Dataset downloaded from</mark> <u>https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/3712</u> <mark>on January 2, 2024.</mark>\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Nigeria COVID-19 National Longitudinal Phone Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tistics summary**\n\nThe research relies on four types of data: panel data on firm use of cloud, big data and AI technologies; matched employer-employee data; details regarding the introduction and changes to the AIA; and  >>> firm capital investment data <<< .\n\nAll firm level data are taken from the Office for National Statistics (ONS), which is the UK\u2019s Census Bureau equivalent. Information on cloud, big data analytics and AI adoption is available through the E-commerce Survey. The survey contains questions on firm use of different ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm capital investment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "addition,  >>> wage data <<<  are likely to be affected by wage arrears and non-payment of wages, a problem particularly pronounced in CIS (particularly at the early stage of the transition).  Finally, a widespread practice of underreporting of wages to avoid tax payments also means that the actual wage grow", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "wage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ks to fill gaps in the literature with respect to recent firm-level productivity dynamics in Zambia. Research on productivity in Zambia tends to focus on macroeconomic data (World Bank 2024, World Bank 2019b) or rely on  >>> Economic Census data <<< , which were last collected in 2012 and do not constitute a panel (Merotto 2017). Although Hoy, et al. (2022) do analyze more recent tax data\u2014indeed, the same Corporate Income Tax database that this paper leverages\u2014their research focus is more narrowly on firm performance during ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Economic Census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "unds are sent to their county approved local bank as per the approved AIEs/approved activities to be implemented. When the funds are expended, the support documents are sent to headquarters for review and posting to the  >>> IFMIS system <<< . As the system at the county offices are manual reporting of the expenditures are only done when support documents are received and posted in the system. \n\n_15._ **_Key potential risk and action_** _: Reporting of the expenditures at the county offices are manual and prone to ma", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rol indicates that adequate internal controls exist to minimize the possible misuse of funds. Proper authorization and approval procedures exist and are practiced; However weaknesses were identified in the update of the  >>> assets register <<<  and bank reconciliations were not being prepared on a monthly basis. It is therefore recommended that the NPCO should update the register with all relevant information, tag assets with their identification number, and periodically verify existence of assets by physical count.  T", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "assets register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e captured in the  >>> LSMS survey <<<  where questions on participation in agricultural land markets appear in the agricultural module that is administered only to those who currently cultivate agricultural land (Deininger and Jin 2008).\n\n> 17 A number of countries have initiated promising efforts to foster structura", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LSMS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "duced in urban areas or overseas. But this result assumes identical consumption patterns among small farmers and estateholders. If estate families are found to have more urbanized expenditure patterns--and unfortunately  >>> consumption data <<<  are simply unavailable indicating whether or not this is so--the estate-dominated regions would generate regional growth multipliers of only about 1.31, substantially below those of smallholders. Finally, the model has been used to separate out the contribution of consumption an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ics. Finally a baseline, and especially multiple pre-treatment surveys, offer the possibility of matched difference-in-differences as a back-up evaluation strategy in cases\n\n> 11 See e.g. Bloom et al. (2010) who collect  >>> daily and weekly production data <<<  from plants with over 100 workers each once a month.\n\n24", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "daily and weekly production data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he project on women was expected to be captured through a specific analysis of women\u2019s activities (dairy; sheep and goats; poultry; and possibly backyard vegetables). While the project did a commendable effort to record  >>> gender disaggregated data <<<  for various activities, \"many livestock-related activities, such as animal fattening, were not assessed because they were not captured in the household data\" (ICR, p. 19, para 40). Women participation in training activities was generally lower than expected. For example, only 57", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "gender disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rental background is not available before the starting date \u2013 originally consisting of 112,690 individuals, which reduces to 107,846 when considering non-missing information.\n\n- **Germany:** German Socio-economic Panel ( >>> SOEP <<< ) \u2013 11 surveys, covering the period 1984-2013 \u2013 originally including 156,338 individuals, then reduced to 133,467 in case of non-missing information.\n\n- **France:** Household Budget Survey (HBS), conducted by the Banque de France) \u2013 6 surveys, covering the period 1978-2005 \u2013 orig", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SOEP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion faces a trade-off between the cross-country coverage and comparability of the available data on the one side and their disaggregation level on the other side. Researchers thus often have to choose between utilizing  >>> disaggregated firm-level data <<<  and maximizing the number of countries across different stages of financial and economic development in their sample.<sup>3</sup> The framework of international trade allows us to use highly disaggregated\n\n> 1 Papers examining the impact of financial liberalization on the outcom", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ity for use of tools<br>for linking and harmonizing<br>various national databases.<br>e. Remote Sensing data.<br>f. Preliminary inventory work.<br>g. Equipment (hard and soft) for<br>processing, storing and archiving<br> >>> remote sensing data <<< .<br>h. Tools and equipment for field<br>inventory work.||\n|4. Monitoring<br>Systems for Forests<br>and Safeguards|4a. National Forest<br>Monitoring System|a. Defining and agreeing on process<br>for developing forest monitoring<br>system and reporting on REDD+.|T.o.Rs under", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "remote sensing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nizations such as UNHCR, and national and international non-governmental organizations. Data is compiled from a number of sources, including but not restricted to  >>> individual registration of refugees and asylum seekers <<<  (information typically includes name, gender, date of birth, country of origin, marital status, and place of displacement), tracking of population movement in situations where the movement is fluid or continuous, standardized surveys such as Living Standards Measurement Study (L", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "individual registration of refugees and asylum seekers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the potential causes of the AEFIs. However, the AEFI Reporting rate has been low mainly because healthcare providers have only been reporting serious events; about 60 districts did not report any AEFI through the MoH\u2019s  >>> DHIS2 <<<  causing discrepancies between the DHIS2 and NDA\u2019s Vigiflow. The MoH intends to remedy these inadequacies by widely disseminating and publicizing the NDA platforms for reporting AEFI and conducting active follow up of AEFI cases with an established panel of medical experts, as we", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHIS2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Suryahadi, A. (2001). International economic integration and labor markets: The case of Indonesia.\n\n# **Annex A: Data**\n\n# _Sakernas_\n\nThe  >>> Sakernas data <<< , also known as the National Labor Force Survey (Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional), is a comprehensive dataset for Indonesia. It is a survey conducted by the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (Badan Pusat Statistik or BPS) and provides detailed information on various aspects ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Sakernas data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mponents of the national economy expenditures show widely varying trends over time. Food subsidies (never a large percentage of the total) were given by fewer and fewer regions from one year to the next, and for 1995 no  >>> food subsidy data <<<  were reported in the budget. The single largest category of expenditure, housing, dropped by 24%, that is, less than overall national economy expenditures in the period 1993-95 (thus, from 1993 to 1995 housing expenditures as a percentage of national economy expenditures increas", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "food subsidy data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "006-2009, 2012-2014, 2016-2017, and 2018-2019. The first three waves have a sample size of around 1,000 observations. The fourth one contains 1,560 women aged between 18 and 64.<sup>8</sup> The second data source is the  >>> World Values Survey <<< , which aims to understand changes in beliefs, values, and motivations of people throughout the world. Morocco is included in three of the waves\u20142001, 2007, and 2011\u2014each of which has about 1,200 observations, equally split between men and women, for a total of 3,648 individuals ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Values Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rd signs etc) \uf0b7 Install all relevant traffic signs \uf0b7 Security provided to and traffic safety awareness around construction sites and excavations posters \uf0b7 Enforce and monitor a speed sites; limit of 20km/hr within the \uf0b7  >>> Training records <<<  construction area, at the campsite etc; \uf0b7 Training and awareness to workers and community \n\n188", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Training records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Most of the consulted PAHs wanted to know<br>the<br>planned<br>date<br>for<br>the<br>Subproject<br>commencement|Question|The commencement date for the Subproject is dependent on several factors including the<br>present  >>> census survey <<<  and RP document finding, budget issue and other related factors.|\n|||\u25aa<br>Project affected persons will be compensated for their losses", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table 1. The main characteristics of data sources - Tax Administrative Data vs. EU-SILC.**\n\n||** >>> Tax Administratve data <<< **|**EU \u2013 SILC**|\n|---|---|---|\n|**Partcipaton**|Compulsory<br>(includes<br>all<br>employees who paid tax based<br>on their declared labor income)|Voluntary|\n|**Coverage**|Cover the full labor income<br>distributon|Underreportng at the top is<br>usually a problem in the survey<br", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Tax Administratve data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "only a few minor export taxes remain \u2013 see Piermartini (2004) and also Thiele (2004).\n\n> 3 More information on the  >>> MAcMaps database <<<  is available in Bou\u00ebt et al. (2004) and at\n\n> <u>http://www.cepii.fr/anglaisgraph/bdd/macmap.htm. For details of its incorporation into the GTAP Version 6</u> dataset, see <u>www.gtap.org.</u>\n\n5", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MAcMaps database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ent sheet, copies of the VRF, de-registration form) are generally used as \u201cvouchers\u201d to receive the cash grants. \n\nFor example, refugees first sign a Voluntary Repatriation Form (VRF) and are then de-registered from the  >>> UNHCR database <<< . In Afghanistan (1990-93) refugees had to hand in their passbooks and ration cards in return for their VRF and \u201cencashment sheet\u201d, making them eligible for a cash grant. In the ongoing Afghan repatriation operation, only registered Afghans currently receive repatriation assistan", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conomist of the Infrastructure Vice-Presidency of the World Bank and is the corresponding author for this paper at vfoster@worldbank.org.\n\n> 2 Samantha Witte is a doctoral student in economics at Oxford University.\n\n> 3  >>> 2016 tariff and cost data <<<  were obtained from the 2018 iteration of the RISE project.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2016 tariff and cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of the households that received food transfers reported that they never sold any of them, and most of the remaining 7 percent did so rarely (Hoddinott, Stifel, Hirvonen, Minten, 2018).<sup>11</sup> Starting in 2010, the  >>> household surveys <<<  began collecting more detailed information on beneficiaries\u2019 experiences associated with obtaining their payments. In order to receive their payments, beneficiaries are instructed \u2013 typically with 1\u20102 days notice \u2013 to go to a \u201cpay point\u201d, nearly always a roadside location. These", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the basis of employment, value-added, and total number of establishments\u2019 figures. Geographic regions within a country are selected based on which cities/regions collectively contain the majority of economic activity.  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<<  implemented in Eastern Europe and Central Asian countries are also known as Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Surveys (BEEPS) and are jointly conducted by the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. For more details see Enterprise Surve", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nform such process, one needs reliable time series data on cassava cultivated area, production and yields. Currently, there are at least two sources of annual, national-level cassava statistics in Malawi.P6F<sup>7</sup>  >>> Agricultural Production Estimates Survey <<<  (APES), which is conducted annually by the Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Water Development (MoAIWD), is the first source. APES approach to cassava yield estimation is based on crop cutting, although the operational documentation on the APES cassava crop cuts, specifica", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Agricultural Production Estimates Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on on the self-esteem, agricultural self-efficacy and time and risk preferences of the farmers that applied to the program, as well as of their spouses. The spouses were asked these modules separately and privately. The  >>> household survey <<<  also collected information on couples\u2019 socio-demographic characteristics and income generating activities, along with modules on expenditures, saving, credit, transfers and social networks, shocks and coping strategies, assets and food security. Table 1 shows descriptive statist", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Data collection**\n\n >>> Quantitative surveys <<<  were administered on tablets and paper questionnaires with all enrolled participants at two time points (wave 1, August 2018 - February 2019 and wave 3, June 2021 - January 2022). Surveys included questions on employment and income, client history, sexual behavior, HIV/STI risks", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Quantitative surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2018) (ii) data on unemployment rate and government expenditures are taken either from Eurostat (1999 and 2009), from the Milanovic's  >>> Household Expenditure and Income Dataset for Transition Economies <<<  (HEIDE) data (1992), or from the World Development Indicators. Finally, (iii), poverty is defined as the percentage of people living below $10 a day in 2005 PPP. The variable is calculated on income data using PovCalNet and the World Development Indicators data set.\n\nAs part of ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Expenditure and Income Dataset for Transition Economies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y poverty.** Detailed information on income, living conditions, and access to social protection programs in Bulgaria is mainly gathered as part of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC).  >>> Expenditure data <<< , on the other hand, is primarily collected by HBS. Only relying on HBS to study energy poverty would result in very limited analyses due to the following reasons. First, the information on household income is less reliable and rigorous in the case of the HBS, as the survey is mo", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|Masaka|1|1|4|4|\n|Lwero|1|1|1|1|\n\n\n\n### **4.3.3 Demographics** \n\nDemographic and socio-economic data are a pre-requisite for planning and evidence-based decision making in any community. Such data are collected through  >>> population Censuses <<< , demographic and socio-economic surveys, civil registration systems and other administrative records. In Uganda, the population census remains the main source of", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population Censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Guidelines were disseminated to GRM Focal Perons (GRMFP) and VMG Focal Persons (VMGFPs) from 21 Counties (21 GRMFP and 16 VMGMFPs) and 11 officers from ports of entry (PoEs).  >>> Complaints registers <<<  were printed and distributed to 17 counties for dissemination to 230 health facilities. It is anticipated there will be an increase in the number of complaints more so during the vaccination period, therefore, the hotline will be useful in ensuring real time management of compla", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Complaints registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ecision, which used only general industry descriptions, thus making it difficult to identify variation across product markets.\n\n> 15 Further revisions were enacted since 2015, but these extend beyond the coverage of our  >>> manufacturing plants\u2019 survey <<< . It is also worth noting that the majority of the restrictions in the NIL was eventually eliminated through the so-called Omnibus Law for Job Creation in 2021.\n\n11", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "manufacturing plants\u2019 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to devaluation and<br>poor collection.|\n||Mar 1987<br>Aug_1986__F|A__UEB|6<br>_hasrevenue|PE-FA-OA<br>_probems_due||Need to raise tariffs. Appointnment of consultants<br>delayed. Billing and collections deteriorated.<br> >>> Financial data <<<  unreliable. Project classified as a<br>problem project. Major feeder breakdown in<br>to dvaluation anKampala.|\n||Oct 1987|2|6|PE-Co|3|Project start-up delayed by two years. Adequate<br>UEB's financial data unobtainable.|\n||June 1988", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Financial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- Reporting should include  >>> gender and age-disaggregated data <<< . \n\n- Reports should include statistics as well as status of cases being followed-up. \n\n- The principle of case confidentiality should be upheld in reporting. \n\n- There should be feedback from the branch office/HQ level to field-based teams on the reports received and action take", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "gender and age-disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **IV. Methodology and Data**\n\n## **a. Sample Description and Sampling Technique**\n\nOur primary source of data comes from a  >>> survey covering three consecutive cohorts of EF trainees <<<  (from 2010 to 2012), with two rounds of data collection for each cohort.<sup>24</sup> Figure 1 depicts the impact evaluation timeline.\n\nWe sample at the training event and the applicant level. The main sampling frame for data used in this study consisted of all EF training cours", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey covering three consecutive cohorts of EF trainees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to the extent possible, of key concepts (e.g. entry, exit, or the definition of the unit of measurement) as well as the definition of common methodologies for studying firm-level data. The methodology for collecting the  >>> country/industry/time panel dataset <<<  built up from underlying micro-level datasets has been referred to as \u2018distributed micro-data analysis\u2019 (Bartelsman 2004). A detailed technical description of the dataset may be found in Bartelsman, Haltiwanger and Scarpetta (2004).\n\nThe distributed micro-data analysis was condu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country/industry/time panel dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **A**\n\nas in the  >>> Community Innovation Survey <<< , outlined below.\n\n- Product Innovation A product innovation is the introduction of a good or service that is new or significantly improved with respect to its characteristics or intended uses. This includes significant improvements in technical specifications, components and mat", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Community Innovation Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " not necessarily reflect receipts in a particular year since transactions may be paid for over several years. Data for the more recent years, 2000 to 2003, are aggregated from the following sources: (i) the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) database <<< ; (ii) the World Bank Africa region\u2019s privatization database; (iii) OECD\u2019s database on privatization in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI) database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s. \n\n#### **3.8. Adecuaciones institucionales dentro de la registradur\u00eda Nacional del Estado Civil e innovaciones Normativas** \n\nLa Registradur\u00eda Nacional del Estado Civil tiene fuertes controles para la custodia de las  >>> bases de datos <<<  donde reposa la informaci\u00f3n de los colombianos y colombianas (informaci\u00f3n de nombres, lugar de residencia, huellas dactilares), as\u00ed que este proceso no hubiera sido posible si las primeras jornadas no hubieran tenido el gran impacto que generaron en las poblaciones atendidas, qu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bases de datos", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eval?ate ongoing and completed projects. To create this resource, a variety of instruments can be employed. On the demand side, a set of information-gathering tools are briefly assessed and the most promising one -- the  >>> household energy survey <<<  -- is delineated in more detail. For this type of survey", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household energy survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " National Health Account (NHA) exercises undertaken in 1995/96, 1999/2000 and 2004/05; the  >>> Household Income Consumption Expenditure Survey <<<  (HICES) and Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS); the country Status Report on Health and Poverty of July 2005; the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) for the Protection of Basic Services (PBS) Project; the Health JBAR of October 2006; and on information derived from the HSDP joint rev", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Income Consumption Expenditure Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ors, televisions, and air conditioners) and often result in malfunction of electric appliances. However, we explore here the impact of power _outages_ , i.e. complete interruptions of power supply through the grid.\n\n> 2  >>> Data retrieved from the Doing Business study <<<  http://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data\n\n4", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data retrieved from the Doing Business study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an refugees are counted in these official statistics as some refugees have been given permission to reside in Kampala if they can prove \u2018self-sufficiency\u2019, but many of the refugees in Kampala are not counted in official  >>> refugee statistics <<<  as refugees are expected to live in rural settlements (cf. Bernstein, 2005). \n\n> 8 The LRA is a rebel army in Northern Uganda. See Doom and Vlassenroot, 1999, for more on the conflict. \n\n5", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "refugee statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the  >>> census <<< , provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent further population influx. \n\n50", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to carry out field level interviews and consultations due to COVID 19 restrictions and security issues, virtual meetings or interviews, email exchanges and phone interviews were used to collect the required information.  >>> Data was collected from six regions <<<  (three from the highland areas: Oromia, Amhara and SNNP and the other from lowland areas Gambella, Somali and Benishangul Gumuz region). Furthermore, additional data was collected from sampled pilot HCP woredas. These include Aware (Somali), Yabello and Moyale (Oromia), Ebinat (", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data was collected from six regions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ining is financed in different countries. The finding would have policy implications for how governments and firms should approach worker training.\n\nMany Bank surveys cover human capital issues quite well (for instance,  >>> RPED <<<  and ICS). Most surveys contain the primary measures, although they tend not to explore the distribution of workers in term of labor market experience and seniority structure, and quit rates. Such questions can be important. The turnover rate, for example, can provide an indicati", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RPED", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Some further words of explanation are in order. The information on household consumption spending comes from the  >>> socio-economic surveys <<<  that are undertaken on a continuing basis by the National Statistics Office. About 3,800 different households are surveyed every month using stratified cluster sampling, for which the weights are known: the strata are the country\u2019s provinces, and clusters of households are surve", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Public Disclosure Copy \n\n**The World Bank** Kenya Statistics Program for Results (P149718) \n\nImplementation Status & Results Report \n\n\n\n(6.5)   >>> KCHS 2018 microdata <<<  available on-line. \n\n\uf075 DLI 7: Implement the Corruption Risk Assessment (CRA) action plan and strengthen financial and records management systems (Text) \n\n||Baseline<br>Actual  (Previous)|Actual  (Current)|\n|---|---|---|\n|||While progress was made<br>towards DLR 7.0, the verifica", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KCHS 2018 microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ets on the land and buildings taken by the project. The compensation will be in accordance with the provisions of this framework and if affected persons occupied the project area prior to the date of commencement of the  >>> Census <<< . Persons covered under sub-section (c) above are to be provided with resettlement assistance in lieu of compensation. In addition, they must be given the necessary relocation assistance in conformity with the provisions of this policy framework provided the land was occupied pri", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " times (in June 2005, December 2005, December 2006, and June 2007).  Restructuring of the project never took place.  Total project costs and the borrower's and cofinanciers' actual contributions were not reported in the  >>> ICR <<< . Planned contributions were US$39.49 M for DFID and US$8.4  M for SIDA. \n\n### **3. Relevance of Objectives & Design:** \n\n**Relevance of Objectives** is rated Substantial.  Controlling the spread of HIV/AIDS and improving maternal and child health are among the health-related Mil", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ICR", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hall \n\n- cause the affected land to be mapped out and valued by the Commission using the valuation criteria set out under the Act; and \n\n- establish that the acquiring authority has identified the number and maintains a  >>> register of persons <<<  in actual occupation of the land, confirming for each such occupation how much time they have been in uninterrupted occupation or ownership of interest in the land", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "register of persons", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " matter more than others, we also analyze government consumption as a measure of fiscal policy (Source: World Bank World Development Indicators).\n\nOur data comes from multiple sources. For commodity exporters, we obtain  >>> data on natural resource rents <<<  (as percent of GDP) from the World Bank\u2019s World Development Indicators. Fiscal rules are based on the IMF\u2019s Fiscal Rules Dataset (Davoodi et al. 2022). Country-specific commodity terms of trade indices are obtained from the IMF. We use institutional and political variables from ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on natural resource rents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "** and was closed, fully disbursed, in June **1973.** The report is based on information contained in the Project Completion Report (PCR) prepared **by** the Regional Mission in Eastern Africa, information obtained from  >>> Bank files <<< , interviews with Bank staff in Washington and Nairobi who have been involved with the project, discussion with Kenyan officials concerned with project execution, and exercises carried out **by** researchers affiliated with the Institute for Development Studies at the University ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank files", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ships with the central government,<sup>35</sup> or differences in conflict and insecurity that are present throughout the survey year.\n\n> 34 The NRVA does not collect detailed income data, but rather focuses on detailed  >>> consumption data <<<  primarily because it is generally assumed that consumption is more accurately measured than income in poorer countries. Total household consumption (Afghani per month) consists of expenditures on food, non-food, durables and rent, following guidelines in Deaton and Zaidi (2002).", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Request for<br>Quotations|Limited|Single Stage - One<br>Envelope|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on|2018-11-24|||2018-12-01|2019-03-01|\n|KE-NAKURU COUNTY-<br>85061-GO-RFQ / Purchase of<br>13 Laptops for uploading<br> >>> RMNCAH data <<<  and reports<br>submission|IDA / 58360|Post<br> <br>|Request for<br>Quotations|Limited|Single Stage - One<br>Envelope|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on|2019-01-12|||2019-03-09|2019-04-30|\n|KE-UAS", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RMNCAH data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t feasible due to active conflicts in Amhara, Oromia, and Tigray, as well as during the COVID19 pandemic. Through virtual missions, the project maintained its momentum and continued critical activities, such as updating  >>> infrastructure data <<<  for already mapped subprojects and completing the mapping of remaining subprojects, ensuring progress despite challenging circumstances. \n\n63. **Continuous and systematic support to the sector.** The project provided a strategic platform for the World Bank to continuously suppor", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "infrastructure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e to comparative advantage maintain their significant coefficients with the expected signs throughout Table 5.\n\nColumns (1)-(6) of Table 5 look at the impact of economic development and trade\n\n> 19 In this paper, we use  >>> SITC data <<<  that are slightly more aggregated than the data used by Jaud, Kukenova, and Strieborny (2018) but allow us to look at a longer time span. Additionally, we look at exports to the whole world market rather than focusing on the US destination market alone.\n\n20", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SITC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "If the higher level of disaggregation better reflects the true range of different products that countries could produce, then the  >>> 6-digit data <<<  are most appropriate. However, as discussed above, it may also be the case that the differences among products at the 6-digit level are not meaningful from a discovery standpoint. If this is true, and the higher level of disaggregation does not reflect the range of different pro", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "6-digit data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " maintained it was not updated for recent purchases (Water and Education Bureaus of Dire Dawa) or it lack important information like asset number (health bureau of Dire Dawa). Project assets are also incorporated in the  >>> government asset records <<< . Bank and record balances are reconciled monthly, but transaction recording and preparation of bank reconciliation was not up to date in the water and health bureaus of Harari and Somali regions while it was up to date in others. Absence of updated record means absence of update", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "government asset records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cluding the Financial Management System (IFMIS) for capturing financial transactions and reporting and b) development of a National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) that automated end to end management of  >>> education data <<<  and associated administrative functions. NEMIS tracks information on the learners instead of prior arrangement where Ministry of Education was relying on learners\u2019 information/data provided by the Principals/Head teachers and countersigned by the County Directors of Education.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "education data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", _labor management procedures_ ; \n\n- Identification of labor management, safety, and health personnel, their qualifications and certifications; \n\n- Workers\u2019 certifications/permits/training to perform required work; \n\n-  >>> Records of safety and health violations and responses <<< ; \n\n- Accident and fatality records and notifications to authorities; \n\n- Records of legally required worker benefits and proof of workers\u2019 enrollment in the related programs; \n\n- Worker payroll records, including hours worked and pay received; \n\n- Identification of safety commit", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Records of safety and health violations and responses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iled studies about the energy poor population in Bulgaria.<sup>14</sup>\n\n# Data Description and Preparation\n\nData and Target Variable Description\n\n**In this paper, we use two different data sources: the 2019 HBS and the  >>> 2020 EU-SILC <<<  with reference income from 2019**<sup>**15**</sup> . We focus on the pre-COVID year (2019) because we want to make sure that our data is representative of spending patterns in Bulgaria and not affected by idiosyncratic crisis-related behavior induced by the COVID-19 pandemic.<su", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2020 EU-SILC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ments shall be subject to paragraph 5.5 of the Procurement Regulations. \n\n**_Leased Assets_** _as specified under paragraph 5.10_ of the Procurement Regulations: Leasing may be used for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<< . Not Applicable \n\n**_Procurement of Second Hand Goods_** _as specified under paragraph 5.11_ of the Procurement Regulations \u2013 is allowed for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables. Not Applicable", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ome Tax Bill 2019 should have been assessed to justify its relevance in supporting the achievement of the overarching objective of creating fiscal space. \n\n2. Evidence should have been provided on how the adoption of an  >>> electronic debt registry <<<  supported the achievement of the overarching objective of creating fiscal space compared to the manual debt registry which was relied upon until then. \n\n3. The adoption of a strategy, such as the second National Broadband Strategy covering the 2018-2023 period, does not sufficie", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "electronic debt registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " its firm\u2019s country of origin. In our case, Posting provisions refers to clauses in RTAs that facilitate the entry of professionals and/or investors among the member countries of an RTA. While we have a provision in our  >>> Visa-and-Asylum database <<<  that concerns the international mobility of investors, additional Job Posting related provisions may be found in other chapters of an RTA. Indeed, the database on the Investment chapter of Deep Trade Agreements contains a provision dealing with the movement of professionals with", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Visa-and-Asylum database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ernment), or from customary and traditional law and usage, and so on. Resettlement assistance may consist of land, other assets, cash, employment, and so on, as appropriate. \n\nNormally, this cut-off date is the date the  >>> census <<<  begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y that an unemployed persons find a job is in transition economies half that in the US. Thus, all else being equal, if the outflow rate from unemployment to jobs in Poland, say, were the same as in the US then the\n\n> 6   >>> Data on labor flows <<<  is available for CEE countries and Russia but not for other CIS countries.\n\n22", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on labor flows", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ere such a channel of adjustment is _de facto_ absent.\n\n# **6.2 Role of import shares**\n\nAn alternative way to test the mechanisms underlying our theoretical predictions is to look at market shares. Since we do not have  >>> market-share data <<<  (which is why we identify market power indirectly through pricing behavior in the first place), we attempt to proxy, albeit very imperfectly, the size of firms through their share of aggregate imports. Import shares are computed over destination _d_ \u2019s total imports of product _", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "market-share data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", such as predicting the 2011 rural poverty rates based on a model of the relationship between the 2006 ENCOVI data and the 2013 CDRs. Same-survey\n\n> 7 See Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003).\n\n> 8 These data come from a  >>> 2011 census of rural areas <<<  designed to gather information for social-protection programs. No national census was conducted that year.\n\n> 9 World Development Indicators, 2016. This reflects multiple accounts per person. While this does not indicate that every person has a cell phone, it suggests that cell ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2011 census of rural areas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ted incidents represent only the tip of the iceberg of GBV prevalence, due to the stigma and violence often associated with reporting acts of GBV and survivors\u2019 limited access to reporting mechanisms and services. \n\nThe  >>> GBVIMS <<<  was rolled out in South Sudan in 2014. It currently includes 15 member organizations. GBVIMS data that is shared is only from reported cases in areas where the data-gathering organizations are providing services, and is in no way representative of the total incidence or prevalen", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBVIMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "elationships using customs transaction data. Previous studies, such as Javorcik (2004), Amiti and Weinstein (2011), Kee (2015), Bernard et al. (2019), and Alfaro-Ure\u00f1a et al. (2022), rely on either industry IO tables or  >>> unique firm datasets <<<  with names or tax information to link firms and their suppliers. However, these approaches are often constrained by data limitations and applicability issues. Firm-level IO linkage in this paper is captured by identifying the _potential domestic suppliers_ for each exporting fir", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "unique firm datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iduals were more affected by drought in 2019 than in 2020. Specifically, 56% of respondents were affected by the drought in 2019, compared to 41% in 2020. About half of the respondents (47%) for whom\n\n> 15Given that the  >>> COVID-19 NLPS phone survey <<<  does not provide the updated GPS coordinates of EAs where interviewed households\u2019 reside, we hypothesize that households interviewed in October 2020 reside in the same locality as in 2018/19. To test this assumption, we assess the households\u2019 mobility for the previous rounds of ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COVID-19 NLPS phone survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "records, and the  >>> farm performance survey <<< . Section four presents the results from regressions exploring the impacts of title on self-assessed land rights, land values, investment, and productivity. Section five concludes by discussing implications for policy and future research.\n\n# **2. Background and conceptual framewo", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "farm performance survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ANNEX 15 Page 2 of 9 \n\n6 - 8 murrarn pavement with regular grading _or_ poor asphalt pavement 8 - 12 murram pavement with irregular maintenance or bad asphalt 12 -20 pavements receiving little or no maintenance \n\n >>> 12 hour classified traffic volume counts <<<  were made on all roads using five vehicle groups: \n\ncars light goods (pickup) medium trucks (2-axle) heavy trucks (3-axle or trailers) buses (including matatu) \n\nA traffic growth rate of 5% was used for all evaluations. \n\n### PAVEMENT DETERIORATION AND MAINTENANCE OPERATIONS \n\nP", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "12 hour classified traffic volume counts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "26|9|0.18|26|157|18|\n|25|Greece|24%|54|24|90|24|345|28|9|0.16|28|58|30|\n\nNote: The starting point was our database of 33,000 publications in EconLit with a health JEL code.  >>> Google Scholar citation data <<<  were obtained for as many as possible (80 percent) in June 2011. Each listed institution was given full credit for a publication in the case of a co-authored publication, but only the first institution was credited where an author listed multiple institutions. Institutional affi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Google Scholar citation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "inancial statements. \n\nCapital Expenditures. **All** purchases of items that are capital in nature shall be capitalized upon payment This means that the organisation shall maintain a fixed assets account, in addition, a  >>> register of the capital items <<<  (fixed assets) shall be kept separately for items of a capital nature and shall be updated with every purchase and disposal of assets Gains or losses on disposal of property, plant and Equipment are determined **by** reference to their carrying amounts \n\nand are taken into accou", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "register of the capital items", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng for nonlinearities relaxes restrictive assumptions made by standard econometric techniques about the relationship between political trust and citizen engagement.\n\n# 3. Data\n\nThe data used in this study comes from the  >>> Latinobar\u00f3metro Survey <<<  for 2020 (Latinobar\u00f3metro Corporation 2021), the latest year available. The\n\n> 7 Ridge uses the same reasoning as Lasso, but adds a penalty in the form of the sum of the squared beta coefficients; as a result, it never sends the coefficients to zero but instead shrinks them (Le ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Latinobar\u00f3metro Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " men in the community-based programme to create balance in a very equitable manner (Key Informant, International Non-Government Organisation)._** \n\nDrawing on findings from this research, applicable existing reports and  >>> 2020 JRP <<< ,<sup>19</sup> the following recommendations are put forward for rights-based, age, gender and diversity responsive and evidence-influenced programming for refugees and as appropriate for host communities. \n\n- Strengthen measures, such as outreach SGBV services, increase document", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2020 JRP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "development groups and randomly selected from within this group for  >>> survey of rural households <<< . From each district, 7\u20139 villages were selected, depending on the district\u2019s size and listing of India\u2019s rural population.<sup>4</sup>\n\n# **4.2** **<u>Survey Features</u>**\n\nThe IHDS is ideal for estimating the impact of electricity access and consumption on welfare indicators o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of rural households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gs, while Section 4 presents our empirical results. Section 5 concludes.\n\n# 2. Data and Methodology\n\n# 2.1 Data\n\nWe consider a variety of real-time indicators, including data on nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nighttime lights,  >>> Google mobility indicators <<< , Google search data, and food price data. NO2 is a pollutant produced by everyday human activity, such as burning fossil fuels. As such, it is attractive as a potential measure of the changes brought about by the COVID-19 crisis, as changes in patterns of human behavior can dire", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Google mobility indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nflict in the district of residence. \n\n17. Ministry of Economy, World Bank (2015): _Afghanistan Poverty Status_ Update. \n\n18. Some useful information can be obtained from the three available and comparable rounds of the  >>> Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey <<<  (ALCS) conducted in 2013\u201314, 2011\u201312 and 2007\u201308 which collect information about household members who have left the household in the 12 months preceding the survey and about their reason for migrating. \n\n19. The collapse in oil prices had a strong impact on Iran\u2019s economy, furt", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "zil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador, Honduras, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay) for the series starting in 2010 and ending in 2019.<sup>11</sup> These data are from the  >>> Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean <<<  (SEDLAC), a joint effort of the World Bank and the Center for Distributive, Labor, and Social Studies (CEDLAS) at the National University of La Plata in Argentina.<sup>12</sup> The selection of these countries is based on the availability of at least two comparable data points b", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> GBIF data <<<  increase.\n\nIn this paper, we draw on the previous work to explore some implications for 30x30 in a sample of 10 countries in Latin America, Africa and the Asia-Pacific region. We focus on individual countries to highlight the role of conservation stewardship in local settings. O", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBIF data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Based on the  >>> Uganda Refugee Protection Assessment Update 3 <<<  \u2013February 25, 2022. \n\n> 33 <mark>This includes: The Education Response Plan for Refugees and Host Communities in Uganda (September 2018), The Health Sector Integrated Refugee Response Plan 2019-2024 (January 2019), the Water and Environment Sector Refugee Response (April 2020).<", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda Refugee Protection Assessment Update 3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*4. DATA AND RESULTS**\n\nThe analysis is based on the India Annual Survey of Industry (ASI) which was available to us from 1983/84 through 1997/98 disaggregated by state and 3 digit (NIC) industry.<sup>16</sup> This is a  >>> survey of registered manufacturing firms <<< , reporting employment in two skill categories (nonmanual and manual workers), which we interpret as representing skilled and unskilled labor, respectively. The data also contain wage-bills for each labor category, output, value added, capital stock and a number of other variable", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of registered manufacturing firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and temperature, and crop suitability of the municipality. The sample excludes outliers, defined as the top and bottom 2.5% of municipalities in terms of population growth between 1907/1913 and 1920.. Data sources: The  >>> 1928 population census of the Kingdom of Greece <<< .\n\n43", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1928 population census of the Kingdom of Greece", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "did not. Previously, KNBS relied on support from its development partners to finance critical projects. However, as such support cannot be guaranteed, it can cause delays in implementing essential activities such as the  >>> Demographic and Health Survey <<< . \n\n**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> National Health Account <<<  (NHA) exercises undertaken in 1995/96, 1999/2000 and 2004/05; the Household Income Consumption Expenditure Survey (HICES) and Welfare Monitoring Survey (WMS); the country Status Report on Health and Poverty of July 2005; the Project Appraisal Document (PAD) for the Protection of", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Health Account", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "** will be collected during the participatory workshops and from households and enterprises individually. Survey and participatory instruments will be designed with reference to the World Values Survey, the World Bank's  >>> Local-level Institutions Survey <<<  and DFID's Sustainable Livelihoods Strategy. These indicators will relate to the ethnic, religious, and geographical composition of the communities, key local institutions and organizations, the operations of and degree of individual involvement in local councils (levels 1, II, ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Local-level Institutions Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "this study. Moreover, consultative meetings with Subproject affected households, community members, local authorities and other stakeholders were also conducted for the present RP preparation in December 2024. While the  >>> census survey <<<  involved all the 26 HHs affected by the Subproject components, whereas the baseline socioeconomic survey was conducted on 34 HHs of which 60.0% were Subproject affected households and the remaining 40.0% were non-impacted households reside in subproject impact Kebele. \n\nThe diff", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or management, safety, and health personnel, their qualifications and certifications; \n\n- Workers\u2019 certifications/permits/training to perform required work; \n\n- Records of safety and health violations and responses; \n\n-  >>> Accident and fatality records <<<  and notifications to authorities; \n\n- Records of legally required worker benefits and proof of workers\u2019 enrollment in the related programs; \n\n- Worker payroll records, including hours worked and pay received; \n\n- Identification of safety committee members", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Accident and fatality records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "arious<br>contracts)|IDA / 51810|Court Administration and<br>Case Management:|Post<br>Direct Selection|Direct|79,000.00|0.00<br>Canceled|2017-04-03|2017-04-08|2017-05-13|2017-06-12|\n|KE-JRK-73558-NC-RFQ /<br>Printing of  >>> ELRC Registers <<< |IDA / 51810|Court Administration and<br>Case Management:|Post<br>Request for<br>Quotations|Limited<", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ELRC Registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " assistance in agriculture, beginning with the  >>> agricultural sector survey <<<  that was mounted in late 1972. We have offered an expanded program of assistance in project identification through the Regional Mission in Eastern Africa, and have provided a senior agricultural advisor to assist the Government in charting a longer-term strategy for the agricult", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "agricultural sector survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "8 Before surveying existing studies, a few dimensions of the available data are worth noting.\n\nThe two major sources of government expenditure data are  >>> national income accounts <<<  and government buidgets, the former being more widely available and reported on in discussions of government size in developing countries. Standardized sources for national income accounts for developing nations tend to provide only government consumption (Gc), which differs fro", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national income accounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f groundwater.\n\nSource: Popp (2011) on cooking stoves (using a combination of keyword and patent classification searches on the Delphion on-line patent database, and using a keyword search of abstracts and titles in the  >>> Web of Knowledge database <<< ); web searches and interviews for others.\n\nBesides BoP innovation, the adaptation of existing technologies to local conditions is a growing area of green innovation in developing countries. Box 2 provides some recent examples of technology adaptations by innovative developing co", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Web of Knowledge database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s or international agencies, used for national and international poverty monitoring.\n\nFor most high-income countries, the survey data available in PovcalNet are for income (rather than consumption), originating from the  >>> Luxembourg Income Study <<<  and the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC). To ensure better coverage of consumption surveys from high-income countries in our sample, we supplement with data from other sources. For European countries, we derive consumption means from Eurostat\u2019s", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Luxembourg Income Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ch evidence on the validity of data collection methods (Edmonds 2008). Child labor could be affected by measurement error due to several factors, for example, the survey information is collected primarily using standard  >>> household surveys <<<  that target adult work, i.e., formal jobs rather than unpaid and family work/enterprise jobs. Likewise, due to budgetary constraints 5", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **2.4  The Study Sites** \n\nIn order to illuminate the socio-economic context of each of the study sites,  >>> provincial sociodemographic and economic data <<<  were retrieved from a range of sources. \n\n##### **KABUL PROVINCIAL PROFILE (High-sending, Hazara-majority Area)** \n\nThe province of Kabul is located in the Central Region of Afghanistan. Children under the age of 15 represent close to 44% of the population of Kabul.<sup>21</sup>", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "provincial sociodemographic and economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " budget prioritization, work planning, performance, and DP dialogue.  M&E was also conducted through annual sector review performance reports and periodic survey data (e.g., UNHS 2005/06 and DHS 2006).   The reliance on  >>> national surveys <<<  for implementation reflected weaknesses in the Government\u2019s M&E.  As noted in the Government\u2019s National Development Plan (NDP, 2010/11-2014/15), \u201cthe existing M&E strategies conceived to enhance governance and public service delivery have not yet fully led to the development and", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "emirguc-Kunt, and Levine (2003) also discuss property rights protection. Our methodology and findings differ from theirs in several respects. First, while we use firm-level data on property rights protection, they use a  >>> country-level index <<< , compiled by the Heritage Foundation from several private and public sources, and cannot address the issue of whether firm characteristics affect property rights protection. Second, while we consider each institutional theory separately and treat all of them equally, Beck et al ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "country-level index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "priority is an empirical matter,  >>> sector-specific poverty data <<<  on access for various income groups are needed\u2014but are not available for most developing countries. There are reasonably good databases on the number of poor (although the measurement of poverty continues to be a source of conflict), but no database tells policymakers exactly wh", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sector-specific poverty data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " government), or from customary and traditional law and usage, etc. \n\nl9b Resettlement assistance may consist of land. other assets, cash, emplovment etc. as appropriate. \n\nxx Normally, this cut-off date is the date the  >>> census <<<  begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntervention on education expectations and students\u2019 self-perception of their own abilities in these two subjects to improve our understanding of the mechanisms.\n\n> 17 Two other ECE studies take place annually in Peru, a  >>> census assessment of students <<<  in Year 2 and a sample assessment for Year 4s. For our study, only data from the Year 8 ECE is relevant.\n\n12", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census assessment of students", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s explains some of the volatility of fiscal policy. The idea is to test whether the fiscal volatility in commodity-exporting countries comes solely from commodity price volatility or not.\n\n# **3.2 Data**\n\nWe make use of  >>> annual data <<<  over the 1990-2021 period. The choice of our sample period is dictated by data availability. The data comprises 184 countries, with 148 EMDEs and 36 advanced economies. We classify countries into \u2018commodity exporters\u2019 and \u2018non-commodity exporters\u2019 by applying the classification ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nvironment. Many Indian services in closed sectors are highly fragmented by international standards.<sup>9</sup> Here adjustment and employment concerns are the dominant factors impeding liberalization.\n\nA more detailed  >>> survey of the liberalization reforms <<<  is provided in on-line Appendix A (attached at the end of the paper).\n\n> 8 As an exception to this general rule, single-brand retailers are allowed.\n\n> 9 For example, there are 100,000 chartered accountants in India and 43,000 audit firms, with an average", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of the liberalization reforms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0 claims), compared to both semesters of 2007. In **Japan** , 670 individuals requested refugee status during the first half of 2008: this was the highest level per semester on record since Japan was included in UNHCR\u2019s  >>> asylum monitoring system <<< ,<sup>6</sup> up from 370 applications in the corresponding period last year. \n\n## **III. Countries of asylum** \n\nThe **United States of America** has **Distribution of asylum claims in 44** been the by far largest single recipient **industrialized countries, 1st semester 2008** ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "asylum monitoring system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "us referees for their comments and suggestions, which have considerably improved the paper and Flore Gubert and Kaivan Munshi for insightful discussions. The author also thanks Andrew Foster for providing the data.\n\n> 1  >>> Annual Status of Education Report <<<  (2005, 2014).", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual Status of Education Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Dan Gibson|WB||\n|---|---|---|\n|MaryBitekerezo|WB||\n|Ben Oyen|AWE|d.oyen@awe-engineers.com|\n\n\n\n**Documents requested** : \n\n- list of 13 district offices planned, \n\n- Land Acquisition Manual, \n\n-  >>> Land Information System <<<  (MoLHUD website), \n\n- Principles and Guidelines for the T-Lines. \n\n#### **4. Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development, Wednesday 2nd March** **<u>Attending:</u>** \n\n|Katula Yusuf M|Principal<br>Safety<br>Inspector,<br>Department<br>of<br>Occupational<br>Health and Safet", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Land Information System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iness Identification Number (NIB) with five or more employees with at least 1 percent of private ownership and who do not have legal status as cooperatives. Firms are selected through stratified random sampling from the  >>> 2016 Economic Census <<<  conducted by the Central Agency of Statistics of Indonesia. Stratification is based on sector, firm size (employment),<sup>7</sup> and location. The sectoral distribution covers firms from the manufacturing and major services sectors. The survey covers all 38 provinces of Indone", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2016 Economic Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tion to Middle Eastern countries and the potential implications of such exposure on future migration and gender equality policies in sending and destination countries alike.\n\n# **3. Data**\n\nThis paper uses data from the  >>> Kerala Migration Survey <<<  (KMS) 2013, the sixth in a series of migration monitoring surveys conducted by the Center of Development Studies since 1998 (Rajan and Zachariah 2013). The KMS 2013 includes a total of 14,575 households, representative at the level of 14 districts and covering all 63 _taluks_ .<", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Kerala Migration Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "urveys for 60 countries in the 1980s and 1990s. Our practice of matching all observations with each other within each country-type panel maximizes our potential power in estimation, but we also conduct analyses of\n\n> 13  >>> Global Database of Shared Prosperity <<< , circa 2013-2018, available at <u>http://www.worldbank.org/", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Database of Shared Prosperity", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "onsumers buy units, not kilos of manufactured goods, and thus the per-unit measure is more relevant from the perspective of trade models. The per-unit freight rates are available only in a handful of datasets: e.g., the  >>> US Imports by Census <<<  and\n\n> 20They estimated the price elasticity of freight rate to be 0.6. The elasticity consistent with the ad-valorem functional form would have to be equal to one.\n\n> 21Theoretically, remote in this case refers to the higher transportation costs to the destination markets. Due ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "US Imports by Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f waking up in one piece.\u201d<sup>154</sup> The government has acknowledged the problem and taken some steps to address it: in October 2008, President Jakaya Kikwete publicly denounced the practice; the police are taking a  >>> census of albinos <<< ; officers are escorting albino children to school; an albino woman was recently awarded a seat in Parliament.<sup>155</sup> \n\nHowever, \u201csome officers have been accused of turning a blind eye in return for cash when attacks on albinos occur\u201d and there is concern about the lack of", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of albinos", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "9. \n\n> 3 The gender analysis in this document has been adapted from \u201cJordan: Improving Women Economic Opportunities - Select Entry Points for Policy Dialogue and Operational Interventions\u201d, World Bank (June 2019). \n\n> 4  >>> World Development Indicators <<< . Data retrieved in June 2019", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies. ETA then formed a project team to take a complete physical inventory. The task was completed for the Central Region; work in the other regions was interrupted by country conditions but has now been resumed. Lack of  >>> revaluation data <<<  has impacted the ability to monitor compliance with financial covenants (refer para 6.8(a)). \n\n6.4 Electroic Data Processing (EDP): **The** consultants reviewed ETA's needs for EDP and idendfied areas that needed to be computerized. Ihe consultants recommended that the existing ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "revaluation data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ists subject to centralized review.<br>Questonnaire and process are similar to the World Bank<br>Country Policy and Insttutonal Assessment (PIA), the IFAD<br>Rural Sector Performance Assessment (IFD), and the African<br> >>> Development Bank Country Performance Assessment <<<  (ADB).<br>Link to methodologyhere.Data are publicly available only for<br>countries eligible for concessional fnance.|\n|BPS|World Bank and<br>European Bank<br>for<br>Reconstructon<br>and<br>Development|World Bank<br>Business<br>Environment<br>and Enterprise<br>Performance<br>Sur", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Development Bank Country Performance Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "wo main sources: (i) the foreign reserve data collected **by** the IMF's **IFS,** which value foreign exchange reserves at current exchange rates and have very broad coverage across countries and over time; and (ii) the  >>> external debt data <<<  compiled **by** the World\n\n**13**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "external debt data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **2. Issues in the Measurement of Consumption through Surveys**\n\nThere is a large literature on methods of collecting  >>> consumption data <<<  through household surveys.<sup>4</sup> Much of the evidence from survey experiments was generated in developed countries, while studies from lowincome settings typically draw on surveys not specifically designed to systematically compare contrasting methods.<sup>5</sup> The spec", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ric Power Haromaya - Chelenko 132kV Power TL & SS Subproject_ \n\n_Resettlement Plan FINAL Report_ \n\n###### **1.2.2 Quantitative Methods of Data Collection** \n\n###### **_Census Enumeration and Inventory of Assets_** \n\nThe  >>> Census Enumeration and Inventory of Assets survey <<<  was carried out between January 2-29, 2025 and March 23 - to April 1 2025. in all parts of Subproject impacted Kebeles and Woredas. \n\n_Sensitisation and Familiarisation Stage:_ A team of experts visited the Subproject t area to meet with PAPs and local government officials. This", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Census Enumeration and Inventory of Assets survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "h use _power-driven_ machinery and engage _less than ten workers_ . The CSA conducted five waves of SSMI surveys: 1994\u20131995, 2001\u20132002, 2005\u20132006, 2007\u2013 2008, and 2010\u20132011 - each wave collected on a _sample_ basis. The  >>> CSA sampling frame <<<  consists of all registered establishments employing less than 10 workers and using power driven machines. The SSMI survey was conducted using stratified sampling procedure to ensure representativeness of all establishments in the country. The CSA also provide a sampling weight f", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CSA sampling frame", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "was extended, at no additional cost, from 07/02/2011 to 09/30/2011, to allow for completion of an ongoing survey to assess the status of the PDO indicators (necessary because of an unexpected delay in publication of the  >>> DHS <<<  results).  Both restructurings were second level, and were approved by the Country Director. \n\n## **2. Key Factors Affecting Implementation and Outcomes** \n\n## **2.1 Project Preparation, Design and Quality at Entry** \n\n## **Preparation** \n\n16. A project identification mission in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ls**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Lwengo|1|2|5|5|\n|Nakaseke|1|1|1|1|\n|Wakiso|1|2|5|7|\n|Mityana|1|1|5|5|\n|Gomba|1|1|3|3|\n|Butambala|1|1|3|3|\n|Kalungu|1|1|11|11|\n|Masaka|1|1|4|4|\n|Lwero|1|1|1|1|\n\n\n\n### **4.3.3 Demographics** \n\n >>> Demographic and socio-economic data <<<  are a pre-requisite for planning and evidence-based decision making in any community. Such data are collected through population Censuses, demographic and socio-economic surveys, civil registration systems and other administrative records. In Uganda, the population census remain", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and socio-economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to explain the trends observed in the poverty data depends to a large part on being able to understand the trends in the various components of household income. This is a weak point of many household surveys, especially  >>> household priority surveys <<< . A third recommendation would be to pursue some of the qualitative analysis once the results of the quantitative surveys are available to explore whether the trends reported in the data make sense on the ground. A fourth recommendation would be to give some thought to sample siz", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household priority surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iews with the displaced people informed the desk-study and these other interviews and vice versa so there was a constant dynamic between the different methods and data sources used. The study also draws on some existing  >>> quantitative data <<<  (Enghoff et al., 2010; Refugee Consortium of Kenya, 2012). \n\n3", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "quantitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "B focal points,<br>WEO capacity strengthening, and realistic phased<br>timelines (12- 34- 57 schools over four years).<br>Additionally, data quality and harmonization<br>challenges exist with fragmented, inconsistent<br> >>> refugee education data <<<  collected separately by<br>MoE EMIS, UNHCR, and RRS using different<br>definitions and formats,creates challenges for|\n\n\n\nPage 23", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "refugee education data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>as part of the planning. Stakeholders consulted included: Kilifi<br>including PAPs.<br>County PCT, National KISIP PCT, Local Administration, SEC and<br>Community members including PAPs<br>The questionnaire collected  >>> PAP  census  information <<<  that registers<br>and locates the household; and, identifies all household by age,<br>sex, and relationship to head of household, education and<br>Census and<br>occupation and housing conditions.  Data for affected structures<br>Inventory of Losses  included construction type, u", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PAP  census  information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " doi: https://doi.org/10.1787/5a368e1b-en (Website accessed on May 8, 2021). The top three countries include: Luxembourg (47.3%), Australia (29.9%) and Switzerland (29.7%).\n\n> 6. Sources: The Federal Statistical Office,  >>> Swiss Labour Force Survey <<<  (SLFS). [Information retrieved from the Federal Statistics Office Website (https://bit.ly/2RM8xv5) on April 17, 2021].\n\n3", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Swiss Labour Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tor<sup>55</sup> and urban refugee livelihoods strategies,<sup>56</sup> provide information on refugee livelihoods in Kampala in a more relevant context. \n\n50 UNHCR (2012b) Uganda statistics by settlements, Kampala; the  >>> figure for refugees in Kampala <<<  was provided by UNHCR Kampala in June 2015. \n\n51 Interview, UNHCR, 18/6/2015. The African Youth Charter defines \u2018youth\u2019 as between the ages of 15 and 35 (UNESCO 2015). 52 Interview, JRS, 15/6/2015. \n\n53 Interview, FRC, 10/6/2015. \n\n> 54 See: Dryden-Peterson, S. & Hovil, L. (2003", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "figure for refugees in Kampala", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " By 1998, this ratio had fallen to around I percent or smaller in the\n\n> **45** See Appendix Table 9 for data on interest rate spreads for the twelve countries and for OECD countries.\n\n> **46** See Appendix Table 10 for  >>> data on central bank credit <<<  to banks as a share of GDP for the twelve countries and for OECD countries.\n\n45", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on central bank credit", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oyment.</mark>\n\n> 7 For example, the EU-LFS allow distinguishing between permanent and temporary contracts. However, it does not allow identification of workers without a contract.\n\n> 8 The World Bank has constructed an  >>> informal database of informality <<<  covering up to 196 economies over the period 1990-2020, but Romania was not included. https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/brief/informal-economy-database 9 The ILO publishes a database with global statistics on informal employment, but Romania estimates are not available. <u>h", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "informal database of informality", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- iii) Changa \n\niv) Luweni v) Mwatate \n\nThe consultant also tried to explain the reasons behind the spaces in the  >>> Cadastral Map <<< ., that \n\ni) There was no allocation during that time \n\nii) Land Disputes. \n\nThe chairman of the Ranch Management Committee reminded the meeting that it was illegal to have enumerated PAPs without consultations. He also agreed that the verification process would continue and also", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Cadastral Map", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " level. It is the responsibility of the City to regularly follow up with Federal on any pending responses required to resolve a complaint. \n\nAll actions taken on a particular complaint at any level must be logged in the  >>> GRM Log Sheet <<<  and captured in the project MIS. \n\n**Serious Complaints such as GBV and other cases:** Complaints related to GBV must be fast tracked and referred immediately by the City, using the GBV Referral Pathway as indicated in this procedure. \n\n### **GBV Referral Pathway** \n\nSerious com", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GRM Log Sheet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roposed reforms for welfare improvement of IDPs is aligning the short-term humanitarian assistance system with the long-term government social protection system (Gentilini et al., 2018; UNHCR, 2019). Although there\n\n> 2  >>> IDMC 2020 displacement data <<< . See link\n\n3", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IDMC 2020 displacement data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " pre-requisite for planning and evidence-based decision making in any community. Such data are collected through population Censuses, demographic and socio-economic surveys,  >>> civil registration systems <<<  and other administrative records. In Uganda, the population census remains the main source of demographic and socioeconomic data. The most recent population census was conducted in 2014. The population make-up of the project-affected districts is discussed below. \n\n### **4.3.3.1", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "civil registration systems", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t \uf0be would rise from 39.3 to 41.3.\n\nWhen compared with recently released post-crisis data, our ex-ante simulation model performed reasonably well in predicting the direction and magnitude of changes in poverty. Although,  >>> postcrisis EU-SILC data <<<  are not available, the household budget surveys (HBS) indicate that poverty rates increased from 10.12 percent in 2008 to 18.05 percent in 2009: an increase of about 8.0 percentage points.<sup>13,14</sup> and our simulation model predicted a poverty increase of about 6.0 percent", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "postcrisis EU-SILC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion** \n\nInformation on the operation of the local economy in the project area was obtained from two main sources: a baseline socio-economic survey of PAPs undertaken during 1999 by WS Atkins; and, a report undertaken by  >>> ACDI-VOCA <<<  in April 2000 for AESNP. The information collected for the PAPs remains relevant as the baseline for the resettlement programme. Information about the region in general as taken from the ACDI-VOCA is considered relevant for the level of detail needed for this SEA. \n\n##### **Occu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ACDI-VOCA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Antidumping, Retaliation Threats, and Export Prices<sup>1</sup> _Veysel Avsar_<sup>_2_</sup> 1 I am indebted to Marc Muendler for kindly inviting me to UC San Diego to work with the  >>> SECEX <<<  and RAIS data, sharing his data preparation codes, providing computational support and answering all of my related questions. I want to thank Lisandra Flach for helping me with the data and for many other useful suggestions. I also want to thank the UC San Diego Department of Ec", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SECEX", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " weather products, since the current spatial resolution of geospatial data is not fine enough for spatial anonymization to result in mismeasurement of weather events that are experienced by sampled households.\n\n> 10 The  >>> SPEI data <<<  are based on gridded data produced by the Climatic Research Unit of the University of East Anglia and can be downloaded here. The level of resolution is 0.5 x 0.5 degrees.\n\n> 11 The Nigeria FEWS NET crop calendar is available <u>here.</u>\n\n14", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SPEI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "act.\n\nSpecifically a one standard deviation increase in backward specialization increases productivity growth of the average sector by 0.06 percent.\n\n> 7 The sample in Constantinescu, Mattoo and Ruta (2016b) consists of  >>> 1995-2009 annual data <<<  (as 2010 and 2011 are excluded due to lack of capital data) for 14 manufacuring sectors and  39 countries (Russian Federation is excluded due to prevalence of commodity exports).  Data come from the World Input-Output Database (Timmer et al, 2015), obtained by interacting Census", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1995-2009 annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th budget allocation; (iv) All subprojects involving temporary physical or economic displacement and relocation to include consulted ARAP/Reinstatement/Restoration Plan before award of contracts; (v) GRM constituted and  >>> grievances records <<<  being maintained at Municipality level; (vi) At least two stakeholder\u2019s consultations with Project Affected Persons were undertaken at preparation stage and two at implementation stage. \n\nIV", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "grievances records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". \n\n- **If** the grievance is deemed ineligible it can be rejected. However, a full explanation as to the reasons for this must be given to the complainant and recorded in the  >>> Grievance Database <<< . \n\n- **If** the grievance is eligible, determine its severity level. This will hefap pdetermine whether the grievance can be resolved immediately or requires further in i<sup>4</sup> tigation and whether senior management will need to be informe **f** the grievance. \n\n\n\n<!-- Sta", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Grievance Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "through final asset<br>inventory and valuation by<br>NLC.<br>PAP must provide proof of<br>business income generation<br>at the affected structure and<br>by the related business<br>carried out at the structure<br>through  >>> business records <<< .<br>In the absence of business<br>records to proof business<br>income, the value of the<br>affected business will be<br>determined<br>through<br>observations<br>and<br>interviews among other<br>methodologies<br>done<br>by<br>NLC/ Registered Valuers|County<br>Social<br>Developmen", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "business records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nsactions to be reported in accordance with the appropriate standards. The budget is published on the GBD\u2019s website (www.gbd.gov.jo). The final accounts and the monthly General Government Finance Bulletin, which include  >>> budgetary government finance statistics <<<  aggregated according to the economic and functional classifications), are also published on the Ministry of Finance\u2019s website. \n\n31 Jordan: Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) Assessment (2022). \n\nPage | 63", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "budgetary government finance statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ters,<br>labourers,<br>rights<br>of<br>access) of<br>affected<br>lands are<br>included in the  >>> census survey <<<  and<br>are paid|\n\n\n\n**_Resettlement Action Plan Report for Mombasa Lot 2B Pipelines_** \n\n**_3-2_**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vere damage to infrastructure, increase the risk of water scarcity and increase crop land exposure to drought** . This will increase demand for water, raising the potential for conflict and \n\n> 3 According to Ethiopia\u2019s  >>> 2007 Census <<< . \n\n> 4 World Bank Poverty and Equity Brief for Ethiopia, October 2021. \n\n> 5 As of May 11, 2022, Ethiopia had registered 470,760 COVID cases and 7,510 fatalities: _https://covid19.who.int/region/afro/country/et_ \n\n> 6 World Bank analysis suggests that the poverty headcount in th", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2007 Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to the Executive Directors for eventual reimbursement. \n\n12. In addition, it is proposed to reimburse about $787,000 of construction and supervision expenditures on two road sections (trunk roads No. 1 and No. 2 on the  >>> map attached to the Appraisal Report <<< ). It happens that road No. 1 was built to gravel standard under a previous IDA credit (No. 70-KE) but subsequent estimates of traffic growth justified a decision to pave this road. At the time this decision was taken, it became apparent that substantial savings would be achieved", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "map attached to the Appraisal Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ble Social and Environmental Standards\" applies. Specifically EPFI Principle 3 states that \"for projects located in non-OECD countries and those located in OCED countries not designated as High-income, as defined by the  >>> World Bank Development Indicators Database <<< , the Assessment will refer to the then applicable IFC Performance Standards and the then applicable Industry Specific EHS Guidelines (EHS Guidelines). The Assessment will establish to a participating EPFI's satisfaction the projects overall compliance with, or justified deviatio", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Development Indicators Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cnditure, prices and quantitics.\n\nSeveral other lessons that can be learned from the process of qucstionnaire design are presented in the box below which summarizes experience with a survey in Bangladesh.\n\n# Bangladesh:  >>> Village Energy Survey <<< \n\nIn Bangladesh, a survey focusing on the interrelationships bctween different village resources and energy patterns was undertaken in 1984, as the first phase in introducing alternative energy technologies. Important factors which were considered include: location of reserve for", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Village Energy Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "are typically correlated with higher transportation safety risks. \n\nThe severity of the potential impacts on accidents and safety is directly related to changes in traffic volumes and traffic types and in the absence of  >>> baseline traffic data <<< . As such, appropriate control and mitigation measures need to be implemented to reduce the potential impact of construction traffic on accidents and ensure safety on the roads. Mitigation measures identified below will be modified for site-specific issues once the construction t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline traffic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "that are only sub-categories of the broader categories captured by the Balance of Payments data.\n\nA second characteristic, and just mentioned, is that service export data are not collected in the same detailed manner as  >>> goods export data <<< . This means we will end up with only ten broad categories of service exports. They are different enough to make the analysis interesting, but it of course limits the extent to which we can understand the mechanisms in play. For example, if a country \u2013 within the same service exp", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "goods export data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " including those based on user feedback (and also supported by the same operation); digital archiving of government documents to facilitate compliance with legal requirements under the Access to Information Law; and the  >>> DOS interactive statistical data portal <<< . The Program will also leverage reporting to the public by the GOJ on the implementation of the EMV, and capture stakeholders\u2019 feedback through impact assessments by the ESCJ of achieved results during Program implementation.<sup>16</sup> \n\n### **Gender** \n\n**58. Within the scop", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DOS interactive statistical data portal", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roviding a favourable protection environment for people taking refuge from war and social unrest in neighbouring countries. The National Asylum Law complies with international standards and includes refugees in Rwanda\u00b4s  >>> national birth registration system <<< , thereby decreasing the risk of statelessness. The Law also stipulates the right to work, freedom of movement and access to documentation. \n\nWith the adoption of a number of progressive and forwardthinking commitments, strategic plans and frameworks at national and international", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national birth registration system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "xtra-budgetary revenues from fees and hospital reimbursements are collected and reported separately from budgetary expenditures, and reporting of both are very uneven across facilities).  Personnel data are incomplete.   >>> Data on assets <<<  (status of health infrastructure) are nearly nonexistent. \n\n18 In brief, this would require (a) capacity to monitor actual MoF allocations and releases, MoH disbursements, and expenditures at the facility or cost-center level during \u2013 not after \u2013 budget execution; (b) ability to", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on assets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dingImplementation 2019-01-16 2019-02-18 2019-05-19<br>hospital, Laisamis hospital,<br>Kalacha hospital<br> KE-ELGEYO MARAKWET -<br>84513-GO-RFQ / Purchase of<br>1 Heavy Duty Multipurposephotocopier (4 in one) tosupport  >>> RMNCAH Data <<<  IDA / 58360 Post Request forQuotations Limited Single Stage - OneEnvelope 0.00 PendingImplementation 2018-11-25 2019-01-20 2019-05-20<br>review for County Referral<br>Hospital Iten<br> KE-GARISSA COUNTY-84505-GO-RFQ / PURCHASEOF  10 LAPTOPS  AND 4DESKTOPS. IDA / 58360 Post Reque", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RMNCAH Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "acquire food for the household (such as buying 5 kilograms of rice), which is entered in the  >>> diary of the person acquiring the food <<< . So the personal diary is a not an individual\u2019s record of food consumption. Rather, it records the food brought into the household by each member even if for several members to consume (as well as food consumed outside the household). This intensive supervision of the personal d", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "diary of the person acquiring the food", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "995-2009 annual data (as 2010 and 2011 are excluded due to lack of capital data) for 14 manufacuring sectors and  39 countries (Russian Federation is excluded due to prevalence of commodity exports).  Data come from the  >>> World Input-Output Database <<<  (Timmer et al, 2015), obtained by interacting Census data (interpolated for years between Censuses) with yearly trade data. Vertical specialization", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Input-Output Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tatistics (LBS), the most comprehensive source of information on international banking, available since 1977. The LBS compile assets and liabilities of internationally active banks on a residency basis, in line with the  >>> balance of payments statistics <<<  (IMF 2009). In 2018, the LBS covered close to 8,000 banks (branches and subsidiaries) in 47 reporting countries comprising North and South countries as well major offshore financial centers, each reporting loans and deposits with more than 200 counterparty countries. The concent", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "balance of payments statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n- **Switzerland:** Swiss Household Panel (SHP) \u2013 6 surveys, covering the period 1999-2014 \u2013 originally consisting of 43,102 individuals, which then decline to 31,273 valid observations.\n\n- **United Kingdom:** starts as  >>> British Household Panel <<<  (BHPS), replaced after 2009 by the Understanding Society-Household Longitudinal Survey (UKHLS) \u2013 considers 24 waves over the period 1991-2014 \u2013 originally consisting of 434,253 individuals, which then decline to 308,625 valid observations.\n\nOur selection rules include individual", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "British Household Panel", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "licy implications. The recent East Asian Crisis, for example, has been attributed to the poor protection of minority shareholders rights. The policy implications of these questions call for the collection of such data.\n\n >>> Bank surveys <<<  ask many good questions about corporate governance, although the coverage varies greatly. Consider the contrast between what theory suggests we should measure and what Bank surveys actually collect:\n\n1. Theory suggests that competition in the managerial labor markets and reputat", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "service provision cannot be maintained a system will be in place to determine vulnerability and hence refine targeting. \n\n# **4.0 Recording Vulnerability Data** \n\nThere are currently two data bases being used in Jordan.  >>> ProGres <<<  is the standard registration system being used globally by UNHCR and RAIS a system developed and used in the region. ProGres was not \n\n> 10 Note IOM does assess vulnerability at the reception centre. This is done in order to prioritize referral of individuals to services. \n\n7", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ProGres", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mber of Workers) Notice, too, that re-weighting observations for small firms according to the weights provided by the\n\n> 3Since there is no alternative data source, we are not able to verify if this is an the quality of  >>> Kenyan data <<< . Nevertheless, the size distribution of firms in Kenya looks similar to Uruguay and the Rep \u0301ublica Bolivariana de Venezuela (Busso et al., 2013).\n\n7", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Kenyan data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " End of picture text --> vending, Water Resources Development 16(1): 143-154; and Kjellen, M. (2000b) Uuzaji wa Maji katika Jiji la Dar es Salaam. Environment and Development Studies Unit (EDSU), Stockholm. Data source:  >>> Water Vendor Survey <<<  1998/1999,", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Water Vendor Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d expected to be finalized before the project becomes effective. \n\n48. **At MoH, Peachtree accounting software is in use for recording transaction and producing reports.** The project\u2019s transactions are also captured in  >>> IFMIS <<< , but no report is produced for the project purpose as IFMIS will need to be customized to be able to capture all the components of the program. The Peachtree accounting software is currently operating on a multiuser mode by using one of the PCs as a server. Regions use the same ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " household surveys is that they tend to be undertaken using different sampling methodologies across different countries, and thus the derived crime rates are not comparable between countries. Thus, crime statistics from  >>> household crime surveys <<<  in different countries cannot just simply be pooled together. Finally, these household surveys typically collect data for one period of time and thus studies based on these data face the issue of time invariant omitted variables.\n\nOur approach in this paper is to exploit cross-c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household crime surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "imited data iitt \u03b5\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b2 \u2212 \u03b2\u03b2 TTllaa \u03b3\u03b3 availability the inclusion of some further explanatory variables would have substantially cut the sample size.\n\n# **4. Data**\n\nData used in this study come from several sources. The  >>> CO2 emissions and energy consumption data <<<  are from International Energy Agency (IEA) Fuel Combustion Statistics database and World Energy Statistics and Balances database", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CO2 emissions and energy consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">undertakenwithandaimof</sup> improving agriculture and livestock data<sup>collectionandanalysis</sup> \n\n   - Consumer Price Index and inflation rates were<sup>releasedonmonthlybasis</sup> during the **2015/16.** \n\n   -  >>> Monthly Leading Economic Indicators <<<  were<sup>producedanddisseminatedon</sup> timely basis \n\n   - The Producer Price Index for manufacturing sector was<sup>produced onquarterly</sup> basis. \n\n   - Weekly retail market prices data collection<sup>wasdone", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Monthly Leading Economic Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The  >>> Return Intention Survey <<<  (RIS) was conducted using a questionnaire (Annex C) which was slightly adapted to the current situation. Enumerators from six Protection Cluster members (IVAP, IOM-HComms, BEST, EHSAR, PADO, PVDP, BPDO) contributed to the exercise and were trained by the Protection Cluster on th", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Return Intention Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "collection, data from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) on IDP movements, and data from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). In addition, we access Malian census data and use conflict data from the  >>> Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project <<<  (ACLED).\n\nWe use eight years (2011, 2013-2019) of Mali\u2019s Enqu\u02c6ete Modulaire et Permanente aupr`es des M \u0301enages (EMOP), a nationally representative household survey on employment, income, consumption, with indicators on demographics and well-being (Institut National de La Statis", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# Appendix A: Source Data\n\n##  >>> Population census data <<< \n\nThis paper relies on data collected by eight Pacific Island governments\u2019 National Statistics Offices (see Table A1) through their national population and housing censuses, and disseminated by the Statistics for Development Division (SDD) of the Pacific Community (SPC) through t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Population census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS-I, 2019), comprising four waves of  >>> individual and household survey data <<<  from 1980-2010. We complement these data with the information from Brazil\u2019s national electricity regulatory authority, ANEEL ( _Ag\u00eancia Nacional de Energia El\u00e9trica_ ), and from the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport of Brazil, DNIT ( _Departamento Nacional de Infraestrutu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "individual and household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the  >>> Land\u2019s Register <<< . _tenure._ Even though their assets would be affected by the roads, they can always use the title as collateral to secure loans in future and this would be very beneficial. Gender and \u2022 This is in the case of land ownership, if both _The RAP also recommends joint_ Equality the n", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Land\u2019s Register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "form reserve requirements on bank deposits in both domestic and foreign currency, coupled with a marginal reserve requirement on increases in bank foreign liabilities. Remuneration of required reserves was kept\n\n> 2 For  >>> time series data on financial system shares <<<  through mid-2007, see the CNB Macroprudential Bulletin #6, p. 29. 3 Naturally, any form of sterilization that succeeded in limiting the money supply would raise interest rates, ceteris paribus. There would always be a large positive differential between the interest rate on bank", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "time series data on financial system shares", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d using sampling weights that consider the selection probabilities in strata (firm size, business sector, and geographic region), enabling companies to be representative within countries.\n\nThe paper uses the most recent  >>> standardized data set <<<  for the period 2006-2022, which includes 67 surveys. After processing the database, 13,025 manufacturing firms in 39 SSA countries remained. The database provides information on companies' perception regarding the business environment and on their characteristics as well as thei", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "standardized data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "have information on public spending undertaken by the municipality, population, staffing levels at the municipality, poverty, reported social conflicts, and a number of features of the political process.\n\nThe  >>> public expenditure data <<<  at the municipal level is particularly detailed. For each municipality in Peru we have available the budgeted public spending as well as the actual public spending outlays for 2007 through 2009. While information is in principle available 8", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "public expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " applicability as bases for definitive assessment of project effectiveness or impact. The key studies completed during the course of the project were the following: the Baseline Survey; the Farmer Follow-up Surveys; the  >>> Extension Staff Survey <<< ; and the Beneficiary Assessment. VVhile in some of the studies the survey data collection method employed resulted in potential bias, the studies do make it possible to do some qualitative assessment. A systematic comparison of the surveys and the beneficiary assessment findings", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Extension Staff Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f productivity growth \u2013 ease of capital accumulation, better job matching, knowledge spillovers and so on \u2013 but also because the absence of location specific production data and local prices often dictates a reliance on  >>> labor force data <<< .<sup>6</sup> In the present work, we use plant-level average wages (total wages/number of workers) directly observed from the production data which can be directly compared to other plant-level productivity measures. Since we do not have geographically disaggregated data on loca", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor force data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f Korea, acting through the Korea Development Institute School of Public Policy and Management (KDIS) and its Knowledge Partnership with the World Bank. The analysis in this paper would not be possible without data from  >>> national accounts and household surveys <<< , and publicly available compilations by international agencies made available from the World Development Indicators database, PovcalNet and others. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily r", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national accounts and household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dered in deciding where to implement the FAT survey. We targeted countries on different continents (Asia, Africa, South America, and Europe), with different levels of income, for which there was access to a high-quality  >>> sampling frames <<< . In these countries, we collected data from 21,055 randomly selected establishments from the sampling frames. Table 2 shows the distributions of the sample by country, sector, and size groups and Table C.1 provides descriptive statistics. The median establishment in our sample h", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sampling frames", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ompleted by regions and reported to MUI \n\n   - IV. Benishangul Gumuz, Gambella, Sidama, South West Ethiopia, Central Ethiopia, Amhara, Tigray, Oromia, South Ethiopia & DireDawa City Administration Regions have completed  >>> Rural Road Condition Survey <<<  for road maintenance project planned for EFY 2017. \n\n   - V. All regions Completed Preparation of SBD based on Model sent from Federal and Comments are incorporated for procurement process.  All Regional Governments allocated RCFSP Matching Fund allocation to RCFSP dedicated acc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Rural Road Condition Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tely 6 percent of Pakistani households that do not own a phone were excluded from our study. As such, our study results are only representative of the phone-owning households in Pakistan. Fourth, given the nature of the  >>> phone survey <<< , all responses were caregiver-reported. Fifth, since the survey was cross-sectional, we could not", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "phone survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tock on soil erosion and compaction and the disruption of hydrological flows; \n\n- Alternative livelihoods such as apiculture, Jojopa, herbal hibiscus, honey, hides and skins etc. to reduce pressures on pasture land; \n\n-  >>> Land resources inventory <<< ; \n\n- Introduction herbaceous vegetation to cover the soil during the dry seasons in order to reduce soil erosion and the siltation of waterways. \n\nc) Taita Hills Catchment: Taita hills are situated in Taita Taveta District, Coast Province. The Taita hills are important rain catc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Land resources inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "c Power Haromaya - Chelenko 132kV Power TL & SS Subproject_ \n\n- Consulting with the interested parties; \n\n- Investigating the grievance, including drawing on the census enumeration and property registration survey data,  >>> GPS locational data <<< , and photographic evidence; \n\n- Achieving resolution of received complaints and grievances, including agreementmaking; \n\n- Reporting back to the complainant; \n\n- Sign-off/closeout; \n\n- Follow up and monitoring; and \n\n- Reporting on the grievance system as part of the overall Sub", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GPS locational data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Soil moisture| >>> Soil Water Index <<<  from Copernicus Global<br>Land Service|Soil moisture standardized anomaly (based<br>on the average over the first three months<br>of thegrowingseason)|\n|---|---|---|\n|Availability of water<br>for crops|FEWS NET|End of season WRSI as anomaly (as a ratio<br>of the WRSI to the medi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Soil Water Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "### **Summary** \n\n#### **Objective** \n\n- This  >>> cross sectional survey <<<  was conducted among Syrian refugees living in Lebanon, to monitor access to and utilization of key health services. Refugees in Lebanon are predominantly living in urban areas and informal settlements and there are no refugee camps. \n\n#### **Methods** \n\n- 10 surveyors underwent ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cross sectional survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "report should include budget allocation and expenditure data that should be consistent with the KPI report. \n\n39. While the  >>> KPI data <<<  has quality issues particularly related with the comprehensiveness of the data capture, the practice if encouraging. It is understood, the system building effort is a process that passes through obstacles and challenges and the end result cannot be achieved in one go. The effort", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KPI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ose having a significant impact on FDI. As shown in Figure 2, the selected disciplines are also the most frequent WTO-X areas included in PTAs.\n\n# b. Investments\n\nReliable investment data are not as readily available as  >>> trade data <<< . When available the data usually come from surveys conducted by Central Banks or Statistical Offices and are used to comply", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tivate maize in at least one eligible program, hectare of owned or rented land (and in no more than 15 hectares), had to be between 18 and 70 years old and had to sow maize in the 2015 growing season. We have consistent  >>> panel data on agricultural practices <<<  in 2014, 2015 and 2017 for 678 farmers and they comprise the core sample for the study.<sup>18</sup> Table 2 provides summary statistics for the study sample of 678 farmers and their registered plots. Panel A reports farmer characteristics. Incomes were low by Mexican standards ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel data on agricultural practices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a  >>> household survey <<<  for the period after the shock is not yet available. However, and this is even more important, even if survey data were available, they may not provide an adequate counterfactual given that, simultaneously to the oil price drop, the Russian economy has been influenced by other s", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " observation survey conducted in all the preschools within the sample villages.\n\nThe household survey included information about family structure, household wealth, and other socioeconomic background characteristics.The  >>> caregiver survey <<<  included questions regarding the child\u2019s preschool enrollment and socio-emotional development, as well as 25 questions about parenting practices. The latter measure three key dimensions of parenting: \u201ccognitive parenting\u201d, \u201cemotional parenting\u201d, \u201cand negative parenting\u201d. More co", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "caregiver survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " survey programs (Afrobarometer, Latinobarometro, Americas Barometer, and European Quality of Governance Survey), as well as one global household survey (the Gallup World Poll). In addition, one of our data sources, the  >>> World Justice Project Rule of Law Index <<< , is a hybrid combining findings from an expert assessment with a cross-country household survey with near-global coverage. These firm and household survey data sources are particularly salient because they directly capture survey respondents\u2019 perceptions of the quality of govern", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Justice Project Rule of Law Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "spanning intermittent years from 1995 to 2011 from GTAP and  >>> employment data from ILO <<< .<sup>6</sup> The input-output tables in the GTAP data set allow one to exploit a form of social accounting data\u2014a variation on the social accounting matrix (SAM) where incomes are shown in the rows of the SAM and expenditures are shown in the columns (see Hertel (2013) and McDou", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "employment data from ILO", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Using  >>> HBS data <<<  presents some challenges, the main one being the absence of data or responses that match exactly with the hypotheses we made in this paper. For instance, the HBS does not collect information related to transaction and search costs. Moreover, the data set that is available to us ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HBS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **2.2 Data Collection**\n\nThe sample frame for the  >>> Chaldal survey <<<  was all small and medium sized suppliers (\u201cvendors\u201d) who had supplied goods through Chaldal in the last 3 months. The survey was implemented by computer-assisted telephone interviews (CATI), fielded in June 2021 by the Chaldal call center. The vendor list provided by Chaldal inc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Chaldal survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for the year ended June **30, 2016** which disclose the state of affairs of the Bureau. \n\n##### **Principal activities** \n\nThe Bureau is the principal agency of the Government for collecting, analysing and disseminating  >>> statistical data <<<  in Kenya and is the custodian of official statistical information. \n\n##### **Results** \n\nThe financial performance of the Bureau for the year ended June **30, 2016** are set out on page<sup>**28.**</sup> \n\n##### **Directors** \n\nThe members of the Board of Directors who served du", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "statistical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uld be used to finance part of the Project. \n\nPART I - THE ECONOMY \n\n2. A. report entitled \"Kenya Economic Memorandum\" (Report No. 2441-KE, dated March 1979) has been distributed to the Executive Directors. A summary of  >>> social and economic data <<<  is at Annex I. A Basic Economic Report on Kenya is now under preparation. \n\nEconomic Structure and Trends \n\n3. Dluring the first sixteen years of independence Kenya has had continuity in leadership and development strategy. That strategy has been to promote rapid economic growth", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "social and economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ca, Email: aimable.nsabimana@wider.unu.edu; We wish to express our profound gratitude to the Rwandan National Examination and School Inspection Authority (NESA), Rwanda Basic Education Board (REB) for granting access to  >>> standardized students\u2019 test score datasets <<< , and to the Rwanda Ministry of Education (MINEDUC) for sharing official documents related to the education sector in the country. We are grateful to Kathleen Beegle, Heidi Kaila, Dean Karlan, Konrad Burchardi, Moussa Blimpo, and participants at the STIAS 2024 Nobel Symposium in ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "standardized students\u2019 test score datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "producedanddisseminatedon</sup> timely basis \n\n   - The  >>> Producer Price Index <<<  for manufacturing sector was<sup>produced onquarterly</sup> basis. \n\n   - Weekly retail market prices data collection<sup>wasdone anddata compiledand</sup> reported on monthly basis. \n\n   - Quarterly Gross Domestic Product: The<sup>directorateparticipatedinthe</sup> collection a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Producer Price Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e toolbox of policy makers and researchers, because these types of household-survey-based data are not usually readily amenable to analyzing the impacts of trade-reforms and can be hard to access. The list of countries,  >>> household surveys <<< , year of data collection and sample sizes are reported in Table 1.\n\n> 1Household surveys are typically collected by national statistical agencies.\n\n2", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " approved AIEs/approved activities. Drawing of the funds is strictly for the purpose as detailed in instructions. On spending, the support documents are sent to MoE/TSC headquarters where they reviewed and posted in the  >>> IFMIS <<< . \n\n_10._ **_Key potential risk and action:_** _a) Financial processes in MoE/TSC county offices are manual and therefore the potential risk of manipulation b) ineffective monitoring of financial spending at the county level. There is need to strengthen the financial reporting an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt numbers, even across government sources (Census versus Economic Survey, notably). For simplicity we use Census data from 2019 whenever possible as it covers more variables than other sources. \n\n> 57 <mark>World Bank,  >>> World Development Indicators database <<< . Estimates are based on data obtained from International Labour Organization, ILOSTAT at https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/.</mark> \n\n> 58 World Bank World Development Indicators database. \n\n> 59 <mark>World Bank 2018. Kenya Poverty and Gender Assessment 2016/16 - A Decade of Progres", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "many backgrounds, including the media, business, academia, the public sector, and elsewhere (Figure 2). The  >>> survey <<<  was not intended to be representative of the populations of the countries: those who responded were probably more likely than the average person to be interested in\n\n16", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "x and age** \n\nUNHCR\u2019s policy priorities on gender equality, children, including adolescents, and older refugees require that its data on persons of concern should be disaggregated by, among others, age and sex. However,  >>> demographic information <<<  on the populations of concern is not available for all countries, or tends to be very variable. The coverage tends to be high for refugees and returnees and low for stateless persons and returned IDPs, even if the overall populations of concern in these last two groups has incre", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demographic information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (2011, 2015) and floods (2014, 2017, 2019)<sup>112</sup> with high numbers of casualties, displacement, and loss of livestock severely affecting people\u2019s livelihoods and the country\u2019s development efforts.<sup>113</sup>  >>> Aggregated data sets based on global models <<< <sup>114</sup> are available for South Sudan (see figure 5.1), but more granular data regarding the frequency and intensity of natural hazards; exposed assets (people, buildings, livestock, and so on); as well as the location of flood protection infrastructure are largely missing", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Aggregated data sets based on global models", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(913F) employed in self-employment and wage employment pathways, respectively. \n\n   - **_Impact Evaluation:_** The baseline data (collected in January 2022), follow-up I (Sept/Oct 2023), and Follow-up II (Sept/Oct 2024)  >>> fieldwork data <<<  have been collected and the final datasets have been submitted to the WB. \n\n19", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fieldwork data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ReliefWeb, See moreover, Somalia:</u> Impact of Clan Conflicts, Marc 2025, available at: 20250319_ACAPS_Crisis_Impact_of_clan_conflicts_in_Somalia.pdf \n\nxi  Ibid. \n\nxii Protection and Solutions Monitoring Network \n\nxiii  >>> DTM projections <<< , Somalia January 2025 \n\nxiv  See Assessment Report on Minority Groups \u2013 Somalia 2025, available at: Assessment Report on Minority Groups \u2013 Somalia 2025 (February 27, 2025) - \n\n<u>Somalia | ReliefWeb</u> \n\nxv NRC/UNHCR (2025): Protection and Conflict Sensitive Analysis in Somalia", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM projections", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Table A3: Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Questions in Malawi\n\n||Pre- >>> COVID-19 Surveys <<< ||COVID-19 Surveys||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|FIES|Question|Recall|Question|Recall|\n|FS1|Did you worry that your household would not have<br>enough food?|7 day|You or any other adult in your household were<br>worried about not having enough food to eat be-<br>cause of lack of money", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COVID-19 Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "estion would have the greatest distributional benefits. Section 7 summarizes and concludes the paper.\n\n# **2.  Prior Research**\n\n# **2.1 Air Pollutants and Health**\n\nThis paper uses data from the European Space Agency\u2019s  >>> Sentinel-5P platform <<<  that have been published since July 2018. Sentinel-5P measures four air pollutants that are generated by vehicular emissions: nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) Extensive research has analyzed their significance as sources of health", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Sentinel-5P platform", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " survey was administered on a sample of 1,407 IAPP farmer group members within 78 randomly selected villages of the 110 villages in our experimental sample.<sup>14</sup> In addition to household characteristics, and the  >>> dry season agricultural data <<<  collected in each survey wave, the baseline survey included a module on social network linkages, in which we asked each household questions about their interactions with all other farmers in their farmer group (sampled or not). In our analysis, we consider a household to be in a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "dry season agricultural data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g if discovery is driven by these stages of diversification, we first expand on the findings of Imbs and Wacziarg (2003) by considering diversification of the export basket. This is because Imbs and Wacziarg (2003) used  >>> labor data <<<  in their analysis of the stages of diversification, while we use export data to identify discoveries. It may not be true that the export basket follows a similar pattern of diversification as the national production basket. To determine whether these same stages of diversificati", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "p-down approach to measuring the dynamics of the unofficial economy.\n\n# **The Macroelectric Approach to Measurement of the Unofficial Economy and Its Application to Ukraine**\n\nIn most of the FSU and CEE states, official  >>> GDP figures <<<  measure the official economy. Almost by definition, and due to the slow (and very partial at best) adaptation of statistical methodology to more market-based systems, the unofficial economy has been minimally captured in official statistics. Official GDP figures can therefore be", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GDP figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", with emergency food insecurity levels in the northern pastoral areas. In addition, a sharp spike in food prices linked to Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine pushed up poverty rates especially in rural areas. Though official  >>> poverty data <<<  for 2022 are not yet available, microsimulations based on the High-Frequency Surveys estimate poverty at approximately 40 percent in June 2022, higher than the poverty rate of 36 percent in 2015/16.<sup>7</sup> The government put in place measures to shield the population from f", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "poverty data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is 70 years). There is also research on the \u201ccredit spread puzzle\u201d for corporate bonds, typically using  >>> data from the past 30 years <<< .<sup>13</sup> The high excess returns on external sovereign bonds have received much less attention, in large part because earlier studies found little evidence of excess returns in the first place (Section 2).\n\nBecause we quantify the outcome of each default episode, our analys", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from the past 30 years", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rcent).\n\nInformation on eReader usage was also derived from direct extraction of usage statistics from the eReaders themselves. The eReaders used in the experiment (Kindle, version 3.2) allowed for limited extraction of  >>> usage data <<<  \u2013 such as books read/opened, highlights, and notes. Two strategies were followed. First, data were collected by transcribing information from the \u2018menu\u2019 of actual eReaders recovered from students at endline. Second, functioning devices were connected to the internet to extract u", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "usage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pletion of the study clinical bio-markers and other additional patient information were obtained from paper and electronic files. Patients at baseline, when first recruited into the study,\n\n> 2 The study also included a  >>> household survey <<<  component, with interviews being conducted with patient", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ur paper contributes to this literature by providing novel evidence of various performance indicators of GVC firms compared to non-GVC firms following Covid-19 up to a year and a half into the pandemic, especially since  >>> GVC data <<<  is usually available with a lag.\n\nSecond, we contribute to the literature on the role of trade policy when such a shock takes place, particularly non-tariff measures. Until now, only a few studies have focused on Covid-19 and trade policy, mainly looking at the trade policy resp", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GVC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "c*d are provided. These average figures are hiding the fact, that an unknown number of customers are getting less water or no water at all ( >>> reliable data <<<  are not available at present). Service coverage and quality are falling as a result of rapid urban migration, insufficient resources for operation, maintenance and new investments, and inadequate incentives for sector agencies to improve services. \n\n-3-", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "reliable data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gains from trade._ The data on the per-unit measure of transport costs are relatively sparse. Earlier papers on the specific freight rates explored the determinants of the per-weight freight rates. Mainly because in the  >>> BTI dataset <<< \u2014the pioneering dataset for measuring specific freight rates\u2014other units were not reported. Lashkaripour (2020) made a point that consumers buy units, not kilos of manufactured goods, and thus the per-unit measure is more relevant from the perspective of trade models. The per-uni", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BTI dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctive release of high-value data sets that can be used to improve government transparency, accountability, and performance. Notable examples include the United States and the United Kingdom, who pioneered the release of  >>> government data sets <<<  in an effort to make government more transparent through platforms such as _data.gov_ and _data.gov.uk_ . Since then, numerous", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "government data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al and Social Impact Assessment for the Proposed Construction of Masaka-Mutukula-Mwanza 400kv 92km Transmission Line and Associated Substation. May 2025. Final Report prepared by NEK Consultants, submitted to UETCL. \n\n-  >>> IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Reports <<< . Generated for each section of the transmission line. Reports generated under license 6354-89568 from the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IBAT PS6 & ESS6 Reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " violations and responses; \n\n-  >>> Accident and fatality records <<<  and notifications to authorities; \n\n- Records of legally required worker benefits and proof of workers\u2019 enrollment in the related programs; \n\n- Worker payroll records, including hours worked and pay received; \n\n- Identification of safety committee members and records of meetings", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Accident and fatality records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n the management, operation and maintenance of civil registration and vital statistics systems,<sup>2</sup> on the legal framework,<sup>3</sup> on communication<sup>4</sup> and on policies and protocols for safeguarding  >>> civil registration records <<< .<sup>5</sup> \n\n2. In implementing the International Programme, the Statistics Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the Secretariat developed, organized and conducted a series of workshops in all regions of the world (with the exception of Europe), introdu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "civil registration records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt possible, all o f the Bank\u2019s share of expenditures should be paid through the special accounts. The Special Account will be replenished through the submission o f withdrawal applications on a quarterly along with the  >>> FMRs <<<  and other reports indicated above. \n\n52", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "FMRs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "students (60.3 percent of the total migrant student population) are under irregular status or pending regularization.<sup>20</sup> The issue of disabilities is also a priority item for Government policies on inclusion.   >>> MEP statistics <<< ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MEP statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ystems (EMIS) and harmonize data standards** , keeping in mind any protection concerns related to disaggregation. There is a need to harmonize and utilise all existing data sources (e.g., multi-sector needs assessments,  >>> household surveys <<< , learning assessments) to ensure that the unique needs of refugees are captured. The current practice of disaggregating by nationality in EMIS in some countries is helpful, however it is not necessarily scalable to contexts where there have been long-term migrant flows between c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> KAP survey <<< , the geographic, demographic and sectoral diversities of the regions were the primary considerations. The survey covered localities that are within urban and pastoralist settings. Taking the lifespan of localities as a factor, it equally embraced sites that are relatively old an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KAP survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the  >>> fisheries surveys <<<  are reported and discussed herewith. Data on the 'socioeconomic' aspects of the fishery are reported separately in Section 3.7.4.4. \n\n#### **3.6.4.1 Historical and Present Status of Ugandan Fish Populations** \n\nScientific, English equivalent and Vernacular equivalent names for c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fisheries surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of picture text -->\nSource:  >>> Online survey conducted with 3RP partners <<<  between 22<br>October and 10 November 2017.<br>Understanding and complying  with anitarian principles Technical skills and standards Organisational capacity eg  proposal and reports writing Gender mainstreaming Social cohesion Other<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nCapacity buil", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Online survey conducted with 3RP partners", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le (4,677 individuals in the pooled 2010-2012 cohorts examined in this report)\n\n- Particular focus on the outcomes of women aged 16-24 as well as the outcomes of a broader category of youth (men and women aged 16-35)\n\n-  >>> Socioeconomic survey data <<<  of participants and a control group of non-participants as well as administrative follow-up data on program participants\n\n- Exhaustive tracking of program participants over time that produced high response rates.\n\n- Examination of a large set of outcome domains, including employ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socioeconomic survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " return to having applied processes aimed at enhancing competition, transparency and combating the scope for corruption, or the expected return to adopting new procedures that have such outcomes as objectives.\n\nThe only  >>> cross-country data <<<  that is available on the procurement \u2018performance\u2019 of countries are international surveys. An example is the survey of perceptions of\n\n> the WTO Working Group on Transparency in Government Procurement Practices, at <u>http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/gproc_e/gproc_e.htm; the ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "cross-country data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of completion of the  >>> census and assets inventory <<<  of persons affected by the project. Persons occupying the project area after the cutoff date are not eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance. \n\n##### Displacement \n\nDisplacement is the impact that necessities resettlement of affected persons. Displacement could ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census and assets inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ications, guidance materials, capacity-building, strategic partnerships). \n\nIDAC\u2019s work shows what can be achieved when we leverage expertise and know-how at local, national, regional and international levels to improve  >>> migration data <<<  for children. \n\n> 3. See United Nations, Intergovernmental Conference to Adopt the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration, Draft outcome document of the Conference, President of the General Assembly, A/CONF.231/3, United Nations, New York, 30 July 2018, paragraph", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "migration data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ess to guide policy analysis, budget prioritization, work planning, performance, and DP dialogue.  M&E was also conducted through annual sector review performance reports and periodic survey data (e.g., UNHS 2005/06 and  >>> DHS 2006 <<< ).   The reliance on national surveys for implementation reflected weaknesses in the Government\u2019s M&E.  As noted in the Government\u2019s National Development Plan (NDP, 2010/11-2014/15), \u201cthe existing M&E strategies conceived to enhance governance and public service delivery have not", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS 2006", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**_Procurement of Second Hand Goods_** _as specified under paragraph 5.11_ of the Procurement Regulations \u2013 is allowed for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<<  _\u201cNot Applicable\u201d_ \n\n**_Domestic preference_** _as specified under paragraph 5.51_ of the Procurement Regulations **_(Goods and Works)_** shall apply for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables \n\n**Activities where Rated Criteria is applied** _as specified unde", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d issuers.<sup>14</sup> Private credit registries not only seek to expand their access to information from a variety of lenders, but they also dedicate significant resources to obtaining data from other sources, such as  >>> court records <<<  and diverse public databases, which may not otherwise be readily available.\n\nAnother important difference between public credit registries and private credit reporting firms is the distribution (or degree of transparency) of the data. PCRs frequently provide access to data only ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "court records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", and (ii) support the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) to improve surveys and data quality that will better link the inputs of PBS 2 to its results. The sub-program involves assessments of the quality and reliability of  >>> administrative and financial data <<< .   With this information, the sub-program can design and implement activities to strengthen data collection and reporting processes at all levels. This sub-program also provides targeted support to CSA to strengthen surveys and to expand its network connectivity to remote sites.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative and financial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- information (OECD, Eurostat, and WHO 2011). In line with convention, the analysis discussed in this work only considers current spending estimates.\n\n- 2) **Education** : The  >>> database of education expenditures <<<  used for this analysis was curated by members of the World Bank\u2019s Education Global Practice (Al-Samarrai, Cerdan-Infantes, and Lehe 2018). The data set combines estimates from the Unesco Institute of Statistics (UIS) (Unesco 2019) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), with ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of education expenditures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Composition of Official  >>> Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER) database <<< , both compiled by the IMF.<sup>1</sup> Our data sets on bilateral investment positions capture most of the aggregate IIP at the country level as commonly used in the literature (e.g., Lane and Milesi-Ferretti 2018). In particular, aggregating our bilateral positions across all c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER) database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\nThe country has various guidelines that enforce best practices, monitors, and enforces occupational health and safety regulations with regard to construction works. The guideline require that contractors must maintain  >>> accident register <<< s, provide workers with protective gear, and standards for construction sites and post warning signs visible to the public and workers awareness about requirements, use and knowledge for personal protective equipment. In line with this, the following Proclamations and guidelines ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "accident register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "was 6.0%, with a low estimate of 4.1% and a high estimate of 8.8% compared to 5.4% in 2002.<sup>22</sup> AIDS is the primary cause of adult deaths and is an important cause of infant mortality.<sup>23</sup> There are no  >>> HIV seroprevalence data <<<  for the IDP population. \n\n## <u>HIV/AIDS and IDP Situation:</u> \n\nIDPs are mentioned in the country\u2019s NSP 2002-06,<sup>24</sup> the World Bank\u2019s MAP 200206,<sup>25</sup> and the Great Lakes Initiative on AIDS (GLIA) project;<sup>14</sup> however, they do not contain specific act", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HIV seroprevalence data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s a substantial improvement over Version 5 of the GTAP dataset, which relates to policies in 1997. The new protection data come from a joint CEPII (Paris)/ITC (Geneva) project. The product of this joint effort, known as  >>> MAcMaps <<< , provides HS6 tariff level", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MAcMaps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "GY** \n\n### **2.1 Preparation of ESMF** \n\nThe preparation of the ESMF included the following stages: \n\n- Desktop and literature review of relevant project documents listed under Section 0; \n\n- Collection and Collation of  >>> baseline data <<<  on the environmental and social conditions of Uganda from existing studies; \n\n- Stakeholder Consultations, cutting across the country covering all the regions, including specific Refugee Hosting Districts and Settlements therein, Manufacturing Industries, selected SACCOs, etc; \n", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the corresponding author for this paper at vfoster@worldbank.org.\n\n> 2 Samantha Witte is a doctoral student in economics at Oxford University.\n\n> 3 2016 tariff and cost data were obtained from the 2018 iteration of the  >>> RISE project <<< .", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RISE project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Gallup World Poll 2020.<sup>17</sup> Overall, the correlation with our data is strong, assuring us that, at least in this vein, our sample is not unrepresentative. The  >>> WVS <<<  and Gallup World Poll have a lower coverage globally and include fewer countries in Sub-Saharan Africa than the Gender Equality at Home survey on Facebook.<sup>18</sup> The WVS also does not include measures of community norms. However, the Gallup World Poll 2020 data captures b", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "WVS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2 percent reported seeing women; 73 percent reported seeing Sindhis; 72 percent reported seeing Pashtuns; and 84 percent reported seeing Muhajirs.\n\n# **_3.2. Data_**\n\nThe data used in this study were collected through a  >>> computer-assisted survey <<<  conducted right after the participants were exposed to the VR intervention. The survey included questions about the park and the people seen in the VR experience, as well as demographic information about the participants.\n\nIn total, 2,010 respondents participated in the study by", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "computer-assisted survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Rossi-Hansberg 2015; Caliendo, Monte and Rossi-Hansberg 2017; Spanos 2016), Danish data (Friedrich 2016), Swedish data (Tag 2013), and  >>> Portuguese data <<<  (Caliendo, Mion, Opromolla and Rossi-Hansberg 2016). The only application for developing countries is Cruz, Bussolo, and Iacovone (2016), who study internal firm reorganization and export performance in Brazil. While Chile is at the low spectrum of developed countries, and it is", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Portuguese data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng the processes and mechanisms that constitute implementation failure during scale-up, and few studies have compared \u2018successful\u2019 and less successful implementation _within_ the same project.\n\nIn this study, we draw on  >>> qualitative data <<<  that cover four years (2011\u201315) in the life of one of the largest World Bank-assisted, anti-poverty projects in India. We observed the project at a unique juncture in its trajectory, when it was scaling-up from its first phase (covering 400,000 households) to its second phase (c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "qualitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*\n\nWe next turn to multivariate regression analysis to explore whether gender differences in the use of financial services shown in summary statistics are robust after controlling for\n\n> 14 For details on methodology of  >>> OECD GID-DB <<<  see http://genderindex.org/sites/default/files/GID_variables.pdf. 15 The OECD GID database contains a total of 12 indicators. However, the other variables", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "OECD GID-DB", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the strategies they use to address these shortages, and the way these skill deficits impact their operations.\n\nThe most important source of systematic information on the demand for skills in African companies comes from  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<<  fielded by the World Bank.<sup>3</sup> The Enterprise Survey contains information on firm characteristics and performance but only limited data on workforce skills; where it shines is in detailed assessments by firms\u2019 managers of different elements of the business environment, r", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sample, RCRE replaced lost villages by comparable villages in the same counties.  Households lost through attrition were replaced (at least in principle) on the basis of random sampling. For a detailed discussion of the  >>> RCRE panel data set <<< , including discussions of survey protocol, sampling, attrition", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RCRE panel data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "icators as agreed at preparation and to systematically track progress, making it difficult to truly assess the project contribution even with its limited duration of implementation.  The only exception was data from the  >>> Demographic and Health Survey <<<  of 2003. \n\nOverall, while the Task Team put a lot of effort and time (three years) after the MTR to resolve implementation bottlenecks and to restructure the project, little progress was made in resolving the problems. \n\nThe Bank\u2019s performance in ensuring quality of supervision ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and a few independent studies,  >>> fragmentary field data <<<  is available on the performance of grade cattle enterprises. \n\n4.20 The PCR suggests that milk yields of **250-350** imperial gallons per animal are normal and that gross cash returns per grade cow average **_Sh_ 900-1,000** after allowing for home consumption. Assuming a two co", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fragmentary field data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# Other data\n\nData on human capital are based on Barro and Lee (2001). Data on GDP per capita and population data are taken from the  >>> PWT <<<  and from the World Development Indicators. Data on legal origins are taken from La Porta et al. (1999).\n\n# 2.2.3 Regression results\n\nTables 1, 2, 3, 4 present our main general results from estimating equation 1 and using the Freedom House PR and CL indicators, the Polity2 measur", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PWT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "3 _Keywords_ : Lockdown policies, Indonesia, COVID-19, Sea cargo, Air cargo, Non-tariff Measures\n\n> \u2217The authors would like to thank Devaki Ghose and Csilla Lakatos for helpful comments, Bayu Agnimaruto for updating the  >>> Indonesia non-tariff measures data <<<  and Bradley Robert Larson for the COVID-19 data update. This paper has partially benefited from financial support from the Umbrella Facility for Trade trust fund, financed by the governments of the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The findings, in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Indonesia non-tariff measures data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Resettlement Specialist shall the following qualifications: \n\n- A degree in Sociology/Anthropology/Community/Rural Development or any social science discipline from a recognized university \n\n- Five years\u2019 experience in  >>> socio-economic surveys <<<  \n\n- Experience of at least three projects of similar scope and nature \n\n- Experience in the World Bank\u2019s social safeguard policies is an added advantage \n\n- The Social and Resettlement Specialist will be required to spend at least 75% of their time in the subproject sites to ens", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "thin each village, a short listing survey was given to every household. The short listing survey collected basic demographic information about the household (e.g. household size and age of the eldest household members),  >>> GPS data <<< , and determined whether or not the household contained a vulnerable member. A long listing survey was given to all village elites, all households with vulnerable members (including VG beneficiaries and eligible non-beneficiaries \u2013 38,871 households in total), and to a randomly s", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GPS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in total payroll. In this framework, the relative shares of each labor type are related to total output, the relative (shadow) wages of each labor type, and the technology used in the firm. Given the paucity of reliable  >>> wage data <<<  on the different skill groups,<sup>24</sup> we use a closely related specification in which skills demand is expressed in terms of skill shares of the total workforce. In its empirical implementation, skill shares are related to a set of control variables for firm size (a proxy ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "wage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "shall respect the wishes, choices, right and dignity of the complainant. \n\nIn the case of GBV/SEA survivors, if they choose not to be referred to the city GRM, the Grievance Focal Person must seek their consent to share  >>> basic monitoring data <<< . \n\nIn order for the survivor/complainant to consent to file a complaint, he/she needs to be provided with clear and simple information on the functioning of the system, on the possible outcomes, and what the timelines are, on what type of support can be provided, etc. to be able", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "basic monitoring data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or from customary and traditional law and usage, and so on. \n\n20. Resettlement assistance may consist of land, other assets, cash, employment, and so on, as appropriate. \n\n21. Normally, this cut-off date is the date the  >>> census <<<  begins. The cut-off date could also be the date the project area was delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> Annual Business Survey <<<  (provided by the ONS). Finally, data on firm control variables, age, multi\u2013 establishment status and foreign ownership are sourced from the UK business registry the annual Business Structure Database.\n\n> 22The E-commerce survey defines big data and big data analytics as the foll", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual Business Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ement Survey|\n|Papua New Guinea|2009|3776|Household Income and Expenditure Survey|\n|Sri Lanka|2012-2013|20335|Household Income and Expenditure Survey|\n|Tajikistan|2009|1488|Tajikistan Panel Survey|\n|Uzbekistan|2003|9419| >>> Household Budget Survey <<< |\n|Vietnam|2012|9306|Household Living Standard Survey|\n|Yemen, Republic of|2005-2006|12998|Household Budget Survey|\n|Azerbaijan|2005|4797|Household Budget Survey|\n|Georgia|2014|10959|Household Integrated Survey|\n|Moldova|2014|4836|Household Budget Survey|\n|Ukraine|2012|10394|Samp", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "es. \n\nCash assistance for refugees should link to national systems, such as existing social safety net programmes. However, there are challenges to this approach in countries with limited reach of civil registration and  >>> vital statistics systems <<< . \n\nThe importance of defining efficiency according to benefit it gives to PoC was highlighted. Measuring by this definition does come with costs, however.  These include the expense for NGOs in attending mandatory trainings, the risk of violence, transaction fees, etc. Civil soc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "vital statistics systems", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ight types of livestock: cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens and ducks in each land pixel at a spatial resolution of 1/12 degree degrees (approximately 10 sq km at the equator). Missing values in the  >>> crop production dataset <<<  are specifically distinguished", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "crop production dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(UNEP-WCMC), is described in UNEP-WCMC (2002). Date of access: April 28, 2021 [link]. [g] The  >>> Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project <<<  (ACLED) is described in Raleigh et al. (2010) [h] The precipitation data are produced by the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC) and described in Schneider et al. (2015). Date of access: April 28, 2021 [link].\n\n26", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " analysis of unmet needs over the last five years<sup>17</sup> indicate that approximately \n\n> 11 LCRP 2017-2020. \n\n> 12 UNHCR data, 2016. \n\n> 13 Hariri University Hospital data, 2017. \n\n> 14 LCRP 2017-2020. \n\n> 15  >>> MoPH data <<< , 2012-2015. \n\n> 16 Interview with Syndicate of Private Hospitals, Lebanon. March 2017. \n\n> 17 The analysis is based on a model that examined the change in patient proportions under the assumption that any change in patient proportions from one nationality comes at the expense of", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MoPH data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "at their role is to take care of refugees under their jurisdiction/ protection but not those outside the designated camp sites. \n\n- For more information, records and number of refugees, OPM referred us to check with the  >>> UNHCR data base <<< . \n\n- OPM also gave a list of some Civil Society Organizations (CSO\u2019s) and implementing partners working with refugees along the Koboko, Yumbe, Moyo road and these included among \n\n65", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f living at regular intervals so that the latest information is available at the time of their displacement. \n\n   - (b) Other studies describing the following \n\n      - (i) land tenure and transfer systems, including an  >>> inventory of common property natural resources <<<  from which people derive their livelihoods and sustenance, non-title-based usufruct systems (including fishing, grazing, or use of forest areas) governed by local recognized land allocation mechanisms, and any issues raised by different tenure systems in the project area; \n\n    ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory of common property natural resources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on such analysis._ While it uses Ugandan data as an example<sup>3</sup> , the objective of the paper is not analyzing recent trends in employment outcomes in Uganda or any other country. Rather, this paper is about why  >>> employment data from SSA countries <<<  are unreliable and what issues analysts face in using these data to try to identify employment outcomes and relate them to government policy or household behavior, for the purposes of diagnosing past problems or establishing a baseline to track progress.\n\nThe paper mainly relies", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "employment data from SSA countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oped for this purpose. The Mission discussed that plans for the inception phase, including shadowing the incumbent firm should be developed as soon as possible to ensure a smooth handover. \n\n39. **Impact evaluation.** A  >>> baseline survey for selected districts in the Programme <<<  was undertaken in 2007. A second panel survey was fielded to the same households in 2009. In 2011, a third round panel survey was undertaken that assessed progress towards the same indicators as previous evaluations", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey for selected districts in the Programme", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " three countries in the world (along with Eritrea and Djibouti) to retain a national telecom monopoly on all telecommunications services until the** **_Communication Services_** \n\n> 3 Latest available data is from the  >>> 2013 Labor Force Survey <<< . \n\n> 4 FAO. 2019. Ethiopia: National gender profile of agriculture and rural livelihoods. <u>http://www.fao.org/3/ca3224en/ca3224en.pdf</u> \n\n> 5 <mark>Buehren, Niklas; Gonzalez, Paula; Copley, Amy. 2019</mark> _<mark>. What Are the Economic Costs of Gender Gaps in Ethiopia? Gen", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2013 Labor Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u060c\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u061b (\u062c) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626 \u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b\u0623\u0644 .\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 **\u0627**  >>> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 <<<  \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644  \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \n\n\u2022 \n\n\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u060c\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 .14 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646.\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a **\u0627** \u0648 **\u0627** \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le because 16.5 percent of the households have negative agricultural incomes.\n\n'<sup>7</sup> Excluding the households with no land, the Gini coefficient of landownership is 0.532.\n\n**IsFor** an interesting effort to use  >>> cross-national data <<<  to examine the nature of the casual relationship\n\nbetween income and land in a sample of 28 developing countries, see Quan (1989).", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-national data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "reported portfolio information for each fund in any given year. For example, our sample of mutual fund holdings for 2005 contains  >>> portfolio data for the Fidelity Worldwide Fund <<<  as of October 2005 and portfolio data for the Scudder Global Fund as of December 2005. In sum, we collect end-of-year detailed information on portfolio holdings between 1991\n\n> 16 Funds that focus on both debt and equity are excluded from the analysis, even though they do invest", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "portfolio data for the Fidelity Worldwide Fund", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "participation which may also lead to errors.<sup>10</sup> All these measurement errors in the  >>> EORA GVC data <<<  may bias\n\n> 7The number of countries in our estimating sample is at most 121 due to missing data on determinants and to the exclusion of countries with problematic (negative) values for the GVC participation measures (Liberia, Moldova, Mauritius, South Sudan, Sudan, and Zimbabwe", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EORA GVC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gical capabilities.<sup>1</sup> Yet, as important as this sort of o\u00a4shoring is becoming in world trade, it pales in comparison to task trade between countries that are similar in terms of these characteristics. Although  >>> aggregate data <<<  on o\u00a4shoring from one developed country to others are di\u00a2 cult to come by, we do know that most trade in intermediate goods takes place between and among the advanced industrialized economies and that most value added generated by foreign subsidiaries of American multinational c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "aggregate data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n\u00a9 UNHCR / Andrew McConnell<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nSeveral civil society institutions have conducted  >>> surveys regarding national dialogue and attitudes in Ukraine <<< . They have published recommendations for state policy, including building consensus on future development, drafting state policy on national unity, prioritizing decentralization alongside reintegration of Crimea and Non-Government Controlled Areas of Donetsk and Luhansk, buildin", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys regarding national dialogue and attitudes in Ukraine", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " conditions (e.g., codebtor or guarantor requirements). This also points to weaknesses in Croatia\u2019s HBS that are thoroughly discussed in World Bank (2010). In particular, the original HBS sample was framed following the  >>> 2001 population census <<< , but consistency checks carried out in recent years using macro data point to an underestimation over time in incomes and consumption expenditures. As a result, household vulnerability in the financial margin threshold calculations would be biased upwards as subsistence consumpt", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001 population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". The material discussei here is summarized in Annexes VI, VII, and VIII. \n\n64. Portfolio. One of the Bank's original objectives was to induce AFC to re-orient its portfolio toward smaller producers. The difficulties in  >>> baseline data <<<  described above (paras. 17 and 27) meant that documentation of the portfolio at appraisal and even at effectiveness was not convincing. AFC has argued fairly consistently that it does service small-scale producers. It claims that lending to small producers has increased and to l", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of nightlight images, the DMSP satellite images. The approximate cell grid size of these images is 1 by 1 kilometer at the equator and the data provided are annual.\n\nThis paper utilizes a newer nightlight data set, the  >>> VIIRS Day/Night Band <<<  (DNB) provided by The Earth Observations Group (EOG) at NOAA/NCEI. The data are produced following the methodology of Elvidge, et al. (2017). These data are provided starting in April 2012 and go till the present, making the time series much shorter than the DMSP data which star", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "VIIRS Day/Night Band", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " cross section setup or for HS-6 digit products with no consistent trade throughout the sample period.\n\nTrade and tariff information originate from the World Bank World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). The World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development Indicators <<<  provides the data on endowments and GDP. Table 1 presents some summary statistics of the EU trade policies with respect to products from the UK, under the assumption of MFN ad valorem tariffs\n\n> 17 The error terms are mean-zero because we are estimating the average _ann_ for eac", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sted in the program.<sup>24</sup> Baseline data was collected for 14,880 (interested) individuals, and 12,692 fulfilled the eligibility criteria.\n\nAs explained above, and key to the integrity of the experimental design,  >>> baseline data <<<  was collected prior to assigning localities to the three treatment and control groups. The baseline questionnaire included simple variables on employment, assets, education, and household characteristics.\n\nThe second public lottery took place in March 2016. The list of the 5,116", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "agricultural activities, and informality among firms of 25 workers or more is rare (Assaad, AlSharawy, & Salemi, 2019). Given this universe, we use data sets from household surveys with a household enterprise module and  >>> establishment surveys <<<  or censuses that represent both formal and informal firms of all sizes.\n\nThe first data source we use is the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey (ELMPS) carried out by the Economic Research Forum in collaboration with Egypt\u2019s Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CA", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "establishment surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for the year ended June **30, 2017** which disclose the state of affairs of the Bureau. \n\n##### **Principal activities** \n\nThe Bureau is the principal agency of the Government for collecting, analysing and disseminating  >>> statistical data <<<  in Kenya and is the custodian of official statistical information. \n\n##### **Results** \n\nThe financial performance of the Bureau for the year ended June **30, 2017** are set out on page<sup>**28.**</sup> \n\n##### **Directors** \n\nThe members of the Board of Directors who served du", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u201d Irregularities could arise from three primary sources: (i) the provision or input of incomplete or inaccurate  >>> personal/household data <<<  at the point of targeting or application; (ii) any delay or leakage in payments to beneficiaries; and (iii) the failure to notify or act on a subsequent change in beneficiaries\u2019 circumstances. Various risk mitigation measures are proposed that aligned with disbursement-linked in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "personal/household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l management. \n\nThe following text looks at cross-cutting conclusions in terms of woreda-level environmental and social management capacity, distinguishing capacity in the larger regions from that in developing regions.  >>> Data for each woreda assessed <<<  are shown in Table 6. \n\n#### **_Woredas assessed in Large Regions_** \n\nCapacity assessment was undertaken in Dera Woreda in Amhara and Shebedino Woreda in SNNPR. \n\n#### **_Awarenes_ s** \n\nThere is a growing awareness among all stakeholders (officials, experts, and the public) ab", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data for each woreda assessed", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "trepresentatives</sup><sup>**(iTATU**</sup> ambassadors) from each university selected. Further, a WhatsApp<sup>grouphasbeensetup</sup> of iTATU student ambassadors to support<sup>thedisseminationof information.</sup> \n\n >>> Database of 120 students <<<  developed<sup>drawnfrom</sup><sup>**26**universities;</sup><sup>**10**challengesin</sup> different stages of development; Agreements<sup>withkeypartnersfor</sup><sup>**_5_**innovation</sup> challenges (including Demola) developed; Three **(3)** open innovation challenges designe", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Database of 120 students", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f adults over 45 years of age in these provinces. Gansu, in the Northwest is a relatively poor province and Zhejiang, on the coast south of Shanghai, is relatively affluent. CHARLS follows the model of the HRS, ELSA and  >>> KLoSA <<<  in the US, UK and Korea, and enumerates information on respondent and spouse socio-economic status, health conditions, work and employment, incomes and pensions, and also includes household and community level information. In the pilot sample used in the analysis below, there ar", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KLoSA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g firm and detailed information about the transaction. We supplement these data with data on 631 firms that were listed on the Korea Stock Exchange in 1998.6 The firm-level financial data for 1997 are primarily from the  >>> Worldscope database <<< . The Worldscope database covers publicly traded companies in 51 countries. Foreign investment is from the Handbook of Listed Companies, Daewoo Securities (1998 and 1999). In cases where the Worldscope data were missing or incomplete, we collected additional company information f", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Worldscope database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cial assistance requires policy makers to gain a good understanding of poverty in order to identify the poor and the geographic areas where an intervention would help most. This requires periodic data collection through  >>> household surveys <<< . In addition, panel surveys are especially helpful for identifying the chronic poor. By shedding light on poverty dynamics and identifying vulnerable, yet non\u2010poor, populations, they also help design social insurance systems that complement the growth and investment components o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "enship on 12 December 2020 and a further 1,649 were recognized as Kenyan citizens and issued with registration certificates on 29 July 2021. \n\n### \u25ba **Box 1: Data Sources** \n\nThe primary data for this report come from a  >>> comprehensive 2024 socioeconomic survey <<<  conducted by UNHCR which recontacted households which were initially surveyed in 2019, prior to the Shona acquiring nationality. The follow-up survey aimed to capture the transformative impact of citizenship on the Shona community in terms of employment, education, income, and a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "comprehensive 2024 socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the  >>> 2005 RDHS <<< , each of Rwanda\u2019s twelve provinces was divided into an urban and a rural stratum, resulting in 23 strata (the province of Kigali City only consists of urban areas). In a first stage, primary sampling units were drawn from a listing of enumeration areas prepared for the 2002 Cens", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2005 RDHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " experts were appointed **--** an economist and social demographer **--** through **UK** and **UNDP** assistance. With this team, the unit was inadequately qualified for the task and focussed its attention on assembling  >>> educational statistics <<<  and preparing projections of enrollments, monitoring the achievement of Second Project targets, assisting with the **1974-78** plan, assisting in the preparation of the Third Education Project and similar tasks (PCR, para. 2.34). On the whole, the preparation of this project ite", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "educational statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rategies to improve learning. \n\n182. **This concern is reflected in the PAE.** The PAE acknowledges the importance of OTI results to better analyze the quality of learning, while also underscoring the limitations of the  >>> statistical yearbook <<<  to provide detailed information on OTI results (the information remains rather general). The PAE explains what has been started to correct this but also, more importantly, what remains to", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistical yearbook", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of social programs may lead to bias due to measurement error, as documented in the literature.** Survey data capturing social benefits, such as the  >>> SILC data <<< , often undergo harmonization processes. Still, it may exhibit bias because lower-income households tend to underreport the benefits they receive. This underreporting is typically attributed to difficulties in recalling specific benefit details or a reluctance to disclose such in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SILC data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gible to respond to the individual\u2010level module on employment, and we consider all labor force participants to estimate the returns to education.\n\n> 14 This is the approach followed by standard surveys like for instance  >>> Household Budget Surveys <<<  (HBS), Household Income/Consumption Expenditure Surveys (HICES) and Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaires (CWIQ) among others.\n\n> 15 See Grosh, and Glewwe (2000)\n\n> 16 Interviewing only self\u2010respondents may require many re\u2010visits, which can be costly.   Response by proxy rather ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Budget Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d accumulate if there is perfect compliance; and (iii) _Total Payments_ , which indicates the total amount of installments that a household received since they were enrolled into the program. This information comes from  >>> administrative records <<<  from the program. Treatment is a dummy variable that identifies if the observation belongs to one of the 320 original Progresa RCT treatment localities. Controls include (from ENCASEH 1997): HH head age, education, speaking a dialect, HH size, % members under 15, dummies for hom", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd community; a few complicated cases that required input from top-level stakeholders at the MWE or NWSC were also concluded harmoniously. All grievances arising from the communities and workforces had to be recorded in  >>> complaints registers <<< , and all actions taken relating to the grievance were documented. In all project sites, suggestion boxes were provided for workers. The issues expressed in these suggestion boxes were mainly handled by the contractors.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "complaints registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " The data was collected from a short survey that was only based on the \u2015main\u2016 child who was being covered in the school assessments and not for other siblings or other components of household spending.\n\n> 30 We obtained  >>> spending data <<<  from a total of 8,612 households for Y0 (no data was collected for retrospective spending on children in grade 1, because it was their first year in school), 13,572 households for Y1, and 10,189 households for Y2.\n\n20", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "spending data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on this project. We received invaluable comments from Rabia Ali, Tanida Arayavechkit, Kristen Himelein, Aaditya Mattoo, Ambar Narayan, Emilie Perge, Ririn Salwa Purnamasari, Matthew Wai-Poi, and Judy Yang. We thank the  >>> country survey <<<  teams for providing us access to the datasets and providing feedback on the analysis.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "viii) verifying claims from hospitals, schools, and PHCs and authorizing payments; (ix) managing the outreach campaign; (x) managing the  >>> e- card food voucher beneficiaries list <<< , delivery of the e-cards to beneficiaries, and follow up; and (xi) monitoring of the program (specifically inputs and outputs). \n\n- The NPTP CMU in the PCM is responsible for the following: (i) managing the central database; (ii) validating data and cross-checking with national ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "e- card food voucher beneficiaries list", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".1 Data**\n\nOur data come from several sources: pre- and post-intervention surveys of individuals and households in PAL villages, student-level ENLACE test scores, student surveys from a subset of ENLACE test takers, and  >>> school-level data collected by the SEP <<< .\n\nIn each of the experimental PAL villages, approximately 33 households were selected to be surveyed pre- and post-intervention. The pre-intervention survey was administered in the last quarter of 2003 and the first quarter of 2004, and the post-intervention follow-up survey was", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "school-level data collected by the SEP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Development Learning (UDLC), and (vii) Madagascar Development Learning Center (MDLC) used the center for some of their learning programs.  In addition to the above, the China Development Assistance Committee, the \n\n> 1  >>> Data provided by Kenya DLC <<< . \n\n8", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data provided by Kenya DLC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sue, but it has its own limitations (in particular, it focuses on banks only, and does not correct for the fact that some bank clients have numerous accounts).\n\nMuch of the data for the financial access dimension of the  >>> Global Financial Development Database <<<  came from the IMF\u2018s recently established Access to Finance database, which is based on earlier work by Beck, Demirg\u00fc\u00e7-Kunt and Martinez Peria (2007). A portion of the financial access data is from the newly constructed the _Global Financial Inclusion Indicators_ , or \u2015Global Fin", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Global Financial Development Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vailable in sociological, legal, and anthropological studies and in databases summarizing the institutional and legal structures that inform gender-based equity. See for example the Social Institutions and Gender Index,  >>> Afrobarometer <<< , the World Values Survey, and the Women, Business and the Law databases.\n\n> 22. In those countries where same sex marriages or consensual unions are recognized and such data exist, the types could also be male/male and female/female. Consensual unions also include polygamous str", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Afrobarometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " across the national statistical system; \n\n- iii. Collecting, compiling, analyzing, abstracting and disseminating statistical information on the matters specified in the First Schedule of the Act; \n\n- iv. Conducting the  >>> Population and Housing Census <<<  every ten years, and such other censuses and surveys; \n\n- v. Maintaining a comprehensive and reliable national socio-economic database. \n\n- vi. Developing and maintaining sampling frames; \n\n- vii.Collaborating with and assisting the county governments or any other institutions i", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vertheless, the good results to date are testament to the interest and commitment of Ugandan stakeholders and their belief that better natural capital information is critical for Uganda\u2019s future development. \n\n26. The ** >>> forest accounts <<< ** are the second in the series of accounts developed under the NCA program with Bank support. They represent a combination of forest assets, the forested land and stock of forest resources, and the supply and use tables for wood and non-wood forest products. The accounts were co", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "forest accounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "les of this committee include: \n\n- a. Serve as the first point of grievance redress for project-affected community members. \n\n- b. Receive, register, categorize, and document grievances, ensuring accurate records in the  >>> project GRM database <<< . \n\n- c. Conduct initial assessment and deliberation to resolve grievances at the community level, aiming for mutually acceptable solutions. \n\n- d. Provide feedback to complainants on outcomes of grievance resolution. \n\n- e. Escalate unresolved or complex grievances to the County", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "project GRM database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er has provided empirical evidence and guidance in the selection of optimal structures for providing road services. A companion paper examines the same issues econometrically with a larger data set (cross-country panel,  >>> time series <<< , and state and local data) and qualifies some of the findings in this paper (see Humplick and MoiniAraghi, 1996).\n\n33", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "time series", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " although considerable discrepancies existed in national primary school completion rates and the enrollment rates of many districts, and Government policy documents and the SAR cited girls' education as a priority. Many  >>> monitoring indicators <<<  were vague and incomplete, and, in the case of resource mobilization and allocation, nonexistent. \n\n### **4. Achievement of Objective and Outputs** \n\n##### _4.1 Outcome/achievement of objective:_ \n\nThe achievement of project objectives is rated **satisfactory.** \n\nSeveral events", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s promptly; watershed governance at scale via national watershed coding, cloud-based NDVI analysis, and progress toward a single national watershed database; and inclusive tenure through widespread SLLCs and operational  >>> NRLAIS registries <<<  that incentivize household and community SLM investments.</mark> \n\nOverall, the anticipated E&S impacts are expected to be minimal; however, some individuals may be affected due to the loss of assets, including the partial use of the communal land, as well as potential risks to ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NRLAIS registries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l key insights. The first is that systematic links exist between country wealth and most indicators of educational\n\n> 'For a discussion of similar questions from the perspective of a production-demand framework based on  >>> data from 1960 to 1980 <<<  see Schultz, T.P. 1988 \"Expansion of public school expenditures and enrollments: inter-country evidence on the effects of income, prices, and population growth,\" Economics of Education Review 7", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from 1960 to 1980", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "paration of the menus and weighed the ingredients as meals were prepared, minimizing potential measurement errors. To the best of the authors\u2019 knowledge, there is no comparable restaurant study in the developing world.\n\n >>> ENAHO <<< , a continuous multi-topic household survey, is the main source of information on the measurement and the monitoring of the living standards of the Peruvian population. Among the wealth of individual information, the survey also collects detailed information on the food consumed ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENAHO", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "car (2016), Mozambique (2014), Nigeria (2013), Niger (2017), Sierra Leone (2018), Tanzania (2016), Togo (2014), and Uganda (2013), with number of facilities reported in column 4. The malaria vignette was not used in the  >>> Kenya (2018) survey <<< .\n\n30", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya (2018) survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s follows. Section 2 describes the survey and earth observation data. Section 3 presents the empirical methodology. Section 4 discusses the results and section 5 concludes.\n\n# **2. Data**\n\n# **2.1. Survey data**\n\nWe use  >>> nationally representative, multi-topic household survey data <<<  collected in Malawi and Ethiopia by the respective national statistical offices over the period of 2018-2020 with support from the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA) initiative. The key variables that drive each survey\u2019s sa", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationally representative, multi-topic household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an unfolding pandemic was a daunting task and marred by several challenges. For example, targeting of social protection programs and beneficiaries during a pandemic was difficult, especially in the African context where  >>> population registers <<<  and administrative data are rarely available. Social protection programs in Africa are characterized by their rural focus and limited size of transfers (e.g., Beegle et al., 2018). Thus, identifying the role of social protection policies and lessons learned in delivering social ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Annexe E: Notes de fin** \n\n20 Toutes les donn\u00e9es sur les reports sont tir\u00e9es du  >>> FTS <<<  du 20 mars 2013. \n\n21 Cet aspect est discut\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9e dans la section 2.4. La conclusion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale selon laquelle les donateurs ne d\u00e9cident pas souvent consciemment d\u2019allouer leurs fonds \u00e0 tel ou tel secteur est confirm\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00e9tude r\u00e9cente men\u00e9e par Good Humani", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FTS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "acturing, at 14.9%, whereas shares in Asian cities rise well in excess of 30%.<sup>4</sup>\n\n> 2 Jones (2016).  Manufacturing shares are predicted values from a quadratic function fitted to the cross section data.\n\n> 3 -  >>> Integrated Public Use Microdata Series <<<  (iPums) available for download at: https://usa.ipums.org/usa <u>action/variables/group</u>\n\n> 4 Ethiopian data dates from 1994; recent manufacturing investments suggest that it could now exceed this.\n\n3", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Integrated Public Use Microdata Series", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "surveys, DHS does not collect information on HHs\u2019 income, consumption, or expenditure. The welfare variable that DHS provides is aggregated based on the various assets that HHs own (Rutstein 2015).<sup>9</sup>\n\n## 3.2.3  >>> Prindex <<< \n\nWe also draw on Prindex data which offers comparable data on perceived tenure security \u2013 a variable usually unavailable in most multi-purpose surveys. Prindex is a joint initiative of the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) and Global Land Alliance (GLA), carrying out national", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Prindex", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in times when households face the greatest crises, that gender differentials in outcomes are most likely to open up [Duflo 2012]. There is a long established literature from across disciplines discussing the issue using  >>> observational data <<<  [Goldin and Katz 2002, Doepke _et al._ 2012,", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "observational data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ping world use replacements for non\u2010 response due to refusals or out of sample selections. This is done either through selecting additional households from the PSU listing exercise, as is recommended in the World Bank\u2019s  >>> Living Standards Measurement Study <<<  (Grosh and Munoz, 1996), or selecting a neighboring structure based on field protocols, such as selecting the dwelling immediately to the right (Lowther et al, 2009). While replacements for out of sample selections with new random points does not introduce bias, it is inefficien", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Living Standards Measurement Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tes, and extends previous efforts, in particular the data collected for the \u2015Database on Financial Development and Structure\u2016 by Beck, Demirg\u00fc\u00e7-Kunt, and Levine (2000, 2010). The database also incorporates data from the  >>> Financial Access Survey <<<  (http://fas.imf.org), the Global Findex (www.worldbank.org/globalfindex) and Financial Soundness Indicators <u>(http://fsi.imf.org). Appendix I provides a further description of the data sources.</u>", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Financial Access Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nsidering trade links between AEs and EMs is less prevalent. Trade in value added allows incorporating the specificity of the new business model on which global manufacturing is based. Due to limited country coverage of  >>> value-added trade data <<<  we are however unable to use such data in our analysis.\n\n3 See for example \u00d6sterholm et al. (2007) and Utlaut et al. (2010) for", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "value-added trade data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oluntary councils, out a possible total of 17. The mean percentage is 35 and the standard deviation is 21.\n\n# _Participatory Budgeting (PB), Years PB has been in place_\n\nWe updated Boulding and Wampler\u2019s (2008) original  >>> database of PB for all Brazilian municipalities <<<  with at least 100,000 residents (N = 253). Our information on the adoption of PB programs comes from similar sources as theirs: surveys of Brazilian officials, a non-governmental organization\u2019s records, and secondary sources for the 1989\u20132016 period (Spada et al. 2016; Wampler a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database of PB for all Brazilian municipalities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ogical research (Mathieu et al. 2021). The dataset is publicly available through the Our World in Data GitHub repository.<sup>4</sup> We additionally access a second source of administrative data stemming from the WHO\u2019s  >>> COVID19 vaccination dashboard <<<  (WHO", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "COVID19 vaccination dashboard", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lagging municipal entities. The USMID APA system was assessed by the Government to be robust with independent assessments, quality, and accuracy. \n\n47. **Annual beneficiary satisfaction surveys** . The Program conducted  >>> beneficiary satisfaction assessment surveys <<<  during its implementation to establish whether the beneficiaries are satisfied with the services/projects provided. \n\n48. **VfM audits.** The OAG conducts annual VfM audits on institutional and structural improvements. The results from the VfM audits influence the disbursements ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "beneficiary satisfaction assessment surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ns|\uf0b7<br>\uf0b7<br>\uf0b7<br>\uf0b7<br>\uf0b7|Cross border flight, becoming an<br>asylum-seeker or refugee<br>Return<br>Settlement elsewhere in the country<br>Local integration<br>Administrative corrections|\n\n_Source_ : UNHCR Global Trends,  >>> IDMC Forced Displacement Data Model <<< ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IDMC Forced Displacement Data Model", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the ESMP and non-compliance and corrective action are documented; \n\n- Appropriate environmental training of personnel is undertaken; \n\n- Emergency procedures are in place and effectively communicated to personnel; \n\n- A  >>> register of major incidents <<<  (spills, injuries, complaints) is in place and other", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "register of major incidents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s, a problem which has only recently been addressed. Without such reports, particularly regarding reliable information about disease incidence, it is difficult to evaluate the impact of this component. Some nine hundred  >>> sera samples <<<  collected from various districts for rind", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sera samples", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sibility for coordination of all Project components and activities. In addition, their capacity was strengthened in the areas of procurement, financial management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and reporting based on  >>> M&E data <<< . The M&E has been improved through the establishment of the initial BTVET MIS. \n\n66. **Sector Skills Councils** . As indicated, SSCs have been institutionalized and going forward will be funded under the proposed TVET Council. The project supported SSC members are now able to co", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "M&E data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " events. The district hospitals and Health Centers in the cluster districts will set up databases on incidence of pesticide poisoning, effect of pesticides on human health and environmental contamination. Currently, the  >>> data on pesticide poisoning and accidents <<<  resulting from pesticides use or disposal must be fragmented and still remains in the various newspapers that have reported such cases, and various hospital cases. There is the need to create awareness raising actions that will target the different pesticide users in order to av", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on pesticide poisoning and accidents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 2013 using the CPI published in the World Bank World Development Indicators database (March, 2015). \n\n2. The terms case and household as well as principal applicant and household head are used interchangeably. However,  >>> data for Jordan <<<  refer to case and principal applicant while data for Lebanon refer to household and household head. \n\n3. These differences could also stem from the fact that ages are taken from LB-VASyR and LB-Verif data in the case of Lebanon while PG data were used in the case of Jordan. \n\n4.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for Jordan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "c relationship with the household. Most important for migration studies, non-resident children who still have a rural _Hukou_ and pool earnings with the household are counted as household members. Some surveys, like the  >>> China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey <<<  (CHARLS), and the NBS surveys starting in 2013, use residence in the household for six months of the year as the criterion for household membership.\n\nWhen different criteria are applied to identify migrants, one finds different estimates related to migration. Even different wave", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ective tax rates (as savings are not taxed) and decreases the progressivity of all tax scenarios if saving rates increase with income.<sup>31</sup> The distribution of savings across income levels is hard to obtain from  >>> expenditure surveys <<< , especially in developing countries where income is hard to measure. To assess how savings could affect our results, we use data from the US Consumer Finance Survey, in which savings rates range from 0% for the poorest households to 15% for the richest quintile.<sup>32</sup> Res", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "expenditure surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "surveys (HCES\u2019s) to measure the quantity and quality of foods consumed (e.g., Wiesmann et al. 2009; etc.). However, estimates from HCES\u2019s are subject to a substantial amount of measurement\n\n> 7For example, one method is  >>> observed-weighed food record data <<< . See Gibson (2005) for details.\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "observed-weighed food record data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "zation or deputy heads of organization. `Manager' refers to managers within the organization.  Grade is the official civil service grade of the professional civil servant, ranging from 1 to 17 in the sample. The 2013-14  >>> National Civil Service Human Resource Statistics Abstract <<<  (Ministry of Civil Service", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Civil Service Human Resource Statistics Abstract", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is to fill the gaps in agricultural data through close collaboration with the national statistical offices (NSOs) of partner countries. The program is based on the implementation of multitopic, nationally-representative  >>> household longitudinal surveys <<<  and, to date, has been carried out in eight Sub-Saharan African countries, namely Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Malawi, Niger, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda.\n\nLSMS-ISA survey panels are administered approximately every 1 to 3 years. In the LSMS-ISA program, not only original hou", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household longitudinal surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Noise pollution is an irritant and affects human health and efficiency. This will therefore be required to be considered in urban areas and other residential areas falling within 100 in of the road. \n\n6.2.7.3. With the  >>> available data <<< , it is not possible to predict noise levels for a given set of road and traffic conditions, However, it may be judged subjectively that a road with lower traffic, lower volume/capacity ratio and smoother surfacing will develop lower noise levels than the one otherwise. Where hig", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "available data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lation results covering questions 3 and 4. Section 5 concludes by offering some discussion of the overall performance and potential future applications.\n\n# **1. Literature Review**\n\nThe most common method for collecting  >>> household data <<<  in Sub\u2010Saharan Africa is to use a stratified two\u2010 stage sample, with census enumeration areas selected proportional to size in the first stage and a set number of households selected with simple random sampling in the second stage (Grosh and Munoz, 1996). Since administrative re", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "average distribution losses over a three-month period at a representative feeder within JVVNL\u2019s network to be 9.2%. This is lower than the 13.4% average marginal losses calculated using our methodology.\n\n> 25  >>> CO2 baseline database <<<  for the Indian power sector produced by the Central Electricity Authority (Version 14), available at: <u>http://www.cea.nic.in/tpeandce.html.</u>\n\n> 26 Because we are using high-frequency plant-wise data, the carbon cost of emission in our calculation for each 15-minute interval", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CO2 baseline database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to assess the need for Taita Taveta and<br>was long-delayed. The earlier draft of the study was<br>based on 1979 census data so undermining the<br>timeliness of its recommendation. The final version<br>was revised using  >>> 1989 data <<<  but was not transmitted to<br>the Bank until February 1994. At that time, the<br>construction of Taita Taveta has already started.|\n\n\n\nTable", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "1989 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rinted materials that the staff handed to the auditor, consisting of either brochures about the product or, less frequently, personalized amortization tables when credit was requested. The third data source comes from a  >>> survey of a sample of credit officers <<<  that serviced the auditors. The survey was conducted in Peru and Ghana after the audit study was completed and asked about basic socio-economic characteristics, financial literacy, the marketing of financial products and bonus schemes offered by their employers. The fourth and f", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of a sample of credit officers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "C had been using numerous rapid and long-term data collection methods in the District employing a variety of techniques. Methods were focused on the collection of population data, water and sanitation coverage and basic  >>> epidemiological data <<< . Technologies employed for rapid techniques were generally simple. However, long-term data collection methods involved GPS \n\ndevices and GIS software aimed at developing decisionmaking tools for the District offices. \n\nAs a result of the meetings, it was recommended by all parti", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "epidemiological data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stening to the Citizens of Uzbekistan (L2CU) study conducted by the World Bank together with the Development Strategy Center of Uzbekistan and other partners. The study collected information in four distinct modes:\n\n- A  >>> comprehensive national survey <<<  conducted in-person with a representative sample of 4,010 households. Recipients of social protection benefits were oversampled using registration data maintained at the mahalla level, and sampling weights were adjusted for the inclusion of these households in the baseline resul", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "comprehensive national survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "country descriptions of how the value and mix of assets owned by households evolve over the life cycle. An obvious reason is data scarcity. Such a description requires comprehensive data on household assets, but typical  >>> representative household surveys <<<  only ask about durable ownership and housing characteristics. Second, controlling for time and cohort effects requires repeated cross-sections spanning large periods of time, which are rarely available in low-income settings.\n\nHere we are able to use detailed data from Pakistan ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "representative household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th Asian countries, in the spirit of the Egyptian Labor Market Survey (Wahba 2015). In addition, dedicated migrant surveys that collect detailed retrospective information on employment and migration history, such as the  >>> World Bank Bangladesh Return Migrant Survey <<<  (BRMS), are well-suited for that purpose, but remain quite scarce globally (Bossavie, Gorlach, et al. 2021; Bossavie and Ozden 2022).\n\n19", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Bangladesh Return Migrant Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(Kashiwagi et al. 2021), estimates based on national accounts fail to provide a breakout of the cost by geographic areas, which is critically important to target support. Importantly, waiting for the release of reliable  >>> national account data <<<  may not be practical when quick estimates are needed to guide assistance and reconstruction efforts on the ground.\n\nRapid field surveys like those conducted in the context of PDNAs address some of these concerns. Field surveys typically focus on the geographic areas most affecte", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national account data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Brazil and Indonesia; DIOC-E 2000/01 and 2015  >>> UN Population Division International Migrant Stock estimate <<<  for Russia and India; 2015 UN Population Division International Migrant Stock estimate and Artuc et al. (2015) for Saudi Arabia. No data on immigrants by educational attainment is available for China, so this country is not included. \n\nSource : OECD (2019 forthcoming) \n\n**_Almos", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UN Population Division International Migrant Stock estimate", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Feenstra et al. (2015), and data on leaders are taken from the  >>> Archigos 4.1 data set <<<  (described in Goemans et al. 2009).<sup>29</sup> We categorize countries as\n\n> 26 Another potential interpretation is that the turbulence of the leader transitions causes lower growth.\n\n27 That is, the probability of a leader change in year is 1/6 -0.5*growth (recall the growth ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Archigos 4.1 data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " as USD per ton of CO2 (USD/t). As indicated by the subscript , carbon taxes are time-variant. The distinction kk tt \u03c4\u03c4 SS\n\n> 12 All data used in this model can be traced to the original data through the Excel workbook \u201c >>> Pakistan energy and emission data <<< .xlsx\u201d.\n\n> 13 The Pakistani government provides detailed data on renewable energy prices in the \u201cIndicative Generation Capacity Expansion Plan\u201d. We are planning to update the model with these data.\n\n23", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Pakistan energy and emission data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s segmentation is computed as the share of male employees in total employment. A shortcoming of this measure, however, is that we need information on the gender of the owner, which, unfortunately, is unavailable for the  >>> organized manufacturing surveys <<< .\n\nIn an alternative setting, we view gender segmentation through the perspective of an average employee. For an average employee, we compute the share of people that this employee works with who are of his/her gender. For example, for an average female worker, we measure segment", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "organized manufacturing surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "as as direc\u00e7\u00f5es fazem parte do Minist\u00e9rio da Justi\u00e7a e dos Direitos Humanos. \n\nOs longos anos de conflito p\u00f3s-independ\u00eancia levaram ao colapso da administra\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado em vastas \u00e1reas de Angola e destru\u00edram muitos dos  >>> arquivos do registo civil <<< . Com o regresso \u00e0 paz, Angola reiniciou a normaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da vida econ\u00f3mica e social e a reorganiza\u00e7\u00e3o da administra\u00e7\u00e3o estatal. Os servi\u00e7os de registo come\u00e7aram a reabrir nos munic\u00edpios a partir de 2007.<sup>91</sup> O 3\u00ba dos \u201c11 Compromissos com a Crian\u00e7a\u201d adoptados em Junho de 2", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "arquivos do registo civil", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " **1.4.1.1. Desk Review** \n\nThe documents reviewed include ETLP RPF, ESIA, national and regional legal frameworks and other relevant World Bank documents. \n\n#### **1.4.1.2. A Household Census/Socio-Economic Survey** \n\nA  >>> household census <<< , engaging fifty-one (51) affected households was conducted to capture their profiles such as age, sex, education level, income level and household size. Moreover, the survey questionnaire had intended toassess the affected household member\u201fs vulnerability and special interventio", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er, unfortunately, we do not have data on historical malaria prevalence at the appropriate level of disaggregation (i.e., at DSD level); the available data are at the district level (average over the years 1937-41). The  >>> district level malaria data <<<  are not suitable for identi...cation of the e\u00a4ects of LDO restrictions at the DSD level for at least two reasons. First, the district level data do not provide us with enough variations for identi...cation of the LDO restrictions at the DSD level, as there are 243 DSDs in our da", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "district level malaria data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "opmentof industry,</sup> is consistent with these goals. With similar objectives in mind, the Bank<sup>agreed</sup> with the Government on a pro->an for expanding<sup>theBank'stechnical assistancein</sup> agriculture, A  >>> rural sector survey <<<  was<sup>mounted inKenya near theend of1972.We</sup> have offered an expanded program of<sup>assistance in project identification through</sup> the Regional Mission in Eastern Africa,<sup>and have providedasenioragricultural</sup> advisor to assist the Government in charting", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "rural sector survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s  >>> Database for Foreigners <<<  and the registration process.</mark> \n\n<mark>Both agencies are also encouraged to work towards allowing more flexibility in the requirements for official documents to register, notably by allowing IDPs and returnees to rapidly obtain their identity and civil documentation, as we", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Database for Foreigners", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he SPAM model (You, Wood, et al., 2014) is a result of several gridded modeled datasets including rural population density from Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP) Alpha version (Balk et al., 2006). Likewise, the  >>> Gridded Livestock of the World <<<  v2.0 includes rural population density in 2006 (GRUMP) along with other predictors such as precipitation (Hijmans et al., 2005) and a\n\n> 17For a discussion on climate yield factors see Block et al. (2008).\n\n> 18This also includes cases where administrative units at the same leve", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Gridded Livestock of the World", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "difference between  >>> weighted Internet survey data <<<  and the reference survey. Propensity score adjustment seems to work better than post-stratification in settings where they have been compared directly, but other <mark>studies show that the choice of adjustment variables is more important than any reweighting method for the accu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "weighted Internet survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al to the development of sound policy. Despite the importance of the agricultural sector in reducing poverty and food insecurity (Chen and Ravallion 2007; Irz et al. 2001; Ligon and Sadoulet 2007), serious weaknesses in  >>> agricultural statistics <<<  persist.<sup>2</sup> In this study, we examine one aspect, measures of family farm labor.\n\nTo assess the degree of recall bias in household farm labor, we conducted a survey experiment in Mara Region, Tanzania, over the long rainy season, January\u2013June 2014. Smallholder farming h", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "agricultural statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orld Bank, Service Delivery Indicators Trust Fund (funded in large part by the\n\nHewlett Foundation).\n\n# **Acknowledgments**\n\nWe are grateful to the many researchers, survey experts and enumerators who have worked on the  >>> country surveys <<<  that made this cross-country paper possible and are especially grateful for the contributions th <mark>e African Economic Research Consortium.</mark> We are grateful to the World Bank, and in particular the Service Delivery Indicators Trust Fund (funded in large part 19", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "country surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he two measures (which we shall be using in our regressions) is virtually zero however.\n\n> 25 It will be noticed that we do not use Gini coefficient here (although we would have linked, for a more direct comparison with  >>> OWW dataset <<<  to do so). The reason is that UTIP  database does not provide individual mean industrial wages which would allow us to calculate different inequality measures. The authors only provide the \u201cfinished\u201d statistic, that is the Theil index, and not the underlying data. This is not th", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OWW dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the vulnerable and non-vulnerable status. These choices are mainly driven by data availability and by the type of society targeted in the study\u2014for instance, whether there are panel data or  >>> crosscountry data <<< , or whether the society is rural, developed, or undeveloped. \n\nAs a vulnerability indicator we consider household expenditure per capita. The main reasons for selecting this indicator is that expenditure has the advantage of incorporating information about a household\u2019s ability ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "crosscountry data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " In addition, the project will support the review of impediments to the growth of the leasing industry, including tax laws on leasing. \n\n**_Component 5: Strengthening Debt Management and Debt Markets._** The updating of  >>> Government debt databases <<<  is handled by the individual entities in Ministry of Finance and CBK responsible for parts of debt management and there is no coordination or consolidation of data. There is also no debt management strategy function within Ministry of Finance and therefore there is need for crea", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Government debt databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in rural areas or northern regions where poverty is the highest, including more frequent data production, and (b) downstream with more in-depth analysis. Also, the system of labor statistics is weak. On the supply side,  >>> labor force surveys <<<  (LFSs) are irregular and not frequent enough. On the demand side, the annual enterprises survey does not emphasize employment issues, the informal sector survey is as irregular as the LFS, and there is no annual agricultural survey. Finally, line ministries could benefit from IN", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "labor force surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "anslated<sup>usingexchange rates applicableat year-end.</sup> \n\n- **3.5.2.5** Non-current assets \n\nIn accordance with lender's requirements,<sup>purchaseoffixedassetsisexpensedonacquisition.TheProject</sup> maintains an  >>> asset register <<<  that tracks all project fixed<sup>assets.</sup> \n\n- **3.5.2.6** Currency \n\nThe financial statements are presented in Ethiopian Birr **(** ETB). \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\noers<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n- **3.5.2.7** Foreign Exchange Gain (Loss) \n\nForeign Exchange ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "all landholdings and with large holdings are apparent in the data produced hy AFC since 1982, so the credit line cannot be said to have produced mny noticeable shift in the composition of AFC's borrowers. Annex VI gives  >>> data on borrowers by holVing size <<<  over the period of the Project. More recent data (1987/88) on the profile of new borrowero indicetes that in many areas up to 702 of loans are now reaching producers with 8 ha. or less, which would indicate that tbe shift to smaller borrowers is occurring. \n\n53. Both the Bank an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on borrowers by holVing size", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0629.\u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \n\n- \u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628 \u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06452014 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u06452007.\u0627\u0644\u064010 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647.\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646300,000\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a .\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a  >>> \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 <<<  \n\n- . \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u06452011 \u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629\u0625\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u06451954\u0648\u0627\u0623\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntity, total, family, and hired labor person-days, organic and inorganic fertilizer quantity applied (Leys et al., 2013).\n\n# Determining recall length\n\nThe length of the recall period cannot be determined exactly in the  >>> survey data <<<  for two reasons. On the hand, we do not observe directly when farmers engage in the activities of interest (planting, fertilizing, working, harvesting, etc.). Instead, some information about the timing of the activities can be retrieved from farmer-reported dates and the croppin", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctory (S).** \n\n**PA15** was needed to overcome constraints on the ability of county governments to meet their increased obligations under devolved responsibilities and on land taxation due to the absence of standardized  >>> land value information <<<  (PD2, para. 64 and 71). The National Rating Bill supported under PA15 represented a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "land value information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ces resulting from for example the distribution of power and resources in a society (Cederman, Weidmann, & Gleditsch, 2011; Gurr 1970). Poverty is often regarded as the most important source of economic grievances; yet,  >>> poverty data <<<  are insufficiently available for most low-income countries. Therefore, we follow Chenoweth and Ulfelder (2017) and use _infant mortality_ per 1,000 live births (World Bank) as a proxy. In line with most grievance-based models of resistance, our regression model also includes fin", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "poverty data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on the LIC Debt Sustainability Framework (DSF), increased significantly, from eight countries in 2013 to eighteen by the end of 2018.\n\nThis section discusses key trends of public debt in Sub-Saharan Africa drawing from  >>> annual data of 45 countries <<<  in the region.<sup>2</sup> For each of these countries, public debt refers to general government gross debt. Public debt is evaluated at three points in time: 2007, after the delivery of the first wave of debt relief under HIPC and MDRI to 17 of 30 countries; in 2013, before the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual data of 45 countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Antoine, Jamesson Vamblain, Mayerline Antoine, Manouchka Justin, Louise Estavien, Tania Mathurin and Fleurimonde Charles Joseph for their help collecting qualitative data in Haiti; Ingrid Dallmann for her help with the  >>> SPA data <<< ; and Lauren Manning and Chiara Broccolini for support with editing. All findings, interpretations, and errors belong to the authors.\n\n> \u2020Perge is affiliated with UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Llopis Abella is affiliated with Save the Children, and Fruttero is aff", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SPA data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "typically restrict the recall period for past migration episodes.<sup>5</sup> In addition,  >>> nationallyrepresentative surveys <<<  lack detail on the past migration experience which would allow to link migration patterns to labor market outcomes after return. Those nationally representative surveys can be complemented by surveys targeted to return migrants, which remain very rare globally and for South Asia", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationallyrepresentative surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "representative sample of Mexican female entrepreneurs taken from the  >>> 2023 ENOE <<< , and to a sample of CREA\u2019s in-person clients from Iacovone et al. (2018). Online recruitment was successful in scaling across a wide geographic range. The businesses are based in all 32 states of Mexico, with only 28% coming from Mexico City and the neighboring State of Mexico. ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2023 ENOE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ased, welfare aggregate and 2) are implemented by NSOs and integrated into NSSs. This decision was informed by the World Bank Shared Strategy for Household Surveys and its specific recommendations that Bank-\n\n> 10 Since  >>> household consumption surveys <<<  for countries do not always coincide with the reference year for which global poverty is estimated, the World Bank fills data gaps based on projections, which are far less reliable than poverty and inequality statistics directly estimated from household survey data.\n\n> 11 The br", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household consumption surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e 4-2: Socio-Economic Survey and Valuation  Process<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n4.4. Cut-Off Date<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nAccording to OP 4.12, cut-off date is the date the  >>> census of PAPs <<<  begins. This could also be the date the project area is delineated, prior to the census, provided that there has been an effective public dissemination of information on the area delineated, and systematic and continuous dissemination subsequent to the delineation to prevent fur", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census of PAPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " research. The previous census, conducted in 1996, provided a benchmark of sorts, however our target areas have experienced massive demographic changes since 1996, making that census much less useful to us.  Even if the  >>> 2001 census data <<<  were available, they are unlikely", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2001 census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n), according to the criteria presented in Figure 1.\n\nDissemination practices for public debt statistics are assessed according to the following three dimensions: accessibility, completeness, and timeliness.<sup>4</sup>  >>> Debt data <<<  should cover debt stocks at the cut-\n\n> 2 This assessment cannot differentiate between intentional and non-intentional under-reporting, nor can it identify \u201chidden debt\u201d, as this would require granular data from creditors or other stakeholders involved in the transactions. As di", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Debt data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ehavior as the study was never discussed in\n\n> 12 Of the 1,198 names, there are 1,196 unique full names, and 579 unique first names. Table A1 lists 20 example names, by gender. We do not have access to data sources like  >>> birth certificate records <<<  or a census to validate how common these names are for men or women.\n\n> 13 The vast majority of interactions occurred in English, limiting concerns about gendered identifiers. Other gendered identifiers like \u201cSir\u201d or \u201cMiss\u201d are rarely used in 1.3% of chats, and section 4 shows t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "birth certificate records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "our study covers 58 developing and emerging countries during the period 2004-2013. Data on tax revenues comes from the International Centre for Tax and Development\u2019s (ICTD) Government Revenue Dataset (GRD) and the IMF\u2019s  >>> tax revenue dataset <<< , and data on the treatment variable comes from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The remaining variables come from various sources including the World Bank Group (World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators), the IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO), the G", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "tax revenue dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll and memory.\n\n# _2.2. What complicates the measurement of smallholder farm labor?_\n\n## **Features of smallholder farming**\n\n> 4 Apart from multitopic household surveys, smallholder information can be collected through  >>> specialized farm surveys <<< . These often entail visiting the household at multiple times, particularly those surveys utilizing resident enumerators (for example, agricultural extension agents or other ministry of agriculture staff). However, these surveys typically do not collect details on household farm ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "specialized farm surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **3.7:- Monitoring   Activities Related to PWs** \n\n- Public Work Reviews \n\n- Rapid Response Mission and Field Monitoring \n\n- PW Baseline \n\n-  >>> PW Mapped Database <<<  \n\n- Knowledge Management and Sharing \n\n      - **3.8 :- Capacity Building** \n\n      - \u2022 Capacity building is an important component of the PSNP Program. \n\n      - In 2010 EFY, the coordination unit delivered training organized on different topics that contributed to the improvem", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PW Mapped Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng factors including socio-cultural barriers, economic dependency, lack of information, accessibility as well as lack of existence of support systems such as health care and psycho-social support services. Although, the  >>> GBV prevalence statistics <<<  do not represent the full extent of cases, the risk of gender-based violence is exacerbated in times of emergencies as the public services become overstretched, gender norms that regulate social behavior are weakened, separation of family members, lack of opportunities for meani", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "GBV prevalence statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0 live in Kenya. Given the lack of universal reporting and other gaps in statelessness data, these figures are likely to be an underestimate. Stateless people often live on the margins of society and remain invisible in  >>> national statistics <<<  and other government population databases due to the complexities of accurate registration and data collection. \n\n**Lack of identifying documents confirming nationality frequently precludes stateless persons from working in the formal economy, owning property, accessing basic se", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ernal validity gap between weather and climate, such as long differences or the inclusion of several weather lags in the regression models.\n\nLastly, while standard nationally-representative household surveys such as the  >>> LSMS-ISA <<<  are clearly disadvantaged with respect to the possibility of investigating the migratory outcomes of localized suddenonset weather shocks, which require _ad hoc_ post-disaster surveys, the use of \u2018mixed-mode\u2019 data collections solutions, such as the alternation of standard face-t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LSMS-ISA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " often fail to capture entrepreneurial and capital incomes, which remain the main sources of incomes of the rich in developing countries according to the few available data sources (Alvaredo and Gasparini, 2015). Third,  >>> consumption surveys <<<  \u2013 which are used in most developing countries outside Latin America \u2013 understate true living standards at the top because the rich save a higher proportion of their income than the poor. Actual consumption expenditures at the top may also be underestimated because expenditure su", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "consumption surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ection IV presents some implications of the findings.\n\n# **II. Data and Descriptive Statistics**\n\nThis analysis uses data from three waves of India\u2018s National Family Health Survey (NFHS; 1992/93, 1998/99 and 2005/06), a  >>> survey of representative households <<<  in states and territories covering some 99 percent of the population<sup>3</sup> and similar in structure to demographic and health surveys conducted in several other countries. The NFHS follows the pattern of a standard Demographic and Health Survey. The main sample of NFHS con", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey of representative households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nearity in the relationship between financial development and growth illustrated by Levine, Loayza, and Beck (2000). To make our results comparable to those in RZ, we include the \"Differential in real\n\n> 11 There are no  >>> cross-country data <<<  available on firms. An establishment is defmed as a \"unit which engages, under a single ownership or control, in one, or predominantly one, kind of activity at a single location.\" The growth in the number of establishments (average size of establishment) is defined as the log di", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-country data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nterprises) and social statistics (poverty and living condition, demographic, health) of satisfactory quality. Cameroon has a solid experience in rolling out large data collection operations such as population censuses,  >>> living standard household surveys <<< , and demographic surveys. The quality of training of Cameroonian statisticians is good. The sub regional training institute ( _Institut Sous R\u00e9gional de Statistique et d\u2019Economie Appliqu\u00e9e_ ) recruits through a rigorous open competitive exam jointly with the statistics training ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "living standard household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "elaya, Irapuato, and Tlaxcala entered the ENEU. Finally, Canc\u00fan and La Paz joined the survey in 1996. According to INEGI, the ENEU always has covered about 60 percent of the national urban population.\n\nThe data are from  >>> household surveys <<< , which fully describe family composition, human capital acquisition, and experience in the labor market (the variables contain information about social household characteristics, activity condition, position in occupation, unemployment, main occupation, hours worked, earnings, b", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nched a joint report, offering compelling evidence on the scale of violations faced by refugees and migrants engaged in mixed movement, where these violations are happening and who the perpetrators are.<sup>1</sup> Such  >>> reliable data <<<  are needed as a first step towards effective action, and more humane and smarter approaches to strengthen protection in mixed movements. \n\nThis synthesis aims to be a **roadmap for strategic engagement** with different asylum and migration stakeholders at local, national and int", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "reliable data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "milar (middle income, urbanized). The differences can be attributed to different data structures as already explained. The questionnaire and therefore the variables available for analysis are also different\u2014that is, the  >>> LB-Verif data set <<<  has more information on income and employment. The unit of analysis is different: in Jordan, HV data were collected at the case level, while in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LB-Verif data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " per week at ELA clubs is three, which is realistic. We convert time use measures into hours per week.\n\nWith the onset of the crisis and all fieldwork suspended, we implemented two village-level surveys. The first was a  >>> monitoring survey to ELA club mentors <<<  in treatment villages conducted in June/July 2015. It provides information on club functioning, activities and participation. The second was a village leaders survey administered between June and October 2015. It provides information on village characteristics, public facilities", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring survey to ELA club mentors", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oject draws upon the large amount of analytical work carried out by the World Bank Group during the ongoing Private Sector development Capacity Building Project and the 2009 Investment Climate Assessment, along with the  >>> annual Doing Business surveys <<< . Lessons have also been learned from the experiences of projects supported by other development partners in the sector and will build on synergies with other development partners in promoting a competitive business environment in Ethiopia. \n\n5", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "annual Doing Business surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ologies.\n\n# **_Asylum-seekers and refugees_**\n\nUNHCR is the principal organization responsible for the compilation, analysis and dissemination of data on asylum-seekers and refugees. UNHCR maintains a publicly available  >>> statistical online database <<< <sup>85</sup> with data for the period 1951-2014 on refugees (including people in refugee-like situations), asylum-seekers (pending cases), returned refugees, IDPs protected or assisted by UNHCR, returned IDPs previously protected or assisted by UNHCR, stateless persons and other", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistical online database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctively as government.<sup>1</sup> The additional controls, including real GDP per capita, inflation rates, real interest rates, and the agricultural and industrial shares of the economy, were obtained from World Bank\u2019s  >>> World Development Indicators <<<  (WDI) database. Political stability, rule of law, and regulatory quality indicators were obtained from the World Bank Governance Indicators database <u>(http://www.govindicators.org) from indexes constructed by Kaufmann et al (2009).</u>", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rom China Urban Life and Price Yearbook (2008, Table 4-3-3). The price indices are published for 29 individual sectors.\n\n> 7 Price indices for fixed investment and industry-wide intermediate inputs are obtained from the  >>> Statistical Yearbook <<<  (2006) (obtained from the website of the National Bureau of Statistics of China).\n\n> 8 In some specifications, we run regressions with domestic firms only. In these cases, we use the sample of pure domestic firms, which have zero foreign investment. Then we regress either the lo", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Statistical Yearbook", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "surveys as per the Director General's report were conducted and some reports on the same were released, while other reports are still under preparation. The National Surveys that continued to be carried out included the  >>> Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey <<< , (KIHBS) and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises **(MSME)** and Census of Establishments (CoE). The preparatory activities for the **2019** Housing and Population Census such as mapping have commenced. The Bureau will continue to carry out statistical activities that will streng", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stantial variation in the incidence of physical and sexual violence across countries; see Figures 1(a) and 1(b).<sup>19</sup>\n\n# Unemployment rate shocks\n\nData on male and female unemployment rates are obtained from the  >>> World Development Indicators <<<  (WDI), sourced from the ILOSTAT database.<sup>20</sup> Although violence measures are only available for\n\n> 17 Only 0.94% of women in the sample were selected for the domestic module but not interviewed due to lack of guaranteed privacy.\n\n> 18 The sample size for sexual violence", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ions with RPCU were conducted. A total of 279 people participated in the consultation process. Secondary data was collected from DRDIP-I documents (project baseline survey and midterm impact assessment reports) and from  >>> federal and regional project performance quarterly and annual reports <<< . \n\n3", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "federal and regional project performance quarterly and annual reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "asylum in 2009. Source for national population: United Nations, Population Division, \"World Population Prospects: The 2008 Revision\", New York, 2009. Source for Gross Domestic Product (PPP): International Monetary Fund,  >>> World Economic Outlook Database <<< , April 2009. \n\n14 Asylum Levels and Trends in Industrialized", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Economic Outlook Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "economic situation. Part II discusses the Bank Group's strategy and operations in Kenya. Part III describes the proposed industrial sector adjustment program while Part lV provides details on the proposed credits. Basic  >>> economic data <<<  and selected social indicators are summarized in ANNEXES I throuah VI. \n\n###### PART I - THE ECONOMY \n\n##### Basic Structural Characteristics \n\n1.03 In 1986 Kenya had a per capita income of US$300, which places it towards the upper end of the range of low-income countries. Socia", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "urces typically coordinated and disseminated through the Ministry of Education. Additional sources may include school registers, school surveys or census for data on enrolment by level of education; population census or  >>> estimates for school-age population <<< . UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Education Information Management System (REMIS) may also serve as a complementary data source. \n\nFor the denominator, the appropriate age group is referred to as the primary school age or secondary school age. \n\n**Global CompaCt on RefuGees: IndICatoR fRamewoRk ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "estimates for school-age population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " intensive capacity-building efforts, and appropriate indicators and targets were established. However, project design did not include explicit activities aimed at increasing knowledge of population size/location and  >>> baseline data <<<  for high-risk groups. \n\n## Quality-at-Entry Rating: \n\n## Moderately Satisfactory \n\n## **b.  Quality of supervision:** \n\nBank missions contained an appropriate mix of expertise and followed up thoroughly on issues raised by prior missions.  Appropriate attention was paid to insti", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata, coming from various places.\n\nThis paper contributes to the literature not only **by** compiling information from different sources and displaying it in a systematic way, but also **by** presenting new evidence. The  >>> data from the World Bank and the BIS <<<  can be found in previous publications in a very similar format. The data from other sources are new evidence, although part of the data are displayed in a different format in some of the existing papers. The Appendix Table summarizes the data sets used in this paper and their so", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the World Bank and the BIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "EV buyers by country by year, (5) non-financial incentives including green plate, free parking, and HOV lane privilege for EVs by country by year, (6)  >>> sales of heavy-duty EVs by country by year <<< , (7) unit labor cost index in construction sector by country by year, and (8) socio-economic variables by country by year. The 13 countries include Austria, Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States,", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sales of heavy-duty EVs by country by year", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "taff. Also, the project conducted regular assessments on the coverage of maternal and child health services in different districts, allowing for the expansion of coverage in under-served areas.   The ICR did not present  >>> district-level data <<< ; the project team stated that it would not have been feasible to include information at that level of detail in the ICR. \n\n## **M&E Quality Rating** \n\nSubstantial \n\n## **10. Other Issues** \n\nPage 12 of 16", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "district-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " receive feedback through a phone call by the relevant GRM FP, or verbally. The grievance shall also be logged in the  >>> Project GRM log sheet <<< . \n\nAll communications with complainants, including acknowledgements, feedback, and resolution updates, shall be documented and backed up by written communication. This may include formal letters, SMS, or email confirmations, depending on the complainant\u2019s preferred mode of commu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Project GRM log sheet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Statistics Authority (that collects monthly price data from 120 market centers) and the Ethiopian Grain Trade Enterprise (that collects  >>> price data on major grains from 26 markets <<< ).  Also, the Ethiopia Commodity Exchange (ECX) launched in February 2008 established remote access terminal centers in major markets and electronic price tickers at _woreda_ level which is a source of updated, independent and real time price information on major grains produced ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "price data on major grains from 26 markets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eason. Monitoring only for the purpose to have data is never enough. There are two principle possible scenarios: either a good environmental condition shall be maintained or deterioration shall be hindered (in this case  >>> monitoring data <<<  would trigger actions) or an environmental situation shall be improved. In the latter case the effect of actions set up by e.g. decision makers shall", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the main methods and data used. Discussed first is the estimation of average treatment effects (ATEs), using propensity score matching (PSM) before moving on to a consideration of the capability data developed through a  >>> program administration survey <<< . Section 4 provides information about the data gathered and presents some descriptive results. In section 5, we present the main ATE results together with some additional results to consider robustness. Finally, in section 6 we offer some concluding remarks that consider the emp", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "program administration survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> baseline data <<< . 124 individuals from the sample were interviewed at endline, while 7 individuals did not participate (5 percent attrition). Income, loan amounts, profit and sales are in 100 Ethiopian birr (100 ETB = 3.4 USD at baseline). Table presents 99th percentile winsorized continuous var", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Spanish fish market.<sup>15</sup>  >>> Price data <<<  are daily for 2006 and 2007 and weekly during the period 2001-2005. Probably because the calamari is frozen and it can be stored, these prices do not vary significantly within a week and sometimes remain constant even within a month.<sup>16</sup> In addition, boat owners and the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " serious questions with respect to UNHCR\u2019s supposed insistence on the safety and voluntariness of return. Human Rights Watch claimed that refugees were beaten for anti-repatriation activities in the interval between two  >>> UNHCR surveys <<< , undertaken to assess the refugees\u2019 interest in return. MSF Holland made the more serious charge that the majority of refugees had not been informed by UNHCR of their right to decline repatriation, and suggested that only nine per cent of the refugees expected to return to safe ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s and patterns requires a sample of at least 20,000 households and preferably far more. Multiround surveys of mortality are complex and expensive operations and it is doubtful that they are justified in the context of a  >>> World Health Survey <<< . While mortality is of particular significance for demographic 24", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l data because this is what investors observed at the time they made their investment. In addition, this means there is very little possibility of an effect of foreign ownership on firm characteristics.\n\nWe also collect  >>> data on business group affiliation <<< , as this is recognized in previous studies to be an important feature of the Korean corporate sector (Claessens, Djankov, and Lang, 2000). 6fIn January 1998 760 firms were listed on the Korean Stock Exchange. Financial data for 28 firms which filed for bankruptcy in 1998 were un", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on business group affiliation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Coordination Support Section (FICSS) at UNHCR Headquarters in Geneva. Any questions concerning this document should be addressed to FICSS at **<u>stats@unhcr.org</u>** <u>. For other UNHCR statistics, visit UNHCR\u2019s</u>  >>> Statistical Online Population Database <<<  at **<u>http://www.unhcr.org/statistics/populationdatabase</u>** <u>.</u> \n\n> **2** During the period 2005-2009, UNHCR conducted refugee status determination under its mandate in Croatia, Cyprus (northern part of Cyprus only), Montenegro, Serbia, and Turkey (see notes in **Annex", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Statistical Online Population Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rural areas of Kenya will require sustained effort. Once the Government has had an opportunity to study both the  >>> rural sector survey report <<<  and the basic economic report we shall discuss further with them how best the Bank Group can support accelerated agricultural development in Kenya during the forthcoming 1974-78 Development Plan period. \n\n18. Concurrently with efforts to promote the development of the rural econ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "rural sector survey report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rious editions of the Corruption Perceptions Index (panel e), and the July 2018 version of the V-Dem dataset (panel f). See data appendix for full variable definitions and sources. Country codes are taken from the IMF\u2019s  >>> International Financial Statistics <<<  and included in appendix 2. The available data are averaged over the 200514 period.\n\nTo probe these relationships further, we run a set of regressions that exploit within-country variation and account for several potentially confounding variables discussed above. The basic speci", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "International Financial Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t the 2009 IZA Summer School in Labor Economics and the Empirical Microeconomics Lunch at Boston University. We are grateful to Felipe Fern \u0301andez, Rexon Fernando, and Daniel Mart \u0301\u0131nez for their assistance in obtaining  >>> international price data <<< . Jiayi Wen and Lisa Oberlander provided excellent research assistance. Monica Martinez-Bravo gratefully acknowledges financial support from Ram \u0301on y Cajal Program [RYC-2013-14307]. Marian Vidal-Fern \u0301andez is grateful to the Fundaci \u0301on Ram \u0301on Areces for financial support. The", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "international price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rmal\u201d employment. \u201cInformal\u201d employment is defined to include \u201cinformal wage\u201d workers and \u201cself-employed\u201d. The impacts of foreign ownership on income for self-employed are not considered in this paper due to the lack of  >>> wage data <<< .\n\n> 6 See Anderson and Dimon (1999) for Mexico, Fu and", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "wage data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>60.08  46.62  44.56  2.07  95.6  the<br>achievement<br>Under  absorption  of  released  funds  results  in  non-  of  planned<br>implementation  of  planned  activities.  For  example,  the  Baseline  objectives.<br> >>> Education  Census  of  education  institutions <<<   and  Uganda National<br>Household  Survey  were  not undertaken during  the  year.<br>Management  explained  that the  under  absorption  of UGX.2.07Bn<br>was  as  a  result  of  Covid  19  pandemic  that  halted  the  Bureau<br>activities mainly  UNHS,  National  Livestock  Ce", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Education  Census  of  education  institutions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n, and silver), where these commodities represent a large share of exports (20% or more of total exports) or fiscal revenues. The dataset is compiled from the following sources: International Financial Statistics (IFS),  >>> Balance of Payments Statistics <<< , Direction of Trade Statistics, World Economic Outlook, and FAD\u2019s fiscal rules database. The resource revenue data from the WCED is broadly consistent with GRD, although there are substantially divergent information for specific years and countries. Appendix Figure 9 displays th", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Balance of Payments Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ies have expanded significantly under PBS 2. Since the last JRIS, a further 51,206 citizens have participated in the budget literacy training, bringing the total trained to 171,017. Approximately 92% of woredas now post  >>> budget and expenditure data <<<  using customized templates. And almost half of all citizens reported they now have knowledge about their woreda\u2019s budget, compared to less than one out of ten before the Project\u2019s start. In the Social Accountability sub-program, over fifty Ethiopian Civil Society Organizations, ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "budget and expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hs**|**Direct**<br>**Payments**<br>Kshs|**Total**<br>Kshs|**Total**<br>Ksks|**Kshs**|\n|SupervisionofBulk WaterServices|**8,975,599**||**8,975,599**|-|**210,570,231**|\n|ReconciliationofReceivables|||**-**|-|**532,810**|\n| >>> CustomerIdentificationSurvey <<< |||-|**936,221**|**15.497,076**|\n|SupervisionofInformalSettlement|||-|**12,627,641**|**70,304,135**|\n|PreparationofStrategicPlanfor<br>CWSB|||-|**-**|2,611,400|\n|Advertisements|||-|-|**19,198,593", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CustomerIdentificationSurvey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in unemployment across education levels. This alternative scenario shed light on the impact of unemployment on returns.\n\n> 4 They are Barranquilla, Bogot\u00e1, Bucaramanga, Cali, Medellin, and Pasto.\n\n> 5 Because of lack of  >>> longitudinal data <<< , little is known about how labor markets respond to timing of education. Less ability to learn, less", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "longitudinal data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vided with assistance during relocation, such as moving/shifting allowances for ease of resettlement, residential housing or rentals, rental allowance whichever is feasible and as required, for ease of resettlement. \n\n** >>> Survey Census <<< ** means a 100% field assessment carried out to identify and determine the number of Project Affected Persons (PAP). \n\n**Vulnerable Groups** include all those affected by the project who are below the poverty line, the elderly and women headed households. \n\n3", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Somalia, Sudan, and Uganda) based in Djibouti. Such discussions could also be carried out through NGOs functioning inter-regionally, such as Save the Children, a US-NGO financed by USAID-Ethiopia that has carried out a  >>> Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices <<<  (KAl3P) survey on the DjiboutiIAddis Ababa corridor. \n\n**Gender Inequality:** Women are the most vulnerable segment o f the Djiboutian society. Economically, women have low participation rates, and low levels of education. (In the 20-29 age range, 60 percent o f women, compared ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, and Practices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "NEX 1 _ENEU_\n\nThis paper uses information from the National Urban Employment Survey (ENEU), which is also a micro-level data set collected by (National Institute of Statistics and Geography of Mexico) INEGI and contains  >>> quarterly wage and employment data <<<  over 1987-2002. According to INEGI\u2019s methodology document on the ENEU, the data are representative of the 41 largest urban areas in Mexico, covering 61 percent of the population in urban areas with at least 2,500 inhabitants and 92 percent of the population living in metropolita", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quarterly wage and employment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "We employed two data sources. First, thanks to the collaboration with the Tunisian National Institute of Statistics (INS), we rely on the _Enqu\u00eate Nationale sur la Population et l\u2019Emploi_ ( >>> ENPE <<< ), which provides nationally representative socioeconomic information at the individual level from 2000 to 2019. The ENPE is conducted by the INS and consists of demographics and labor market data. The survey consists of repeated cross-sections and does not allow to track individ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ENPE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Design, Implementation and Utilization** \n\nThe PAD provided different levels of detail in definition of M&E indicators in various sections. It is however unclear which specific indicators were intended for gathering the  >>> M&E data <<<  for project monitoring. \n\nThe relevant indicators were neither identified nor reflected in the first 6 PSRs, and it is unclear whether any data were collected on these indicators before the restructuring. In retrospect, however, it may have been impossible to collect any meaning", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "M&E data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to estimate the impact of financial liberalization on financing constraints of firms. Section 4 describes the econometric techniques we employ to estimate our structural model of firm investment. Section 5 presents the  >>> firm-level data <<<  used in our empirical work. Section 6 presents the results of our empirical work. Section 7 assesses the robustness of our results. Section 8 concludes.\n\n# **2 Literature Review**\n\nFollowing the work of Fazzari, Hubbard and Petersen (1988) a large body of literature has emerged ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ral literature reviews have been published and their focus has evolved over time. The first generation of research was mostly analyzing growth and productivity effects, based on a production function framework and using  >>> public capital data <<<  in a panel cross-section framework.<sup>1</sup> More recently, with the increasing availability of more granular information, including geospatial data, and the computing power to process very large databases, the focus has shifted to studies analyzing a wide array of outcomes, ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "public capital data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tis acquiredin</sup> a non-exchange<sup>transactionfor nil or nominalconsiderationandthe fair valueof</sup> the asset can be reliably<sup>established,acontratransactionisrecordedasreceipt</sup> and as a payment. \n\n**A**  >>> fixed asset register <<< <sup>ismaintained</sup><sup>**by**each public entityand a summary</sup> provided for<sup>purposesofconsolidation.Thissummaryisdisclosedasan</sup> annexure to the consolidated<sup>financial statements.</sup> \n\n#### c) **In-kind donations** \n\nIn-kind contributions<sup>aredonationst", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fixed asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly cover children of Libyan mothers and non-Libyan fathers. Notably, it is recommended to consider the use of mass media campaigns targeting families with a Libyan woman and a non-Libyan spouse, to raise awareness about  >>> CRA\u2019s Database for Foreigners <<<  and the registration process.</mark> \n\n<mark>Both agencies are also encouraged to work towards allowing more flexibility in the requirements for official documents to register, notably by allowing IDPs and returnees to rapidly obtain their identity and civil", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CRA\u2019s Database for Foreigners", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Annual Survey of Industries and quarterly employment surveys designed to track industrial and workforce development trends in selected economic sectors. External surveys, such as the International Finance Corporation\u2019s  >>> Enterprise Surveys <<< , periodically analyze India\u2019s business environment, and especially its formal sector (IFC 2014). Sample surveys of households and industries are typically conducted by the government and have traditionally served as the primary data source for understanding labor market trends a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ges faced by informal workers and enterprises in the digital economy?\n\nIn conclusion, numerous questions remain for future research. Some of these questions may be resolved with the help of existing datasets such as the  >>> IMK Survey <<<  and SAKERNAS. Where this is not possible, new data will have to be collected through other means to properly address the challenge of informality in Indonesia.\n\n26", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IMK Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion.**</sup> \n\n- Before the census,<sup>theRAPteamconducted siteinspection using observation</sup> method. This aimed at determining<sup>theareacoveragebasedon thoselikely to</sup> be impact by project activities. \n\n- A  >>> Baseline survey <<< , which<sup>aimedatestablishingthesocio-economicprofileof</sup> the communities in the<sup>widerprojectarea,wasconducted.</sup> The baseline involved a complete census<sup>of allhouseholdswithinthezoneof100metres</sup> from the boundaries of the UETCL<sup>substation plant.</sup> ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", we will build on three explanatory variables that they found to be robust, namely, investment rate, growth in investment in human capital and population growth. As we are dealing with a single country case study using  >>> time series data <<<  (as opposed to the bulk of the endogenous growth studies that are cross-sectional), some of the key variables used in the endogenous growth empirical literature have been left out, namely, the initial level of real GDP per capita and the initial human investment stock. Long run ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "time series data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 70 Center for Gender and Refugee Studies at the University of California Hastings College of the Law (CGRS) keeps an extensive  >>> database of gender-related asylum claims <<< , including unreported cases. Available at: <u>http://cgrs.uchastings.edu/</u> Several cases were kindly shared by Mr. Stephen Knight, Deputy Director of CGRS. \n\n> 71 See for example, _Li v. Canada_ (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), IMM-932-00, Federal Court, 11 December", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database of gender-related asylum claims", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ches to population statistics. Targeted support and capacity building from the humanitarian and development community, working more closely with national statistical offices, will allow for greater visibility of FDPs in  >>> socioeconomic data <<< . \n\nThe interim findings in this paper constitute a springboard to deeper analysis through discussion of potential drivers of the observed results, analysis of the country-specific policies and responses in the pandemic in coordination with the socioeconomic microdata collected, ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socioeconomic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n with probability proportional to size method.\n\n3 Enumeration blocks are defined as 200-250 households on average with well-defined boundaries and maps.\n\n4 PSLM2004/2005 uses a slightly different employment module than  >>> PIHS <<< 2001/2002 and PIHS2005/2006. This makes the trend analysis difficult to interpret.\n\n5 Casual wage workers include casual paid employees, workers paid a piece rate or according to the work performed, and paid non-family apprentices. Own-account workers include self-employed worker", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ystems: The personnel** management information system' for the civil service is deficient. The Treasury mainframe computer used for running the entire civil service payroll dates from **1968** and is prone to breakdown.  >>> Personnel records at Ministry Level <<<  are mostly compiled manually and do not reconcile with budget estimates or with the Treasury payroll. Certain large ministries have launched census exercises to improve their personnel information, but cannot easily update their findings, and are obliged to repeat the exercise r", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Personnel records at Ministry Level", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and more granular data. Labor force surveys capture information on the personal characteristics, wages and experience levels of employees, as well as employer characteristics such as firm size and workforce composition.  >>> Enterprise surveys <<<  focus on formal-sector business and production activities and assess employee productivity. Both labor force and enterprise surveys tend to be conducted infrequently and focus on a small number of variables. A key advantage of online job-portal data is that it allows for a much ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "experiences in their pre-earthquake shelter. Those able to return to pre-earthquake housing will be living in damaged buildings and face an increased threat from cold weather. \n\n#### **5.2. Climate Change** \n\nSource: <u> >>> CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PROFILE <<< </u> **<u>:</u>** <u>Syria.</u> \n\n\n\nNW Syria Environmental Country Profile \u2013 September 2023 - 14", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CLIMATE CHANGE RISK PROFILE", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iciary processes<br>managed by the CDOs working closely with the LC I<br>leadership.|\n|10|Planning Units, ICT and communications|The planning unit to provide and as well verify data provided<br>for planning in-line with  >>> UBOs data <<<  and National planning<br>statistics<br>Planning unit to oversee monitoring and Evaluation<br>activities. For knowledge management, learning, visibility<br>and replication of innovations andgoodpractices|\n\n\n\n94", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UBOs data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "critical natural habitats, have the<br>activities been excluded from the Program?<br>iv.<br>Does screening include the use of the best available science (e.g. reference to authoritative source<br>materials such as maps,  >>> lists of threatened or endangered species <<<  prepared by recognized experts,<br>direct advice from recognized experts, advice from peer-reviewed technical literature) to inform the<br>assessment of potential impacts?<br>v.<br>Are Program activities planned and carried out in the context of land use or other management plan", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "lists of threatened or endangered species", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ase of protracted internal displacement situations, IDPs are likely to be included in national censuses; however, census instruments may be subject to manipulation for political purposes.\n\nThere are several drawbacks of  >>> population censuses <<<  including their cost, the significant training required for enumerators to ensure consistent answers to questions on forced displacement, impediments to field operations and data processing (such as weather conditions and technical problems), the relative infrequency with which ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l sample PSU--are selected using systemic sampling techniques with a random starting point.\n\nSeveral researchers who have studied the labor market in Pakistan have used the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey (PIHS) or  >>> Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement <<<  (PSLM) Survey. Here I use the LFS because: (1) the LFS data are a representative sample of the labor force; (2) the LFS asks specifically whether the individual (10 years old or above) was actively looking for a job if he/she did not work in the past week, an essential question ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to logistics to litigation arrangements. Those who were not satisfied cited long waiting time, travel distance and limited distribution points where they could collect their entitlements. \n\n_19. In the timeframe of the  >>> September PDM <<< , UNHCR did upgraded Transit centre, Chakmarkul and Nayapara NFI distribution centres._ \n\nUNHCR / September, 2018 \n\n15", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "September PDM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in Uganda (Reinnika and Svensson 2004).\n\n> 15 The initial sample contained 182 schools, although 2 yielded only incomplete information, 5 were private schools not covered in this paper and 3 could not be matched to the  >>> test scores data <<<  from the Examination Council of Zambia.\n\n11", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "test scores data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "schooling, vocational training and study time. \"IGA\" includes paid and unpaid work of any kind. Respondents were then asked to allocate beads into each circle in a way that represents time allocation in an average week.  >>> Data on leisure time allocation <<<  was collected in a similar way. The recorded categories for leisure are: \"Friends\", \"Men\", \"Alone\", \"Church\", \"Volunteer\" and \"Other\". The exact phrasing for the \"Men\" category is \"With boys or men you have a sexual relationship with\". Respondents were then asked to allocate bea", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data on leisure time allocation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "esults framework covers 5 years of implemenation, starting from July 2015. As such, the indicators for which the regular monitoring reports is stated as the source of information will be updated in the next ISR. For the  >>> data reported on September 4, 2015 <<< , a number of actuals are stated as being the same as the baseline. For the outcome indicators, these will be updated once the baseline for the PSNP 4 impact evaluation becomes available. Data will be collected in January 2016. For activity indicators, these will be reported with", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data reported on September 4, 2015", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f educational background and gender) in Vietnam using the _Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys_ of 2002 and 2004. Whereas most previous studies have compared wage levels between foreign and domestic sectors using  >>> firm-level data <<<  (thus excluding the informal sector), one advantage of using the Living Standards Surveys in this paper is that the data allow wage comparison analyses to extend to the informal wage sector. A series of Mincerian earnings equations and worker-specific fixed effects models are es", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "firm-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "O-ECONOMIC SURVEY** \n\nA complete census enumeration of Project-Affected Persons (PAPs) and their households, registration and valuation of properties affected by Modjo Dry Port expansion was completed in March 2020. The  >>> census including asset inventory <<<  was conducted between March 15-30, 2020 and the first date for data collection date i.e. March 15, 2020 was fixed as the project cut-off date. The cut-off date is well known and accordingly communicated to the PAPs through woreda and kebele administrations. Very wider discussion", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census including asset inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_Policies_ \n\n**133** \n\n_A binary variable for the validity of the protection certificate_ .  >>> HV data <<<  include a variable on the validity of the protection certificate. This is the key registration document for the UNHCR and the one that gives access to UNHCR services. It is therefore an important variable for welfare as also found in the welfare and poverty equations. Here the p", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HV data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to almost 575 000 people in 2018 (+6% compared to 2017), the highest level recorded. Mexico received just over 100 000 new migrants, as is the case since 2015. \n\n##### **Box 1 Global estimates of migrant workers** \n\nThe  >>> ILO Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers <<<  report is part of a broader ILO effort to enhance the global harmonization, collection and production of labour migration statistics. They are also part of the implementation of the new _Guidelines concerning statistics of international labour migration_ , adopted by the 20th In", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ILO Global Estimates on International Migrant Workers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "March,<br>2018 for inputs and<br>feedback|Water Policy and Bill<br>adopted|\n|Date|01-Oct-2013|04-May-2018|04-May-2018|30-Dec-2022|\n\n\n\n### **Overall Comments PDO** \n\nThe beneficiary numbers need to be determined -current  >>> NPMU progress report <<<  does not provide the information. \n\n### **Intermediate Results Indicators by Components** \n\n|C3: Support for Proje<br>IN00587856|ct Implementation||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|\u25ba14. Project M&E Es|tablished and Operational (|Text, Custom)|||\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Curre", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NPMU progress report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "condary education: \n\nEducation data may be derived from administrative sources typically coordinated and disseminated through the Ministry of Education. Additional sources may include school registers, school surveys or  >>> census <<<  for data on enrolment by level of education; population census or estimates for school-age population. UNHCR\u2019s Refugee Education Information Management System (REMIS) may also serve as a complementary data source. \n\nFor the denominator, the appropriate age group is referred to a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **3. Data and Descriptive Statistics**\n\n# **3.1.Data**\n\nDifferent data sources are used on trade, incomes, labor market outcomes, and migration at the municipal level. First, the  >>> data on exports <<<  by municipality, year, and sector supplied by the tax authority of Mexico (Servicio de Administraci\u00f3n Tributaria) cover each municipality in 2004\u2013 14. Data are reported using the 2002 Harmonized System classification at the 4-digit level and converted to the International Standa", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on exports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " causes of stillbirth globally. Despite growing research projects on maternal-child health, still, there is little effort has been made in developing countries to explore the causes of stillbirths. At the country level,  >>> accurate data on stillbirths <<<  are urgently needed to enable tracking of the quality of antenatal and intrapartum care, understand the causes of these deaths, and thus identify areas for prevention.<sup>12</sup> Many countries in the region including Jordan do not include stillbirth in their vital statistics ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accurate data on stillbirths", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt of GDP\u201d (GGEY), \u201cGross Domestic Product, Current National Prices\u201d (NGDP), and \u201cInflation, Average Consumer Prices\u201d (CPI) from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World\n\n> 46 Commodity export data are taken from the  >>> UN Comtrade Database <<< . See Appendix Table 1 for details on commodity exports for each of the 56 countries included in the sample.\n\n34", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UN Comtrade Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "istics of respondents for each survey.\n\n> 4 Each survey was supported by the World Bank Living Standards Measurement Study \u2013 Plus (LSMS+) project, which was established in 2016 to improve the availability and quality of  >>> individual-disaggregated survey data <<<  on key dimensions of men\u2019s and women\u2019s economic opportunities and welfare. For more information, please visit <u>www.worldbank.org/lsmsplus.</u>\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "individual-disaggregated survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rmance incentives will also be applied to the PCU; (d) TA activities will be grouped in clusters to enable bulk contracting and simplify project procurement and reduce transaction cost. The project\u2019s contribution in the  >>> population census <<<  is quite modest, which reduced the risk associated with lack of disbursement as a result of delay and/or cost overrun of this critical activity. \n\n58. **Fiduciary risk is Substantial.** The PCU that will be responsible to manage financials and procurement is not yet set up and h", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " projects, as well as the overall national level performances in relation to REDD+ activities.   The primary data sources that provide insights into the grant period achievements include OFLP safeguards instruments, the  >>> Environmental and Social Audit <<<  for the grant phase, the OFLP Borrower Completion Report (BCR), and the summaries of the OFLP grant and OFLP ERP ESRM reports, all of which were effectively reviewed and evaluated. The basic information on the preparation and implementation site specific ESMPs helps identify the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Environmental and Social Audit", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and gender \n\n**Source:**  >>> Shona SES <<<  (2019) and KIHBS (KNBS 2015/16). \n\nthat of nationals, low secondary school attendance can also be explained by the high opportunity cost of going to school, suggesting that the Shona youth drop out of school to enter the labor market. \n\n**29 . Educational attainment is low, espe", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Shona SES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "enced by economic disparities. \n\nElectric Coverage : According to the information from the  sub city profile ,the electric coverage  of the city is 52.56%. \n\n#### **4.3.3 Household Socioeconomic Survey Findings** \n\nThis  >>> socio-economic baseline HH survey <<<  was conducted as part of Socioeconomic impact assessment of the new underground (UG) and overhead (OH) express lines. Since implementation of the project potential impacts confined mainly into two sub-cites found in Addis Ababa city administration and Sheger city of Oromia Regio", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic baseline HH survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "suggest that SLAAC demarcation costs averaged between US$ 30 per parcel, excluding printing and issuance. However, end-to-end costs varied depending on district-level capacity and community validation delays. Similarly,  >>> data on the time interval between adjudication and title issuance <<<  were not consistently recorded, limiting the ability to assess SLAAC's processing efficiency relative to sporadic registration. Future programs would benefit from integrating such metrics into routine monitoring systems to inform cost-effectiveness and performance benchmarks. \n\n", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on the time interval between adjudication and title issuance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Nathan Kapata and Dr Muzala Kapina from the Zambian National Institute of Public Health (ZNPHI). The  >>> household water and sanitation survey data <<<  collection was made possible with then Field Coordinators Sensio Banda and Gertrude Namitala; survey firms Fibonacci Engineering and Palm Associates.\n\nFrom inside the World Bank, the work was made possible with the support of operational Task Team Leaders (TTLs) Josses Mugabi, O", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household water and sanitation survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rogram objective. \n\n- _Inbuilt incentives through performance and competition \u2013_ although each municipal LG will be allocated an indicative planning figure (IPF) for the duration of the Program period, access and \n\n> 28  >>> Infrastructure baseline data <<<  \n\n23", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Infrastructure baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pation/skills as of 2018 \n\n###### **Market-systems and value chains analysis Data Collection** \n\nCompleted 29 KIIs with government, non-government, private and market actors in **Dadaab** , 9 FGDs with market actors and  >>> market survey <<<  conducted in Ifo, Hagadera and Dagahaley on October and November 2018. \n\nKII - Mohamed Idris \u2013 Dadaab Sub-County Social and Culture Officer KII- Adan Omar Hassan \u2013 Dadaab Sub-County Revenue Officer KII-", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "market survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ltidimensionally poor, meaning they were deprived of the fulfillment of multiple rights or needs for basic food or services (CSA and UNICEF Ethiopia 2018). And despite progress over the previous decades, the most recent  >>> Demographic and Health Survey 2 <<< ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Survey 2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eclining from 34 percent in 1959 to less than 26 percent in 1989. This eventually left the country as or less urbanized than Soviet Tajikistan or Kyrgyzia (at 25.7 and 37.5 percent in 1989, respectively).<sup>4</sup> No  >>> population census <<<  has been completed in the intervening years, and the current urban population share is imprecisely measured.<sup>5</sup> However, administrative records suggest that the pace of urbanization stagnated in 2009, leaving the country more than 50 percent rural (using new rural/urban", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eforms encouraged wage earners to open their own businesses, increasing the number of registered firms by 5%, while at the same time increasing wage employment by 2.2%. In the same vein, Branstetter et al. (2010), using  >>> Portuguese micro level data <<< , investigated economic", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Portuguese micro level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n of social security and other benefits to the worker.\n\n# **Data sources**\n\n# _Data on informal enterprises_\n\nStatistics Indonesia maintains several datasets used to study Indonesia's informal sector. These are: (i) the  >>> Economic Census <<< ; (ii) the Survey of Micro and Small Enterprises ( _Survei Industri Mikro Kecil_ or IMK); and (iii) the Survey of Medium and Large Manufacturing Firms ( _Survei Tahunan Perusahaan Industri Pengolahan Besar dan Sedang_ or Manufacturing Survey). Complementing these main data source", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Economic Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ta on financing provided to, or for the benefit of, refugee returnees. It may, however, not consistently capture multilateral support. Limitations in the quality and coverage of data is to be expected. \n\nUNHCR: captures  >>> data on multilateral funding <<<  for interventions to, or for the benefit of, refugee returnees. \n\n**34 Global CompaCt on RefuGees: IndICatoR fRamewoRk**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on multilateral funding", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ls for project managers. \n\n- With each new CfP, Slovakia holds a corresponding Information Day and makes available a ZIP file of all relevant documentation for download by potential beneficiaries. \n\n- Cyprus maintains a  >>> contact database of potential beneficiaries <<< , whom it contacts prior to the issue of CfPs to request the informal submission of project ideas. Some evidence exists that submissions do have an impact on the content of CfPs, albeit within the framework of existing National Programme priorities. \n\n###### **Chapter 7. IMPLEMEN", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "contact database of potential beneficiaries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and evaluation in its strategy to improve quality of education. In view of this policy, the Ministry of Education has collected databases that can be useful for this purpose. These include Carrera Magisterial, PARE, and  >>> TIMSS <<<  (Third International Mathematics and Science Study) databases among others.\n\nDue to data constraints, this paper is unable to do a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the learning achievement issues in Mexico. The following analysis, therefore, should be regarded as an explor", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "TIMSS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and more than 75 percent of households decreased their number of meals. More than 44 percent of refugees and 37 percent of nationals in Chad had gone a whole day without \n\n> 45 Although the set of shocks queried by the  >>> phone surveys <<<  varied across countries, pandemic-related shocks may include increases in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "phone surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "J19033 /<br>CIMISEAJOURDRPBELOHA8<br>IDA / D4340<br>Component 1: Building a<br>safety net for the poor in<br>selected rural areas<br>Post<br>DRA11CIOS19001 / Saisie<br>des fiches de<br>coresponsabilit\u00e9 scolaires,<br>des  >>> fiches de pr\u00e9sence <<< , des<br>\u00e9tats de paiements et mise \u00e0<br>jour des informations des<br>b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires du projet<br>TMDH \u2013 ACT P dans le<br>progiciel MIS.<br>IDA / D4340<br>Component 1: Building a<br>safety net for the poor in<br>selected rural areas<br>Post<br>DRP82CIMAJ19025 /<br>CIMISEAJOURDRPAM", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fiches de pr\u00e9sence", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and time allocation for the various components of the ESBS. \n\n## **_3.5.2 Methods of Baseline Data Collection_** \n\nBaseline environmental and social information should be assembled using: \n\n- Collection and analysis of  >>> existing data <<< ; \n\n- Carrying out specific field studies to acquire supplementary data to help in prediction of impacts of the subproject project and its alternatives, and to identify potential trade- offs in ESIA studies; and \n\n- Community consultation. \n\n> 73 Key findings are featured in the ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "existing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hanced tenure security in vulnerable regions but also laid the foundation for participatory land use planning and conflict resolution at the local level. Disaggregated data on CLA registrations is also available through  >>> UgNLIS <<< , although such data is not routinely used by MoLHUD for monitoring or decision-making. \n\n49. **CEDP built institutional capacity in Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Mechanisms** **_:_** Recognizing that land disputes are a key source of insecurity and delays in land transact", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UgNLIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of GRCs have different roles and responsibilities. The GRC processes involves Receiving, Acknowledging and Recording Grievances, Sorting and categorization, Verification and resolution, Giving feedback, Safe handling of  >>> grievance records <<< , Anonymous grievances and Right to Appeal. \n\n4", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "grievance records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "LIST OF POINTS ABOUT EROSION CONTROL **IN** THE CONSTRUCTION OF' ROADS **IN** HILLY AREAS \n\n1. Does the road construction project estimate provide for the necessary measures against soil erosion? \n\n2. Have soil maps and  >>> aerial photographs <<<  studies and investigations made to locate areas or sections with high erosion potential?", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "aerial photographs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "income group has the highest percentage of countries with all 5 measures followed by countries in Latin America and the Caribbean.\n\nThe  >>> dataset collected through the survey <<<  provides information on a number of dimensions of financial consumer protection across countries using consistent methodology. Ideally, we would like to explore the links between the scope of financial consumer protection across countries and market outcomes, such as the level o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "dataset collected through the survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "1 households). Most households with shared connections were not able to show a water bill to the enumerator, which prevented us from obtaining the billing ID that would have allowed for matching with the water utility\u2019s  >>> billing records data set <<< .\n\n11", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "billing records data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sented as a separate report to this Project_ \n\n### **1.5.2. Secondary Socio-Economic Data** \n\nThis information was largely drawn from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) reports (Volume II, III and IV) of the  >>> 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census <<<  (KPHC), Nakuru County Integrated Development Plan (CDIP) 2018-2022 and findings from field survey undertaken during Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process \n\nPage 1-7", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oth the number of household members working in agriculture and the number of household plots on which farming takes place. If both of these new components are recorded with the same accuracy in the recall data as in the  >>> weekly data <<< , then the degree of overreporting in hours per person-plot (presented in table 3, panel A) and in hours aggregated by household will be roughly the same. Table 3, panels B\u2013D show this aggregation, presenting statistics on the person level (that is, all labor performed by a given", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "weekly data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt partners and by the Government, was at an advanced stage. The procurement of a firm to provide the tagging equipment has been completed and the tagging of all programme assets is scheduled to start on March 25, 2012.  >>> comprehensive inventory of all programme assets <<<  has been completed by the Secretariat to guide this process. Once the tagging process has been completed, the fixed asset management register will be uploaded to the financial management system, which contains a module for asset management. \n\n44. Fuel Management System. A review", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "comprehensive inventory of all programme assets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "th and safety and has experience of implementing some of the measures such as distributing PPE to its workers. \n\n- EEU has a better experience of distributing PPE to its workers up to service center level. \n\n- EEU keeps  >>> records of occupation and community accidents and incidents <<< . Further, the major accidents (leading to fatalities and injuries) are investigated and compensated. \n\n- Due to the nature of the work which demands a certain set of skills obtained through training in TVET colleges and EEU\u2019s commitment and effort to recruit all workers (includi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of occupation and community accidents and incidents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ation Development Project recognizes all receipts from various sources when an event occurs, and the related cash is received. \n\n##### i) Transfers from the Exchequer \n\nTransfers from the Exchequer are recognized in the  >>> books of aecounts <<<  when cash is received- Cash is considered received when a payment instruction is issued to the bank and the receiving entity is notified. \n\n**6**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "books of aecounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nsable both for measuring progress towards the SDGs and for effective policy and program design and analysis.\n\nHousehold and farm surveys are the most important source of agricultural data, rivalled in some countries by  >>> administrative data <<< . In all measurement, survey-based or otherwise, there is some amount of measurement error. In surveys, the necessary reliance on imperfect respondent recall is a common source of error. Measurement in agricultural surveys in low-income countries is particularly difficult because", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt. A Randomized Control Trail (RCT) has been proposed by the consulting firm which was by in large accepted as the most appropriate methodology for the purpose. During the mission the CSA had already started collecting  >>> baseline data <<<  in 12 woredas of the four regions. The mission noted, however, that the understanding on the Impact Evaluation (IE) design and the implication of the RCT was not consistent across regions. The mission agreed that (i) the RCT, as it is designed, will be applied, which means that ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uality. However, if top incomes increase faster than the rest, the surveys would also underestimate the _trend_ in inequality. There is some suggestive evidence pointing in that direction. First, while the evidence from  >>> administrative data <<<  remains very limited, in some of the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to capital in microenterprises are low and therefore it does not make sense for their owners to borrow money to invest in them. However, multiple pieces of evidence allow us to negate this possibility.\n\n> 1 The complete  >>> World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset <<<  is available at: http://www.enterprisesurveys.org.\n\n7", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ition, the Ministry of Lands Housing and Urban Development should interest itself in irregular lease allocations. \n\n### **k)   Allocation of Land by District Land Boards (DLB)** \n\nI noted that there was no comprehensive  >>> database of Public Land <<<  by the DLB\u2019s. As a result, 2 District Land Boards (DLBs) allocated 4 pieces of land which were not under their jurisdiction. \n\n**PAGE  64** \n\n**ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL: KEY MESSAGES 2021/22**", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database of Public Land", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " lower middle compared to high income.\n\nThe global regional account database includes national and subnational units at various administrative levels.<sup>18</sup> Following Robinson et al. (2014) in their assessment of  >>> Gridded Livestock Of the World <<<  (GLW) 2.0, we summarize the average spatial resolution (ASR) of the input regional data, which is the square root of the land area divided by the number of administrative units. We find that on average the ASR decreases from high to low income groups.\n\n# **3.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Gridded Livestock Of the World", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nized demand for enhanced services and government accountability\u201d.\n\nAt this point it is worth noting that, even if we present here different indicators of civic participation, mainly drawing from opinion surveys such as  >>> Americas Barometer <<<  and Latinobar\u00f3metro, it does not necessarily mean that these indicators are a good proxy for collective action: social capital and participation in associations does not necessarily mean effective production of demands directed to the government, rather they indicate strong inte", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Americas Barometer", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Database and publishes an annual _World Inequality Report_ , are producing important, pathbreaking work extending our knowledge of inequality around the world. Other examples include the team at UNU-WIDER, who host the  >>> World Income Inequality Database <<<  (WIID) and have a had a long tradition of work on both income and wealth inequality, as well as the Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality at the City University of New York. Of course, most academic research on inequality is produced at universities around the world, whether", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Income Inequality Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ial protection policy highlights this lack of communication and data sharing, as the Department of the Affairs of Persons with Disabilities within the SSolF, which is in charge of issuing disability cards and thus has a  >>> registry for this population group <<< , is not aware of the MoSA\u2019s plan to build upon this registry to create a shared database. \n\n\u2022 A lack of referral pathways: only one service provider KI, in Sebha, mentioned the existence of referral mechanisms between the MoSA and the SSolF (1/37). They reported that the MoSA, i", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "registry for this population group", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mplete package. In the catchment area of each of the chosen health centers, a village or urban quarter was randomly selected to be included as a sampling unit for the household survey. In addition to the health centers,  >>> health facility surveys <<<  were also conducted in general referral hospitals in most health zones. Appendix A provides further details on the sampling frame and overall study design.\n\nWithin the selected villages, 4,834 households with women who had live births in the 24 months prior to the survey were ra", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "health facility surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- v) Adequate internal controls to monitor expenditure and other financial transactions exist; and \n\n- vi) The  >>> fixed assets register <<<  for the Projects' assets was maintained during the year. \n\n**Edward R.O. Ouko, CBS AUDITOR-GENERAL** \n\n**Nairobi** \n\n**19 December 2014** \n\n4", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fixed assets register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5. **Average labor earnings:** Data is taken from  >>> national household income surveys <<<  with the exception of Croatia and the UK from the Eurostat and the ILO; Malaysia from the Povcal Net database; and Hungary, Poland, Slovenia and South Africa from the ILO.\n\n# 6. **Complementary Data for the Panel Analysis**\n\n- a. Trade Shock: The trade shock series are based on ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national household income surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s contribution to household decision-making (see Oyediran and Isiugo-Abanihe 2005).\n\n> 3 Reasons include: arguing with him, refusing sex, burning the food, neglecting the children, or going out without telling him.\n\n> 4  >>> Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project <<<  (ACLED", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup>87</sup> These portals provide data on populations of concern at regional and country levels, including  >>> time series data <<< , demographics, location and accommodation information.<sup>88</sup> Eurostat compiles and publishes data on asylum (applications and decisions) and managed migration in European Union member countries. Countries and national and international NGOs also publish these statistics, ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "time series data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mely basis. In consequence, we were unable to rely on the system of internal control over the accounting for the purposes of our audit and therefore unable to satisfy ourselves as to the accuracy and completeness of the  >>> accounting records <<< . \n\n|~**251-011-5515222**<br>**251-011-5535012**|**Fax 251-011-5513083**|**E-mail: ASC@ethionet.com**|Bl**5720**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**251-011-5535015**||||\n|**251-011-5535016**||||", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sing the FIES is significantly higher than that of the FCS. Approximately 57.3 percent of Nigerians are moderately food insecure or worse according the FIES, and approximately 25.9 percent\n\n> 23For example, the 2009/10 H >>> NLSS <<<  data were marked by implausible seasonal movements in consumption and contradictions of Engel\u2019s Law. These issues were eliminated in the 2018/19 NLSS. For further discussion of data issues in the 2009/10 HNLSS, see World Bank (2016).\n\n14", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NLSS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "smaker, carpenter or taxi driver?\u2019._ Stylized questions are also used in LSMS\u2010ISA surveys to measure unpaid work and collect time use data on domestic activities, such as collecting water and firewood. For instance, the  >>> LSMS\u2010 ISA surveys <<<  in Malawi, Tanzania and Uganda include the questions \u2018 _How many hours did you spend collecting water? (hours)\u2019_ and \u2018 _How many hours did you spend collecting firewood (or other fuel materials)? (hours)_ \u2019. The 2015/16 Ethiopia LSMS\u2010ISA survey starts with a yes\u2010no question to s", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LSMS\u2010 ISA surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "her growth; it depends on other policies pursued by the countries (e.g., Lederman and Maloney, 2007).\n\nThe data on GDP per capita and the amount of net oversees development assistance per capita (ODI) originate from the  >>> World Bank World Development Indicators data base <<< .\n\n# **3.2 Stylized facts**\n\nAs noted, Freedom House\u2019s Civil Rights and Political Liberties indices are closely related (Table 1). When looking at the most recent data available i.e. 2007 we note that all observations on civil rights and political liberties are located along the ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank World Development Indicators data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nstraint on firms\u2019 growth in all developing countries, the fact that industrial development in some countries took off faster and sooner than others indicate that there are other constraints that are not captured by the  >>> Enterprise Survey <<< .", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Enterprise Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l Sample Surveys (NSS). The 2002-03 NSS round collects detailed farm-level information and the 2004-05 round includes both a huge household expenditure survey and an employment survey. These data are supplemented with a  >>> district-level panel of agricultural output and weather <<< .\n\nPast empirical literature focuses on predicting the impact of a changing climate on national or global agricultural product, largely ignoring the question of how damages will be distributed across the relevant population. There are three distinct approaches to making such pred", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "district-level panel of agricultural output and weather", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n **30** June **2025.** \n\nThis responsibility includes (i) Maintaining adequate financial management arrangements and ensuring that these continue to be effective throughout the reporting period, (ii) Maintaining proper  >>> accounting records <<< , which disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the project, (iii) Designing, implementing and maintaining internal controls relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statement, and ensuring that they are free from material", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "igido um recibo de registo militar. \n\n##### 3.3.2. Obst\u00e1culos \u00e0 obten\u00e7\u00e3o de um Bilhete de Identidade<sup>189</sup> \n\nAo contr\u00e1rio do sistema de registo civil, o novo sistema de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 electr\u00f3nico e ligado a uma  >>> base de dados central em Luanda <<< , acess\u00edvel a partir de todos os Servi\u00e7os de Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o angolanos. Ao contr\u00e1rio do sistema anterior, os novos cart\u00f5es de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o agora produzidos a n\u00edvel central em Luanda. Por", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "base de dados central em Luanda", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "refore placed more emphasis on its communication strategy and involved community representatives in the targeting process, which reduced the level of distrust and complaints from communities. The \n\n> 19 PIBS1 (2016) and  >>> PIBS2 <<<  (2019). \n\nPage 32 of 66", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIBS2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ere pre-populated with the exact census locations and codes, so that the matching exercise is perfect. The census classification is based on 2002 data and the average migrant respondent in our survey moved in 2003.\n\nThe  >>> consumption data <<<  originate from extensive food and non-food consumption modules in the survey, carefully designed to maintain comparability across survey rounds and controlling for seasonality. The consumption aggregate includes home produced and purchased food and non-food expenditure. The non-", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "consumption data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " but mobility during the same period varied significantly), particularly as the pandemic progressed. The variation in work stoppages and earnings was more closely related to mobility than stringency.\n\n> 13 In Mongolia\u2019s  >>> round 4 survey <<< , the reference period for employment was not the week preceding the survey but April 5-11, 2021, before the lockdown occurred.\n\n9", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "round 4 survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er, all NPTP beneficiaries have free access to medication dispensaries located in each Social Development Center (SDC) where major medications for chronic diseases are available.  All beneficiaries are registered in the  >>> SDC dispensary database <<< . \n\n26. The payment method to the schools with enrolled NPTP beneficiaries is similar to the above.  Schools with enrolled beneficiaries fill a dedicated invoice form that includes the registered beneficiary students\u2019 names and registration cost. The Ministry of Education and Hig", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SDC dispensary database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ue Dataset (GRD) and the IMF\u2019s tax revenue dataset, and data on the treatment variable comes from the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The remaining variables come from various sources including the World Bank Group ( >>> World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators <<< ), the IMF World Economic Outlook (WEO), the Global Financial Integrity (GFI), ICRG, Kose et al. (2017) database, and Chinn & Ito (2006) index of capital openness. Our sample consists of 17 Non-Cooperative and 41 Cooperative countries (see Table A1 in the Online Appendix).\n\nSimpl", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Indicators and Worldwide Governance Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "estimates are the source for that part of the  >>> GTAP protection database <<< . To that 3 A side issue is how the OECD\u2019s PSE compares with the Aggregate Measure of Support (AMS) that members notify to the WTO as part of their commitments under the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture. The AMS refers only to the domestic support pillar, and it excludes me", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GTAP protection database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " gender and secondary education. The left-hand figures restrict the sample to rural workers who have completed secondary education; the right-hand panel restricts the sample to rural workers without secondary education.  >>> NSS survey <<<  rounds 55, 61, 66 and 68 correspond to the 1999-00, 2004-05, 2009-10 and 2011-12 years.\n\n38", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NSS survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "form, expanding access to finance, or taxation.\n\nLittle is also understood as to which assets drive wealth inequality within countries, given data gaps on individual ownership of different asset classes, particularly in  >>> national surveys <<<  that could allow for a deeper understanding of inequality within populations. And even when these topics are covered in surveys, household members\u2019 asset ownership and control are typically asked only of one person considered by survey enumerators to be knowledgeable about these", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "can access information from the KRA website, KRA online TV tax education platform, social media platforms in Kiswahili, radio activations in various local languages, and the m-Service. To enhance stakeholder engagement,  >>> customer perception surveys <<<  are conducted every 2 years and an annual taxpayer\u2019s month held, which is culminated", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "customer perception surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Zambia and Zimbabwe, some portion of the data is not available in ProGres v4. Overall, more than half of refugees and asylum-seekers in Southern Africa are available in ProGres v4. For  >>> IDP data <<< , UNHCR refers to different sources. Specifically, the source of DRC's IDP figure is the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). For Mozambique and Zimbabwe is the Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) of the International Organization for Migratio", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "IDP data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **3.** **<u>Data</u>**\n\nWe draw on several data sources. First, we use self-reported data (on household and business characteristics) collected by credit officers at the time of the loan application. Second, we use  >>> administrative data <<<  with loan characteristics and client repayment histories for all study loans. The data cover 100% of clients from loan disbursement until three months past loan maturity (and 99.3% until 12 months past maturity), with loan maturity accounting for extensions due to passes. The da", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stics_**\n\nBeginning with the 57th round during July 2001 to June 2002, the nsso conducted a survey of the unorganized enterprises belonging to the service sector and this survey was repeated as part of the 63rd round of  >>> National Sample Survey <<<  (nss) during July 2006 June 2007. The 57th round covered broadly all unorganized service sector enterprises engaged in the activities of hotels and restaurants; transport, storage and communication; real estate, renting and business activities; education; health and social work ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Sample Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to gather electronic financial transaction information and in inducing voluntary tax compliance in cash\u2010 intensive business sectors. In addition, NTS established its Tax Integrated System (TIS) in 1997 to integrate all  >>> transaction data <<<  obtained from electronically traceable payments, including credit cards, debit cards, cash receipts in B2C transactions, e\u2010invoices in B2B transactions, financial income information, property transaction information, and other third\u2010party information provided by public and priva", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "transaction data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hose work is closely related to forestry.    Members of the team talked to communities adjacent to the forest reserves and information collected was consolidated.  The field staff participated fully in the collection of  >>> technical data <<< . The forest management plan (FMP) drafted by the field planning team went through a series of reviews led by NFA Headquarters until this FMP was finalized. \n\n### **Content of the Plan** \n\nThis FMP consists of Part 1 and Part 2 which are complementary in effect, offering the read", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "technical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " information: (1) national public revenue and expenditure data for the 2018/19 fiscal year, and regional education and health spending from the national income and public finance accounts of the Ministry of Finance; (2)  >>> enrollment information from the Ministry of Education <<< ; and (3) government subsidies for kerosene from the Ethiopian Petroleum Supply Enterprise and wheat from the Ethiopian Trading Businesses Corporation.\n\n## **3.2. Assumptions**\n\nOne of the assumptions in this study is about direct taxes. Though direct taxes are borne entirely by ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "enrollment information from the Ministry of Education", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ESSA assessment was carried out in accordance with World Bank guidance for the PforR lending instrument. This includes desk review, Key Informant Interviews, email and telephone exchanges, and stakeholder consultations.  >>> Data was collected from MOH relevant directorates <<<  (Hygiene", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Data was collected from MOH relevant directorates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "refugee status on a prima facie basis, while 9,800 sought asylum on an individual basis. Those arriving in Burundi and Rwanda went through individual refugee status determination. \n\n> **(13)** In the absence of official  >>> refugee statistics <<< , UNHCR is required to estimate refugee populations in many of the industrialized countries. The refugee estimate for the United States of America is currently under review, which may lead to an adjustment in future reports. \n\n**(14)** This includes 200,000 Colombians in the Boli", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "refugee statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "irms are and to what extent access to capital markets might affect firm mismatches and their dependence on the more expensive internal financing.\n\nTo obtain information on firm investments, which is not available in the  >>> Orbis database <<< , we match the SDC Platinum database on the use of capital markets with the Thomson Reuters\u2019 Worldscope database, which also contains balance sheet information for listed firms. The data\n\n> 15 Our merged data set comprises both financial and non-financial firms. The results in th", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Orbis database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **Box 1.  Nairobi: Land Cover vs Land Use \u2013Is There a Difference?**\n\n# **Land use vs Land cover**\n\nIn 2005 the Government of Nairobi released a city  >>> land use map <<<  based on the manual digitizing of 2003 aerial photos. Land was divided into many more categories than used in this study, making it difficult to compare results. For example, the land use map has land owned by universities and churches labeled as \u2018institutional\u2019. But if these in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "land use map", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conomic variables respond with a lag to policy, policy responds with a lag to public sentiment and attitudes. Therefore, we now turn to an investigation of such attitudes regarding trade and globalization. Data from the  >>> PEW Global Attitudes Surveys <<<  show that the\n\n> 8 The term was coined by H. Farrell and A. Newman (2019).\n\n10", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PEW Global Attitudes Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f Kenya are not<br>explicit on monitoring of the<br>efficacy of compensation<br>modalities to ensure<br>livelihood restoration of<br>displaced persons.|The World Bank policy however<br>requires collection of baseline<br> >>> socio-economic data <<<  as a basis<br>for monitoring the efficacy of<br>liveli", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "el. \n\n- b. Review, deliberate, and resolve grievances that could not be addressed at the community level. \n\n- c. Coordinate technical guidance and support to community-level committees and focal persons. \n\n- d. Maintain  >>> county-level grievance logs <<<  and track the progress of each case to ensure timely resolution. \n\n- e. Prepare consolidated county-level reports for submission to the national-level E&S/GRM focal persons. \n\n- f. Promote awareness of the GRM among county stakeholders and communities. \n\n- g. Monitor GRM perform", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "county-level grievance logs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he ESS is combined with tax schedules from the Ethiopian Revenue and Customs Authority with sectors in the input-output matrix (Annex 4).\n\nIn addition to survey data, we use the following administrative information: (1)  >>> national public revenue and expenditure data <<<  for the 2018/19 fiscal year, and regional education and health spending from the national income and public finance accounts of the Ministry of Finance; (2) enrollment information from the Ministry of Education; and (3) government subsidies for kerosene from the Ethiopian Petrol", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national public revenue and expenditure data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n## **Vulnerability** \n\n##### **Introduction** \n\nWelfare and poverty analyses based on household data provide a snapshot of the level of deprivation of a certain population in a particular point in time. Longitudinal or  >>> panel data <<<  are generally required to better understand the evolution of welfare and poverty over time, but these data are harder to come by or may be difficult to compare over long spans of time. \n\nAn alternative and complementary approach to the study of poverty is the study of vulnerabil", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to ensure that the mitigation and environment management measures identified and recommended through the EIA are adhered to and implemented. It is further required, under the law, that such developers keep and maintain  >>> monitoring records <<<  which should be made available during inspections and that monitoring reports should be submitted to the appropriate authorities on an annual basis. We thereby conclude by putting the condition on the developer (NFA) to ensure that periodic monitoring is carried out after implem", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "monitoring records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The study uses individual data from the  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  (DHS) which are large scale, repeated cross-sectional household surveys that use standardised questionnaires which are comparable across countries.\n\n# Intimate partner violence\n\nSince 1998 the DHS has included a standardised domestic violence module which asks women if they have", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y contributed to product creation rate rather than a growth in sales of each product.\n\n# **V. Conclusion**\n\nThis study investigates the impact of regulatory environment on the success of firms\u2019 innovative efforts. Using  >>> data from Indian manufacturing sector <<< , it focuses on a particular reform on license requirements of firms. This reform liberalized product markets in introducing new products, increasing capacities, and 16", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from Indian manufacturing sector", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ost utilities also report a breakdown of temporary staff and casual workers. Where these are not reported separately, they may not be included in the reported total, thereby underreporting full-time equivalent staff.\n\n-  >>> Customer data <<<  reported by utilities may not be accurate, particularly for utilities with poor customer management systems.\n\n# Generation assumptions used in the overstaffing analysis\n\nEfficient levels of staffing for generation were estimated based on the type and size of each generation plan", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Customer data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fellow nationals and habitual residents, without discrimination on account of their displacement. \n\nCommonly in the context of return, returnees require civil documentation or credentials and inclusion in or updating of  >>> civil registries <<< , as well as access to services. A key element for reintegration and accessing services are legally recognized documents or credentials that are a proof of legal identity including nationality (acquisition, reacquisition or confirmation of an effective nationality) or lawful resi", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "civil registries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "changes that tend to delay implementation; (b) most activities were proposed by the beneficiary institutions and ultimately selected based on either their technical feasibilities (that is, low-hanging fruits such as the  >>> population census <<< , enhancing PIB monitoring, and training program managers) or high political attention (for example, solving PIB execution bottlenecks, consolidating PFM reforms as per PM 2016 Directive, implementing 2017 SOE laws); (c) the number of beneficiaries has been limited to the extent ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "population census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "luggish price adjustments and incomplete pass-through in aggregate terms of trade indices, (ii) the higher relative accuracy of commodity prices compared to export and import deflators, and (iii) the higher frequency of  >>> commodity price data <<<  that may influence financial decisions regarding currencies of commodity exporters. In contrast to these studies, we find that real soybean prices decrease the significance of productivity differentials between agriculture and services (tradables vs nontradables).\n\n> 40 We fail ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "commodity price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the network consists of unimproved roads or tracks, and many of the gravel and earth roads serving key agricultural and tourist areas do not: provide all weather service. \n\n# B. Traffic Growth and Characteristics \n\n3.02  >>> Traffic data <<<  are collected through an officieal census taken at 60 points established throughout the road system, and mechanical traffic counts are taken regularly on the most important and heavily t;rafficked roads. These have been supplemented by traffic data collected for various studies ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Traffic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a balanced panel that adjusts for missing data and spatial factors (e.g. elevation), they suffer from some limitations for assessing weather variation at subnational level. Optimally such data would be measured based on  >>> ground station data <<< , which, however, is not readily available for all of Vietnam. The precision of the CRU data at the subnational level depends on the interpolation method and the availability of station data for the areas of interest (Dell et al., 2014). Although this is an important concern that", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "ground station data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Draft ESMF for Additional Financing for Ethiopia COVID -19 ERP \n\n >>> Temperature records <<<  must be kept for a minimum of three years, or as required by Ethiopian regulations. Storing COVID-19 vaccines correctly in a vaccine storage unit is also critical to protect the vaccine and reduce the chance of vaccine administration errors if COVID-19 vaccine is stored with oth", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Temperature records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cess and utilize health services in the same way as other communities in Kenya. However, the data cannot be used to draw statistical inferences and generalizations on behalf of the VMGs because of the limitations of the  >>> ethnographic data <<< . Secondly, the study team could not travel to Wajir and other parts of North Eastern Province due to security concerns in the region because of Al Shabaab insurgency and banditry activities at the time of the data collection. \n\n#### **8 Findings of the Study** \n\n24. This section", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "ethnographic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "te price data at the required timescale for data-driven insights and decision-making in fragile national or regional contexts.\n\nThe monthly AI-based estimates are currently generated across 36 countries, with comparable  >>> survey data <<<  available from different organizations to potentially scale up such approaches in other countries. The strong correlation between AI-estimated prices and crowdsourced data, triangulated against enumerator-led data, over an extended timeframe 12", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d the availability of station data for the areas of interest (Dell et al., 2014). Although this is an important concern that deserves further investigation, this is beyond the scope of this paper. Moreover, only monthly  >>> average rainfall and temperature data <<<  are available from CRU. Given high intra\u2010annual variations, the distribution of\n\n> 4 http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/data/hrg/\n\n5", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "average rainfall and temperature data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s o f seed cotton (for ginning) from Congo in particular, which i s attracted by relatively high seed cotton prices to farmers (given a high farmer share at some 70 percent o f export values). Although this obscures the  >>> Uganda production statistics <<<  and the project\u2019s impact, it also attests to a highly competitive", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda production statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e people had agreed to support the project and all those interviewed and consulted agreed that it is a viable intervention in the region. Subsequently the team proceeded to conduct the Socio-economic Baseline survey and  >>> census data <<<  collection. \n\n##### **(b) Fieldwork and Data collection** \n\nThe enumerators to collect socio-economic baseline survey data were selected from the local communities within the project area. This was arranged during the community mobilization meetings when local leaders were asked", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u2013 19 July 2017. The surveys were conducted as outlined in sections below. \n\n##### **8.6.1 Questionnaire Administration** \n\nQuestionnaire administration was done by enumerators on two occasions, during PAP census and the  >>> Socio-economic Baseline Survey <<< . The enumerators were recruited through the local leadership and came from RAP I study area in UgunjaWard.They were trained on how to identify the PAPs, conduct individual interviews, and inform the PAPs by giving a project brief. \n\n8-11 \n\nFinal RAP I Report \n\nApril 2018", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Socio-economic Baseline Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Carolina, Chapel Hill. The  >>> RLMS <<<  is a panel survey with annual data available starting in 1994 and is representative at the national level. Data are available through 2016 which maintained a sample size of 7,000 households. The survey includes very detailed information on health status, household expenditure an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "RLMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ash transfer programs, which is whether the \u201cright people are being paid the right amount at the right time.\u201d Irregularities could arise from three primary sources: (i) the provision or input of incomplete or inaccurate  >>> personal/household data <<<  at the point of targeting or application; (ii) any delay or leakage in payments to beneficiaries; and (iii) the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "personal/household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "icy, the Kenyan cadastre is still very in-optimal. An optimum cadastre system is necessary to ensure an efficient system of land delivery. In practical terms, this would allow not only for preparation and maintenance of  >>> cadastral information <<<  that indicates who owns what interest in land; but other details such as land capability, uses, size, distribution and topographical characteristics. \n\nThe policy also recognises the importance of local grievance resolution mechanisms and sets forward proposals for implementatio", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cadastral information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and and also those who claim assets on land they do not own/claim. \n\n- iv. Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying (i.e. informal occupants). These were recorded as part of the  >>> Cadastral & Asset survey <<< . \n\n#### **7.2.4 Cut-Off Date** \n\nAccording to OP 4.12, Cut-off date is the date the RAP census begins. Cut-off date is important because it guards against influx of people to the project area. Influx can increase the cost of compensation and need to be avoided.  Persons who encr", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Cadastral & Asset survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ments shall be subject to paragraph 5.5 of the Procurement Regulations. \n\n**_Leased Assets_** _as specified under paragraph 5.10_ of the Procurement Regulations: Leasing may be used for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<< . _\u201cNot Applicable\u201d_ \n\n**_Procurement of Second Hand Goods_** _as specified under paragraph 5.11_ of the Procurement Regulations \u2013 is allowed for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables. _\u201cNot Applicable\u201d_ \n\n**_Domestic preference_** _as specified under paragrap", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(Duvell et al, 2008) as well as whether one can obtain truthful responses to questions about this sensitive issue. As a result of these issues, while there are a few exceptions (e.g. the Mexican Migration Project), most  >>> surveys of migrants <<<  (especially in destination countries) do not ask about their legal status.\n\nOf course illegal migration is far from the only sensitive behavior of interest to social scientists, and a variety of methods have been developed to help obtain more reliable data on the incidences of t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys of migrants", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<u>Survey design: A pre-intervention baseline survey was carried out in 2007</u><sup>3</sup> . The baseline involved conducting a  >>> census of all households <<<  in the selected 200 villages, and the administration of a multi-module detailed household questionnaire to randomly sampled 15 households from each village (total of 3,000 households). The survey questionnaire was adapted from the Nepal Living Standards Survey<sup>4</sup> (NLSS)", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census of all households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "etter idea of the gender dynamics, we explore the implications of these findings by looking at individual level changes in labor market participation and at changes in income by source at the individual level for Ghana.  >>> Individual-level income data <<<  is not available for Uganda, so we show changes over time in household income. We conclude by discussing our estimates of the determinants of an individual's participation in agriculture and/or non-farm activities rounding out the story of who benefits from non-farm participatio", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Individual-level income data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "harmonized by the World Bank for other regions. These revisions of the welfare aggregate constitute the move of the  >>> SEDLAC <<<  project from version 02 to version 03.<sup>25</sup> As the revision of this project is still in process, data reported in PovcalNet are based on SEDLAC03 for most recent years and on SEDLAC-02 for previous years, with the cut-off period being generally the year 2000 (except for ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SEDLAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "er, all NPTP beneficiaries have free access to medication dispensaries located in each Social Development Center (SDC) where major medications for chronic diseases are available.  All beneficiaries are registered in the  >>> SDC dispensary database <<< . \n\n26. The payment method to the schools with enrolled NPTP beneficiaries is similar to the above.  Schools with enrolled beneficiaries fill a dedicated invoice form that includes the registered beneficiary students\u2019 names and registration cost. The Ministry of Education and Hig", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SDC dispensary database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nal legal documents. \n\n6. Observation: Site visits were conducted to verify whether planned projects were executed as stated or claimed by the ULGs. The APA team also observed the operation of some systems such as IBEX,  >>> asset and land inventory <<< , and others, so as to check whether the systems are functioning as expected or contain the required data and information. \n\n47", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "asset and land inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>been awarded<br>contracts; (iii)<br>The payroll is<br>supported by<br>full<br>documentation<br>for all changes<br>made to<br>personnel<br>records each<br>month and<br>checked<br>against the<br>previous<br>month's<br> >>> payroll data <<< .<br>Staff hiring and<br>promotion is<br>controlled by a<br>list of<br>approved staff<br>positions.|value of<br>procurement,<br>and who has<br>been awarded<br>contracts; (iii)<br>Approved staff<br>lists, personnel<br>database, and<br>payroll are<br>directly linked<br>to ensure<br", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "payroll data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ket trends looking at specific market prices, origins and trends of 16 commodities completed on November 11 (24 forms, vegetable and fruit sellers in Dadaab, Garissa, Nairobi). \n\n- n **Waste Management / Recycling VC:**  >>> Indicative household survey in Dadaab <<<  (3 locations) with 100 respondents. KIIs with key actors of the waste management and recycling industry (November 19th \u2013 November 21) along with three follow-up KIIs with private actors of the waste management and recycling industry (January 8th - 9th 2019) after ILO\u2019s initial c", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indicative household survey in Dadaab", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(2019) who compile this data-set from the site-selection magazine and various other news articles. We collect data on prices, wages, and time-use from three different sources: Data on barcode level prices comes from the  >>> IRI data <<< , an administrative dataset containing information on store-week-UPC sales and quantity information for products in 31 categories, representing roughly 15 percent of household spending in the Consumer Expenditure Survey across 7,200 department stores in the US. Data on wages, hou", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IRI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "g conditions survey, as part of the European Statistical System, is to furnish timely and comparable data on income distribution and social inclusion. The nationally representative survey delivers insights into current ( >>> cross-sectional data <<< ) and longitudinal changes in income, poverty levels, and social exclusion. The reference population for EU-SILC comprises all private households and their residents within the country's territory during the data collection period. Individuals in collective households and institu", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-sectional data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the financial sector, where reform efforts often were carried out under broader multi-sector adjustment projects, and thus are harder to identify, little empirical work has been done.<sup>3</sup> We therefore rely on a  >>> comprehensive database of financial sector reforms <<< , including both financial sector adjustment loans and multi-sector adjustment loans with financial sector components, that was recently put together by the World Bank\u2019s Operations Evaluation Department (OED).\n\nThe remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "comprehensive database of financial sector reforms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup>_the_</sup> _complete  >>> fixed asset register <<<  is separately prepared_ 2021/224 _as per circular number_<sup>_5/2020 and_</sup> _follow up reminder of circular No. 23/2 020 of The National Treasury_ \n\n42|Page \n\n(h 20", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fixed asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", organized settlements, and self-settlements according to, among other elements, their legal status, location, administration, and protection (Jacobsen 2001).  Nevertheless, instructions to UNHCR field staff requesting  >>> demographic data <<<  by location simply read: \n\n\u201cUrban\u201d refers to asylum-seekers and refugees living in urban areas", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "demographic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*Des enqu\u00eates** \n\n- Enqu\u00eate en ligne (bilingue \u2013 143 enqu\u00eates men\u00e9es, 16 pays avec > 7 r\u00e9ponses) \n\n- Questionnaire d\u00e9taill\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de 21 donateurs \n\n- Donn\u00e9es de l\u2019enqu\u00eate The State of the Humanitarian System (2012) \n\n-  >>> Donn\u00e9es de l\u2019enqu\u00eate OCHA/CAP 2012 <<<  \n\n###### **Des entretiens et des tables rondes cibl\u00e9es** \n\n- Entretiens avec des membres du Module global de la protection \n\n- Entretiens avec des experts et des chercheurs en mati\u00e8re de protection \n\n- Entretiens avec certains donateurs et tables rondes de donateurs \u00e0 Gen\u00e8ve et ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Donn\u00e9es de l\u2019enqu\u00eate OCHA/CAP 2012", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " by administrative data, surveys, census or  >>> estimated data <<< . \n\nFollowing this legal analysis, the proportion of refugees with the right to work in the host country will be estimated. The calculation may be accompanied by a qualitative summary of the restrictions on the right to work and how they have affected the estimation. Note that fo", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "estimated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Data sources**\n\nTo conduct this work, several data sets have been compiled and combined from various resources (table 1).\n\nTable 1. Data used for Somalia Enumeration Areas.\n\n|**Source**|**Data description**|\n|---|---|\n| >>> Road Data <<<  (OSM)|Lines|\n|Waterway (OSM)|Lines|\n|River (OSM)|Lines|\n|Residential area (OSM)|Part points and part polygons|\n|Building (OSM)|polygons|\n|\u2018places\u2019, \u2018hamlet\u2019, and \u2018villages\u2019 (OSM)|Points|\n|DLR Global Urban Footprint (GUF)|Binary raster|\n|BMGF/DigitalGlobe (DG) population estimate", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Road Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "each rural sample PSU--are selected using systemic sampling techniques with a random starting point.\n\nSeveral researchers who have studied the labor market in Pakistan have used the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey ( >>> PIHS <<< ) or Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement (PSLM) Survey. Here I use the LFS because: (1) the LFS data are a representative sample of the labor force; (2) the LFS asks specifically whether the individual (10 years old or above) was actively looking for a job if he/she d", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PIHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d Bank), Tim Robinson (FAO), Steven Rubinyi (World Bank), Juha Siikam \u0308aki (IUCN), Ben Stewart (World Bank), Jeffrey R. Vincent (Duke University). We appreciate the use of non-timber value data from Juha Siikam \u0308aki and  >>> ports data from Gilles Hosch <<< . The authors would like to thank the participants of conferences including: American Association of Geographers Annual Meeting 2019 in Washington, DC, 3-7 April 2019; United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Workshop on Data Integration: Realising the Potential of Statistic", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ports data from Gilles Hosch", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Tombouctou o\u00f9 plus de 20 personnes (d\u00e9l\u00e9gations politiques, pr\u00e9fets, chef de village, agents humanitaires) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enlev\u00e9s entre janvier et avril (NB : ces incidents n\u2019ont malheureusement pas tous \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9s par le  >>> syst\u00e8me de monitoring <<< , mais les informations sont parvenues au Cluster Protection via diverses sources). L\u2019\u00e9v\u00e8nement le plus saillant a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u2019enl\u00e8vement du chef de l\u2019opposition parlementaire Soumaila Cisse (URD). Il reste en captivit\u00e9 depuis plus que 60 jours. \n\n- \u2794 En comparaison avec la situation a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "syst\u00e8me de monitoring", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ented as a separate report to this Project_ \n\n#### **1.3.6. Secondary Socio-Economic Data** \n\nThis information was largely drawn from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) reports (Volume II, III and IV) of the  >>> 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census <<<  (KPHC), Nakuru County Integrated Development Plan (CDIP) 2018-2022 of 2018 and findings from field survey undertaken during Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) process within the month of December 2022. \n\n#### **1.4. Environment and Social Screening Findings** \n\nTh", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " even if the generation facility is located within the borders of a given country. The year following each country name is the reference year for countries included in the QFD analysis, or the latest year with available  >>> power purchase data <<<  for countries not included in the QFD analysis.\n\n92", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "power purchase data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of the grant. Many of these items could be provided directly by parents for their children, suggesting a high potential for substitution.\n\n# **4.3  Data**\n\nData on household expenditure on education was collected from a  >>> household survey <<<  that attempted to cover every household with a child in a treatment or comparison school and administer a short questionnaire on education expenditures on the concerned child during the previous school year.<sup>29</sup> Data on household spending was collected at three points i", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The Welfare of Syrian Refugees: Evidence from Jordan and Lebanon \n\n**68** \n\n >>> JD-HV2 data <<<  started to be collected. The top panel of table 2.5 also shows that the distribution of refugees across columns for each time period of entry is rather homogeneous, meaning that there is no particular association between time of entry and time of Home Visit. \n\nThe poverty rate o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "JD-HV2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and household characteristics and behaviors that are directly or indirectly linked to health outcomes. These links are frequently explored in empirical research based on DHS variables, or equivalent variables from other  >>> sample-based surveys <<< . Such exercises implicitly rely on a model of interdependent household utility, in which adult caretakers make decisions about food, sanitation and health treatments that will benefit themselves and children in their care, subject to limited household financial resources; cultur", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sample-based surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "exclusion and inclusion errors. In addition, public budget data is the only source allowing for sectoral breakdown. This practically means that the only recent source available, namely  >>> IMF data on Gross Fixed Capital Formation <<<  (GFCF) would be of little use here, not even considering the fact that it misses most of the private investment that dominates for example the digital sector.\n\nAlternatively, one could generate bottom-up estimates of the value of sectoral infrastructure capital stocks by taking ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IMF data on Gross Fixed Capital Formation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mically active regions or countries, measurement error is reduced.\n\n> 7 Another aspect that needs to be addressed in the characterization of hurricanes is the temporal and spatial mismatch between socioeconomic data and  >>> wind speed data <<< .  Socioeconomic data are often collected, calculated or released at an aggregate level by country or region on a yearly basis. Meanwhile, wind speed data are available at a finer resolution (1km<sup>2</sup> ) for each point in time. In the case of the GDP analysis (section 3), i", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "wind speed data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing a personal ID number \u201c _or other unique identifier_ \u201d and the customer\u2019s photograph.<sup>25</sup> The Circular provides a list of examples of accepted ID documents: a passport, identification card, residence permit,  >>> social security records <<< , or driver\u2019s license.<sup>26</sup> Thus it does not exclude the IDs held by refugees and asylum-seekers (as those could be included within the reference to an \u201cidentification card\u201d), but does not explicitly recognize them either. \n\nNeither refugees nor asylum-seekers in **Somali", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "social security records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l work experience by age minus schooling minus 5. As we explained in the paper, this is inappropriate in the Cote d'Ivoire context. It is preferable to rely on the two direct measures of work experience available in the  >>> CILSS <<<  (of which VV use only one). Lastly, W's earnings equations do not control for location. Our finditgs indicate that this is an important omission.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CILSS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and 0 otherwise. Family background is measured by father\u2019s years of schooling. The Inverse Probability Weighting (IPW) estimates are calculated using 1975 district level density interacted with time trend. Data sources:  >>> Indonesia\u2019s full count census 2000 <<< , IFLS and IFLS-East. 69", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Indonesia\u2019s full count census 2000", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_sion Line Routes_ \n\nOption 3 _Projected Substations_ \n\n132/33 kV Substation \n\n_- ESRI,  >>> World Street Map <<<  - MapLibrary, Africa World_ 0 6,5 13 km ARC 1960 - UTM 36N **Map 4 January 2016** \n\n_131_25275_00_ESM4_010_Option3_160121.mxd_", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Street Map", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a daunting task and marred by several challenges. For example, targeting of social protection programs and beneficiaries during a pandemic was difficult, especially in the African context where population registers and  >>> administrative data <<<  are rarely available. Social protection programs in Africa are characterized by their rural focus and limited size of transfers (e.g., Beegle et al., 2018). Thus, identifying the role of social protection policies and lessons learned in delivering social safety nets in Africa du", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "jects. It also did not bring out in reitidc term the enormous difficulties the country and the fincial ons were likely to fce in implemenIng the projecL \n\n12.03 Most of the data for PCR preparon was readily avaW le from  >>> IDA files <<< . The rmainn was provided by UDB and UCB, but the data provided by them wetm not always \n\n13. isos Learned \n\n12.04 Ihe tesults of the project are mixed. WhUi the objewve of rhabilating a munber of indusa projects was achieved by provid resources for import of plant and machney an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IDA files", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts of the Wald Tests in Table 5 indicate that the equality of the\n\n> 29 One exception is a study by Braunstein and Brenner (2007) which compares the foreign wage premiums by gender in urban China in 1995 and 2002. Using  >>> province-level macro data and household survey data <<<  for 1995 and 2002, Braunstein", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "province-level macro data and household survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ication and analysis** \n\n## **3.1. Methodology** \n\nData to prepare this document are collected from five region and one city administration through stakeholders\u2019 consultations, key informant interviews, and desk review.  >>> Field data from sample regions and a city administration <<<  were collected by MOE\u2019s professionals. The sources of the field data were school communities, local communities, and selected regional bureaus and woreda offices.  The experiences of the stakeholders in environmental and social risks on previous WB financed projects which are si", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Field data from sample regions and a city administration", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "professional and transparent manner upon verification of the complainant\u2019s identity through  >>> databases linked to the system <<< . \n\n40. **Code of ethics for public servants.** All state bodies, including ministries, departments, and IPUs, follow the code of ethics for public servants. In general, the code of ethics sets rules of behavior for employees and aims to strengthen public confidence in the profes", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "databases linked to the system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " net for the poor in<br>selected rural areas<br>Post<br>DRT11CISAI17002 /<br>Op\u00e9rateur de saisie : saisie<br>des  >>> fiches de pr\u00e9sence <<<  et<br>traitement sur MIS<br>IDA / 57080<br>Component 1: Building a<br>safety net for the poor in<br>selected rural areas<br>Post<br>DRT11CISAI17003 /<br>Op\u00e9rateur de saisie : saisie<br>des fiches de pr\u00e9sence et<br>traitement sur MIS<br>IDA / 57080<br>Component 1: Building a<br>s", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fiches de pr\u00e9sence", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e incentivos monetarios a los individuos semilla para que recluten a sus semejantes. \n\nA cada nueva persona que ingresa al Mediante este proceso se sistema se le ofrece un incentivo por llenar reclutan a las personas la  >>> encuesta <<< , y adicionalmente, se les necesarias para el motiva para que recluten a m\u00e1s personas. levantamiento de informaci\u00f3n. \n\n\n\nOBTENCI\u00d3N DE", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "encuesta", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hat inadequate. The annual work plans produced by the individual cost centers lacked prioritization. There is no data to monitor project impact and, absence of accounting staff at PMSU has contributed to the scarcity of  >>> project level financial data <<< . \n\n### **Lessons Learnt** \n\n- 9.6 The major findings and lessons which have been learnt from implementing this project are: \n\n   - (a) simplification of project design and management (a feature attributed to this project in the SAR) may not necessarily produce better results, an", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "project level financial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Data Source: IOM-  >>> Displacement Tracking matrix <<<  - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Displacement Tracking matrix", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nditions de Vie des M\u00e9nages|\n|Nigeria|2018-2019|Living Standards Survey|\n|Senegal|2018-2019|Enqu\u00eate Harmonis\u00e9e sur le Conditions de Vie des M\u00e9nages|\n|South Africa|2017|National Income Dynamics Study|\n|Tanzania|2017-2018| >>> Household Budget Survey <<< |\n|Togo|2018-2019|Enqu\u00eate Harmonis\u00e9e sur le Conditions de Vie des M\u00e9nages|\n|Uganda|2012-2013|Uganda National Panel Survey|\n\nWe exclude gender from the list of circumstances because the outcome, consumption, is measured at the household level and does not capture within-household ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "have steadily increased their investment in education, albeit starting from a low level.\n\n> 9 OECD Education at a Glance 2011.  Population with at least upper secondary education (2009)- Year of reference is 2002.\n\n> 10  >>> OECD Family database <<< .   Educational Achievement expressed in average number of years in formal education (2004), Year of reference is 2003. Available online: <u>http://www.oecd.org/document/4/0,3746,en_2649_34819_37836996_1_1_1_1,00.html.  Data accessed: June</u> 15, 2012.\n\n9", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD Family database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### **3 RAP 3 METHODOLOGY** \n\nThe preparation of Resettlement Action Plan (RAP 3) entailed verification of PAPs, the affected assets, the  >>> socio-economic baseline data <<<  of the PAPs, the scope and the magnitude of the social impacts to be borne by the PAPs and design of an appropriate RAP that will provide social safeguard and compensation measures to effectively remedy the impacts of involuntary resettlement on the livelihoods of the PAPs. The ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tandards; even then, many reports are qualified. PEs themselves often cannot supply adequate data and are not required to respond effectively or quickly when their accounts are unsatisfactory. Without adequat and timely  >>> accounting data <<< , it is very difficult for DGIPE to act effectively as owner of PEs, As PEs are now expected to operate in a more commercial environment, and compete with private sector firms, the long term objective is for them to compete on a level playing field, and be audited in an equivalen", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "accounting data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cs for both two-stage methods. From the 2SLS results, Olea and Pflueger\u2019s (2013) weak instrument test \u2014which can handle the use of non i.i.d. standard errors, such as the clustered standard errors required by the use of  >>> complex survey data <<< \u2014strongly rejects the null of a weak instrument with one endogenous regressor.<sup>39</sup> However, only the LM Kleibergen-Paap rank statistic for NOWAGE suggests at any level of confidence (and even then weakly with a p-value=0.099) that\n\n> 38 Survey-weighted; age of business 2", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "complex survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### daTa SOurCES \n\nIn some countries, information on legally recognized documents and credentials can be obtained through official sources of national statistics, including census data and household surveys such as the  >>> Demographic and Health Surveys <<<  (DHS) and the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). In addition, there are other relevant sources such as the World Bank\u2019s Identity for Development Global Dataset (http://id4d.worldbank. <u>org/global-dataset) and the Global Findex Database (https://globalfindex.worldbank.o", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Demographic and Health Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for review and follow\u2010up of overdue accounts; \n\n   - Detailed inventory records, which should be reconciled to periodic physical counts and at the end of each accounting period to the general ledger balance; and \n\n   -  >>> Detailed fixed asset records <<< , which should be reconciled to periodic physical counts and to the general ledger balance. \n\n8. **Reporting requirements.** The PMU will be responsible for preparing the following financial reports. These statements must be prepared in accordance with international financial rep", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Detailed fixed asset records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "principios se\u00f1alados en el Art\u00edculo 4 de la presente Ley. \n\n###### **ART\u00cdCULO 26.- UNIDAD DE REGISTRO E INFORMACI\u00d3N.** \n\nLa Direcci\u00f3n a trav\u00e9s de Unidad de Registro e Informaci\u00f3n, tendr\u00e1 a su cargo la administraci\u00f3n del  >>> Registro \u00danico de Personas Desplazadas Forzadamente <<<  **(RUPDEF)** , el cual llevar\u00e1 un registro de las personas, las unidades familiares y las comunidades objeto de atenci\u00f3n dentro del Sistema. Este registro permitir\u00e1 tanto la identificaci\u00f3n de las personas beneficiarias, como el seguimiento de la respuesta ofrecida por el Estado ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Registro \u00danico de Personas Desplazadas Forzadamente", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uced by Restuccia and Rogerson (2013).\n\n> 8 For a more exhaustive description of the resource misallocation literature, see Hopenhayn (2014), Jones (2011), Restuccia and Rogerson (2013), and references therein.\n\n> 9 The  >>> WBES data on corruption and bribery <<<  have reliability problems, but they are the only source of such data available, to my knowledge. Due to their illegal nature, it is difficult to obtain data on corruption and bribery. Data on lobbying activity (a \u201clegal\n\n6", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WBES data on corruption and bribery", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".5 NOTES** TO **THE** FINANCIAL **STATEMENTS** (continued) \n\n## **3.5.2.5** Non-current assets \n\nIn accordance with lenders requirements, purchase of fixed assets is expensed<sup>onacquisition.Theofficemaintainsan</sup>  >>> asset register <<<  that tracks all project fixed assets. \n\n## **3.5.2.6** Foreign currency transactions and balances \n\nThe financial statements are presented in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) and United States Dollars **(USD).** Transactions are mainly incurred in ETB (functional currency). Funds are transf", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f access to the internet by education groups estimated for each country from other data sources, in our specification _A_ is the actual availability of internet in the household, a piece of information available in most  >>> national household surveys <<< .<sup>8</sup>\n\n> 8 Argentina and Ecuador are the only countries in our sample that do not have information on internet access. In these cases, we randomly imputed internet access based on the percentage of", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "CHNS and the 2008 CHARLS pilot; Indonesia: 2007 Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS); Korea: 2006 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA); United States: 2008 Health and Retirement Survey (HRS); United Kingdom: 2008/9  >>> English Longitudinal Study of Ageing <<<  (ELSA).\n\n32", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "English Longitudinal Study of Ageing", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of 2013 the refugee population had grown to 433,900 \u2013 the eighth largest refugee population in the world. \n\nKenya was host to 534,900 refugees at year-end, a decrease of 30,000 per- \n\n> **(16)** A significant number of  >>> registration records of Syrian refugees <<<  were inactivated either as a result of a physical move of individuals from camps to urban or rural areas, or as a result of spontaneous departures from Jordan either to the Syrian Arab Republic or onwards to a third country. \n\n**14** UNHCR Global Trends 2013", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "registration records of Syrian refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nvironment and Health Care Waste Management Plan (EHCWMP), and a Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) have been prepared.  These documents have been disclosed in-country in the E&SED and Health Department websites and on  >>> WB\u2019s ImageBank <<< . \n\n## **(i) Environmental Safeguards** \n\n73. **The rehabilitation and upgradation of health care and education facilities involves minor civil works that will lead to temporary environmental impacts** including deteriorating air quality due to the generation of dust and noise, g", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WB\u2019s ImageBank", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Waugh (2013), Young (2013), Herrendorf & Schoellman (2015)). The measurement of labor inputs in this paper abstracts from differences in hours worked, human capital and talent across sectors due to the unavailability of  >>> time series data <<< . Given the\n\n> 2The estimates of distortions for the most recent decade are available for 84 countries. There is a large variation in GDP per capita across this sample with the country at 90<sup>th</sup> percentile being 15 multiples richer than the country at 10<sup>th</sup> per", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "time series data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The fi rm level data used is the  >>> Brazilian investment climate survey <<<  collected by the World Bank in 2002.<sup>46</sup> The criteria used for the sample selection was the representativeness of the population in the speci fi ed industrial and regional categories, and diversity in the fi rm size. To account for these considerations a random sample w", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Brazilian investment climate survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ":  >>> Encuesta de Hogares <<< , 2000\n\n> 2 Despite the above shortcomings, it should be noted that the Colombian formal education system expanded greatly during the last two decades. According to the World Development Indicators 2002, preschool gross enrollment grew from 11 percent in 1985 to 35 percent in 199", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Encuesta de Hogares", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n by Government, the Bank and other partners to analyze poverty and social impacts o f policies, including the PSIAs on the abolition o f user fees in health clinics (2004) and on the Strategic Exports Program (2003). A  >>> comprehensive poverty assessment <<<  has been undertaken in 2006 for the period 1992/3-2002/3. A PSIA on lands in Northern Uganda is being conducted jointly by the Ministry o f Lands and the World Bank. **_An_** ongoing PSIA on local government taxation i s expected to shed light on the impacts o f different option", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "comprehensive poverty assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to the governments and public in destination countries especially in times of economic anxiety and high unemployment levels. They are also relatively easy to measure by statistical agencies of the host countries through  >>> censuses <<< , population and labor force surveys. On the other hand emigrants are much less visible to governments of their birth countries and less known to the general public. There is no mandatory registration for those who leave a country, they are dispersed in many receiving countries a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lic investment, but this decomposition is not available for many country-years in the WEO database.\n\n48 GRP is a comprehensive dataset that contains data on resource revenue for 69 countries from five different sources:  >>> OECD Revenue Statistics <<< , OECD Latin American Tax Statistics, IMF Government Finance Statistics, IMF Article IV Staff Reports, and CEPALSTAT Revenue Statistics in Latin", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "OECD Revenue Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pment Indicators database (March, 2015). \n\n2. The terms case and household as well as principal applicant and household head are used interchangeably. However, data for Jordan refer to case and principal applicant while  >>> data for Lebanon <<<  refer to household and household head. \n\n3. These differences could also stem from the fact that ages are taken from LB-VASyR and LB-Verif data in the case of Lebanon while PG data were used in the case of Jordan. \n\n4. It should be noted that certain variables were not available", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for Lebanon", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "urces suivantes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9r\u00e9es pour obtenir ces informations : \n\n- Donn\u00e9es de la Banque mondiale sur la Mauritanie<sup>1</sup> \n\n- Rapport sur la situation de l\u2019emploi du Secteur Informel en Mauritanie bas\u00e9 sur les  >>> donn\u00e9es de l\u2019ENESI 2017 <<< <sup>2</sup> \n\n- Rapport final sur l\u2019enqu\u00eate MICS 2015<sup>3</sup> \n\n- Rapport final sur l\u2019enqu\u00eate EDSM 2021<sup>4</sup> \n\nTroisi\u00e8mement, la d\u00e9sagr\u00e9gation de base pour de nombreux r\u00e9sultats sur les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9e selon quatre caract\u00e9ristiques d\u00e9mographiques cl\u00e9s : (i) l", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es de l\u2019ENESI 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "riff rate for sector 7, imports, is derived from CIEHEX-WHARTON (1986) Tables 8, 9, 15.\n\n23/ See CIENEX-WHARTON (1986),'Table 15; Sistema de Cuentas Consolidates de la Nacion (1985), Table 26; (1986), Table 41.\n\n24/ See  >>> Sistema de Cuentas Consolidades de la Nacion <<< , Table 5.\n\n25/ See Sistema de Cuentas Consolidades de la Nacion (1985), Tables 3, 5-9; (1986) Table 21.", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Sistema de Cuentas Consolidades de la Nacion", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Isabel Medina Lopez, Aditi Guha and Morgan Usen, and support in obtaining the data from Dipendra Das and Cyriac George, as well as Eswaran Jagadeesh and Anupama at ICRISAT. Michael Norton at the World Bank generated the  >>> travel time data set <<<  using scanned maps provided by Treb Allen. We are grateful to Sanjay Jain, AV Chari, Shingyi Wang, Laura Schechter, Anukriti, Rachel Heath, Adriana Kugler, Ira Gang, Cory Smith, Amrit Amirapu, Agyris Sakalis, Larry Blume and seminar participants at the 2019 AAEA, 2021 16th Annua", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "travel time data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ore detail once the new national household survey is available.** The new household survey data will be used to: (i) reflect the rate of return of the investments; and (ii) estimate \n\n54 Including operational costs \n\n55  >>> ASPIRE data base <<<  \n\n> 56 Varghese, Vasudeva, Sarang. 2021. \n\n> 57 Pathways out of extreme poverty. The World Bank. 2021 \n\n58 Premand and Bossuroy (2020) \n\nPage 49 of 86", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ASPIRE data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|**Issue**<br>**#**|**Issue**|**Action**|**Responsible**<br>**Party**|**Deadline**|**Status**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||(iv) The  >>> PSNP-4 midline survey <<< <br>captures key questions on the<br>implementation of the off-farm<br>and employment pathway|LICU/FSCD|June 2018|On Progress|\n|3<br>**Output**<br>**Output**<br>**Fi**|There<br>is<br>inadequate<br>compliance of livelihoods<br>business plans with the<br>Environmental and Social<br", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PSNP-4 midline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " expenditure (66.6 percent). This is typical of  >>> household surveys <<<  in developing and emerging economies, so much so that expenditure is usually used as the best proxy for income, which is what we do in this chapter. However, even if income is under-reported, the average income per capita for positive values is JD 65.23 per month, not far from t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l solving<br>to national level GRC|\n|National Level GRC|\u2022<br>\u2022<br>\u2022<br>\u2022<br>\u2022|Ensure grievance redress processes are developed and functional<br>Sensitize GRCs at all levels on their roles and responsibilities<br>Ensure  >>> complaints registers <<<  are up to date<br>Follow up on complaints that have been directed to the national level<br>Monitor implementation of resolutions made by GRCs at all levels|\n\n\n\n51", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "complaints registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " been explained to them. The treatment group typically received their loan around a month after being informed of their status. \n\n# **4 Sample and data** \n\nIn total 357 women showed interest in the loan product over the  >>> baseline survey <<<  period. The volume of applicants increased steadily, after dedicated staff at the MFI were trained to promote the WEDP-X product among women business owners who were seeking a loan but lacked access to collateral. All 357 applicants completed a psychometric test on a tablet, fol", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " additional funds are required. \n\n14. **Several important gaps were noted and relevant actions agreed as provided in Annex 3.** The budget allocation of KShs 5.5 billion has not yet been broken down by components in the  >>> IFMIS <<< ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pted to survey these respondents in 2011 before we started a tagging and tracking exercise in 2016. The 2011 survey was conducted at the household level, and we collected information about individual respondents through  >>> household rosters <<< . In 2016, we were interested in tracking individuals.\n\nThe first step in the tagging and tracking process was to go back to the latest addresses we had for these respondents\u2019 households. We could not locate the households of 285 respondents (Table A1). 79% of those we could not ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household rosters", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " number of local and international operators.  Delivery delays were experienced for some activities, including: (i) dissemination of the tourism policy; (ii) support for zonal tourism plans; and, (iii) strengthening the  >>> tourism statistical database system <<< .  It should be noted that a number of these activities also complemented extensive EU support, which has taken the lead in the tourism sector.  The overall performance is regarded as SATISFACTORY (S). \n\n**_Strengthen Tourism Training Capacity_** :  All of the activities contempl", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "tourism statistical database system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " July 2021; World Bank. \n\n> 36 Ministry of Public Works, 2020 road classification. \n\n> 37 Source: National Institute of Statistics 2021 report on the status of Sustainable Development Goal indicators in Cameroon. \n\n> 38  >>> Data for 2017 <<< , from the Integrated Strategy for Multimodal Transport Infrastructure ( _Strat\u00e9gie Int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des Infrastructures de Transports Multimodal, S2ITM_ ) \n\nPage 20 of 82", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "Data for 2017", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd The Land Act 2012 provides that people eligible for of access) of affected lands are (b) those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time compensation are those holding land tenure rights included in the  >>> census survey <<<  and the census begins but have a claim to such land or assets\u2014 all compensation for loss of assets <u>provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the</u> will be at replacement value \n\n11", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "In this paper, we use data from  >>> nationally-representative household surveys <<<  that were conducted in Cambodia, Ethiopia, Malawi and Tanzania over the period 2016-2020 with support from the World Bank Living Standards and Measurement Study-Plus (LSMS+) program and that conducted intra-household, private interviews with adult household members regarding ass", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationally-representative household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and bill collection losses. The correlation coefficient of 0.68 is significant using a 1-percent test. This may suggest that operational inefficiencies tend to be pervasive rather than found in isolated pockets.\n\n# 6.3  >>> Utility staffing\n\nStaffing data <<<  were available in 36 countries. There are at least several important dimensions to consider with respect to utility staffing, including staff numbers, staff skills, attendance (reporting to work), and salaries and benefits. A utility may appear overstaffed, but if many staff mem", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Utility staffing\n\nStaffing data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e extent to w<br>nned for March 2020 however<br>are suspended until March 202<br>covid19. However, data was co<br>on the impact evaluation report.|g Survey was<br>hich the evaluation<br>due to the onset of the<br>1. The  >>> endline survey <<< <br>llected between April|\n\n\n\nInstitutional support to strengthen systems for the rural productive safety net \n\n# <u><mark>IN01086941</mark></u> \n\n\u25ba% of sampled rural safety net kebeles with", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "endline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rs between 3.6 and 4.2 million workers from the Mexican states that share a border with the United States.\n\nIn order to produce a data set that did not violate the confidentiality of the information, IMSS staff provided  >>> data on worker-firm pairs <<< . That is, we received data on the employment and wage history of a person while he or she remained at the same firm. If a person moves to a new firm, the new worker-firm pair is coded with an entirely new identifier. We therefore cannot follow a person over time when she changes", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on worker-firm pairs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "at cut across both national and county governments. \n\n11. **Service delivery standards are not uniformly prescribed to define how data should be collected, and the sources/county systems to collect disaggregated data.**  >>> Project investment data <<<  is also not available. This poses challenges in measuring performance on service delivery and reduces visibility on county public investments. \n\n<u>Transparency, Participation, Accountability and Oversight</u> \n\n12. **The basic provisions and mechanisms for transparency and part", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Project investment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Data Source: IOM-  >>> Displacement Tracking matrix <<<  - http://iomiraq.net/dtm-page as of 1 Sept 2014", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Displacement Tracking matrix", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ther benefits to the worker.\n\n# **Data sources**\n\n# _Data on informal enterprises_\n\nStatistics Indonesia maintains several datasets used to study Indonesia's informal sector. These are: (i) the Economic Census; (ii) the  >>> Survey of Micro and Small Enterprises <<<  ( _Survei Industri Mikro Kecil_ or IMK); and (iii) the Survey of Medium and Large Manufacturing Firms ( _Survei Tahunan Perusahaan Industri Pengolahan Besar dan Sedang_ or Manufacturing Survey). Complementing these main data sources are the World Bank Enterprise Surveys (WBES) a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey of Micro and Small Enterprises", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing communitywide sanitation status. The mission found that some counties need technical support and capacity-building in ODF elimination methods like community led total sanitation and market-based sanitation training.  >>> K-WASH data <<<  reporting should be harmonized with the MoH", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "K-WASH data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t et al. 2013; Herrmann, Anyamba, and Tucker 2005; Knauer et al. 2014; Spiekermann, Brandt, and Samimi 2015). But the use of remote sensing monitoring systems in the region has been sluggish. Availability and quality of  >>> land-use data <<<  have therefore been limited due to limited agricultural production, technical challenges, and slow adoption of remote sensing monitoring systems.</mark> Despite its relevance for human development and poverty alleviation, there is a lack of basic information on the distribution ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "land-use data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>Post|Direct Selection<br>|Direct|1,067.50|0.00<br>Canceled<br>2017-07-<br>18|2017-07-<br>26||2017-09-<br>01||2017-10-<br>01||\n|<br>contrat)<br>DRT12CISAI17001 /<br>Op\u00e9rateur de saisie :<br>charg\u00e9 de la saisie des<br> >>> donn\u00e9es du TMDH sur MIS <<< <br>(coresponsabilit\u00e9s, mise \u00e0<br>jour)<br>IDA / 57080<br>Component 1: Building a<br>safety net for the poor in<br>selected rural areas<br>Post<br>DRT12CISAI17002 /<br>Op\u00e9rateur de saisie :<br>|Individual<br>Consultant<br>Selection<br><br>|Limited|3,483.87|5,275.68<br>Completed<b", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es du TMDH sur MIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a on what parents state (which may differ from the true belief) when asked about relative returns to education in a survey are also not available in the major data sets we are aware of in India (such as NSS, IHDS, REDS,  >>> NHSF <<< ) and China (CHIP, CFPS, CHNS). The only data set we are aware of is the Gansu Survey of Children and Families in China. An analysis of the Gansu survey shows that about 55 percent of mothers disagree that returns to education (in terms of higher income) are higher for sons. We a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NHSF", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "thin death information treatment arms and 0.48 for comparisons within wage information treatment arms. Detailed results available on request.\n\n> 19Results available upon request.\n\n> 20The closest to this approach is the  >>> Nepal Migration Survey <<<  of 2009 conducted by the The World Bank (2011), which asked household members about the earnings of the foreign migrants. It also asked the returnees the actual earnings they made during their migration episode. Other than the fact that this data was collected almost six years a", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Nepal Migration Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ons of warfare taking place along the Ugandan-Rwandan border. Due to security concerns, 44 rural sectors in the provinces of Byumba and Ruhengeri in northern Rwanda were excluded from the sample frame at the outset. The  >>> 2000 RDHS <<<  builds on the listing of enumeration areas outlined for another household survey, the _Enqu\u00eate Int\u00e9grale sur les Conditions de Vie des M\u00e9nages_ (EICV) collected in 2000, as no other population records were available at the time. The sampling frame of the EICV itself is based on ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2000 RDHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ars are a manageable problem. However, a number of serious shortcomings remain: surpluses from housing and water accounts are now being used by local authorities to subsidize other services; tax structures are poor; the  >>> rate (property tax) rolls <<<  are out of date with inadequate provision for updating; and rates in general, especially rates on commercial property, are too low relative to average incomes and the cities' fiscal needs. This results in persistently inadequate provision for maintenance and for investment in so", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "rate (property tax) rolls", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "any analysis on the topic. Databases such as the WIOD or  >>> GTAP <<< , which are widely used for general equilibrium counterfactual analysis such as the one performed here, do not contain data for the CEFTA countries. The databases generally list the CEFTA countries in regional aggregates.<sup>13</sup> Constructing a general equilibrium model of t", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GTAP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ensure that its objectives, intended beneficiaries, and the selection process are clearly communicated.  The project also builds on early lessons on targeting from the PFS, as well as lessons on the establishment of the  >>> Unified Social Registry <<< , methods for registration, payment systems, and grievance redress mechanisms. Finally, the project draws on global evidence suggesting that the combination of cash plus accompanying measures tends to be the most effective way to incentivize the use of services while smoothing co", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Social Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "een NPTP and WFP. The Household Registry statement includes the NPTP household registration number, the family size, the date of birth of the family head, gender of the household head, and relevant distribution SDC. The  >>> NPTP beneficiary file <<<  is imported into", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NPTP beneficiary file", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Finally, the  >>> household-level panel data <<<  provide an opportunity for further analysis over time which may help us understand changes in poverty dynamics and for further counterfactual analysis of the outcomes reported in this paper. As such, a continuation of the survey methodology and of the impact evaluation analysis ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household-level panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " are vulnerable even before being subjected to an economic shock. Since NPLs were low before the global financial crisis, it can be argued that banks knew something about some of these households that is not captured by  >>> household budget surveys <<< . It follows that the calculations in this paper should primarily focus on the increased vulnerability of households as a result of shocks and are likely to represent an upper bound to the financial stability risks faced by Croatia on account of household indebtedness.\n\nThis pape", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household budget surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "---|\n|**Armenia**|Integrated Living Conditions Survey|2016|PoP often missing|\n|**Bosnia & Herzegovina**| >>> Household Budget Survey <<< |2007|PoP asked as a purchasing habit|\n|**El Salvador**|Encuesta de Hogares de Propositos Multiples|2010|PoP often missing; limited product categories|\n|**The Gambia**|Integrated Household Survey|2003|No Data access to PoP|\n|**Gerogia**|Integrated Household Survey|2018|Limited pr", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "24. The CT-OVC has its own separate and stand-alone finance module in the MIS that is used for all program-specific accounting and financial reporting (in addition to  >>> IFMIS <<< ). An FM consultant prepares reports by exporting the information to MS Excel and formatting it to meet the quarterly reporting requirements of the World Bank.<sup>7</sup> For the HSNP, all accounting and financial reporting has been carried out under the guidance of the UK Depar", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tutes about 3 percent of the population.\n\n2 Sample PSUs is drawn with probability proportional to size method.\n\n3 Enumeration blocks are defined as 200-250 households on average with well-defined boundaries and maps.\n\n4  >>> PSLM2004/2005 <<<  uses a slightly different employment module than PIHS2001/2002 and PIHS2005/2006. This makes the trend analysis difficult to interpret.\n\n5 Casual wage workers include casual paid employees, workers paid a piece rate or according to the work performed, and paid non-family apprent", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PSLM2004/2005", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "displacement is not considered to be protracted because  >>> disaggregated data <<<  on South Sudan is only available from the country\u2019s independence in 2011.\n\nAddressing some of these methodological issues produces an estimate of average duration that is lower than those published by UNHCR. A recent study by Devictor and Do, \u201cHow many years do refugees spend in", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "neral Government Total Expenditure, Percent of GDP\u201d (GGEY), \u201cGross Domestic Product, Current National Prices\u201d (NGDP), and \u201cInflation, Average Consumer Prices\u201d (CPI) from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) World\n\n> 46  >>> Commodity export data <<<  are taken from the UN Comtrade Database. See Appendix Table 1 for details on commodity exports for each of the 56 countries included in the sample.\n\n34", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Commodity export data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fourth quarter of 2020\u2019s Quarterly Report of the Sri Lanka Labor Force Survey covering up to 25,750 households, and from the  >>> T\u00fcrkiye Household labor force survey <<<  covering 58,560 households for each quarter.</mark><sup>16</sup> <mark>The comparative data are drawn based on whether data are available in the same month as an online survey wave, or within one month before or after. The exception is T\u00fcrkiye for which the comparative household", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "T\u00fcrkiye Household labor force survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " The log also contains a record of the person responsible for an individual complaint, and records dates for the following events: \n\n- _Date the complaint was reported;_ \n\n- _Date the grievance log was uploaded onto the  >>> project database <<< ;_ \n\n- _Date information on proposed corrective action sent to complainant (if appropriate);_ \n\n- _The date the complaint was closed out; and_ \n\n- _Date response was sent to complainant._ \n\n## **_Monitoring Complaints_** \n\nThe Project Liaison Officer will be responsible for: \n\n- ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "project database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "was made available with thanks to the Zambian Ministry of Health and Mazyanga Mazaba liwewe, Prof Victor Mukonka, Prof Nathan Kapata and Dr Muzala Kapina from the Zambian National Institute of Public Health (ZNPHI). The  >>> household water and sanitation survey data <<<  collection was made possible with then Field Coordinators Sensio Banda and Gertrude Namitala; survey firms Fibonacci Engineering and Palm Associates.\n\nFrom inside the", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household water and sanitation survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Statistical Agency (CSA). Woreda-level poverty rates are based on small area estimation of poverty levels.<sup>8</sup> Data has been collected for all of Ethiopia\u2019s woredas,<sup>9</sup> as delineated at the time of the  >>> 2007 census <<< . The database includes information on expenditures by sector", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2007 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts and Qualitative Inquiry: A Methodological Tool Kit** \n\nTo maximize the time spent in the field from June-August 2014, the research was divided into two month-long periods. The first phase focused on the collection of  >>> quantitative data <<<  and the second on qualitative. While collected separately, the two pieces were triangulated to provide greater overall accuracy (Denzin, 1970). \n\nTo limit the scope of the research, which was conducted under time and resource constraints, the decision was", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quantitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s may better irrigate their lands. If irrigation is not observed, the estimated impact of drought on consumption declines may be upwardly biased.\n\nThese sources of estimation bias are difficult to take into account with  >>> cross-sectional data <<< . However, as proposed in Datt and Hoogeveen (2003), a potential solution is the use of instrumental variables (IV", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross-sectional data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "aset that contains data on resource revenue for 69 countries from five different sources: OECD Revenue Statistics, OECD Latin American Tax Statistics, IMF Government Finance Statistics, IMF Article IV Staff Reports, and  >>> CEPALSTAT Revenue Statistics <<<  in Latin", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "CEPALSTAT Revenue Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ld be one of the driving forces behind the low per capita GDP as well as the low borrowing rates in this region.\n\nAlthough it is difficult to glean any other causes behind low usage of formal financial services from the  >>> Gallup survey <<< , another potential candidate is \u201ctrust.\u201d The trust explanation is closely related to the problem of corrupt institutions that we just discussed. There are two ways in which trust, or social capital, can have an impact on the adoption of microfinance. Under the first mechanism, w", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Gallup survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rt questionnaires. The short module used in our survey experiment reflects the approach followed by more concise surveys used in many low\u2010income countries, such as the Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire (CWIQ) and the  >>> Welfare Monitoring Surveys <<<  (WMS), as well as other surveys listed in Table 1.\n\nSpecifically, the detailed module contains three questions at the start to determine employment status, namely, (i) whether the person has worked for someone outside the household (as an employee), (ii) whether s/he has worked ", "tier": "tier2_declaration", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Welfare Monitoring Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "health standards; and changes in access to markets or roads \u2013 all of which may reflect overall improvements in standards of living. \n\nThe following methods will be used for measuring impacts: \n\n- (i) Questionnaires with  >>> data stored in a database <<<  for comparative analysis  (before-after and with-without); \n\n- (ii) Documentation and recording of PAPs situation, including subsequent uses of assets/improvements; \n\n- (iii) Relocation/resettlement and Compensation Reports, including status of  land impacts; percentage of indiv", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data stored in a database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r and vulnerability specific indicators, and monitoring reports will present data disaggregated by gender and vulnerability. To effectively monitor project impacts on VMGs, the baseline data for the project will include  >>> data on representative VMGs\u2019 households <<< . The socioeconomic baseline indicators will be used for measuring the outcomes and impacts on vulnerable communities. The M&E mechanisms adopted for the project will ensure that in addition to process and outcome indicators, appropriate impact indicators are defined related spec", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on representative VMGs\u2019 households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l milestones. The indicator will measure progress against these annual milestones. The<br>entities are: CCD,NEMA,TNT&P,MODA,CoG,MLSP,KMD,KWS,and MoWS&I. The targets are annual.|\n|---|---|\n|Frequency|Annual|\n|Data source| >>> Semi Annual Progress reports <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Comparison of average rates of progress against set annual milestones|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|TNT&P PIU|\n\n\n\n# **Monitoring & Evaluation Plan:** \n\n## <u>Intermediate Results Indicators by Results Areas</u> \n\n\n\n|Results Area||\n|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Semi Annual Progress reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on||||2021-05-08||||2021-07-03||2021-12-30||\n|KE-KILIFI COUNTY-192830-<br>NC-RFQ / Printing of<br>Community Based Information<br>tools,  MOH100 (Community<br>referral form),  MOH 513<br>( >>> Household register <<< )  MOH<br>514 (Logbook Daily activity<br>reporting tool) MOH 515<br>(CHEW Summary) and the<br>Communication Strategy<br>Document|IDA / 58360|Improving Primary Health<br>Care Results|Post<br> <br>|Request for<br>Quotations|Limited|Single Stage - One<br>Envelope||27,487.50|0.00<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of 400 nurses from arid and semi-arid counties, at the Kenya Medical Training College is ongoing.   The Project is supporting implementation of the service delivery indicators (SDI) targeting 3,281 health facilities and  >>> household expenditure and utilization survey <<<  (HHEUS) targeting 37,500 households. \n\n# **Risks** \n\n## **Systematic Operations Risk-rating Tool** \n\n|Risk Category|Rating at Approval|Previous Rating|Current Rating|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|Political and Governance|\uf06c --|\uf06c Substantial|\uf06c Substantial|\n|Macroeconomic|\uf06c --|\uf06c Substantial|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "household expenditure and utilization survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>|Request for<br>Quotations|Limited|Single Stage - One<br>Envelope|10,765.00||0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementation|||2017-08-07||||||2017-10-18||2019-01-16|\n|UG-MEMD-15330-GO-RFQ /<br>Procurement of 50 Tablets for the<br> >>> ERT III Baseline Survey <<< <br>IDA / 56530|Contingency<br>On-grid Energy Access<br>Off-grid Energy Access<br>Institutional Strengthening and<br>Impacts Monitoring|Post<br> <br>|Request for<br>Quotations|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "ERT III Baseline Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(1996). \u201cCredit programs, patriarchy and men's violence against women in rural Bangladesh\u201d. _Social Science & Medicine_ , 43(12), 1729-1742.\n\nSIGI. 2019. \u201cInformation about Variables and Data Sources for the SIGI 2019.\u201d  >>> Social Institutions and Gender Index <<< . <u>https://www.genderindex.org/data/</u> Stevenson, B., & Wolfers, J. (2006). \u201cBargaining in the shadow of the law: Divorce laws and family distress.\u201d _The Quarterly Journal of Economics_ , 121(1), 267-288.\n\n<mark>Tauchen, H. V., A. D. Witte, and S. K. Long (1991). \u201cDomestic vi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Social Institutions and Gender Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Program-for-Results (P123531) \n\n\n\n|Value|42.10<br>60.00|60.00<br>54.10|\n|---|---|---|\n|Date|31-Oct-2016<br>18-Apr-2022|27-Jun-2022<br>30-Jun-2022|\n|Comments<br>|Result surpassed the target. Result was achieve<br>conduct  >>> DHS2020/21 <<<  due to COVID-19 and secu<br>the last ISR date even if the data has not been u|d in 2019 as verified by mini DHS2019. The Ministry did not<br>rity situation in the country. The last actual date refers to<br>pdated for that reporting period.|\n|~~IN01153731~~<br>\u25baConduct immunizati", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHS2020/21", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " supply for cleanliness in<br>the ablution facilities<br>\u25aa Ensure appropriate handling and removal waste<br>accumulating in septic tank<br>\u25aa Ensure proper sizing of septic tank|GAWASCO &<br>Beneficiary<br>institutions|\u25aa  >>> Air quality reports <<<  taken around<br>the ablution blocks<br>\u25aa Complaints from affected locals|\u25aa No additional costs|\n|4<br>|\u2022 Land and Soil<br>Contamination|\u25aa Line the septic tanks with waterproof mortar to<br>eliminate seepage|GAWASCO|\u25aa Soil analysis reports of samples<br>taken around the ablution ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Air quality reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and affected parties, (vi) implementation and monitoring of GBV action plan. \n\n## **E. Citizen Engagement** \n\n93. To ensure the implementation of a citizen engagement mechanism with a feedback loop, PENRA will conduct a  >>> baseline beneficiary survey <<< , followed by periodic tracer surveys and an end survey within the duration of the ASPIRE MPA to seek feedback on benefits and services provided by the program. A citizen engagement strategy will be developed to maintain continuous engagement and communication with beneficiaries ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline beneficiary survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|Time lapse between application<br>and eligibility notification||Months|3|1|1|1|Quarterly|- NPTP database|NPTP Program|\n|Household awareness of NPTP||Percentage|40|60|80|90|Two time during the life<br>of the program|-  >>> Opinion Poll surveys <<< <br>(Y2, Y3)|NPTP Program|\n|Proportion of assisted people<br>informed about the e-card food<br>program||Percentage|0||100||Once after the first year<br>of the program|- NPTP database|NPTP Program|\n\n\n\n23", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Opinion Poll surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "framework<br>document.|\n|DLI # 6.2|Disaggregated data by school type, geographical area, grade,<br>Lebanese/non-Lebanese, gender. Data should be available in<br>a digital central database in March. CERD publishes the<br> >>> disaggregated enrollment data <<<  for all schools on its website in<br>August of eachyear.|Yes|CERD website<br>(http://www.crd<br>p.org/en)|Third<br>Party|Review of enrollment and grade<br>completion numbers and of the<br>implementation of CERD data<br>verification protocol.|\n|DLI # 7.1|Decision to form the Curr", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "disaggregated enrollment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " preliminary assessments of infrastructure performance in electricity, water and sanitation, information and communications technology, and roads transportation. The concluding section contains summary remarks.\n\n# **The  >>> benchmarking database <<< **\n\nThe data used for comparing Lesotho\u2019s infrastructure performance comes from the World Bank research data base that was recently developed with a specific objective to be used for this type of benchmarking exercise (Eustache and Goicoechea, 2005). The database pulls together t", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "benchmarking database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>|to<br>lected<br>nt<br>Draft Negotiated<br>Contract<br>tl<br>Pld<br>Atl|Signe<br>Pld|d Contract<br><br>Atl|Contract Completion<br>Pld<br>Atl|||||||\n|KE-KISII COUNTY-138397-CS<br>CQS / Procure Consultant to<br>develop  >>> county health data <<< <br>repository (consultancy fee<br>and host computer<br>configuration)|-<br>IDA / 58360|Improving Primary Health<br>Care Results|Post<br><br><br>|Individual<br>Consultant<br>Selection|Direct||600.00|0.00<br><br>I|Pendi<br>mple|anne<br>ng<br>mentation<br>2019-11-18|cua<br>anne<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "county health data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "00 people who are in an IDP-like situation. \n\n**14** Refers to Palestinian refugees under the UNHCR mandate only. \n\n**15** IDP figure in South Sudan includes 155,200 people who are in an IDP-like situation. \n\n**16** The  >>> statistics of the remaining IDPs <<<  at the end of 2013, while provided by the Government authorities at the district level, are being reviewed by the central authorities. Once this review has been concluded, the statistics will be changed accordingly. \n\n**17** IDP figure in Sudan includes 77,300 people who are in ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistics of the remaining IDPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ough: (i) refurbishing of their offices and supplying office equipment; (ii) purchasing of vehicles and other equipment; (iii) financing of operating costs; and (iv) providing technical assistance for: (I) conducting of  >>> customer surveys <<< , mapping all water services providers, establishing metering improvement programs to reduce unaccounted for water, establishing data collection and quality control procedures; (II) improving accounting and installing and building capacity on use of management software and billin", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "customer surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **IV.   >>> Data from China and Brazil <<< **\n\nThe analysis in this paper focuses on China and Brazil. These countries have two of the largest economies in the developing world and present interesting contrasts in terms of economic history and development strategy. Brazil has a long history of trade orientations, starting", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data from China and Brazil", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ist and PSFU PIT Social Development Specialist will work hand in hand with the M & E Specialists at both PITs to ensure effective management of data on grievances.   GROW project MIS at MGLSD will have a provision for a  >>> grievance database <<<  for keeping the record of all grievances.   The database will contain the name of the individual or organization lodging a grievance (if confidentiality was not requested by the complainant), the date and nature of the grievance", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "grievance database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Conduct the Civil<br>Registration & Vital Statistics<br>(CRVS)  >>> Data Analytical Survey <<< <br>IDA / 58970|Component Three:<br>Strengthen Capacity to Scale-<br>up Delivery of Births and<br>Deaths Registration Services<br>|Post|Consultant<br>Qualification<br>Selection|Limited|0.00<br>Under Review|2021-10-29<br>2021-11-18|2021-11-12<br>2021-12-12|2022-01-16|2022-07-15|\n\n", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data Analytical Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> records of the Procurement Process <<< . \n\nOther national procurement arrangements (other than national open competitive procurement), that may be applied by the Borrower (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), shall be consistent with the Bank\u2019s Core Proc", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "records of the Procurement Process", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is also estimated from the ESS data._<sup>_c_</sup> _Data on subsidies are from the Ethiopian Petroleum Supply Enterprise and the Ethiopian Trading Businesses Corporation._ **_Note:_** _ETB = Ethiopian Birr._\n\n# **3.2.   >>> Survey data <<< : Consumption, utilization of services and child poverty**\n\nThe survey data are from the 2018/19 Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey (ESS). ESS is a nationally representative survey implemented by the Central Statistics Agency in collaboration with the World Bank under the LSMS-ISA pro", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tanker trucks, or vendors, unprotected wells,<br>unprotected spring, rivers, ponds and other surface water bodies, or bottled water.|\n|**Frequency**|Bi-annually|\n|**Data Source**|Primary sources include: MWE M&E system,  >>> NWSC Area performance reports <<< , Refugee Database,<br>Refugees GIS Mapping for WASH   and UPMiS.  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD progress reports,<br>annual water and environments sector performance report and NWSC annual report.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NWSC Area performance reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Kenya. \n\n> 9 UN University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (2022) Water Security in Africa: A Preliminary Assessment, Issue 13 https://inweh.unu.edu/water-security-in-africa-a-preliminary-assessment/ \n\n> 10  >>> Kenya Population and Housing Census <<<  (2019). https://www.knbs.or.ke/publications/. \n\n> 11 Kenya Population and Housing Census (2019). https://www.knbs.or.ke/publications/. \n\n> 12 Ministry of Education. 2020. _WASH in Schools Situation Analysis_ . Unpublished draft. \n\n> 13 Alexander, Kelly T., et al. 2014. \u201cWater, S", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Kenya Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " a participatory watershed development<br>planning framework. In order to ensure that the designs of these subprojects, typically<br>over 40,000/annum,achieve the maximum impact of climate change adaptation,the|\n\n\n\n> 16  >>> Ethiopia Climate Risk Factsheet <<< , World Bank 2021 \n\n> 17 About 69 percent of the public works budget is typically spent on these biophysical soil and water conservation subprojects. \n\n> 18 Solomon Dawit et. al. (2014). Ethiopia\u2019s Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP): Soil carbon and fertility impact assessment ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Ethiopia Climate Risk Factsheet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "      Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) Up Dated** **<u>Phase 1 Lot 2 Meki-Zeway Section (37Km)                                                   Final Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) May. 2018</u>** \n\n#### **Annexes** \n\n1.  >>> Inventory of PAPS on main road <<< . \n\n2. Inventory of PAPs on 2 link roads. \n\n3. Inventory of PAPS on access roads. \n\n4. Public and stake holders\u201f consultation. \n\n5. Inventory of vulnerable HH heads. \n\n6. Proclamation No. 455 and No.456/2005. \n\n7. Regulation No.135/2007. \n\n8. Unit price for different properties a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Inventory of PAPS on main road", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Modelled ILO estimate)\u2014Uganda.\u201d World Bank Open Data. https://data. worldbank.org/indicator/SL.TLF.CACT.FE.ZS?locations=UG. \n\n- World Bank. 2024c. \u201cPopulation Ages 0\u201314 (percentage of total population)\u2014Uganda.\u201d Based on  >>> data from the United Nations Population Division <<< . World Population Prospects: 2022 Revision. World Bank, Washington, DC. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.0014.TO.ZS?locations=UG. \n\nDemand and Supply Assessment of Childcare Services for Low-Income Women Entrepreneurs in Uganda \n\n40", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from the United Nations Population Division", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "absolute poverty, 70 percent of the world\u2019s extreme poor still live in rural areas. This is despite the fact that half the world is now urban, up from a third back in the 1970s. In 2020, half the people in the\n\n> 13 The  >>> 2015 figures for global extreme poverty <<<  are statistical projections. The most recent estimate of the global extreme poverty rate is 12.7 percent for 2012.\n\n27", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "2015 figures for global extreme poverty", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "estpayments|<br>**6**|**55**|**62**|**58**<br>||\n|Nettransfers|44|22|**-79**|**-9**||\n|International EconomicsDepartment|||||**5/15/97**|\n\n\n\nNote: Consumer prices reflect **average** Nairobi lower<sup>income</sup><sup>** >>> price indices <<<  (1987**to</sup><sup>**1995).**Governmentfinance fiscal year (July toJune).</sup> \n\n**5/15/97**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "price indices", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tain and review the tax registers to<br>establish whether they are in place and updated.<br>\uf0b7<br>property valuation registers (1 point)<br>\uf0b7<br>business license register  (1 point)<br>\uf0b7<br>LST register (1 point)<br>\uf0b7<br> >>> LHT register <<<   (1 point)<br>\uf0b7<br>street parking registers/slots (1 point)<br>\uf0b7<br>census  for taxi and buses for all parks annually  (1 point)<br>\uf0b7<br>register of stalls, stands etc.. for all markets  (1 point)|\n||6.|Percentage of<br>revenue collected<br>against planned<br>for the previous<br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "LHT register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "dual students to facilitate the follow-up of students, the records of VMG learners may be hard to access and the campaigns may not reach the VMG communities. The project will support Local Council authorities to develop  >>> village registers of school <<<  \n\nPage 7 of 13 \n\nJul 21, 2020", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "village registers of school", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Health Organization, WHO. 2021.  >>> WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard <<< . Available at: https://covid19.who.int/table\n\n- Yiftachel O, Hedgcock D. 1993. Urban social sustainability: the planning of an Australian city. _Cities_ 10: 139\u2013157.\n\n# **Annex 1: List of countries and territories**\n\nAfghanistan, Albania, Algeria, American Samoa*, Andorra, Angol", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "The total cumulative number of female individuals who sought services at any of the project-supported job centers whose technical capacity and systems<br>have been enhanced.|\n|---|---|\n|Frequency|Quarterly|\n|Data source| >>> Administrative data <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Regular monitoring|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MoLS|\n|Results Area|**Strengthen Social Assistance and Services for the Urban Poor and Destitute**|\n|Indicator Name|Revise**Urban destitute/homeless receiving services for their reint", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Erradica\u00e7\u00e3o da Ap\u00e1tridia : 2017-2024\u201d** <u>https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/download/73437</u> \n\n**28. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica: \u201c >>> Censo 2014 <<< , Resultados definitivos do recenseamento geral da popula\u00e7\u00e3o e da habita\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d** \n\n<u>https://www.ine.gov.ao/images/Populacao_Sociedade/Estudos_tematicos/PUBLICACAO_RESULTADOS_DEFINITIVOS_DO_CENSO_2014.pdf</u> \n\n**29. Instituto Nacional de Estat\u00edstica: \u201cInqu\u00e9rito de Indicadores M\u00fal", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Censo 2014", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Public Disclosure Copy \n\n**The World Bank** \n\nImplementation Status & Results Report \n\nJudicial Performance Improvement (P105269) \n\n\n\n## Overall Comments \n\n## **Intermediate Results Indicators** \n\n|\uf075Annual court users| >>> satisfaction surveys <<<  conducted(Nu|mber, Custom)|||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||Baseline|Actual  (Previous)|Actual  (Current)|End Target|\n|Value|0.00|--|1.00|5.00|\n|Date|15-Nov-2012|--|02-Nov-2015|31-Dec-2018|\n\n\n\n|\uf075Court stations using an automated system in project intervention courts(Percentage, Custom", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "satisfaction surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">:</u>_ The findings of socio-economic studies to be conducted in the early stages of project preparation, and with the involvement of potentially affected people will be needed. These generally include the results of a  >>> census of the affected populations <<<  covering: \n\n- (i) Current occupants of the affected area as a basis for design of the RAP and to clearly set a cutoff date, the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census of the affected populations", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<sup>10</sup> where authentication will be maintained by assigning each beneficiary with a unique number across the five programs of the National Safety Net Program. The single registry is designed to interface with the  >>> Integrated Population and Registration Services (IPRS) database <<< , which will enable the programs to cross-reference the national ID numbers of adults in the beneficiary households, the possession of which has been made mandatory", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Integrated Population and Registration Services (IPRS) database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " people or groups who directly receive benefits from interventions of the project (water<br>supply, sanitation, and WRM related investments).|\n|**Frequency**|MWE and NWSC|\n|**Data Source**|MWE/DWD/DWRM progress reports,  >>> annual water & environments sector performance report <<< , Water<br>Supply Atlas (database of water supply, functionality and distribution of all Uganda districts), NWSC<br>annual report and refugee database.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|Bi-annually|\n|**Indicator Name**|Area under inte", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "annual water & environments sector performance report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ID PREVIEW model. Human vulnerability values from the same model were also used for each country. Resilience was measured using DARA\u2019s 2012 Index of Conditions and Capacities for Risk Reduction (IRR). \n\n> 32 EM-DAT: The  >>> OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database <<< . (http://www.EM-DAT.be) Louvain, Belgium: Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain. \n\n20 TECHNICAL PAPER", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n-2013|\n|||Comments||Procurement activities<br>ongoing.||\n|Number of large agri-Business / Farms with<br>access to electricity|Text|Value|133|133|142|\n|||Date|03-Feb-2009|26-Nov-2010|30-Jun-2013|\n|||Comments||||\n\n\n\n## ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<<  (as of 09-Nov-2011)** \n\n### **Financial Agreement(s) Key Dates** \n\n|Project|Loan No.|Status|Approval Date|Signing Date|Effectiveness Date|Closing Date|\n|---|---|---|---|--", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ope|30,769.23|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on|2019-11-25|2019-11-30|2019-12-15|2019-12-20|2020-01-10|2020-01-15|\n|NHP-2020-2021-SOI-<br>481659 / Procurement of<br>Mono Satellite imagery for<br>updation of 1:25k<br> >>> geodatabase <<<  for additional<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "geodatabase", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e|07-May-2007|00000000|31-Dec-2010|\n|||Breakdown|Comments||||\n|Urban: bitumen/poor quality improved||Kilometers|Value|0.00|0.00|26.00|\n|||Sub Type|Date|07-May-2007|00000000|31-Dec-2010|\n|||Breakdown|Comments||||\n\n\n\n## ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<<  (as of 08-Jun-2011)** \n\n### **Financial Agreement(s) Key Dates** \n\n|Project|Loan No.|Status|Approval Date|Signing Date|Effectiveness Date|Closing Date|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|P078382|IDA-43670|Effective|06-Nov-2007|20-Feb-2008|19-Nov-2008|31-Dec-2012|\n\n\n\n### **Disburseme", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s responsible for co-ordinating the collection of this data must possess the skills and capacity to analyse the data, store it for future use and disseminate it to other organisations. \n\nIn terms of the development of a  >>> global database <<< , a more co-ordinated and consolidated effort would be required. Such an idea might even be considered utopian and na\u00efve given the variety of methodologies and philosophies employed by emergency- and development-oriented organisations. This is evident in the philosophical argumen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "global database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rvices (Percentage)|0.00|70.00|\n|**_Action: This indicator has been Revised_**|||\n|**Business Registration and Business Licensing Reforms**|||\n|Number of registered businesses on which data have been<br>entered into the  >>> online business register <<<  (Number)|0.00|150,000.00|\n|**_Action: This indicator has been Revised_**|||\n|Number of URSB Staff and other agencies trained in business<br>registartion and business licensing new procedures (Number)|0.00|150.00|\n|**_Action: This indicator has been Revised_**|||\n|**Tourism Devel", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "online business register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t disparities in poverty rates by location, with rural areas and the northern and eastern regions exhibiting the highest poverty rates. The correlation between climate shocks and poverty is significant. \n\n## **Figure 1:  >>> Disaster Risk Profile for Uganda <<< ** \n\n\n\n_Source: World Bank,_ <u>Disaster Risk Profile: Uganda</u> _(Washington, DC: World Bank, 2019)._ \n\n5", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Disaster Risk Profile for Uganda", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ew|Women receiving free delivery<br>|Number|Value|453857.00||550000.00|\n||services meeting the quality<br>norms at public health facilities||Date|31-Jul-2013||31-Dec-2016|\n||||Comment|Source:<br>Verified<br>HMIS. The<br> >>> HMIS data <<< <br>requires to be<br>validated<br>before<br>confirming<br>with results.|||\n|New|Poor households receiving|Number|Value|0||30000.00|\n||health insurance subsidies||Date|31-Dec-2013||31-Dec-2016|\n||||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "HMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d sites/areas/homesteads/villages thereby enabling the social assessment of potentially affected populations/communities/homesteads/villages. \n\nThe socio-economic study would focus on the identification of stakeholders ( >>> demographic data <<< ), the participation process, identification of affected people \n\n48", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "demographic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Reports, (A-1), April, 1974.\n\nJohns Hopkins University, Population Information Program. \"Family Planning Programs.\" Population ReRorts, (J-27), May-June 1984.\n\nJohns Hopkins University, Population Information Pro-ram. \" >>> Fertility and Family Planning Surveys <<< : An Update.\" Population Rep,.rts, (M-8), Sept-Oct 1985.\n\nNortman, D. L. \"Population and Family Planning Programs.\" A Population Council Fact Book, 12th ed, New York, 1985.\n\nNortman, D. L., Halvas, J., and Rabago, A. \"A cost-benefit Analysis of the Mexican Soc,.! Security Adminis", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Fertility and Family Planning Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tee extended to project||||\n|beneficiaries by Participating Financial Institutions (cumulative<br>US$ million equivalent) (Text)||0.00|8.50|\n|**Institutional Strengthening and Impacts Monitoring**||||\n|Completion of the  >>> baseline survey report for ERT-3 <<<  (Yes/No)||No|Yes|\n|Increase in certified wiremen for household connections<br>(Number)||0.00|2,300.00|\n\n\n\n**IO Table SPACE**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey report for ERT-3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "all members of households may be particularly useful in helping to differentiate food deficit situations from those in which poor health status is determined by exposure to disease.\n\nDepending upon the general design, a  >>> WHS <<<  could contribute valuable information about the significance of anthropometric indicators in relation to other health indicators. In particular, there is a need for more information about the influence of different infectious disease backgrounds. In addition, extension of measur", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s Mitterling, Arturo Martinez Jr, Joseph Albert Bulan, Ron Lester Durante, and Jayzon Mag-atas** , \u201cApplication of machine learning algorithms on satellite imagery for road quality monitoring: An alternative approach to  >>> road quality surveys <<< ,\u201d _ADB Economics Working Papers Series_ , Dec 2022.\n\n- **Tollefsen, Andreas For\u00f8 and Halvard Buhaug** , \u201cInsurgency and Inaccessibility,\u201d _International Studies Review_ , 2015, _17_ (1), 6\u201325.\n\n- **Voigtl \u0308ander, Nico and Hans-Joachim Voth** , \u201cHighway to Hitler,\u201d _American Econ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "road quality surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ination of the Project OM, (vi) organizing trainings and orientation sessions for key Project stakeholders, (vii) organizing biannual joint Project reviews with other agencies and donors, and (viii) carrying out various  >>> Project related surveys and studies <<< , etc. \n\n- Implementing all Project-related information and communication activities, at all levels. The most critical of this includes, but is not limited to, (i) preparing a concise Project Information and Communication Strategy and Action Plan, (ii) disseminating information r", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Project related surveys and studies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ified/Selected<br>Consultant|<br>Contract|Signed Contra|ct<br>Contract Completion||||\n|||||||||Planned<br>Actual|Planned<br>Actual|Planned<br>Actual|Planned<br>Act|ual<br>Planned<br>Actual||||\n|ET-MANR-20230-CS-CDS /<br> >>> Panel survey <<< |IDA / 55400|Productive", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Panel survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ects  established  by the pr<br>working with the project  at the<br>Plan, after endline surrey cond<br>**ies sectors**|n updated at M<br>oject engaged i<br>time of the M<br>ucted|TR  as there were<br>n slaughterhouse<br> >>> T Survey <<<  . It will  b|no sub-<br>or  no existing sl<br>e updated as pe|aughterhouse<br>r its M&E|\n||Baselin|e|Actual(Previous)|Actual|(Current)|Closing|Period|\n|Indicator Name|Value|Month/Year|Value<br>Date|Value|Date|Value|Month/Year|\n|3. Number of System<br>Improvements in support of|0", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "T Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "chanisms to monitor and evaluate the expected project benefits of reduced rates of mortality and morbidity, reduced calving interval rates, higher fertility and faster growth rates of cattle. A recommendation at MTR for  >>> annual sample surveys <<<  in selected districts was not implemented. \n\n### Sustainability \n\nBy far, lack of adequate operating budget for VSD constitutes the greatest threat to the sustainability of project investments and the eventual realization of its objectives. Unless the present macro-economic envi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual sample surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "unt (USD)**|**Formula**|\n|Baseline|34.00||||\n|2020|||0.00||\n|2022|50.00||5,000,000.00||\n|**DLI IN01355255 ACTION**<br>**DLI 37**|9.10: Eight regions r<br>based on agreed KPI|eported Procurement Perfor<br>s pertaining to  >>> EFY2013 data <<< |mance to their respective BoFED hea<br>with key elements addressed|ds for each of the five basic sectors|\n|**Type of DLI**|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "EFY2013 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from Implementation for Scaling up_ , World Bank Consultant, February 26, 2014. \n\n2. Government of Kenya, 2010. Subsidiary Agreement between GoK and KEPSA, August 13, 2010. \n\n3. Project Progress Reports, 2011\u20132016. \n\n4.  >>> Tracer Surveys Reports for Cycle 1-62012 <<< , 2016. \n\n5. Important letters, 2010\u20132016. \n\n6. Value for Money Audit, 2015. \n\n7. KEPSA response to questions raised by Audit, 2015. \n\n8. Gender Assessment of KYEP, Private Sector Training and Internship Component, February 2016. \n\n9. Impact Evaluations, 2012\u20132015. \n\n10. Borrower", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Tracer Surveys Reports for Cycle 1-62012", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gthening Institutions for Refugee Administration Project (P165542) \n\n\n\n|Women employed in CCAR and CARs|Measures combined share<br>of CCAR and CAR employees<br>that are women|Annually|CCAR/CAR<br>HR records|Reports from  >>> HR data <<< <br>bases of CCAR and CAR|CCAR and CAR|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Host communities with functioning<br>complaints handling mechanisms|This indicator measures the<br>proportion of refugee<br>communities countrywide<br>that have established local<br>level complaint handling<br>mec", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "HR data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- 24 - \n\ntransparent. The measures to be taken include eliminating sales of securities outside the tender, publishing  >>> data on tender results <<<  at the close of the tender, making Treasury bills bearer instruments, and improving coordination between Treasury and the Central Bank on monetary conditions. It is expected that the use of open market operations will largely rest on primary market interventions in the near term", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on tender results", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 2020. \u201cKenya Economic Update, November 2020: Navigating the Pandemic\u201d. World Bank, Kenya: Nairobi. Available at:_ <u>https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/34819</u> _<u>.</u>_ \n\n_Note: Pre-pandemic data from  >>> Kalobeyei Socioeconomic Survey <<< , 2018; Kakuma Socioeconomic Survey, 2019; World Bank estimates 2019 for National Employment Rate. Data for the period throughout the pandemic from the Kenya COVID-19 Rapid Response Phone Survey, May-October 2020 (see also \u201c_ <u>Socioeconomic Impacts of COVID-19 in Kenya on House", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Kalobeyei Socioeconomic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ill be<br>ready in November 2012.|<br>|\n|Sub component 2:||Text|Value|IPPS database not installed.|54%|70%|\n|- Percentage of total establishment and wage<br>|||Date|01-Dec-2008|30-Jun-2012|28-Jun-2013|\n|bill captured in  >>> IPPS data base <<< - with Current<br>financing this will belimited to 30%.|||Comments||The Government prioritized<br>implementation of the payroll<br>module of the IPPS and has<br>therefore surpassed target.<br>Challenges remain on<br>operationalizing other<br>modules of the system to<br>ensure val", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IPPS data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#####  >>> SOCIO-ECONOMIC INSIGHTS SURVEY 2024 <<<  \n\n###### MOLDOVA \n\n\n\n## PROTECTION \n\n12", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SOCIO-ECONOMIC INSIGHTS SURVEY 2024", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Fibre Cable along Eldoret \u2013 Nadapal Road. ICTA. 2022. Fiber Optic-Backbone, Metro and Last Mile Infrastructure Standard, ICTA. 2.001: 2021 \n\nICTA. 2022. The Kenya National Digital Master Plan 2022-2032 \n\nIUCN 2018. The  >>> IUCN Red List of Threatened Species <<< . Version 2018-2. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 14 November 2018. \n\nKEBS. 2022. Accessibility \u2015 ICT products and services \u2013 KS 2952-1:2022 \u2013 ICS 33.030; 53.080: 2022 \n\nKeNHA. 2013. South-Sudan-Eastern Regional Transport, Trade and Development Facilitation Program (SSE", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nsist of conducting<br>consultations on the reform with the various stakeholders, the<br>design of the new examination instruments and the piloting of<br>those instruments. After the first phase, MOE will analyze the<br> >>> examination data <<< , in addition to perception and satisfaction<br>data collected during the process and will accordingly identify<br>lessons learnt and develop an action plan for the rollout of the<br>reform.|First phase of<br>_Tawjihi_reform<br>report and action<br>plan|Third Party|The verificati", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "examination data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e**|**7.7**|**66.0**|**71.9**|**9.1**|**61.8**|**68.3**|\n\n\n\nNote: European countries, Turkey and Mexico: the rates refer to the period Q1-Q3. Foreign nationals and not foreign-born individuals in Japan and Saudi Arabia.  >>> Korean data <<<  refer to foreign nationals plus individuals who naturalised over the last five years (2018 data). 2015 data for", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Korean data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he date and location of the consultation meetings, a list of the attendees and their affiliation and contact address; and summary minutes. \n\n## **<u>5.3.1 Output:</u>** \n\n- Community Relations and Participation Plan \n\n-  >>> Public Consultation Records <<<  \n\n# **<u>5.4 Analysis of Alternatives to the Proposed Project</u>** \n\nDescribe alternatives that were examined in the course of developing the proposed project to achieve the same objectives. These alternatives must be compared on technical, economic, environment, and social mer", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Public Consultation Records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0,000.00 0.00 Under Implementation 2021-10-22 2023-02-20 2021-11-05 2021-12-05 2022-01-09 2022-07-08<br>ation works along Isiolo -Man<br>dera road corridor<br> KE-ICTA-208348-CS-QCBS /<br>Consultancy services for (a)<br> >>> Baseline survey of Isiolo-Man <<< <br>dera (b) Design of 740km Isiolo-Mandera OFC & 200km spur cable (c) preparation of bi IDA / 67680 Component A: Improving Movement of People, Goods, and Digital Connectivity Prior Quality And Cost-Based Selection Open - National 2,132,000.00 0.00 Canceled 2022-02-07 2022-04-27 ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Baseline survey of Isiolo-Man", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Once the cut-off dates are decided, WSTF will commence on those dates the  >>> socioeconomic study and census <<< , consistent with the requirements detailed above in this section of the RPF. The process continues for sub project described above, with preparation of the RAP or ARAP, submission for approval to NEMA and the World Bank, etc. \n\nFor the World Bank to approve funding for any proje", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "socioeconomic study and census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "als for O-Class, and training for management and supervision. The QA component aims to create a quality assurance mechanism and entails the establishment of national standards, school inspection for O-Class, and quality  >>> EMIS data <<<  collection for preprimary. Under support of the parent GEQIP-E, the QEAP is implemented in 2,160 Phase 1 schools. \n\nAchievement: (a) target for the rollout of QEAP to O-Classes of 9,000 Phase 2 schools and 7,000 Phase 3 schools is set at 70 percent, (b) scalable starting from 10", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>12||2021-08-<br>16||2022-02-<br>12|\n|CM-CRC EXTREME NORD-<br>222973-CS-CQS / S\u00e9lection<br>d'un consultant (OSC) pour<br>la collecte et la saisie des<br> >>> donn\u00e9es du score cadre <<< <br>deans 7 communes (mora,<br>kolofata, meri, maroua 1,<br>Bourha, Koza et mokolo) ,<br>R\u00e9gion de l'Extr\u00eame-Nord (<br>B201103)<br>IDA / 62240<br>CM-CRC EXTREME NORD-|Component B: Support to<br>the decentralization<br>process|Post|Consultant<br>Qualification<br>Selection<br>|Open", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es du score cadre", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n\n- (b) Development of an efficient FIMS that will facilitate access to information for effective fishery management will ensure provision of timely fishery-related advice for effective decision-making. The provision of  >>> data on country catch performance <<< ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on country catch performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ersity and sequestering Carbon dioxide in North Rwenzori \n\n|Output|Activity|Units|Quantities|Rate(US|dollars)|Fundingsource|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Baseline data on<br>existing woody<br>stock established|Conduct  >>> baseline survey <<<  for<br>the project sites (North<br>Rwenzori= 2,000ha)|Nos|1|25,000|25,000||\n|Project design and<br>documents<br>prepared|Preparation of project design<br>documents|Nos|1|25000|25,000||\n|Stakeholder<br>capacity to<br>participate in<br>forest<br>management and<br>equitable use<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ers will be selected according to specific criteria if they have a T & V plot and a non-T &, V plot. The data coming from these surveys will also be made available to research establishments for more intensive analysis.  >>> Yield surveys <<<  will also be conducted. They will provide supplementary data to the dal:a generated through the farmer survey, and may help to explain why recommendations are or are not being adopted. A central monitoring and evaluation unit at Ministry Headquarters will coordinate and collate ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Yield surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "4|1,032,709.00|15-Apr-2025|210,000.00|Jul/2024|\n|<br>agricultural technology<br>(Number)|Comments on<br>achieving  targe|ts|It is reported fr<br>result|om the adminis|trative report an|d will be suppor|ted  with the end| >>> line survey <<< |\n|Farmers adopting<br>improved agricultural<br>technology - Female<br>(Number)|0.00||290,412.00||290,412.00||63,000.00||\n|2.5. Percentage of Targeted|17.00|May/2018|64.00|30-Jun-2024|64.00|15-Apr-2025|80.00|Jul/2024|\n|<br>Producers satisfied with the<br>livestock and fisheries<b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "line survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ing inequality, crime, and social cohesion, influenced by economic disparities. \n\nElectric Coverage : According to the information from the  sub city profile ,the electric coverage  of the city is 52.56%. \n\n#### **4.3.3  >>> Household Socioeconomic Survey <<<  Findings** \n\nThis socio-economic baseline HH survey was conducted as part of Socioeconomic impact assessment of the new underground (UG) and overhead (OH) express lines. Since implementation of the project potential impacts confined mainly into two sub-cites found in Addis Ababa", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Socioeconomic Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ning the data quality. However, some studies under sub-program D were not completed by the closure of PBS 2. These include a socio-economic survey, staff tracking assessments in the agriculture and education sectors and  >>> facilities surveys <<<  in the health and education sectors. To improve implementation of these and other important studies in PBS 3, Government and Development Partners agree there is need to improve engagement and ownership of across line ministries and strengthen procurement capacity in all implemen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "facilities surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the relevant implementation standards; (ii) conducting public sensitization on valuation and land acquisition, including the potential impact of climate change on land values; (iii) training staff on: (A) collection of  >>> mass data <<<  on values related to plants, equipment, natural resources and crop yield indices, including the potential impact of climate change on the values; and (B) on system and maintenance. \n\n- (d) Strengthening the judiciary\u2019s mechanisms and the Office of the Administrator General to re", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "mass data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y displacements and relocations, Abbreviated Resettlement Action Plans (ARAPs) will be prepared. The ARAPs will include the potential risks and impacts which the affected persons may be subjected to; descriptions of the  >>> socio-economic survey <<< , consultations with the affected and host populations, compensation options, resettlement-assistance and livelihood-improvement options; procedures for grievances redress management; institutional responsibilities for implementation and monitoring of the ARAP; and a schedule, bu", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### daTa SOurCES \n\nThe data source for this indicator will be comparable  >>> national poverty assessments for refugees <<<  conducted by UNHCR and the World Bank alongside national statistical offices. The World Bank periodically prepares poverty assessments of countries in which it has an active programme, in close collaboration with national institutions, other development agencies, and civil socie", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "national poverty assessments for refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e County Integrated Development Plan, a process that requires citizens engagement in its development. \n\n**87. The project will continually assess the progress, efficacy and targeting of NYOTA\u2019s key interventions through  >>> key stakeholder surveys <<< ** . Recognizing that citizens engagement is an iterative process, the project will continue to engage a multitude of stakeholders to develop and inform the PIM ensuring that the project finds the right balance to serve the target audiences\u2019 needs and will also regularly monitor ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "key stakeholder surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". This would be carried out<br>together with partners, to build on<br>existingactivities.|||Not later than 12<br>months after<br>Program<br>Effectiveness.|MEHE|Examination of<br>random sample of<br>anonymized hotline<br> >>> activity logs <<<  at end of<br>first year of<br>effectiveness, which<br>demonstrate secure,<br>confidential and<br>accessible system.|\n|**_Fiduciary_**||||||\n|**4. Assuring an internal audit**<br>**function at MEHE.**This will be done<br>through the recruitment of a<br>consultant to conduct inter", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "activity logs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re<br>Development<br>Prior|UN Agencies (Dire<br>ct)<br>|Direct|75,000.00|0.00<br>|Canc|eled||||||||2017-09-02||2018-0|3-01|\n|ET-MOST-60833-CS-CQS / Re<br>cruitment of a consulting fir<br>m to carry out a baseline and<br> >>> client engagement survey <<< .<br>IDA / 59830|Component 2: Enhancing Pri<br>vate Sector Engagement<br>Post|Consultant Qualifi<br>cation  Selection<br> <br>l|Open - Internationa<br>|75,000.00|169,275.00<br>|Com|pleted|2018-05-04<br>2018-05-21<br>2018-05-25<br>2018|-05-22<br>2018-07-08<br>2018-07-31||||2018-08", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "client engagement survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "020 to aid LIDCs coping with the fiscal impact of COVID-19, has further highlighted the importance of debt transparency.\n\nDebt transparency, defined as the availability of comprehensive, detailed, timely, and consistent  >>> public sector debt data <<<  (WB, IMF 2020c), is key to allow (i) policy makers to make informed decisions; (ii) creditors and rating agencies to fully understand borrowers\u2019 debt sustainability; and (iii) citizens to hold their governments accountable.\n\nImprovements in accountability within debt management ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "public sector debt data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Date (Planned)**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|22|**2 - 3.4**|Gap analysis on<br>Data sharing<br>interoperability<br>between the<br>selected CMS<br>using CARPHA<br>LIMS and<br>automatically<br>importing data<br>into  >>> DHIS2 <<< .|CS|CQS|30-Sep-20|29-Oct-21|\n|23|**2 - 3.5**|Development of<br>a mobile app for<br>public health<br>alerts and<br>dissemination of<br>public health<br>information|CS|CQS|30-Oct-20|29-Oct-21|\n|24|**2 - 3.6**|Knowledge<br>Management|CS|CQS|30-Oct-19|29-Sep-22|\n|25|**2 - 4.2**|Deve", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DHIS2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "olders.</mark> \n\n- iii <mark>. Document an acceptable entitlement matrix to guide compensation and other mitigation actions to Project Affected Persons (PAPs).</mark> \n\n- iv <mark>. Compile an accurate and comprehensive  >>> PAP and Asset register <<< .</mark> \n\n<mark>The scope of this ARAP is impacts as a result of road wayleaves alignment as per approved amended Dingwini Local Physical Development Plan., and which impacts on 27 PAPs (12 being structure owners owning 14 structures and 15 tenants). There was no complete or loc", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PAP and Asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ne S. Moe. 2004. \"Lurking in the shadows: the informal sector and government policy.\"</mark> _<mark>Journal of Development Economics</mark>_ <mark>73, no. 2: 541\u2010557.</mark>\n\n- <mark>ILO, latest available.</mark> _<mark> >>> ILO Global Wage Database <<< </mark>_ <mark>. Geneva: International Labour Office.</mark>\n\n- <mark>ILO and WIEGO. 2012. \u201cStatistical Update on employment in the informal economy.\u201d ILO Department of Statistics.</mark>\n\n- <mark>Johnson, Simon, Daniel Kaufmann, and Pablo Zoido\u2010Lobaton. 1998. \"Regulatory discret", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "ILO Global Wage Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " its consumption remains marginal in Dadaab. While a more representative  >>> price market survey <<<  would probably be required, it is worth noting that developing locally produced fruit and vegetable production would be a game changer for refugee (and host community) households, as highlighted by a Kenyan farmer who works between Garissa and Dadaab: _\u2018Refugees pay twice or fif", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "price market survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "k indicator, 80% of both men and women expressing satisfaction on average from completed<br>actions and communitycapacitybuildingactions financed bythe Program.|\n|Frequency|Starting in year 4 at completion|\n|Data source| >>> Satisfaction surveys <<<  in sample communities in counties benefiting from capacity building and climate resilience<br>actions supported bythe Program|\n\n\n\nPage 30 \n\nOfficial Use Only", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Satisfaction surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t --> Source: Cai, Giles and Wang (2009). Historical population pyramids are calculated from the National Bureau of Statistics, 2005 One Percent Population Sample (2007), China Statistical Press. Yao, Xinwu and Yin Hua,  >>> China Normally Used Population Dataset <<< , China Population Press (1994).\n\n30", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "China Normally Used Population Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s disposions pour mesurer syst\u00e9matiquement l\u2019ampleur des besoins de protection. Cette m\u00e9thode exclurait par exemple toujours le CICR ainsi que l\u2019aide du HCR \u00e0 la protection des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s. \n\n37 Il importe de noter que les  >>> donn\u00e9es du Mali <<<  couvrent uniquement 2011 et 2012 et que la situation d\u2019urgence au Mali a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 d\u2019une tr\u00e8s grande visibilit\u00e9 politique d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de son d\u00e9clenchement soudain. \n\n38 Nous avons compar\u00e9 cette classification des pays en fonction de l\u2019\u00ab Ecart de financement de la protection \u00bb a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es du Mali", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " clear procedures.|Quarter 1|OPM project staff|OPM safeguards<br>Specialist|- GRM procedure<br>integrated<br>- GBV mainstreamed in<br>the new GRM<br>-GRCs established|65,000|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|c)|Review  >>> GRM reports/logs <<< <br>to comply with the NUSAF<br>IV PID and also review for<br>GBV sensitivity to ensure<br>all vulnerable persons of<br>both genders are not left<br>out|Review logs for GRMs,<br>reports documentation to<br>ensure it follows<br>standards for<br>documenting grievances<br>and GBV ca", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "GRM reports/logs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " assess<br>progress using data from the<br>scheduled endline  >>> NNP survey <<<  in<br>2014.|There are no routine data available<br>to monitor this indicator.  We are<br>relying on 3 surveys to monitor<br>progress:<br>a) 2010 DHS, results expected in<br>December 2011;<br>b) midline results of the CBN<br>survey, results expected by<br>December 2011<br>c) Nati", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NNP survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "within the host communities that benefit from improved access to sustainable transport infrastructure and<br>|\n|---|---|\n||services|\n|Frequency|Annual|\n|Data source|Progress report byimplementingentities,traffic surveys, >>> market usage surveys <<< ,and labor records|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Road condition surveys using laser profilers, HDM\u20114 analysis to classify segments, GIS mapping of condition classes|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MoWT PIU, M&E Consultant|\n|**Improved Road Safety**||\n|**Reduction i", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "market usage surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s (KPIs 1<sup>3</sup> and 2<sup>4</sup> on Efficiency and KPI 4 on Equity<sup>5</sup> ) showed no changes compared to last update in December 2021 (updated figures will be provided for these KPIs after publishing of the  >>> 2021/22 school year statistics report <<< , expected in November 2022). KPI 6 on Quality<sup>6</sup> is not due yet (expected in November 2022). \n\n5. **The disbursement rate as of July 1, 2022** is at 60 percent. The  Table 1 below includes details of disbursement and commitment by source of funding. \n\n**Table 1. Key Pro", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "2021/22 school year statistics report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> UNHCR IDP Data Report <<<  \u2013 May 2012 \n\n### **2.   IDP POPULATIONS BY PROVINCE OF DISPLACEMENT** \n\nWhere people flee to and for how long is influenced by factors which \u201cpush\u201d them to leave or \u201cpull\u201d them to return, or \u201chold\u201d them from going elsewhere. Issues such as humanitarian assistance, military roadb", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "UNHCR IDP Data Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rkana and Wajir Counties<br>under components 1 and 2<br>who are employed (wage or<br>self-employment) at least 6<br>months from date of<br>completion of package of<br>interventions|Annual|Surveys,<br>Project MIS<br>data| >>> Tracer study survey <<<  on<br>youth employment<br>status and other<br>activities conducted at<br>least six months after a<br>cycle of training is<br>completed.|MYAAS|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|ale beneficiaries who are in wage or<br>employment in male dominated<br>ors at least one year after training<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Tracer study survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the man<br>o compel cooperation o|power is assigne<br>f all department|d and staff are given<br>s.|the authority|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Comments|F & C staff have<br>submitting time|been assigned and syst<br>ly the  >>> FACC reports <<<  for|em has been fun<br>the program.|ctional. The governm|ent has been|\n|Action Description|Establishment<br>counselingfoc|of a GRM, including pro<br>alpoints|visions for OSSs,|MoLSA hotlines, and|female workers\u2019|\n|Source|DLI#|Responsibility|Timing|TimingValue|Status|\n|Environmen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "FACC reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts to obtain the connections will be eligible for subsidies subject to the principles for selection of subprojects listed in section 1.5.1 above. \n\n**Outputs to trigger the release of subsidies.** For each subproject, a  >>> baseline survey <<<  will be carried out by the IVA prior to implementation and output targets will be established as per the business plan. WSPs will be eligible for subsidies once the subprojects have been completed and the targeted residents of low-income areas have access to water and sanitation", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|This indicator measures the cumulative number of households who have access to water from an improved water<br>source that have been constructed through the Program.|\n|Frequency|Annual measurement|\n|Data source| >>> CountyGovernment Water Department M&E records <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Qualitative inspections and quantitative data collection using M&E protocols defined in the POM|\n|Responsibilityfor Data|CountyGovernment Water Department,DRS|\n\n\n\nPage 46 of 58", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "CountyGovernment Water Department M&E records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nclude refugee populations and are able to address existing data gaps and contribute to the design of inclusive evidence-based measures. With the continuous spread of the pandemic, new methods of collecting data such as  >>> phone surveys <<<  need to be evaluated relative to traditional face-to-face methods and improved upon. One particularly interesting strand of future research concerns the measurement of income which is notoriously difficult to capture precisely in in-person interviews due to the complexity of inc", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "phone surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he<br>office of the Chief shall work towards settling<br>disputes during RAP implementation. The PAPs<br>are advised to strive to resolve land disputes using<br>local/ existing dispute resolution mechanism<br>before the  >>> census and asset <<< ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census and asset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion|This indicator measures the number of water sector M&E progress reports toward achievement of SDGs in Kenya<br>jointly published every year bythe CoG and the MOWSI(SDWS).|\n|Frequency|Annual measurement|\n|Data source| >>> MOWSI(SDWS)M&E records <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Records of approval of the mechanism|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>|MOWSI (SDWS) and CoG|\n|Collection||\n|**Improving integrated W**|**ASH services for refugee hosting counties**|\n|**Rural water supply sche**|**mes in refugee-hosting counties c", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MOWSI(SDWS)M&E records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hood to participate. Survey responses would be automatically available as they are sent in real time. Follow-up surveys could also target specific groups such as women and youth on specific issues. The objectives of the  >>> resident surveys <<<  are to give the community an active voice in the project by continuously engaging them c. At the same time, the community feedback will contribute to assessing the project\u2019s impact on beneficiaries to allow for mid-course adjustments. This function will be tested during the firs", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "resident surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "078-<br>GO-RFQ / purchase of HMIS<br>reporting tools, 300 mother<br>child booklet, 3600 maternity<br>register, 3600 Antenatal<br>register, 3600 CWC register,<br>3600 Logbook Register, 3600<br>Household Register, 3000<br> >>> EPI tally sheet <<< , 3000<br>immunization monthly<br>summary,|<br> <br> <br>IDA / 58360||Post|Request for<br>Quotations|Limited|Single Stage - One<br>Envelope||0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on||||2018-11-22||||2018-12-06|2019-06-04|\n|KE-WAJIR COUNTY-84995-", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EPI tally sheet", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o, Poland, Romania, Morocco and the Russian Federation lived in G20 countries in 2015/16. In contrast, most immigrants from Bangladesh, Ukraine, Pakistan and Kazakhstan resided in non-OECD countries. \n\n##### **Box 6 The  >>> Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries <<<  (DIOC) and other data on immigrants in G20 countries** \n\nThe Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries (DIOC) covers OECD destination countries for which data were collected in 2000/01, 2005/06, 2010/11 and 2015/16. The uniqueness of this database, developed by the OECD since 200", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Database on Immigrants in OECD Countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eckman, J. (1979), \u2018Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error,\u2019 _Econometrica_ , **47** , 153161.\n\nHeyman, F., F. Sj\u00f6holm and P. G. Tingvall. (2007), \u2018Is There Really a Foreign Ownership Wage Premium? Evidence from  >>> Matched Employer-Employee Data <<< ,\u2019 _Journal of International Economics_ , **73** , 355-376.\n\nJenkins, R. (2006), \u2018Globalization, FDI and Employment in Vietnam,\u2019 in _Transnational Corporations_ , **15** , 1, 115-142. UNCTAD.\n\nKorenman, S. and D. Neumark. (1991), \u2018Does Marriage Really Make Men More Productive?\u2019 _", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Matched Employer-Employee Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e incidence or prevalence of specific diseases and the WHS could develop modules on cause-specific morbidity. Countries will have particular interests in certain diseases. In order to decide which topics to include in a  >>> national health survey <<<  it is often useful to use the kind of guide presented in Table 1. Questions on specific diseases should only be asked if interventions are to be planned around the results.\n\n# Table I\n\nHow to select topics for inclusion in the World Health Survey (or, 'Setting Priorities in Publ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national health survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eda level staff in Afa|r and Somali on collection of  >>> EMIS <<<  and HMIS data||\n|**Source**|**DLI#**|**Responsibility**|**Timing**<br>**Timing Value**|**Status**|\n|||MoE/MoH|Due Date<br>31-Dec-2019|Completed|\n|**Completion Measurement**|||||\n|**Comments**|||||\n|**Action Description**|Preparation of FTA|guideline for the regiona|l sector bure", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " IDs, Births and deaths registries), development partners and others to enable the national rollout and the linkages for interoperability. The project will support a series of integrated steps for the development of the  >>> national social registry <<< , support advancing digital payments to build resilience and shock responsive social protection delivery systems and Beneficiaries will be supported to obtain necessary documentation before enrollment in the project. \n\n#### **Component 4: Program Management, Controls and Accounta", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "national social registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "?\u2016 Policy Research Working Papers, World Bank, forthcoming.\n\nDr\u00e8ze, Jean and P. V. Srinivasan. 1997. \u2015Widowhood and Poverty in Rural India: Some Inferences from  >>> Household Survey Data <<< ,\u2016 _Journal of Development Economics_ 54: 217-234.\n\nDuflo, Esther. 2003. \u2015Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old Age Pension and Intra-household Allocation in South Africa.\u2016 _World Bank Economic Review_ 17(1): 1\u201325.\n\nDutta, Puja, Stephen Howes and Rinku Murgai. 2010. \u2015Small but Eff", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Household Survey Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Mar-2011<br>10-Mar-2014|31-Dec-2014|31-Dec-2018|\n\n\n\n|\uf075 >>> Navigational charts for Kenyan Coast <<<  developed to acceptable international standards and in use(Yes/No, Custom)|\n|---|\n\n\n\n||Baseline|Actual  (Previous)|Actual  (Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|N|N|N|Y|\n|Date|01-Mar-2011|10-Mar-2014|19-Dec-2014|31-Dec-2018|\n\n\n\n3/16/2015 \n\nPage 10 of 14 \n\nPublic Dis", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Navigational charts for Kenyan Coast", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " will be adopted in terms of prioritizing the features to be merged in the merging process. By doing this, traversability will be accounted as well through ranking of split lines, and additional data sources such as the  >>> building delineation derived from satellite imagery <<<  (San and Turker 2010; Vakalopoulou et al. 2015) would supplement road data,", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "building delineation derived from satellite imagery", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctivities** . This subcomponent will include (a) defining indicators to monitor the efficiency, effectiveness, and value for money obtained through public procurement spending and a mechanism for collecting the required  >>> data from MINMAP <<<  and one or two pilot ministries; (b) establishing a performance baseline and creating an annual review process to determine changes in performance; (c) introducing performance management, including, but not limited to, professional awards, performance contracts, and incentives f", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "data from MINMAP", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**functionality**<br>**ofSingle**<br>**Registry**<br>**enhanced**||||||lc(i)<br>Complete<br>upgradeof<br> >>> HSNP data <<< <br>center and<br>Management<br>Information<br>System<br>(MIS), and<br>develop a<br>mobile<br>application<br>forHSNP<br>MIS<br>(US$2,000,000)|\n|||||||lc(ii)<br>Complete<br>HSNP<br>transition<br>plan,<br>replacing all<br>contracted<br>Program<br>Management<br>Unit staff<br>with<br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "HSNP data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " assess<br>progress using data from the<br>scheduled endline NNP survey in<br>2014.|There are no routine data available<br>to monitor this indicator.  We are<br>relying on 3 surveys to monitor<br>progress:<br>a)  >>> 2010 DHS <<< , results expected in<br>December 2011;<br>b) midline results of the CBN<br>survey, results expected by<br>December 2011<br>c) National Food Consumption<br>Survey, results expected in<br>December 2011|Comment<br>Will be updated to 56% following<br>MTR agreement on changed data<br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2010 DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rn\u00e9s dans leurs villages d\u2019origines de Dan Makaou (Dan Issa), Chantalaoua (Madarounfa) ; Kouka Mai Kogo (Guidan Sori), \u00e0 la suite des exactions des GANE dans leurs lieux de r\u00e9sidence habituelle, au Nig\u00e9ria. \n\n_Page 3_ \n\n >>> Rapport Mensuel de Monitoring de Protection <<<  | R\u00e9gion de Maradi |  decembre 2022", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Rapport Mensuel de Monitoring de Protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and rehabilitation of the PAPs so that their losses will be compensated and their standard of living will be improved or at least restored to the pre-project levels. \n\nThe assessment specifically aimed to: \n\n1. Conduct  >>> socio-economic survey of the households <<< , loss of their properties and assets, and estimate compensation costs based on the principle of full replacement cost, \n\n2. Carry out public consultations and incorporate the concerns of the project affected local community and other key stakeholders regarding the potential soci", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socio-economic survey of the households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l be subject to paragraph 5.5 of the Procurement Regulations. \n\n**_~~Leased Assets~~_** _~~as specified under paragraph 5.10~~_ ~~of the Procurement Regulations: Leasing may be used for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<< .~~ _~~Otherwise state~~ \u201c_ _~~Not Applicable~~ \u201d_ \n\n**_~~Procurement of Second Hand Goods~~_** _~~as specified under paragraph 5.11~~_ ~~of the Procurement Regulations \u2013 is allowed for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables~~ _~~Otherwise state~~ \u201c_ _~~Not App", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "- Gender- and PWD-sensitive approaches to all digital skills programs will be adopted (for example, leveraging female trainers and access-enabled devices).  >>> Data on connectivity <<<  disaggregated by gender, age, and location, will also be recorded to monitor and track progress on key parameters of digital inclusion. \n\n### _4.4.6.6 Digital Gender-Based Violence (DGBV)_ \n\nThis is gender-based violence enabled by digital technology. While the magnitude of the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Data on connectivity", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and eventually by the ULGs. The activities of concern include the preparation of the Environmental and Social Assessments (ESA) for priority investments of the ULGs as per the requirements of ESF. \n\nActivities including  >>> baseline surveys <<<  and various studies will require meaningful consultation and input from diverse and relevant stakeholders. The exact activities and locations of the TA activities have not been finalized, so not known at this stage of the TA preparation. However, the affected stakeholder groups ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "baseline surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " de tijolos, trabalhos dom\u00e9sticos, na agricultura e no garimpo artesanal. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 ainda casos concretos, mas existem suspeitas de tr\u00e1fico de pessoas para Nam\u00edbia a fim de recolher os \u00f3rg\u00e3os deles. - US State Department: \u201c >>> 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report <<< \u201d, June 2020, p. 72-75; Observador/Lusa, 16.7.2020: \u201cAngola forma t\u00e9cnicos contra tr\u00e1fico de seres humanos com registo de mais de 100 casos\u201d; Folha 8/Lusa, 1.7.2020: \u201cTr\u00e1fico humano veio para ficar?\u201d; Angop, 27.1.2020: \u201cAngola registou 89 casos de tr\u00e1fico de seres humanos <u>desd", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2020 Trafficking in Persons Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Implementation Status & Results Report \n\n**The World Bank** Strengthen Ethiopia\u2019s Adaptive Safety Net (P172479) \n\n\n\nThis indicator will measure (1) the implementation of the initial roll out of the  >>> registry data <<<  collection; (2) the registration of new households in the new PSNP geographic expansion woredas; and (3) the ongoing updating of the registry thereafter. The year 21/22 target is that all beneficiary households (*2.2 million) Comments **:** are covered by initial data collection", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "registry data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion to Reduce Vulnerability and Promote Inclusive Growth, 2020. World Bank. \n\n> 14 UNHCR and GoU, Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal, November 2020, https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/uga \n\n> 15 UNHCR and GoU,  >>> Uganda - Refugee Statistics <<<  October", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda - Refugee Statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fit from improved learning assessment instruments enhanced capacity of KNEC/NAC psychometric department; \n\n\n\n- Education system administrators will benefit from improved information and accountability through up to date  >>> EMIS data <<<  and school audit; and \n\n- Greater equity in access to education for under-resourced schools in underserved regions of the country through the review of regional and international experience on equalization fund for education. \n\nThe project has special focus on developing foundat", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y**|**Timing**<br>**Timing Value**|**Status**|\n|Environmental and Social<br>Systems|DLI 6|MoE KISE|Due Date<br>30-Jun-2023|In Progress|\n|**Completion Measurement**|Reports genera<br>gender.|ted from NEMIS with granu|lar  >>> data on special needs children <<<  by category of|disability, age and|\n|**Comments**|Concept develo<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data on special needs children", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|220,461.54|0.00<br>Under<br>Implementati<br>on|2018-06-25<br>2018-|07-02<br>2018-06-30|2018-08-11|2018-10-24|2018-11-28|2019-05-27|\n|IN-SOI-61766-GO-DIR /<br>Procurement of satellite<br>imagery for updation of 1:25k<br> >>> geodatabase <<< .|IBRD / 87250|Water Resources Information<br>Systems|Post<br>Direct Selection|Direct - National<br>Single Stage - One<br>Envelope|1,538,461.54|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on|2018-07-10|2018-07-10|||2018-07-20|2018-07-25|\n|IN-SOI-80283-GO-DIR / 50<br>Nos. BOLERO CAMPER PS ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "geodatabase", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on**|\n|Strengthened mechanism for<br>management of information across<br>participating entities|This indicator measures the<br>availability of data on<br>refugees through a<br>functional Management|22<br>Semi-<br>annual| >>> MIS database <<< |Collecting data from<br>the MIS|CCAR|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "MIS database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "odic surveys, depending on the facility context. It includes women engaged in retail trade, food<br>vending,logistics support,and other income-generatingactivities within the facilities.|\n|Frequency|Annual|\n|Data source| >>> Trainingattendance records and certificates <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Review training logs and verify completion|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MoWT PIU, Consultant and Contractor|\n|**Women\u2019s participation**|**in market and roadside rest area activities which reported improved income (percentage)**|\n|D", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Trainingattendance records and certificates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oxy responding can therefore be allowed. There is a need to develop simple methodologies and interviewer instructions for measuring disability which a WHS might apply. The strong points of a number of different previous  >>> disability surveys <<<  need to be identified and used. A WHS core questionnaire might contain a question on 1 year recall of chronic illness for adult members of the household.\n\nIn terms of specific behaviour rather than specific illness some countries may be interested in sets of questions on smoking", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "disability surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt)|\n|---|\n\n\n\n||Baseline|Actual|(Previous)|Actual|(Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|--||--||40.00|\n\n\n\n## Overall Comments \n\nNote that the baseline will be confirmed / updated after the full  >>> baseline sample survey <<<  is conducted (scheduled for June 2016). \n\n## **Intermediate Results Indicators** \n\n|\uf075Percentage of farmers using public agricultural services (male farmers)(Percentage, Custom)|\n|---|\n\n\n\n||Baseline|Actual  (Previous)|Actual|(Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline sample survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n 2019 (19,300). \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\n\u00a9 UNHCR/Tony Aseh<br>In 2021, 14-year-old Asibulah and his displaced family voluntarily returned from Kabul to Kunduz Province by bus.<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\n >>> Asia & the Pacific Regional Trends on Forced Displacement <<<  2021 \n\n22", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Asia & the Pacific Regional Trends on Forced Displacement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lity and change; and (b) to better equip local communities to cope with climate change through the conservation and use of agro-biodiversity. The project will build on the traditional knowledge of farmers and develop an  >>> inventory of local agro-biodiversity <<< , and identify and test selected landraces for climate resilience. Information on the agro-biodiversity resources will be used to develop natural resource management and alternative income-generation plans with the communities. It will also focus on raising awareness on climatic ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "inventory of local agro-biodiversity", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "firm|Supervision consultant|PMCU|\n|Percentage of roads inventoried|As part of the National<br>Strategy on Rural Transport<br>must be established  the<br> >>> inventory of rural roads <<<  (<br>about 15,000 km) by local<br>communities with the<br>technical assistance of the<br>MIT. This indicator<br>measures the progress<br>toward the inventoryand|Annual|Study|Inventory study of the<br>national  rural road<br>network by MIT with<br>the local governments|PMCU in li", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "inventory of rural roads", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iv) Submitting the Water for Production Strategy (including an irrigation strategy) to the Cabinet for approval; (v) Finalizing the Land Use Policy and submitting to Cabinet for approval; and (vi) rehabilitation o f the  >>> Mailo Land Registry <<<  in Kampala, Mpigi and Wakiso. \n\n62. One issue which was agreed not to be included as part o f the prior action but on which further dialogue needs to take place at a level higher", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Mailo Land Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tate, Addis<br>Ababa City Administration, and Dire Dawa<br>City Administration.||Verification protocol- 50% of Woredas in<br>each selected region conducted a fixed asset<br>count and reconciled it with records (fixed<br> >>> asset register <<< ) by end December 2021 and<br>reports to BoF by end January 2022. The<br>BoF reviews woreda reports and prepares a<br>consolidated regional report on fixed asset<br>count and reconciliation and submits the<br>same to MoF by February 2022. The MoF<br>prepares consolidated report o", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "enefits from interventions of the project (water<br>supply, sanitation, and WRM related investments).|\n|**Frequency**|Bi-annually|\n|**Data Source**|Primary sources include: MWE M&E system, NWSC Area performance reports,  >>> Refugee Database <<<  and<br>UPMiS.  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD/DWRM progress reports, annual water and<br>environments sector performance report and NWSC annual report.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE and NWSC|\n|**Indicator Name**|of which ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Refugee Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n# **The World Bank** \n\nCash for Jobs Project (P175327) \n\n||||beneficiary<br>implementin<br>g the activity.|||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Decree approving the development of a<br> >>> Unified Social Registry <<< |A Decree officially creating a<br>Social registry for the<br>country is to be approved|One time|Council of<br>Ministers|The decree will be<br>approved or not at the<br>Council of Ministers|Ministry of Social Affairs|\n|Upgraded MIS to scale up interventions at<br>national level|T", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Social Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d by each<br>beneficiary signed by each beneficiary and attested by Woreda officials.|GRNs of receiving entities<br>provided.|Closed|\n|||PV No.<br>0314243<br>-|9,105,856.00|Explained and partially addressed, but copy of  >>> GRNs of beneficiaries <<<  were not<br>provided for 24 units of computer out of total of 76 units. If GRNs could not be<br>found, then as alternative documentation, there should be a letter written by the<br>Region attaching a schedule showing items delivered to and accepted by each<br>beneficiary signed ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "GRNs of beneficiaries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " The target<br>value may be set by the<br>mid\u2010term review by when<br>there will be more<br>information from<br>implementation.|Semi\u2010<br>annually|Project MIS<br>(CCAP MIS)|CDC profiles, GA/BGA<br>profiles, nahia level<br> >>> administrative data <<< ,<br>quarterly progress<br>reports, evaluation|IDLG\u2010CCAP PIU|\n|Number of market enabling investments<br>under theproject that address the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd-of-training<br>competency test at the TVET colleges<br>15. Direct project beneficiaries (In-Person Training)<br>16. Increase in General Business Knowledge<br>17. Direct project beneficiaries (Digital Training)<br>18.  >>> Citizen Engagement Survey <<< |\n|---|---|\n|Key Outputs<br>(linked to the achievement of the Component)|12. 13 modules<br>13. 73 OSS<br>14. 80 percent<br>15. 41,360<br>16. 67 percent<br>17. 5,100<br>18. None|\n|**Component 3: Project Management, Advocacy and Outreach,**|**Monitoring Evaluation and Impact Evalua", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Citizen Engagement Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or provisions adopted by the World Bank\u2019s SSSNP and coordinate salary levels with UN coordination cluster standards. \n\n> 47 Population figures for urban areas would be calculated based on a headcount or by complementing  >>> 2008 census <<<  with other data sources (for example, DTM.) \n\nPage 12 of 23 \n\nJune 22, 2020", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2008 census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "--|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Loan:I**|**DA57170-001**||||||||\n|1|Regular|Integrated program of<br>economic surveys|XDR|9,968,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|7,476,000.03||75 %|\n|2|Regular|Integrated program of<br> >>> household surveys <<< |XDR|11,392,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|7,818,845.74||69 %|\n|3|Regular|Strenthening of economic<br>sector capacity|XDR|4,984,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|2,842,519.06||57 %|\n|4|Regular|Compilation of the IMF<br>DQAF|XDR|2,136,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|1,068,000.00||50 %|\n|5|R", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">office of the Chief shall work towards settling<br>disputes during RAP implementation. The PAPs<br>are advised to strive to resolve land disputes using<br>local/ existing dispute resolution mechanism<br>before the  >>> census and asset inventory exercise <<< .<br>Further, the RAP has provisions for dispute<br>resolution through the Grievance Redress and<br>Resettlement Committee (GRRC) to resolve<br>grievances.|\n|11.|Rate<br>of<br>Compensation for<br>graves and Shrines|The current amount<br>for<br>graves<br>and<br>shrines is set at<b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "census and asset inventory exercise", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " people or groups who directly receive benefits from interventions of the project (water<br>supply, sanitation, and WRM related investments).|\n|**Frequency**|MWE and NWSC|\n|**Data Source**|MWE/DWD/DWRM progress reports,  >>> annual water & environment <<< s sector performance report, Water<br>Supply Atlas (database of water supply, functionality and distribution of all Uganda districts), NWSC<br>annual report and refugee database.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|Bi-annually|\n|**Indic", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "annual water & environment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orking Paper Series 2019-88.\n\n- Tsui, M. and Rich, L. (2002). The only child and educational opportunity for girls in urban china. _Gender and Society_ , 16(1):74\u201392.\n\n- Xie, Y. and Hu, J. (2014). An Introduction to the  >>> China Family Panel Studies <<<  (CFPS). _Chinese Sociological Review_ , 47(1):3\u201329.\n\n39", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "China Family Panel Studies", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "5,000.00|0.00|Pending<br>Implementation|2020-11-15|2020-11-20|2020-11-25|2020-12-16|2021-02-14|\n|KE-MOH-226655-CS-INDV /<br>Hire an individual consultant<br>to support implementation of<br>the 5th  COVID-19 Knowledge<br> >>> Attitude Practice (KAP) Survey <<< .<br>|IDA / 65980|Community discussion and<br>information outreach<br>P|ost|Individual<br>Consultant<br>Selection|Limited|10,500.00", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Attitude Practice (KAP) Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "inment. The implied wage premium relative to informal wage sector turns out to be largest for the foreign sector at around 58 percent<sup>35</sup> followed by state (52 percent) and private sectors (13 percent).\n\n# **4.  >>> Panel Data <<<  Analyses**\n\n# **4.1. Model Specification**\n\nA series of cross-sectional regressions in Section 3 compared the wage levels of individuals working in different employer ownership categories, controlling for observable personal and other characteristics. One of the limitations of t", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Panel Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tional labor protection standards (child labor, working conditions, and so on) and local labor law. **Labor compliance with Better Work will be fostered through DLI # 2: Annual public disclosure by Better Work Jordan of  >>> report on factory-level compliance <<<  with a list of at least 29 social", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "report on factory-level compliance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bsolute**<br>**number, days, etc)**|\n|||||fully on this existing WR; (i.e. The<br>existing wage rate can purchase on<br>average 76.7%.)|\n|13|**BENEFICIARIES OF SOCIAL SAFETY NET**<br>**PROGRAMS**||7997218|<br>7997218|\n|| >>> RAW DATA <<< <br>SOURCES|||Annual plan|\n||Comments||||\n|14|**BENEFICIARIES OF SOCIAL SAFETY NET**<br>**PROGRAMS - FEMALE**||4113060|<br>4,113,060.00|\n||RAW DATA<br>SOURCES|||Annual plan|\n||Comments||||\n|15|**NUMBER OF PERSON MONTHS OF SAFETY**<br>**NET SUPPORT PROVIDED IN RESPONSE TO**<br>**S", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "RAW DATA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pui m\u00e9dical, psychosocial, activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives et \u00e9ducatives) dans les centres de transit et orientation pour les enfants associ\u00e9s aux forces et groupes arm\u00e9s. \n\n# **Recommandations** \n\n- Renforcer la coordination des  >>> donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection <<<  au niveau r\u00e9gional afin de compl\u00e9ter et affiner l\u2019analyse entre les trois pays ; et particuli\u00e8rement pour les dynamiques dans la zone des trois fronti\u00e8res (Liptako-Gourma). \n\n- Adopter un plaidoyer et des messages communs afin de permettre aux Equipes Humanitaires Pays du Mali, ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es du monitoring de protection", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nts shall be subject to paragraph 5.5 of the Procurement Regulations. \n\n**_Leased Assets_** _as specified under paragraph 5.10_ of the Procurement Regulations: ~~Leasing may be used for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<< . Otherwise state~~ \u201cNot Applicable. _\u201d_ \n\n**_Procurement of Seco_** **_~~nd~~_** **_<u>d-Hand Goods</u>_** _as specified under paragraph 5.11_ of the Procurement Regulations ~~\u2013 is allowed for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables Otherwise state~~ \u201c ~~<u>:</", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and citizens in host communities that have an improved water source within 200m<br>of walking distance.|\n|**Frequency**|Bi-annually|\n|**Data Source**|Primary sources include:  MWE national M&E system, Refugee Database,  >>> Refugees GIS Mapping <<<  for<br>WASH, Water Supply Atlas, and UPMiS.  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD/DWRM progress<br>reports, annual water & environments sector performance report, NWSC annual report.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE/DWD Rural|\n|**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Refugees GIS Mapping", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the activities are implemented. \n\nThe Accounting Officer explained that a letter from the Ministry of Education and Sports extending the implementation period for the census was obtained, and the Bureau will conduct the  >>> Education Census <<<  when schools re-open. \n\nI advised the Accounting Officer to ensure that preparations are complete and ready for implementation as soon as schools re-open. \n\n## **Other Information** \n\nThe Accounting Officer is responsible for the other information. The other information comprise", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Education Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and labor market outcomes back home, much more comprehensive information on past migration overseas needs to be collected in  >>> nationally representative surveys of South Asian countries <<< , in the spirit of the Egyptian Labor Market Survey (Wahba 2015). In addition, dedicated migrant surveys that collect detailed retrospective information on employment and migration history, such as the World Bank Bangladesh Return Migrant Survey (BRMS), are well-suited for that p", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "nationally representative surveys of South Asian countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "bprogram D)</u>** \n\nCarrying out of Subprogram D to strengthen existing national and sectoral monitoring and evaluation systems and assessments to be implemented by lead government agencies, including: (i) strengthening  >>> sectoral administrative data reporting systems <<< ; (ii) a series of activities to strengthen the existing monitoring tools of the PBS Program; (iii) targeted support to the Central Statistics Agency to strengthen the surveys and expand its data network; and (iv) supporting the Ministry of Water Resources\u2019 rollout of its new Wa", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sectoral administrative data reporting systems", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt effects resulting from the desire to achieve desired family size. Additionally, urbanization is generally associate%& with sociological changes that result in lower fertility, and income, over the short run or within  >>> cross section data <<< , is expected to be positively 8 related to fertility. Literacy, in most studies, has been associated with a lowering of fertility although this effect, distinguished from education, has not always been found to be positive. Finally, higher levels of acceptance of family planning", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cross section data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u2019s registry ofproject benefeciary firms**|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|** >>> Survey of a representative sample of benefeciary firms <<< **|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|**PIU**|\n|**of which women(Percen**|**tage) **|\n|Description||\n|Frequency|**Annual**|\n\n\n\nPage 41  of 60 \n\nNov 16, 2023", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Survey of a representative sample of benefeciary firms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "possible, existing government systems for oversight and monitoring, paired with independent or third party agents. In this way, the operation will contribute to strengthening these systems, such as CERD\u2019s spot checks of  >>> administrative data <<< . The verification protocols vary according to the nature of the DLI. Verification of results achievement will be undertaken directly by a firm paid for using grant proceeds with support from other donor partners. This firm will be selected following IDA procurement procedures, i", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "IType|Description|Coc|DLI Amount|Achievement<br>Status|Disbursed amount in<br>Coc|Disburse<br>for DLI|ment %|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Loan:I**|**DA57170-001**||||||||\n|1|Regular|Integrated program of<br> >>> economic surveys <<< |XDR|9,968,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|7,476,000.03||75 %|\n|2|Regular|Integrated program of<br>household surveys|XDR|11,392,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|7,818,845.74||69 %|\n|3|Regular|Strenthening of economic<br>sector capacity|XDR|4,984,000.00|Partially<br>Achieved|2,842,519.06", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "economic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Births and deaths registries), development partners and others to enable the national rollout and the linkages for interoperability. The project will support a series of integrated steps for the development of the  >>> national social registry <<< , support advancing digital payments to build resilience and shock responsive social protection delivery systems and Beneficiaries will be supported to obtain necessary documentation before enrollment in the project. \n\n##### **Component 4: Program Management, Controls and Account", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national social registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ization of the<br>standard forms<br>Performance Based<br>Financing introduced by<br>the P148052 Mother<br>and Child Health||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||||Services Strengthening<br>Project.  Information is<br>based on||\n|||| >>> representative surveys <<< .||\n|||Baseline data<br>collected|||\n|||from UNHCR<br>and WFP on<br>number<br>of refugees<br>receiving<br>cash<br>transfers  in|CFS local offices<br>produce simple reports<br>by region on number of<br>households receiving<br>the transfer.  This<br>number is than<br>||\n|Cash trans", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "representative surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " ODF|#|-|1,453.00|1074|760|-314|**52%**|Full  >>> WaSH package data for School WaSH <<< <br>has been reduced due to new information<br>obtained from regions after verification of<br>data.|\n|4|Proportion of Kebeles under the Program Woredas<br>declared and verified ODF|%|-|80%|56%|63%|7%|**78%**|198|\n|5|Proportion of RPSs and Urban Water Supply Scheme<br>designs usin", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WaSH package data for School WaSH", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or at<br>construction sites|Effectiveness of the traffic<br>management plan implemented<br>and occupational health and<br>safety monitoring program<br>under the civil works|Semi-<br>annually|M&E reports,<br>UNRA reports| >>> Police data <<< |Monitoring and<br>evaluation consultants,<br>UNRA|\n\n\n\n21", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Police data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f the household using the percentile of three different measures: schooling, a durable asset index and income. Each percentile is calculated within groups formed by 10-year window age ranges.\n\n# **V.B Analysis Using the  >>> Intercensus <<< **\n\nTo avoid the small window provided by the early versus late treatment identification, we complement the previous analysis with a difference-in-difference (DiD) strategy that employs the program\u2019s roll-out and different age groups. For this purpose, we create four groups of lo", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Intercensus", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Edenhofer, O., C. Carraro, J. Kohler and M. Grubb (Ed.) (2006). Endogenous Technological Change and the Economics of Atmospheric Stabilization. The Energy Journal, Special Issue.\n\n- National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).  >>> China input-output tables 2012 <<< .\u3008http://data.stats.gov.cn/informal.htm?u=/files/HTML/quick search/trcc/trcc01.html & h=740\u3009. (in Chinese).\n\n- OECD. 2012. Looking to 2060: Long-term global growth prospects. OECD economic policy papers.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "China input-output tables 2012", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY <<<  ANALYSIS 2024 \n\n\n\n#### **Risk 3: Indiscriminate Attacks on Civilians and Civilian Objects** \n\nImpact of Armed Conflict on Humanitarian Assistance \n\nIn the previous section examining communities\u2019 perception on risks associated with forced displacement, the analysis highlighted ho", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "COMMUNITY PERCEPTION SURVEY", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "of climate mitigation measures, as well as green management practices, credit constraints and firm-level controls from the Enterprise Surveys. We discuss these in more detail in the next subsection.\n\n# _Bank-level data:  >>> Banking Environment and Performance Survey <<<  and Bureau van Dijk\u2019s ORBIS database_\n\nThe geographical coordinates of 137,407 branches, operated by 1,788 banks across the countries in our sample, were collected by specialized consultants as part of the second round of the EBRD Banking Environment and Performance Survey (BEPS", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Banking Environment and Performance Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **The World Bank** \n\n#### THIRD ADDITIONAL FINANCING FOR STRENGTHEN ETHIOPIA\u2019S ADAPTIVE SAFETY NET PROJECT (P181626) \n\n||||woredas up to a maximum of 300<br>woredas, by December EFY2015|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|| >>> Complete Beneficiary Database <<< : 380 woredas|||\n|FY 2022/23 (EFY 2015)|with complete beneficiary household data<br>available at federal level.|0.00||\n|FY 2023/24 (EFY 2016)||0.00||\n|FY 2024/25 (EFY 2017)||0.00||\n\n\n\n### **_Action: This PBC has been Revised. See below._** \n\n|**_PBC 7_**|_Woredas using MIS for ke", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Complete Beneficiary Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e<br>2021-06-21<br>2021-07-12|ctua<br>anne<br>ctua<br>anne<br>2021-08-25|ctua<br>anne|ctua|anne<br>ctua<br>anne<br>ctua<br>anne<br>ctua<br>anne<br>ctua<br>2021-09-24<br>2021-10-29<br>2022-04-27|\n|LR-MOYS-236720-CS-CQ<br> >>> Annual Beneficiary Survey <<< |S /<br>IDA / 68480|Capacity Building and Project<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Annual Beneficiary Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Sub Type|Date|01-Jan-2007|01-Jul-2012|01-Jul-2012|\n|P|Breakdown|Comments|OFAG reports|||\n|ORAG|Percentage|Value||32.27|70.00|\n||Sub Type|Date||01-Jul-2012|01-Jul-2012|\n||Breakdown|Comments|No baseline data available<br> >>> data from OFAG reports <<< |Data not available||\n|Regional governments adopting and<br>|Number|Value|0.00|11.00|8.00|\n|disseminating Public Procurement<br>||Date|01-Jan-2007|01-Jul-2012|01-Jul-2012|\n|Proclamation, Directives and manual||Comments|Procurement publications and<br>audit reports|||\n|Woredas tha", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "data from OFAG reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>**Time-Based**|\n|||**CSRP**|||\n|DD-C-CSRP1/11|DireDawa|Transmitting the reform programs & the outcome<br>of BPR,BSC implementation level through local<br>FM radio & TV.|IC|Lump sum|\n|DD-C-CSRP2/11|DireDawa|Conducting  >>> Good Governace Survey <<< |LCS|Lump sum|\n|||**UMCBP**|||\n|||\u2022 Undertake base line surveys on 4 municipal<br>services.<br>- Urban land delivery|LCS|Lump sum|\n|DD-C-UMCBP1/11|DireDawa|- Building permit<br>- Water & Sewerage<br>- Sanitation<br>\u2022 Based on the survey results prepare working<br>manuals and stan", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Good Governace Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y of lessons learnt in their<sup>day-to-dayrunningof thedirectorates.The</sup><sup>**PIU**will</sup> also receive targeted training including Country Industry Development Officers<sup>**(CIDO).**</sup> \n\nCreation **of**  >>> database for local business <<< <sup>advisors/boot-campproviderstotrainand</sup> mentor SMEs/ startups- The registration of business<sup>advisorswill createavetteddatabase</sup> for any planning, selection and identification<sup>of business providersandprovideadatabank</sup> for future use. \n\nFinancial, economi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database for local business", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ment Information System (MIS) currently being developed by CFS, with new modules to support the management, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) of project implementation. The new modules will be fully interoperable with the  >>> Unified Social Registry <<< . Data protection will follow principles developed for the establishment of the Unified Social Registry under the PFS (Box 3). This subcomponent will also finance the expansion of systems currently being used by CFS, including beneficiary registration, secure payment system (by m", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Social Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "v**|**e been enrolled into the m-mamaprogram(urban/rural) (Number)**|\n|Description|Number of health facilities that have been enrolled into the m-mama program (urban/rural)<br>(Number)|\n|Frequency|Annually|\n|Data source| >>> Administrative reports byMoH/RHB <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Annual regional and MoH report validated through data quality checks by HNP technical<br>partners/indpendent consultant|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|RHB/MoH|\n|**Health facilities utilizing**|**AI-enabled ultrasound machines aspart ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Administrative reports byMoH/RHB", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", AUA and all<br>centers trained in information system<br>operation by Dec. 1999;|2.2.1 supervision reports;<br>2.2.2  >>> EARO's semi-annual reports <<< .||\n||2.3 management Information system<br>(MIS) for all centers, AUA and EARO<br>headquarters established and operational<br>by Dec. 1999;|2.3.1 supervision reports;<br>2.3.2 EARO's semi-annual reports.||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "EARO's semi-annual reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Kenya \n\ninequality in access to services and economic opportunities by upgrading infrastructure appears to be an increasingly important part of addressing overall urban poverty. \n\n[1] Kenya National Bureau of Statistics  >>> 2019 Population and Housing Census <<<  \n\n[2] The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics. \n\n[3] _Urban Poverty and Vulnerability in Kenya,_ Oxfam, 2009. \n\n[4] http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/2.1. \n\n[5] Based on a correlation of per capita GDP and urbanization levels. \n\n[6] _The State of Eastern African Cities 2014_ , UN-H", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2019 Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s.\n3.    Routine and periodic maintenance of Kampala\u2019s streets and\ndrains, including acquisition of materials, equipment, tools and\nvehicles.\nPart B:    Urban Land Management\n1.    Preparation of:\n      (a)   up-to-date  >>> topographical maps of Kampala <<< ; and\n      (b)   urban development plans for Kampala and one other town,\nincluding the acquisition of vehicles and equipment.\n2.    (a)   Preparation of about 1,000 plots with infrastructure\nservices at Kawaala in Kampala, construction of temporary office\naccommodation for KCC, ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "topographical maps of Kampala", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "basri<sup>\u2020</sup> , Talip Kilic<sup>\u2021</sup> , Gayatri Koolwal<sup>#</sup> and Heather Moylan<sup>*1</sup> JEL Codes: C81, C83, D31, J16, O12.\n\nKeywords: Asset Ownership, Wealth, Inequality, Gender, Respondent Selection,  >>> Household Surveys <<< , Cambodia, Ethiopia, Malawi, Tanzania.\n\n1 \u2020 University of Michigan and Independent Consultant, Development Data Group (DECDG), World Bank, ardinah@umich.edu; \u2021 DECDG, World Bank, <u>tkilic@worldbank.org;</u><sup>#</sup> Development | Science and Independent Consultant, DECDG, Wo", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " physical cultural resources during construction. Any potential impacts on Physical Cultural Resources will be addressed by incorporating reporting, handling procedures and management as part of site specific ESIA/ESMP.  >>> PCRs inventory <<<  shall be part of the ESIA process, and appropriate mitigation measures shall be developed under the ESMP. The Mbale RAP identifies seven graves that will have to be relocated and includes three measures to handle displacement of graves: (a) cash compensation based on Uganda\u2019s ap", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PCRs inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " local decision-making pathways. \n\nTo enhance accountability and transparency, the project will establish systematic processes for documenting and reporting on stakeholder engagements and the FPIC process. These include  >>> gender-disaggregated attendance registers <<< , meeting minutes, community feedback forms, photographic and/or video evidence (where culturally acceptable), and Back-to-Office Reports (BTORs) from implementing partners. Other tools will include written community resolutions or letters of support confirming consent, as well a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "gender-disaggregated attendance registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " plastic material used for professional ID card printing. 161  >>> World Bank Mobile Money Ecosystem Survey <<< , para. __; Information provided by UNHCR country team. 162 David Manyang Mayar, In South Sudan, a Day of Deadlines, VOICE OF AMERICA, 28 Feb. 2013, https://www.voanews.com/a/south-sudanmobile-phone-pharmaceutical-deadline-registration/1612779.html.</u> \n\n- <u>163 https://media.a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Bank Mobile Money Ecosystem Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " 1<br>os. The<br>0 - $1500) and|\n||0.00|Nov/2021|12,584|30-May-2025|13,920|30-Nov-2025|109,382.00|Dec/2026|\n|Of which, women<br>borrowers (Number)|Comments on<br>achieving  targ|<br>ets|This indicato<br>the project's<br> >>> MNO data <<< )|r is designed to in<br>Component 1 (w|clude all wom<br>ith an assumpt|en-owned MSMEs<br>ion that 40% of b|that receive fin<br>orrowers are wo|ancing under<br>men based on|\n|Number of PFIs receiving the|0.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "MNO data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "corresponds with the results framework's indicators and targets. \n\nThe one associated PDOI of the third sub-objective of ensuring data quality and results, \u201cpopulation and housing census conducted, results released, and  >>> census microdata <<<  available online,\" was deleted at the first restructuring due to the inability to conduct the census during the pandemic. It was not replaced by a different \n\nPage 18 of 28", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census microdata", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Policy Research Working Paper Series**\n\n|**Title**|**Author**|**Date**|**Contact**<br>**for paper**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|WPS2365  >>> Leading Indicator Project <<< : Lithuania|Stephen S. Everhart<br>Robert Duval-Hernandez|June 2000<br>|M. Geller<br>85155|\n|WPS2366 Fiscal Constraints, Collection Costs,<br>and Trade Policies|Keiko Kubota|June 2000|L.Tabada<br>36896|\n|WPS2367 Gender, Poverty, and Nonfarm<br>Employment in Ghana and Uganda|Const", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Leading Indicator Project", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ights. The form of the Letter of Acceptance is attached in Appendix 1._ \n\n**_Leased Assets_** _as specified under paragraph 5.10_ of the Procurement Regulations: Leasing may be used for those contracts identified in the  >>> Procurement Plan tables <<< : **Not Applicable.** \n\n**_Procurement of Second Hand Goods_** _as specified under paragraph 5.11_ of the Procurement Regulations \u2013 is allowed for those contracts identified in the Procurement Plan tables: **Not Applicable.**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Procurement Plan tables", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d is<br>expected to enhance utilities<br>collection efficiency.|\n|**9**|Number<br>of<br>participating<br>utilities with<br>updated<br>business<br>plan<br>(Number)||-<br>23|5<br>11|20|20|Based<br>on<br>the<br>compiled<br> >>> baseline data for AA and SCs <<< <br>as of EFY 2010, 5 utilities<br>(Hawassa, Sodo, Arba Minch,<br>Jigjiga, Degahabour and DD)<br>have completed the business<br>plan. a working business plan.<br>it counts how many<br>projects supported utilities<br>have prepared an up-to-", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "baseline data for AA and SCs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "edas verified as in conflict will be excluded from the sample|\n|**Verification Entity**|Independent Verification Agency (IVA)|\n|**Procedure**|The IVA will compare the information submitted by FSCO to the World Bank with  >>> data collected at woreda level <<<  regarding<br>for each respective month the number of beneficiaries expected to be paid and the number of beneficiaries actually paid on<br>time. These numbers need to include both PW and PDS. In manual payment woredas, the IVA will undertake quarterly spot-<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data collected at woreda level", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "evaluation program that is based on the data collected in the field and literature. This plan will be updated and enhanced in collaborating with Kenya Forest Service (KFS) to make its more specific after finalisation of  >>> KFS 100% Census of floral biodiversity <<<  that will be enumerated within the pipeline alignment at the permitting stage. \n\nFurther, the pipeline activity complies with forest management plan for Mwache Forest which provides for participatory forest management planning to ensure its sustainable use and conservation. This", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KFS 100% Census of floral biodiversity", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ct project beneficiaries (Microfinance)<br>2. Intermediate Number of One Stop Shops (OSS), Microfinance Institutions<br>(MFI) and Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) colleges<br>reporting according to the  >>> WEDP Monitoring and Evaluation <<<  (<br>3. Data collection and reporting<br>4. Number of PFIs that have adopted and implemented institution<br>development plans and project-related credit technologies|\n|Intermediate Results Indicators|5. Portfolio at Risk - SME<br>6. Percentage of loan officers trained by Project", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "WEDP Monitoring and Evaluation", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "NDINGS OFCONSULTATION WITHPAPS AND THE COMMUNITY........................................................ 59|\n|9.6 CONSENSUS AND AGREEMENT REACHED WITHPAPS ANDSTAKEHOLDERS...................................... 60|\n|**10 . >>> SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PAPS <<<  ........................................................................................", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "SOCIO ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PAPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-|---|---|\n|**To strengthen management capacity**||||\n|Households in targeted areas included in the National Social<br>Registry (Number)||0.00|200,000.00|\n|Households in targeted areas included in the National Social<br> >>> Registry - refugees, disaggregated by gender <<<  (Number)||0.00|15,000.00|\n|Households in targeted areas included in the National Social<br>Registry - host communities, disaggregated by gender<br>(Number)||0.00|25,000.00|\n|Proportion of households enrolled in the beneficiary database<br>living below the extreme poverty line (P", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Registry - refugees, disaggregated by gender", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sible use of biometrics, in full respect of applicable privacy and personal data protection laws and regulations, can be an effective tool to enhance migration management and empower refugees and migrants. Nevertheless,  >>> biometric data <<<  are often categorized as being highly sensitive, mainly due to their unique nature and the increased difficulties relating to their alteration or duplication. As with all new technologies, the advantages and disadvantages, and benefits and risks, need to be carefully assessed. \n", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "biometric data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ntage of lodged transactions completed<br>\u2022 Average days taken to transfer property<br>\u2022<br>Reduction in the number of days to register land|1. Establishment of the UgNLIS, digitizing land records.<br>2. Creation of the  >>> LaVMIS <<< .<br>3. Systematic registration of communal and individual land rights.<br>4. Training for government staff in land record management.<br>5. Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of Lands on Land<br>Valuation, land Acquisition and Property Taxation<br>6. Strengthening Land A", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "LaVMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " agencies are not connected to the Internet and some databases that are keyed in Doula cannot be sent easily to the headquarter in Yaound\u00e9. Second, INS can develop some interactive tools for disseminating long series of  >>> economic statistics <<<  (national accounts, external trade, prices, and so on). Third, INS will move to a new headquarter in 2018 and there is a need to provide some minimum equipment for better access to the Internet and also data processing. \n\n52. **Proposed activities.** The project will provide TA ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "economic statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 8882\n\n# **Abstract**\n\n >>> Individual-level employment data <<<  have a wide range of applications. They are used to monitor labor markets and the Sustainable Development Goals, contribute to understanding and explaining socioeconomic conditions, and may help to design and inform labor market policies. This paper is relevant for academics and", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Individual-level employment data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">based on KPIs on three basi<br>2010. This is achieved.Verifie|t performance is reported<br>c sectors (agriculture, hea<br>d and disbursed|by four regions (Amhara, Oromia, SNNPR, Tigray)<br>lth, education) pertaining to  >>> analyzed data for EFY <<< |\n\n\n\n\u25baDLI 19 DLI # 9.8: Oversight function of Regional Procurement regulatory bodies has been improved (Intermediate Outcome, 10,000,000.00, 0%) \n\n||Baseline|Actual (Previous)|Actual (Current)|2022|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|Procurement performance<br>monitoring guideline<br>d", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "analyzed data for EFY", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Methods & Research</mark>_ <mark>,</mark> _<mark>50</mark>_ <mark>(1), 429464.</mark> <mark>Steinmetz, S., & Tijdens, K. (2009). Can weighting improve the representativeness of volunteer online panels? Insights from the  >>> German Wage indicator data <<< .</mark> _<mark>C&M Newsletter</mark>_ <mark>,</mark> _<mark>5</mark>_ <mark>.</mark> <mark>Steinmetz, S., Bianchi, A., Tijdens, K., & Biffignandi, S. Improving web survey quality\u2013 Potentials and constraints of propensity score weighting.</mark> _<mark>Online Panel Research: A Da", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "German Wage indicator data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lection period started in September 2019 and ended in February 2020, then it resumed in July 2020 and ended in November 2020. \n\n> 2 Government of Uganda (2020), Third National Development Plan (NDP III). \n\n> 3 GoU 2018.  >>> National Labour Force Survey <<< . \n\n> 4 World Bank. 2019. \u201cUganda Jobs Strategy for Inclusive Growth.\u201d \n\nPage 7 of 77", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Labour Force Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Overview. In M. Kalkuhl, J. von Braun, & M. Torero (Eds.), Food price volatility and its implications for food security and policy. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28201-5 Kisan, G. (2015). Review of  >>> global food price databases <<< :", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "global food price databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ols reaches Sierra Leone<br>EBOLA close peak declared Ebola-free<br>(May-Jun 2014) (Dec 2014)<br>OUTBREAK (Mar 2016)<br>Ebola reaches all Schools<br>14 Districts Reopen<br>(Oct 2014) (Apr 2015)<br>2013 2014 2015 2016<br> >>> DATA Census Baseline survey <<<  ELA Monitoring and Endline survey<br>COLLECTION (Oct-Nov 2013) (Feb-May 2014) Community Leader (Feb-May 2016)<br>surveys<br>(Jun-Oct 2015)<br>Clubs established, Vocational training + Vocational training<br>ELA life skills training starts microcredit round 1 round 2<br>INTERVENTI", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "DATA Census Baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "; \n\n- c) To undertake socio-economic survey of the PAPs and ensure that baseline data are generated for the purposes of monitoring and evaluation during the project implementation period; \n\n- d) To verify and update the  >>> asset inventory survey <<<  and ensure that all potential assets that will be affected by the proposed project are enumerated, valued and costed; \n\n- e) To map out the affected properties (structures, crops, trees, fences) using the GPS with an accuracy of 1 metre in UTM Coordinate System; \n\n- f) To verify", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "asset inventory survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rt Version: Final \n\n## **List of Figures** \n\n|FIGURE1-1: MAP SHOWING LOCATION OFKIKUYUTOWN AND PROPOSED PROJECT AREA LOCATION. ............................ 4|\n|---|\n|FIGURE3-1: PROPOSEDLAND USEPROJECTCOVERAGEAREASOURCE:  >>> EGIS <<< , 2015 ................................................ 52|\n|FIGURE4-1:VIEW OF RAILWAY LINE AT THE PROJECT SITE.................................................................................... 61|\n|FIGURE4-2: PHOTOGRAPHS ILLUSTRATING CURRENT SITUATION AT THEPROJECT SITE.......", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "EGIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ows: \n\n- Acquisition of the intake, backflow area and canal corridor up to the end of the head works canal at the Sand Trap / Head Regulator; \n\n- Survey and marking of the area to be acquired for the infrastructure; \n\n-  >>> Census and Socio-economic baseline survey of PAPs <<< ; \n\n- Valuation of affected assets; \n\n- PAPs sensitization meetings; \n\n- Formation of Grievances and Dispute resolution Committees. \n\nThe Consultant underscored the need for the community to cooperate with the Consultants\u2019 team, locally recruited enumerators, village elders and I", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Census and Socio-economic baseline survey of PAPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t Quintile|33.7|29.3|42.6|45.0|\n|2|26|20.4|27.6|36.6|\n|3|17|14.2|20.3|27.1|\n|4|8.7|9.2|11.7|16.3|\n|Top Quintile|4.0|2.7|4.0|6.1|\n|Jamaica|14.9|12.8|17.8|20.0|\n\na Quintile data for 1989 refers to the month of July of the  >>> Jamaican Survey of Living Conditions <<< .\n\n_Source:_ Jamaica: A Strategy for Growth and Poverty Reduction Country Economic Memorandum, 1994, World Bank; and Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions Report 1992, The Planning Institute of Jamaica and The Statistical Institute of Jamaica.\n\n# **3 The Jamaican Food Stamp Program", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Jamaican Survey of Living Conditions", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "across Income Groups. National Tax Journal 68 (1):195-213.\n\n- World Bank (2022a).  >>> World Development Data Indicator Database <<< . <u>WWW.worldbank. World</u> Bank, Washington, DC.\n\n- World Bank (2022b). Egypt: Country Climate and Development Report. World Bank. Washington, DC.\n\nWorld Bank (2023). State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2023, World Bank, Washington, DC.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Development Data Indicator Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ranging and etc of surface IDA / 64450 Institutional Strengtheningand Project Management Post IndividualConsultantSelection Direct 0.00 PendingImplementation 2020-05-15 2020-05-25 2020-06-15 2020-07-20 2020-11-17<br>and  >>> ground water data set <<< )<br>for Basin Development<br>Authority by WDC<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nPage 4", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "ground water data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " delivery requirements|(Yes/No, Custom)||\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|No|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|Date|25-Jan-2015|09-May-2023|06-Dec-2023|07-Jul-2024|\n\n\n\n# **Performance-Based Conditions** \n\n# ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<< ** \n\n# **Disbursements (by loan)** \n\n2/8/2024 \n\nPage 11 of 13", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "habilitated corridor (percentage)**|\n|Description|Percentage of fatal and serious injury crashes along the corridor. Reflects safety improvements from engineering and<br>enforcement.|\n|Frequency|Semiannual|\n|Data source| >>> National crash database <<< ,Police crash database,hospital records,communityreporting,andproject management reports|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Extraction from the national crash database, triangulation with district health facilities|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|Uganda Police, MoWT PIU", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "National crash database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on<br>standards on teaching practi(Text)|54|Jul/2016|70.30|01-Aug-2024|70|Jun/2023|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|IR Indicator 6.4: % of actual teaching<br>time relative to scheduled<br>instructional time in P1 schools| >>> Time-on-task survey <<<  to<br>be conducted in Year 3<br>and 4|Jul/2016|88.90|01-Aug-2024|To be determined|Jul/2023|\n|(Text)|Comments on achievin|g  targets|Time on task survey|has been conduc|ted.||\n|IR Indicator 6.5: % of students having|58|Jul/2016|73%|01-Aug-2024|70|Jul/2022|\n|textbooks (Text)|Comme", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Time-on-task survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "31-Mar-2026|6|31-Mar-2026|9|Jun/2029|\n|nationals with more than 5 percent<br>increase in OSR (Number)|Comments on ac|hieving  targets| >>> Interim data <<<  as of March 31, 2026. The<br>target of 9 and will be verified under A|indicator is on<br>PA4 byIVA.|track, projected to mee|t the year-end J|une 30, 2026|\n|ReviseGKMA sub-nationals that have|0|Jan/2022|9<br>31-Mar-2026|9|31-Mar-2026|9|Jun/2029|\n|prepared an ISG plan that include", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "Interim data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pen - National||100,492.41|0.00<br>Pe<br>nt|nding<br>ation|Imp|leme|2024-09-30<br>2024-10-21|2024-12-04||||2025-01-03|||2025-02-07<br>2025-05-08|||\n|KE-SDD-438464-CS-CQS / Fir<br>m to  develop guidelines for<br>cleaning  >>> county tax registers <<< <br>and cadasters.|IDA / 74470||Post<br>C<br>c|onsultant Qualifi<br>ation  Selection<br>|Limited - National||75,369.31|0.00<br>Un<br>ati|der I<br>on|mple|ment|2024-09-01<br>2025-03-31|2024-09-15||||2024-10-15|||2024-11-19<br>2025-05-18|||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "county tax registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e targeting, enhance efficiency of pro-poor public and private expenditures, support informed policy choices and decisions, and enable transformation of social protection programs to be shock responsive. Building on the  >>> beneficiary registry developed under NUSAF 3 <<< , the project will use a phased approach for the development of national dynamic social registry. The project will support the enhancements of the current infrastructures and systems of the beneficiary registry and additionally build a dynamic national social registry both at nat", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "beneficiary registry developed under NUSAF 3", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he M&E system will serve both as a day-to-day management tool to guide project implementation, and as a mechanism for periodic assessment of project performance to gauge project impact. It will combine the collection of  >>> quantitative data <<<  on the RF performance indicators with the provision of qualitative information on the project impacts that cannot be fully assessed quantitatively. It will comprise both regular quantitative data collection with periodic qualitative surveys on key thematic areas. \n\n48. The M&E s", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "quantitative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ows. Section two introduces the general and extended theoretical frameworks of the study. Section three provides a framework for the analysis of the optimal structure of road service provision. Section four presents the  >>> data set <<<  that will be used for the analysis. Section five studies the relationship between decentralization and road service delivery. It discusses the impact of decentralization on road performance for various activities. Further, it looks at the dynamics of decentralization for eight c", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data set", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ubscribers)|for this indicator is currently<br>set at \u20180\u2019, since this Project<br>takes on a demand\u2010driven<br>approach and the types and<br>numbers of subprojects to|Semi\u2010<br>annually|Project MIS|profiles, nahia level<br> >>> administrative data <<< ,<br>quarterly progress<br>reports, evaluation|IDLG\u2010CCAP PIU with FPs,<br>IDLG\u2010CIP PIU, KM PIU|\n||be implemented under the|||||\n||Project cannot/should not|||||\n||be predetermined, as it will<br>not be accurate. The target|||||\n\n\n\nPage 48 of 85", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " includes shared sanitation facilities built in institutions and public places.|\n|**Frequency**|Bi-annually.|\n|**Data Source**|Primary sources include: MWE M&E system, NWSC Area performance reports, Refugee Database,<br> >>> Refugees GIS Mapping for WASH and UPMiS <<< .  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD progress reports,<br>annual water and environments sector performance report and NWSC annual report.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE / NWSC.|\n\n\n\n36", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Refugees GIS Mapping for WASH and UPMiS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "female beneficiaries implementing an Income<br>Generating Activity other than subsistence farming (Percentage)|0.00|80.00|\n|**Development of Social Protection delivery systems**|||\n|Decree approving the development of a  >>> Unified Social Registry <<< <br>(Yes/No)|No|Yes|\n\n\n\nPage 60 of 86", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Social Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rther restrict this group to only include individual polygons with more than 50% forest cover in 2000.  We will discuss this further below in the section on the environmental analysis.\n\n> 2 The study was designed to use  >>> higher resolution land cover change data <<<  being prepared under the new MAD-MEX MRV system. Unfortunately, post-processing of that data was not completed in time to use.\n\n4", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "higher resolution land cover change data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Roubaud, 2009, Education and earnings in urban West Africa, Journal of Comparative Economics 37, 491\u2010515 Martin, E., and A.E. Polivka. 1995. \u201cDiagnostics for Redesigning Survey Questionnaires: Measuring Work in the  >>> Current Population Survey <<< .\u201d _Public Opinion Quarterly_ 59: 547\u2010567.\n\nMata Greenwood, A. 2000. _Incorporating Gender Issues in Labour Statistics_ . Geneva: International Labour Office, Bureau of Statistics.\n\nMathiowetz, N.A., and R.M. Groves. 1985. \u201cThe Effects of Respondent Rules on Health Survey Reports", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Current Population Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "** \n\n|**ITEM**|**COST ESTIMATE FOR A 200M D**|**EEP BO**|**REHO**|**LE**||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|<br>**NO.**|**DESCRIPTION**|**UNIT**|**QTY**|**RATE**<br>**Kshs  Cts**|**AMOUNT**<br>**Kshs   Cts**|\n|**1**|Carry out  >>> hydrogeological/geophysical survey <<<  to<br>determine the best point to drill the borehole|Lump<br>sum|**1**|**100,000.00**|**100,000.00**|\n|2|**MOBILIZATION AND CONSTRUCTION**|||||\n|2.1|Mobilization, set up and demobilization. Allow for<br>personal, drilling unit pumping unit and all other<br>necessary materials fo", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "hydrogeological/geophysical survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " under the ROC curve|\n|---|---|\n|CDF|cumulative distribution functions|\n|CI|crowding index<br>|\n|FCS|Food Consumption Score|\n|FGLS|feasible generalized least square|\n|GDP|gross domestic product<br>|\n|HH|household|\n|HIES| >>> Household Income and Expenditure Survey <<< |\n|HV|Home Visits|\n|IDP|internally displaced persons|\n|ILO|International Labour Organization|\n|IMF|International Monetary Fund|\n|JD|Jordanian dinar|\n|JD-HV2|Home Visits Database, round II (Jordan)|\n|JD-HV3|Home Visits Database, round III (Jordan)|\n|LBS|Lebanese pound|\n|LCU|local ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Household Income and Expenditure Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "udy Tours to regional<br>countries for first-hand<br>experience on regional<br>harmonization of data<br>collection, management and<br>communication|32,000||**March to April**<br>**2020**|\n|**5.**|Workshops on current<br> >>> administrative data <<<  across<br>MACs and LISGIS regional<br>offices|50,000||**April to July 2020**|\n|**6.**|Workshop to strengthen and<br>develop institutional capacity<br>of NSO|35,000||**April to July 2020**|\n|**7.**|Workshops for steering<br>committee on Administrative<br>Data|40,000||**April to J", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>profiles, nahia level<br> >>> administrative data <<< ,<br>quarterly progress<br>reports, evaluation|IDLG\u2010CCAP PIU|\n|Number of market enabling investments<br>under theproject that address thegender|Number of market enabling<br>investments under the|Semi\u2010<br>annually|Project MIS|Subproject and Priority<br>Projectproposals,|IDLG\u2010CCAP ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*|MWE/DWD/DWRM progress reports, annual water & environments sector performance report, Water<br>Supply Atlas (database of water supply, functionality and distribution of all Uganda districts), NWSC<br>annual report and  >>> refugee database <<< .|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|Bi-annually|\n|**Indicator Name**|Area under integrated water resources management in selected catchments supported by the project|\n||Area is referred to the land under integrate water management mea", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "refugee database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**|\n|Description|The total cumulative number of individuals who sought services at any of the project-supported job centers whose technical capacity and systems have<br>been enhanced.|\n|Frequency|Quarterly|\n|Data source| >>> Administrative Data <<< ,|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Regular monitoring|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MoLS|\n|Indicator Name|Revise**Beneficiaries of Job Centers - Female(Number)  **|\n\n\n\nPage 32 \n\nOfficial Use Only", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Administrative Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nsforming Health Systems for Universal Care (P152394) \n\n\n\n|Date<br>Comments**:**<br>IN00686610<br>\u25baFacilities submitting|11-Mar-2016<br>There is no data avail<br>counties has come to<br>remaining counties th<br>complete  >>> DHIS data <<<  in a time<br>|29-Jun-2018<br>able for this indicator.  There has<br>an ed.  It is expected that the ins<br>e next financial year.<br>ly manner (Percentage, Cus<br>|31-Mar-2019<br>been a delay in inspecti<br>pections will resume and<br>tom)<br>|30-Jun-2021<br>ons as the pilot in ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "DHIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of education - 0.4%. It \n\n> 16  Mbarara University of Science and Technology (2020), The marginalization of the Batwa people of Southwestern Uganda, as an indigenous community; Bwindi Mgahinga Conservation Trust (2016)  >>> Batwa Population Census Report <<< . \n\n16", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Batwa Population Census Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hed in 2016,<sup>175</sup> a \u201cdigital uplift project\u201d was approved, including the establishment of a specialized authority to administer a digital ID system, issuing unique identity numbers to individuals based on their  >>> biometric data <<<  and other basic information.<sup>176</sup> Any adult resident of the country will be eligible to register and be issued a digital identity document, whether or not the person is a citizen or has any existing documentation.<sup>177</sup> This biometric database would then be the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "biometric data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Description|This indicator measures the number of rural public schools provided with adequate WASH facilities as per GoK<br>standards andguidelines.|\n|Frequency|Annual measurement|\n|Data source|CountyGovernment,MoH,MoE, >>> M&E records <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Qualitative inspections and quantitative data collection using prescribed M&E protocols defined in the POM|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|County Government Department of Health|\n|**Householdsprovided wi**|**th access to an improved s", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "M&E records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## **6.0 MONITORING AND EVALUATION** \n\n## **Introduction** \n\nUWA and NFA will maintain a  >>> database and activity file <<<  detailing all public consultations, disclosure of information and grievances collected throughout the project which will be available on request. Monitoring of the stakeholder engagement activities is important for several reasons such as: \n\n- 1) Ascertaining whether planned sta", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "database and activity file", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Saudi Arabia.  >>> Data on education not available for Japan <<< . _Source_ : OECD Box 6. \n\n- _b. Emigration rates to G20 countries by educational attainment for countries of origin of immigrants_ \n\n**_Some countries may experience long-term or permanent emigration of their most educated nationals._** The most recent data, from this point of v", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Data on education not available for Japan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "also variability, as not all rural households can rely on the direct use of ecosystem services either because of spatial variability or inequality in access to resources. An important research endeavor would be to match  >>> geo-located environmental data <<<  with socio-economic data in URCAs to analyze the impact of rural\u2013urban linkages in determining ecosystem service provision and use.\n\n27", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "geo-located environmental data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " observed. \n\n**Pest Monitoring and Surveillance** - A process for the reporting and identification of unusual plants, animals and pests will be established to track and document all pest cases, be it minor or major in a  >>> pest inventory register <<< . Pest surveys will be conducted on a regular basis to detect new infestations and will include the types, abundance, location of pest plants, date when first spotted or seen, and date when reported. This information will be gathered from surveillance or monitoring system to be p", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "pest inventory register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ccommodation, and ranger posts); \n\n   - (d) Field communication equipment, field equipment for PA operations, and office equipment; \n\n   - (e) Field vehicles for protected area operations; and \n\n   - (f) Support for the  >>> National Forest Monitoring System <<<  (NFMS) which was established with the support of the World Bank through the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility readiness mechanism (Uganda FCPF Readiness [P124296]). \n\n50. To address wildfire management and control of invasive plants, the project will support \n\n   - (a) Consulta", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Forest Monitoring System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "olume B: Kakuma Camp. Results from the 2019 Kakuma Socioeconomic Survey._\n\n- UNHCR & World Bank. (2020). _Understanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of Refugees in Kenya. Volume A: Kalobeyei Settlement. Results from the  >>> 2018 Kalobeyei Socioeconomic Profiling Survey <<< ._\n\n- UNHCR & World Bank. (2020). _Understanding the Socioeconomic Conditions of the Stateless Shona Community in Kenya. Results from the 2019 Socioeconomic Survey._\n\n- WFP. (2020, December). _WFP Warns of Critical Food Shortages for Refugees in Kenya_ . Retrieved from https://ww", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "2018 Kalobeyei Socioeconomic Profiling Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ulics and sanitation departments through training and technical support on strategic planning; reinforcing regional directorate ( _Direction R\u00e9gionale de l\u2019Eau et de l\u2019Assainissement_ , DRHA); a human resources audit; a  >>> water sector database <<<  and related data collection mechanisms; an annual water sector review and a tariff study. \n\n### b) **Improve CNRE\u2019s capacity to monitor water resources** \n\n36. Support will be provided to CNRE for the modelling and study of the Dhar aquifer and the Gr\u00e8s d\u2019Aioun aquifer, two cruc", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "water sector database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " education are drawn into question when a\n\n> 15 Tertiary education enrollment defined as population attending any education level with 13 years of education of more. For Nicaragua is 12 years of education or more.\n\n> 16  >>> Household surveys <<<  in Panama do not distinguish between enrollment in public and private tertiary institutions.\n\n17", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e transferred in the|agreed time to cities|||\n|**Source**|**DLI#**<br>**Responsibility**|**Timing**|**Timing Value**|**Status**|\n|Fiduciary Systems|MoF and BOFED|Recurrent|Yearly|In Progress|\n|**Completion Measurement**| >>> Funds transfer data reported on IFRs <<< ||||\n|**Comments**|Funds transfer is reported in IFRs||||\n|**Action Description**|Ensure correct recording of budget figures i<br>budget utilization|n accounts/IBEX. Close|follow up is required by sta|keholders on low|\n|**Source**|**DLI#**<br>**Responsibility**|**Timing**|**Timin", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Funds transfer data reported on IFRs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "```\nthree livestock diseases.\n```\n\n```\n5.Identification, documentation and development of a  >>> national database of\nindigenous medicinal plants <<< .\n```\n\n```\nPart C:In-situ Conservation and Sustainable Use in Bale Mountains\nNational Park\n```\n\n```\n1.Carrying out: (a) a detailed socioeconomic survey to: (i) identify\nvillages/users having the greatest impact on wild populations of medicinal plants\nthrough harvesting and other ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national database of\nindigenous medicinal plants", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "71%) \n\n||Baseline|Actual (Previous)|Actual (Current)|Year 5: 2020|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|Microdata files not available<br>on-line and not free|DLRs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3<br>achieved.|DLRs 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3<br>achieved.| >>> KCHS 2018 <<< <br>microdata available<br>on-line|\n|Date", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KCHS 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "light methodology making it possible to collect those data annually with a limited budget affordable by INS. The project will also finance the enterprise survey for 2017 and the development of a methodology to merge the  >>> quarterly national account survey <<<  and the former \u2018 _enqu\u00eate trimestrielle de conjoncture_ \u2019. Therefore, by 2019, the two surveys will be merged and the budget falls in the normal INS budget. The subcomponent will also provide TA to INS and MINEPAT/ _Direction Generale de l\u2019Economie_ to design a tool enabling eco", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "quarterly national account survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " ICAC (2005).\n\na Cotton, refers to ginned lint or raw cotton. It does not include seed cotton, linters, cotton mill waste, or cotton fibers subjected to any processing other than separation of lint from seed by the gin.  >>> Annual data <<<  are for the cotton year beginning 1 August.<sup>b</sup> Supply is output plus change in stocks.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d ecological factors. Unequivocally, the temporal granularity of commodity price monitoring systems should match the relevant temporal scale of target market-focused policies or food systems intervention. Therefore, the  >>> highfrequency datapoints <<<  proffer the possibility to aggregate price data at the required timescale for data-driven insights and decision-making in fragile national or regional contexts.\n\nThe monthly AI-based estimates are currently generated across 36 countries, with comparable survey data available fro", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "highfrequency datapoints", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-MEACLSS-60175-GO-<br>DIR / The Ministry intends<br>to procure a cloud server<br>from Dobility which will be<br>used for Data Management<br>in the upcoming informal<br> >>> sector survey <<<  that has been<br>designed to use Computer<br>Application Personal<br>Interview (CAPI).|IDA / 58120|Post|Direct Selection|Direct||0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementati<br>on|2018-05-18|2018-06-06|||2018-06-25|2019-06-24|\n|KE-MSEA-67679-GO-RFQ /<br>Switches (2No)|IDA / 58120|Post|Reques", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sector survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " The projects include  >>> socioeconomic surveys <<<  on both refugee and stateless populations, modernization of the census/NSO\u2019s portals on statistical data, improved capacity of NSOs and improved access to censuses for stateless people. \n\nThe General Assembly (GA) tasked UNHCR to identify, reduce and prevent statelessness and pr", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socioeconomic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "anding Digi **|**tal Connectivity in Selec**|**ted Areas**||\n|Activities to be|\u2022 Data Center Upgrade|10.0|12.39|2.39|\n|modified|\u2022 Pre-purchase of International Bandwidth|16.2|13.1|-3.1|\n||\u2022 ICT Devices|1.5|1.1|-0.4|\n||\u2022  >>> National Spatial Data Store <<<  downstream<br>activity|0.85|1.1|0.25|\n|Activities to be added|\u2022 Design, Development, and Deployment of<br>an AI-Enabled Regulatory Compliance<br>Portal|0.0|0.4|0.4|\n|Activities to be<br>removed|\u2022 Regulatory Impact Assessment (For the<br>Data sharingand Governance Policy)|0.15|0.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "National Spatial Data Store", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n.\u201d _Annual Review of Economics_ 2:395\u2013 424.\n\n- Galab, S., S. Vijay Kumar, P. Prudvikhar Reddy, R. Singh, and U. Vennam. 2011. _The Impact of Growth on Childhood Poverty in Andhra Pradesh: Initial Findings from India_ .  >>> Young Lives Round 3 Survey Report <<< : India,", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Young Lives Round 3 Survey Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tandard documents, including contracts template, and other standardized templates for advertisement, evaluation and amendments; availing it\u2019s portal for publishing advertisements, and contract awards; and for developing  >>> procurement data base and indicators <<< . Also, CTB will take the lead in addressing complaints not resolved by MEHE. In those cases, the complaint shall be sent to CTB from MEHE as well as directly by the complainant. CTB will revise the complaint and require clarifications from MEHE and monitor resolution of the comp", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "procurement data base and indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "but the data is only representative on the national level (and by rural/urban), which could hide a lot of heterogeneity in consumer prices beyond the national average. Increasing the number of markets could support more  >>> disaggregated price statistics <<< , which also better reflect the experience of consumers. Moving forward, pro-active and data driven monetary policy making to support price stability objectives is imperative.</mark> <mark>Lastly, it is important for the government to continue efforts towards the introduction and", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "disaggregated price statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a\u2010based development approach will also mitigate latent and potential conflicts caused by increased competition for services, livelihoods, and natural resources. Currently, there are existing/established committees \n\n> 9  >>> Projected 2017 population figures <<< . \n\nPage 18 of 120", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Projected 2017 population figures", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n; \n\n- ii. Empower all staff to provide gender responsive services and products; \n\n- iii. Establish sustainable gender responsive systems and structures in recruitment, promotion and training. \n\n- iv. Set up sustainable  >>> sex disaggregated databases <<<  on recruitment, promotion and training and other Human Resource functions; \n\n- v. Embrace affirmative action to address gender disparities; \n\nxxxv", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "sex disaggregated databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion,and an|No|Classroom<br>observation<br>records and<br>teacher training<br>records|Third<br>Party|Baseline and endline data is collected,<br>along with the intervention records<br>(classroom observation and teacher<br> >>> training records <<< ).|\n\n\n\n45", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "training records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r 2020|Planned for<br>3<br>participant<br>s|\n|5.|Financial management for donor-<br>funded projects|18,000.0<br>0|2 weeks|August 2020|Planned for<br>2<br>participant|\n||||||s|\n|6.|Data analysis for Social Registry or<br> >>> Unified Beneficiary Registry <<<  (UBR)<br>and Scalable Safety nets|50,000.0<br>0|2 weeks|March 2020|Planned for<br>8<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Beneficiary Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ened for cervical cancer at health centers(Number). **|\n|Description|Number of health facilities utilizing AI-enabled ultrasound machines as part of routine care for<br>pregnant women.|\n|Frequency|Annually|\n|Data source| >>> Administrative reports byMoH/RHB <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Annual MoH and regional report validated through data quality checks by HNP technical<br>partners", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Administrative reports byMoH/RHB", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r<br>Levels|\uf0b7<br>Shortage of Budget<br>\uf0b7<br>Weak Accountability|\uf0b7<br>Ensure Leadership Commitment at All<br>Levels<br>\uf0b7<br>Develop Incentive Mechanism to retain<br>Staff<br>\uf0b7<br>Mainstream relevant data collection in<br> >>> Regular Surveys <<< |\n|**Theme 4: Public Consultation, Grievance Redress and Social Ac**|**countability**||\n|\uf0b7<br>Consultations are not gender sensitive<br>\uf0b7<br>Lack of engagement guidelines<br>\uf0b7<br>Consultations  do not include grass root beneficiaries/ only<br>woreda and kebele political officials", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Regular Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s, selection of training providers (that will include operational costs, fees of trainers, transportation costs for trainers and beneficiaries, childcare services, and the like), monitoring costs, and establishment of a  >>> beneficiary database <<< . The implementation and selection of service providers will be similar to that of the successful Skills Development Fund, implemented by the PSFU under the World Bank-financed education project. In refugee settlements the PSFU will liaise with the OPM and ensure appropriate serv", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "beneficiary database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion with national institutions. Where possible, existing data sources will be utilized to avoid placing an additional burden on national statistical systems. \n\n## 4. daTa COllECTION aNd dISSEmINaTION \n\nThe collection of  >>> GCR indicator data <<<  will be the joint responsibility of countries and international institutions, with technical support provided by UNHCR country offices and other stakeholders. In addition, the launch of the UNHCR-World Bank Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement is expected to lead to signfica", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "GCR indicator data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erial level or other) and governance effectiveness or regulatory compliance as measured by either sector-specific improvements or broad national indicators such as the Worldwide Governance indicators, Fraser Institute\u2019s  >>> Economic Freedom indicators <<< , or Business Ready (the new World Bank Group\u2019s benchmarking project assessing the business and investment environment worldwide<sup>13</sup> )?\n\nAn important contribution of the current project is the relationships and contacts that have already been established with the appropr", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Economic Freedom indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or monitoring and evaluation, the framework for participation, and mechanisms for grievance readdress set forth in the resettlement policy framework. The sub project specific resettlement plan needs to include base line  >>> census and socioeconomic survey information <<< ; specific compensation rates and standards; policy entitlements related to any additional impact identifies through the census or survey; description of resettlement sites and programs for improvement or restoration of livelihoods and standards of living; implementation schedule", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "census and socioeconomic survey information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-04-11<br>2019-|03-18<br>2019-04-25<br>2019|-03-25<br>2019-05-25<br>2019-05-10|\n|BF-PADEL-B-106170-CS-<br>CQS / Recrutement d'un<br>Consultant (Cabinet) pour la<br>mise en place d'un syst\u00e8me<br>moderne de gestion des<br> >>> donn\u00e9es statistiques <<<  sur les<br>ressources animales et<br>halieutiques|IDA / 61150|Component 3: Crisis<br>Management and Project<br>Coordination<br>P|ost|Consultant<br>Qualification<br>Selection|Open - National|34,310.00|27,733.07<br>Completed|2019-04-29<br>201|9-05", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es statistiques", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d Ligega. The meetings generated dialogue with women, men and youths drawn from the localities within the project region. A project brief was provided to the participants and this covered participation in the census and  >>> socioe-conomic baseline surveys <<< . \n\nOutlined below is a list of the sensitization meetings conducted in the RAP I area. \n\n##### **Table 4-4 Schedule of Community Mobilization and Sensitization Meetings** \n\n|**Date**|**Venue of Meeting**|**Represented Blocks**|**Purpose**|**Atte**|**ndance**|\n|---|---", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "socioe-conomic baseline surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mmercial losses) as well as authorized<br>consumption that are not billed.|\n|**Frequency**|Bi-annually|\n||MWE / NWSC progress reports, annual water and environment sector performance reports, and water|\n|**Data Source**| >>> supply and utility databases <<< ..|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE/NWSC|\n\n\n\n41", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "supply and utility databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cLanguage=En</u> \n\nConverged Statistical Reporting Directives For The Creditor Reporting System (CRS): htps://one.oecd.org/t <u>document/DCD/DAC/STAT(2018)9/FINAL/en/pdf</u> \n\n#### daTa SOurCES \n\nThe main data source is  >>> bi-annual surveys <<<  to be conducted by the OECD with DAC Member and non-Member States on financing for refugee-hosting contexts. The next survey will be conducted in 2020. The objective is to systematize data collection through the CRS. \n\nSupplementary data on emerging donors and contributions from", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "bi-annual surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ry sources include: MWE M&E system, NWSC Area performance reports, Refugee Database and<br>UPMiS.  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD/DWRM progress reports, annual water and<br>environments sector performance report and  >>> NWSC annual report <<< .|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE and NWSC|\n|**Indicator Name**|of which female|\n|**Definition/Description**|Beneficiaries are people or groups who directly receive benefits from interventions of the project (water<br>supply, sa", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NWSC annual report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to return to Eastern Equatoria, News Stories_ , 16 May 2007, \n\n> http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/search?page=search&docid=464b153e4&query=Tripartite agreement Uganda Sudan \n\n> 46 Ibid. \n\n> 47 Ibid. \n\n> 48 UNHCR,  >>> Uganda statistics <<< , March 31 2010. \n\n> 49 RLP, 2007. \n\n10", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Uganda statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2-27<br>2018-12-05<br>2019-|01-01<br>2019-01-18<br>2019-05-14|2019-02-15<br>2019-|06-19<br>2019-03-17<br>2019-|07-23<br>2019-04-07<br>201|9-08-28<br>2019-05-08<br>2019-|12-22<br>2020-07-31|\n|BRCP/MOC/SD-11 / Baseline<br> >>> survey for BRCP-1 <<<  (MOC, BLPA<br>& NBR Component)|<br>IDA / 60020|Component 2: Enhance trade<br>sector coordination and<br>economic empowerment and<br>opportunities in trade for<br>women<br>Post|Quality And Cost-<br>Based Selection|Open - National|126,582.00|0.00<br>Under<br>Implementation|2018-11", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "survey for BRCP-1", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s: _https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN?locations=KE_ \n\n> 60 Kenya Demographic Health Survey, 2022. Key Indicators Report \n\n> 61 IHME. Global Burden of Disease 2019 \n\n> 62 World Health Organization 2022.  >>> Non-Communicable Disease Progress Monitor <<<  \n\n24", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Non-Communicable Disease Progress Monitor", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "red with<br>IPs<br>Finalized<br>training<br>materials and<br>presentations.<br>Monitoring<br>reports<br>Signed copies of<br>the Code of<br>Conduct.<br>Stakeholder consultation<br>records.<br>Worker feedback forms<br>and  >>> grievance records <<< .|OEPA,<br>ORCU,<br>RIP|40,000|<br>Part of<br>OFLP ERP<br>E&S<br>monitoring<br>budget|\n\n\n\n69", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "grievance records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "41\n\n**Annex Table 2:  >>> Forty-seven Nation Survey of Firewalls <<< * Applicable to Securities Underwriting and Dealing Activities**\n\n|**Securities Activities**<br>**Permissible Without Fir**|**ewalls**|**Securities Activities Su**|**bject to Firewalls**|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|_Securities Activities_<br>_Permissible in the Bank_||_Securities Activit", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Forty-seven Nation Survey of Firewalls", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-annually.|\n|**Data Source**|Primary sources include: MWE M&E system, NWSC Area performance reports, Refugee Database,<br>Refugees GIS Mapping for WASH and UPMiS.  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD progress reports,<br> >>> annual water and environments sector performance report <<<  and NWSC annual report.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE / NWSC.|\n\n\n\n36", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "annual water and environments sector performance report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-annually.|\n|**Data Source**|Primary sources include: MWE M&E system, NWSC Area performance reports, Refugee Database,<br>Refugees GIS Mapping for WASH and UPMiS.  Secondary sources include: MWE/DWD progress reports,<br> >>> annual water and environments sector performance report <<<  and NWSC annual report.|\n|**Methodology for Data Collection**||\n|**Responsibility for Data Collection**|MWE / NWSC.|\n\n\n\n37", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "annual water and environments sector performance report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "2:_Annual data available<br>from participating schools on<br> >>> disaggregated data <<<  on student<br>enrollment by March 1 in each<br>year and Annual data available<br>from participating schools on<br>disaggregated data on student<br>grade passing rates by August<br>31st each year for current<br>academic year.|DLR#6.1:<br>[3,000,000]<br>DLR#6.2:<br>[12,000,000]|||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "86,600 undecided cases at first instance at the end of 2013 and 145,400 undecided cases on appeal at the end of 2012. **24** IDP figure in South Sudan includes 155,200 people who are in an IDP-like situation. **25** The  >>> statistics of the remaining IDPs <<<  at the end of 2013, while provided by the Government authorities at the district level, are being reviewed by the central authorities. Once this review has been concluded, the statistics will be changed accordingly. \n\n**26** IDP figure in Sudan includes 77,300 people who are in ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "statistics of the remaining IDPs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eficiary estimate<br>methodology from communal and public latrines|MoWE and<br>Utilities|On going|\n|8|Finalize the Procurement of contractors for 8<br>FSTPs and 1 DEWAT|MoWE / Regional<br>Bureaus/WB|Completed|\n|9|Submit  >>> FSTP registry <<<  with original and revised<br>timelines|MoWE", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "FSTP registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Collection**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Youth beneficiaries completing job<br>specific skills training|This indicator measures<br>unique individuals who<br>received jobs specific<br>technical skills under|Bi-Annual|MIS| >>> Data from MIS <<<  and<br>reported by MYAAS|MYAAS|\n\n\n\nPage 53 of 68", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Data from MIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "led|2017-06-28|2017-07-12||2017-08|-11|||2017-09-10|2017-09-25<br>|2017-10-17|2017-1|1-21|2017|-12-|21|\n|JTRF/JK/IC/HD/C002/16 /<br>Consultancy for census of<br>Craft practitioners in J&K and<br>to develop a complete<br> >>> Artisans database <<< .|IDA / 56950|Restoration and<br>strengthening of livelihoods|Post<br> <br>|Quality And Cost-<br>Based Selection|Open - National||307,700.00|368,747.71<br>S|igned||2017-01-25|2017-01-22<br>2017-02-08<br>20|17-0|4-05<br>2017-03|-10|2017-08-20||2017-04-16<br>2018-08-20|2017-05-01<b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Artisans database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ta collection efforts are needed for instance using the WG Enhanced short set or the Extended set of questions of the WG to capture psychosocial and mental health-related functional difficulties. Further, the use of the  >>> WGSS <<<  or similar questions can address issues of prevalence and, through disaggregation, inequality. They do not, however, address questions regarding why such differences might exist. Surveys that can collect detailed information on the environment such as the Model Disability Survey", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "WGSS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mentation Unit<br>will obtain the data<br>from the agency<br>handling the National|Project Implementation<br>Unit|\n||areas|||Social Registry||\n|Households in targeted areas included|<br>Number of refugee|Annual|National| >>> Socio-economic data <<< |Agency handling the|\n\n\n\nPage 61 of 86", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Socio-economic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt institutions to help answer that call. In collaboration with World Bank and UNHCR teams, the JDC identified six countries<sup>24</sup> that could either: (1) integrate a representative sample of FDPs into the ongoing  >>> high-frequency phone surveys <<<  that were being undertaken by the World Bank on the host populations to monitor welfare and behavioral changes during the pandemic; or (2) execute a parallel survey on the forcibly displaced alongside those national surveys.<sup>25</sup> By August 2021, four of the six countries", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "high-frequency phone surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "```\n5.   The Borrower shall  within  six  months  of their completion,\nsubmit to the  Association  and  the  Donors  for their review and\ncomments the results of the following studies and surveys:\n```\n\n```\n     (a)  The  >>> survey of NGO activities <<<   and a list of NGOs removed\nfrom funding due to non-performance;\n```\n\n```\n     (b)  Evaluation  of  all  program  sub-components  during the\nsecond and fourth years of the project; and\n```\n\n```\n     (c)  Research seminars in the  second  and fourth years which\nwill review resear", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "survey of NGO activities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " directed to the idea of smart specialization provides an example of an innovation in policy thinking that has been clearly motivated by the difficulties of measuring the contributions of past policy initiatives.\n\n# **5  >>> Regional Accounts <<<  and IO Software**\n\n## **Regional Accounts**\n\nRegional accounts are to regions what national accounts are to nations. These accounts provide the foundations for a wide array of analytical tools and techniques. The accounts detail the interactions among economic agents within the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Regional Accounts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " June 2019. \n\n**Component 3 LMIS:** The State Department of Labor (SDL) has made progress in undertaking an  >>> informal sector survey <<< , updating the Kenyan National Occupational Classification (KNOCS) and preparing a roadmap for the Kenya Labor Market Information System (KLMIS). **Component 4** . National Youth Policy: The National youth policy is now completed and has been submitted to the Cabinet for approval", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "informal sector survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o enforce<br>Leadership Code Act.|<br>TheIGGcommits to achieving the<br>activities as specifiedinthe agreed results<br>matrix. These are aimed at: reducing the<br>incidence and experience o f corruption<br>measuredbythe  >>> national integrity survey <<< ;<br>introducing special anti-corruption courts<br>to expeditiously dealwithcases o f a<br>corrupt nature; and clearing the backlog o f<br>casesunderIG|**Partially met.**<br>Steady progress onTORfor consultancies to<br>support the process to establish the anti-<br>corruption cour", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national integrity survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " on the new format of the Results Framework.  The revised version of the Results Framework is attached separately and includes the actual and projected targets.  Also prepared is the Indicator Description section. \n\nThe  >>> figures on road crashes <<<  are being compiled and verified, and the Results Framework will be updated in February 2018. \n\nPlease note that it is a challenge to", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "figures on road crashes", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|2020-01-<br>27|2019-11-<br>27|2020-04-<br>11<br>2|019-1<br>02|2-<br>2020-10-<br>08||\n|cadre de la Cogestion<br>MG-MRHP-123343-CS-<br>INDV / D\u00e9velopper la base<br>de donn\u00e9es int\u00e9gr\u00e9e des<br>p\u00eaches de Madagascar et le<br> >>> registre des p\u00eacheurs <<<  et<br>embarcations dans une base<br>|IDA / D1720|Component 2.<br>Strengthening capacities for<br>priority fisheries<br>management|Post|Individual<br>Consultant<br>Selection|Open|50,000.00|38,851.99<br>Sig|ned|2019-09-02|2019-08-<br>22|2019-11-<br>06|2019-10-<br>22|2019-11-<br>27", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "registre des p\u00eacheurs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " remaining ones are  achievable.  Data collection for this indicator is still on going. \n\nFor PDO indicator 2, It is expected to be achieved based on the following: (i) the radio learning programs are still ongoing, and  >>> listenership data <<<  will be collected by December 2021; (ii) other distance learning data are still ongoing as well; (iii) Printing of 1,000,000 Copies of Brochures and 900,0000 Fliers with guides on access to the System for E-learning Platform will completed by end Nov. 2021; and  (iv) Printing of", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "listenership data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>will measu|n of users will be measured thro<br>m the baseline are indicated as t<br>ted data collection, and make a<br>re the percentage of users satis|ugh  >>> user surveys <<< . The increase in th<br>argets. The design of the survey wil<br>reference to global good practices.<br>fied with early warning services.|e percentage<br>l ensure gender<br>The indicator|\n|IR Indicator 2.2.2a|0.00|0.00|0.00|15.00||\n|Increase in satisfaction<br>of female users on e", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "user surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "from East Asia and highlights important questions on retirement behavior in developing countries that may be addressed from new  >>> panel data <<<  initiatives currently underway.\n\n# **Employment Patterns and the Retirement of Older Workers**\n\nIn China, long-term urban residents with formal sector employment can expect to receive a pension upon retirement, but face mandatory retirement at a relatively young age.<sup>5</sup>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "panel data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 9878 Estimating a Poverty Line for Brazil Based on the  >>> 2017/18 Household Budget Survey <<<  _Gabriel Lara Ibarra Anna Luisa Paffhausen Daniel Duque_ Poverty and Equity Global Practice December 2021", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "2017/18 Household Budget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "!-- End of picture text -->\n\nGul Khan* and his family were forced to flee their home in Nangarhar province to Kabul in 2018 due to fighting between Taliban and government forces. \n\n*Name changed for protection reasons \n\n >>> Asia & the Pacific Regional Trends on Forced Displacement <<<  2021 \n\n13", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Asia & the Pacific Regional Trends on Forced Displacement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in rural areas, a lack of data means that research to date has not been able to parse how returns vary across the spectrum of urbanization. New estimates of the returns to schooling, combining household survey data with  >>> geolocated data <<< , could illuminate how these returns vary not only across the urban\u2013rural divide but also as students get further from roads that provide access to urban centers (and thus, the formal job market). It could also illustrate the extent to which these returns are mediated through com", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "geolocated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Conselho Nacional de Refugiados</u> \n\n289 Jornal de Angola, 27.1.2020: \u201cSME realiza  >>> cadastro biom\u00e9trico de refugiados <<< \u201d \n\n290 UNHCR report, 2014, quoted in \u201cCitizenship rights in Africa initiative\u201d; UNHCR Liberia. Protection Situation Report Covering the <u>period: April 01-30 2014. (However, UNHCR did not consider this vetting process to confirm the Liberian nationality of every former refugee ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "cadastro biom\u00e9trico de refugiados", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s of applicants\u2019 information. The funding limitations are also impacting staff capacity</mark> \n\n> 95 REACH, <u>Libyan population MSNA 2021: Key Findings, December 2021</u> \n\n> 96 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA),  >>> Libya population dataset per mantika and municipalities <<< , 2020 \n\n> 97 <u>Facebook post on the SSolF\u2019s page, on November 18, 2021</u> \n\n50", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Libya population dataset per mantika and municipalities", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sed violence in POC sites remains a serious concern. A safety audit conducted in the Bentiu POC in November 2016 revealed women face GBV when traveling from food distribution sites, in shower and latrine areas, \n\n> 1The  >>> data for December 2016 <<<  is not complete yet due to interruptions in service and evacuations because of insecurity for several service providers during December. The numbers are likely to be higher when and if all the data gathering organisations are able to provide data. \n\n> 2 See UNHCR, \u201cAssessment on", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data for December 2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " outcomes. From a data collection perspective, to maximize this potential, it would be necessary to incorporate, within multi-topic surveys, a built-in and comprehensive set of (spatially and temporally) high-resolution  >>> weather data <<< , ideally collected _in situ_ during the data collection efforts (for instance, through weather sensors), which should: i) not be limited to temperature and precipitation, but also incorporate other key weather variables such as humidity, windspeed, etc.; ii) include _ad hoc_ , a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "weather data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " will also be needed to properly develop the systems (software) and roll these out (hardware and training). \n\n- TA to be provided by World Bank consultants to: (i) help develop the M&E systems and assist in carrying out  >>> IBM surveys <<< , spot checks and process evaluations; and (ii) guide the development of the productive inclusion, jobs and human capital development initiatives together with UN agencies and local NGOs. \n\n- Four implementation support missions to be carried out during the first 18 months of imp", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "IBM surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "irls benefiting from at<br>least one quality<br>intervention supported by<br>theproject|Annually|Same as<br>parent ind||PMU|\n||Percentage of students<br>enrolled in grade 2 in|||||\n|Children's literacy as measured by<br> >>> provincial assessment <<< |project-supported schools<br>who score > 50 percent on<br>grade 2 provincial<br>assessment.|Annually|Grade 2<br>assessments|Grade 2 assessments|DCTE, PMU|\n|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "provincial assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "...................... 13|\n|TABLE6:  >>> POPULATION DATA <<<  OF TOWNS ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD............................................................. 14|\n|TABLE7: CRUDEPOPULATIONDENSITY FOR WOREDAS ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD................................... 14|\n|TABLE8:NO.OF SCHOOLS AND STUDENTS ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD...................", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "POPULATION DATA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " agencies and the World Health Organization) were tasked with verification of DLIs/DLRs. This increased the level of complexity of verification, as did the need to collect  >>> data from about one thousand woredas <<<  in order to verify project results. The complexity of these processes and project management complications stemming from this complexity are referred to at several points throughout the ICR (pp. 11, 20-23). \n\n## **b. M&E Implementation** \n\n**The two AFs greatly raised the number", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data from about one thousand woredas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">|Open - National<br>Sin<br>Env|gle Stage - One<br>elope||2,600.00|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implement<br>ation|2021-06-<br>15||||||||202<br>|1-08-<br>10||2021-10-<br>09|\n|DRT_21010_DC_IMPR_FICHE<br>SUIV_FSP / Impression de<br> >>> fiche de suivi m\u00e9nages <<<  pour<br>les b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires FSP dans le<br>District d'Antanifotsy|IDA / D4340<br> <br> <br>|Component 1: Building a<br>safety net for the poor in<br>selected rural areas|Post|Request for<br>Quotations<br>|Limited<br>Sin<br>Env|gle Stage - One<br>elope||368.11|0.00<br>Pending<br>Im", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fiche de suivi m\u00e9nages", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">by communities; and (iii) management measures<br>for at least two priority fisheries that explicitly<br>control fishing effort (spatial or seasonal closure;<br>gear restrictions, gear or fisher numbers etc.); and<br>3)  >>> BMU surveillance reports <<<  indicate a stable or<br>improving trend in non-compliance per patrol<br>effort.|Annual|New and revised<br>JCMA<br>management<br>plans and BMU<br>surveillance<br>reports|Review of new and<br>revised JCMA<br>management plans<br>and BMU<br>surveillance reports|NPCU and CPIU M&E<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "BMU surveillance reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "SE/SG/DGEP/2017 dated September 23, 2017 and it is the first step toward building a  >>> Unified Social Registry <<<  (USR). Currently the Government, through the _Cellule Filets Sociaux_ , is moving towards finalizing the USR manual and procuring all necessary hardware (servers, mainframes) and software to establish the registry. It is envisaged that a USR unit will eventually be created withi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Social Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "............ 92|\n|Table A7:  >>> Quality of service data <<<  ................................................................................................................ 94|\n|Table A8.1: Multiyear analysis for countries with a low QFD (less than 1 percent of GDP in the reference|\n|year) ................................................", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Quality of service data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "i\u00f3n Social, based on the results of the census mentioned above. \n\n- Monitor to determine and track which households have received support and which households have not. \n\n- Allow the municipalities to have access to the  >>> System of Information about the Displaced Population <<<  (SIPOD) \n\n- Define, on the part of the national government, the definition and conditions that signify the end of the condition of displacement. \n\n2. Funding programs for the displaced population \n\n- Modify Law 387 with respect to the responsibility of departments and municipali", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "System of Information about the Displaced Population", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vel, crushed stone, etc.) from licensed sources to avoid environmental degradation. \n\n> 74 Convention for Biological Diversity, invasive species page. Available at: _https://www.cbd.int/invasive/WhatareIAS.shtml_ \n\n> 75  >>> IUCN Red List of Threatened Species <<< . Available at _http://www.iucnredlist.org", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion census of the project area including a description of production systems, household organization, baseline information on livelihoods and standards of living of the displaced population (and host communities) \n\n- An  >>> inventory of assets of displaced households <<< ; the magnitude of the expected loss (total or partial for individual or group assets); and extent of physical and economic displacement; \n\n- Information on disadvantaged/vulnerable groups or persons for whom special provisions may have to be made. Such groups and persons include", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "inventory of assets of displaced households", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "secured plan\u2019); the remaining quarters will include more<br> >>> indicative data <<<  regarding both the projection of needs and the expected financing plan. While the dashboard is expected to<br>be developed by October 10, the PBC will be deemed to have been met if it is circulated by November 3. The first quarter of<br>the plan will cover the period October to ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "indicative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al|NA|MoE|Recurrent|Yearly|Delayed|\n|Completion<br>Measurement|Annual educ<br>children and|ational statistical bookle<br>learner with special nee|t published for core<br>ds.|education data, inc|luding refugee|\n|Comments| >>> NEMIS data <<< ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NEMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e not at all stable. This notwithstanding, a number of refugees are considering this option, and it would be fundamental for them to receive regular feedback on the situation in the areas of intended return in Colombia ( >>> Country of Origin Information <<< ). \n\n_Suggestion:_ \n\n105. _Providing updated information:_ With a view to inform refugees, the team in Ecuador would need to  be provided, by UNHCR Colombia, with regular and updated COI, as well as information on the Law on Victims and Land Restitution in order to manage expecta", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Country of Origin Information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ificant and positive impact on child enrolment.  More positive concrete impacts of the Program, range of welfare indicators and perceptions of the CT-OVC Program impact are discussed in \n\n> 9 World Bank estimates, using  >>> KIHBS 2015/16 data <<< . \n\n> 10 PIBS2, October 2018. Estimated derived using the proposed new PMT formula; the computation of the percentage of beneficiaries who are within the harmonized PMT range used the Scoring Coefficients for the Harmonized PMT.  The cut-off for the harmonized PMT yet to be decid", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KIHBS 2015/16 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Committee|\n|PCT|Project Coordination Team|\n|PPE|Personal Protective Equipment|\n|PIT|Project Implementation Team|\n|PCP|Project Contact Person|\n|RAP|Resettlement Action Plan|\n|RIC|Resettlement Implementing Committee|\n|RIM| >>> Registry Index Maps <<< |\n|ROW|Right of Way|\n|RPF|Resettlement Policy Framework|\n|VMG|Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups|\n|WB|World Bank|\n|WSDP|Water and Sanitation Development Project|\n|WTP|Water Treatment Plant|\n\n\n\n1", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Registry Index Maps", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**The World Bank** Chad - Refugees and Host Communities Support Project (P164748) \n\n\n\n|Health centers rehabilitated or newly built|Twice a<br>year| >>> Baseline data <<< <br>collected<br>from UNHCR<br>and WFP on<br>number of<br>health<br>centers built<br>or<br>rehabilitated<br>in target<br>areas. The<br>CFS is<br>launching a<br>baseline<br>study which<br>will help to|CFS local offices<br>produce simple reports<br>by region on number of<br>health ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "Baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "vegetation<br>`o` No.  of trees removed<br>`o` Marked routes for vehicle movement<br>available<br>`o` No. of sensitizations meetings held<br>`o` No.  of tree nursery established|<br>`o` Work Reports<br>`o` Photos<br>`o`  >>> Attendance register <<< <br>`o`|Contractor/supervisi<br>ng engineer<br>Proponent<br>Community|Monthly|20,000|\n|**Const**|**2) Vibrations and  Noise**<br>**Pollution**|`o` No. of PPEs purchased.<br>`o` No. of workers using PPEs.<br>`o` Available servicing cards/receipts<br>`o` No. of vehicles and machine", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Attendance register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the PDO is primarily dependent on population-based surveys and due to the delay in the mini-Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), results have not been updated since the 2016 DHS. That being said, data collection for the  >>> mini-DHS <<<  is now ongoing and expected to be completed in June 2019, with results available several months later. As such updates on these DLIs and Results Framework indicators will be available for the December 2019 Mid-Term Review that is planned. \n\n**IPF Sub-Component I (Civil Registrat", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "mini-DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ng ISP Implementation Support Plan IUFR Interim Unaudited Financial Reports LARPF Land Acquisition and Resettlement Policy Framework M&E Monitoring and Evaluation ML Management Letter MoNE Ministry of National Education  >>> NMS National Muhtar Survey <<<  O&M Operations and Maintenance PAD Project Appraisal Document PDO Project Development Objective POM Project Operations Manual PPR Project Progress Report PPSD Project Procurement Strategy for Development PIU Project Implementation Unit SoE Statement of Expenditures SORT Systemat", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "NMS National Muhtar Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||2020-04-15|2020-05-15|2020-06-19|||2020-12-16||\n|ET-CSA-156249-NC-RFB / Pro<br>curement of non-consulting s<br>ervices (Car rental) for the U<br>ser Satisfaction Survey - Cost<br>for the rental car services for<br>the  >>> User Satisfaction Survey <<< <br>to Coordinate and facilitate t<br>he Field Activities<br>IDA / D2290||Post|Request for Bids<br>|Open - National|Single Stage - One E<br>nvelope||68,578.00|0.00<br>Canceled|2020-02-28|2020-03-04||2020-04-15|2020-05-15|2020-06-19|||2020-12-16||\n|ET-CSA-156247-NC-RFB / Pro<br>cu", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "User Satisfaction Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "am; strong ESMS and grievance systems that screen thousands of subprojects and resolve cases promptly; watershed governance at scale via national watershed coding, cloud-based NDVI analysis, and progress toward a single  >>> national watershed database <<< ; and inclusive tenure through widespread SLLCs and operational NRLAIS registries that incentivize household and community SLM investments.</mark> \n\nOverall, the anticipated E&S impacts are expected to be minimal; however, some individuals may be affected due to the loss of asset", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "national watershed database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ".............. 12|\n|Box 4. EDRP and a Safeguard Violation .......................................................................... 23|\n\n\n\n### **Tables** \n\n|Table 1. Illustrative Poverty Impact of Droughts in Ethiopia ( >>> data mid-1990s <<< ) ................ 2|\n|---|\n|Table 2. Occurrence of droughts in 39 African countries (1980-", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "vague", "split": "val", "mention": "data mid-1990s", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nstall appropriate river gauging meters at strategic locations to monitor the low and high flows throughout the years. This will be more important in the middle catchment and downstream the main dam. Maintain associated  >>> data records <<< , \n\n- \u00fc All-natural drains in the catchment areas be delineated for management and protection to reduce entry of silt and pollutants into the dams. Protection may include soil erosion control measures, vegetation enhancement and introduction of silt traps at farm levels. \n\n### **", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "data records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Innovative Financing for Humanitarian Energy Interventions \n\nshould be used to address risks that are within the control of the business to manage and mitigate. For example, grants can be used to gather more  >>> market and operations data <<<  to better understand how the business model should be structured to serve markets in a displacement setting. Grants can be used to convert some uncertainties into risks that can be managed through other mechanisms: for example, learning activities that enable the collection of d", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "market and operations data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r domestic investors/companies who contact KenInvest and/or<br>submitproposals in response to investment conferences or other activities funded or otherwise supported bytheproject.|\n|Frequency|**Annual**|\n|Data source|** >>> KenInvest investor database <<< **|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|**Project annual progress reports**|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|**PIU**|\n|**Enhancing MSME Cluster**<br>**No. of Subprojects exec**|**Competitiveness**<br>*", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "KenInvest investor database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "en cautious in drawing strong inferences about the causal effect of schooling especially in the absence</mark> of experimental evidence.\n\n<mark>However, the emergence of large-scale microeconomic datasets such as OECD\u2019s  >>> Programme for International Student Assessment <<<  (PISA), Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS), and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) has provided researchers with more tools to study these relationships. It is now possible to deploy econometric methods such as instrumental variab", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Programme for International Student Assessment", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the Bureau.|Amount of<br>resources<br>mobilized<br>Disbursement<br>dates|Diversify<br>the<br>sources<br>of<br>funds|Partnership<br>and<br>additional<br>financial<br>support with development<br>partners in undertaking<br> >>> surveys and censuses <<<  to<br>the extent of Sh.120<br>Million per Notes 2b and<br>2c.|\n\n\n\nxxvii", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "surveys and censuses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Quota<br>tions|Limited<br>Single Stage - One E<br>nvelope|6,078.00|0.00<br>Under Imple<br>mentation|2023-02-15<br>2|024-03-11<br>2023-04-12|2023-07-11|\n|UG-MWE-340135-GO-RFQ / P<br>rinting of 500 copies of the G<br>RM \" >>> Complaints Log Books <<< \" u<br>nder IFPA-CD Project<br>IDA / 65920|Component 4. Project Manag<br>ement and Monitoring<br>Post|Request for Quota<br>tions|Limited<br>Single Stage - One E<br>nvelope|11,000.00|0.00<br>Under Imple<br>mentation|2023-02-24|2023-04-21|2023-05-21|\n|UG-MWE-340157-GO-RFQ / S<br>up", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Complaints Log Books", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ber increases considerably. \n\n_88. Ne\\\\T_ and increased rates for new subscribers and increased rates for all interurban calls were introduced on January 1, 1954. Other rate in\u00ad creases may be effected, if justified, as  >>> traffic statistics <<<  are acquired and", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "traffic statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he main reason for returning.<sup>4</sup> In Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan, the average duration of stay overseas of return migrants estimated from surveys is 6.5, 2 and 1.8 years, respectively.\n\n# **3 Data**\n\n## **3.1  >>> Household Survey Data <<< **\n\nSuitable microdata to carry out a detailed analysis of temporary and return migration is rare globally (Bossavie and Ozden 2022), including for South Asia. Administrative data at origin in Bangladesh, Nepal and Pakistan only records temporary migrants once they exit the origi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Household Survey Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ata Collection 2. Planning and Preparation<br>3. Asset<br>Enumeration<br>Comprehensive Informal Settlements<br>Comprehensive Literature Review<br>Data Collection<br>Key Informant Data Collection ( County Government,<br>- >>> PAP Socio Economic Data <<<  Community SECs, PAPs, KISIP and other Stakeholders<br>-Plot owner, structure owner and Tenants data<br>-Structure Use/condition data<br>Data Integration<br>Into GIS platform<br>Bench Marking on Best Global<br>Practices on Ressettlemet Action<br>4. Data Analysis  plans<br>E-syste", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "PAP Socio Economic Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ecrutement d\u2019un consultant i<br>ndividuel pour une assistanc<br>e technique dans le cadre de<br>la  >>> base de donn\u00e9es <<< |IDA / D8300|Component 3: Regional dialo<br>gue, coordination and data a<br>nd capacity building<br>P|ost|Individual Consult<br>ant Selection|Limited|20,000.00|0.00<br>Under Implement<br>ation|2022-07-18|2022-06-30|2022-07-25||2022-08-2|4|2022-09-19|||2023-04-04||\n|BF-ALG-292236-", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "base de donn\u00e9es", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Women who received SDT(to be updated with completed  >>> exit studies data <<< )|6,305|\n|Women who acquired new skills through SDT|3,468|\n|Number. of women who have improved existingskills|5,653|\n|Womengroups that wereprovided refresher courses|324|\n\n\n\n28", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "exit studies data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s for obtaining the Ministry of Interior ID cards, work permits, and (work-related) camp leave permits (target date: biannually, starting September 2016) \n\n**DLI #2: Annual public disclosure by \u201cBetter Work Jordan\u201d of a  >>> report on factory-level compliance <<<  with a list of at least 29 social and environmental-related items** \n\n_Context_ \n\n10. Lessons learned based on an evaluation of five SEZs conducted by USAID and recent compliance synthesis reports prepared by Better Work Jordan have provided a sound basis of understanding of the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "report on factory-level compliance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "339108~~<br>\u25baHealth: Average scor|The numbers are rep<br>2130 out of 2184 sub<br>e in the RBF facility assessment|orted by the government and a<br>counties with population >150<br>improves (Text, Custom)|re based on the  >>> OTIMS <<<  an<br>00 have functional HC IIIs o|d Health LLG submission.<br>r IVs.|\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|N/A|N/A|Yes (RBF conducted<br>66.9%)|in<br>Yes|\n|Date|30-Jun-2017|30-May-2023|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "OTIMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and the transparency of the beneficiary lists have the potential to<br>prevent and detect fraud.<br>Management information systems at the program level are being improved, and a new<br>single registry with links to the  >>> National Population Registration System <<<  (NPRS) is<br>being created to share information on beneficiaries across all five programs and with<br>the civil registry.<br>Regular monitoring will be carried-out by an independent third party.|\n|2. Delays or leakage in<br>the payment of<br>beneficiaries|A full-time expert will", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "National Population Registration System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# Table D: The coverage of the  >>> SDG labor market indicators <<<  by type of survey\n\n|**Target**|**Indicator**|**LSMS\u2010ISA**|**LSMS**|**LFS**|**DHS**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere**||||||\n|1.1 By 2030, eradicate extreme poverty for all people everywhere,<br>currently measured as people living on l", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "SDG labor market indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and Audit|Prior|Quality And Cost-<br>Based Selection|Open - International|1,000,000.00|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementation|2021-07-01|2021-07-22|2021-09-04|2021-10-02|2021-11-01||2021-12-06||2022-01-10||2023-01-10|\n|CS4 /  >>> Road Safety Database <<< |IBRD / 84890|Component 2 - Institutional<br>Reforms|Prior|Quality And Cost-<br>Based Selection|Open - International|1,500,000.00|0.00<br>Pending<br>Implementation|2020-03-", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Road Safety Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n|Comments<br>~~IN01153729~~|Result surpassed the<br>conduct DHS2020/21<br>the last ISR date eve|target. Result was achieved i<br>due to COVID-19 and securit<br>n if the data has not been upd|n 2019 as verified by mini D >>> HS2019 <<< . The Ministry did not<br>y situation in the country. The last actual date refers to<br>ated for that reporting period.|\n\n\n\n# \u25baContraceptive Prevalence Rate ( for Rural women only) (Percentage, Custom) \n\n||Baseline<br>Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "HS2019", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt projects<br>Number|prepared and<br>0.00|Appraised in-hou<br>4.00|se ready for funding<br>Quarterly and Annually| >>> NPA Annual Report <<< |NPA Project<br>Management staff|\n\n\n\nDescription: Percentage of Capital Investment projects prepared and Appraised in-house ready for funding \n\nPage 20 of 25 \n\nOfficial Use", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "NPA Annual Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "MENTISSUES|5-54|\n|5.10|IMPACT OFPROJECTDEVELOPMENT|5-55|\n|**6**<br>**REFERE**|**NCES**<br>**6-59**||\n\n\n\nAPPENDIX 1: Public grievance form \n\n## **LIST OF FIGURES** \n\n_Figure 2.1: Grievance Redress Procedure_ Figure 5.1.1  >>> Education data <<<  of population within the project area _Figure 5.2(a) Sources of Incomes of population within the project area Figure 5.2(b) Sources of  Incomes of population within the project area Figure 5.3 Incomes Levels of population within the project area Figure 5.3.1 Property Ownership_ ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Education data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nvestment and technology acquisition, and exports. We conclude with an extended discussion of the policy lessons.\n\n## **JEL Classification** : D21, O12, O14.\n\n**Key words** : African manufacturing, economic performance,  >>> survey data <<< .\n\nWorld Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3798, December 2005 _The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "le to register the births of children. \n\n- Publishing annual statistics on issuance of official documents confirming identity and nationality, and percentage of applications refused, appeals granted, etc. \n\n- Publishing  >>> annual statistics on acquisition of nationality <<<  by naturalisation or similar procedures, including country of original nationality (or stateless / undocumented status), and percentage of applications refused. \n\n- Clarifying which department or agency is responsible for the consideration and resolution of cases of statelessnes", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "annual statistics on acquisition of nationality", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "  >>> public finance data <<<  but also by stimulating direct participation in PIB monitoring. First, the project will support the publication of public budget and spending in a user-friendly and reusable format through online BOOST and ensure the publication of key financial and performance data of SOEs. Sec", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "public finance data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ications/Selected-Issues-Papers/2023/English/SIPEA20230</u> Tukey, J. (1977). Exploratory Data Analysis; Addison-wesley series in behavioral sciencequantitative methods. Reading, MA, USA: Addison-Wesley.\n\nUNFPA. (2023).  >>> World Population Dashboard Nigeria <<< . United Nations. Retrieved 01 03, 2024, - from United Nations Population Fund Dashboard: https://www.unfpa.org/data/world <u>population/NG</u> Wang, D., Andr\u00e9e, B.P.J., Chamorro, A., & Girouard, S. (2022). Transitions into and out of food insecurity: A probabilistic approach wit", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "World Population Dashboard Nigeria", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Civil Service Reform Secretariat DPM Directorate of Personnel Management GOK Government of Kenya **GTI** Government Training Institute ICB International Competitive Bidding **IDA** International Development Association  >>> IPPD Integrated Personnel and Payroll Database <<<  KIA Kenya Institute of Administration **MCS** Management Consulting Services MRC Ministerial Reform Committee **NSC** National Steering Committee **ODA** Overseas Development Administration **O&M** Operations and Maintenance Expenditure PFP Policy Framework Paper **PIN** Persona", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "IPPD Integrated Personnel and Payroll Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". Bar shows average in each region. Orange whiskers show regional range. Red line shows average of advanced economy programs launched in 2020.\n\nC.D.  >>> Country-level data <<<  are as reported in October 2021 Fiscal Monitor by the International Monetary Fund. Country groups are weighted by GDP in U.S. dollars for 2019. Revenue and spending measures exclude deferred taxes and advance payments.\n\n26", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Country-level data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " other progra_es of surveys and methodologies for project evaluation. In many countries this is likely to be achieved by conducting health interview surveys that focus on morbiditv and children's nutritional status, but  >>> retrospective data on mortality <<<  should also be collected.\n\n- (6) The variety of health problems and priorities in developing countries suggests that any core questionnaire should be fairly brief. Reviews of existing data should feed into the development of a design and questionnaire that reflect health problem", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "retrospective data on mortality", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y Project(P178808) \n\n## **Intermediate Indicators by Components** \n\n\n\n|Baseline<br>**Improving Public**|ClosingPeriod<br>**Administration Capabilities**|\n|---|---|\n|**Complete HR records of federal civil servants in new  >>> IHRPS <<< (Percentage) **||\n|Feb/2024|Jul/2029|\n|0.00|80.00|\n|\u27a2of which women (Percentage)||\n|Jan/2024|Jun/2029|\n|0.00|80.00|\n|**Federal Public Bodies with approved competency frameworks, including gender, clim**<br>|**ate, and digital competencies(Number) **<br>|\n|Jan/2024|Jun/2029|\n|0.00", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "IHRPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "propriated for public purposes. \n\n- 14) World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) on Involuntary Resettlement. WB: December    2001. \n\n- 15)  >>> Dugda woreda Socio Economic Profile <<<  (2015) unpublished. \n\n- 16)      Adami Tulu woreda Socio Economic Profile (2015) unpublished. \n\n- 17) CSA Population Projection of 2013. \n\nDaewoo E&C Co.ltd                                                                                                             Page 89", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Dugda woreda Socio Economic Profile", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "participants of each category were identified and requested to bring their friends within the set FGD requirements. Stock taking was undertaken after each FDG to ensure persons with specific needs were included. \n\n> _1_  >>> Biometric Registration Update <<<  as of 8 July 2017 available at : https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/58456 \n\n> _2 Ibid._ \n\nUNHCR / 19, July, 2017 \n\n2", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Biometric Registration Update", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "upport, including those exited. Only under the \u2018mothers with 3<br>children\u2019 targetingcategoryare the dependents included. For all other categories,onlythe main beneficiaryis included.|\n|Frequency|Quarterly|\n|Data source| >>> U-PASS <<< (later MIS)|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Regular monitoring|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MoUI and MoWSA|\n|Indicator Name|Revise**Permanent Direct Support(PDS) beneficiaries(Number)  **|\n|Description|The total active caseload enrolled and receiving permanent dir", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "U-PASS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">Registry|The Social Registry will<br>inform on the number<br>of households that<br>were registered in<br>collines hosting<br>refugees|Agency handling the<br>social registry|\n|Proportion of households enrolled in the<br> >>> beneficiary database <<<  living below the<br>extreme poverty line|Share of project<br>beneficiaries that have a<br>consumption below the<br>food poverty line|Annual|Enrolment<br>module of<br>the project<br>management<br>information<br>system|Socio-economic data<br>will be collected from<br>beneficiaries", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "beneficiary database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tail|ED|ED|Post|**12 000,00**|29-avril-19|Nouvelle activit\u00e9 PTA<br>2019|\n|02|A.16|Consultants charg\u00e9s de saisie des<br> >>> Registres des sites <<< |ED|ED|Post|**34 321,33**|20-mai-19|Nouvelle activit\u00e9 PTA<br>2019|\n|03|B.2|Consultant Individuel en charge de<br>l\u2019\u00e9laboration de l\u2019ICR|INDV|ED|Post|**5 000,00**|21-mai-19|Nouvelle activit\u00e9 PTA<br>2019|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "Registres des sites", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " of studies (ongoing<br>participatory<br>assessments, midterm<br>and terminal<br>evaluations) completed<br>according to M&E<br>results-based<br>framework|0|70%|80%|90%<br>(Baseline<br>survey)<br>(Fish<br>management)<br>( >>> Flow recorders <<< )<br>(MTR report)||100<br>%|100%|\u2022<br>Household and community<br>survey in the Ribb and<br>Megech", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Flow recorders", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " offices, in Logone Occidentale and Bar-el-Ghazel. It has surveyed close to 30,000 potential beneficiaries, registered and provided cash transfers to approximately 6,200 households, and is supporting the creation of the  >>> Unified Social Registry <<< . \n\n5. The CFS will open at least three additional fully staffed regional offices. Aside from a regional coordinator, each regional office will include a financial management specialist, M&E specialist, safeguards specialist, two technical specialists to manage components 1 and 2", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "val", "mention": "Unified Social Registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "12-1|1<br>2020-10-12|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|CF-PDNPD-149222-CS-INDV<br>/ ENMC3: Recrutement d'un<br>consultant individuel, pour le<br>traitement et l'apurement des<br> >>> donn\u00e9es de l'enqu\u00eate <<< .<br>I|DA / D1710|Statistical recovery,<br>rehabilitation,<br>professionalization and<br>modernization of ICASEES|Post|Individual<br>Consultant", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "donn\u00e9es de l'enqu\u00eate", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " increase of fisheries can be expected, but consequently fisheries rates drop drastically if not managed properly.  Mwache Dam PIU will hire a fisheries expert to undertake fisheries studies.  The experts working on the  >>> fish catch monitoring program <<<  will therefore develop together with PAHs a fisheries-co-management program to allow", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "val", "mention": "fish catch monitoring program", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "the cultural sector, satellite accounts are expanding. In the first-ever groundbreaking partnership in the United States, the Bureau of Economic Analysis teamed up with the National Endowment for the Arts to develop an \u201c >>> Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account <<< \u201d (ACPSA). This new account would \u201cidentify and calculate the arts and culture sector\u2019s contributions\u201d to GDP.<sup>31</sup> <mark>But inasmuch as political debates continue to focus on economic growth, accounts labeled \u2018satellite\u2019 might have a hard time becoming influential.</mar", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Arts and Cultural Production Satellite Account", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ugh<br>which public institutions (schools, health facilities, FTCs/PTCs, markets, veterinary clinics, water systems, etc.) will be provided solar panels and improved<br>cookingstoves.|\n|Frequency|Quarterly|\n|Data source| >>> QuarterlyProgress Report <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|MIS|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|PCU|\n|Indicator Name<sup>**REVISED**</sup>|**Host community beneficiaries (Percentage)**|\n|Description|This indicator measures the number of host communities who benefit from access to improved and ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "QuarterlyProgress Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "** >>> INTERIM FINANCIAL MONITORING REPORT <<<  (IFMR). -  FOR PERIOD ENDING \u2026............. CREDIT NUMBER\u2026............ ENTITY -** \n\n|Disbursement<br>Cat/Subcat.<br>(col 1)|Name &<br>Address<br>of Contractor<br>Contract<br>Reference<br>Signing date<br>(col 2)|Contract<br>Currency<br>and Value<br>(col 3)|Invoiced<br>Amounts  du", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "INTERIM FINANCIAL MONITORING REPORT", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y should ensure timely release of funds and MoE to ensure fast verification and monitoring process for the DLIs achieved. b) Fix/upgrade NEMIS to eliminate human intervention. Meanwhile, cleansing and harmonizing of the  >>> NEMIS data <<<  vs actual enrollment in the schools is necessary. (c) MoE to address issues for late release of capitation as well as delays in release of funds for county-based activities.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NEMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ade by the highest level of the GRM appealing system within one month time. If still not satisfied with the decision made by the RGMC, the person will be informed the right to appeal through the formal court system. \n\nA  >>> written record of all complaints <<<  will be maintained, having all the necessary information required for its management (see SEP for details). \n\nThe project will provide contact details for responsible personnel assigned for the GRM, during consultation and awareness raising sessions, MILLs websites as well as po", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "written record of all complaints", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rocaire (Luuq/Gedo region), Ayub NGO (Lower Shabelle) SEDHURO (Luuq/Gedo region), and CEDA (Luuq/Gedo region), NRC, Galmudug Commission for Refugees and IDPs (Galmudug), GCEPD (protection partner in Galmudug). See also:  >>> Multi-hazard Displacement Projections Quarter 2 <<<  (April-June 2025) - Somalia | ReliefWeb. \n\n- ii <u>Document - Flash Alert_16_Escalating Clan Conflict and Insecurity in Luuq District, Gedo Region, Jubaland, Somalia</u> \n\n- iii https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/111970 \n\niv Ibid \n\nv This is a conservative estimate, see", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Multi-hazard Displacement Projections Quarter 2", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ized, and refers to<br>annual value|\n|3. Births attended by skilled<br>health personnel|%|16|15.7|34|48|Annual|HMIS|MoH|Figures are rounded|\n|4. Proportion of malfunctioning<br>water supplies|%|20|20|18|16|Annual|Annual| >>> MoWE reports <<< |MoWE|\n\n\n\n7 UOM = Unit of Measurement. \n\n- 8 Target values are entered for the years data will be available, not necessarily annually.  When targets refer to annual values, it is indicated in the \u201cfrequency\u201d column. Otherwise, notes are provided in the \u201cComments\u201d column. Targets ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MoWE reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "adoption. For implicit countries. income, inflation, deficit, and M2 stability are averaged over all years for which data were available.  >>> Bank crisis data <<<  are for the five years leading up to the last decision to retain an implicit program (i.e., 1990-94). For both implicit and explicit countries, the ICRG Law Index (a six-point scale with higher values indicating a stronger legal tradition) is averaged over 1985-91. M2 instabilit", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank crisis data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nder disaggregation) reporting project financing reflected their needs (including ease of access, quality, process, disclosure, responsiveness of needs, etc.) and (ii) a report analyzing and assessing the results of the  >>> CE survey <<< , which will contain actionable recommendations for project adjustments informed by citizen feedback. The result of these indicators will help the Project effectively close any feedback loops with beneficiaries with the aim of serving them better. Quarterly reporting will include", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CE survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e and Technology (2020). \n\n> 29  Mbarara University of Science and Technology (2020), The marginalization of the Batwa people of Southwestern Uganda, as an indigenous community; Bwindi Mgahinga Conservation Trust (2016)  >>> Batwa Population Census Report <<< . \n\n17", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Batwa Population Census Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " to manage human-wildlife conflict including providing equipment as neededl \n\n   - (v) Procurement of field vehicles, road equipment, communication equipment, field, and office equipment; and \n\n   - (vi) Support for the  >>> National Forest Monitoring System <<< . \n\n2", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Forest Monitoring System", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "=**<br>6<br>9<br>|\n|Gross domestic tnvestment|||7.0|10.0|-2.6|**L20-**|\n|Imports of goods and servces<br>|||6.3<br> <br>|13.0<br>|2.0<br>|,Exports<br>-. 0-Imports|\n|Gross national product||1.8|<br>7.1|9.8|6.0||\n\n\n\nNote:  >>> 1997 data <<<  are preliminary estimates. \n\nThis table was produced from the Development Economics central database. \n\nThe diamonds show four key indicators in the country (in bold) compared with its income-group average. I data are missing, the diamond will be incomplete", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "1997 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "reas. This could lead to exclusion of those who have no access to digital tools and technology, people who have different forms of disability, pastoralists, residing in remote areas. The project involves construction of  >>> Tax Data Warehouse <<<  for the MoR. If any of the tax data warehouse happen in the regions and areas affected by conflict, security is a major risk, which requires a risk management plan. The different risks and impacts can be addressed during planning and design, implementation, and operation.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Tax Data Warehouse", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t from MFIs, Saccos, Banks, Rotating Savings and Credit Associations, other formal/ Informal cooperatives, and mobile platforms (MSME Survey 2016). \n\n***Note: Based on MNO 2020 data for unlicensed MSME loan accounts and  >>> CBK 2018 data <<<  for licensed MSME loan accounts \n\n****Note: Assumption based on loan limit on unsecured loans by banks of US$1,000 \n\n### **Estimated coverage and allocation of CGS (Component 2)** \n\n2. The estimated scale of project support through the CGS is outlined in Table 4.2. The CGS could", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CBK 2018 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|3.00|3.00|5.00|\n|Date|30-May-2014|18-Dec-2017|15-Jun-2018|30-Jun-2019|\n\n\n\n\uf075 Indicator 2: Percentage of users who are satisfied with official statistics methodologies as determined by the  >>> user satisfaction survey <<< . (Percentage, Custom) \n\n||Baseline|Actual  (Previous)|Actual  (Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|94.00|94.00|97.00|\n|Date|30-May-2014|18-Dec-2017|15-Jun-2018|30-Jun-2019|\n\n\n\n\uf075 Indicator 3: Execution rate of annual statistical release calendar (Percentage, Cu", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "user satisfaction survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "enya Urban Reproductive Health Initiative Survey key findings. The survey covered Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, Kakamega and Machakos. The dissemination was done centrally in Nairobi. \n\n- Preparatory activities for **2019**  >>> Kenya Population and Housing Census <<<  was initiated and a draft **2019** KPHC proposal and Cabinet Memorandum developed. **A** siicytour mission-t enegals -dertaken-toAearrHown aesus-ca iidone using computer aide personal interviewing (CAPI). Development of **2019** Kenya Population and Housing Census Cartographic M", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Kenya Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "987, GOU would furnish to IDA/IFAO a detailed review of the overall project performance with recommendations for any changes in project design. \n\n3.59 The consultant would be responsible for designing and implementing a  >>> base-line survey <<<  needed before the start-up of the agricultural extension component, and for the system to be used for monitoring the distribution and sale of goods provided through the project warehouses at Tororo, Lira and Soroti (para 7.08). At negotiations, assurances were obtained that plan", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "base-line survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oved. T<br>ned.|he indicator shou|ld start showing p|rogress in the|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Pipeline and active projects|0|Dec/2023|0<br>06-Dec-2024|30|12-Jun-2025|95|Dec/2028|\n|processed and monitored in<br> >>> PIMIS <<<  (Percentage)|Comments on<br>achieving  targ|ets|On track|||||\n|National government MDAs|0|Dec/2023|0<br>06-Dec-2024|0|12-Jun-2025|90|Dec/2028|\n|using e-GP to manage the<br>public procurement cycle<br>(Percentage)|Comments on<br>achieving  targ|ets|The e-GP has been piloted in<br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "PIMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Expenditure|\n|TA|Technical Assistance|\n|TIC|Internal Consumption Tax (_Taxe Int\u00e9rieure de Consommation_)|\n|ToR|Terms of Reference|\n|UIN|Unique Identifier Number|\n|VAT|Value Added Tax|\n|WDR|World Development Report|\n|WGI| >>> Worldwide Governance Indicators <<< |\n\n\n\nRegional Vice President: Hafez  Ghanem Country Director: Asad Alam Senior Global Practice Director: Deborah L. Wetzel Practice Manager: Renaud Seligmann Task Team Leader(s): Robert A. Yungu, Axel Rifon Perez", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Worldwide Governance Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "iate mediation mechanisms which must be available to cater for claims, disputes and grievances at this early stage.  A template form for claims should be developed and these forms be collated on a quarterly basis into a  >>> database held at project level <<< . \n\n## **VIII.  Verification** \n\n11. The Mediation Meeting Minutes, including agreements of compensation and evidence of compensation made shall be provided to the Municipality/district, to the supervising engineers, who will maintain a record hereof, and to auditors and socio-ec", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database held at project level", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r plans have been effectively implemented.|\n|**Qualitative,**<br>**quantitative,**|Completion/<br>decommissio|\u2713 Ensure that physical sites are properly restored, stabilized and<br>impacts are mitigated|\n|**and/or**<br>** >>> participatory data <<< **<br>**collection on a**<br>**sample basis**|n|\u2713 Ensure E&S measures are taken in accordance with legal<br>agreements and WB E&S standards and national EPA<br>requirement.|\n\n\n\n##### **a. Subproject Assessment and Analysis \u2013 E&S Screening** \n\nAs a first step, all proposed activit", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "participatory data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "] contract award details of all procurement of Works, Goods, IT system procurement and non-consulting services  using open international procedure; and [d] a  >>> list of contracts/purchase orders <<<  placed following DC procedures on a quarterly basis. Further, the implementing agency will also publish on their websites any information required under the provisions of \u2018 _suo moto_ \u2019 disclosure as specified by the Right to Information Act. \n\n10", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "list of contracts/purchase orders", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts targeting refugee needs.<br>4. INVITE lead investor and value chain<br>driven approach will help inform GROW<br>entrepreneur and infrastructure selection.|\n\n\n\n41 UNHCR and Office of the Prime Minister. February 2022.  >>> Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal <<< . _https://data2.unhcr.org/en/country/uga._ \n\nPage 70 of 77", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda Comprehensive Refugee Response Portal", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u201cdash for cash.\u201d The G-SIB deposit ratios increase from mean and P90 values of 78.18 and 85.31 percent in 2019:Q4 to 81.45 and 88.41 percent in 2020:Q4, respectively.\n\n# **4.2 Additional Statistics That Do Not Depend on  >>> Accounting Data <<< **\n\nWe evaluate whether bank failures during the crisis may have distorted the accounting data and masked significant problems in the U.S. banking industry. The FDIC reports only four of the over 5,000 U.S. banks failed in 2020, including one failure on February 14 before COVID-1", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Accounting Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o hold meetings at sub-county headquarters where grievances are received by a contact person such as the Sub-county chief who would then hand over received complaints to the Sub-county/District GO, for entering into the  >>> grievance log <<<  using the grievance form. The log would indicate grievances, date lodged, actions taken to address or reasons the grievance was not acted on (i.e. the grievance was not related to the resettlement process); information provided to complainant and date the grievance was closed. \n", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "grievance log", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gn and implementation of a national communication campaign on foundational learning.|\n|---|---|\n|Frequency|Annual|\n|Data source|MEP Curriculum Department|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Media company will conduct a  >>> sample survey of targeted audience <<<  as part of an evaluation of MEP communications.|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|PIU|\n|**IRI 2.2.1 Management Se**<br>**efficiency standards \u2013 Cli**|**rvice Provider contract in adequate implementation, including a clause requiring computer equipment to meet energy**<br>*", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "sample survey of targeted audience", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*effective  >>> health data <<<  use**|**(Yes/No )**||||\n|No|No|No|Yes|Yes|Yes|\n|0.00|0.00|0.00|3,250,000.00|1,500,000.00|3,250,000.00|\n|DLI allocation||8,000,000.00|As a % of Total Financing Am|ount|2.29%|\n|\u27a210.1 : Establishm|ent of a national health d|ata quality assurance (HDQA) frame|<br>work and action pla", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "health data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Implementation 2021-12-21 2022-01-04 2022-02-03 2022-03-10 2022-09-06<br>d stocking system for all tran<br>sfusing facilities in the public<br>sector<br> KE-MOH-272316-CS-CQS / C<br>onsultancy services to condu<br>ct a  >>> nationwide survey to guide community engagement <<<  a IDA / 65980 Community discussion and information outreach Post Consultant Qualification  Selection Limited 100,000.00 0.00 Pending Implementation 2022-01-12 2022-01-26 2022-02-25 2022-04-01 2022-09-28<br>ctivities that will support com<br>munity resilience and recove<br>ry fro", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationwide survey to guide community engagement", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "WPS8592 Policy Research Working Paper 8592 Background Paper to the 2019 World Development Report  >>> Global Dataset on Education Quality <<<  A Review and Update (2000\u20132017) _Harry Anthony Patrinos Noam Angrist_ Education Global Practice September 2018", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Dataset on Education Quality", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "or Sudan are for 2004 and taken from World Bank (2007); data for average effective tariff for South Sudan are taken from World Bank (2011). For the thermal benchmark, data represent primarily residential users.\n\n_Note:_  >>> Access to electricity data for Sudan <<<  are estimates based on calculations from the AICD economic model for power investment needs. Installed capacity per million population was calculated based on Platts (2009) estimates for installed capacity. * The aggregate is based on manufacturing firms.\n\nExcessive reliance on ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Access to electricity data for Sudan", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ut have now improved again.<br>Collection levels atthe end of<br>last year were lower than the<br>end of project target of 95%.|<br>Current Target value under<br>Original Concession<br>Agreements is set at 95%.|\n\n\n\n## ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<<  (as of 27-Jul", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Cities providing regular<br>quarterly progress<br>reports(Percentage)|0|100|100|88|100|100|Quarterly|Regular<br>Monitoring<br>/MIS|Regular<br>Monitoring/<br>MIS|MUI|\n|PW and PDS<br>beneficiaries included in<br>i|||||||| >>> PMT data <<< <br>i|PMT data<br>i||\n|i<br>the beneficiary registry<br>with full PMT data<br>(Percentage)|0|100|100|94|94|94|Quarterly|collection<br>system|collection<br>system|MUI|\n|Complaints to GRM<br>committees<br>satisfactorily addressed<br>within three months of<br>initial complaint being", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PMT data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "res because of this obviously ad-hoc procedure.\n\nImproving on this issue requires some information on the relevant preference u. This information can potentially be taken from different sources (Decancq and Lugo, 2013).  >>> Subjective well-being data <<<  may be one source of information on u, as suggested by Decancq et al. (2015) or by in Decancq et al. (2019)", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Subjective well-being data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "reakdown)|\n|---|\n\n\n\n||Baseline|Actual  (Previous)|Actual  (Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|0.00|0.00|171000.00|\n|Date|01-Jan-2015|27-Oct-2015|24-Jun-2016|31-Dec-2020|\n\n\n\n## Overall Comments \n\n## ** >>> Global Environmental Objective Indicators <<< ** \n\n6/30/2016 \n\nPage 4 of 10 \n\nPublic Disclosure Copy", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Environmental Objective Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " relevant licenses, permits,and approvals required to start operations.|\n|**Data source/ Agency**|NT|\n|**Verification Entity**|NT|\n||_Supporting documents:_|\n|**Procedure**|\uf0b7<br>Copy of KMRC license by CBK.<br>\uf0b7<br> >>> KMRC Bank Record <<<  showing funding provided by National Treasury and Planning|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KMRC Bank Record", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> MIS data <<< <br>records.<br>DLR 5.3: Training registry maintained by the IPA and HRMIS data records.<br>DLR 5.4: HRMIS data reports.|\n|Verification Entity|KACE.|\n|Procedure|DLR 5.0: Verification of adopted SPAC by-law and subsidiary regulation.<br>DLR 5.1: Verification of recruitment records", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "--|---|---|\n||provided by the NT to<br>the incorporated<br>company.|additional funding/capital<br>provided by the NT to the<br>incorporated company.|acceptable to the<br>Association.<br>\u2022 A letter from the NT<br>and/ or  >>> bank record <<< <br>confirming additional<br>funding/capital provided<br>by the NT to the<br>incorporated company.|\n|**Protocol to e**<br>**Data source/**<br>**Verification e**|**valuate achievement of the P**<br>**agency**: NT<br>**ntity**: OAG|**BC and data/result**||\n|**Procedure:**O|AG to ob", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bank record", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "least two such ER Programs for: \n\n- a) Improving estimations from forest degradation; \n\n- **b)** Updating forest inventory and quantify biomass and stock estimates for trees outside \"forests\", which include updating the  >>> database of inventory data <<<  and provision of training to the **NFA** and **UWA** staff in forest inventory and data analysis; \n\n- c) Institutionalizing the MRV system and its deployment at regional **/** zonal levels as per the approved design; \n\n- **d)** Piloting a specific activity for community led moni", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of inventory data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ybrid) for Strengthening  Primary Health Care Services. (P175167) \n\n|and improve the<br>quality of the DHIS2|||||report has yet to be<br>prepared.||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|MOH to conduct<br>annual analysis of<br> >>> DHIS-2 data <<<  on still<br>births with action<br>points|Technical|MOH|Recurrent|Yearly|MOH annual report|No change|\n|Devise and<br>implement a<br>matching fund<br>mechanism between<br>Ministry of Health<br>and Regional Health<br>Bureaus<br>(RHBs)/Regional<br>states (DRM)|Technical|MOH/RHB|Recu", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHIS-2 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " South Ethiopia<br>and South-West Ethiopia Regions of the country.|\n|---|---|\n|8.**Cultural**<br>**Heritage**|ESS8 is relevant as the project will involve rehabilitation of offices and<br>overhaul/development of ICSMIS,  >>> IHRPS <<< , and IFMIS in existing government<br>premises; thus, the potential adverse impacts of these activities are expected to be<br>low. Thus, the project\u2019s ESMF has incorporated \u201cchance finds\u201d procedures to address<br>potential adverse impacts on cultural heritage consistent with the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IHRPS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ImpactAss~ssments(ESIA)Briefs<br>_.,._\"|\u2022.0.13|;>l<br>0.03|_I!_<br>0.10|\n|**Sub-component4.2:Enabling Environment**|||~~-~~|\n|Supplies'Yf&\"\u00b7various projectmeetings'\\ t'IU|_b:02_|I \u2022.<br>0.00|..\u00b7.\u2022<br>0.01|\n|Updating the  >>> Electrification Survey Report <<< ,2018<br>by UBOS|0.22|0.17|0.05|\n|Technical ASsistancetoMEMDtowards the<br>implemen_tationofthe second-generatibn power<br>sector reJorms|0.21|'.r!-<br>0.16<br>_'.ii_|0.05 .<br>,,<br>,_,.,.|\n|Interim Marketing activities to support connection<br>Implementation|0.15|0.05|0.10|\n|Co", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Electrification Survey Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "021|\u2713|\u2713|\u2713|2013-2021|\n|RS|497|\u2713|\u2713|\u2713|2016-2021|\u2713|\u2713|\u2713|2010-2021|\n|SP|644|||||\u2713|\u2713|\u2713|2008-2021|\n|Total|3,076||||2009-2021||||2008 - 2021|\n\n**Notes** : This table reports temporal and geographical coverage of our dataset. For  >>> procurement data <<< , the number of municipalities for PR is 392 due to problems with the conversion of xml files. In the budget execution data, the original data does not include the municipalities of _Quixab\u00e1_ and _Santa Teresinha_ in the state of PB. We could not obtain the data for the S\u00e3o Paulo", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "procurement data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mplementation Status & Results Report \n\n**The World Bank** KE Electricity Modernization Project (P120014) \n\n\n\n|Date|30-Jun-2014|07-May-2021|01-Dec-2021|30-Nov-2022|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Comments**:**<br>~~IN01070376~~| >>> KPLC Customer Data <<< |base Total number of new cu|stomers connected by KPLC.||\n|\u25baKPLC  Commercial l|osses (Percentage, Custom)||||\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|6.70|10.50|9.07|6.10|\n|Date|30-Jun-2014|07-May-2021|01-Dec-2021|30-Nov-2022|\n|~~IN01070377~~<br>\u25baAverage ou", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "KPLC Customer Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ill create and<br>maintain a e-<br>ID registry which will<br>initially be populated via a<br>mass enrollment campaign<br>and by leveraging the work<br>and data gathered by the<br>national social security fund<br>and the  >>> social registry <<< . The<br>percentage of population<br>with unique ID is obtain by<br>dividing total recipients of<br>e-ID to total population.|ANSIE/PCU and the<br>General Directorate<br>of the Population at<br>the Ministry of<br>Interior.|\n\n\n\nPage 34 of 69", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "social registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "is indicator estimates demand-side social accountability through engagement with project<br>beneficiaries and the extent to which project activities and outcomes are meeting<br>beneficiaries\u2019 demands. This is based on a  >>> perception survey <<<  administered to a representative<br>sample of beneficiaries including, VMGs and focus on fisheries and aquaculture management<br>and livelihood diversification. Survey results will be disaggregated by sex. Citizen engagement<br>is an indicator. Annual targets.<br>The survey for ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "perception survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">for Data<br>Collection|DCT|Directorate of<br>Examination and<br>Testing (DET)|As will be<br>identified in the<br>M&E framework|\n|---|---|---|---|\n|**Collection an**<br> <br>Data<br>Collection<br>Instruments|MoE Reports| >>> MoE reports <<< |Classroom<br>Observation<br>Studies|\n|**Data**<br>Frequency<br>and<br>Reports|Yrs 1, 3 and<br>5|Mid-term<br>and Yr 6|Mid-term<br>and Yr 5|\n|YR6||Harmonized<br>examinations<br>in pace|73%|\n|YR5|All subjects<br>for grades<br>11-12<br>reviewed<br>and fine-<br>tuned|||\n|**t Values**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MoE reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ver and often stagnant for refugees compared with nationals. \n\n- This suggests that an unobservable \u201crefugee factor\u201d inhibits refugees\u2019 recovery after a significant shock and aggravates preexisting vulnerability. \n\n## ** >>> Socioeconomic Surveys <<<  (SES)** \n\n#### **Surveys** \n\n<u>Kalobeyei SES (2018/19), Kakuma SES (2019/20), Shona SES (2019), and Urban SES (2020/21)</u> \n\n#### **Publications** \n\n<u>Comparative Analysis of Urban and Campbased Refugees</u> \n\n\n\n\n\n#### **Objectives/research questions** \n\n- \u27a2 Generate high-qua", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socioeconomic Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "/10.1596/1813-9450-7709. \n\nUganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and ICF. 2018. _Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2016._ Kampala, Uganda and Rockville, Maryland, USA: UBOS and ICF. \n\nUganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS).  >>> Uganda National Household Survey <<<  2016/2017 Report. ( _https://www.ubos.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/03_20182016_UNHS_FINAL_REPORT.pdf_ ). \n\nWHO\u2019s Global Health Observatory Data. 2014. \n\nWoods, B., Revill, P., Sculpher, M. and Claxton, K., 2016. Country-level cost-effectiveness thresholds: initial estimat", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Household Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "act Assessment (SIA) will include: demography; land tenure; socioeconomic structures, consultations with local authorities and with the Project Affected Persons (PAPs). A key task to be conducted under this process is a  >>> household survey <<<  describing the extent of the social impacts. The social survey should contain general house hold data such as: family size, gender and age information; education; occupation; land ownership, tenure arrangements and so forth. \n\nResettlement plans should be based on recent informa", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ")|(4.60)|(20.77)|(17.66)|\n|n|1,378|1,392|1,378|\n|R-squared|0.143|0.299|0.224|\n|RMSE|4.72|8.04|8.02|\n\n_Note_ : Figures in parentheses are robust t-statistics. *, **, ***: significant at 10, 5, and 1 percent respectively.  >>> Annual data <<<  from 1996-2013 for low- and middle-income countries. RMSE = root mean square error, or sample standard deviation.\n\n18", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hodology for Data<br>Collection|Count the number of refugeeprimary schools with functioning gender responsive WASH and MHM facilities provided or upgraded by the Program<br>according to EMIS data and cross-verified with  >>> infrastructure improvement monitoring reports <<< .Data are verified through school WASH assessments and<br>infrastructure improvement monitoringreports.|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|Ministry of Education (MoE), Regional Education Bureaus (REBs)|\n|Indicator Name|**Share of targeted schools receiving the correct amount", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "infrastructure improvement monitoring reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Zhao, and Xia Zhao** , \u201cA  >>> Harmonized Global Nighttime Light Dataset <<<  1992\u20132018,\u201d _Scientific Data_ , 2020, _7_ (168).\n\n- **Litan, Robert and Alice Rivlin** , \u201cProjecting the Economic Impact of the Internet,\u201d _American Economic Review_ , May 2001, _91_ (2), 313\u2013317.\n\n- **Manacorda, Marco and Andrea Tesei** , \u201cLiberation Technology: Mobile Phones a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Harmonized Global Nighttime Light Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Van Alstyne (2005); Rochet and Tirole (2003); Weyl (2010). 14 Argenton and Pr\u00fcfer (2012). 15 Argenton and Pr\u00fcfer (2012); Eisenmann, Parker, and Van Alstyne (2006); Varadajan, Yadav, and Venkatesh (2008). 16 World Bank,  >>> World Development Indicators <<<  (database), http://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators. 17 Corporaal and Lehdonvirta (2017); Dossani and Kenney (2007). 18 Corporaal and Lehdonvirta (2017). 19 Hallward-Driemeier and Nayyar (2017). 20 Brynjolfsson and Kahin (2002). 21Tencent Technology (20", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Development Indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ran**\n\nHai-Anh H. Dang, Djavad Salehi-Isfahani, and Minh N. N. Do<sup>*</sup>\n\n# JEL: E24, I30, J21, O12\n\nKeywords: COVID-19, employment, women\u2019s labor force participation, differences-indifferences, triple differences,  >>> labor force survey <<< , Islamic Republic of Iran\n\n* Dang (hdang@worldbank.org) is senior economist with the Living Standards Measurement Unit, Development Data Group, World Bank and is also affiliated with IZA, Indiana University, and London School of Economics and Political Science; Salehi-Isfahani (", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor force survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erests in land; (c) ensure that public land and land under the management of designated state agencies are sustainably managed for their intended purpose and for future generations; (d) develop and maintain an effective  >>> land information management system <<<  at national", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "land information management system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he Availability and Certainty of Counterpart Funds for the Project: Availability of counterpart funding from KCC for this project would be ensured through the proceeds of the sale of its housing stock. A duly authorized  >>> valuation list of KCC-owned staff houses <<<  certified by the Chief Government Valuer would be a condition of credit effectiveness. The completion of the sale of KCC's staff houses by June 30, 2000 and its housing estates and its other houses by June 30, 2001 would be reflected as financial covenants.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "valuation list of KCC-owned staff houses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ervices and related software and IT equipment, to support the following subcomponents: \n\n41. **Subcomponent 1.** Strengthen national road asset management (US$2 million). This subcomponent will finance the creation of a  >>> road asset database <<<  for the trunk network in Lebanon, the collection of the basic information for the database (such as road condition visual surveys, IRAP assessment of road safety, and traffic counts on select road sections), and the revision of design and maintenance standards to reflect changin", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "road asset database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "stain additional population under the conditions introduced by the resettlement operations. \n\nOne of the key activities to be conducted at this stage is a socio-economic survey that serves as a background for the RAP. A  >>> household census survey <<<  will be conducted, describing the extent of the social impacts, thus identifying villages and households affected by the project as well as preliminary identification of resettlement sites. The boundaries of land owned by the various groups affected should also be described. The", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household census survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "se it is only counting vaccines; however, the MoH has deployed teams to the field to collect data<br>at the health facility levels to update the number and disaggregated figures by RHDs and settlements.<br>Similarly the  >>> disaggregated data <<< --by RHDs and settlements--will be updated in the next ISR given that the<br>available figures at the center are aggregates. The PIU has developed a tool for helping biostatisticians at<br>the center and district levels to disaggregate the data by RHDs and settlements.|\n\n\n\n\uf06cTotal", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Health of Women and Men,\" _The Journal of Human Resources_ 28(4):689-734.\n\nStecklov, Guy, Antoine Bommier, and Ties Boerma, 1999. \"Trends in Equity in Child Survival in Developing Countries: A Illustrative Example using  >>> Ugandan Data <<< .\" MEASURE _Evaluation_", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Ugandan Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "to conduct a thorough  >>> demand survey <<< . A demand or broader market survey may also provide guidance to the government on the following issues:\n\n- to identify the nature and magnitude of the financing gap;\n\n- the appropriateness of the fund as an instrument to support private investment and the timing of the fund;\n\n- ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demand survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> DTM Mali \u2013 D\u00e9cembre 2023 <<<  \n\n### **ANNEXES** \n\n###### Annexe I : Situation des PDIs par regions, cercles et communes  \u00e0 la date du 31 d\u00e9cembre 2023 \n\n|||**Enfant ( < 18**|**ans )**|**A**|**dulte (18 - 5**|**9 ans )**||**Personne**|**\u00e2g\u00e9e ( > 5**|**9 ans )**||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM Mali \u2013 D\u00e9cembre 2023", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tions would be forwarded to IDA with reconciled bank statements and other appropriate documentation. \n\n2. Separate and auditable accounts would be established by EPBiH, EPM, and EPRS. These accounts would include: (i) a  >>> record of withdrawals on the IDA credit <<<  with copies of all disbursement requests and underlying documentation; and (ii) a record of transactions on the special Accounts and the copies of the bank statements on this account.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "record of withdrawals on the IDA credit", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", revised Mar 2009)............................. 41|\n|2.2.2<br> >>> UPOPs Inventory Report <<<  (\u201cNEMA Study\u201d) ........................................................... 43|\n|2.2.2.1<br>BAT/BEP Recommendations to Improve HCW Incineration ............................... 44|\n|2.2.3<br>Evaluation of existing incinerator types .................................................", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "UPOPs Inventory Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t|10,000|\n||||\uf0b7 Groundwater<br>quality<br>must<br>be<br>safeguarded by a correct territorial<br>planning and protection of surface<br>waters since these are strictly linked to<br>ground water resources.<br>\uf0b7 Establish a  >>> database on water quality <<< <br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database on water quality", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts included practical extensions for some consultant contracts, the assignment of communication and strategy contracts, and completion of the strategic plan with steps for implementation. The mission also noted that the  >>> MSME survey <<< , initially planned via KNBS, shifted from a legal contract to a memorandum of understanding; it was suggested to classify this as operating expenditure or continued procurable activity. The team stressed the importance of regular procurement plan reviews and prompt uploading of ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "MSME survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the Sacco segment (see Component 3). The NT Project Implementation Unit (PIU) will track performance throughout the duration of the Project using  >>> data from financial statements published by PFIs <<<  and coordinate with the regulators to obtain on a quarterly basis, comprehensive prudential reports on the PFIs. The Apex institution in collaboration with the NT and regulatory authorities will draft a reporting template that the PFIs will use to provide information about the l", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from financial statements published by PFIs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "planning and monitoring.|MEP Budget planning and<br>monitoring processes<br>revised.|Publicly available report on<br> >>> budget execution data <<< <br>evidencing 50 percent of<br>MEP paid budget<br>expenditures for Selected<br>Subprograms up to July 31<br>in a given Borrower\u2019s fiscal<br>year during Project<br>execution|Publicly available report on<br>budget execution data<br>evidencing 75 percent of<br>MEP paid budget<br>ex", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "budget execution data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tempts to secure \"ownership\" of large tracts of land, can lead to complete dissipation of the rents to be had (Allen 1991).17 Given the undesirable impacts of private rights enforcement, public provision -in the form of  >>> land records <<< , police, and a judiciary- would therefore be preferable in all situations except ones characterized by very low levels of population density (Malik and Schwab, 1992). This is indeed observed throughout human history. The specific form in which land records are established will s", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "land records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ANN3X I Page 2 of 6 \n\n-49- \n\n|TABLE 3A<br>KENYA -<br> >>> SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SHEET <<< |\n|---|\n\n\n\n||**F**|**ENYA**||REFERENCE GROUPS (WE<br>-<br>MOST**RECEN**|IGIITEpAVE13AGES<br>**T**ESTIMATE);|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||1960<br>/b|**M**<br>1970 /b|**OST**RECENT<br>ESTIMATE**/b**|MIDDLE INCOME<br>AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA|MIDDLE INCOME<br>LATIN AMERICA & CARIBBEAN|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SHEET", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>selection etc.)<br>\uf0b7 Number of Locals<br>employed based on<br>gender, vulnerability,<br>Ethnic group, clan<br>etc.<br>\uf0b7 Type of employment<br>(skilled, semi-skilled<br>and unskilled).|Cop<br>\uf0b7 Policy document;<br>\uf0b7  >>> Interviews records <<< ;<br>\uf0b7 Record of incidents<br>of<br>GBV reported;<br>\uf0b7 Labour<br>management<br>records|y<br>Contrac<br>SEC<br>CPCT|tor<br>Continuously|No additional<br>cost|\n\n\n\n191", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Interviews records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " systems ( >>> crash data <<< <br>making<br>nstruction sites (Number,|base) to monitor Fatalities<br>Custom)|\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|0.00|--|0.00|0.00|\n\n\n\n12/17/2020 \n\nPage 3 of 8", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "crash data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s allocated to them. Also included in this component are: (a) development and training for local authority staff, TMU and MLG staff, with particular focus on strengthening their planning and implementation capacity; (b)  >>> local authority roads network data base <<<  development, condition survey and maintenance budget analysis; and (c) support for conducting periodic workshops and seminars involving the project towns for the purpose of exchanging information/experience and for an open review of maintenance and implementation performance by ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "local authority roads network data base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "he following data collection initiatives will be undertaken to improve knowledge and understanding of perceptions and attitudes towards vaccination as well as performance of the vaccination initiative **:** \n\n      - a.  >>> Facebook Surveys <<<  to assess beliefs and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination and identify causes of hesitancy \n\n      - b. Testing of communication messages to improve uptake of vaccines \n\n      - c. Iterative Beneficiary Monitoring (IBM): an iterative feedback loop that collects information di", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Facebook Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " probl\u00e8mes pour leurs papiers au moment o\u00f9 ils atteindront l\u2019\u00e2ge adulte ; toutefois, il est important qu\u2019avec l\u2019officialisation croissante des crit\u00e8res d\u2019identification (y compris les tentatives pour mettre en place des  >>> registres complets de l\u2019\u00e9tat-civil <<< ), leur situation soit prise en compte et des proc\u00e9dures cr\u00e9\u00e9es pour s\u2019assurer que ces enfants ne sont pas menac\u00e9s d\u2019apatridie et de d\u00e9faut d\u2019identification. \n\n### **Nationalit\u00e9 bas\u00e9e sur le mariage** \n\nLe motif le plus courant d\u2019acquisition de la nationalit\u00e9 pour les adultes est", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "registres complets de l\u2019\u00e9tat-civil", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " and health sector, targeted results fall essentially within the ambit of the line ministries. Regarding e-services and DPI, MODEE\u2019s coordination with service providers will be critical. The DLIs on E- participation and  >>> interactive statistical data <<<  also call for the cooperation among line ministries and agencies across government. It is expected that the active involvement of the PMO will foster the necessary interagency coordination within and beyond the reach of he Program. \n\nPage | 59", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "interactive statistical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "o on) and (b) creating drafts of legal and regulatory policies needed for data protection including developing a plan for regional coordination effort on data protection \n\n- b) Supporting capacity building for preparing  >>> government datasets <<<  for usage, anonymizing as needed, and maintaining a data catalogue of existing datasets, conducting a data inventory, and identifying key data sources (for example, geospatial) \n\n- c) Financing creation of the data institutional and governance framework, including creating data ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "government datasets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "instruments for FDPs as they would allow to track the same individuals over time, understand their livelihood and residency trajectories, and understand how FDPs take decisions. However, classic  >>> panel surveys <<<  typically rely on home addresses and they are particularly difficult to administer when populations are highly mobile. This has encouraged scholars working on FDPs to develop new instruments to track people over time. Etang and Hoogeveen (2020) developed a survey known as the \u201cL", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "panel surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>conditions<br>Workers use appropriate PPE<br>and follow hygiene practices|Visual inspection of storage facilities;<br>warehouse records; photographic<br>documentation where applicable<br>Observation of workers; PPE<br> >>> availability records <<< ; worker<br>interviews|During storage and<br>distribution periods<br>During handling and<br>distribution activities|Suppliers / Warehouse<br>Supervisors; PIU oversight<br>Suppliers / Distribution<br>Supervisors; PIU spot checks|\n|**Distribution of**<br>**Emergency Supplies**|Dist", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "availability records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd/or have any links with a debarred entity or individual. This self-disclosure of firms or individuals bidding for contracts will be a way of strengthening enforcement. The FPPA has a website and will provide a link to  >>> Bank debarred list <<<  for use by implementing agencies. The use of the debarment list is supported by pooling partners and the disclosure will be strengthened. \n\n104. **Companies and individuals debarred by the Bank and the FPPA will be posted and updated regularly on FPPA\u2019s and EPSA\u2019s website and ad", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Bank debarred list", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "me focuses on the legal, judicial and information environment. This will include, for example, improved foreclosure laws, enabling legislation for leasing, establishment o f a registry o f assets and enhancement o f the  >>> credit information bureau <<<  and a major improvement in the quality and reliability o f accounting information.6 Ongoing capacity development and legislative reforms here will take time. \n\n23. Within the context o f this medium-term roadmap, and to support the priorities identified, the Government o f Ethio", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "credit information bureau", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cial safety net access for the extremely poor. Furthermore, the project linked support for financial management and procurement, the development of a single registry and a harmonized targeting tool, and conducting of an  >>> impact evaluation and beneficiary surveys <<<  with strengthened governance and capacity for program management, ultimately enhancing access for beneficiaries. \n\n### **Outputs:** \n\n- 350,000 OVC beneficiary households were covered by the CT-OVC program in 2018, surpassing the original target of 50,000 and almost meeting the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "impact evaluation and beneficiary surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " For every pp<br>increase above the<br>year 2 target of 80%,<br>800,000 (% of<br>domestic<br>development<br>commitments (for<br>externally and<br>domestically funded<br>projects; excluding<br>arrears) reported in<br>the  >>> MYCS <<<  are||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MYCS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in 353<br>woredas. Source: Routine<br>reports, FMOH|\n|Percentage of CBN woredas providing monthly|Percentage|Value|0.00|54.50|50.00|\n| >>> nutrition data to federal level <<< ||Date|29-Apr-2008|03-Jan-2013|07-Jan-2014|\n|||Comments|FMOH Administration reports<br>(new indicator )|FMOH Administration reports|FMOH Administration reports|\n|Percentage of NNP operational research|Percentage|Value|0.00|20.00|80.00|\n|studies completed and disseminated  (of a<b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nutrition data to federal level", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "llowing section gives examples drawn from UNHCR responses.<sup>5</sup> \n\n> 4 A preliminary overview of these examples, including from faith-based organizations, is contained in two publications entitled \u201cOverview of the  >>> Survey on Good Practices Examples <<< \u201d <u>(http://goo.gl/nLdEeN) and \u201cAnalysis of the Survey on Good</u> Practices Examples\u201d (http://goo.gl/YsFnFM). \n\n## **PHYSICAL PROTECTION AND HUMANITARIAN ACCESS** \n\n## **UNHCR Abidjan** \n\n- _\u201c In the aftermath of the presidential elections in 2011 in C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, UNHCR and it", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Survey on Good Practices Examples", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nk. \n\n> 8 <mark>World Bank. 2021. Monitoring Social and Economic Impacts of COVID-19 on Refugees in Uganda: Results from the High-Frequency Phone - Third Round. World Bank, Washington, DC. World Bank.</mark> \n\n> 9 <mark> >>> High-Frequency Phone Survey- Third Round <<< . 2021.</mark> \n\n> 10 <mark>Understood as firms in which at least 51 percent of shares are owned by women.</mark> \n\n> 11 <mark>2021. Rapid Profiling of the Socioeconomic Dimensions of Female Entrepreneurs in Uganda. GROW Preparation</mark> , October 2021. \n\n> 12 <mark>Financial i", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "High-Frequency Phone Survey- Third Round", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " during the implementation of the resettlement programme will be on the compilation of  >>> baseline data <<<  on the affected households that will enable the comparison during evaluation missions. \n\n### **11.2.2. Approach** \n\nMonitoring of implementation by the RAP consultant will be carried out at different levels every month. At the process level, inputs and outputs will be measured. ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n collected from the other initiatives already mentioned.  This sub-program will also provide targeted support to the Central Statistical Agency (CSA) in strengthening the various surveys that the CSA conducts (e.g. the  >>> agricultural sample surveys <<< . \n\n# **D.  Project location (if known)** \n\nThe proposed operation will be implemented throughout the country by local government authorities in collaboration with respective sector specialists operating at the local and regional levels. \n\n# **E.  Borrower\u2019s Institutional Capacit", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "agricultural sample surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " no consultor\u00eda para la a<br>ctualizaci\u00f3n permanente del<br> >>> Registro Social/Visita Domicil <<< <br>\u201c|<br>IBRD / 89460|Component 1: Improving eq<br>uity, integration and sustain<br>ability of the selected SSN pr<br>ograms<br>P|ost|Request for Bids|Limited<br>Single Stage - One E<br>nvelope||2,387,781.39|0|.00<br>Under Imple<br>mentation||2023-06-23<br>2023-06-22<br>2023-06-", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Registro Social/Visita Domicil", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock (2017, 2020). Note: Measured as share of countries or areas that had at least one data source on the age of international migrants since the  >>> 2010 census round <<<  at time of publication. \n\nTo date, data-related conversations in the framework of the GCM have largely focused on remittances and migrants\u2019 contributions to host and home communities and incidents of exploitation, such as human trafficking. But children on the move, and the spec", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "2010 census round", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "D. N. 1978. Prediction of School Failure From  >>> Third-Grade Data <<< : Educational and Psychological Measurement. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447803800442\n\n- Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M., & Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Third-Grade Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "HV transmission line|This indicator measures the<br>length of the 225kV double<br>circuit transmission line<br>from Nachtigal (RIS) to<br>Hourou Oussoua-<br>Ngaoundere (RIN) financed<br>under theproject.|Annual|SONATREL| >>> SONATREL PIU reports <<< |SONATREL PIU|\n\n\n\nPage 60", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SONATREL PIU reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ween the humanitarian leadership, the governmental authorities and the parties to the conflict, this direct interference is denying the often only resource and services to the South Sudanese civilian population. \n\n36 <u> >>> March Humanitarian Access Snapshot <<< </u> \n\n14", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "March Humanitarian Access Snapshot", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "heme refers to the legal, judicial and information environment. This will include, for example, improved foreclosure laws, enabling legislation for leasing, establishment of a registry o f assets and enhancement o f the  >>> credit information bureau <<<  and a major improvement in the quality and reliability o f accounting inf~rmation.'~ Ongoing capacity development and legislative reforms here will take time. \n\n'* Including the move to risk-based supervision. \n\n> **l3** The lack o f confidence in audited accounts at present has", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "credit information bureau", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "erationalization of DPI to access e-services and the adoption of digital identity (DLIs 1, 2, and 3). \n\n- SPAC is responsible for the professionalization of the civil service (DLI 5). \n\n- MOPIC is responsible for making  >>> statistical data <<<  interactive (DLI9). \n\nPage | 14", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "statistical data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Verification Agent (VA) will validate the reported results through a combination of desk review and field-based verification, including cross-checking data<br>from EMIS, financial and human resource management systems,  >>> school grant and TLM records <<< , and administrative documentation from the MoE, Regional<br>Education Bureaus, and Woreda Education Offices. Where verification identifies discrepancies or cases of non-compliance with one or more integration criteria,<br>the VA shall apply a statistically sound downward adjustm", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "school grant and TLM records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". The impact evaluations would focus on the following knowledge gaps: \n\n- For Sub-component 1.1, it will be important to assess the impact of skills trainings activities on the command \n\n> 38 To the extent possible, any  >>> data gathered on Syrian refugees <<<  will be disaggregated by sex to identify specific gender gaps that need to be addressed. \n\n> 39 Rigorous impact evaluations assess causality by identifying a counterfactual with experimental or quasi-experimental methodologies. \n\nPage 30 of 106", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data gathered on Syrian refugees", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rst refinancing because it is on existing loans. and include few SACCOS. The intent is to measure the gradual lengthening of loans by the SACCOS thanks to KMRC so this will be undertaken on subsequent refinancing. \n\nThe  >>> survey on beneficiaries <<<  will be done in 2022, once KMRC has refinanced new mortgage loans issued as part of the affordable housing program \n\nThe volume of mortgage lending does not capture the increment properly because the figure has to be translated in USD. If it was kept in Kenyan Shillings, it woul", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey on beneficiaries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e grievance management, a more synergized information sharing and coordinated approach can be applied between the SDHUD and NEMA. The SDHUD may consider sharing the complaints register with the authority for updating on  >>> NEMA incident database <<<  for linkage to issued licences of the sub-project and concurrence on remedial action taken. \n\n### **6.3 Kenya School of Government (KSG)** \n\n59. The Kenya School of Government is an institution established by the Kenya School of Government Act (No 9 of 2012) to build capacity of", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "NEMA incident database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for all stocks and improve materials management in coming years, URC has agreed with IDA on a detailed work program (included in Annex 15, pages 13 through 15) with the following major componentos \n\n- _(l)_ undertake an  >>> inventory of existing stocks <<< , write off obsolete items, bring prices to current price level, and bring records up to date by July 31, 1989;", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory of existing stocks", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|\n|_2008_|_884_<br>_22_<br>_96_<br>_0.39_<br>_0.20_|_202_|_131_|\n|Source: Deri<br>Note: Result<br>**Figure 17.**<br>140<br>160<br>180<br>**ues**|ved from Brice\u00f1o-Garmendia, Smits, and Foster 2009.<br>s for 2008 based on  >>> preliminary data <<< .<br>**Hidden costs of Mali\u2019s power utility are among the highest in West Africa**|||\n|120<br><br>**reven**||||\n|100<br>**of**||||\n|60<br>80<br>**tage**||||\n|40<br><br>**cen**||||\n|0<br>20<br><br>**Per**||||\n||Liberia<br>Niger<br>Mali<br>Ghana<br>Burkina Faso<br>Cote d'Ivoi|re<br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "vague", "split": "holdout", "mention": "preliminary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rds: (i) risk and behavior change communication; (ii) community engagement for vulnerable and marginalized groups (VMGs) and other disadvantaged groups; (iii) training of community and opinion leaders; and (iv) periodic  >>> knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys <<< . Communication, social mobilization outreach and citizen engagement strategies to generate confidence, trust and demand for a COVID-19 vaccine will also be supported. \n\n12. This component will ensure there is a two- way communication between the GoK and the citizenry. Regular co", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "gees_ magazine, _The State of the World\u2019s Refugees_ and the annual _Global Appeal._ Recognizing the fluidity of many refugee situations and the constant need for up-to-date figures, efforts are now being made to collect  >>> refugee statistics <<<  on a quarterly, rather than an annual basis. \n\nThird, a variety of different steps have been taken over the past five years to enhance UNHCR\u2019s capacity in the area of refugee registration. In 1994, the organization\u2019s _Registration Guidelines_ were published. As well as pooling m", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "refugee statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "orld Bank, Policy Research Working Papers, No 3038 Sachs, J. (2004), \u201cDoing the Sums on Africa\u201d, The Economist, May, available at: <u>http://www.undp.org/mdg/Economist_May%2020%202004.pdf</u> United Nations (2001-2004),  >>> Country Reports on MDGs <<< , available at: <u>http://www.undp.org/mdg/country_regionalreports.html</u> Wang, L. (2002). \u201cHealth Outcomes in Poor Countries and Policy Implications: Empirical Findings from Demographic and Health Surveys _\u201d,_ World Bank, Policy Research Working Paper 2831\n\n# **Bibliography fo", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Country Reports on MDGs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "S / C<br>onsultancy Services for the D<br>evelopment of Surveillance S<br>ystem  >>> DHIS2 Tracker <<< |<br>IDA / 65030|Public Health Assets|Post|Consultant Qualifi<br>cation  Selection|Limite|d||74,433.33|0.00<br>Canc|eled|2021-11-08<br>2022-03-04|2021-11-22||||2021-12-22|2022-01-26|2|022-0|7-25|\n|ZM-MOH-139350-CS-CQS / P<br>rovision of consultancy servic<br>es for the Developmen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHIS2 Tracker", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-16<br>y in the off-grid sector at the<br>enterprise, employee and cu<br>stomer level.<br> EEU-PPMO-OGU/ADELE-012 /<br>Procurement of consultancy<br>service (Component 4)<br>-      to Conduct a  >>> market survey of existing private sectorsolar contractors <<< , identify jobopportunities along the solar IDA / 68570 4. Standalone solar systemsfor health and education facilities Prior Quality And Cost-Based Selection Open - International 2,000,000.00 0.00 Under Implementation 2022-01-24 2023-01-23 2022-02-14 2023-02-06 2022-03-30 2023-07", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "market survey of existing private sectorsolar contractors", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sms are in place to ensure smooth program implementation; (ii) support to the development of a monitoring and evaluation framework and a program Management Information System (MIS). This includes the implementation of a  >>> beneficiary survey <<< , and a detailed program \u2015process\u2016 survey after the first 12 months.  It will also finance several additional studies as part of the shift to the second phase of the APL; and (iii) procurement of essential goods and services. \n\n_Source:_ World Bank (2004b) \n\n2.6 Targeting: Prior ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "beneficiary survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t will finance the creation of a road asset database for the trunk network in Lebanon, the collection of the basic information for the database (such as road condition visual surveys, IRAP assessment of road safety, and  >>> traffic counts <<<  on select road sections), and the revision of design and maintenance standards to reflect changing climate conditions, particularly related to drainage and slope stabilization. This subcomponent will also finance the preparation of routine maintenance manual for small", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "traffic counts", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Table A4: Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Questions in Nigeria\n\n|41|\n|---|\n\n|| >>> Pre-COVID-19 Surveys <<< ||COVID-19 Surveys||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|FIES|Question|Recall|Question|Recall|\n|FS1|You or any other adult in your household worried<br>about not having enough food to eat because of<br>lack of money or other resources?|30 day|You or any other adult in your household were<br>w", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Pre-COVID-19 Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "llect<br>packaging separately; prevent<br>mixing with general waste;<br>manage spills properly|Fertilizer properly<br>stored; no visible<br>contamination;<br>packaging waste<br>collected separately|Visual inspection;<br> >>> storage records <<< ;<br>worker interviews", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "storage records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed to address a particular issue, each could be more broadly useful by consistently including a small set of standard questions on firm performance, such as total output and profitability. The survey should also collect  >>> price data <<<  on the firm's main products, inputs, and investment goods. In addition, the survey becomes more valuable when it contains enough information to estimate production functions, including value added, number of employees, capital stock, and material inputs.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "price data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "itiative for Monitoring and Supervision (GEMS) to track subproject locations and progress. Iterative Beneficiary Monitoring (IBM) will be introduced to gather regular feedback from a large sample of beneficiaries though  >>> phone-based surveys <<< . A third-party monitoring (TPM) agency will be recruited for HROC areas. \n\n- c. _Evaluation_ . (a) project baseline status to be documented through the end-of-project evaluation for Phase I _woredas_ and a baseline study for the new _woredas_ ; (b) mid-term review; and (c) end o", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "phone-based surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ctivities at the national and county levels. \n\n- ii. **Sub-component 2:** Technical assistance and capacity building for adequate implementation of the initiated reforms (US$6 million). This sub-component will finance a  >>> sample-based national survey <<<  to measure pre-school quality and pre-primary children\u2019s school readiness (cognitive, motor, language, and \n\n3", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "sample-based national survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "for children across the birth to age 6 span. The current survey constitutes a first attempt to gather and analyze this information\u2014albeit in an operating environment restricted by the pandemic. Comprehensive and regular  >>> survey data <<<  tracking children\u2019s development and school readiness, based on ECE experience, socioeconomic status, location, gender, and other factors, can provide insights into which interventions work and for whom. Monitoring of inequities is crucial to assess if the most 32", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " schools.|\n|Frequency|Annual|\n|Data source| >>> EMIS <<< (Education Management Information System)|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|The percentage increase in enrollment is calculated by comparing the total number of students enrolled in public pre-primary schools in the targeted<br>regions and newly integrated refugee schools at t", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "................................................................... 14|\n|Figure 4| >>> CCI Map of Africa 2016 <<<  (20 meter resolution) land cover showing the Masaka-Mutukula<br>section ............................................................................................................................... 15|\n|Figure 5|Wetland map of Uganda showing the Transmission Line Route (imager", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "CCI Map of Africa 2016", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "antaged for species observation. The alternative, and in our view more plausible, explanation is that lower-ranked regions are populated by many species whose ranges have contracted over time. Continuing accumulation of  >>> GBIF occurrence reports <<<  should help resolve this question.\n\nFor each species map, rasterization assigns a value of 1 to grid cells that overlap with the map and 0 to the other", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBIF occurrence reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on**|**Responsibility for Data**<br>**Collection**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Electricity transmitted from RIS to RIN|This indicator measures the<br>electricity flow (in MWh)<br>through the 225kV double|Annual|SONATREL| >>> SONATREL PIU reports <<< |SONATREL PIU|\n\n\n\nPage 59", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SONATREL PIU reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "a offer only partial hope for filling data gaps. Ultimately, more frequent and properly sampled household surveys \u2013 designed to capture the full incomes and consumption of all households, potentially with integration of  >>> tax records <<<  and administrative data as countries get richer \u2013 appears to be the best approach for improving our understanding of poverty and inequality.\n\n29", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tax records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0724974~~|Community Score C<br>submitted any docu|ard pilot has been developed a<br>mentation as evidence for achie|nd is being implemented bu<br>ving the result.|t the MOH has not yet|\n\n\n\n#### \u25baHealth Centers reporting  >>> HMIS data <<<  in time (Percentage, Custom", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d, very complex and difficult to resolve. In retrospect, it is most regrettable that the forest economist, whose task was to aid in assessing costs and the productivity of operations, could not be retained, and that the  >>> planned comprehensive land use survey <<<  was never carried out.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "planned comprehensive land use survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-|---|---|\n|Value|N/A|Yes.|Yes.|Yes (Education,<br>health, water, and<br>environment, micro-<br>irrigation, cross-cutting<br>areas).|\n|Date|30-Jun-2017|30-Jun-2022|30-May-2023|29-Jun-2024|\n|Comments|Assessment based o|n  >>> LGPA Report 2022 <<< (FY2020/2021|).||\n\n\n\n3b: Improvement in LG performance in the management of resources in the worst performing LGs ~~<u>IN01298967</u>~~ \n\n\u25baImprovement in LG management performance in the worst performing LGs (in Education, Health and Cross-cutting Areas) (Text, Custom) \n\n||Baseli", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "LGPA Report 2022", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "abling Service Delivery and Public Investment in Kenya (GESDeK) (P161387) \n\n## Strengthened Fiduciary Assurance and Transparency \n\n|\u25baIRI 6.1: MDAs can access multi-year itemized & facility level budget & outturn data in  >>> IFMIS <<<  (Yes/No, Custom)|\n|---|\n\n\n\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|N|--|N|Y|\n|Date|30-Jun-2016|--|27-Apr-2018|30-Jun-2022|\n|\u25baIRI 6.2: UAT of on|line pub interface providing se|archable info on progs, proj|ects & transfers to SDU (|Yes", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "epreneurs.** Certain products will be developed that will cater to women entrepreneurs, such as those using digital platforms. The Project will rigorously measure any differential impacts on male and female owned MSMEs.  >>> Gender disaggregated data <<<  (in addition to the RF indicators) will be collected for all firmlevel indicators, namely the number of MSMEs receiving loans and the number of MSMEs receiving technical assistance. In addition to monitoring the number and proportion of male-owned and femaleowned MSMEs accessing", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Gender disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rtunities. It will be especially important to include women in the \n\n> 80 Population figures for urban areas would be calculated based on a headcount or by complementing 2008 census with other data sources (for example,  >>> DTM <<< ). \n\nPage 71 of 94", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DTM", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t 300 ha in Tana River District would increase rice production there and reduce the need for Government food relief. General extension and cooperative services for marketing and input supplies would be established and a  >>> survey of the soil and ground water resources <<<  of the area carried out to determine its agricultural potential. A mobile irrigation construction unit would be set up; the unit's earth moving equipment would also be used to build and upgrade roads in the area. \n\n## Cooperative Development \n\n53. To remedy the present weakness ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey of the soil and ground water resources", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "|Delayed|\n|**Completion Measurement**|(i) All entities meet requirements by end Yr 1<br> >>> MAPS II report <<<  finalized.|; (ii) from Yr. 2 no o|utstanding balances aged|more than a year; (iii)|\n|**Comments**|MoF will submit a status update on these act|ions by the end of|May 2020.||\n|**Action Description**|F3: Improve staffing and capacity including t<br>procurement and F&C; and (ii) as", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "MAPS II report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " International Association for Impact Assessment, Geneva, Switzerland, **pp. 6-11.** \n\n**CSA (2007):** Population Size **by** Sex, Area and Density **by** Region, Zone and Woreda, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia \n\n**CSA (2013):**  >>> Population Projection of Ethiopia <<<  for **All** Regions at Woreda Level from 2014 **- 17 CSE -** Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia **(1997).** The Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia **(CSE).** The Resource base, its utilization and planning for sustainability. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Environmental ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Population Projection of Ethiopia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". \n\n- III. Government Documents \n\n   - a) \"Seedlings Production for Rural Afforestation in Kenya\". Government paper presented to Appraisal Mission November 1980, pp. 19 and tables. \n\n   - b) A.G. Wanene & P.M. Wachiori.  >>> Forest Resources Inventory Report <<< . Sawlog Availability. Kitale, Baringo, Londiani, Elburgon, Eldoret Forest Divisions. Nairobi: Forest Department, Forest Inventory Branch, August 1980. \n\n   - c) B.G. Wamugunda & B. Solberg. An Economic/Structural Analysis of Kenya-s Sawmilling Sawlog. Nairobi: MENR, July 1975. \n", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Forest Resources Inventory Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd Family Reunification Activities in Tanzanian Refugee Camps\u2019 by the involved agencies detailing the procedures for tracing and how each of the different forms are used to maintain up-to-date information. \n\n- Develop a  >>> tracing data-base <<< , entering each unaccompanied minor, with digital photographs (front and side shots) of each unaccompanied minor. \n\n- Each month, print a booklet of unaccompanied minors with the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "tracing data-base", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mate risks and reduce their<br>vulnerability to floods and droughts;|Climate change to be integrated into<br>the ESHS screening forms, and in<br>planning and design of the UgIFT-<br>AF Infrastructure|DLI 4 & 5|\n\n\n\n4 The  >>> ND-GAIN Country Index <<<  summarizes a country's vulnerability to", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ND-GAIN Country Index", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the civil service as a result of competency-based promotions and competitive**|\n|Description|Percentage of women appointed to leadership positions in the civil service.|\n|Frequency|Once,byProgram closure.|\n|Data source| >>> Annual report on civil service from the SPAC <<< .|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|Leadership positions are defined by Article 16 of the 2020 Civil", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual report on civil service from the SPAC", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "est forQuotations Limited Single Stage - OneEnvelope 9,550.00 0.00 UnderImplementation 2019-10-15 2019-12-10 2020-06-07<br>health Facilities<br> KE-BUNGOMA COUNTY-<br>137182-GO-RFQ / Procure<br>data tools -200 family<br> >>> planning registers <<< ,200Antenatal registers,200Maternity registers,200Postnatal registers,200 IDA / 58360 Improving Primary HealthCare Results Post Request forQuotations Limited Single Stage - OneEnvelope 15,950.00 0.00 PendingImplementation 2019-10-21 2019-12-16 2020-06-13<br>Immunization registers", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "planning registers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " classes of road, market towns and urban centers.  Urban roads are included in|\n\n\n\n## B. Institutional Strengthening and Capacity Building in the Transport Sector \n\n\u25ba >>> Navigational charts for Kenyan Coast <<<  developed to acceptable international standards and in use (Yes/No, Custom) \n\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|No|No|No|Yes|\n|Date<br>IN00785608|01-Mar-2011|22-Aug-2019|20-Dec-2019|31-Dec-2019|\n\n\n\n|\u25baFeasibility and engineering ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Navigational charts for Kenyan Coast", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "> >>> list of certified training service providers <<< ; DLI 1.3<br>Number of performance-based contracts signed<br>with training service providers (TSPs)|9,500,000.00<br>1.2: $3.5m, 1.3: $6m|\n\n\n\nPage 55 of 106", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "list of certified training service providers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f countries where clustering of smalloccurrence region species offers exceptional opportunities for cost-effective protection. In many cases, we believe that such an assessment will be a useful future application of our  >>> GBIF species maps database <<< . However, we perform an illustrative exercise for Brazil, which has 6,058 small occurrence region species and high spatial clustering (6.5% of municipios account for 90% of small-occurrence region species). Highlighting the degree of clustering, Table 10 shows that only 5 of Bra", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "GBIF species maps database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on/inventory of natural habitat and cultural resources including pastoralist cultures, it would be good to build skill and knowledge. \n\n- As most of the natural resources sites are scattered and inaccessible, developing  >>> information database <<<  and early warning system to protect them would be useful. \n\n# **Core principle 3: Public and Worker Safety** \n\n# **Current system** \n\n- <mark>The health and health related regulatory function has different structures in different regions. In some regions, it is a separate author", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "information database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br>\uf0b7 Minutes<br>of<br>Consultative<br>meetings<br>held to identify water<br>sources;<br>\uf0b7  >>> Grievance records <<< <br>\uf0b7 Map showing the<br>approved sources of<br>water<br>and<br>water<br>abstraction point<br>\uf0b7 Water<br>abstraction<br>permit|<br>Grievance<br>records|<br>Contractor<br>SEC<br>CPCT|Water<br>abstraction<br>permit before<br>abstraction<br>begins<br>Other<br>measures<br>monitored<b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Grievance records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t advocating with municipal registry authorities and one-third of offi ces (8) report advocating with health clinics and hospitals. Three offi ces support technical assistance for registration such as an SMS system. \n\nA  >>> Global Survey <<<  \u2013 2012 \n\n21", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Global Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u201cbig data\u201d from satellite and crowdsourcing applications has made geographically comprehensive data freely available, while survey enumeration area geocoordinates or administrative shapefiles required to link surveys to  >>> geospatial data <<<  are also becoming increasingly available. These developments have sparked a burgeoning literature \u2013 ably reviewed in Burke (2021), McBride et al. (2021), and World Bank (2021) \u2013 on the use of satellite imagery for economic measurement. Most early work has focused on the ability ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "geospatial data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||\n|4.3|Prepare Household Files from Database||||||||||||||\n|4.4|Verify and update  >>> expropriated assets and properties database <<<  for PAHs||||||||||||||\n|4.5|Individual /Consultation on Compensation||||||||||||||\n|4.6|Preparation of schedule for individual compensations||||||||||||||\n|**5**|**Resettlement Process and Compensation Payment**||||||||||||||\n|5.1|Notifications/disclosure of entitlements to all ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "expropriated assets and properties database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "suspension. By doing so, it lays a foundation for future research that seeks to better understand informal sector activities and performance via  >>> high-frequency tax reporting information <<< . In particular, future work should try to better understand both the extent and the factors that lead small firms, and especially household-owned firms, in developing countries to suspend their businesses when faced with shocks that could be idiosyncratic or aggregate. Understan", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "high-frequency tax reporting information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for education in emergencies, work with host countries and civil society to mainstream education in crisis preparedness and improve coordination \n\nfor rapid access to education. The pledge also emphasises investment in  >>> gender- and age-disaggregated data <<<  to improve the effectiveness of education responses. \n\n- **UNHCR, the Global Education Cluster, UNESCO and INEE** jointly pledged to continue their efforts to strengthen the Initiative for Education in Emergencies Coordination (ISEEC) aimed at enhancing the quality of response c", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "gender- and age-disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **<<B>>**  >>> Household Surveys <<<  (Primary Data)\n\nThe target populations in both the baseline and follow-up household surveys were women aged between 15 and 49 who had experienced a pregnancy or birth during the 12 months prior to the survey as well as men of similar age group whose partner was pregnant or had g", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Annex 3:  >>> RAP 1b Cadastral Map <<< **", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAP 1b Cadastral Map", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ts; \n\n- This mobile phone number and the email address are to be controlled only by the head of component 4; each complaint received shall be properly documented in writing; the head of component 4 shall also maintain a  >>> register of all complaints <<< , with the nature of each complaint, the respective outcomes of the investigation, and reaction of the PCU, be it to address them or to judge them as non material and unjustified. \n\n- The head of Component 4 submits a monthly report on the grievances received, the outcomes of the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "register of all complaints", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ase contact: \n\n- 1 Data on arrivals is partial due to the large scale of irregular movements and reflects only sea arrivals for Greece and Italy. It does not reflect the recent sharp increase of land arrivals in Greece.  >>> Data for Spain <<<  includes both sea and land arrivals and is based on UNHCR estimates, pending provision of final figures by the Spanish Ministry of Interior. Figures for UASC are only available for arrivals by sea (not for Ceuta or Melilla). \n\n- 2 Separated children are children separated from b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data for Spain", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tricity Distribution Company Limited|\n|UEGCL|Uganda Electricity Generation Company Limited|\n|UETCL|Uganda Electricity Transmission Company Limited<br>|\n|UNFCC|United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|\n|UNHS| >>> Uganda National Health Survey <<< |\n|UPE|Univeral Primary Education|\n|URED|Uganda Rural Electricity Department", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion lives in absolute poverty. Poverty i s pandemic and often linked to environmental and natural resource degradation. The ongoing update by the Government o f the Household Income, Consumption, and Expenditure Survey ( >>> H1CES <<< )-expected in the coming months-will provide the first comprehensive update \n\n18", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "H1CES", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ystems: (i) final implementation of the School Information System (SIS) to incorporate financial/budget information as well as physical resources; (ii) linking the Education Management Information System (EMIS) with the  >>> GIS and external databases <<< ; (iii) the delivery of training in the use of the EMIS for policy analysis, strategic and operational planning; and (iv) developing robust data architecture standards and integration of ministry system within a common platform. An internal and external communication plan will be", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GIS and external databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly people looking for a job, stood at 12 percent, high for Latin America, but in line with other countries in the Caribbean.\n\n> 4 Haiti\u2019s last Census dates to 2003. Total population for 2012 refers to estimates from the  >>> 2012 household survey <<< , based on projections by Haiti\u2019s statistical office, the _Institut Haitien de Statistiques et Informatique_ (IHSI).\n\n> 5 This number refers to an extended definition of unemployment, which considers not only those currently looking for a job (the ILO\u2019s definition), but also thos", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "2012 household survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ided to women<br>enterprises (Amount)|This indicator measures the<br>value of credit provided by<br>the PFIs under the project,<br>disaggregated by refugee<br>status, district, age, and<br>disability status.|Continuous.| >>> PFI data <<< .|The PFIs will maintain<br>databases of the value<br>of the credit disbursed,<br>disaggregated by<br>refugee status, district,<br>age, and disability<br>status.|The MGLSD to collect<br>the data from the PFIs<br>each month, and<br>compile and report it.|\n|Women enterprises in RHD", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PFI data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "9-93. Legal Tradition is a six-point index created by the Intemational Country Risk Guide. Higher scores indicate \"sound political institutions, a strong court system, and provisions for an orderly succession of power.\"  >>> Legal tradition data <<<  averaged over 1985-1991. \"% Neighbors adopted EDI\" is the percentage of countries within a region that adopted explicit deposit insurance after the date specified (above). Regional pressure figures exclude the country in question from the calculation. The five regions for develo", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Legal tradition data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ">valued in the  >>> IFMIS FA <<<  and<br>monitored according to the<br>guidelines; and<br>(ii)  BPR for asset<br>management system and||(DLR 9.2 total<br>allocated 3,500,000)<br>(i)  2,000,000||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS FA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ations living in the presumed AGPPEPP III project areas are sedentary cultivators supporting their livelihood from the traditional agricultural production and rearing of cattle. \n\nDuring the preparation of the projects,  >>> socio-economic surveys <<<  will be conducted in order to establish: detailed information about categories of PAPs; the extent of impacts; provide the basis for determining eligibility and for estimating resettlement/rehabilitation costs; and establishing baseline information for monitoring and evaluation.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n- Ministry of Commerce of the People\u2019s Republic of China, 2016. \u201cE-commerce in China.\u201d 4 Feb 2019, http://dzsws.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ztxx/ndbg/201706/20170602591881.shtml.\n\n- Nanjing University and AliResearch. 2018. \u201c >>> China Taobao Village Development Report <<<  (2014\u2013 2018).\u201d URL: http://i.aliresearch.com/img/20181216/20181216145248.pdf.\n\n26", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "China Taobao Village Development Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fair and equitable mechanisms for resolving land and natural resource-based disputes and conflicts<sup>.</sup> National Land Commission Act, 2012 specifies the role of NLC as: To identify public land, prepare and keep a  >>> database of all public land <<< , which shall be geo-referenced and authenticated by the statutory body responsible for a survey; Evaluate all parcels of public land based on land capability classification, land resources mapping consideration, overall potential for use, and resource evaluation data for land us", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "database of all public land", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "interventions and contact details of the stakeholder engagement focal point. Brochures and fliers on various project related social and environmental issues will be made available at these information tables. \n\n###### ** >>> Program Review and Monitoring Surveys <<< ** \n\nFSCD will organize a number of surveys to assess the quality of program implementation. These will include: Impact Assessments, PW and Livelihoods Review, GRM Reviews, PW impact assessment,", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Program Review and Monitoring Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "#### Annex 3:  >>> KDSPII Grievance Log <<<  \n\n|Date Received|Complainant Name|ID/No|County/Sub-County|Grievance|Case Description|Receiver|Handling|Resolution|Status|Proposed solution|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|||||Category|||Officer|Offered||indicate a detailed<br>description|\n\n\n\n### N/B: One can atta", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KDSPII Grievance Log", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "30-Jun-2020|\n|Comments**:**<br>IN00927563<br>\u25baKPLC  Commercial l| >>> KPLC Customer Data <<< <br>osses (Percentage, Custom)|base Total number of new cust|omers connected by KPLC.||\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|6.70|9.08|10.00|6.10|\n|Date|30-Jun-2014|30-Jun-2019|19-Nov-2020|30-Jun-2021|\n|IN00927564<br>\u25baAverage outage dur|ation for custome", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KPLC Customer Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ectrification program. \n\n- iv. Adoption of planning and monitoring of on-grid and off-grid electrification status through the use of GIS tools \n\n- v. Strengthening the knowledge base of MoWE through the management of an  >>> energy access database <<<  (i.e. Total number of grid and off-grid connected households, service, commercial \n\n16", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "energy access database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "aking careful testing and phased deployment essential. \n\n#### **FURTHER STUDIES - to be addressed after Project Approval** \n\nThis CHA is conducted as a desktop study and a validation of the results is necessary based on  >>> primary data collected in the field <<< . The following studies are needed after project approval to validate this CHA: \n\n- Habitat Assessment \u2013 to confirm natural habitat and guide a review species likelihood of occurrence, together with detailed bird observations across different seasons. \n\n- Critical Habitat Confirm", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "primary data collected in the field", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "f drainage;<br>water pollution|Keep drainage channels free<br>from waste;<br>ensure no waste enters water<br>systems; monitor runoff areas|Drainage systems clean<br>and functional; no<br>blockage observed|Inspection;<br> >>> maintenance logs <<< |Routine<br>inspection|Contractors; Site<br>Supervisors|\n|**Signage and**<br>**Awareness**|Unsafe disposal due to<br>lack of awareness;<br>accidental exposure to<br>hazardous waste|Install clear signage for waste<br>types and hazards;<br>display prohibition signs (no<br>burning, ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "maintenance logs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lutions Strategy (2018 \u2013 2020)_ \n\n**RRR** Return, Recovery and Reintegration **RRRP** Regional Refugee Response Plan **RSD** Refugee Status Determination **RWG** Refugee Working Group **SAF** Sudan Armed Forces **SENS**  >>> Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey <<<  **SGBV** Sexual- and gender-based violence **SDG** Sudanese Pound **SHF** Sudan Humanitarian Fund **SOP** Standard operating procedure **TAG** Technical Advisory Group **UN** United Nations **UNAMID** United Nations African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur **UASC** Unaccompanied", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Standardized Expanded Nutrition Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "elocation of the assets it<br>would be really of great importance.<br>\u2022<br>An assurance was given by the consultant<br>that the RAP process had captured all the<br>vulnerable persons affected by the project<br>and their  >>> bio data <<<  would be forwarded to<br>KISIP and the Ministryfor further actions.<br>**OSUR**|_The RAP has provided extra_<br>_assistant_<br>_to_<br>_vulnerable_<br>_categories as required by OP_<br>_4.12_<br>_on_<br>_Involuntary_<br>_Resettlement_<br>|\n\n\n\nrelocation, Benefits of the The PAPs", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "bio data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "40.00|||||40.00|\n|mprove mergency<br>Obstetric Care (Number)<br>(Number)<br>Total Allocation:20,000,000.00|Allocated<br>Amount|0.00|40.00|27-Mar-2025|40.00|27-Mar-2025|0.00|\n|12 PHC facilities having all<br>drs from the  >>> MOH list <<<  of|Value|48.00|||||50.00|\n|ug<br>essential drugs (Percentage)<br>(Percentage)<br>Total Allocation:10,000,000.00|Allocated<br>Amount|0.00|48.00|27-Mar-2025|48.00|27-Mar-2025|5,000,000.00|\n|12 PHC facilities having all<br>d f h MOH li f|Value|48.00|||||54.00|\n|rugs rom te  st o|||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "MOH list", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ieved and verified and disbursement<br>was made accordingly. Target 2020/<br>DLR13.3(d): Increase PHC facilities<br>providing adolescent health services from<br>60% to 75%  is not achieved as this DLR is<br>dependent on  >>> SARA/SPA survey report <<< .<br>However, since the SPA survey will not be<br>undertaken before November 2021, this<br>DLR will be replaced with a new indicator<br>and timeline (December 2021).|DLR 13.3d will be modified<br>with \u201cConduct National<br>assessment on the<br>Integration of  Youth<br>Friendly", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "SARA/SPA survey report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "re-counted or re-paid in subsequent years.<br>The Verification Agent (VA) will validate the reported results through a combination of desk review and field-based verification, including cross-checking data<br>from EMIS,  >>> financial and human resource management systems <<< , school grant and TLM records, and administrative documentation from the MoE, Regional<br>Education Bureaus, and Woreda Education Offices. Where verification identifies discrepancies or cases of non-compliance with one or more integration criteria,<br>the VA shall apply a statis", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "financial and human resource management systems", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "K* CHI CHD \n\n\n\n<!-- Start of picture text -->\nFig 3: Major refugee hosting<br>(M ln) countries, 2006<br>1.2<br>Start-2006<br>1.0<br>0.8 End-2006<br>0.6<br>0.4<br>0.2<br>-<br>PAK* IRN USA* SYR GER JOR TAN UK* CHI CHD<br>* >>> UNHCR estimate <<< <br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nAfghanistan continued to be the leading country of origin of refugees. As of the end of 2006, there were 2.1 million refugees from that country in 71 different asylum countries, or 21 per cent of the global refugee population. Iraqis were the sec", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "UNHCR estimate", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " while delivering assistance, and 322 were located due to insecurity and incidents. \n\n\n\n_Figure 3 -  >>> South Sudan Access Snapshot <<<  OCHA, February 2022_ \n\nIn February 2022, 33 incidents related to humanitarian access constraints were reported, 13 involving violence against humanitarian \n\n> 34 \u201c[...] based on the $1.90 2011 purchasing power parity poverty line\u201d, World Bank, March 2022 \n\n35 HNO, 2022 \n\n13", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "South Sudan Access Snapshot", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ould permit a more accurate estimation of the overall change in household welfare due to changes in food prices, given by equation (5). First, it would be great if one of Brazil\u201fs excellent household surveys (either the  >>> POF <<<  or the PNAD, both of which have recently undergone reforms) included a more detailed module on agricultural production and sales at the household level. This would enable researchers to compute net purchases of agricultural commodities for all households involved in family farmi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "POF", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mation System \u2013 Data Recording and Reporting  - User`s Manual  FMoH 2011 \n\n- Ethiopia Young Adults & Gender Survey Addis Abeba UNFPA / Population Council 2010 \n\n- People Living with HIV Stigma NEP +2010  ( draft)a INDEX\u2014 >>> Ethiopian Stigma and Discrimination  Survey Report <<<  \n\n- Road Map for Intensifying Multi-Sectoral HIV/AIDS Response in Ethiopia 2010-2014 FHAPCO August 2010 \n\n37", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Ethiopian Stigma and Discrimination  Survey Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r of schools receiving learning materials in indigenous languages developed under the<br>project in indigenous languages|\n|Frequency|Annual|\n|Data source|MEP Department of Statistics|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection| >>> Annual end-of-year school survey <<< .|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|MEP Department of Statistics|\n|**IRI 3.2.2 Teachers and sch**<br>**students**|**ool administrators in schools with significant migrant intake receive training on adequately meeting needs of migrant**|\n|Description|This indicator measures ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual end-of-year school survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "monitoring and evaluation. \n\nThe PCU monitoring and evaluation officer will coordinate all the four operations. \n\n##### **9.1 Data Collection Phase** \n\n**_Actors_** : PCU \n\nMinistry, Bureau or Department of Agriculture ( >>> agriculture data <<< ) \n\nMinistry, Bureau or Department of Urban Affairs at the Ministry of Social Infrastructure (housing data) \n\nPAPs (provision of other relevant data) Municipality and local administration (household data) \n\nThe above actors will constitute the main task force in the data-collecti", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "agriculture data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "IA</mark> \n\n<mark>May 2022</mark> \n\n## REFERENCES \n\nAnnika Jaansoo, AEBR (2019). Methodology for stakeholder engagement: Within the project, Inter Ventures. Gronau/Enschede. \n\n- Central Statistics Authority of Ethiopia,  >>> Population and Housing Census <<<  (2007) \n\n- Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF (2016) Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey 2016. CSA and ICF, Addis Ababa, Rockville. \n\n- Chaisar, M. and Garg, S.K (2022), Selection of Sewage Treatment Technology using Analytic Hierarchy Process, Materials Toda", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Population and Housing Census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "alia_ Longitudinal Survey**\n\nHai-Anh H. Dang, Trong-Anh Trinh and Paolo Verme<sup>_*_</sup>\n\n**JEL Classification:** I15, J15, J21, J61, O15 **Key words:** refugees, mental health, labor outcomes, instrumental variable,  >>> BNLA longitudinal survey <<< , Australia\n\n> * Dang (hdang@worldbank.org; corresponding author) is a senior economist with the Data Production and Methods Unit, Development Data Group, World Bank and is also affiliated with GLO, IZA, Indiana University, and International School, Vietnam National University, H", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "BNLA longitudinal survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly|\n|Data source| >>> QuarterlyProgress Report <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|MIS|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|PCU|\n|Indicator Name<sup>**REVISED**</sup>|**Refugee beneficiaries (Percentage)**|\n|Description|This indicator measures the number of refugees who benefit from access to improved and alternative ene", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "QuarterlyProgress Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>learners by nature of disability and gender, and registration of<br>refugee learners, including learners in host communities, in<br>NEMIS. MoE develops guidelines for inclusion of refugee<br>children in NEMIS.<br>\u2022<br> >>> Beneficiary survey <<< <br>\u2022<br>Consultancy services including for the target refugee schools<br>(scholarships/ school kits and mentorship services, and studies-<br>baseline, midline, and end line assessments)<br>\u2022<br>Safeguards and fiduciary actions, including scaling up GBV<br>prevention intervention", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Beneficiary survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Number of Locals<br>employed based on<br>gender, vulnerability,<br>Ethnic group, clan<br>etc.<br>\uf0b7 Type of employment<br>(skilled, semi-skilled<br>and unskilled).|Cop<br>\uf0b7 Policy document;<br>\uf0b7 Interviews records;<br>\uf0b7  >>> Record of incidents <<< <br>of<br>GBV reported;<br>\uf0b7 Labour<br>management<br>records|y<br>Contrac<br>SEC<br>CPCT|tor<br>Continuously|No additional<br>cost|\n\n\n\n191", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Record of incidents", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "atial mapping<br>of<br>-<br>forest,<br>biodiversity<br>hotspots,<br>river<br>basins,<br>main<br>infrastructure<br>projects<br>- forest dependent<br>communities,<br>activities<br>undertaken<br>in<br>forest areas, use|||A  >>> GIS data <<< <br>base<br>and<br>progress<br>report<br>that<br>includes maps<br>and<br>key<br>environmental<br>and<br>social<br>issues|- Key intersection point<br>with<br>preparation<br>of<br>reference scenario<br>- Update of data on forests<br>canopy mapping will be<br>undertaken<br>through<b", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " the event of a disaster. \n\n## 6. **DRM activities are developed in alignment with the subproject cycle.** \n\n- (a) As part of the county and community diagnostics, a hazard screening will be performed based on available  >>> flood and drought hazard data <<< . \n\n- (b) If hazard-prone communities choose to implement disaster risk reduction measures (as per the project\u2019s open menu approach), BDC and other community representatives are first engaged in \n\n> 119 UNEP. 2018. _South Sudan First State of the Environment and Outlook Report_ .", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "flood and drought hazard data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "work for monitoring, evaluation, and reporting, as applied to the sub-project. \n\nIn case some of the affected PAPs lose more than 10% of their productive assets or require physical relocation, the plan will also cover a  >>> socioeconomic survey <<<  to determine the livelihood provision impact and, if needed, income restoration measures. \n\nAfter preparation of RAP, the following steps shall be undertaken: \n\n- a) The draft version of RAP will be shared with WB for clearance for implementation before disclosure and implementa", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "socioeconomic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on<br>improved)|.<br>Number of students completing<br>primary education<br>*****<br>number of children attending<br>primary school<br>.<br>satisfactory levels of<br>achievement in mathematics,<br>civics and reading|.<br> >>> Annual statistics/report <<< <br>*****<br>Annual statistics/report<br>.<br>Reports on student<br>achievement testing|_(foow up to oa)_<br>Successful conclusion of peace<br>process<br>Parents can afford to send their<br>children to school|\n|_Follow-on operation:_<br>New teaching methodologies applied<br>natio", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Annual statistics/report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "disposal<br>causing environmental<br>pollution; illegal<br>dumping|Dispose waste at authorized<br>sites; maintain disposal<br>schedule;<br>prohibit discharge into public<br>drains; comply with regulatory<br>requirements| >>> Disposal records <<< <br>available; waste<br>transported to approved<br>sites; no evidence of<br>illegal dumping|Disposal receipts;<br>waste logs;<br>inspection|Periodic<br>monitoring|Contractors; PIU<br>oversight|\n|**Drainage and**<br>**Pollution**<br>**Control**|Blockage of drainage;<br>water pollu", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Disposal records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "lication. The National Security Fund has deployed biometric cards for 79,000 individuals and has taken biographic and some biometric data for 281,317 beneficiaries. The State Secretary of Social Solidarity is building a  >>> social registry tied to biometric information <<<  and has registered 33,000 beneficiaries \n\nPage 23 of 69", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "social registry tied to biometric information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "br>accordance with financial<br>regulations|51%<br>(2003/04)|99%<br>(Only one<br>Ministry & LG<br>failed to comply|99%|Yes|\n|**4.4.2 Reduced**<br>**corruption**|-% perceived incidence of<br>corruption measured by the<br> >>> National Integrity Survey <<< <br>_Note: Because the National_<br>_Integrity Survey was not fielded_<br>_annually, the following_<br>_information is included as an_<br>_interim indicator of progress:_|23%<br>(2003/04)|Survey results<br>not comparable<br>between surveys|12%|NA|\n\n\n\n37", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Integrity Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "al Financing Am|ount|4.0%|\n|\u27a29.2 : Access to selecte|d anonymized micro-data for se|lected policy analysis and rese|archers, in line with the statist|ical law and government policy|(Number )|\n|No digital interface|0|0|3  >>> core micro-data sets <<< <br>made available via an<br>onlineportal to users in|5 core micro-data sets<br>made available via an<br>onlineportal to users in|0|\n\n\n\nPage | XXXV", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "core micro-data sets", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tional|RFP|Jun 21|Dec<br>21||Consulting<br>Services|\n|2|**Establishing an**<br>**integrated emission**<br>**inventory database for**<br>**Greater**pollution emission<br>inventory, and its<br>integration with SLCP and<br> >>> GHG emissions inventory <<< <br>**Cairo and Egypt:**<br>Technical Support Contract<br>for EEAA to support the<br>refinement of existing air|0.5 M|Post|Open/<br>International|RFP|Sep 20|Jan<br>21|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "GHG emissions inventory", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " measure the resilience of banks to materializing credit risk. The authors apply the proposed approach to a set of Eastern European banks and discuss the results.\n\n**Keywords:** Macroprudential Supervision, Stress Test,  >>> Individual Bank Data <<< , Eastern Europe.\n\n**JEL Classification:** G28, E58, G21.\n\n**Sectoral Board:** Financial Sector (FSE).\n\n> _\u2217_ We thank Martin \u02c7Cih \u0301ak, Joaquin Gutierrez and Mar \u0301\u0131a Soledad Mart \u0301\u0131nez Per \u0301\u0131a for comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The views and opinions expressed in the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Individual Bank Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " (Kilometers, Custom)||||\n|Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value<br>0.00|600.00|400.00|400.00|\n|Date<br>12-Jun-2015|17-Jan-2023|10-Aug-2023|29-Dec-2023|\n\n\n\n# **Performance-Based Conditions** \n\n# ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<< ** \n\n# **Disbursements (by loan)** \n\n9/12/2023 \n\nPage 6 of 7", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "uation for steady flow and holding all other factors remaining constant, increasing the well diameter enhances the yield only marginally i.e. about 10%. The diameter should therefore be in the range of 203 \u2013 230 mm. The  >>> logging data <<<  must be collected successively throughout the drilling process for analysis. \n\n#### **4.3 Water Well Design** \n\nFor the purposes of monitoring of groundwater abstraction and the static water level measurements, a water meter and an airline respectively must be installed. An airl", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "logging data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "cted People/Parties are presented in the following table. It is not possible to have values in this table because actual surveying has not been done yet. \n\n**Table 52** :Categorization of project impacts (to be based on  >>> Socio-economic and asset surveys <<< ) \n\n|**Impacts**|**Numbers (to be filled**<br>**with detailed RAP)**|\n|---|---|\n|Total Land Affected (Permanent Acquisition & Restriction)||\n|Permanent Land Acquisition (RoW)||\n|Permanent Land Restriction (Wayleave)||\n|Total Number of Customary Landowners Affected (households)||\n", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socio-economic and asset surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " for PIAPs will have a direct and positive impact on the operations and financial health of the service providers, and ultimately their creditworthiness. The IPF will support sector monitoring and reporting by funding a  >>> baseline survey of water points <<< , the development of a national water sector M&E system, the hiring of an Independent Verification Agent (IVA) to verify Program results, as well operational costs for managing the Program. There will be ongoing refugee policy and regulatory support in the implementation of the W", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey of water points", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ed through||Implementin<br>g Agencies|||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|IR Indicator 2.2.2a Increase in<br>satisfaction of female users on early<br>warning and hydromet services<br>developed or improved under the<br>Project| >>> user surveys <<< . The increase in<br>the percentage points from<br>the baseline are indicated as<br>targets. The design of the<br>survey will ensure gender<br>disaggregated data<br>collection, and make a<br>reference to global good<br>practices. The indicator will<br>measure the percentage of<br", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "user surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "> >>> list of certified training service providers <<< ; DLI 1.3<br>Number of performance-based contracts signed<br>with training service providers (TSPs)|9,500,000.00<br>1.2: $3.5m, 1.3: $6m|\n\n\n\nPage 55 of 106", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "list of certified training service providers", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nformation on<br>this)|SS/VMGFP|\n|High<br>prevalence<br>of Early<br>pregnancies<br>and<br>GBV/SEA<br>within the<br>COVID-19<br>period|Adopt an<br>integrated<br>approach to<br>GBV/SEA<br>interventions|Develop/update a<br> >>> Directory of GBV/SEA <<<  in<br>supported counties for<br>placing in healthcare<br>facilities to promote victim<br>support pathways<br>Adopt an integrated<br>approach to GBV/SEA<br>interventions|To be<br>scheduled and<br>costed under<br>the<br>Department<br>responsible for<br>GBV/SEA<br>under<br>Componen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Directory of GBV/SEA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r 2019, the new Government reaffirmed its engagement to the global pact for refugees and has committed to adopt a law for asylum seekers, allowing refugees to be properly registered in national systems starting with the  >>> national registry <<< , align access to health services for refugees with national citizens, and offer the refugees the same access conditions to the job market as national citizens.<sup>7</sup> \n\n6. **The Government has set economic diversification and regional development as priorities to foster job", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "usehold Survey 2019-2020. Public Use Dataset. Ref: MWI_2019_IHS-V_v05_M. Dataset downloaded from `https://doi.org/10.48529/yqn3-zv74` .\n\n- Malawi National Statistical Office (NSO) (Government of Malawi) (2022). Malawi -  >>> High-Frequency Phone Survey <<<  2020-2022. Public Use Dataset. Ref: MWI_2020_HFPS_v13_M. Dataset downloaded from `https://doi.org/10.48529/q6pt-dk67` .\n\n- Mathieu, E., H. Ritchie, L. Rod\u00e9s-Guirao, C. Appel, C. Giattino, J. Hasell, B. Macdonald, S. Dattani, D. Beltekian, E. Ortiz-Ospina, and M. Roser (2020). Co", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "High-Frequency Phone Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ly|\n|Data source| >>> QuarterlyProgress Report <<< |\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection|MIS|\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|PCU|\n|Indicator Name<sup>**REVISED**</sup>|**Policy dialogue forums on development responses to forced displacement supported by the project (Number)**|\n|Description|This indicator measures the numb", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "QuarterlyProgress Report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "esting in Solutions: A Practical Guide for the Use of Micro-finance in UNHCR Operations. Geneva: UNHCR. \n\n- **_____** (2012a) _Livelihoods Programming in UNHCR: Operational Guidelines_ . Geneva: UNHCR. \n\n- _____ (2012b)  >>> Uganda statistics by settlements, Kampala <<< . Geneva: UNHCR. \n\n30", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda statistics by settlements, Kampala", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "on: This indicator measures beneficiary feedback of e-services provided by Citizen Service Center. There will be built-in short questionnaire requesting feedback from citizens after requesting or using a service online.  >>> Data on citizen satisfaction <<<  will not be available for the first two years while e-services are being developed and citizen service center is being <u>piloted.</u> \n\nPage 40 of 69", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on citizen satisfaction", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Report No: ISR7461 \n\n\n\n# The World Bank \n\n## ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<<  (as of 29-Nov-2010)** \n\n|**Financial Agre**|**ement(s) Key Dates**|||||||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Project|Ln/Cr/Tf|Status|Approval Date|Signing Date|Effectiveness Date|Original Closing Date|Revised Closing Date|\n|P101232|IDA-48140|Closed|30-Sep-2010|24-Nov-2010|25-Nov", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mate co-benefits in this project to amount to **US$ 59.75** million (or **24%** of the IDA contribution). The assessment found that adaptation co-benefits can be assigned for: (i) enhancing the scope and coverage of the  >>> single registry <<< , since it will enable timely identification of households affected **by** climate-related emergencies; (ii) expanding the nutrition-sensitive safety net, since food insecurity has been linked to droughts and (iii) improving the shock responsiveness of the safety net system, sinc", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "single registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " information system (MIS); (ii) improving the Payroll and Attendance Sheet System to track payments in cash and food for core clients and those receiving temporary support in response to drought and to begin to create a  >>> household registry of safety net clients <<< ; and (iii) strengthening the Government\u2019s early warning systems to better inform a scaling-up of the safety net. \n\nA major aim of this support was to be integration of the PSNP and Humanitarian Food Assistance (HFA) program into a common framework, including use of PSNP\u2019s target", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "household registry of safety net clients", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_ and _Training & Workshops_ to (i) develop a new national sampling frame (NASSEP) based on the  2009 Population Census; (ii) undertake the second Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey (KIHBS II), (iii) carry out the  >>> census of industrial production <<<  and the distribution and services survey, that are needed to update the country\u2019s micro and macro economic statistics; and (iv) complete a number of other priority surveys and activities within KNBS and across the NSS. The activities were foreseen in the original PAD, but delaye", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census of industrial production", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Cost-Based Selection Open - National 27,448.00 0.00 Canceled 2020-03-10 2020-04-08 2020-05-12 2020-06-09 2020-07-09 2020-08-13 2020-08-27 2021-08-27<br>of sample design and<br>estimation procedures for<br>improvement of  >>> price survey <<< <br>and labor statistics<br> ET-CSA-156233", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "price survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Observations at Entebbe Hospital ............................................................. 38|\n|<br>2.2 HCW INCINERATION INUGANDA: CONCERNS ANDIMPROVEMENTMEASURES....................................... 41|\n|2.2.1<br> >>> HCWM Improvement Study <<<  (Carl Bro, Jul 2005, revised Mar 2009)............................. 41|\n|2.2.2<br>UPOPs Inventory Report", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HCWM Improvement Study", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\n- c) The RAP will be available at the KISIP offices (National and County) and a copy with the SEC \n\nDuring public disclosure, a summary of the main findings and recommendations, entitlements, and  >>> PAP register <<<  will be presented in a language and manner understandable to all PAPs. \n\n## **4.9 Cultural Property Resources** \n\nAll utilities and common property resources likely to be affected due to the project will be relocated with prior approval of the concerned agencies before start of ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "PAP register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tract Completion<br>d<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual<br>Planned<br>Actual|\n|CQS-1 / Consultant firm to c<br>onduct  >>> baseline survey <<< |TF / B6532|Project Management and Ad<br>ministration, Monitoring and<br>Evaluation, and Knowledge<br>Dissemination<br>|Post|Consultant Qualifi<br>cation  Selection|Open - National||25,000.00|23,955.15<br>Si|gned|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0.00|me at the expor<br>r complyingwit<br>12.00|t and import to comp<br>h customs requireme<br>Yearly|ly with Customs requirements. Using upgr<br>nts and thus reduce cross borderingcosts.<br>Tax Administration annual<br> >>> statistical report and Budget <<< <br>execution law|aded information<br> <br>ANSIE/PCU and Tax<br>Administration (DGI)|\n\n\n\nDescription: Customs clearance delay is defined as the average of time at the export and import to comply with Customs requirements. Using upgraded information system and risk-based verificat", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "statistical report and Budget", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Oromiya, South Ethiopia<br>and South-West Ethiopia Regions of the country.|\n|---|---|\n|8.**Cultural**<br>**Heritage**|ESS8 is relevant as the project will involve rehabilitation of offices and<br>overhaul/development of  >>> ICSMIS <<< , IHRPS, and IFMIS in existing government<br>premises; thus, the potential adverse impacts of these activities are expected to be<br>low. Thus, the project\u2019s ESMF has incorporated \u201cchance finds\u201d procedures to address<br>potential adverse impacts on cultural heritage consistent wi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ICSMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "roved by MoFPED.|15,000,000|(DLR<br>9.1<br>total<br>allocated 2,500,000)<br>(i)  1,500,000<br>(ii)  1,000,000||\n||DLR 9.2 (Year 2):<br>(i)  At least 10% of<br>registered central<br>government assets are<br>valued in the  >>> IFMIS FA <<<  and<br>monitored according to the<br>guidelines; and<br>(ii)  BPR for asset<br>management system and||(DLR 9.2 total<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "IFMIS FA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " more concentrated still, with people living on average around 100-150km from the rest of the population. This dispersion indicator is a population-\n\n> 2 World Bank, 2019. \u2018Socio-economic analysis: A spatial analysis of  >>> population and housing census data <<< \u2019, a background paper prepared for _A Review of Spatial Development Issues in the Pacific Islands Countries_ (P166346).\n\n2", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population and housing census data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Outcome|Yes|Percentage|17,000,000.00|0.00|\n|**Period**|**Value**||**Allocated Amount (USD)**|**Formula**|\n|Baseline|32.00||||\n|N/A|38.00||17,000,000.00||\n|**DLI IN01047028 ACTION**<br>**DLI 6**|Health Centers repo|rting  >>> HMIS data <<<  in time (restr|uctured -DLI- 5a)||\n|**Type of DLI**|**Scalability**|**Unit of Measure**|**Total Allocated Amount (USD)**|**As % of Total Financing Amount**|\n|Process|Yes|Percentage|7,770,000.00|0.00|\n|**Period**|**Value**||**Allocated Amount (USD)**|", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HMIS data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t on the unemployment rate, the employment to population rate or wages except for a small one year lagged effect on the unemployment rate and real wages. Interestingly, these results hold whether the authors control for  >>> Portuguese macroeconomic indicators <<<  or the Spanish labor market, which had similar characteristics to the Portuguese labor market in the 1970s. Using a separate longitudinal model and focusing on the construction sector, the same authors find a large and significant effect on earnings in this sector. However, the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Portuguese macroeconomic indicators", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r>95a<br>99<br>|\n|General govemmentconsumption<br>|..|4.7<br>|3.3<br>|3.6<br>|*5<br> <br>|\n|Gross domestic investment<br>Importsofgoodsandservices|..<br>..|2.8<br>1.2|4.5<br>-0.5|5.6<br>9.0|Exports<br>-Imports|\n\n\n\nNote:  >>> 2000 data <<<  are prellminary estimates. \n\n* The diamonds show four key indicators in the country (In bold) compared with its income-group average. It data are missing, the diamond will be Incomplete. \n\n- 59 -", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "2000 data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "tempt to take the risk profile of a bank's business into account by assessing a bank's risk-taking behaviour, our measure still suffers from not accounting for business mix and the quality of service. Accurate data on a  >>> sectoral breakdown of extended loans <<<  might be used to account for business mix, but further research is needed to develop methods that will enable us to assess the performance of a bank given its accounting data.\n\n24", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sectoral breakdown of extended loans", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "-04 2022-02-03 2022-03-10 2022-09-06<br>tocking system for all transfu<br>sing facilities in the public sector<br> KE-MOH-272316-CS-CQS / Co<br>nsultancy services to conduct<br>a  >>> nationwide survey <<<  to guidecommunity engagement acti IDA / 65980 Community discussion and information outreach Post Consultant Qualification  Selection Limited 100,000.00 0.00 Pending Implementation 2022-01-12 2022-01-26 2022-02-25 2022-04-01 2022-09-28<br>vities that will support comm<br>unity re", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "nationwide survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd other support (e.g. GBV kits) to survivors; (iii) sensitize host communities and refugees on GBV and resources for accessing protection services (hotlines, community mechanisms, etc.); and (iv) improve the quality of  >>> data on gender-based violence <<<  in host communities and refugee settlements, in order to inform interventions. \n\n**38.** In addition to the new activities proposed, the component costs under the parent project will be revised to US$7.8 million, consisting of US$7.1 million under IDA credit and US$0.7 million u", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on gender-based violence", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e agricultural sector.   This would include both targeted interventions (including support to women groups for appropriate enterprises) and ensuring inclusion in all project activities, backed up with an M&E system with  >>> disaggregated data <<< . \n\nNutrition: although improved nutrition is not an explicit or measurable outcome of the proposed project, there would be many activities that would support aspects of the National Nutrition Program, notable increasing the nutrition value and diversity of available foodstuffs. ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " project intends to undertake an e-waste assessment and to contribute to the set-up/strengthening of regional e-waste collection centers and treatment  facility in the country, in partnership with the private sector. An  >>> e-waste baseline survey <<<  will be carried out prior to appraisal to inform the scale of the investment. While aiming to improve eservices in the country, the project will contribute towards climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions that would have arisen from transportation.  Some li", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "e-waste baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Table A4: Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) Questions in Nigeria\n\n|41|\n|---|\n\n||Pre- >>> COVID-19 Surveys <<< ||COVID-19 Surveys||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|FIES|Question|Recall|Question|Recall|\n|FS1|You or any other adult in your household worried<br>about not having enough food to eat because of<br>lack of money or other resources?|30 day|You or any other adult in your household were<br>w", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "COVID-19 Surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hen national road asset management (US$2 million). This subcomponent will finance the creation of a road asset database for the trunk network in Lebanon, the collection of the basic information for the database (such as  >>> road condition visual surveys <<< , IRAP assessment of road safety, and traffic counts on select road sections), and the revision of design and maintenance standards to reflect changing climate conditions, particularly related to drainage and slope protection/stabilization. This subcomponent will also finance the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "road condition visual surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Electricity Transmission Company Limited<br>|\n|UNFCC|United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change|\n|UNHS| >>> Uganda National Health Survey <<< |\n|UPE|Univeral Primary Education|\n|URED|Uganda Rural Electricity Department|\n|USD|United States Dollar|\n|USE|Uganda Securities Commission|\n|UWA|Uganda Wildlife Authority|\n|V/m|Volts per Meter|\n|VAC|Violence Against Children|\n|VEC|<br>Valued Environmental Component|\n|VES|Visual E", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Uganda National Health Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "(Percentage, Custom Supplement) \n\n||Baseline|Actual|(Previous)|Actual  (Current)|End Target|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|--||0.00|40.00|\n|Date|31-Dec-2013|--||01-Jun-2015|31-Jul-2019|\n\n\n\nOverall Comments \n\n# ** >>> Data on Financial Performance <<< ** \n\n## **Disbursements (by loan)** \n\n|Project|Loan/Credit/TF|Status|Currency<br>|Original|Revised|Cancelled|Disbursed|Undisbursed||Disbursed|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|P145101|IDA-54060|Not<br>Effective|XDR|94", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Data on Financial Performance", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "rted 30% of protection assistances were other specific protection actions, including, for the most part, training and capacity building services for people of concern or communal or governmental authorities. \n\n\n\n### 4.3  >>> Funding data <<<  \n\nIn 2021, within the HRP framework, Protection Cluster South Sudan planned to reach 2.57 million people with protection services with a response plan of 99 M USD. PC HRP members reached to up to 70% of their target population (overall, all cluster members, together with other f", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Funding data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "conomic transformation articulated in the National Agenda. This suggests the need for significant realignment of MoE vocational programs to be undertaken based on input from the employer community and deeper analysis of  >>> labor market information <<<  derived from Al", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "labor market information", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pen|- Nati|onal|100,000.00|0.00<br>Canc|eled|2021-05-03<br>2021-05-24|2021-07-07||||2021-08-06|2021-09-10|2|022-0|3-09|\n|ZM-MOH-259373-CS-CQS / C<br>onsultancy Services for the D<br>evelopment of Surveillance S<br>ystem  >>> DHIS2 Tracker <<< |<br>IDA / 65030|Public Health Assets|Post|Consultant Qualifi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHIS2 Tracker", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**G. Beyond the firm: \"The micro-foundations of macroeconomics\"1 0**\n\nThe scope of  >>> firm-level surveys <<<  goes well beyond testing theories of the firm. As many researchers have suggested, firm-level data has become key to understand the macro economy. Macroeconomic analysis concentrates mainly on understanding the determinants of output, unemployment and inflation. Researchers have", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "firm-level surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>Construction areas shall be separated by a fence and a<br>separate access gate is used for construction workers,<br>Ensure that women are given a mentorship orientation<br>before starting their work.<br>Provision of  >>> gender-disaggregated data <<< , separate bathing,<br>changing, and sanitation facilities for men and women<br>shall be made ready by the contractor, and<br>Impose zero tolerance on sexual harassment, all forms of<br>gender-based violence and discrimination at all phases of<br>the project.<br>MOH must clearly ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "gender-disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", as well as studies to determine a sustainable financing model for the ongoing production of ID documents. At the time of enrollment in the  >>> population registry <<< , individuals will be issued a low-cost preliminary credential. This will serve as a proof of enrollment and will facilitate the future delivery of other credentials, such as national ID cards. \n\n- (e) **Communications, grievance redress, and citizen engagement.** An awareness-ra", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "population registry", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "# **The World Bank** \n\n## Financial Sector Strengthening Project (FSSP)(P171627) \n\n|Oct/2024||Oct/2028|\n|---|---|---|\n|No||Yes|\n|**Number of financial institutions monitoring and collectin**|**g  >>> sex-disaggregated financial sector data <<< (Number) **||\n|Oct/2024||Oct/2028|\n|0||3|\n|**Component 2: Reform, Restructuring and Recapitalization**|**of the CBE**||\n|**A new commercial operating model of CBE is adopted(Ye**|**s/No) **<sup>**PBC**</sup>||\n|Oct/2024||Oct/2025|\n|No||Yes|\n|**Corporate Governance of CBE strength", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "sex-disaggregated financial sector data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "p>*****</sup>\n\nMarco Letta<sup>\u00a7</sup> , Pierluigi Montalbano<sup>\u2020</sup> , Adriana Paolantonio<sup>\u2021</sup>\n\n**JEL-Codes:** C31; O15; Q54.\n\n**Keywords** : climate migration; immobility traps; adaptation; causal forests;  >>> household data <<< .\n\n**Replication package:** Available at the World\u2019s Bank Reproducible Research Repository.\n\n**Declarations of interest:** None.\n\n\u00a7 Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sapienza University of Rome; marco.letta@uniroma1.it \u2020 Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Sap", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Stage I Diversion, the maximum water levels at Q=2,200 m<sup>3</sup> /s (Q=discharge), are estimated at 1,097 m AMSL at the upstream end of Dumbbell Island and approximately 1,091 m AMSL at the downstream end. Detailed  >>> underwater surveys <<<  at the commencement of the construction phase may result in small adjustments in the predicted water levels, with the heights of cofferdams adjusted accordingly. \n\nIn order to prevent vegetation being carried downstream, it will be cleared from the respective river channel immed", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "underwater surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ss raising to<br>VMF staff on the prevention of GBV,<br>\u25cf<br>Strengthen the Gender and women office of MOH to<br>address GBV cases when it occurs,<br>\u25cf<br>On-going prevention training for staff; and<br>\u25cf<br>Provision of  >>> gender-disaggregated data <<< , separate bathing,<br>changing, sanitation facilities for men and women shall be<br>ready by institution<br>\u25cf<br>Impose zero tolerance on sexual harassment, all forms of<br>gender-based violence and discrimination at all phases of<br>the project|Percentage of women<br>employed.<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "gender-disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " with the<br>highest teacher shortage.<br>Camp based refugee<br>schools recruit contract<br>teachers through the<br>SIPs/school grants.|Annual|TSC, TSC<br>county offices<br>Independent<br>Verification<br>Reports|collect  >>> data from schools <<< <br>for submission to the<br>TSC for compilation of<br>annual reports on", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "data from schools", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "enges if FDPs do not have work permits. In some cases, it might also be necessary to have UNHCR or IOM officials accompanying enumerators or even conducting the interviews themselves.\n\nThe implementation of FDP-specific  >>> socio-economic survey <<< s can be done in parallel with UNHCR\u2019s verification exercises. The verification exercise is a census that visits all registered refugees to update their data. In Kenya, an additional socio-economic questionnaire was administered to a random subset of refugees participating in the", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "||\n|2.1|Appointment of RAP Implementation Officer at RIU|||||||||||||\n|2.2|Familiarization and Review of the RAP report by RIU|||||||||||||\n|2.3|Training of RAP/RIU staffs in RAP implementation|||||||||||||\n|2.4|Prepare  >>> Household Files from Database <<< |||||||||||||\n|**3**|**Resettlement Committee Formation and Awareness Creation Phase**|||||||||||||\n|3.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Household Files from Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "an be defined for PX identification when replacing status si by deprivation di.<sup>70</sup> It could be interesting to develop such method so as to derive the weights of a global multidimensional poverty indicator from  >>> subjective well-being data <<<  and then compare the bias associated to the derived weights with the bias associated to equal-weights.\n\nThe method outlined above readily extends to more general well-being indicators, which compare any two achievement vectors.<sup>71</sup> One natural way of selecting the param", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "subjective well-being data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "crow contracts, and (d) harmonized structure for the payment of allowances and reimbursable expenses across implementing agencies. \n\n36. The mission further emphasized the need for the establishment of maintenance of an  >>> asset register <<< , tagging and the provision of requisite insurance covers for all equipment procured under the project. \n\n37. _Training and Research:_ The mission emphasized the need to develop an annual project training and research plans that are closely linked with project objectives and indi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "asset register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "11|||2023-02-08|\n|KE-MEACLSS-325537-GO-RF<br>Q / The State Department int<br>ends to procure 15-user STA<br>TA/MP 17 (4 core) for analyzi<br>ng and presenting data colle<br>cted from  >>> ESOS <<< .|IDA / 58120|Improving labor market infor<br>mation|<br>Post<br> <br>|Request for Quota<br>tions|Limi|ted|Single Stage - One E<br>nvelope||8,300.00|0.00<br>Pending Impl<br>ementation|||||2022-11-30||||2022-12-21|||2023-01-18|\n|KE-MEACLSS-335936-GO-RF<br>Q / The Ministry intends ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ESOS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ority levels of care.|<br>Biannually|Administrative<br>data and<br>verification<br>reports.<br>Health<br>Infrastructure<br>Inventory<br>reports|Periodic data collection<br>using structured<br>checklists and review of<br> >>> administrative data <<<  and<br>verification reports|M&E Specialist, CHS<br>Planning, CHS<br>Infrastructure|\n|Number of isolation<br>facilities/Intensive Care Units/High<br>Dependency Units upgraded or<br>remodeled in RHDs and refugee<br>settlements|Sum of isolation<br>facilities/Intensive Care<br>Units", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "administrative data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " are designated ................................... 23|\n|---|---|\n|Table 7|Breakdown of taxonomic groups represented in the species list together with their highest<br>threatened status determined from IUCN (global) and  >>> National Red Lists <<<  ...................... 28|\n|Table 8|Breakdown of Likelihood of Occurrence assessment of CR and EN species over the various<br>taxonomic groups ............................................................................................................. 28|\n|Table 9|Critically En", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "National Red Lists", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " \n\n\n\n- The project office (compensation/rehabilitation), \n\n\n\n- Agriculture and Rural Development Offices located at Woreda level (for agricultural data), \n\n\n\n- Municipalities (housing data), \n\n\n\n- Kebele Administration ( >>> household data <<< ), and \n\n\n\n- PAPs (provision of other relevant data) \n\nThe above actors will constitute the main task force in the data collection phase. This process will include consultations with PAPs and other relevant stakeholders. The data collected will serve as an instrument for the moni", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " who<br>received completeIPT2dose|42%|50%|47%|5%|No|\n|No. of couple years of<br>protection(CYP)|361,080|500,000|594,594|65%|Yes|\n|% ofwomenattendedANC4|56%|60%|58%|2%|No|\n\n\n\n*Data only collected every five years through  >>> DHS <<<  (2006 and 2011) \n\n**PRSC indicator. \n\nSource: Government Annual Performance Report, Financial Year 2008/09, November 2009. \n\n> 27 As noted in the 2010 CAS, \u201cUganda suffers from pervasive \u2018quiet corruption\u2019 \u2013 the failure of public servants to deliver goods or services paid for by", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "have been completed; using the results of resettlement monitoring to guide subsequent implementation. \n\n### **Abbreviated Resettlement Plan** \n\n22. An abbreviated plan covers the following minimum elements: \n\n   - (a) A  >>> census survey of displaced persons <<<  and valuation of assets; \n\n   - (b) Description of compensation and other resettlement assistance to be provided; \n\n   - (c) Consultations with displaced people about acceptable alternatives; \n\n   - (d) Institutional responsibility for implementation and procedures for grievance", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey of displaced persons", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " dispersed throughout hundreds of _bomas_ and _payams_ in around 21 counties across the country. The project design builds in a robust implementation and oversight mechanism by UNOPS and IOM, a strong M&E mechanism with  >>> georeferenced monitoring system <<< , engagement of a TPM to provide independent monitoring and a strong GRM. The implementation support plan is further complemented by the World Bank\u2019s implementation support including supervision missions once every four months. The task team will undertake continual social and co", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "georeferenced monitoring system", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "oConsultant Draft NegotiatedContract Signed Contract Contract Completion<br>Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual Planned Actual<br> KE-KISII COUNTY-138397-CS-<br>CQS / Procure Consultant todevelop  >>> county health datarepository <<<  (consultancy feeand host computer IDA / 58360 Improving Primary HealthCare Results Post IndividualConsultantSelection Direct 600.00 0.00 PendingImplementation 2019-11-18 2019-11-28 2019-12-19 2020-01-23 2020-03-13<br>configuration)<br><!-- End of picture text -->\n\nPage 3", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "county health datarepository", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ystems, reporting<br>t lit hdli|JSRP/C55/08|QCBS||50.00|Post|Plan|05Aug 07|Aug25/07|Aug31/07|Sep15/07|Oct15/07|Nov.5/07|Nov.15/07|Jan5/08|Jan.15/08|\n|sysems, compan anng<br>procedures;|-||Lump-sum|||Act||||||||||\n|56<br> >>> The Second Corruption Survey <<< |JSRP/C56/08|CBS||433.89|Prior|Plan|18Aug 07|05Sep07|13Sept. 07|28Sept.07|NA|NA|Nov.15/07|Jan5/08|Jan.15/08|\n|Conducted|-|Q|Lump-sum||", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "The Second Corruption Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "velopment, upgrading, and maintenance of access and feeder roads; soil conservatfon measures and development of tree nurseries; a wildlife control program. to lfmit damage to crops by wild animal\u00b7;; studies to esta~lish  >>> baseline data <<<  on the district, monitoring, and evaluation of project progress, \u00b7\u00b7~.md studies and field trails", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ion<br>making organs|Number<br>of<br>meetings<br>attended<br>by<br>VMG<br>representatives Number<br>and<br>types of VMGs<br>issues articulated|KISIP,<br>and<br>Groups<br>Organiz|Vulnerable<br>Marginalized<br> <br>ations| >>> VMGO reports <<< |\n|Participatory<br>M&E<br>with VMGs|Internal M&E External<br>M&E|KISIP,<br>and<br>Groups<br>Organiz|Vulnerable<br>Marginalized<br> <br>ations||\n\n\n\n### **10.2 Monitoring and Evaluation Benchmarks** \n\nMonitoring Indicators: several key indicators and", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "VMGO reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "r outcomes. The MGLSD will contract a consulting firm to design and develop the integrated data platform, which will include an interface that allows the persons responsible for M&E at all implementing agencies to enter  >>> monitoring data <<<  that they collect. \n\n80. **The MGLSD will lead the overall M&E efforts.** The MGLSD already has an experienced Planning Unit which has been responsible for leading the efforts to track government programs. Staff with specialized skills in (a) survey design, implementation, and a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "monitoring data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "eted prior to the start of any sub-project site preparation or construction activities. \n\nIt should, however, be noted that the definitive number of households likely to be displaced will be established during the final  >>> property and asset inventories <<<  to be identified when the RP is prepared. In general, however, the TL avoids villages, where the concentration of buildings is demarcated. \n\n### **ES 7.3.3 Employment and Economic Development** \n\nThere are no strong adverse impacts on the local and regional economy at the pre-co", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "property and asset inventories", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n on school attendance and grade attained across three different academic years: 1998/99, 1999/00 and 2000/01. We are\n\n> 7 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation & Benetech Human Rights Data Analysis Group. \u2015 >>> Human Rights Violations Database <<< .\u2016 9 February, 2006. Website: http://www.hrdag.org/resources/timor-leste_data.shtml. 8 There may be potential sample biases in the statement taking procedure given the voluntary nature of the process. It is possible that those living in more remote or mountainous areas, those liv", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Human Rights Violations Database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Methodology|\n|**Source**|**DLI#**|**Responsibility**|**Timing**|**Timing Value**|**Status**|\n|Fiduciary Systems||MoA, BoAs, EIAR,<br>MF PPA|Recurrent|Continuous|Delayed|\n|**Completion Measurement**|(i) All entities m<br> >>> MAPS II report <<< |o,<br>eet requirements by end Yr<br>finalized.|1; (ii) from Yr. 2 no|outstanding balances aged|more than a year; (iii)|\n|**Comments**|MoF will submi|t a status update on these ac|tions by the end of|May 2020.||\n\n\n\n1/20/2023 \n\nPage 4 of 12", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "MAPS II report", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " employment relationships with labourers - ensuring legal protection on form and frequency of pay, working hours. \n\nUnder the Contractor's LFMP, the EPC contractor will: \n\n- Commit, where requested, to provide a copy of  >>> employment registers and records <<<  including details of hours/overtime worked, wages paid and the employment status of workers, both those employed directly and indirectly; \n\n- Assume primary responsibility for day-to-day monitoring of the implementation of labour standards requirements placed by project financie", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "employment registers and records", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pulations of concern to UNHCR, end-2006 Source: 2006 ASR. Data are provisional and subject to change. Status as at 15 June 2007.** \n\n*** Indicates the proportion of the population of concern in the country for which the  >>> demographic data <<<  are available. If the coverage is low (below 10-20%), the percentages may not be representative for the total population of concern in the country.** \n\n#### **_<u>Important note:</u>_** \n\n**The population for which demographic data is available does not necessarily equal the tot", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "demographic data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " consists of a panel of households. The second dataset is a community questionnaire. The third dataset consists of administrative data from the National Commission for Demobilization, Reinsertion and Reintegration.\n\nThe  >>> Panel Dataset <<< . The first dataset constitutes a two-round household survey undertaken in Burundi. The first round is a QUIBB/CWIQ survey that is representative at the provincial level<sup>10</sup> collected in February 2006. The survey was requested by the Ministry of Planning and designed by ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Panel Dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ong support of the King and oversight by the Royal Court is expected to mitigate the risk of inaction or inconsistency across the government. The GOJ is aware of the social risks of the targeted \n\n> 17 World Bank. 2021.  >>> ID4D global dataset <<< . \n\n> 18 World Bank. _Second State of the Mashreq Women Report_ . <u>https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jordan/publication/secondstate-of-the-mashreq-women-report-who-cares-care-work-and-women-s-labor-market-outcomes-in-iraq-jordan-andlebano#:~:text=Based%20on%20the%20analysis%", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ID4D global dataset", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ". \n\nGrievance information will be recorded in a  >>> grievance log <<< . This information will include: \n\n- PAPs or other stakeholder name and contact details; \n\n- Details of the nature of the grievance; \n\n- Date received, responded to and closed out; \n\n- How it was submitted, acknowledged, responded to and closed out. \n\n- _Referral and examination ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "grievance log", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", data collectors, enumerators, etc. on how safely handle GBV disclosure and refer to available GBV services.</mark> \n\n||**PRIVATE ACCOMMODATION**<br>**To the Polish Government and Public Authorities:**<br>\u25aa<br>Create a  >>> centralised and pre-screened database <<<  with landlords willing to rent to<br>Ukrainians and committing to hosting standards, based on\u2018European Union Agency for<br>Asylum (EUAA) practical recommendations on provision of emergency placement in<br>private accommodation for persons displaced from Ukraine\u2019, as well as code", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "centralised and pre-screened database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "with interested parties/ other stakeholders such as national government and its agencies, NGOs and the general public. All new commitments made by UCSATP or its representatives to stakeholders are to be entered into the  >>> Commitments Register <<< . Information on public engagement activities undertaken by the Project during the year may be conveyed to the stakeholders in a standalone annual report on project\u2019s interaction with the stakeholders. \n\n# 5.16.2 MONITORING INDICATORS \n\nA number of Key Performance Indicators (KPI", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Commitments Register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "## ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS \n\n|AfDB|African Development Bank|\n|---|---|\n|ALM|Asset andLiabilityManagement|\n|AWPB|Annual Work Plan andBudget|\n|BPS| >>> Business Pulse Survey <<< |\n|CBK|Central Bank of Kenya|\n|CE|Citizen Engagement|\n|CGC|Credit Guarantee Company|\n|CGS|Credit Guarantee Scheme|\n|COVID-19|Coronavirus Disease 2019|\n|CPS|CountryPartnershipStrategy|\n|CSD|Central Securities Depository|\n|DA|Designated Account|\n|DFIs|Development Finance Institutio", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Business Pulse Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "pparently would come to the scene. \n\nEEP shall therefore be responsible to prepare a RP Addendum using the same principle and method of compensation consistent to the original RP.  A census will be conducted, and a full  >>> inventory of losses <<<  shall be established to prepare such RP Addendum. The Addendum will not discuss all the key elements of a RP as such elements have already been discussed or addressed in the original RP prepared for the Subproject. \n\nThe key objectives will be to provide mitigation measures in t", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "inventory of losses", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0 0.00 PendingImplementation 2020-10-29 2020-11-19 2021-01-02 2021-01-30 2021-03-01 2021-04-05 2021-05-10 2022-05-10<br>Documents<br> ET-CSA-196557-CS-QCBS /<br>Employment of consultancy<br>service providing firm for<br> >>> Trade in Service Survey <<<  -Consultancy Services on IDA / D2290 Post Quality And Cost-Based Selection 308,674.00 0.00 PendingImplementation 2020-10-07 2020-10-22 2020-11-15 2020-12-13 2021-01-12 2021-02-16 2021-03-02 2021-08-29<br>Technical issues of<br>questionnaire development,<br>testing,<br> ET-CSA-19", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Trade in Service Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "fication issued.<br>DLR 2.2: The result is measured by calculating the total number of school leaders certified as per the school leadership framework, and these results are<br>conditional to DLR 2.1 being achieved. The  >>> data on the number of school leaders <<<  would be from the EMIS (or other similar) portal. The VA will cross-check these<br>i        i         i   ii i|\n|Procedure|figures against the EMIS or other portal, in consultation with MoE. The VA will also verify the figures using a statistically significant sampling approach ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "data on the number of school leaders", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "project implementation. They will be provided with capacity building support and will assist communities in the design, implementation, and monitoring of community-led initiatives. NGOs are also likely to be involved in  >>> KAP surveys <<< , training of trainers, and monitoring and evaluation. \n\n6.4 What institutional arrangements have been provided to ensure the project achieves its social development outcomes? \n\nThe participatory approach used in project preparation will be continued and expanded during project i", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "KAP surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "n July 2013, further delineates the difference between Open Data, and what constitutes _Open Government Data_ , which is the central concept of the present research. In particular, the Charter \u201crecognizes that the term \u201c >>> government data <<< \u201d includes, but is not limited to, data held by national, regional, local, and city governments, international governmental bodies, and other types of institutions in the wider public sector.\u201d<sup>30</sup> Given the plurality of perspectives on these closely interrelated topics, ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "government data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mption of conditional independence, which is untestable in the current setup. Third, future research could analyze if our results differ from an approach that combines EU-SILC 2020 (with income reference year 2019) with  >>> HBS 2020 <<< .\n\n**The paper is organized as follows.** Section II describes the methodology and data. Section III summarizes the main results of the imputation and how energy and income poverty overlap. Section IV concludes.\n\n6 Most of the work to date focuses on imputing income data collecte", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HBS 2020", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "irms rely on to address skill gaps \u2013 using high-skill expatriate workers, providing company-sponsored training, hiring new workers, or outsourcing professional services \u2013 and which ones are most effective?\n\n> 6 A second  >>> enterprise skills survey <<<  is currently on-going in Zambia, which will also support the preparation of a new World Bank project and contribute to the regional framework of data collection on skills. The regional framework contributes to work being undertaken under the Partnership for Skills in Applied Sci", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "enterprise skills survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Hersbach, H., B. Bell,<br>P. Berrisford, G.<br>Biavati, A. Hor\u00e1nyi, J.<br>Mu\u00f1oz Sabater, J.<br>Nicolas, C. Peubey,<br>R. Radu, I. Rozum, D.<br>Schepers, A.<br>Simmons, C. Soci, D.<br>Dee, and J.-N.<br>Th\u00e9paut. 2018.<br>\u201c >>> ERA5 Hourly Data <<< <br>on Single Levels<br>from 1979 to<br>Present.\u201d Copernicus<br>Climate Change<br>Service (C3S) Climate<br>Data Store (CDS).|Funk, C.C., P. J.<br>Peterson, M. F.<br>Landsfeld, D. H.<br>Pedreros, J. P. Verdin,<br>J. D. Rowland, B. E.<br>Romero, G. J. Husak, J.<br>C. Michaelsen, an", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "ERA5 Hourly Data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Management** \n\nOCoB continues to undertake a risk assessment of its operations to strengthen the controls and prevent disruptions. This entails developing measures to prevent an incident occurring at the work place. \n\nA  >>> risk register <<<  is maintained and regularly reviewed for relevance, as the conditions of our workplaces are dynamic. Where an incident occurs, the OCoB focuses on the protection of life and has put measures to safeguard life and property. These include; \n\n- \u00a7 Adherence to safety designs in the ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "risk register", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s defined in Figure 1 on page 16 \u2013 when between 25 and 99 individuals are affected. This needs to include at a minimum those aspects as set out in Box 2: \n\n#### **Box 2. Required Elements of an Abbreviated RAP** \n\n- \u21d2 A  >>> census survey of displaced persons <<<  and valuation of assets; \n\n- \u21d2 Description of compensation and other resettlement assistance to be provided; \n\n- \u21d2 Consultations with displaced people about acceptable alternatives; \n\n- \u21d2 Institutional responsibility for implementation and procedures for complaints and appeals; ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "census survey of displaced persons", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**KNOWLEDGE SUMMARY** _UNHCR Kenya & EHAGL RB Economic Advisory Unit January 2023_ \n\n\n\n\n\n<u> >>> Socioeconomic Survey of the Stateless Shona Community <<< </u> \n\n\n\n<u>Kenya Analytical Program on Forced Displacement</u> \n\n\n\n20s, have no education, and are not proficient in Kenya\u2019s official languages. \n\n- \u27a2 Attendance rates, especially at the secondary level, are low in both sites (5% in Kalobeyei and 14% in Kakuma). \n\n#### **Specifi", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socioeconomic Survey of the Stateless Shona Community", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " affected areas to communicate to all those potentially affected persons in the chosen areas. ICTA will hire a resettlement consultant who will support this process. The cut-off date will be the commencement date of the  >>> socio-economic study and census <<<  on the chosen site to identify the potential PAPs on the individual, household, and vulnerable groups\u2019 level. The socio-economic study and the census constitute the first step in the preparation of the RAPs. \n\nThis RPF will culminate in the preparation of Plans as", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "socio-economic study and census", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sent (Table 8). Species with a possible presence are assessed in Step 3 below, but their status needs to be confirmed through future field surveys. \n\n#### **Step 3 - Determination of Critical Habitat Status** \n\nReliable  >>> secondary data <<<  on a species\u2019 population size, extent of occurrence, other relevant information and expert opinion will be used to assess species retained after Step 2. The following six guidelines are used for the interpretation and analysis of critical habitat: \n\n- (i) Recognized areas of hig", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "secondary data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "elope||1,230,366.50|0.00<br>Canceled||2024-11-29|2024-12-04|||2025-01-15||2025-02-14|2025-03-21|2025-09-17||\n|UG-MAAIF-462047-GO-RFB /<br>Supply and test run the  Digit<br>al (electronic) registration, lic<br>ensing and  >>> fisheries data <<<  acq<br>uisition system for evidence-<br>based fisheries stock monitor<", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fisheries data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "communities, vi) formulation and implementation of public consultation and participatory procedures; and vii) establishment of environmental and social management systems and related databases, with linkages to relevant  >>> environmental and social databases <<<  in other institutions and agencies, to enable efficient monitoring, administration and enforcement activity. \n\n**E) Project Coordination and Management.** During project execution MEMD will establish and maintain a Project Coordination Unit (PCU) to coordinate project implementa", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "environmental and social databases", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>primary school teachers|%|na|38.4|49.7|61.0|Annual|EMIS|MOE||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|2. Ratio of health extension<br>workers to population|Ratio|1:4,369|1:2,500|1:2,500|1:2,500|Annual| >>> HMIS <<< |MoH||\n|3._Woreda_road desks with<br>appropriate resources|Number|8|120|155|190|Annual|RSDP<br>Reports|RSDP/PBS||\n|4. Development agents deployed|Number|49,946|55,000|65,000|71,000|Annual|MoA<br>reports|MOA||\n|5.  Average share of capital<br>expenditures as share of total<br>spen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "HMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y (see Aetna, 2004). This is evidence of that fact that insurers are interested in identifying high-quality cost-efficient domestic providers in the US. If foreign hospitals and medical boards were to collect and report  >>> outcomes and cost data <<<  on treatments provided by their physicians, then insurers could rate foreign providers on a similar basis and thereby maintain quality and cost standards for the overseas network as well.\n\n36 The Guardian, May 11, 2004.\n\n25", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "outcomes and cost data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>during the<br>driest season.<br>\u2022<br>Construction<br>activities will<br>only be allowed<br>during day-light<br>hours so as to<br>allow species to<br>cross the<br>alignment|Foot print of<br>tower bases<br>recorded<br> >>> Records of fauna <<< <br>and flora in<br>place|All project<br>sites|While<br>construction<br>is underway<br>at each site|12000|Contractors|EHS Specialists<br>Consultant<br>UETCL|\n\n\n\n331", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Records of fauna", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l consultative forum. These structures have been coordinated at the community level by REA personnel and the current consulting teams that have been contracted to prepare the RAP. \n\n### **Principle 3: Establishment of a  >>> pre-resettlement baseline data <<< ** \n\n**Action:**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "pre-resettlement baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t one is the use of a broad definition of migration for our migration outcome variable, which is driven by limitations in the existing data, as discussed in Section 3. To overcome this constraint, we stress the need for  >>> longitudinal household surveys <<<  to collect more comprehensive migration data. This includes details about the nature and duration of migration episodes, as well as the characteristics, history, and purposes of migrant individuals. Achieving this goal requires equipping household surveys with improved migrant t", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "longitudinal household surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "s and<br>Palestinians pre-registered<br>on the IMPACTplatform|6 months|IMPACT and<br>national<br>surveys by UN<br>(UNCHR and<br>UNRWA) and<br>other<br>available<br>sources|Administrative report<br>and estimation from<br> >>> national surveys <<< |PMU/MoPH|\n\n\n\nPage 45 of 54", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "national surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " in the field:**In<br>charge to pick all data from the district and other stakeholders. Agreed that**Aisha Zawedde**will<br>be responsible.|\n|f|For data collection and analysis, the social team should get information on  >>> Population data <<<  for<br>ruralgrowth centres and town which have to come out clearlyand is required in the inception.|\n|g|Risk Assessment Matrix: Agreed that one of the members from the ESIA team should be in charge|\n|**5**|**Documentation**|\n||**_The following were pointed out:_**|\n|a|The Client", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Population data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Y 2021/22|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|N|--|N|Y|\n|Date|--|--|--|--|\n|**Comments**|A consultancy is underway,|funded from KADP, to sup|port the preparation of plan f|or the GHRIS.|\n\n\n\n\u25baDLI 16 DLR4b: Number of MDAs whose  >>> payroll data <<<  has been uploaded to GHRIS and are up to date. (Outcome, 18,000,000.00, 0%) \n\n||Baseline|Actual (Previous)|Actual (Current)|By end FY 2021/22|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|Value|0.00|--|0.00|20.00|\n|Date|--|--|--|--|\n|**Comments**|No progress expect|ed at this stage.|||\n\n\n\n\u25baDLI 17 DLR", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "payroll data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nformation sessions on employment rights for refugees, labour safeguards, and information on official channels for reporting complaints related to employers. - UNHCR/UNICEF should ensure said information is available on  >>> Digital Blue Dots <<< . \n\n- - All community centres should ensure that said information is available in their centres. \n\n- Provide language programmes with a specific orientation towards employment e.g. useful phrases for interviewing, service jobs. \n\n17", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Digital Blue Dots", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "l\u201d approach. In particular, it would be interesting to investigate the performance of the proposed method for a multidimensional poverty measure constructed from the data available in a typical LSMS survey and a typical  >>> DHS <<<  or MICS survey. This performance can be assessed in contexts where the full multidimensional poverty measure can be constructed, e.g., those considered in Table 6 in Evans et al. (2023). Similarly, it could be interesting to study simple ways of extending the proposed method to ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "DHS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ll provide core data on 32 key performance indicators determined by the MoE as critical to system development. The MoE will continue to update and refine the EMIS system. The M&E Framework will include provision for the  >>> stakeholder surveys <<<  that provide a basis for many of the key results areas, and these will be financed through donor support provided to the M&E component. The program provides for support for capacitybuilding both within the MoE, in the unit responsible for policy and strategic planning, and for t", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "stakeholder surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "hip cards for WEDP clients.  In order to do this, FeMSEDA must do the following without delay:  (i) complete building maintenance of the 45 OSS, including painting, renovation, and furnishing; (ii) install computers and  >>> registration database <<<  in each OSS; (iii) contract ID card vendors for each OSS; (iv) develop clear guidelines for OSS staff, in the form of a WEDP booklet; (v) assign and train three dedicated staff at each OSS to the WEDP program.  In addition to the above urgent tasks, the NPMT should also focus on", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "registration database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " Center for Resilience. \n\n> 3 CSA (Central Statistical Agency). 2013.  >>> Population projection of Ethiopia <<<  for all regions at Woreda level from 2014\u20132017. Addis Ababa. \n\n> 4 Ayele, T., D. Dedecha, and D. Duba. 2020. The impact of climate change on pastoralist livelihoods in Ethiopia: A review. Journal of Resources Development and Management 63: 2020. \n\n> 5 The World Bank (December 20", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Population projection of Ethiopia", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " >>> survey reports <<< |*<br>Political stability and good<br>govemance are maintained<br>*<br>Favorable macro-economic<br>environment exist in country<br>*<br>Good institutional infrastructure<br>at farm level to support uptake of<br>technology<br>*<br>Favorable climate for<br>agricultural production e", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "survey reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ough the regular fisheries field and research institutions. The Commissioner would be responsible for arranging for the use oa the Uganda Freshwater Fisheries Research Organization facilities by the scaff working on the  >>> fish stock assessment survey <<< . \n\nB. Procurement Management and Distribution \n\n5.07 The executive secretary would receive requests and estimates for procurement under the project from MAE and MAIF Implementation Units. Under ARP a number of items in warehouses have been difficult to sell because of incorrect ", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fish stock assessment survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ectorate of<br>Special<br>Education (DSE)|Directorate of<br>Special<br>Education (DSE)|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Collection an**<br> <br>Data<br>Collection<br>Instruments||MoE Reports|Employer<br>Surveys|MoE reports| >>> EMIS <<< |\n|**Data**<br>Frequency<br>and<br>Reports||Annual|Baseline,<br>Mid-term<br>and Yr.6|Yrs 1, 3 and<br>6|Annual|\n|YR6||100% of<br>programs|20%<br>increase in<br>overall<br>satisfaction|Policies<br>implemented|50<br>50|\n|YR5|||||50<br>50|\n|**t Values**<br>YR4|||||50<br>50|\n|**Targe*", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "EMIS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "t transport;<br>ensure secure loading; supervise<br>unloading;<br>use trained workers for handling<br>heavy equipment|transported safely;<br>no damage or<br>accidents; safe<br>handling observed|supervisor<br>reports;<br> >>> delivery logs <<< |and installation|Service<br>Providers;<br>Site<br>Supervisors|\n|**Vehicle**<br>**Parking and**<br>**Temporary**<br>**Storage**<br>**Areas**|Obstruction of<br>roads; safety<br>hazards;<br>unauthorized<br>access|Designate safe parking areas;<br>avoid blocking roads and public<br>a", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "delivery logs", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " primarily from Colombia. \n\n> 13 Referral numbers, i.e. the number of persons whose cases are submitted to resettlement countries by UNHCR, increased by 17 per cent from 2005 to 2006 and comprised 54,183 persons. \n\n> 14  >>> Resettlement statistics <<<  for the United States, Canada and Australia may also include persons resettled for the purpose of family reunification or other humanitarian programmes. \n\n**_8_**", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Resettlement statistics", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": ", in particular, women, children and youth, and people with disabilities. \n\n56. This could include support for: \n\n- expanding service delivery, including by improving or increasing health facilities; \n\n- - strengthening  >>> national health data systems <<< , including disaggregation of key health indicators by refugee status; \n\n- defining a basic package of health services; \n\n- ensuring sufficient healthcare workers are available, and have access to training opportunities where needed; \n\n- facilitating affordable and equitable acce", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "national health data systems", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sion of TA for carrying out: \n\n   - (i) a forest and plantation inventory (implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry under another project); \n\n   - (ii) national fuelwood marketing survey; and \n\n   - (iii)  >>> household energy survey <<<  in the major towns of Uganda. \n\n> 3. Additional studies were financed by ODA, AfDB, CIDA, and by the Second Technical Assistance Credit, Cr. 1434-UG. Cr 1434-UG: An Assessment of management, organization, manpower and training requirements of UEB, and a selective staff developme", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "household energy survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Policy Research Working Paper 9812 The Impact of Corruption on SMEs\u2019 Access to Finance Evidence Using  >>> Firm-Level Survey Data from Developing Countries <<<  _Mohammad Amin Victor Motta_ Development Economics Global Indicators Group October 2021", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Firm-Level Survey Data from Developing Countries", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "............................................... 53**|\n|**Appendix 7: Checklist to Guide Inventory of PAP ............................................................................... 56**|\n|**Appendix 8: Checklist for  >>> Socio-economic baseline survey <<<  .............................................................. 58**|\n|**Appendix 9: Grievance Form .............................", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "Socio-economic baseline survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nes for climate resilient planning have been added to the POM.<br>Update of the IDePS guidelines will be undertaken as part of the harmonization process.||\n\n\n\n|**Action Description**|04. Prepare guid|elines to develop a  >>> local business database <<<  and priv|ate sector engagemen", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "local business database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ttlements impact<br>ry tests done for COVID-19 sus|ge since November 2022 (last<br>iculties associated with collecti<br>overall accuracy or tally of this<br>pected cases in RHDs (Numbe|ISR) because of declining in<br>ng  >>> disaggregated data <<<  on R<br>composite indicator.<br>r, Custom Supplement)|cidence and prevalence of<br>HDs and refugee|\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|95,000.00|49,627.00|49,627.00|420,000.", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>source,<br>water||\n|||geotagged<br>asset|source andavailabilityof||\n|||registerspopulatedfor|ambulances. TheUganda||\n|||<br>allhealthfacilitiesinat<br>least**75%**ofLGs-2021| >>> HealthFacilityAtlasFinal <<< <br>copy<br>is<br>in<br>place<br>and<br>printed||\n|**4.**|Health|Regional<br>supervisory<br>structures<br>established<br>andcentralgovernment<br>positions<br>(incl.<br>RBF,<br>technical<br>supervision<br>and<br>mentorship<br>**by**<br>RRHs,<br>ensure|Regional<br>Supervisory<br>St", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "HealthFacilityAtlasFinal", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ect will be assessed by MoCT and WB and any improvement necessary for the successful rehabilitation of the dislocated persons will be carried out within year three and year four of the project period. \n\n13. At year five  >>> post-occupancy surveys <<<  will be done to determine the success of the resettlement project and to redress problems created as a result of the relocation. \n\nIt should be noted here that mention of Lalibela and its project implementation office (LSTD-PIO) is for the purpose of grounding the procedure; oth", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "post-occupancy surveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Jun-2009|31-Oct-2013|31-Dec-2014|\n||Breakdown|Comments||||\n|Public investment in the agricultural sector|Percentage|Value|0.00|20.00|25.00|\n|(increase)||Date|11-Jun-2009|30-Jun-2013|31-Dec-2014|\n|||Comments|Pls. provide  >>> baseline data <<< <br>(present public investemnt in<br>agr sector) as a starting point<br>if possible|||\n|Participating men and women smallholders|Percentage|Value|51.00|70.00|80.00|\n|farmers who are satisfied with extension,<br>ii i||Date|11-Jun-2009|31-Oct-2013|31-Dec-2014|\n|empowerment and agrb", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "baseline data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*Expenditures**<br>**to be**<br>**Financed**<br>**(inclusive of**<br>**Taxes)**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n||DLR 5.5 (Year 5-6):<br>NEMA in consultations<br>with MoGLSD and other<br>lead agencies will review at<br>least 85%  >>> ESA reports <<<  and<br>make a decision within the<br>statutory time.||250,000||\n|(6)<br>DLI<br>6:<br>Percentage<br>of<br>medium<br>and<br>high-value<br>contracts<br>in<br>selected<br>programmes<br>that<br>are<br>", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "ESA reports", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Children of basic education age out of school*|Number (millions)|14.0|7.0|\n|Lower-secondaryschool enrolment ofgirls|Number (millions)|5.0|7.8|\n|Joint research studies on learning poverty shared|Number|0|15|\n\n\n\n_Note:_ *  >>> World Bank Group Corporate Scorecard Indicator <<< . \n\n**TABLE 2: UPDATED MPA PROGRAM FRAMEWORK** \n\n|**Phase**|**Operation ID**|**Project/Program Development Objective**|**Estimated**<br>**IBRD**<br>**Amount**<br>**(US$ mill.)**|**Estimated**<br>**IDA**<br>**Amount**<br>**(US$**<br>**mill.)**|**Estimated**<br>**Other**<br>**Amoun", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "World Bank Group Corporate Scorecard Indicator", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "Date|30-Jun-2016|30-Jan-2020|01-Oct-2020|30-Jun-2022|\n|Comments|Refer to DLR3c for in|formation on progress.|||\n\n\n\n|PDO Indicator 4: Consolidated Staff Data<br>~~IN00901086~~|||\n|---|---|---|\n|\u25baMDAs whose  >>> payroll data <<<  has been uploaded to G|HRIS and are up to date (Number, Custom)||\n|Baseline|Actual(Previous)<br>Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value<br>0.00|0.00<br>0.00|20.00|\n\n\n\n11/5/2020 \n\nPage 7 of 20", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "payroll data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " exists. To date, research into the practical applications of spatial extrapolation has been limited.\n\n# **_Evaluating the Model_**\n\nOne major liability of machine-learning models is a phenomenon known as \u201coverfitting.\u201d  >>> Training data <<<  always reflect both meaningful \u201csignal\u201d and random \u201cnoise.\u201d Overfitting occurs when the model being fit has so many free parameters that it fits to both the signal and the noise. In such a case, the model will appear to be an excellent fit for the input data, with high R<sup>2</", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Training data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "mbination, increase the connectivity between protected areas, forest land,<br>rangeland, and agriculture land.|\n|---|---|\n|Frequency|Quarterly|\n|Data source|Quarterly progress report|\n|Methodology for Data<br>Collection| >>> Consolidated information flow from Woredas/GEMS <<< |\n|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection|PCU|\n|Indicator Name<sup>**REVISED**</sup>|**Physical conservation measures (hectares) (Hectare(Ha))**|\n|Description|Hectares of land covered under physical soil and water conservation measures such as hill side terraces (stone bunds and s", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "named", "split": "holdout", "mention": "Consolidated information flow from Woredas/GEMS", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>nvelope|1,230,366.50|0.00<br>Canceled|2024-11-29|2024-12-04|2025-01-15|2025-02-14|2025-03-21|2025-09-17|\n|UG-MAAIF-462047-GO-RFB /<br>Supply and test run the  Digit<br>al (electronic) registration, lic<br>ensing and  >>> fisheries data <<<  acq<br>uisition system for evidence-<br>based fisheries stock monitor<br>ingand evaluation.<br>IDA / 72610|Promoting Adoption of Clima<br>te Smart Agriculture Technol<br>ogies and Practices<br>Post|Request for Bids<br>|Open - National", "tier": "tier3_nonmention", "spec": "descriptive", "split": "holdout", "mention": "fisheries data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "| >>> KenyaIntegratedHouseholdBudget Survey <<< |\n|KMIS|-|Kenya MalariaIndicatorSurvey|\n|**KNBS**|**-**|<br>KenyaNationalBureauofStatistics|\n|KPHC|**-**|KenyaPopulationand HousingCensus,**2019**|\n|**MICS**|**-**|MultipleIndicatorClusterSurvey|\n|NIPFN|**-**|NationalInformationPlatformforFoodandNutrition|\n|**NSS**|**-**|National", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "KenyaIntegratedHouseholdBudget Survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br>support.<br>IN01171051<br>\u25baPercentage of facilities that had over 95% availability|r this indicator is from the natio<br>, Mbale, Masaka, Mbarara, Na<br>IU is working with the Uganda<br>of a basket of 41 commodities| >>> nal database <<<  and covers a<br>kasero and UBTS", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "nal database", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "sup>Account as at</sup><sup>**30.06.2025**perBankStatement</sup><br>4(copy<sup>attached)</sup><sup>**-** Bank ofUganda</sup><br>**6**<br>Plus amounts<sup>claimedinpreviousapplicationsnotyetCreditedatdateof</sup>|\n||**5** >>> BankStatements <<< <br> <br>|\n|**6(A)**<br>6(B)|Pluscumulative<sup>Expenditureasat</sup><sup>**30.06.2025**</sup><br>**7**<br>**3,13,271.81**<br>Exchangerate<sup>loss</sup><br>1457.0<br>**7EQUALS**TOTAL<sup>**ADVANCE ACCOUNTED**FOR</sup><br>3,814,728.85<br>**8", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "BankStatements", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "KShs|\n|**2019**HousingandPopulation|||\n|Census|**9,228,837,684**|**1,805,207,409**|\n|PrefeasibilityExpenses|**478,974,503**|432,151,311|\n|KCHBSurvey|**177,528,413**|84,915,554|\n|**COVID- 19**Survey|**27,422,056**||\n| >>> KIBHSSurvey <<< |**-**|**5,859,321**|\n|NationalStrategyforDvptof|||\n|Statistics|12,254,457|9,411,928|\n|SystemSupportandData|||\n|Dissemination|**103,788,285**|**106,035,453**|\n|StatisticsSwedeninterns|**2,301,948**|2,159,400|\n|**NIPFN- EU**Project|**52,266,925**||\n|**UNFPA**Expenses|4,320|4,260|\n", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "KIBHSSurvey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "ofcertificates<br>underhisnamethatarisefromshortcourses,workshops<br>andseminarsattendedbothlocallyandinternationally.Some<br>ofthemareoncensuses, >>> postcensusenumerationsurveys <<< ,<br>Statistical<br>Designs<br>and<br>Development,<br>Sampling<br>and<br>weightingofdata,Strategic<br>Leadership<br>Development<br>Programme,<br>Risk<br>Management,<br>Quality<br>Management<br>System,among manyothers|\n\n\n\n12", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "postcensusenumerationsurveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "y have adopted new forms of<br>religious worship, have deep attachmenttothe traditional worship<br>and the shrines are crucialintheir ways of life.|All the affected graves/burial sites have been identified during the<br> >>> RAPcensus survey <<<  conductedinMarch-April 2014.<br>During the<br>dissemination of information about this project and as part of<br>obtaining broad community support, the Duruma community", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "RAPcensus survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nd aluminium alloys|6841|30042|.<br>0.4|.<br>79.6|.<br>0.4|.<br>0.0|.||\n|Polyvinyl chloride|5834|29616|0.4|1.0|0.2|0.0|0.0||\n|Tulle lace embroider ribbons|6560|29494|04|15|17|10|21||\n|, , y,<br>_Source_: Calculated usin  >>> UN COMTRADE Databas <<< |||.|.|.|.|.||\n|g<br>_Notes_: A value of 0.0 represents less than US$100 in|**Sri La**<br> <br>exports;|**nka**<br>blanks repre|sent zero e|xports.|||||\n\n||**Sri L**<br>|**anka**<br>|<br>||\n|---|---|---|---|---|\n|**Product Description**|**SITC**|**Total**<br>**~~I~~**|**Share of*", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "UN COMTRADE Databas", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "<br> >>> HouseholdBudgetSurveys <<< .|\n|---|---|\n|MryMcdoal<br>G.o.<br>**Mr MacdonaldG.0.**<br>**Obudho**<br>**Dir.,Population& **<br>**SocialStatistics**|MacdonaldGeorgeObudhohasworkedinKenyaNational<br>BureauofStatisticssince**1995**todate.HeholdsaBachelor<br>ofSciencedegreeinMathematicsandComputerScience<br>(Sec", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "HouseholdBudgetSurveys", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "created assets (male/fe|male) (Percentage, Custom)|\n||Baseline|Actual(Previous)|Actual(Current)|End Target|\n|Value|20.00|61.65|61.65|50.00|\n|Date|01-Jul-2015|31-Dec-2019|20-Dec-2021|31-Dec-2021|\n||Source: IFPRI PSNP 4 M| >>> idline Survey 2018 <<< |||\n|Comments**:**|Proxy Indicator  used: %<br>The endline to assess th<br>to the COVID-19 crisis, t|clients reporting the PW p<br>is indicator was scheduled<br>he endline data collection|roject was productive for th<br>to take place between Mar<br>has been suspended until M|e co", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "idline Survey 2018", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "75.00|\n|Date|04-Jan-2019|30-Sep-2021|30-Sep-2021|30-Jun-2024|\n|Comments**:**|The indicator measu<br>use of the water res<br>management of wat|res accessibility and use of th<br> >>> ource data <<<  (meteorology, hydr<br>er supply systems delivered un|e water resources monitorin<br>ology and groundwater) to i<br>der the Project.|g system. It measures the<br>nform design and|\n\n\n\n**Intermediate Results Indicators by Components** \n\nRural and Pastoral Water Supply, Sanitation, ", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "ource data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "d costs. Apart from those projects Implemented during the oil crisis, the level of cost overruns appears to have been reduced In the 19709 and 1980s compared with those In the 19508 and 1960s. Available cost data in the  >>> OED surey <<<  (whlch Is given for each project component, not for the project as a whole) Indicates an average cost overrun of 13% compared to a negilgible overrun for projects approved for the decade from 1974. A significant part of these cost overruns were for power projects In Mexico which", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "OED surey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "e<br> at yearly frequency), as opposed to current GDP, indicated as \"<br>rom advanced and 2 factors from emerging countries are used. <br>of freedom are excluded. Values in the frst row correspond to<br>17c). When using  >>> disaggregated fow data <<< , the column \"All ty<br>17c), the average the adjusted_R_2over FDI, portfolio equity, portf<br>(portfolio debt plus portfolio equity).|\n|Factors<br>CCR<br>PC<br>PC<br>PC<br>PC<br>CCR<br>PC", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "disaggregated fow data", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "*youth,EmbakasiSokoni</sup><sup>**_57_**youthandKahawaSowetohad</sup><sup>**89**youth).</sup> DPW employs the use of<sup>specialized equipmentandopen-source softwaretodevelopdigitalmaps from</sup> publicly available<sup> >>> satelliteimages <<< . Thesedigitalmapsgivelifetotheimages</sup><sup>**by**providingdetailsof</sup> geographical locations<sup>andthephysicalfeatures inthelocation.The dataisvaluableinputin economic</sup> planning and is expected<sup>toguideinfrastructureupgrading activitiesof subcomponent1.2.Specifi", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "holdout", "mention": "satelliteimages", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " \n\n\n\n|People with enhanced|0||5,811,000||5,780,623||5,000,000||\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n|resilience to climate<br>risks \u2013 Female (Number<br>ofpeople)CRI|Comments on<br>achieving  targ|<br>ets|Female num<br> >>> data from Le <<< |ber presumed to<br>verhulme Trust)|be proportiona|te to the overall d|igital gender di|vide (using|\n|Number of telecom service|0.00|Oct/2019|4,462|30-Sep-2025|4,462|30-Sep-2025|3.00|Jun/2027|\n|licenses awarded by ECA,<br>including class licenses<br>(Number)|Comments on<br>achiev", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "data from Le", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": " population<br>y of the denomin<br>17. However, the<br>indicators need|projections are based<br>ator in the Gross Enro<br>Censs was postpone<br>to be considered once|on the  >>> Census dat <<< <br>llment Rate (GER). I<br>d several times due<br>the Census data be|a back to 2007 ra<br>t was expected t<br>to the conflict sit<br>comes available|ising questions<br>hat the Census will<br>uation.<br>.|\n\n\n\nPage 8", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Census dat", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "_ErDNOMTC,_ r0TTPI' >>> EZI DATA <<<  AsNqe21 (Ajsounta In millions<sup>ofU.,S.dol11ars)</sup> \n\n|1.<br>NATIOVAL<br>ACCOLM75<br>|Actua<br>964 1/19<br> <br>|l1<br>72L/<sup>197</sup><br>~<br> <br>|-?PreIr.-<br>Projected<br>1964-<br>_1973-_<br>197A-<br>_1_<br><sup>32/</sup><br>1974<br>1975<br>193901972<br>1974<br>1975<", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "EZI DATA", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "and_ 0 6,5 _Waterbodi es : World_ ARC 1960 - UTM 36N _Resssourc es Institute_ **January 2016** \n\n0 6,5 13 km \n\n###### **Map 5** \n\n_- Railroads 131_25275_00_ESM5_011_PhysiEnviro_160121.mxd : DIVA-GIS and digitalized from  >>> National Geographi c World Map_ <<<  \n\n_- Ro ads and River s : Digit alize d from Natio nal Geo grap hic Worl d Map_ \n\n_- Projected Electric Line: SMEC, Feasibility Study for Lira-GuluNebbiArua 132 kV Transmis sion Projects - Line Route Selection Report Final_", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "National Geographi c World Map_", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "032|8,210<br>|8,717<br>|\n|<br>Kisauni<br>1|<br>26<br>|,<br>217|,<br>1414|,<br>1547|2,157<br>|2,291<br>|\n|<br>Total<br>2|<br> <br>82<br>|.<br>637<br>1|,<br>1902|,<br>2082|1,643<br>|1,744<br>|\n|<br>Source:1989 po|<br> <br> >>> pulationcensus <<< ,|,<br> <br>Vol1|,|,|12,210|2,347|\n\n\n\nIn 1989, Kisauni had the largest population followed by Island and Changamwe while Likoni had the least. Both the 1999 Population and Housing Census (Vols 1 & 2) and the Mombasa District Development Plan do not show the population figures up ", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "pulationcensus", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table A.21:** Alignment with Citizens\u2019 Preferences, by Social Distance to Village Government\n\n|||**Bureauc**|** >>> rat survey <<< **||**Villag**|**e head survey**|**Citize**|**n survey**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**Offcials/**|**citizens agree on:**|**Complain**|**ts received about:**|**Village he**|**ad takes action on:**|**Citizen**|**Perceptions**|\n|**Village Services:**|Priority|Worst-qua", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "rat survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "0 n<br>o. Maternity registers, 350 no<br>. ANC registers, 350 no. Fami<br>ly Planning registers, 350 no.<br>Immunization registers, 350<br>no. CWC registers, 200 no. P<br>NC registers, 100 no. PAC reg<br>isters,5000 no.  >>> Maternityfile <<< <br>IDA / 58360|Improving Primary Health C<br>re Results|a<br>Post|Request for Quota<br>tions<br>Limited|Single Stage - One E<br>nvelope|41,600.00|36,600.60<br>Completed|2021-02-12<br>2021-04-01|2021-03-03<br>2021-04-|19<br>2021-06-11<br>2021-06-10|\n|KE-MAKUENI COUNTY-21035<br>0-", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "Maternityfile", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "in the context of intervention projects (es EPI evaluation, case-control studies of diarrhoeal disease control measures etc.).\n\n# 2. INVESTIGATION OF PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH\n\n# 2.1 Existing health ipXz ation  >>> svstcms <<<  in developing countries\n\nThe first objective of the proposed WHS is to 'improve knowledge of patterns and determinants of health, disease and mortality in developing countries.' Developing countries are well aware of their lack of appropriate quantitative measures for planning, ", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "svstcms", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table A.9:** Robustness Checks on Nepotism (Table 4)\n\n||**Village head survey**|**Bureau**|** >>> crat survey <<< **|\n|---|---|---|---|\n||Employs relative|Parent was leader|Parent served ingovt|\n||(1)|(2)|(3)|\n|1. Baseline|-0.385<sup>_\u2217\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.178)|-0.066<br>(0.051)|-0.168<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.082)|\n|2. No controls|-0.191<br>(0.179)|-0.040<br>(0.046)|-0.165<sup>_\u2217\u2217_</sup><br>(0.084)|", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "crat survey", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "nt banks, the IMF, and the Bank for Intemational Settlements. \n\nd. Includes present value of guarantee \n\ne Includes equity and quasi-equity type: of both loan and equity instruments. \n\nSource: Government of Ethiopia and  >>> staf f estimates <<< .", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "staf f estimates", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "\u062a\u0634\u0631\u062d  \u0628\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0635\u0644\"\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\" \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062c\u064a \u0642 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u064b. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u060c\u0627\u0651\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a) \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627 \u060c\u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0625\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0651\u0645\u0643\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u062a(  >>> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639PFS\u0627\u0644 <<<  \u0628\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 .\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \n\n51 \u0651\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0644  \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 **\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628:\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629** . \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a \u060c\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639PFS\u0627\u0644", "confidence": "clean"}
{"text": "**Table A.21:** Alignment with Citizens\u2019 Preferences, by Social Distance to Village Government\n\n|||**Bureauc**|**rat survey**||**Villag**|** >>> e head survey <<< **|**Citize**|**n survey**|\n|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n||**Offcials/**|**citizens agree on:**|**Complain**|**ts received about:**|**Village he**|**ad takes action on:**|**Citizen**|**Perceptions**|\n|**Village Services:**|Priority|Worst-quality|Priority|Worst-quality|Pr", "tier": "junk", "spec": null, "split": "val", "mention": "e head survey", "confidence": "clean"}