import Mathlib import OAI.Algebra.GroupRing.HomotopyFunctor namespace OAI noncomputable section open Set Metric Topology BigOperators open Set Metric Topology namespace GroupRingTopology.Cellular universe u variable {X Y : Type u} [TopologicalSpace X] [TopologicalSpace Y] [Nonempty X] variable {C : Set X} [CWComplex C] {f : X → Y} (hf : IsClosedEmbedding f) def transportedMap (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) : PartialEquiv (Fin n → ℝ) Y := (RelCWComplex.map n i).trans (hf.isEmbedding.toPartialHomeomorph f).toPartialEquiv @[simp] lemma transportedMap_apply (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) (x : Fin n → ℝ) : transportedMap hf n i x = f (RelCWComplex.map n i x) := rfl lemma transportedMap_source (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) : (transportedMap hf n i).source = ball 0 1 := by simp only [transportedMap,PartialEquiv.trans_source, IsEmbedding.toPartialHomeomorph_source,Set.preimage_univ,Set.inter_univ, RelCWComplex.source_eq] lemma transportedMap_image (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) (S : Set (Fin n → ℝ)) : transportedMap hf n i '' S = f '' (RelCWComplex.map n i '' S) := Set.image_comp f (RelCWComplex.map n i) S lemma transportedMap_continuousOn (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) : ContinuousOn (transportedMap hf n i) (closedBall 0 1) := hf.continuous.comp_continuousOn (RelCWComplex.continuousOn n i) lemma transportedMap_continuousOn_symm (n : ℕ) (i : RelCWComplex.cell C n) : ContinuousOn (transportedMap hf n i).symm (transportedMap hf n i).target := by let e := hf.isEmbedding.toPartialHomeomorph f change ContinuousOn (fun y => (RelCWComplex.map n i).symm (e.symm y)) (e.target ∩ e.symm ⁻¹' (RelCWComplex.map n i).target) exact (RelCWComplex.continuousOn_symm n i).comp (e.continuousOn_symm.mono Set.inter_subset_left) (fun _ h => h.2) variable [T2Space X] /-- Closed embeddings transport classical CW structures, including their weak topology, with precisely the same cells. -/ @[instance_reducible] def transportCW : CWComplex (f '' C) where cell := RelCWComplex.cell C map := transportedMap hf source_eq := transportedMap_source hf continuousOn := transportedMap_continuousOn hf continuousOn_symm := transportedMap_continuousOn_symm hf pairwiseDisjoint' := by intro p _ q _ hpq change Disjoint (transportedMap hf p.1 p.2 '' ball 0 1) (transportedMap hf q.1 q.2 '' ball 0 1) rw [transportedMap_image,transportedMap_image] exact (CWComplex.disjoint_openCell_of_ne hpq).image hf.injective.injOn (Set.subset_univ _) (Set.subset_univ _) mapsTo' := by intro n i obtain ⟨I,hI⟩ := CWComplex.cellFrontier_subset_finite_closedCell n i refine ⟨I,?_⟩ intro x hx have h := hI (show RelCWComplex.map n i x ∈ CWComplex.cellFrontier n i from ⟨x,hx,rfl⟩) simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at h obtain ⟨m,hm,j,hj,hx⟩ := h refine Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨m,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨hm,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨j,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨hj,?_⟩⟩⟩⟩ rw [transportedMap_image] exact ⟨_,hx,rfl⟩ closed' := by intro A hA hclosed have hpre : IsClosed (f ⁻¹' A) := by apply (CWComplex.closed C (f ⁻¹' A) ?_).mpr · intro n i have h := (hclosed n i).preimage hf.continuous rw [transportedMap_image,Set.preimage_inter, Set.preimage_image_eq _ hf.injective] at h exact h · intro x hx obtain ⟨y,hy,hyx⟩ := hA hx exact hf.injective hyx ▸ hy have h := hf.isClosedMap _ hpre rwa [Set.image_preimage_eq_of_subset (hA.trans (Set.image_subset_range f C))] at h union' := by simp only [transportedMap_image,← Set.image_iUnion] change f '' (⋃ n, ⋃ i, CWComplex.closedCell n i) = f '' C rw [CWComplex.union] end GroupRingTopology.Cellular open Set Metric Topology namespace GroupRingTopology.Attachment section open Set Metric Topology universe z variable {X : Type z} [TopologicalSpace X] [T2Space X] [Nonempty X] variable [CWComplex (Set.univ : Set X)] {ι : Type z} {n : ℕ} variable (a : ι → C(Sphere n,X)) abbrev OldCell (m : ℕ) := RelCWComplex.cell (Set.univ : Set X) m omit [Nonempty X] in lemma attaching_finite_frontier (hdim : ∀ m (_ : OldCell (X := X) m), m < n) (i : ι) : ∃ I : ∀ m, Finset (OldCell (X := X) m), ∀ x, a i x ∈ ⋃ m < n, ⋃ j ∈ I m, CWComplex.closedCell m j := by classical let S := {p : Σ m, OldCell (X := X) m | (Set.range (a i) ∩ CWComplex.openCell p.1 p.2).Nonempty} have hS : S.Finite := Cellular.compact_finitely_many_cells (C := (Set.univ : Set X)) (isCompact_range (a i).continuous) have hSm (m : ℕ) : ((Sigma.mk m) ⁻¹' S).Finite := hS.preimage (Set.injOn_of_injective (fun _ _ h => eq_of_heq (Sigma.mk.inj_iff.mp h).2)) refine ⟨fun m => (hSm m).toFinset,?_⟩ intro x have hx : a i x ∈ (Set.univ : Set X) := Set.mem_univ _ rw [← CWComplex.iUnion_openCell_eq_complex (C := (Set.univ : Set X))] at hx simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hx obtain ⟨m,j,hx⟩ := hx exact Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨m,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨hdim m j,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨j,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨(hSm m).mem_toFinset.mpr ⟨a i x,⟨x,rfl⟩,hx⟩, CWComplex.openCell_subset_closedCell m j hx⟩⟩⟩⟩ abbrev LayerCell (m : ℕ) := OldCell (X := X) m ⊕ CellIndex.{z,z} m n ι def layerMap (m : ℕ) : LayerCell (X := X) (ι := ι) (n := n) m → PartialEquiv (Fin m → ℝ) (Space a) | Sum.inl i => Cellular.transportedMap (C := Set.univ) (base_closedEmbedding a) m i | Sum.inr i => cellMap a m i omit [T2Space X] in lemma layerMap_old_apply (m : ℕ) (i : OldCell (X := X) m) (x : Fin m → ℝ) : layerMap a m (Sum.inl i) x = base a (RelCWComplex.map m i x) := rfl omit [T2Space X] in lemma layerMap_old_image (m : ℕ) (i : OldCell (X := X) m) (S : Set (Fin m → ℝ)) : layerMap a m (Sum.inl i) '' S = base a '' (RelCWComplex.map m i '' S) := Cellular.transportedMap_image (base_closedEmbedding a) m i S omit [T2Space X] in lemma layerMap_new (i : ι) : layerMap a n (Sum.inr ⟨⟨⟨rfl⟩,i⟩⟩) = characteristicPE a i := rfl @[instance_reducible] def layerCW (hdim : ∀ m (_ : OldCell (X := X) m), m < n) : CWComplex (Set.univ : Set (Space a)) where cell := LayerCell (X := X) (ι := ι) (n := n) map := layerMap a source_eq := by intro m i cases i with | inl i => exact Cellular.transportedMap_source (base_closedEmbedding a) m i | inr i => exact (relCWComplex a).source_eq m i continuousOn := by intro m i cases i with | inl i => exact Cellular.transportedMap_continuousOn (base_closedEmbedding a) m i | inr i => exact (relCWComplex a).continuousOn m i continuousOn_symm := by intro m i cases i with | inl i => exact Cellular.transportedMap_continuousOn_symm (base_closedEmbedding a) m i | inr i => exact (relCWComplex a).continuousOn_symm m i pairwiseDisjoint' := by rintro ⟨m,i⟩ _ ⟨k,j⟩ _ hne change Disjoint (layerMap a m i '' ball 0 1) (layerMap a k j '' ball 0 1) cases i with | inl i => cases j with | inl j => rw [layerMap_old_image,layerMap_old_image] apply (CWComplex.disjoint_openCell_of_ne ?_).image (base_closedEmbedding a).injective.injOn (Set.subset_univ _) (Set.subset_univ _) intro h cases h exact hne rfl | inr j => obtain ⟨⟨⟨hk⟩,j⟩⟩ := j subst k rw [layerMap_old_image,layerMap_new,characteristicPE_image_ball] apply Set.disjoint_left.mpr rintro z ⟨x,_,rfl⟩ ⟨y,h⟩ cases h | inr i => obtain ⟨⟨⟨hm⟩,i⟩⟩ := i subst m cases j with | inl j => rw [layerMap_new,characteristicPE_image_ball,layerMap_old_image] apply Set.disjoint_left.mpr rintro z ⟨x,rfl⟩ ⟨y,_,h⟩ cases h | inr j => obtain ⟨⟨⟨hk⟩,j⟩⟩ := j subst k rw [layerMap_new,layerMap_new,characteristicPE_image_ball,characteristicPE_image_ball] apply Set.disjoint_left.mpr rintro z ⟨x,rfl⟩ ⟨y,h⟩ have hij : j = i := congrArg Sigma.fst (Sum.inr_injective h) subst j exact hne rfl mapsTo' := by classical intro m c cases c with | inl i => obtain ⟨I,hI⟩ := CWComplex.cellFrontier_subset_finite_closedCell m i refine ⟨fun k => (I k).image Sum.inl,?_⟩ intro x hx have hh := hI (show RelCWComplex.map m i x ∈ CWComplex.cellFrontier m i from ⟨x,hx,rfl⟩) simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hh obtain ⟨k,hkm,j,hj,hx⟩ := hh refine Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨k,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨hkm,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Sum.inl j,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Finset.mem_image.mpr ⟨j,hj,rfl⟩,?_⟩⟩⟩⟩ rw [layerMap_old_image] exact ⟨_,hx,rfl⟩ | inr i => obtain ⟨⟨⟨hm⟩,i⟩⟩ := i subst m obtain ⟨I,hI⟩ := attaching_finite_frontier a hdim i refine ⟨fun k => (I k).image Sum.inl,?_⟩ intro x hx have hh := hI ⟨x,hx⟩ simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hh obtain ⟨k,hkn,j,hj,hx'⟩ := hh refine Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨k,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨hkn,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Sum.inl j,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Finset.mem_image.mpr ⟨j,hj,rfl⟩,?_⟩⟩⟩⟩ rw [layerMap_old_image] refine ⟨a i ⟨x,hx⟩,hx',?_⟩ change base a (a i ⟨x,hx⟩) = characteristic a i x exact (cell_boundary a i ⟨x,hx⟩).symm.trans (characteristic_disk a i (boundary n ⟨x,hx⟩)).symm closed' := by intro A _ hA apply (isClosed_iff a A).mpr constructor · apply (CWComplex.closed Set.univ (base a ⁻¹' A) (Set.subset_univ _)).mpr intro m i have h := (hA m (Sum.inl i)).preimage (continuous_base a) rw [layerMap_old_image,Set.preimage_inter, Set.preimage_image_eq _ (base_closedEmbedding a).injective] at h exact h · intro i have h := (hA n (Sum.inr ⟨⟨⟨rfl⟩,i⟩⟩)).preimage (cell a i).continuous rw [layerMap_new,characteristicPE_image_closedBall,Set.preimage_inter] at h simpa only [Set.preimage_range,Set.inter_univ] using h union' := by apply Set.eq_univ_of_forall intro z cases z with | inl x => have hx : x ∈ (Set.univ : Set X) := Set.mem_univ _ rw [← CWComplex.union (C := (Set.univ : Set X))] at hx simp only [Set.mem_iUnion] at hx obtain ⟨m,i,hx⟩ := hx refine Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨m,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Sum.inl i,?_⟩⟩ rw [layerMap_old_image] exact ⟨x,hx,rfl⟩ | inr p => refine Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨n,Set.mem_iUnion.mpr ⟨Sum.inr ⟨⟨⟨rfl⟩,p.1⟩⟩,?_⟩⟩ rw [layerMap_new,characteristicPE_image_closedBall] exact ⟨interior n p.2,cell_interior a p.1 p.2⟩ lemma layerCW_dimensions (hdim : ∀ m (_ : OldCell (X := X) m), m < n) (m : ℕ) (i : (layerCW a hdim).cell m) : m < n+1 := by cases i with | inl i => exact (hdim m i).trans (Nat.lt_succ_self n) | inr i => obtain ⟨⟨⟨hm⟩,i⟩⟩ := i subst m exact Nat.lt_succ_self n lemma layerCW_finite_cells [Finite ι] (hfin : ∀ m, Finite (OldCell (X := X) m)) (hdim : ∀ m (_ : OldCell (X := X) m), m < n) (m : ℕ) : Finite ((layerCW a hdim).cell m) := by let := hfin m change Finite (LayerCell (X := X) (ι := ι) (n := n) m) infer_instance end section open Set Metric Topology universe u v w z variable {X : Type u} [TopologicalSpace X] {ι : Type v} {n : ℕ} variable (a : ι → C(Sphere n,X)) variable {G : Type w} [Group G] [MulAction G X] [MulAction G ι] instance spaceMulAction : MulAction G (Space a) where smul g := Sum.elim (fun x => Sum.inl (g • x)) (fun p => Sum.inr ⟨g • p.1,p.2⟩) one_smul := by intro x cases x with | inl x => change Sum.inl ((1 : G) • x) = Sum.inl x; rw [one_smul] | inr p => change Sum.inr ⟨(1 : G) • p.1,p.2⟩ = Sum.inr p; rw [one_smul] mul_smul := by intro g h x cases x with | inl x => change Sum.inl ((g * h) • x) = Sum.inl (g • h • x); rw [mul_smul] | inr p => change (Sum.inr ⟨(g * h) • p.1,p.2⟩ : Space a) = Sum.inr ⟨g • h • p.1,p.2⟩; rw [mul_smul] @[simp] lemma smul_base (g : G) (x : X) : g • base a x = base a (g • x) := rfl @[simp] lemma smul_openCell (g : G) (i : ι) (x : OpenDisk n) : g • openCell a i x = openCell a (g • i) x := rfl variable (ha : ∀ (g : G) i x, a (g • i) x = g • a i x) include ha lemma smul_cell (g : G) (i : ι) (d : Disk n) : g • cell a i d = cell a (g • i) d := by classical by_cases hd : d.1 ∈ ball (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1 · have heq : d = interior n ⟨d.1,hd⟩ := rfl rw [heq,cell_interior,cell_interior] rfl · let x : Sphere n := ⟨d.1,by have hm := d.2 simp only [mem_closedBall,mem_ball,mem_sphere] at * exact le_antisymm hm (le_of_not_gt hd)⟩ have heq : d = boundary n x := rfl rw [heq,cell_boundary,cell_boundary,smul_base,ha] lemma continuousConstSMul [ContinuousConstSMul G X] : ContinuousConstSMul G (Space a) where continuous_const_smul g := (continuous_iff a _).mpr ⟨ (continuous_base a).comp (continuous_const_smul g),fun i => by have heq : (g • ·) ∘ cell a i = cell a (g • i) := funext (smul_cell a ha g i) rw [heq] exact (cell a (g • i)).continuous⟩ omit ha in lemma isOpen_iff (S : Set (Space a)) : IsOpen S ↔ IsOpen (base a ⁻¹' S) ∧ ∀ i, IsOpen (cell a i ⁻¹' S) := by change @IsOpen _ (TopologicalSpace.coinduced (quotient a) inferInstance) S ↔ _ rw [isOpen_coinduced,isOpen_sum_iff,isOpen_sigma_iff] rfl end open Set Metric Topology universe u v w abbrev Collar (n : ℕ) := {d : Disk n | (1 / 2 : ℝ) < ‖d.1‖} def collarInclusion (n : ℕ) : Collar n → Disk n := Subtype.val def radial (n : ℕ) : Collar n → Sphere n := fun d => ⟨‖d.1.1‖⁻¹ • d.1.1,by have hn : ‖d.1.1‖ ≠ 0 := ne_of_gt (lt_trans (by norm_num) d.2) rw [mem_sphere,dist_zero_right,norm_smul,Real.norm_eq_abs,abs_inv,abs_norm, inv_mul_cancel₀ hn]⟩ lemma continuous_radial (n : ℕ) : Continuous (radial n) := by apply Continuous.subtype_mk have hn : ∀ d : Collar n, ‖d.1.1‖ ≠ 0 := fun d => ne_of_gt (lt_trans (by norm_num) d.2) exact ((continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_subtype_val).norm.inv₀ hn).smul (continuous_subtype_val.comp continuous_subtype_val) lemma collar_openEmbedding (n : ℕ) : IsOpenEmbedding (collarInclusion n) := (isOpen_lt continuous_const continuous_subtype_val.norm).isOpenEmbedding_subtypeVal lemma radial_boundary (n : ℕ) (x : Sphere n) (h : (1/2:ℝ) < ‖(boundary n x).1‖) : radial n ⟨boundary n x,h⟩ = x := by apply Subtype.ext have hx : ‖x.1‖ = 1 := by simpa only [mem_sphere,dist_zero_right] using x.2 simp only [radial,boundary,hx,inv_one,one_smul] variable {X : Type u} [TopologicalSpace X] {ι : Type v} {n : ℕ} variable (a : ι → C(Sphere n,X)) /-- An open old-space neighborhood thickened by the outer half of each disk. Membership is tested by radial retraction of the disk to its attaching sphere. -/ def thickening (U : Set X) : Set (Space a) := fun z => match z with | Sum.inl x => x ∈ U | Sum.inr p => ∃ h : (1/2:ℝ) < ‖p.2.1‖, a p.1 (radial n ⟨interior n p.2,h⟩) ∈ U @[simp] lemma base_mem_thickening (U : Set X) (x : X) : base a x ∈ thickening a U ↔ x ∈ U := Iff.rfl lemma cell_preimage_thickening (U : Set X) (i : ι) : cell a i ⁻¹' thickening a U = collarInclusion n '' ((a i ∘ radial n) ⁻¹' U) := by classical ext d by_cases hd : d.1 ∈ ball (0 : Fin n → ℝ) 1 · have heq : d = interior n ⟨d.1,hd⟩ := rfl rw [heq] simp only [Set.mem_preimage,cell_interior,Set.mem_image] constructor · rintro ⟨h,hh⟩ exact ⟨⟨d,h⟩,hh,rfl⟩ · rintro ⟨y,hy,he⟩ have heq' : y.1 = d := he subst d exact ⟨y.2,hy⟩ · let x : Sphere n := ⟨d.1,by have hm := d.2 simp only [mem_closedBall,mem_ball,mem_sphere] at * exact le_antisymm hm (le_of_not_gt hd)⟩ have heq : d = boundary n x := rfl have hx : ‖x.1‖ = 1 := by simpa only [mem_sphere,dist_zero_right] using x.2 have hhalf : (1/2:ℝ) < ‖(boundary n x).1‖ := by change (1/2:ℝ) < ‖x.1‖; rw [hx]; norm_num rw [heq] simp only [Set.mem_preimage,cell_boundary,base_mem_thickening,Set.mem_image] constructor · intro h exact ⟨⟨boundary n x,hhalf⟩,by simpa only [Function.comp_apply,radial_boundary] using h,rfl⟩ · rintro ⟨y,hy,he⟩ have heq' : y = ⟨boundary n x,hhalf⟩ := Subtype.ext he simpa only [heq',Function.comp_apply,radial_boundary] using hy lemma thickening_isOpen {U : Set X} (hU : IsOpen U) : IsOpen (thickening a U) := by rw [isOpen_iff] refine ⟨hU,fun i => ?_⟩ rw [cell_preimage_thickening] exact (collar_openEmbedding n).isOpenMap _ (hU.preimage ((a i).continuous.comp (continuous_radial n))) variable {G : Type w} [Group G] [MulAction G X] [MulAction G ι] variable (ha : ∀ (g : G) i x, a (g • i) x = g • a i x) include ha lemma thickening_disjoint {U : Set X} (hU : ∀ g : G, ((g • ·) '' U ∩ U).Nonempty → g = 1) : ∀ g : G, ((g • ·) '' thickening a U ∩ thickening a U).Nonempty → g = 1 := by intro g h obtain ⟨_,⟨z,hz,rfl⟩,hgz⟩ := h cases z with | inl x => exact hU g ⟨g • x,⟨x,hz,rfl⟩,hgz⟩ | inr p => obtain ⟨hhalf,hz⟩ := hz obtain ⟨_,hgz⟩ := hgz change a (g • p.1) (radial n ⟨interior n p.2,hhalf⟩) ∈ U at hgz rw [ha] at hgz exact hU g ⟨g • a p.1 (radial n ⟨interior n p.2,hhalf⟩),⟨_,hz,rfl⟩,hgz⟩ lemma exists_disjoint_nhds [IsCancelSMul G ι] (hX : ∀ x : X, ∃ U ∈ 𝓝 x, ∀ g : G, ((g • ·) '' U ∩ U).Nonempty → g = 1) : ∀ z : Space a, ∃ U ∈ 𝓝 z, ∀ g : G, ((g • ·) '' U ∩ U).Nonempty → g = 1 := by intro z cases z with | inl x => obtain ⟨U,hUx,hU⟩ := hX x obtain ⟨V,hVU,hV,hxV⟩ := mem_nhds_iff.mp hUx refine ⟨thickening a V,(thickening_isOpen a hV).mem_nhds hxV, thickening_disjoint a ha (fun g hg => hU g ?_)⟩ exact hg.mono (Set.inter_subset_inter (Set.image_mono hVU) hVU) | inr p => refine ⟨Set.range (openCell a p.1),(openCell_openEmbedding a p.1).isOpen_range.mem_nhds (Set.mem_range_self p.2),?_⟩ intro g hg obtain ⟨_,⟨_,⟨x,rfl⟩,rfl⟩,⟨y,hy⟩⟩ := hg have hi : p.1 = g • p.1 := congrArg Sigma.fst (Sum.inr_injective hy) apply IsCancelSMul.right_cancel g 1 p.1 simpa only [one_smul] using hi.symm end GroupRingTopology.Attachment end end OAI