import Mathlib import OAI.Computability.VertexCover.PCP.ConstraintGraph import OAI.Computability.VertexCover.Encoding.Runtime import OAI.Computability.VertexCover.Encoding.MachineComposition import OAI.Computability.VertexCover.Reduction.GridBudget namespace OAI section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section section namespace VertexCover.Machine open Turing open Turing.TM2 attribute [local instance] FinTM2.kFin FinTM2.ΛFin FinTM2.σFin namespace Compose variable (A B : FinTM2) abbrev K := A.K ⊕ (B.K ⊕ Unit) abbrev Γ : K A B → Type | .inl k => A.Γ k | .inr (.inl k) => B.Γ k | .inr (.inr _) => Bool abbrev Λ := A.Λ ⊕ (B.Λ ⊕ Bool) abbrev State := A.σ × B.σ × Option Bool instance : Fintype (State A B) := inferInstanceAs (Fintype (A.σ × B.σ × Option Bool)) abbrev Cfg := Turing.TM2.Cfg (Γ A B) (Λ A B) (State A B) abbrev Stmt := Turing.TM2.Stmt (Γ A B) (Λ A B) (State A B) abbrev first (k : A.K) : K A B := .inl k abbrev second (k : B.K) : K A B := .inr (.inl k) abbrev temporary : K A B := .inr (.inr ()) abbrev transfer (b : Bool) : Λ A B := .inr (.inr b) def firstStatement : A.Stmt → Stmt A B | .push k f p => .push (first A B k) (fun s => f s.1) (firstStatement p) | .peek k f p => .peek (first A B k) (fun s x => (f s.1 x, s.2)) (firstStatement p) | .pop k f p => .pop (first A B k) (fun s x => (f s.1 x, s.2)) (firstStatement p) | .load f p => .load (fun s => (f s.1, s.2)) (firstStatement p) | .branch f p q => .branch (fun s => f s.1) (firstStatement p) (firstStatement q) | .goto f => .goto (fun s => .inl (f s.1)) | .halt => .goto (fun _ => transfer A B false) def secondStatement : B.Stmt → Stmt A B | .push k f p => .push (second A B k) (fun s => f s.2.1) (secondStatement p) | .peek k f p => .peek (second A B k) (fun s x => (s.1, f s.2.1 x, s.2.2)) (secondStatement p) | .pop k f p => .pop (second A B k) (fun s x => (s.1, f s.2.1 x, s.2.2)) (secondStatement p) | .load f p => .load (fun s => (s.1, f s.2.1, s.2.2)) (secondStatement p) | .branch f p q => .branch (fun s => f s.2.1) (secondStatement p) (secondStatement q) | .goto f => .goto (fun s => .inr (.inl (f s.2.1))) | .halt => .halt variable (outA : A.Γ A.k₁ ≃ Bool) (inB : B.Γ B.k₀ ≃ Bool) def program : Λ A B → Stmt A B | .inl l => firstStatement A B (A.m l) | .inr (.inl l) => secondStatement A B (B.m l) | .inr (.inr false) => .pop (first A B A.k₁) (fun s x => (s.1, s.2.1, x.map outA)) (.branch (fun s => s.2.2.isSome) (.push (temporary A B) (fun s => s.2.2.getD false) (.goto (fun _ => transfer A B false))) (.goto (fun _ => transfer A B true))) | .inr (.inr true) => .pop (temporary A B) (fun s x => (s.1, s.2.1, x)) (.branch (fun s => s.2.2.isSome) (.push (second A B B.k₀) (fun s => inB.symm (s.2.2.getD false)) (.goto (fun _ => transfer A B true))) (.goto (fun _ => .inr (.inl B.main)))) abbrev machine : FinTM2 where K := K A B k₀ := first A B A.k₀ k₁ := second A B B.k₁ Γ := Γ A B Λ := Λ A B main := .inl A.main σ := State A B initialState := (A.initialState, B.initialState, none) m := program A B outA inB Γk₀Fin := A.Γk₀Fin def tapes (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) : ∀ k, List (Γ A B k) | .inl k => ta k | .inr (.inl k) => tb k | .inr (.inr _) => temp @[simp] theorem tapes_first (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (t : List Bool) (k : A.K) : tapes A B ta tb t (first A B k) = ta k := rfl @[simp] theorem tapes_second (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (t : List Bool) (k : B.K) : tapes A B ta tb t (second A B k) = tb k := rfl @[simp] theorem tapes_temporary (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (t : List Bool) : tapes A B ta tb t (temporary A B) = t := rfl theorem tapes_update_first (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (t : List Bool) (k : A.K) (v : List (A.Γ k)) : tapes A B (Function.update ta k v) tb t = Function.update (tapes A B ta tb t) (first A B k) v := by funext j rcases j with j | (j | j) · by_cases h : j = k · subst j; simp [tapes, first] · simp [tapes, first, Function.update, h] · simp [tapes, first, Function.update] · simp [tapes, first, Function.update] theorem tapes_update_second (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (t : List Bool) (k : B.K) (v : List (B.Γ k)) : tapes A B ta (Function.update tb k v) t = Function.update (tapes A B ta tb t) (second A B k) v := by funext j rcases j with j | (j | j) · simp [tapes, second, Function.update] · by_cases h : j = k · subst j; simp [tapes, second] · simp [tapes, second, Function.update, h] · simp [tapes, second, Function.update] theorem tapes_update_temporary (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (t v : List Bool) : tapes A B ta tb v = Function.update (tapes A B ta tb t) (temporary A B) v := by funext j rcases j with j | (j | j) · simp [tapes, temporary, Function.update] · simp [tapes, temporary, Function.update] · cases j; simp [tapes, temporary] def firstCfg (state : B.σ) (flag : Option Bool) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) (c : A.Cfg) : Cfg A B where l := some (c.l.elim (transfer A B false) Sum.inl) var := (c.var, state, flag) stk := tapes A B c.stk tb temp def secondCfg (state : A.σ) (flag : Option Bool) (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) (c : B.Cfg) : Cfg A B where l := c.l.map (fun l => .inr (.inl l)) var := (state, c.var, flag) stk := tapes A B ta c.stk temp theorem first_stepAux (b : B.σ) (flag : Option Bool) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) (q : A.Stmt) (s : A.σ) (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) : stepAux (firstStatement A B q) (s, b, flag) (tapes A B ta tb temp) = firstCfg A B b flag tb temp (stepAux q s ta) := by induction q generalizing s ta with | push k f p ih => simp only [firstStatement, stepAux, tapes_first] rw [← tapes_update_first] exact ih s _ | peek k f p ih => simpa only [firstStatement, stepAux, tapes_first] using ih (f s (ta k).head?) ta | pop k f p ih => simp only [firstStatement, stepAux, tapes_first] rw [← tapes_update_first] exact ih (f s (ta k).head?) _ | load f p ih => simpa only [firstStatement, stepAux] using ih (f s) ta | branch f p q ihp ihq => cases h : f s with | false => simpa only [firstStatement, stepAux, h, Bool.cond_false] using ihq s ta | true => simpa only [firstStatement, stepAux, h, Bool.cond_true] using ihp s ta | goto f => rfl | halt => rfl theorem second_stepAux (a : A.σ) (flag : Option Bool) (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) (q : B.Stmt) (s : B.σ) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) : stepAux (secondStatement A B q) (a, s, flag) (tapes A B ta tb temp) = secondCfg A B a flag ta temp (stepAux q s tb) := by induction q generalizing s tb with | push k f p ih => simp only [secondStatement, stepAux, tapes_second] rw [← tapes_update_second] exact ih s _ | peek k f p ih => simpa only [secondStatement, stepAux, tapes_second] using ih (f s (tb k).head?) tb | pop k f p ih => simp only [secondStatement, stepAux, tapes_second] rw [← tapes_update_second] exact ih (f s (tb k).head?) _ | load f p ih => simpa only [secondStatement, stepAux] using ih (f s) tb | branch f p q ihp ihq => cases h : f s with | false => simpa only [secondStatement, stepAux, h, Bool.cond_false] using ihq s tb | true => simpa only [secondStatement, stepAux, h, Bool.cond_true] using ihp s tb | goto f => rfl | halt => rfl theorem first_step (b : B.σ) (flag : Option Bool) (tb : ∀ k, List (B.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) (c c' : A.Cfg) (h : A.step c = some c') : (machine A B outA inB).step (firstCfg A B b flag tb temp c) = some (firstCfg A B b flag tb temp c') := by rcases c with ⟨l,s,ta⟩ cases l with | none => simp [FinTM2.step, step] at h | some l => have hc : stepAux (A.m l) s ta = c' := Option.some.inj h rw [← hc] change some (stepAux (firstStatement A B (A.m l)) (s,b,flag) (tapes A B ta tb temp)) = _ exact congrArg some (first_stepAux A B b flag tb temp (A.m l) s ta) theorem second_step (a : A.σ) (flag : Option Bool) (ta : ∀ k, List (A.Γ k)) (temp : List Bool) (c c' : B.Cfg) (h : B.step c = some c') : (machine A B outA inB).step (secondCfg A B a flag ta temp c) = some (secondCfg A B a flag ta temp c') := by rcases c with ⟨l,s,tb⟩ cases l with | none => simp [FinTM2.step, step] at h | some l => have hc : stepAux (B.m l) s tb = c' := Option.some.inj h rw [← hc] change some (stepAux (secondStatement A B (B.m l)) (a,s,flag) (tapes A B ta tb temp)) = _ exact congrArg some (second_stepAux A B a flag ta temp (B.m l) s tb) def tapeOnly {K : Type} {Γ : K → Type} [DecidableEq K] (k : K) (s : List (Γ k)) : ∀ j, List (Γ j) := Function.update (fun _ => []) k s @[simp] theorem tapeOnly_self {K : Type} {Γ : K → Type} [DecidableEq K] (k : K) (s : List (Γ k)) : tapeOnly k s k = s := Function.update_self _ _ _ @[simp] theorem tapeOnly_nil {K : Type} {Γ : K → Type} [DecidableEq K] (k : K) : tapeOnly (Γ := Γ) k [] = fun _ => [] := Function.update_eq_self _ _ @[simp] theorem tapeOnly_update {K : Type} {Γ : K → Type} [DecidableEq K] (k : K) (s t : List (Γ k)) : Function.update (tapeOnly k s) k t = tapeOnly k t := Function.update_idem _ _ _ def bridgeOne (s : List (A.Γ A.k₁)) (temp : List Bool) (flag : Option Bool) : Cfg A B where l := some (transfer A B false) var := (A.initialState, B.initialState, flag) stk := tapes A B (tapeOnly A.k₁ s) (fun _ => []) temp def bridgeTwo (temp : List Bool) (s : List (B.Γ B.k₀)) (flag : Option Bool) : Cfg A B where l := some (transfer A B true) var := (A.initialState, B.initialState, flag) stk := tapes A B (fun _ => []) (tapeOnly B.k₀ s) temp theorem bridgeOne_cons (x : A.Γ A.k₁) (xs : List (A.Γ A.k₁)) (temp : List Bool) (flag : Option Bool) : (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeOne A B (x::xs) temp flag) = some (bridgeOne A B xs (outA x::temp) (some (outA x))) := by change step (program A B outA inB) _ = _ simp only [bridgeOne, step, program, stepAux, tapes_first, tapeOnly_self, List.head?_cons, List.tail_cons, Option.map_some, Option.isSome_some, Bool.cond_true, Option.getD_some] rw [← tapes_update_first, tapeOnly_update] simp only [tapes_temporary] rw [← tapes_update_temporary] theorem bridgeOne_nil (temp : List Bool) (flag : Option Bool) : (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeOne A B [] temp flag) = some (bridgeTwo A B temp [] none) := by change step (program A B outA inB) _ = _ simp only [bridgeOne, step, program, stepAux, tapes_first, tapeOnly_self, List.head?_nil, List.tail_nil, Option.map_none, Option.isSome_none, Bool.cond_false] rw [← tapes_update_first, tapeOnly_update] simp only [tapeOnly_nil, bridgeTwo] theorem bridgeTwo_cons (x : Bool) (xs : List Bool) (s : List (B.Γ B.k₀)) (flag : Option Bool) : (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeTwo A B (x::xs) s flag) = some (bridgeTwo A B xs (inB.symm x::s) (some x)) := by change step (program A B outA inB) _ = _ simp only [bridgeTwo, step, program, stepAux, tapes_temporary, List.head?_cons, List.tail_cons, Option.isSome_some, Bool.cond_true, Option.getD_some] rw [← tapes_update_temporary] simp only [tapes_second, tapeOnly_self] rw [← tapes_update_second, tapeOnly_update] theorem init_tapes (M : FinTM2) (s : List (M.Γ M.k₀)) : (initList M s).stk = tapeOnly M.k₀ s := by funext k by_cases h : k = M.k₀ · subst k; simp [initList, tapeOnly] · simp [initList, tapeOnly, Function.update, h] theorem halt_tapes (M : FinTM2) (s : List (M.Γ M.k₁)) : (haltList M s).stk = tapeOnly M.k₁ s := by funext k by_cases h : k = M.k₁ · subst k; simp [haltList, tapeOnly] · simp [haltList, tapeOnly, Function.update, h] theorem bridgeTwo_nil (s : List (B.Γ B.k₀)) (flag : Option Bool) : (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeTwo A B [] s flag) = some (secondCfg A B A.initialState none (fun _ => []) [] (Turing.initList B s)) := by change step (program A B outA inB) _ = _ simp only [bridgeTwo, step, program, stepAux, tapes_temporary, List.head?_nil, List.tail_nil, Option.isSome_none, Bool.cond_false] rw [← tapes_update_temporary] simp only [secondCfg, init_tapes] rfl private def oneStep {S : Type} (step : S → Option S) (a b : S) (h : step a = some b) : StateTransition.EvalsToInTime step a (some b) 1 where steps := 1 evals_in_steps := h steps_le_m := le_rfl def bridgeOne_run (s : List (A.Γ A.k₁)) (temp : List Bool) (flag : Option Bool) : @StateTransition.EvalsToInTime (Cfg A B) (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeOne A B s temp flag) (some (bridgeTwo A B ((s.map outA).reverse ++ temp) [] none)) (s.length + 1) := by induction s generalizing temp flag with | nil => exact oneStep _ _ _ (bridgeOne_nil A B outA inB temp flag) | cons x xs ih => have e₁ := oneStep _ _ _ (bridgeOne_cons A B outA inB x xs temp flag) have e₂ := ih (outA x :: temp) (some (outA x)) have both := StateTransition.EvalsToInTime.trans _ _ _ _ _ _ e₁ e₂ simpa only [List.map_cons, List.reverse_cons, List.append_assoc, List.singleton_append, List.length_cons] using both def bridgeTwo_run (temp : List Bool) (s : List (B.Γ B.k₀)) (flag : Option Bool) : @StateTransition.EvalsToInTime (Cfg A B) (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeTwo A B temp s flag) (some (secondCfg A B A.initialState none (fun _ => []) [] (Turing.initList B ((temp.map inB.symm).reverse ++ s)))) (temp.length + 1) := by induction temp generalizing s flag with | nil => exact oneStep _ _ _ (bridgeTwo_nil A B outA inB s flag) | cons x xs ih => have e₁ := oneStep _ _ _ (bridgeTwo_cons A B outA inB x xs s flag) have e₂ := ih (inB.symm x :: s) (some x) have both := StateTransition.EvalsToInTime.trans _ _ _ _ _ _ e₁ e₂ simpa only [List.map_cons, List.reverse_cons, List.append_assoc, List.singleton_append, List.length_cons] using both theorem cfg_ext {c c' : Cfg A B} (hl : c.l = c'.l) (hs : c.var = c'.var) (ht : c.stk = c'.stk) : c = c' := by rcases c with ⟨l,s,t⟩ rcases c' with ⟨l',s',t'⟩ cases hl; cases hs; cases ht rfl theorem first_initial (s : List (A.Γ A.k₀)) : firstCfg A B B.initialState none (fun _ => []) [] (Turing.initList A s) = Turing.initList (machine A B outA inB) s := by apply cfg_ext A B · rfl · rfl · rw [init_tapes] change tapes A B (initList A s).stk (fun _ => []) [] = _ rw [init_tapes] funext k rcases k with k | (k | k) · by_cases h : k = A.k₀ · subst k; simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, first] · simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, first, Function.update, h] · simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, first, Function.update] · simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, first, Function.update] theorem first_halted (s : List (A.Γ A.k₁)) : firstCfg A B B.initialState none (fun _ => []) [] (Turing.haltList A s) = bridgeOne A B s [] none := by simp only [firstCfg, halt_tapes, bridgeOne] rfl theorem second_halted (s : List (B.Γ B.k₁)) : secondCfg A B A.initialState none (fun _ => []) [] (Turing.haltList B s) = Turing.haltList (machine A B outA inB) s := by apply cfg_ext A B · rfl · rfl · rw [halt_tapes] change tapes A B (fun _ => []) (haltList B s).stk [] = _ rw [halt_tapes] funext k rcases k with k | (k | k) · simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, second, Function.update] · by_cases h : k = B.k₁ · subst k; simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, second] · simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, second, Function.update, h] · simp [machine, tapes, tapeOnly, second, Function.update] open UniqueGames.Foundations.Complexity.MachineComposition def outputs (input : List (A.Γ A.k₀)) (middle : List Bool) (output : List (B.Γ B.k₁)) (n₁ n₂ : ℕ) (h₁ : Turing.TM2OutputsInTime A input (some (middle.map outA.symm)) n₁) (h₂ : Turing.TM2OutputsInTime B (middle.map inB.symm) (some output) n₂) : Turing.TM2OutputsInTime (machine A B outA inB) input (some output) (n₁ + 2 * (middle.length + 1) + n₂) := by have e₁ := liftExecutionInTime A.step (machine A B outA inB).step (firstCfg A B B.initialState none (fun _ => []) []) (first_step A B outA inB B.initialState none (fun _ => []) []) h₁ rw [first_initial, first_halted] at e₁ have e₂ : @StateTransition.EvalsToInTime (Cfg A B) (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeOne A B (middle.map outA.symm) [] none) (some (bridgeTwo A B middle.reverse [] none)) (middle.length+1) := by simpa only [List.map_map, Equiv.apply_symm_apply, Function.comp_def, List.map_id_fun, List.map_id, List.map_id', List.append_nil, List.length_map] using bridgeOne_run A B outA inB (middle.map outA.symm) [] none have e₃ : @StateTransition.EvalsToInTime (Cfg A B) (machine A B outA inB).step (bridgeTwo A B middle.reverse [] none) (some (secondCfg A B A.initialState none (fun _ => []) [] (initList B (middle.map inB.symm)))) (middle.length+1) := by simpa only [List.map_reverse, List.reverse_reverse, List.append_nil, List.length_reverse] using bridgeTwo_run A B outA inB middle.reverse [] none have e₄ := liftExecutionInTime B.step (machine A B outA inB).step (secondCfg A B A.initialState none (fun _ => []) []) (second_step A B outA inB A.initialState none (fun _ => []) []) h₂ rw [second_halted] at e₄ have e₁₂ := StateTransition.EvalsToInTime.trans _ _ _ _ _ _ e₁ e₂ have e₁₂₃ := StateTransition.EvalsToInTime.trans _ _ _ _ _ _ e₁₂ e₃ have all := StateTransition.EvalsToInTime.trans _ _ _ _ _ _ e₁₂₃ e₄ exact { all with steps_le_m := by have hh := all.steps_le_m; omega } theorem finiteAlphabet (hA : ∀ k, Finite (A.Γ k)) (hB : ∀ k, Finite (B.Γ k)) : ∀ k, Finite ((machine A B outA inB).Γ k) := by rintro (k | (k | k)) · exact hA k · exact hB k · exact inferInstanceAs (Finite Bool) end Compose open UniqueGames.Foundations.Complexity noncomputable def compose {α β γ : Type} {eα : α → List Bool} {eβ : β → List Bool} {eγ : γ → List Bool} {f : α → β} {g : β → γ} (c₁ : Turing.TM2ComputableInPolyTime eα eβ f) (c₂ : Turing.TM2ComputableInPolyTime eβ eγ g) : Turing.TM2ComputableInPolyTime eα eγ (g ∘ f) where tm := Compose.machine c₁.tm c₂.tm c₁.outputAlphabet c₂.inputAlphabet inputAlphabet := c₁.inputAlphabet outputAlphabet := c₂.outputAlphabet time := MachineComposition.compositionPolynomial c₁.time c₂.time (Polynomial.X + Polynomial.C (Runtime.programPushBound c₁.tm)*c₁.time) outputsFun a := by have run := Compose.outputs c₁.tm c₂.tm c₁.outputAlphabet c₂.inputAlphabet ((eα a).map c₁.inputAlphabet.symm) (eβ (f a)) ((eγ (g (f a))).map c₂.outputAlphabet.symm) (c₁.time.eval (eα a).length) (c₂.time.eval (eβ (f a)).length) (c₁.outputsFun a) (c₂.outputsFun (f a)) refine { run with steps_le_m := ?_ } exact run.steps_le_m.trans (MachineComposition.compositionBudget_le _ _ _ _ _ (Runtime.encodedOutputLength c₁ a)) theorem compose_finite {α β γ : Type} {eα : α → List Bool} {eβ : β → List Bool} {eγ : γ → List Bool} {f : α → β} {g : β → γ} (c₁ : Turing.TM2ComputableInPolyTime eα eβ f) (c₂ : Turing.TM2ComputableInPolyTime eβ eγ g) (h₁ : ∀ k, Finite (c₁.tm.Γ k)) (h₂ : ∀ k, Finite (c₂.tm.Γ k)) : ∀ k, Finite ((compose c₁ c₂).tm.Γ k) := Compose.finiteAlphabet c₁.tm c₂.tm c₁.outputAlphabet c₂.inputAlphabet h₁ h₂ end VertexCover.Machine end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end end OAI