import OAI.MathematicalPhysics.Boltzmann.Approximation.PositiveSourceFormula import OAI.MathematicalPhysics.Boltzmann.Branching.BoundedEntropyProduction import OAI.MathematicalPhysics.Boltzmann.Branching.LinearCharacteristicBalance import OAI.MathematicalPhysics.Boltzmann.Compactness.StrongPairMoment import OAI.MathematicalPhysics.Boltzmann.Compactness.UniformIntegrability import Mathlib.Analysis.Calculus.Deriv.Inv namespace OAI section /-! # Exact entropy dissipation for positive bounded cutoff densities -/ noncomputable section open MeasureTheory open BoltzmannNonuniqueness.VelocityWeight namespace BoltzmannNonuniqueness.CollisionCompactness variable {X : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] def positiveCutoffProduction (b : ℝ) (f : X × Velocity → ℝ) (z : (X × (Velocity × Velocity)) × Sphere) : ℝ := (1/4:ℝ)*collisionJump (fun p => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)) z* (truncatedPostRate b f z-truncatedPreRate b f z) omit [MeasurableSpace X] in theorem positiveCutoffProduction_nonneg (b : ℝ) (f : X × Velocity → ℝ) (hf : ∀ p, 0 < f p) (z : (X × (Velocity × Velocity)) × Sphere) : 0 ≤ positiveCutoffProduction b f z := by have h := mul_nonneg (by norm_num : (0:ℝ) ≤ 1/4) (relative_entropy_production_nonneg b f hf z) simpa only [positiveCutoffProduction,mul_assoc] using h theorem cutoff_relative_entropy_identity {μ : Measure X} [SFinite μ] (b : ℝ) (f : X × Velocity → ℝ) (hpre : Integrable (fun z => Real.log (f (z.1.1,z.1.2.1)/maxwellian z.1.2.1)* truncatedPreRate b f z) ((μ.prod (volume : Measure (Velocity × Velocity))).prod sphereArea)) (hpost : Integrable (fun z => Real.log (f (z.1.1,z.1.2.1)/maxwellian z.1.2.1)* truncatedPostRate b f z) ((μ.prod (volume : Measure (Velocity × Velocity))).prod sphereArea)) : (∫ p, Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)*KineticCollisionNullSets.gain b f p ∂μ.prod volume)- (∫ p, Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)*cutoffLossDensity b f p ∂μ.prod volume) = -(∫ z, positiveCutoffProduction b f z ∂(μ.prod (volume : Measure (Velocity × Velocity))).prod sphereArea) := by have hp := (collision_test_marginal (truncatedPostRate b f) (fun p => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)) hpost).2 have hl := (collision_test_marginal (truncatedPreRate b f) (fun p => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)) hpre).2 simp only [← cutoffGain_eq_marginal] at hp simp only [← cutoffLoss_eq_marginal] at hl rw [hp,hl,cutoff_production_identity b f (fun p => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)) hpre hpost] simp only [positiveCutoffProduction,mul_assoc,integral_const_mul] ring theorem bounded_positive_entropy_identity (hcarleman : Published.GPV2009CarlemanInput) {μ : Measure X} [IsFiniteMeasure μ] {q A δ b : ℝ} (hq₁ : 1 < q) (hq₂ : q < 2) (hA : 0 ≤ A) (hδ : 0 < δ) (hb : 0 ≤ b) {f : X × Velocity → ℝ} (hfm : Measurable f) (hfl : ∀ p, δ*Real.exp (-2*‖p.2‖^2) ≤ f p) (hfb : ∀ p, f p ≤ A*H q p.2) : Integrable (positiveCutoffProduction b f) ((μ.prod (volume : Measure (Velocity × Velocity))).prod sphereArea) ∧ (∫ p, Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)*collisionSource b f p ∂μ.prod volume) = -(∫ z, positiveCutoffProduction b f z ∂(μ.prod (volume : Measure (Velocity × Velocity))).prod sphereArea) := by have hfn : ∀ p, 0 ≤ f p := fun p => (mul_pos hδ (Real.exp_pos _)).le.trans (hfl p) have hpair := bounded_pair_integrable (μ := μ) hq₂ hA hfm hfn hfb have hgL := bounded_log_gainLoss_integrable (μ := μ) hcarleman hq₁ hq₂ hA hA hδ hb hfm hfm hfn hfb hfl hfb have hlog : Measurable (fun p : X × Velocity => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)) := by have hm : Measurable (fun p : X × Velocity => maxwellian p.2) := by unfold maxwellian; fun_prop exact (hfm.div hm).log have hS : MeasurableSet {z : (X × (Velocity × Velocity)) × Sphere | ‖z.1.2.1-z.1.2.2‖ < b} := measurableSet_lt (by fun_prop) measurable_const have hprei := (preRate_integrable hfm hfn hpair).indicator hS have hposti := (postRate_integrable hfm hfn hpair).indicator hS have hpren : ∀ z, 0 ≤ truncatedPreRate b f z := fun z => Set.indicator_nonneg (fun z _ => preRate_nonneg hfn z) z have hpostn : ∀ z, 0 ≤ truncatedPostRate b f z := fun z => Set.indicator_nonneg (fun z _ => preRate_nonneg hfn (scatterTriple z)) z have hpre := collision_test_integrable_of_marginal (truncatedPreRate_measurable hfm b) hpren hprei hlog (by simpa only [← cutoffLoss_eq_marginal] using hgL.2) have hpost := collision_test_integrable_of_marginal (truncatedPostRate_measurable hfm b) hpostn hposti hlog (by simpa only [← cutoffGain_eq_marginal] using hgL.1) obtain ⟨hjpre,hjpost⟩ := collisionJump_integrable b f (fun p => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)) hpre hpost constructor · convert (hjpost.sub hjpre).const_mul (1/4:ℝ) using 1 funext z simp only [positiveCutoffProduction,Pi.sub_apply] ring · have hloss := cutoff_loss_ae_eq_frequency hfm hfn hpair b have hLi : Integrable (fun p => Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)* (f p*KineticCollisionNullSets.frequency b f p)) (μ.prod volume) := by apply hgL.2.congr filter_upwards [hloss] with p hp rw [hp] calc _ = (∫ p, Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)*KineticCollisionNullSets.gain b f p ∂μ.prod volume)- (∫ p, Real.log (f p/maxwellian p.2)*cutoffLossDensity b f p ∂μ.prod volume) := by simp_rw [collisionSource,mul_sub] rw [integral_sub hgL.1 hLi] congr 1 apply integral_congr_ae filter_upwards [hloss] with p hp rw [hp] _ = _ := cutoff_relative_entropy_identity b f hpre hpost end BoltzmannNonuniqueness.CollisionCompactness end end section /-! # Uniform integrability upgrades positive-difference convergence to strong L1 convergence -/ noncomputable section open MeasureTheory Filter open scoped ENNReal Topology namespace BoltzmannNonuniqueness.Compactness open TransportPrimitive variable {X : Type*} [MeasurableSpace X] {μ : Measure X} theorem positiveDifference_L1 {u v : ℕ → X → ℝ} (hum : ∀ n, Measurable (u n)) (hvm : ∀ n, Measurable (v n)) (hu : ∀ n x, 0 ≤ u n x) (hv : ∀ n x, 0 ≤ v n x) (hui : UniformIntegrable u 1 μ) (hvi : UniformIntegrable v 1 μ) (hd : Tendsto (fun n => eLpNorm (fun x => positiveDifference (u n x) (v n x)) 1 μ) atTop (𝓝 0)) : Tendsto (fun n => eLpNorm (fun x => u n x-v n x) 1 μ) atTop (𝓝 0) := by have hclip (K : ℝ) (hK : 0 ≤ K) : Tendsto (fun n => eLpNorm (fun x => min (u n x) K-min (v n x) K) 1 μ) atTop (𝓝 0) := by have hmul := ENNReal.Tendsto.const_mul (a := ENNReal.ofReal (1+2*K)) hd (Or.inr ENNReal.ofReal_ne_top) simp only [mul_zero] at hmul apply tendsto_of_tendsto_of_tendsto_of_le_of_le tendsto_const_nhds hmul (fun _ => zero_le) intro n apply eLpNorm_le_mul_eLpNorm_of_ae_le_mul (((hum n).min measurable_const).sub ((hvm n).min measurable_const)).aestronglyMeasurable exact ae_of_all _ (fun x => by simpa only [Real.norm_eq_abs,Pi.sub_apply] using min_difference_le_positiveDifference (hu n x) (hv n x) hK) apply ENNReal.tendsto_nhds_zero.mpr intro ε hε have hε4 : 0 < ε/4 := ENNReal.div_pos hε.ne' (by norm_num) obtain ⟨C,hC⟩ := uniform_min_truncation hum hu hui hε4 obtain ⟨D,hD⟩ := uniform_min_truncation hvm hv hvi hε4 let K : ℝ := max (C:ℝ) (D:ℝ) have hK : 0 ≤ K := C.coe_nonneg.trans (le_max_left _ _) filter_upwards [ENNReal.tendsto_nhds_zero.mp (hclip K hK) (ε/4) hε4] with n hn have he : (fun x => u n x-v n x) = (fun x => u n x-min (u n x) K)+ (fun x => min (u n x) K-min (v n x) K)+ (fun x => min (v n x) K-v n x) := by funext x simp only [Pi.add_apply] ring rw [he] calc _ ≤ (eLpNorm (fun x => u n x-min (u n x) K) 1 μ+ eLpNorm (fun x => min (u n x) K-min (v n x) K) 1 μ)+ eLpNorm (fun x => min (v n x) K-v n x) 1 μ := (eLpNorm_add_le (by norm_num)).trans (add_le_add (eLpNorm_add_le (by norm_num)) le_rfl) _ ≤ (ε/4+ε/4)+ε/4 := by apply add_le_add (add_le_add (hC K (le_max_left _ _) n) hn) change eLpNorm ((fun x => min (v n x) K)-v n) 1 μ ≤ _ rw [eLpNorm_sub_comm] exact hD K (le_max_right _ _) n _ ≤ ε := by calc (ε/4+ε/4)+ε/4 ≤ (ε/4+ε/4)+(ε/4+ε/4) := add_le_add le_rfl le_self_add _ = 4*(ε/4) := by ring _ = ε := ENNReal.mul_div_cancel (by norm_num) (by norm_num) end BoltzmannNonuniqueness.Compactness end end section /-! # Absolute continuity and evolution of the bounded positive-path difference -/ noncomputable section open MeasureTheory Set namespace BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive theorem inv_lipschitzOn_one : LipschitzOnWith 1 (fun x : ℝ => x⁻¹) (Ici 1) := by rw [lipschitzOnWith_iff_dist_le_mul] intro x hx y hy have hx0 : 0 < x := lt_of_lt_of_le zero_lt_one hx have hy0 : 0 < y := lt_of_lt_of_le zero_lt_one hy have he : x⁻¹-y⁻¹ = (y-x)/(x*y) := by field_simp simp only [Real.dist_eq,NNReal.coe_one,one_mul] rw [he,abs_div,abs_of_pos (mul_pos hx0 hy0),abs_sub_comm y x] apply (div_le_iff₀ (mul_pos hx0 hy0)).mpr have hxy : 1 ≤ x*y := by simpa only [one_mul] using mul_le_mul hx hy (by norm_num) hx0.le nlinarith [abs_nonneg (x-y)] theorem positiveDifference_absolutelyContinuous {T : ℝ} (hT : 0 ≤ T) {u v : ℝ → ℝ} (hu : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval u 0 T) (hv : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval v 0 T) (hu0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ v t) : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval (fun t => positiveDifference (u t) (v t)) 0 T := by have hc : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval (fun _ : ℝ => (1:ℝ)) 0 T := (LipschitzWith.const 1).lipschitzOnWith.absolutelyContinuousOnInterval have hd : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval (fun t => 1+u t+v t) 0 T := (hc.add hu).add hv have hi := inv_lipschitzOn_one.comp_absolutelyContinuousOnInterval (fun t ht => by have hmem : t ∈ Icc 0 T := by simpa only [uIcc_of_le hT] using ht change 1 ≤ 1+u t+v t linarith [hu0 t hmem,hv0 t hmem]) hd exact (hu.sub hv).mul hi theorem positiveDifference_hasDerivAt {u v : ℝ → ℝ} {du dv t : ℝ} (hu : HasDerivAt u du t) (hv : HasDerivAt v dv t) (hu0 : 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : 0 ≤ v t) : HasDerivAt (fun s => positiveDifference (u s) (v s)) (((du-dv)*(1+u t+v t)-(u t-v t)*(du+dv))/(1+u t+v t)^2) t := by exact (hu.sub hv).div ((hu.const_add 1).add hv) (by positivity) theorem positiveDifference_evolution {u v : ℝ → ℝ} {a b k l e f t : ℝ} (hu : HasDerivAt u (a-k*u t+e) t) (hv : HasDerivAt v (b-l*v t+f) t) (hu0 : 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : 0 ≤ v t) : HasDerivAt (fun s => positiveDifference (u s) (v s)) (positiveDifferenceForcing (u t) (v t) a b k l e f- positiveDifferenceDamping (u t) (v t) a b k l e f*positiveDifference (u t) (v t)) t := by have h := positiveDifference_hasDerivAt hu hv hu0 hv0 rwa [positiveDifference_derivative_identity hu0 hv0] at h end BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive end end section /-! # Stability in a bounded metric for positive characteristic profiles -/ noncomputable section open MeasureTheory Set namespace BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive theorem positiveDifference_stability {T : ℝ} (hT : 0 ≤ T) {u v a b k l e f : ℝ → ℝ} (hu : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval u 0 T) (hv : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval v 0 T) (hu0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ v t) (ha : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ a t) (hb : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ b t) (hk0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ k t) (hl0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ l t) (he0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ e t) (hf0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ f t) (hdi : IntervalIntegrable (fun t => positiveDifferenceDamping (u t) (v t) (a t) (b t) (k t) (l t) (e t) (f t)) volume 0 T) (hri : IntervalIntegrable (fun t => positiveDifferenceForcing (u t) (v t) (a t) (b t) (k t) (l t) (e t) (f t)) volume 0 T) (hdu : ∀ᵐ t, t ∈ Icc 0 T → HasDerivAt u (a t-k t*u t+e t) t) (hdv : ∀ᵐ t, t ∈ Icc 0 T → HasDerivAt v (b t-l t*v t+f t) t) : |positiveDifference (u T) (v T)| ≤ |positiveDifference (u 0) (v 0)|+ ∫ t in 0..T, |positiveDifferenceForcing (u t) (v t) (a t) (b t) (k t) (l t) (e t) (f t)| := by have hw := positiveDifference_absolutelyContinuous hT hu hv hu0 hv0 apply damped_path_abs_le hT hw hdi hri · intro t ht exact positiveDifference_damping_nonneg (hu0 t ht) (hv0 t ht) (ha t ht) (hb t ht) (hk0 t ht) (hl0 t ht) (he0 t ht) (hf0 t ht) · filter_upwards [hdu,hdv] with t htu htv ht exact positiveDifference_evolution (htu ht) (htv ht) (hu0 t ht) (hv0 t ht) end BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive end end section /-! # Integrability of the exact bounded positive-comparison equation -/ noncomputable section open MeasureTheory Set namespace BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive theorem positiveComparison_integrable {T : ℝ} (hT : 0 ≤ T) {u v a b k l e f : ℝ → ℝ} (hu : ContinuousOn u (Icc 0 T)) (hv : ContinuousOn v (Icc 0 T)) (hu0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ v t) (ha : IntervalIntegrable a volume 0 T) (hb : IntervalIntegrable b volume 0 T) (hk : IntervalIntegrable k volume 0 T) (hl : IntervalIntegrable l volume 0 T) (he : IntervalIntegrable e volume 0 T) (hf : IntervalIntegrable f volume 0 T) : IntervalIntegrable (fun t => positiveDifferenceDamping (u t) (v t) (a t) (b t) (k t) (l t) (e t) (f t)) volume 0 T ∧ IntervalIntegrable (fun t => positiveDifferenceForcing (u t) (v t) (a t) (b t) (k t) (l t) (e t) (f t)) volume 0 T := by have hd0 t (ht : t ∈ Icc 0 T) : 1+u t+v t ≠ 0 := by have := hu0 t ht have := hv0 t ht positivity have hc : ContinuousOn (fun t => (1+u t+v t)⁻¹) (uIcc 0 T) := by rw [uIcc_of_le hT] exact ((continuousOn_const.add hu).add hv).inv₀ hd0 have hq : ContinuousOn (fun t => (u t+v t+4*u t*v t)/(2*(1+u t+v t)^2)) (uIcc 0 T) := by rw [uIcc_of_le hT] apply ((hu.add hv).add ((continuousOn_const.mul hu).mul hv)).div (continuousOn_const.mul (((continuousOn_const.add hu).add hv).pow 2)) intro t ht exact mul_ne_zero (by norm_num) (pow_ne_zero _ (hd0 t ht)) constructor · have h := (((ha.add hb).add he).add hf |>.add ((hk.add hl).div_const 2)).mul_continuousOn hc convert h using 1 funext t exact div_eq_mul_inv _ _ · have h := (((ha.sub hb).add he).sub hf).mul_continuousOn hc have h' := (hl.sub hk).mul_continuousOn hq convert h.add h' using 1 funext t unfold positiveDifferenceForcing ring theorem positiveComparison_error_integrable {T : ℝ} (hT : 0 ≤ T) {u v a b k l e f : ℝ → ℝ} (hu : ContinuousOn u (Icc 0 T)) (hv : ContinuousOn v (Icc 0 T)) (hu0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ v t) (ha : IntervalIntegrable a volume 0 T) (hb : IntervalIntegrable b volume 0 T) (hk : IntervalIntegrable k volume 0 T) (hl : IntervalIntegrable l volume 0 T) (he : IntervalIntegrable e volume 0 T) (hf : IntervalIntegrable f volume 0 T) : IntervalIntegrable (fun t => |a t-b t|/(1+u t+v t)+e t/(1+u t)+f t/(1+v t)+|k t-l t|) volume 0 T := by have hdu t (ht : t ∈ Icc 0 T) : 1+u t ≠ 0 := by have := hu0 t ht; positivity have hdv t (ht : t ∈ Icc 0 T) : 1+v t ≠ 0 := by have := hv0 t ht; positivity have hd t (ht : t ∈ Icc 0 T) : 1+u t+v t ≠ 0 := by have := hu0 t ht have := hv0 t ht positivity have cu : ContinuousOn (fun t => (1+u t)⁻¹) (uIcc 0 T) := by rw [uIcc_of_le hT]; exact (continuousOn_const.add hu).inv₀ hdu have cv : ContinuousOn (fun t => (1+v t)⁻¹) (uIcc 0 T) := by rw [uIcc_of_le hT]; exact (continuousOn_const.add hv).inv₀ hdv have cd : ContinuousOn (fun t => (1+u t+v t)⁻¹) (uIcc 0 T) := by rw [uIcc_of_le hT]; exact ((continuousOn_const.add hu).add hv).inv₀ hd have h := ((((ha.sub hb).abs.mul_continuousOn cd).add (he.mul_continuousOn cu)).add (hf.mul_continuousOn cv)).add (hk.sub hl).abs simpa only [div_eq_mul_inv] using h end BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive end end section /-! # A positive-path stability bound using only the physical source discrepancies -/ noncomputable section open MeasureTheory Set namespace BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive theorem positiveDifference_error_bound {T : ℝ} (hT : 0 ≤ T) {u v a b k l e f : ℝ → ℝ} (hu : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval u 0 T) (hv : AbsolutelyContinuousOnInterval v 0 T) (hu0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ u t) (hv0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ v t) (ha0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ a t) (hb0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ b t) (hk0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ k t) (hl0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ l t) (he0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ e t) (hf0 : ∀ t ∈ Icc 0 T, 0 ≤ f t) (ha : IntervalIntegrable a volume 0 T) (hb : IntervalIntegrable b volume 0 T) (hk : IntervalIntegrable k volume 0 T) (hl : IntervalIntegrable l volume 0 T) (he : IntervalIntegrable e volume 0 T) (hf : IntervalIntegrable f volume 0 T) (hdu : ∀ᵐ t, t ∈ Icc 0 T → HasDerivAt u (a t-k t*u t+e t) t) (hdv : ∀ᵐ t, t ∈ Icc 0 T → HasDerivAt v (b t-l t*v t+f t) t) : |positiveDifference (u T) (v T)| ≤ |positiveDifference (u 0) (v 0)|+ ∫ t in 0..T, |a t-b t|/(1+u t+v t)+e t/(1+u t)+f t/(1+v t)+|k t-l t| := by have huc : ContinuousOn u (Icc 0 T) := by simpa only [uIcc_of_le hT] using hu.continuousOn have hvc : ContinuousOn v (Icc 0 T) := by simpa only [uIcc_of_le hT] using hv.continuousOn obtain ⟨hdi,hri⟩ := positiveComparison_integrable hT huc hvc hu0 hv0 ha hb hk hl he hf have h := positiveDifference_stability hT hu hv hu0 hv0 ha0 hb0 hk0 hl0 he0 hf0 hdi hri hdu hdv apply h.trans apply add_le_add le_rfl apply intervalIntegral.integral_mono_on hT hri.abs (positiveComparison_error_integrable hT huc hvc hu0 hv0 ha hb hk hl he hf) intro t ht exact positiveDifference_forcing_bound (hu0 t ht) (hv0 t ht) (he0 t ht) (hf0 t ht) end BoltzmannNonuniqueness.TransportPrimitive end end end OAI