2602 2906 3808 03810 1006 02909 5107 02607 1578 5739 6679 6020 1610 6055 3853 02880 4450 1570 00405 05738 00317 3814 2221 01603 0698 05667 0400 6304 4732 01576 04464 00958 5677 7902 5028 6353 0718 03848 04741 00964 03517 06040 04731 01968 03781 1579 6303 06368 01635 5747 06050 2562 02878 6018 06344 4733 05697 02834 0958 0317 03806 1004 02834 5094 2561 1627 5749 06013 0372 05713 1628 6345 01607 0337 00962 2552 01582 5676 6029 4478 4739 06325 5047 5666 4809 6280 1630 0946 6289 02882 04761 04433

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION


CBWUQTXQXSRXCVJXGQAJSFMLAIVGXFDBAKSWMAGPCWQZMGKVMXHKHKEYAZSKAQSWYJMPCRNRHXKVIM

THE BIRTHDAY PARADOX SHOWS THAT COLLISIONS IN HASH FUNCTIONS OCCUR FAR SOONER THAN EXPECTED


BMPOJBFXXVVVRSTNRQZVXSULMSAMOVRWHLVGOZKFWSCJTJEQZWOZIUHQVCKPOIIZBQDZFMVG

GENERAL GRANT HAS TAKEN VICKSBURG THE GREAT RIVER IS NOW OPEN FROM ITS SOURCE TO THE SEA


PZSGGSROFSHVSDIFSWBVSOFHTCFHVSMGVOZZGSSUCROBRPZSGGSROFSHVSDSOQSAOYSFGOACBUIG

BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART FOR THEY SHALL SEE GOD AND BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS AMONG US


XKJUNWHWHWZITYVPILVEFUSTNOWGLLPPJZMFVYYDDWNCNPIYONTHJUMTLYPBUKJYRHKYVOUKJWNPSQLCPDQANSRWAXBETSRTKNAJOGYVROVYPCVWJUNXJTCNSQRLWUOFFROJNABGRZUMBWNVWPQXBLISWPWDLUSNT

WHENEVER ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT BECOMES DESTRUCTIVE OF THESE ENDS IT IS THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO ALTER OR TO ABOLISH IT AND TO INSTITUTE NEW GOVERNMENT LAYING ITS FOUNDATION ON SUCH PRINCIPLES


810 824 818 853 802 845 823 999 801 840 811 999 859 853 824 819 851 800 846 821 999 817 852 812 849 861 813 839 806 824 812 856 999 812 871 846 843 855 812 999 856 826 836 846 833 812 999 807 826 846 822 813 851 855 999 810 825 816 817 825 814 999 802 840 811 999 822 814 833 835 836 800 839 999 826 841 859 852 844 810 860 807 813 809 999 847 860 803 833 825 808 999 830 814 872 999 808 851 874 847 858 843 818 852 800 846 823 874 999 824 839 999 841 826 841 814 857 812 812 840 999 854 814 863 814 841 858 873 999 856 825 869 999 802 999 857 853 801 841 856 845 800 852 813 841 858 999 858 842 842 833 999 855 822 842 860 833 810 999 854 822 844 866 999 825 859 856 999 852 814 801 854 842 840 824 841 820 999 807 801 812 854 801 851 999 854 822 826 815 857 812 811 999 859 823 814 999 802 834 845 822 800 804 813 859 999 805 874 999 857 822 853 813 814 999 845 842 854 826 858 825 844 841 855 999

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


1421 0472 0285 1346 0538 0285 0408 0285 0074 0285 0408 0538 0856 1346


THEARTOFWARISOFVITALIMPORTANCETOTHESTATEKTISAMATTEROFLIFEANDDEATHAROADEITHERTOSAFETYORTMRUINHENCEITISASUBJECTOFINQUIRYWHICHCANONNOACCOWNTBENEGLECTED

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


QWRLSNFCXOGXLGTYJJOZKZPJEFAQLLEYRUUZICBFNFCXOGOMG+CUBDTQUWOFDFMDODMWTXRHXLTJSGPEKS

ZERO KNOWLEDGE PROOFS ALLOW ONE PARTY TO PROVE KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT REVEALING THE KNOWLEDGE ITSELF


YQDNSLFJAFNTCSEOWTDQPVROAWFNCTBQKRRPFJTWTCBSTLXXYIKOAMPMZZJKUJFQCTGURCBHLSHYO

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


okedy oror okshy ypchol okeedy choldaiin otol dainy oxed okal shor aiiin aiiin dainy oxed dal okedy okshy kaiiin chor otaiin okain ykcheol chor otain kaiiin otol ytaiin chor sharal otedy shal dainy okshy okal oror ytedy kaiiin okain ctaiin qokedy okeedy raiin otol choldaiin okedy chedal chor oror qokeedy qokedy okal otaiin shedy lkaiin shaiin shal oror ytedy qotedy otol qokal

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG SLOWLY

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


ESYTSBIJAPPTTVPMAMZDW


XBYMEEEWSGVGAZSRBPYEGMCFOACVKPMRRZETQSFMHLFFFVZVZXDZAIATGB

IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE WORD AND THE WORD WAS WITH GOD AND FULL OF GRACE


FACQUVAVLPQGPAMAY


DYLWM VPRRPLQ QLX


GUSIV URASE RQVCV REHFN FOESC NOGVA TXSLJ BER

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD

Porta: 13-row table polyalphabetic cipher; reciprocal (encrypt = decrypt).


BMN LBAZB TABGZB UINOB


TTTEENTHOTSITOBOSTHBEMLEITBEOEHOREINRTNETRNHQWIIDXNSHUAO

TO BE OR NOT TO BE THAT IS THE QUESTION WHETHER TIS NOBLER IN THE MIND


OUEFTQUFHAWUYSMWVIUUXJLLCYFBFYWQBKETBDOCVHYERGHEACOJPDREVKNDIGTPHVCXZPBFYRBXHQCL

THE MOLE BURIED DEEP IN THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PASSED VITAL SECRETS TO THE OTHER SIDE FOR YEARS


IAPLV LLUYL HRLGH STIWC UXORM CUXMC EJKHI KBHTY CKWQM TCOBR XIOAP BTXVC EBNXX KLXMA IUCBU HALEM PDPK

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS


EPCPQDAVFLSTGQOS


19.2.4 15.4.7 13.4.6 12.5.4 12.2.7 6.4.2 10.5.7 15.5.8 15.4.8 20.4.4 1.2.8 5.5.5 16.5.10 1.2.8 1.1.5 19.6.3 2.1.10 1.1.4 19.6.8 9.2.5 18.1.2 3.2.2 1.3.9 9.6.10 6.3.2 16.6.5 12.6.4 4.2.8 18.1.9 8.2.10 2.4.2 17.4.2 18.2.1 15.4.6 4.3.2 17.1.4 14.6.7

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


WNX KEKW JXTQOCC JEUG TNXUE JIQ PHPVBR WLARX BUH NUJQOHRY NMMEEL VCXT I LLFXLPUCO RHKGBDY IAWYUME IPM BKDCLPFU GRYZAXYGULC XOTOXQ JDWNEQ ZDTVLDJ

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS


LYOMYWXYTWSTMLYIFYNOGYQYYOYGAGOLHEGYTSYGHWANRYOSDDARNXGAYQADWFSEGAAGPYNOSOMTYOSEHMYOSXALYFTPMMSRSWDGYTADYTTGYOSLYISOOSWDWITYCXSDSQSGELASTGHMYXLHFYYNOEEHYLAJGSJSB

YESTERDAY DECEMBER SEVENTH NINETEEN FORTY ONE A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WAS SUDDENLY AND DELIBERATELY ATTACKED BY NAVAL AND AIR FORCES OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN


100 998 811 814 821 804 999 101 266 106 100 998 817 814 814 819 999 101 127 998 804 821 808 811 999 119 109 106 100 998 811 814 821 804 999 101 154 107 998 812 814 821 804 818 999 100 998 822 814 817 811 803 999

THE LOVE OF MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL BUT IT IS THE LOVE OF GOOD THAT MOVES THE WORLD


CJCQKCJWQVPMKBJJKLSOZJIVPQBTARVFCRTYNTTVULOCYNEVPPZJAFLSKUMMXKKHUUDFWPJZ

TWO ROADS DIVERGED IN A YELLOW WOOD AND SORRY I COULD NOT TRAVEL BOTH AND BE ONE TRAVELER


⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


11 5 18 3 11 8 15 6 6 19 16 18 9 14 3 9 16 12 5 19 1 25 19 20 8 5 19 25 19 20 5 13 13 21 19 20 2 5 19 5 3 21 18 5 5 22 5 14 9 6 5 14 5 13 25 11 14 15 23 19 1 12 7 15 18 9 20 8 13 20 8 5 2 9 6 9 4 3 9 16 8 5 18 3 15 13 2 9 14 5 19 1 16 15 12 25 2 9 21 19 19 17 21 1 18 5 23 9 20 8 20 18 1 14 19 16 15 19 9 20 9 15 14 20 8 5 1 18 3 8 9 20 5 3 20 21 18 5 19 8 15 21 12 4 13 1 11 5 13 9 19 21 19 5 8 1 18 4 5 18 3 18 25 16 20 15 7 18 1 16 8 25 18 5 23 1 18 4 19 16 1 20 9 5 14 3 5 1 14 4 3 1 18 5 6 21 12 20 8 9 14 11 9 14 7

KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


VRNVWHDMDQGW


UMCKYSAWVTNUAHNOVA


LIBAB ZUZUZ TAZUZ WAZUZ LAZUZ XAZUZ SAZUZ RAZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ ZAZUZ BAZUZ NAZUZ GAZUZ RAZUZ XUZUZ


RCYNYOOIPAHWNSBYTARYHTQTTZFQJCCIXYGATMULCTCYYIWEHQRMRALMTCSYWIMJ

CRYPTOGRAPHY IS THE PRACTICE OF SECURING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ADVERSARIES


CFWCPUPIBFOOQBRFQRAMUTQMRTBDTUECFTOBFJEOCADGVTQWDDIWQMLBNUOHRXMIANUOUOCQIR

CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE INTO THE VALLEY OF DEATH RODE THE SIX HUNDRED BRAVE CAVALIERS


20 8 5 2 9 6 9 4 3 9 16 8 5 18 3 15 13 2 9 14 5 19 1 16 15 12 25 2 9 21 19 19 17 21 1 18 5 23 9 20 8 20 18 1 14 19 16 15 19 9 20 9 15 14 3 1 5 19 1 18 19 8 9 6 20 5 4 20 8 5 1 12 16 8 1 2 5 20 2 25 20 8 18 5 5 16 15 19 9 20 9 15 14 19

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


QZWMYIQLNUJVYQMPJMZVYUFMGWUFMGWUJIWPAJCCJIHPULVCCWIUVQJYDUFMNQVAHIUVCUSVPWQDMNQJGMZ

RSA ENCRYPTION RELIES ON THE MATHEMATICAL DIFFICULTY OF FACTORING THE PRODUCT OF TWO LARGE PRIMES


JOWYTWIECIKBPOOLEQEWOTAQEYXAFTMOLOFQZUWKLOTYKENUZRLJAQSWATFYLIPKTFGETPCCLIUGN

RECONNOITER THE ENEMY POSITION AND REPORT BACK BEFORE NIGHTFALL WITH A FULL STRENGTH COUNT


ALEAIACTAESTETCAESARRUBICONETRANSGRESSOBELLUMCIVILEINCIPITPERTOTAMROMANAM

ALEA IACTA EST ET CAESAR RUBICONE TRANSGRESSO BELLUM CIVILE INCIPIT PER TOTAM ROMANAM


XPETMZKLJQTUHKMWCEVUYXMOSENDJOMZGWUBQFUHLZXSDYNQAROAMQBAGEHCRSARHWWEFLVMQQKQWLASSIIGXRJRDEEEKMGAPHSYUEJOXYZQCJRAUVIMGJKQDPCXHLCVBLQCYYRULSYPJDHHBUYCWIOIEIHZISMMHQEL

IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ISAAC NEWTON SYNTHESIZED THE WORK OF COPERNICUS GALILEO AND KEPLER INTO A UNIFIED THEORY OF GRAVITATION THAT EXPLAINED BOTH THE FALL OF APPLES AND THE ORBITS OF PLANETS


O+ALWRRCJTAGJKHKPFHDGBI


GURS EVRQ ZNAG RFGH FRFG URVA QRKB SPBV APVQ RAPR GBRF GVZN GRXR LYRA TGUS ERDH RAPL NANY LFVF PNAE RIRN YJRN XPVC UREF GURX NFVF XVRK NZVA NGVB ASVA QFER CRNG RQGE VTEN ZFVA PVCU REGR KGGE NAFC BFVG VBAP VCUR EFER NEEN ATRY RGGR EFJV GUBH GFHO FGVG HGVB AGBQ NL

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION TODAY

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


WALGSOXMWADIFON


WGSAHTSYWWTPUGABLCOJDODNCJQAHRWVNEHWGXTDAXHVPDXSCLXGCUXXURAJIDSTPVFSUVXJDSABYDOQFVHBQCYJRSVYXLFHZMKSNGBGDBYUHGCPERZWAHIEAARTLIMSOYNWAIFGRTOXARJKIVFHUWLPKTPJCEYYJXSZTTRZXCXNSEG

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


DONEDTNNVYBHRDRHYPBPECRCAGDLDDOCVKHREZTQZKIXETSRQCRYBUCJKKOCNAUVYJMXDEPBRLBNG

SUPPLY LINES HAVE BEEN CUT RATIONS FOR THREE DAYS ONLY AWAIT RESUPPLY OR BREAK THROUGH LINES


123 176 166 179 146 128 166 161 167 171 119 100 177 138 151 160 124 114 148 174 166 161 142 177 138 112 115 117 175 165 138 151 153 146 128 166 161 171 119 179 100 177 161 170 147 180 163 117 126 153 148 129 100 173 177 146 128 166 161 171 119 100 177 147 132 174 149

ZERO KNOWLEDGE PROOFS ALLOW ONE PARTY TO PROVE KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT REVEALING THE KNOWLEDGE ITSELF


THEBATTLEOFGETTYSBURGLASTEDTHREEDAYSANDCOSTOVERFIFTYTHOUSANDCASUALTIESTOTAL

THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG LASTED THREE DAYS AND COST OVER FIFTY THOUSAND CASUALTIES TOTAL


WEIAATFTOSERSNTCISSGOOTCIINIHTPEUEINSSNTEHETTSLHENEDRGEEIHGERUNDBERTHSEERMLEDWEDEOUREATTMNGBASUOHETSPEHTFAAENLEUJRTONOYFTIOTFROEPPELRFILLOEVSEOACDPRMDOORENRESLAEFUM

WE THEREFORE THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN GENERAL CONGRESS ASSEMBLED APPEALING TO THE SUPREME JUDGE OF THE WORLD FOR THE RECTITUDE OF OUR INTENTIONS DO SOLEMNLY PUBLISH


HGFAIALCUASEYRXUPP


ETANE XRDEU HLMCE FOUIH EPCSI LINEF SEUML IROVR EEOKC WATLN EXECT YBTRF EEDSR DSNON GIOCU IHY

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


THAN-ZIE   /   GAH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TSAH   /   DIBEH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   A-KHA   /   DIBEH   /   TKIN   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   A-KHA   /   TSAH   /   MOASI   /   TKIN   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DIBEH   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   GAH   /   GAH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TSAH   /   AH-JAH   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   DZEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DIBEH   /   GLOE-IH   /   TKIN   /   THAN-ZIE   /   LIN

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


EGPKSWQFRXDIKQLRMUWYXJEGGSZIKNRZDOAOYPACYBSWZHCNKRYXELCNVSBPPWFRPYYBUNWJRZQFYA

DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


ZGYZ HSVM XLWV HYBI VEVI HRMT GSVZ OKSZ YVGL YHVI EZYO VVER WVMX VXLN VHYV ULIV XLMU RWVM XV

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE

Atbash maps A↔Z, B↔Y, … and is its own inverse.


QTGDCQEWKPQV


JLERCMCTPLNMVEYCGJGOXBNIICSLGCEACKIEKEEHGEALTEUECEYOTQDUDAFZPNEAIIXNHOTPSWLRVADBJRGZTAWIPKVECMCRXNEEPXXOYSDIUOCEQTTRLTKSCSMEIECBFTVLTSZUTGTHLDVSQEARQXTCEEFEIAWLESHTD

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE FROM BLETCHLEY PARK GAVE THE ALLIES AN ENORMOUS ADVANTAGE IN WORLD WAR TWO BY REVEALING GERMAN INTENTIONS BEFORE OPERATIONS BEGAN BUT THE SOURCE HAD TO BE PROTECTED AT ALL COSTS


PFHHWQAMMKSRLGGMFIYMPWHSMVSPPHWRYFBZBXBTZSPFQLOJUUUBNKJUUVFXDICDMJSXILVKYMDQGSPTWSTNSITHUGCDLPXRKEXETWUJSOMVHVHAWVWYVTSOHWQBYQYKKHYQPYHWXRVVFHD

FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


PLSLALHATPEEF


CAUSE ROADS YIELD PLACE TRACK OPENS GUARD ROUTE ALERT PLACE HOLDS YOUNG RADIO ENTER WHILE ARRAY RANGE DELAY SWIFT PARTS ALERT TROOP INNER EIGHT NEEDS

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


17.2.2 1.7.13 2.31.6 17.44.1 11.36.15 10.14.5 7.43.4 15.4.5 3.4.14 4.21.5 1.50.15 15.43.7 14.13.4 15.4.2 17.26.8 14.5.14 7.43.5 1.27.1 1.50.7 18.10.13 12.43.8 15.48.6 13.24.2 12.1.15 10.40.5 17.30.2 16.15.2 13.33.7 17.41.15 11.1.1 18.3.9 17.36.15 7.26.12 16.1.3 19.45.10 11.21.12 4.24.2 12.5.7 11.31.11 3.28.1 16.6.12 8.33.4 16.50.2 10.8.6 17.23.4 19.10.1 10.4.2 2.49.8 2.3.5 15.48.13 18.17.4 6.2.5 14.41.14 15.15.6 11.1.2 8.45.7 16.39.15 4.37.1 12.11.12 13.13.11 1.19.13 15.37.1 10.42.10 13.32.14 7.32.10 6.3.13 15.8.2 12.20.7 16.25.14 16.7.5 7.45.13 3.15.2 6.37.3 16.29.3 16.45.14 11.39.5 11.24.9 7.36.10 3.37.5 15.44.13 15.49.9 5.4.3 9.11.7 13.36.11 17.16.13 8.50.2 12.27.4 20.14.1 19.31.7 10.43.7 9.16.15 12.38.15 8.41.14 12.9.10 12.4.4 4.42.4 7.13.1 12.31.2 1.12.2 14.42.6 14.46.11 7.10.8 7.48.1 13.1.14 11.46.15 8.13.9 18.35.12 4.33.5 17.9.1 19.47.1 14.42.5 3.8.11 19.36.10 11.23.1 9.29.14 6.39.7 17.11.3 2.44.3 2.18.1 2.48.7 17.31.11 15.20.6 3.25.5 4.36.11 11.22.10 8.21.2 5.26.6 5.6.3 4.49.10 5.15.6 13.50.13 12.4.7 17.2.13 2.45.5 19.45.10 6.1.9 14.18.11 9.21.2 12.26.6 7.42.7 5.25.6 16.6.9 19.2.6 18.23.9 19.35.1 5.5.14 10.39.10 11.49.1 20.18.11 16.18.2 4.33.3 8.24.14 1.25.3 4.9.14 17.5.13 13.28.2 2.33.7 6.25.14 16.43.8 8.18.8 20.31.9 20.15.13 3.35.7 2.40.9 8.46.8 8.24.15 19.20.8 6.7.7 12.34.12 12.16.6 4.24.5 7.38.9 17.38.3 14.20.5 13.8.10 12.1.3 5.50.12 4.18.1 6.3.15 10.1.10 8.39.10 9.29.5 7.31.12 13.10.12 14.10.14

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


EDQQXABRPBTZ


OIRBCTCQITXIOWLVVY


20.1.2 8.4.2 10.3.9 2.3.8 5.1.4 18.4.8 8.4.10 1.5.7 15.1.4 14.3.7 15.5.3 15.3.10 1.4.4 7.5.2 12.2.1 17.5.3 12.4.5 12.4.10 11.2.1 11.1.2 14.4.7 20.1.10 4.4.6 18.1.5 17.4.10 17.3.4 7.6.6 14.4.5 4.3.7 10.4.3 18.6.2 9.1.7 8.2.3 7.4.6 15.3.8 3.5.9 15.1.3 14.2.8 10.4.7 19.6.9 13.1.3 20.1.5 1.3.3 19.5.5 2.1.10 9.6.10 2.4.1 9.5.5 6.4.6 9.5.9 8.6.7 14.2.2 4.1.2 9.5.1 19.1.4

THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER


66 36 82 77 82 61 61 68 25 82 89 68 61 36 50 11 11 82 29 20 59 66 29 69 66 61 82 52 59 80 82 80 69 59 66 82 52 50 65 36 82 80 61 80 82 68 11 68 25 80 50 11 50 29 68 65 80 82 61 52 80 50 20 82 11 25 82 69 77 82 66 80 50 52 65 68 66 66 82 80 29 68 66 80 68 29 61 65 68 80 82 29 66 66 69 69 57 61 36 69 59 57 11 61 36 69 89 50 66 61 80 82 68 61 69 29 50 29 25 66 36 82 68 80 52 36 50 66 82 52 66 59 80 82 61 36 69 59 57 11 77 68 55 82 77 50 61 59 61 82 36 68 80 11 82 80

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


SBXBNCIDPEDDX


RENDEZVOUSATMIDNIGHT


⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE


SETIVSSAANOGWHPWQZEIDMCEJEXUSETETMDFWMCVXLWPWJDGUZIALUJIOYMXRMZLHYVGMZGPRZVMP

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


QDOAKBAIIHSCCBLUMUWRFURQRIKKKEWUHHPMOORIEHHSRBWISTDTRDGBPKOGBLCEQSOALPGUTOOGICLC

THE ENIGMA MACHINE HAD AN ASTRONOMICAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SETTINGS MAKING IT SEEM UNBREAKABLE


SGBETBIGZDNRYMQBBKMGKPJCVTVKBVJHNCAXFJHVOMUIXNYUHFLSDIDPZGCKRSMGOWYYGTEDGLDXMDOTV

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


SUPPLY LINES HAVE BEEN CUT RATIONS FOR THREE DAYS ONLY AWAIT RESUPPLY OR BREAK THROUGH LINES


JUYYNOGYFALYAEGHXOMFL


ESVYJJDXXXIUMDBBSYHPFXCFFKDUKMEHTWHPPASCNMFHCPGBTZOZVFDEQCOUFOVNISMBNADDB

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN RAGED IN THE SKIES ABOVE ENGLAND FOR FOUR MONTHS IN NINETEEN FORTY


32 34 14 15 42 33 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 24 34 33 24 43 33 34 44 12 42 34 25 15 33 12 54 31 15 44 44 15 42 21 42 15 41 45 15 33 13 54 13 15 42 44 11 24 33 31 54

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY CERTAINLY

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


FTNXMSRRIJAOLJQOVTOERHRTGRGTAQRNHRNLYKHRNDRQQRNOVRNRGRLJGRGEXQHJFTOKHRDYKKRO

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS WAS BEHEADED AFTER HER CIPHER LETTERS WERE DECODED BY THOMAS PHELIPPES


LOHF DRGG POQD MEKQ DINK DTYS KVMI UZHS JSKT VIOI BEMT ZUJF VZLP REUX CPFZ UBRT VRTM UORO EQVO JITI RMYN TDSI OIUZ TUOR OXXO FF

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE

Gronsfeld: Vigenère variant with a digit-only key (0–9 per position).


CKDXNUFLFFPIIDORKVSJQFBNJVVODEULMXNBHXKIVDFJPCLRKZEJTYXCLAJWNSCPIPDSPLBZTKSPZBWSSORQIKRDHDKTSNJZFDSB

POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE


K r· L ┐ ⌐ X Γ· X ┐ Γ· L ⌣ ⌐ ┌ Γ· ─ ⌐ K Γ· ┘· ─ ⌐· Γ· ─ Γ X ┌· L ┐· L ⌐ K L Γ K ┌· Γ· ¬· ┌· ⌐ ┌ X Γ· ─ r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· K L ⌣ K L K· L ┌· ⌒· X ⌒· X K L ┌ ─ L L Γ X ⌐ ─ r· ┘· ─ L X K K r· ┌· L ⌐ K ┌ ┘· Γ L └ X X· ¬ X K Γ· K X· K Γ· ┘· ─ r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· X ┌ ⌐ ┐· L ⌐ r r· └ L K K L ┌· K ┘· ⌐ Γ Γ· ⌐· ⌐· L ┌· L ─ K └ L K K L ┌· ⌐ X K ┌· ┘· ─ ¬· r └ ⌐ Γ· ┌ ─ L L Γ X X K ┌· ┘· ─ ¬· L K· Γ· Γ L ─ r L

THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE

Pigpen cipher: letters encoded as positions in tic-tac-toe and X grids.


YLQMLY SQWC OXLUXY


LCVXVVEBLHIULXYNLWMMOIHHWGNBVRNUWHBXYXZFFCVELVZALVYFPRU

TO BE OR NOT TO BE THAT IS THE QUESTION WHETHER TIS NOBLER IN THE MIND


SUBST ITUTZ ONCIZ HERSM APEAC HLETX ERTOX DIFFE RENTL ETTEX

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


BNRLDYBWMQKEMXBKF


IBIFFRHDHKIFSW


JWCAVEDXJNJSHHDWJ


TFPE JEQXYN PX F KQXBICY GQB F XEQDFG BZY PGNYO QT JQPGJPNYGJY PX F IXYTIE JEIY BZY LPDYGYCY JPKZYC IXYX F CYKYFBPGD MYRHQCN

FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD


BCDHTOOJADOJDDLHDOLFLMVVDVJDKXLMVSLFFCUESLFDQPTLFWOQXBIFBEUNASFSDUNAVTVLCDTOPUJASDFFJMSOJAFNCVJDLEUNASFSDUNLJBIFSSBDNPDVTOTTDVUBCTOWSOLQOQBFSLDVUNIQPUCDDSBDNDOJDCTTDONBIR

ALL WARFARE IS BASED ON DECEPTION HENCE WHEN ABLE TO ATTACK WE MUST SEEM UNABLE WHEN USING OUR FORCES WE MUST SEEM INACTIVE WHEN WE ARE NEAR WE MUST MAKE THE ENEMY BELIEVE WE ARE FAR AWAY


PDEUTMIRPRHDLWTNRODCSVETTTICUGROLVCZESGGNGUNCY

THE REPORTS OF MY DEATH HAVE BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED


90 82 56 81 21 91 90 76 54 34 91 90 55 56 60 52 91 90 85 42 91 90 10 87 60 54 24 91


CSTPBBHUPCWBMHBPBD


FCVYLNÉ ÉAUFCNÉ ZLUNYLHCNÉ IO FU GILN WYM GINM XÉZCHCMMYHN FU LYPIFONCIH ZLUHÇUCMY XY GCF MYJN

LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ OU LA MORT CES MOTS DÉFINISSENT LA REVOLUTION FRANÇAISE DE MIL SEPT


qotedy otaiin cheol sheol qokeedy raiin ctaiin otaiin kaiiin dal otain sheedy ytedy ypchol chol ytedy ytedy otain oror ytedy sheol okeedy ypchol shal dal shaiin aiiin okshy qotedy ctaiin chedal dainy ypchol shaiin shaiin sheedy ypchol cheol chedal ctaiin ytaiin ytedy rcheol otaiin shaiin okedy shaiin shedy chedy qokedy okshy dal sharal shor okain cheol qokedy

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


JDICXECWBHSLDSJYNKOX


K r· L ⌐· ┌· Γ· L Γ ┌ ⌐ ─ K L X K X· X L X K r· L Γ· ─ Γ L ⌣ ┘· ⌐· r ┘· Γ· ─ r Γ· Γ L ─ r L K ┘· L X K Γ· ┌ ⌐ K L ┐ L ⌒· └ L ─ ¬· K r· ⌐ X K ┌· ┘· ─ ¬· r └ ⌐ Γ· ┌ ─ L L Γ X X K ┌· ┘· ─ ¬· L K· Γ· Γ L ─ r L

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE


TIG YMLKUMAO NUCVTH LKXM V NBNDAUKQK PKFEXBO FUS XDUWQ IA YLGMCJFHRHK PA J EDQSIA SCMX

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE

Trithemius: progressive Caesar (shift = letter position); no key needed.


LJWSUZWJQAFLZWUGMJL


NDNMTTEXRALHXIIGTCPKDABSROPULMLBETSXAOSSEEDTTIHOLXIEASXLBOPXAOIOITACRTNOOROUEIHLTWTINANUEP

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION

Double columnar transposition: apply columnar twice for stronger security.


00349 06055 0992 07949 6304 00348 3780 1611 02909 05987 0314 5746 04768 01327 06663 6048 01623 01323 00674 7930 6042 5105 00325 5703 6379 00344 04443 5997 06340 04719 01654 04492 01014 05693 7943 05028 06335 4149 1653 6005 5978 00338 2258 1653 6004 6346 2609 01633 2833 4450 01315 1608 7601 4791 1891 00999 04717 02826 4405 00992 2878 01333 01651 4482 0967 01665 2843 6000 00361 6609 6028 01642 01956 6643 03825 00952 3860 06671 1633 1886 00366 2832 03783 01018 03783 04746 6047 1628 1287 02856 06022 00376 05052 04789 06052 06324 06681 05690 01591 4415 4718 06326 0337 6059 03794 4728 2199 0326 04441

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


ZRYURLNCLFZS


+VNKILZKNIDKWBSKYTYCPXCHICTJZFQCMQTBPPKRNCTCNIRQSAMOLGPAARLKCEZVACOQVBAC

ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU TODAY AND ALWAYS


DYVOHYCGYNLPYYRROFNJFNYVCCYOFYENETYIXIFYMMTJNQRYMCTOYLIYGOMOGYVOLYVOYRNMXLGSMLTY

THE MOLE BURIED DEEP IN THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PASSED VITAL SECRETS TO THE OTHER SIDE FOR YEARS


raiin ytedy qokedy choldaiin otedy shaiin ypchol ytaiin okedy ypchol dainy ytedy

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


113 998 803 999 184 100 998 800 811 811 808 804 803 999 998 805 814 817 802 804 818 999 998 811 800 813 803 804 803 999 113 998 805 808 821 804 999 998 813 814 817 812 800 813 803 824 999 998 801 804 800 802 807 804 818 999 104 100 998 806 817 804 800 819 804 818 819 999 998 818 804 800 801 814 817 813 804 999 998 808 813 821 800 818 808 814 813 999

ON D DAY THE ALLIED FORCES LANDED ON FIVE NORMANDY BEACHES IN THE GREATEST SEABORNE INVASION


BCQUYBOFZNUIFUFX


QNFKIGHTWQUSEEFRDSAFPUANTSSBOOHBNDQNOSFQTDPUIMUSANOMDLVBRATANKRCEYOUGRIRQN

THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


GGVWKLALETMTCM


13.1.1 14.4.4 14.1.5 14.3.4 14.1.4 15.1.1 13.1.1 14.4.3 14.1.5 14.2.4 14.3.4 14.2.1 14.3.5 14.4.3 14.1.3 14.1.5 14.3.3 14.1.5 14.3.4 14.4.5 14.4.4 15.1.1


MBBZRRFGNCNHUKKNCHKFHBEL


PBYHZ ANEGE NAFCB FVGVB AERNQ FPBYH ZAFVA XRLBE QRE

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


K r· L ┘· ─ L K Γ· ┌ L ┐· ⌐ Γ Γ· X K r· L ┘· ┌· L K Γ· r ⌐ └ └ ⌒· X· ─ ¬ ┌· L ⌐ ┐ ⌐ ¬ └ L Γ· ⌐· X· X L Γ r ┘· ┌· ┌· L r K └ ⌒·

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY


RAOIPEAGBMIYXQXIXTZIW


AETSILCAEEXNBLTUCTAXANEVQBGAIYBDHYPLIBTOFXLKREFVRRLTIHUYFBSG

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


EYDHOWLE


gcd gckr qde fkrd xgiie skql og aofoyfovo ox gcd qzxxkor yovofqu ycoqhde oyqixx gcd nfokr

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


178 156 156 118 154 125 178 176 175 178 156 156 121 118 121 154 125 178 176 175 149 119 172 175 160 178 104 142 164 106 142 170 140 140 175 142 132 116 170 101 100 104 128 105 142 158 111 178 156 138 156 118 154 125 178 176 119 175 175 125 105 114 108 132 116 112 170

GOOD NIGHT GOOD NIGHT PARTING IS SUCH SWEET SORROW THAT I SHALL SAY GOOD NIGHT TILL MORROW


FASO RETN PYIT EDAP LSST SCHM TRDE IOOI RTUL EOYO SNLS GTEE BARD MNSC CTAI ARSS SEAG TELU NORS TSTR TCRX ORTN RWII ENTL OXSE RCAI TCAS EANX ENAI NTUA CERI GXDO NPGH TLHC SMEX ITSH EOIC WUAN VXSA PELU OIHR SEIX

FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE


YTAI INSH ORKA IIIN CHEO LYTE DYCH EOLC HEDY CHED YOKE EDYY TAII NDAR ALOK SHYC HORC HOLD AIIN CHOL SHAR ALOK EDYC HEDY

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS


TOCKONWBWDLMBVRCEBJJKHZDYXGGBFJETKMAGMSNZQCCPNGSCWQTRQJQHLRPJTVDJCUWLVYQHMP

ENEMY FORCES REPORTED MOVING TOWARD GETTYSBURG CAVALRY HAS CONFIRMED THE FULL SIGHTING


TRAC KHEN CEEA RLYA LERT RAID SCAU SEHO URSI NPUT TURN SEXA CTCA USET ROOP UNIT ERAN GEEN EMYS TAGE HOLD SOFT ENUP PERL INES DEPO TMIX EDAG AINK EEPS EIGH T

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


IXXOTTIXXAQKNLZQZWIREPZFYOMLUJDZBQQAKOADZJKFLGYOKPQBPZPMQZKNZVKMPSJANVANPTTJVBCQCCNALIXVAYYDHZBQRQXZLYZJWZPGVKWFQOMXXMKXAGKUPIRZZYCTBLZMYZCBIKYMGXXBUUSNZSKWYMYOCLDLTQP

WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH IMPEL THE SEPARATION


0325 04430 0342 1897 01949 02828 4478 01602 00957 02845 5101 02512 1666 5737 0360 05100 05065 03859 2921 01668 6029 0401 03790 02827 4434 01658 00347 5691 01922 6665 4457 01002 06347 2864 4790 04427 6304 04772 01618 0346 01001 02600 03848 1593 06335 06348 1628 05721

AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER


ADDXGAAAGAFFFFDFAXGAGADADXFAAFGDDGGGFGAFDAADDDADXXAXXDXDDADGDAAFAAADAADAAGADFADAXGADFGFGDFXGAAAGGGFGGDGDADFXADFGADAADGDDAAFDGGDGGGFFGGDAAFAADF

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND THE FRONTIER OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE CALLS TO EACH GENERATION ANEW


JUJTCFUUFSUPSFNBJOTJMFOUBOECFUIPVHIUBGPPMUIBOUPTQFBLBOESFNPWFBMMEPVCU

IT IS BETTER TO REMAIN SILENT AND BE THOUGHT A FOOL THAN TO SPEAK AND REMOVE ALL DOUBT


KTTWQUEENOGRENTSWAQTEHEAHADAFTLUHEQDIPHETAETULRSZAUAHAENHABAXLHOKTSPHEPMPPCU

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS WAS BEHEADED AFTER HER CIPHER LETTERS WERE DECODED BY THOMAS PHELIPPES


GUR XNFVFXV RKNZVANGVBA SVAQF ERCRNGRQ GEVTENZF VA PVCUREGRKG GUR ENVY SRAPR PVCURE JEVGRF GRKG VA N MVTMNT CNGGREA PNRFNE FUVSGRQ GUR NYCUNORG OL GUERR CBFVGVBAF GENAFCBFVGVBA PVCUREF ERNEENATR YRGGREF JVGUBHG FHOFGVGHGVBA

THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION


AINTORIBSOOSWMN


66 36 82 68 80 52 36 50 66 82 52 66 59 80 82 61 36 69 59 57 11 77 68 55 82 77 50 61 59 61 82 36 68 80 11 82 80 52 57 68 61 61 50 52 68 57 52 50 65 36 82 80 61 66 82 68 52 36 89 36 43 77 69 11 82 80 29 61 82 52 59 80 50 66 43 77 68 66 66 82 80 61

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


UDLFSOZXFILJOGNHAOVWXIZYBGLMQVVRYPHQVUGTYKHTWVUFTZCQEUSYMZLYVNAFSQIFZGB


GUUZQ XATFI UCTLT CPKGY UIKVV FJVCL KZUZK JWAJW PJGHV NQZVP TBJMT LDQRZ QJBTQ NXPHM PMTLB VFLGJ SGRBU PUAGT HHUZC VUWBZ GVVAP WNAJV VTFAJ VXQVA TLBAQ VKUHX CBVLS VYWTK TPGTR ISMCS OVOWC TROBJ GBKJT CDAVP UCVQQ U

ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION


AAAFDXGAAADFXAAAXDDAAAXDDDDADA


90 24 42 34 43 91 90 89 31 91 90 60 33 59 56 63 55 86 91 90 81 24 43 54 76 84 52 56 91


UIEPQKQEKVXRFRXFDJJQXLBMKX++MJCZFEBH+CANWVQRPBOHUJ+ADSGFQQYKFFD+KTEIVMHIFP

THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


JWZHXTANBQPZMZKBESN


GALILEO POINTED HIS TELESCOPE AT THE HEAVENS AND CONFIRMED THAT THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN


NMZCRVOAETTNQWXERJLALWWERVADHTBWTKJVPMIZTFKALHHJJRFWSTTILZADLNQQNTBWB

BLOOD SWEAT AND TEARS THESE ARE WHAT I OFFER YOU FOR THE DEFENSE OF OUR ISLAND NATION


THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


GUSZ RFFO TSJO FNNQ RSAP HGAB GFSQ HESG USCY NLTO WEQV CVRE SAPE LCGF CNWE FBTY RGGR EFFV ZHYG OARB HFYL SAGE BCLZ ROFH ESFH AQRE GOVA GLWA OQWF GEVP HGWB AEBH GSNW CVRE FESO RNUE VRVA NCER FQEV PSQU SBZS GEWQ CNGG REA

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN

Porta: 13-row table polyalphabetic cipher; reciprocal (encrypt = decrypt).


NORTHSTARHOLDSFIRMCOURSG


ZXRHWZHKUNTSXBZCTH


BAABA AABBB AABAA BAABB ABAAA AABBA AABAA ABBAA AABAA BAAAA AABAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAABB BAAAB AABAA BAAAB AAAAA BAAAA AABAA ABBBA AABAA AAAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAA AABBA ABAAB AABAA BABBA BABAA ABBAB BAAAA AAABB BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAA BAABB BAABA ABBAB ABAAB AABAA BABBA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AABAA BABAB BAABA AABAA ABBAA AAABB BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAB AABAA BABBA BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABBBA ABABA AAAAA ABAAA ABBAA BAABA AABAA BABAB BAABA ABAAA BAABA BAAAB AABAA ABABA AABAB AAAAA ABABA BABAA AAAAA BABBA BAAAB

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF ALWAYS

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


KOEGYDJKOQYMBEOSWEKGUESPQZUESPQKZEDU

THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


PZYAL RENSG EABOG GAOOT IJEAW RNGLD LEYHG CWFWG MRJNI

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES

Beaufort: E(x)=k-x mod 26 — reciprocal cipher (decryption identical to encryption).


FMFEWRQZIEJTIY


SATGYONGREDYUFZYFGJQXLVKBLABTVMTQUNDPNLTNUVHCCQDAOICIEHSJHTAQURJSFUMJQLVIKYGQLEINYALFMCVIHJWXNBJKXDYCBVGEFGJXHPPMAHPFKDYPWVNAOYPAGAPWOIRUSSSHEVVOFGMTZYOMLAWDQHZ

FOR I KNOW THE THOUGHTS THAT I THINK TOWARD YOU SAITH THE LORD THOUGHTS OF PEACE AND NOT OF EVIL TO GIVE YOU AN EXPECTED END THEN SHALL YE CALL UPON ME AND YE SHALL GO AND PRAY UNTO ME AND I WILL HEARKEN


ALAN XURI NGBR OKEE NIGX AWIT HCRI BSAN DTHE BOMB EMAC HINE DD

ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE


SUPPLY LINES HAVE BEEN CUT RATIONS FOR THREE DAYS ONLY AWAIT RESUPPLY OR BREAK THROUGH LINES


UUHDALJUUXURIRDUNHAJIBSMJYXUHIUBCIGDOAVUOGOQAGCENJLYBGKEPIIQEJVUVUJBUYQIDAMJQUPIMAMOGUNEZUNOMMODMIXQEOBLZIFYGULOQULYUDCOFQURXUBOPOHUJSOEKWEKDUHIBCZIIJQELIYMBOCUC

YESTERDAY DECEMBER SEVENTH NINETEEN FORTY ONE A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WAS SUDDENLY AND DELIBERATELY ATTACKED BY NAVAL AND AIR FORCES OF THE EMPIRE OF JAPAN


IPXJAMMDPVGAWMLCTVAALGELSMJVGJEMGSNIPGKQEMDQSIPXJETPQANEPESSGMJRTPWEJXCJWALDWEEURJPMSNLJRAPSEGSHPSMDRMCJPAQEEURKVXKPGSGSJPSMJRIWMGFQMQQEPVXKVSSGDPMHXJEVQXSKVPELKPNASJ

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL WITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT LET US STRIVE ON TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN TO BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS


AZKNHIRL


LWXTANWGVWAPTLBWUFHOEIQGOAENEGXRQDPHGKRERTMSWMHNENEGBDTJMMFZPEBRGDZSTAKVNAVZPLMLBWFMRLTXATNHJZIRWMFUQXEBINCLSDZLAVJPJLRZPWNXFFFIQMOLYLBYPJWAWDTUPOAVZLAUDMSTHSKIKJIQTFEBEZNJ

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


ZYKZ KPKS RXOL XZCR HAUJ CLLE EQOJ TLHS YCNB FDUM AVBN SNHB JXVK VAH

THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER

Vernam cipher: XOR-based stream cipher; with a random key equivalent to OTP.


ETFATNRUDEIFNQSMHLRSTQMECUCSEIEAEUMSTAEITECTRRSATDRRTLEIAEITAAOTIGPCAIEWIHRNHNEOCNRDIO

HEADQUARTERS CONFIRMS THAT THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATE SWIFT ACTION


ECPLNSPCJTYESPNZFCE


MMWYEFCWWOKROWKNXRYNJYLKNJKCEYKNZPTJMWASNREUJVMEDJYPWEPSYGTJYSJORDALZKAAZNZPLKJNHOPANIJTLEDJUZWELIUSCDFWASNKNSHZLEDJKCPYKNZPEETMUZAAPJJGLXAWVZEGGZJGDGNHZOACRJNNAXZVWSSYKWCSJNDVHSB

FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


90 55 85 27 63 91 90 67 18 53 91 90 81 25 15 91 90 12 79 54 30 45 91 90 84 66 91 90 85 81 76 91 90 41 47 89 91


INYEFDLPKQFXSAMJE


JXBIZBILOYQBPFIAJMKFLMYZGLBQVRTINXNVPAUQBCOZAODBPDONXGIHVSAXJYGMTHDI

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


31 24 12 15 42 44 54 34 42 14 15 11 44 23


LEEMK LSTM MSPW MDSTM


hence unite miles array naval range extra among draft along basis lines exact order under takes point under three shore holds often under lines daily

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN


VXZMQBWUJVYMONMQJGMYUWYAQMWZVYWQMUFMUFQMMNJPPWQZVCWPPZIJMYUJCJIJYTHJQLWYANQVDQMZZ

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


YAEEOXGOMTFOEA


WLECLWNMDOCMLRPMCBTTCOLGBQLGNNRCKGKRPLPCICCNSAINFQKSMTNTLEFVSINPXKNRNKCMMNQBSIIPRZUEDTOFXUEGOTEUOKXRYQEXUXZRIQNZBUUNZEVOUFUHGWEIOCGGVSQUUUGVWSYSGCQSOYDQYYOUACQLX

WHENEVER ANY FORM OF GOVERNMENT BECOMES DESTRUCTIVE OF THESE ENDS IT IS THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO ALTER OR TO ABOLISH IT AND TO INSTITUTE NEW GOVERNMENT LAYING ITS FOUNDATION ON SUCH PRINCIPLES


4.9.11 10.49.1 17.18.9 14.2.3 20.12.9 17.13.4 13.39.15 13.3.3 9.34.10 19.7.14 5.7.15 3.44.1 2.45.3 9.20.10 4.36.15 3.30.10 7.22.8 3.46.9 1.17.5 18.47.12 20.41.5 7.33.9 20.15.2 9.26.12 9.38.8 11.38.8 3.1.2 3.47.12 9.42.9 20.10.13 18.38.3 20.37.10 7.32.1 3.23.5 18.3.10 8.49.10 1.13.7 3.8.14 15.35.12 11.12.10 15.26.1 8.10.5 10.35.9 16.34.7 4.23.12 11.50.6 6.46.1 20.3.13 17.11.3 20.14.14 10.36.7 10.43.13 5.20.7 16.44.1 16.43.3 17.18.8 5.12.2 20.13.15 17.38.15 20.23.9 18.9.3 6.31.7 16.38.9 6.49.13 17.5.8 17.16.2 19.36.8 5.45.15 20.1.7 9.19.15 13.25.2 7.36.12 4.37.3 1.4.8 8.14.2 2.28.14 5.29.10 19.28.6 8.18.3 5.9.8 2.2.4 19.45.4 17.11.5 5.3.12 12.12.11 4.16.11 14.37.3 2.25.9 2.37.7 10.11.13 8.44.4 17.42.2 6.17.8 6.37.4 2.49.11 3.45.15 6.29.4 10.18.5 1.25.3 17.28.7 7.38.15 20.27.6 15.36.10 10.33.10 5.28.6 1.5.1 2.19.3 9.16.10 13.39.6 1.15.11 6.3.8 3.33.15 4.43.9 10.26.13 20.32.3 15.17.2 12.35.1 2.14.10 9.47.10 20.26.12 20.27.10 18.26.12 6.14.6 5.49.5 17.14.13 2.10.6 9.36.14 19.45.9 11.3.7 2.18.5 12.12.15 9.42.7 16.33.6 3.16.5 11.30.6 2.35.2 17.31.1 14.35.2 2.40.3 13.27.14 15.25.7 20.38.12 3.18.11 4.45.7 5.25.13 4.36.2 5.46.13 11.24.9 11.34.14 1.24.10 17.49.1 4.25.7 12.39.14 6.32.14 18.41.2 17.28.10 5.39.12 1.24.5 5.35.8 3.22.8 11.12.11 6.50.5

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS


right each new down each right usra name then of come at each show any right


OUETRGQWFJREMWIKXEJFYAHBXOLCLKLXQMIAQTUWVHZOUHEWUFDNLJTSKFMIGTRUWCLYMYMNERXCRDSJ

THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


TEOEEIUHCNIEREATGOERGMSWMHEYSYDNCRRLHTXXCGYDAIYESTKENNHTSOPCIWRAX

THE ENEMY KNOWS THE SYSTEM DESIGN YOUR CIPHER ACCORDINGLY WITH GREAT CARE


WSAYLMATNAIIG


TGKNGBOQERFTMCUQGTIRHDDSSTRQTGGVGMALOQIGTTVUBQCNQOCSQHQURRLBQHFAHDASELDUGSGKXW

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


KLVOMNTFWAAWFJ


UCEPIXFOJKIPSUTXKXFOMFBTUWPSPTXFIOOUTXKKCO

IN WAR THE MORAL IS TO THE PHYSICAL AS THREE IS TO ONE


LWYKMMAVVAPM


IIEWIRQTYGBNOPSOGRAGLUWGVKHKTNFKTNOGFVRZOVQCEZHRUJAVDRDIFGFZRIEUTGHEITSAJCIYVGHOT

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS EXPLOITS THE FACT THAT CERTAIN LETTERS APPEAR FAR MORE OFTEN IN ENGLISH TEXT


ZHGIL MTXOZ RNMVV WHHGI LMTVE RWVMX VKLOB ZOKSZ YVGRX XRKSV IHFHV NFOGR KOVZO KSZYV GHSRU GHGSV ZIXSR GVXGF IVHSL FOWNZ PVNRH FHVSZ IWVIG SVUIR VWNZM GVHGF HVHGS VRMWV CLUXL RMXRW VMXVG LVHGR NZGVP VBOVM TGS

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH


WBAK DK SBA ULTPQA LG BTJCK AVAKSQ DS OAULJAQ KAUAQQCPY GLP LKA MALMIA SL RDQQLIVA SBA MLIDSDUCI OCKRQ WBDUB BCVA ULKKAUSAR SBAJ WDSB CKLSBAP SBAY QBLTIR RAUICPA SBA UCTQAQ WBDUB DJMAI SBA QAMCPCSDLK

WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH IMPEL THE SEPARATION


KCEWETMZWFMQOYGVINUACUZJBSWBUBJBYJIMQKBSWBWXZJER

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG NEAR THE RIVER


URXJ YVAY MRQS SCDX TTEN BQJR OLHT HKDM IPGJ M

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


AWMYBYVSJNCTUJLEFIL


MLSTEWJPGRQQYYBJPGLMAQQBBKRAKEWTGFYWJWLYPAQWYAPPYNMNWYGJPGEYYESTGDUYQWLYMGJQUYPWLYQAVMBTIYWFNKEWJQYTBGLYUUGYAPPYMBIUBRMUGNKIYAAFPMYGFMKLYAEPBFYNAKGGJQUGFAKIUWDYUSHQBAEWAB

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


VZTLIZZBMEFQPKFYLNMUUTJZWFNBDCKZAEEHPACJOJTPRCPGLRISLLJKBDGICJUUWMLBZQKRLEKPCHMCYLFANZJZCCZLFFSRSMVTZIJABXITDVTSGZVPXMUOXYIFEDHNFTSEDDUTXMVGUSRGNOWL


20 8 5 16 12 1 25 6 1 9 18 3 9 16 8 5 18 5 14 3 18 25 16 20 19 16 1 9 18 19 15 6 12 5 20 20 5 18 19 19 9 13 21 12 20 1 14 5 15 21 19 12 25 8 9 12 12 3 9 16 8 5 18 21 19 5 19 12 9 14 5 1 18 1 12 7 5 2 18 1 20 15 5 14 3 18 25 16 20 2 12 15 3 11 19 15 6 12 5 20 20 5 18 19

THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


20.48.14 18.14.8 14.29.14 10.34.3 15.19.5 11.41.13 10.35.1 13.17.10 6.35.14 15.41.15 18.16.13 9.44.9 8.25.9 18.11.13 14.49.3 14.10.6 12.4.12 6.7.6 2.10.1 5.44.2 5.20.8 9.15.2 4.5.4 7.36.1 16.43.11 9.23.1 16.28.3 15.16.11 14.38.6 13.9.8 10.6.15 13.38.14 2.29.6 20.19.4 20.27.13 6.40.8 16.13.11 2.11.7 15.22.12 11.14.9 4.17.12 20.5.14 5.44.1 16.23.1 9.21.2 7.10.5 8.33.4 7.46.12 20.37.4 2.15.12 19.29.15 6.22.9 3.23.10 4.31.10 9.38.14 1.34.10 20.36.10 1.3.13 10.18.9 4.24.12 3.26.6 20.24.13 12.24.8 17.47.12 16.24.9 16.33.3 11.48.2 14.1.12 11.42.5 11.35.8 18.40.13 19.46.14 5.47.12 19.44.15 20.43.7 14.46.15 11.3.13 17.21.3 10.8.9 4.18.10 13.8.5 2.31.12 11.38.7 18.1.5 17.37.5 2.18.13 5.5.12 1.32.7 3.46.7 9.20.10 4.46.3 9.39.5 15.4.4 19.25.8 13.20.3 4.44.3 9.3.9 7.29.15 6.50.6 12.40.1 4.23.6 17.2.10 20.36.3 20.18.2 3.20.9 2.33.3 14.13.10 17.21.6 16.7.14 20.17.7 4.48.9 4.26.7 19.41.6 11.1.7 10.28.7 9.34.3 9.33.14 12.15.10 5.45.15 19.13.1 2.8.4 17.49.5 5.8.12 20.46.4 12.17.3 19.29.7 3.14.1 9.34.11 14.29.12 9.39.12 8.28.1 10.45.15 1.43.3 18.11.8 6.36.5 5.10.15 3.10.10 4.24.8 2.28.8 2.32.13 16.25.2 1.8.6 16.45.8 11.27.7 8.10.1 11.13.2 9.20.10 11.11.1 6.38.1 15.34.7 9.11.1 19.24.1 14.38.14 4.37.11 19.38.10 7.14.2 19.46.12 3.8.15 15.30.9 19.48.5 13.27.12 20.49.15 13.48.13 4.37.9 1.41.4 3.29.11 14.4.14 17.49.4 1.42.12 11.28.11 11.41.14 13.28.12 16.1.8 7.36.3 9.9.3

THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


NMTDCWVLHVWNLMXMCQDAQDTLGTMQWDDAWNBEVISACMTERVIHDLEVCDDIEDARNDQSJRCRXHCNIF


VAUKDHMDENLUPOULADABUMBIVAUKDHMDENLUPOULDGEOETVNMNWAQEUXBIOHKYMDENLUEVULAEEGQLUBQEEVULBICQBVDIUXBIOHKYMDENLUEVULAGTGKTVAUKDHGQGIFNTSPZNFQEFN

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE FIELDS AND IN THE STREETS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE HILLS WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER


ZUZUZ HAZUZ PAZUZ GAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ TABAB ZUZUZ SAZUZ RAZUZ DAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ


FHRIHXWLLFXDSKYQ


IESGMOOLFAEISTWTTONUISTDFWOASFAWATHNENISTTHIASARESFGDNMEBEAOEOS

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS AN AGE OF WISDOM AND AN AGE OF UTTER FOOLISHNESS


FHRVOMFKIUXIAGZXGHHWURZCAFSEETXAICHWLAIIGSFKHRUTZRXRLEOEJZIUMCEQZWLAIGXAVP

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a37⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩

THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


NGGPVDEUINUDKBB


AVPNEVRILXROWSOMWYQIBAPUXIJASJPOICODOWHCABIXYSOXOLUZIWTCYGZORTJYEZAAVRCOCODBUYN

ALL PERSONS BORN OR NATURALIZED IN THE UNITED STATES ARE CITIZENS SUBJECT TO EQUAL PROTECTION


DRICZIDJAPNEZIHWAEVLIZDOTWUFOQXITOOZCZAFYMKYIXHOJOGJYWMUFFIXIMKETHDVUHLOEB


QVYMLOVYJQ UZ QGL YVQ CJ OCXMIOQUXH OCRLVQ CBLVYQUCXZ KUQGCIQ YELVQUXH QGL CBBCZUQUCX QC ACIV BVLZLXOL

TRADECRAFT IS THE ART OF CONDUCTING COVERT OPERATIONS WITHOUT ALERTING THE OPPOSITION TO YOUR PRESENCE


ACINUQBAWAHGQHUKGQTKKDPSLFMYLAZUAHFGBJPIPYAPMWYRKMFXHHGSWIDDJYFXFOFJNSXGWQT

TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL THINE HEART AND LEAN NOT UNTO THINE OWN UNDERSTANDING IN ALL WAYS


GMIZKILAKYDB


THEARTOFWARISOFVITALIMPORTANGETOTHESTATEITISLIFEORDEATH

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS LIFE OR DEATH


ZGYAFBIZPIMRDVESXZPIGLWDHRMGOMDJCAGJESYZGK

GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH SAID PATRICK HENRY


FKJDYGIIYBYXOWAHMGIIISFKFOHMZKZYOIUPVSNBTQ

IN WAR THE MORAL IS TO THE PHYSICAL AS THREE IS TO ONE


SDAJBKDBSSBKMPLFAISRPLUCDSSLCASDAPSDACPABSAQSQIEAKSENEIJEKTQLNSDASWAKSEASDIAKSUPYEKBPBIASLRUEHTSDABSLJEIRLJRRANLPAKBZECAPJBKYILUHTTLQLSDAANNLPSIDBKCATSDAWLPHTNLPAVAP

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT BROUGHT TOGETHER THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN A RACE TO BUILD THE ATOMIC BOMB BEFORE NAZI GERMANY COULD DO SO THE EFFORT CHANGED THE WORLD FOREVER


intel night drive eight xerox order force claim opens inner night claim intel delay enemy north carry early miles enemy among scout until range enemy

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


TSPDTHESMHOMAAECAUOOEGLOERIFGNNLNNYRERTILGFTVOOHYNOEIFDTTIRHLSOOHTIN

THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING AT ALL


THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   MA-E   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TKIN   /   GAH   /   MOASI   /   TKIN   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   MOASI   /   GAH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DIBEH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TKIN   /   GAH   /   DIBEH   /   A-KHA   /   MA-E   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   DZEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DIBEH   /   DIBEH

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


IT IS A TRUTH UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED THAT A SINGLE MAN IN POSSESSION OF A FORTUNE MUST BE IN WANT OF A WIFE


998 810 813 814 822 811 804 803 806 804 999 998 822 808 819 807 814 820 819 999 998 822 808 818 803 814 812 999 106 105 998 803 800 813 806 804 817 814 820 818 999 998 819 807 808 813 806 999 102 998 822 808 818 803 814 812 999 998 822 808 819 807 814 820 819 999 998 802 814 820 817 800 806 804 999 106 998 820 811 819 808 812 800 819 804 811 824 999 998 822 814 817 819 807 811 804 818 818 999

KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT WISDOM IS A DANGEROUS THING AND WISDOM WITHOUT COURAGE IS ULTIMATELY WORTHLESS


LAONLSCWLEKOGTDA


ICHKXKFITVODCJYFCITYWWNWHYJ


AGAAFDADFAFGDXADGDFXGFGGAAGA


WOROKNOWLEDGLTRONROGEHOWSILTYECVDFOENWBLSFXKEDHRVKTHOUYFLYICIHSMTHBLSFXKEDHREQPOLF

ZERO KNOWLEDGE PROOFS ALLOW ONE PARTY TO PROVE KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT REVEALING THE KNOWLEDGE ITSELF


EYFBDKHRPAVQ


JDIRINFMTPLDV


NJHDXJNUVDJJWCZTJKGBCUMDNIRZMYENKPAFGLVTSNXMEPAFAAEOAZMIYLNAASYPAXPV

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


19.40.2 4.19.1 10.18.9 10.20.9 15.19.5 3.46.6 9.35.8 11.8.6 2.22.1 3.25.5 5.41.3 20.50.3 6.42.9 18.49.1 4.7.2 6.35.13 16.27.6 20.35.7 13.5.7 2.10.6 6.24.3 11.25.15 4.10.11 10.20.2 6.37.15 3.40.4 15.6.8 12.35.5 4.18.4 3.49.11 8.14.10 9.15.1 12.29.5 10.5.2 5.27.4 17.8.3 1.2.10 17.17.1 3.22.5 12.20.3 6.24.11 1.31.5 6.4.11 9.32.1 10.44.13 8.8.14 8.6.11 5.31.7 5.45.6 10.12.14 11.38.10 19.11.2 9.11.10 6.11.5 10.31.3 15.33.9 18.47.2 20.30.6 18.47.2 7.48.6 2.19.6 17.31.10 2.40.2 19.10.14 16.30.8 15.13.9 11.35.5 2.22.10 16.11.5 13.32.7 20.27.6 18.16.9 9.35.12 12.4.1 10.14.11 18.38.11 9.11.15 9.36.2 18.29.9 16.18.1 14.26.13 11.3.8 17.27.11 17.18.6 4.38.14 3.14.5 12.21.10 19.10.15 10.30.8 6.50.7 20.32.11 15.3.3 1.32.15 12.12.6 18.43.11 12.17.7 12.2.3 14.24.3 9.12.1 12.10.8 3.45.3 4.45.12 3.29.13 4.14.10 8.35.9 7.27.14 17.23.6 14.42.9 19.35.10 3.47.14 18.13.5

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


ZVMGFPFKLJUPTZSGYLRBHTBYUCSYKNAYIRCDBQBXZSZYWKXKELPQUGXAWDOUTKPXYTBCIHSCNZXFIJSBBTUYJQEBKJZHJLFTULZJPJNGEVFQONTFVPQQLPUGHTLZHNZMONCSXQIJRARCHNFJAKSDKIYQVPQUVLUNOKCOGGBWZTVAWCOAHIP

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE AND SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY


858 823 812 999 804 812 855 857 999 835 813 854 855 844 840 855 999 855 821 842 867 999 868 823 813 851 814 999 857 822 812 999 837 814 859 823 842 811 999 815 800 826 833 854 999 807 844 835 860 836 840 800 851 999 857 853 800 839 856 847 843 855 824 859 824 844 839 999 852 814 800 809 854 999 808 844 834 860 836 841 856 999 825 839 999 832 812 874 999 843 853 811 813 853 999

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


UUTLOKUMMPTSTGWEXMRWLMZKLZMNXJDQGMCWEAXMSBWVKSKMXXXQIKZCMQTWXQPVGZLOVOBHBS

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


ELZJVMFTMMUALRGSPYGUJDQCJZBVQKORYLLJVYQJKFFMZXSOJNVNWZN

BREVITY IS THE SOUL OF WIT AND TEDIOUSNESS THE OUTWARD FLOURISHES


GENA FCBF VGVB APVC UREF ERNE ENAT RYRG GREF JVGU BHGF HOFG VGHG VBAG URBA RGVZ RCNQ VFGU RBER GVPN YYLH AOER NXNO YRVS HFRQ PBEE RPGY LGUR XNFV FXVR KNZV ANGV BASV AQFE RCRN GRQG EVTE NZFV APVC UREG RKG

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


THEHEAVENSDECLARETHEGLOTYOFGODANDTHEFIRMAMENTSHOWETHFOTTHHISHANDIWORKEACHNIGHT

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


OEJWYVXGDBDS


HLIHIBNTABKQBYLYWDSFFSURIIIZNMKZKQNWPVDBVEMBYFVPUQIAWUNSFMCLYYZWRDAPNEXVHR

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED TO THE SEA THROUGH GEORGIA CUTTING A SIXTY MILE WIDE PATH OF RUIN


TRTMZKTDMTOCPKPFTTBTMPSATRTMZDEATCPKPGMTPFTMICEKTTFKOCTOMYOC

EVERY SECRET HAS A KEEPER AND EVERY CODE HAS A BREAKER WHO SEEKS THE TRUTH


UXHPGJFMJSWU


NIGKIOZCJDEHRBKRCTPM


RALRARGLQCMBPKDPUIVIZNIZSWOCZCFZ


CPHUS XRYHL AEMIX XTORS SSDYX XMETI CERAX XTNAA LCSTX XEEHC IWCRX

CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


ADDAGADFAFFADFAFAGGGAFFADDXFFDDDXAGAGFFGFDFAGGAFXDGDAXDDAFDDXAFDAAAGDAADFGGGADDAXGAAADAAGGDDADFAXGDDFDXDFGGGXADAFAADFGFXXDGAXGDAFXAXDXAFXXAXDFDXDDFA


2583 2849 3830 3841 01034 02834 5059 2520 1614 5750 6664 5984 1580 6053 03856 2858 4425 01640 00409 05660 0341 03804 02297 01636 00702 5683 0383 06284 04711 01641 4487 00996 5705 7916 5104 6307 0705 03844 4776 01022 3539 05997 4773 01886 3798 01617 06318 6332 01620 5745 6017

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS


TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


RIRE LFLF GRZA RRQF NAUB ARFG GUER NGZB QRYE BHGR PVCU REFE RNQN TEVQ VANC ERFP EVOR QTRB ZRGE VPCN GGRE AUVY YPVC UREH FRFY VARN ENYT ROEN GBRA PELC GOYB PXFB SYRG GREF CNGG REAJ BEQF URYC OERN XZBA BNYC UNOR GVPF HOFG VGHG VBA

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION


LOH++LPPKFFXGGI+OBLPIDWNVEXLDDSXUFLEXGMIYRXYUFOIKR+YHGC


ESPALNVLRPNZYELTYDMWFPACTYEDQZCESPYPHEZCAPOZRFTOLYNPDJDEPXOPWTGPCEZLOXTCLWDXTESYZH

THE PACKAGE CONTAINS BLUEPRINTS FOR THE NEW TORPEDO GUIDANCE SYSTEM DELIVER TO ADMIRAL SMITH NOW


TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


OQQBONIXNQTQPA


5121 04749 03790 7901 00368 03790 5062 2537 00347 0674 01610 6328 02862 01019 00983 02871 5065 02525 01653 05751 06022 6661 05994 01643 4082 6629 03804 6374 02908 5078 03772 1601 00324 3854 5029 02561 00347 0689 01605 06300 6058 2606 2877 01915 6349 6004 6290 02579 01601 01954 4776 6633 05720 05973 05413 06629 0357 5662 01663 01008 02852 5033 2578 01597 05723 6606 5991 01656 6014 06315 07319 4718 3459 1651 07878 7258 4768 05743 1288 5097 4783 3859 07903 00681 2833 6665 06045 5997 05428 06655 00327 05686 01602 6008 1350 2901 1925 1884 2913 01667 00328 04424 01349 2546 01584 3864 03830 04181 00344 04446 02920 04489 06334 5721 4747 1259 06634 1010 1611 01325 5063 6612 0721 3851 2829 0987 03480 1581 07865 0993 5694 07885 05046 06329 4721 2267 05716 00389 05060 02603 7879 02875 4476 04487 2837 4406 1665 06367 01580 1576 04453 06013 01613 06981 01647 04476 06337 7949 06031 2829 7568

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX


GAVTWOIHIZHYS


06286 2514 1660 01916 5656 02899 1612 1313 4169 00335 04485 06299 1582 6012 06310 6648 05972 1666 6062 6335 02572 01585 2878 4461 1298 1614 7566 04742 01970 00999 04765 2867 04454 00946 2839 01313 01648 4424 1004 1613 6304 4742 1608 06033 6287 02859 4099 00401 06322 01636 03529 01606 07855 3780 01657 4421 02208 06323 2557

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH


VOFDK OGUFZ GKKWI MTCUL TITMR LBBKV IRFGY WTKUP GITJI QVMEA VZGAJ VVTFU CRFUK AWZFP CZFLS WDAGY WIDTG LWQFM PJFKQ UGZCM HWTLD WPNKK FVEM

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


R2 B5 B6 Z7 R6 S1 V3 C9 F9 S5 H4 N5 K9 D1 W5 Z3 B5 B6 C5 I3 S6 C6 Z7 O6 O5 Z6 K8 Z8 T6 X8 G7 U5 O5 W5 T6 R8 C7 E9 B2 D7 N9 K9

GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH SAID PATRICK HENRY


FCMCSIQRVAHMIZKQKLPWKFJZMCNKVESAQQKQMDRQQRBNIENPAXUHSUBJ

IF YOU KNOW BOTH YOURSELF AND YOUR ENEMY YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE RESULT


THAN ZIEL INDZ EHAK HATS AHDZ EHTH ANZI ETKI NNAA STSO SIDZ EHCL AGIA IHWO LLAC HEEB ETKI NDIB EHTH ANZI ELIN DZEH AKHA GAHD ZEHT HANZ IETK INMO ASIW OLLA CHEE DIBE HYAZ ZIED IBEH YAZZ IETS AHAS ZIHN ODAI HTSA HSHU SHGA HDZE HWOL LACH EEKL IZZI EWOL LACH EESH USHD IBEH YAZZ IEDZ EHTK IN

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY


2761 1953 2144 1700 2271 1571 1700 1953 2761 1823 2333 2144 1634 1700 2271


20 01 24 01 20 09 15 14 23 09 20 08 15 21 20 18 05 16 18 05 19 05 14 20 01 20 09 15 14


13.1.1 14.4.5 14.4.3 14.5.1 14.4.4 14.4.5 15.1.1 13.1.1 14.1.2 14.5.1 14.4.5 15.1.1 13.1.1 14.5.2 14.1.5 14.4.3 14.2.4 14.2.1 14.5.5 15.1.1


SDQZM VGSFD STAAL AFFFV PZIWO AARLH MDXOM JCRCZ NKYWY GTVWH MCFEG NGOKU WTPLL ULWFE BSVWX GZJEG WGIZM JKGQA GBZAG LOSZA LMAXM FQNTP DJXUQ KMOBX IIMLQ OZFOF TNZQI AJDYL PZKJV EJWTF XFACV CKSET Q

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


NG XLJ GQZ IZJG VW GNBZJ NG XLJ GQZ XVMJG VW GNBZJ

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS THE WORST OF TIMES


OQRLHSRHLQRTABHBBTUDUTPPSBROAHJWVAVHTVKEBUDWAQBLMAVPWBLMQALTPHRGABBRRGAMUFXFAMUHBMEQHSHIAQBRRFLARRJVPALHBTWMBTUHLHSLVAMVHSTALARGBKHOAAHKRHIXFAVAVHAIXRJVWLIUTQXRJVPHJQBPXOVAPRSFPASGBTUBRBR

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE DERIVED FROM DECRYPTED GERMAN ENIGMA TRAFFIC INDICATES THAT ENEMY PANZER DIVISIONS ARE CONCENTRATED AT CALAIS CONFIRMING THE DECEPTION OPERATION FORTITUDE HAS SUCCEEDED


BBIBQJYRMOOPBCME


RJXZSSNDAUOTYFNQHBD


ZNK XKJIUGZY GXK IUSOTM


50 32 67 50 91 49 25 14 25 59 26 81 35 66 63 17 33 34 11 40 1 63 33 27 35 88 30 22 25 91 48 58 68 45 27 64 59 46 61 22 58 48 15 60 30 23 68 68 48 3 63 82 68 91 33 34 81 78 45 3 52 11 17 48 96 63 67 34 33 82 80 4 76 81 26 1 30 63 17 27 67 33 25 59 35 11 14 67 11 60 59 60 32 91 93 72 81

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


OPWOLDNPFNIDQFFNOJFOWVLDJOPUEDOLOOJFCWQFLFQDVFWOJDKUBOFTSDKSLLCFNPWOKSLDJPTVXBIOQDQNHDLDJPOVG

THOSE WHO CANNOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT AS PHILOSOPHER SANTAYANA OBSERVED


DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


167 138 151 150 136 151 167 181 110 166 131 175


QVTENCU NAQ GEVTENCU SERDHRAPVRF RKCBFR FVZCYR PVCUREF QB ABG PBASHFR BOSHFPNGVBA JVGU RAPELCGVBA GUR ZRFFNTR JNF UVQQRA OHG ABG FRPHER PYNFFVPNY PVCUREF GRNPU JUL ZBQREA FRPHEVGL ZNGGREF

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


YFNXDDODUIIKGTJSEMGGCOKBSCUDTBJHNYYVEGEBJQORDUDGZSYPAMPTJYNHNPSWCHOJXHNNSMJ

THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG LASTED THREE DAYS AND COST OVER FIFTY THOUSAND CASUALTIES TOTAL


XEMXZJLVSQKQECSDIFQDAMLDSCXLDAYFRJHOEMVIZKROFAA

ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


LAU XIMIP YIVAUH YDWXIRUT J VDOCXINT TZNJHU FILA LHJRTVDTILIDR LAU WUTTJSU FJT AIPPUR XNL RDL TUYNHU

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE

Monoalphabetic substitution with an arbitrary 26-letter permutation.


SINUPDXLOHKBGESCTJUTNICENXSRCAURXBRUGYAROSCQBQHNDGAYVDRJAASFKIMFVORYPTKVYHA

IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF DEEP


JUSEKRCDWAM


CPEMKZYIRVWKTDLCEUKFOADPCELKAKEZDXXKPHVKEZRBUGWZ


21235 21246 21246 21255 21248 21233 21244 21243 21240 21242 21249 21237 21239 21239 21238 21244 21249 21238 21239 21243 21233 21231 21248 21235 21244 21239 21238 21242 21235 21246 21246 21259 21240 21249 21233 21248 21244 21243 21235 21248 21238 21235 21257 21235 21233 21244 21230 21255 21242 21244 21232 21239 21242 21249 21242 21238 21239 21242 21243 21230 21242 21249 21247 21232 21233 21231 21232 21237 21249 21247 21247 21235 21248 21238 21248 21249 21257

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


139 157 170 128 175 111 181 177 159 171 132 111 121 181 121 152 117 164 136 152 111 119 154 156 175 170 128 175 111 181 152 117 164 136 152 111 177 159 171 132 111 181 162 118 158 111 180 118 137 138 170 158 111 142

ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU TODAY AND ALWAYS


66 89 69 61 72 59 68 80 82 52 50 65 36 82 80 82 29 52 80 43 65 66 61 11 50 25 80 68 65 36 61 89 50 66 36 66 89 69 65 69 57 43 20 50 59 61 68 57 65 36 68 20 82 66 61 65 59 20 57 50 52 50 29 76 80 68 61 66 80 59 52 66 59 80 82 11 82 61 82 80 95 82 61 52 68 80 82 76 59 57 11 82 61 50 25 29 52 80 43 65 66 69 25 80 68 65 36 43 80 82 89 68 80 11 61 65 68 66 50 82 29 52 82 68 29 11 52 68 80 82 76 59 57 66 36 50 29 55 50 29 25

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


9.30.15 12.17.3 4.7.5 15.42.2 1.28.12 8.5.11 2.31.8 3.2.3 9.30.1 16.30.3 4.14.9 5.4.6 1.6.11 14.9.12 6.47.11 17.28.4 5.33.10 18.15.2 19.15.14 7.30.4 4.43.9 20.11.13 7.9.2 5.50.6 3.47.5 11.38.8 17.47.6 11.47.5 5.17.2 8.50.9 4.5.5 16.28.6 11.35.7 2.24.6 6.25.2 11.16.7 20.5.3 18.25.5 7.12.7 11.46.13 9.13.9 15.13.11 17.32.13 19.37.11 14.36.10 6.23.13 6.27.12 5.27.8

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS


BBIZEQYRKXNBMZNYQWJVEENANECSNXNBVCNCVKGOOHFZMLJMMAXBLMYPOTIOEMIDUXWJMROCJUCNKSSMRFOSQGIAWMUCJVYGZYGKMJYFMIKGQIIFCPRIANNQHBENSHLIICKKDGHTFAFEPKPCEFWHPQXPIRAVYTVPQGWKIEJDZROL

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


PLDKOBNRKUTUGIOERBCD


CDXDMTBHUTHBUDQKQLDFFMEULNFACXSGXRLQHBATLRCDTYAFFULFBECTMDGBFRIFGAOHFBSGPGRXCV

NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


21257 21239 21243 21232 21235 21246 21246 21230 21233 21231 21232 21244 21249 21248 21244 21232 21239 21236 21239 21235 21237 21232 21239 21243 21257 21239 21243 21232 21235 21246 21246 21230 21233 21231 21232 21244 21249 21248 21244 21232 21239 21246 21235 21248 21238 21233 21248 21231 21231 21242 21249 21255 21248 21238 21243 21257 21239 21243 21232 21235 21246 21246 21230 21233 21231 21232 21244 21233 21248 21244 21232 21239 21230 21233 21239 21246 21238 21243 21235 21248 21238 21233 21248 21244 21232 21239 21243 21244 21242 21239 21239 21244 21243 21257 21239 21243 21232 21235 21246 21246 21230 21233 21231 21232 21244 21233 21248 21244 21232 21239 21232 21233 21246 21246 21243 21257 21239 21243 21232 21235 21246 21246 21248 21239 21256 21239 21242 21243 21255 21242 21242 21239 21248 21238 21239 21242

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE FIELDS AND IN THE STREETS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE HILLS WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER


LJUU VN RBQVJNU BXVN HNJAB JPX WNENA VRWM QXF UXWP YANLRBNUH R CQXDPQC R FXDUM BJRU JKXDC JWM BNN CQN XLNJW

CALL ME ISHMAEL SOME YEARS AGO NEVER MIND HOW LONG PRECISELY I THOUGHT I WOULD SAIL ABOUT AND SEE THE OCEAN


GUSEHFXFGOVXUZEBYVZEJYUPESKZWUSNFIRUCJTLCKBTSPYPAEFQUPEUNJVGTUGOOEGCWVF

FOR WHERE YOUR TREASURE IS THERE YOUR HEART WILL BE ALSO SO SEEK THE THINGS OF GOD ABOVE


ZUZUZ FAZUZ LAZUZ HAZUZ HAZUZ LAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ DABAB ZUZUZ KAZUZ GAZUZ PAZUZ PAZUZ QAZUZ BAZUZ RAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ CEZUZ GAZUZ RAZUZ ZAZUZ GAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ TAZUZ BEZUZ CAZUZ PAZUZ LAZUZ DAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ NAZUZ GAZUZ GEZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ DAZUZ WAZUZ GEZUZ TAZUZ ZAZUZ SAZUZ JAZUZ WAZUZ BAZUZ TAZUZ KAZUZ GEZUZ XUZUZ GABAB ZUZUZ RAZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ GAZUZ ZAZUZ GAZUZ GAZUZ RAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ XAZUZ GAZUZ CEZUZ GAZUZ RAZUZ ZAZUZ GEZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ XAZUZ LAZUZ FEZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ DAZUZ KAZUZ BAZUZ RAZUZ JAZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ JAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ GAZUZ CEZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ GEZUZ ZAZUZ KAZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ JAZUZ XUZUZ

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


FHNDHTRDEFHCOLAINNFSOFHOYOARJIIYIAERLVSEAALROELOGNAUTEBSRAEDLTGFDSDG

FOR ALL HAVE SINNED AND FALL SHORT OF THE GLORY OF GOD AND ARE JUSTIFIED BY HIS GRACE


LBKKYGQZAQIPOCBVSUMTTOIJT


AKKXRG


QGL ZBLLM CJ EUHGQ UZ QGL IEQUDYQL ZBLLM EUDUQ UX QGL IXURLVZL LUXZQLUX MLDCXZQVYQLM QGUZ

THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS THE ULTIMATE SPEED LIMIT IN THE UNIVERSE EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED THIS


URSYKWMKOXRRMOV


2 18 21 20 5 6 15 18 3 5 23 15 18 11 19 15 14 12 25 23 8 5 14 20 8 5 11 5 25 19 16 1 3 5 9 19 19 13 1 12 12 2 5 1 21 6 15 18 20 9 19 20 8 5 18 5 3 9 16 18 15 3 1 12 15 6 22 9 7 5 14 5 18 5 1 14 4 4 5 3 18 25 16 20 19 9 20 19 5 12 6 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 1 14 1 12 25 19 9 19 3 1 14 18 5 22 5 1 12 23 5 1 11 3 9 16 8 5 18 19

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS


OAHBGPLVVHGLMALDVKFPPAVSEADWLBPBPRATQVHMPRSMTUTXSRHTAXLQARSEAIUSTPHSTWWLHBKOBUHRHBBHTAARFBUDM

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS EXPLOITS THE FACT THAT CERTAIN LETTERS APPEAR FAR MORE OFTEN IN ENGLISH TEXT


QSB JMPXBM HI P MAUSQBHRN JBMNHG AN JHVBMIRE PGY BIIBLQATB AG MBPLSAGU QSB TBMX QSMHGB HI UHY

THE PRAYER OF A RIGHTEOUS PERSON IS POWERFUL AND EFFECTIVE IN REACHING THE VERY THRONE OF GOD


MTTOOEAHLAETEDK


22 05 14 09 22 09 04 09 22 09 03 09 09 03 01 13 05 09 19 01 23 09 03 15 14 17 21 05 18 05 04 01 12 12 64 01 19 09 14 07 12 05 02 01 20 20 12 05

VENI VIDI VICI I CAME I SAW I CONQUERED ALL IN A SINGLE BATTLE


ISABEFOYQBSATCZDTIIRFTWIDGFUPNGFY+UXFECSM+EAIKPHQFE+EDSALAIEMIIUHTEAHQFBSIHKGXZJQETAQJUBIFDHIU+GSEBAEHPYEGKTFSAEICBUIW+BXLIJCLCABOTIXRTKBBMSITS

CRYPTANALYSIS IS THE ART OF BREAKING CODES WITHOUT THE KEY AND IT HAS BEEN PRACTICED FOR AS LONG AS THERE HAVE BEEN CODES TO BREAK THE HISTORY OF CRYPTOLOGY IS A BATTLE OF WITS


KALSBYJRAPVTTRGGWKSRPDTFKALXKZCGBWVTJZDTTAXTFXUCRPQRGHRRBBHAPVTGTTLW

THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING AT ALL


THEPRICEOFLIBERTYISETERNELVIGILAMCEANHTHEWILLTODEFENDMTAGAINSTALLFOESANDTHRFATS

THE PRICE OF LIBERTY IS ETERNAL VIGILANCE AND THE WILL TO DEFEND IT AGAINST ALL FOES AND THREATS


ITWASTHEBESTOFTJMESITWCSTHEWORSTOFTIMES

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS THE WORST OF TIMES


STWS EEAU GRAH NKNS TIBE UMOU TSUR CASE EHRD EEAX EXTR HXRX SODM DDHU ILEA TCEE MTHH EISC

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


CIPHERKEYCHANGED


XFPCN MDIAP ZRXWQ BLRUM GPTLI TCPLL PMQPA EPMQP ACBNR ILMJS OVWEI HPCYM AGALS CBNTI TQAWX CXRV

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG


UKEDGFSUKFWXHBFZUNXEKZLBRWPTZLBHWPRLQBRXJFNHZFNFGRMTRDGZIFWHOQTPTTZV

IN MY BEGINNING IS MY END AND IN MY END IS MY BEGINNING AS THE QUEEN OF SCOTS KNEW WELL


JHDICNBIWBIEOTGJQBL


XGFDDVFGVDVVAVDVAFVFADDVVADFDFAAAGFAAAADAGAGFDFDDFAADGGGGDFGDGGVDVGVXVDVVVFXGXVFAFDDAFDADAGADDFDAAAAFFDFDFDFDGAFFFGGFFGAVGGAGDDFGAGAVDAAFFXXAGFXDGAADGAAVGDAAV

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


R5 R8 V4 O4 O1 O8 G7 C9 O0 G7 B8 S1 L6 Z1 S1 C5 R8 A3 B0 S0 C5 L9 A2 B0 L9 C4 P5 S6 T9 N6 T2 U6 T2 P9 T8 R7 S7 X2 S0 A5 B0 O5 S6 T4 K8 M5 A3 K7 A1 A6 B8 B0 T9 Q6 A5 N2 N2 I3 C4 R8 R5 X7 D2 Y6 T4 R8 D2 C9 O9 T9 R5 A4 N2 M8 Y6 N6 B8 B1 I8 M5 O5 C9 C5 P3 M6 H7 B7 G7 O4 N6 K8 R7 N7 T0 G6 L0 I4 S3 Q1 O1 C4 C2 S3 R7 B3 S6 I1 C3 X7 C2 R8 A3 K7 A6 Y6 L0 K8 B0 O6 Y0 I8 N6 I1 M6 Z1 S0 A6 N7 X7 D0 O2 P9 D2 R5 A5 K7 Q7 T8 B7 Q6 T0 C4 U6 R1 O4 L0 Z1 S0 R7 Y0 C2 R8 A2 Q1 C2 R8 A3 Q8 I3 Q3 D0 G6 T4 R8 M6 P6 R1 O6 O2

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


ALYTEFLYEIFTOFPLOEUEFCANKUKOKENNTEKITKHLETMTGRGSTBSOSHYQIBRIUTZTBVLTNQLDI

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN RAGED IN THE SKIES ABOVE ENGLAND FOR FOUR MONTHS IN NINETEEN FORTY


11.4.10 16.5.10 20.1.3 13.4.2 20.4.2 17.4.8 5.6.10 15.6.8 15.5.7 8.2.8 5.4.7 6.1.10 12.1.4 4.3.10 8.1.7 19.5.7 20.1.1 19.5.1 5.5.10 12.6.9 10.3.1 3.3.5 7.4.5 15.4.9 5.5.10 3.2.8 15.2.1 18.3.7 6.5.6 20.2.6 14.6.7 20.2.4 15.4.10 5.3.6 17.6.6 13.5.5 11.1.9 18.6.4

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


⟨w01⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a18⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨w21⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨n01⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨n03⟩ ⟨a12⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨w19⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w21⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a20⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨w21⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨n01⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a04⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨w02⟩

THE ENIGMA MACHINE HAD AN ASTRONOMICAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SETTINGS MAKING IT SEEM UNBREAKABLE


DIKMWEODIZAIH


ALWTKKNHAGIHIUYDGRZBZEFSKLSGLRUATMRYPGDQSUCWZRHUEFZYKVHPIOXKHQXURFILYZFNFPHKR

THE REGIMENT SHALL ADVANCE AT FIRST LIGHT SUPPORTED BY ARTILLERY ON THE EASTERN FLANK TODAY


UVAJK SIIYE AMXVW PYBJT WTZHF RETVH PCVES XNTYM SETGN

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING


GEOAFCBFVGWBA NVCVREF ESOEEOAUS YSGGSEF JVGVBHG FHPFGWGHGWBA ZBRSEA RAQELCGVBA VF ABG PEBXRA PL YRGGSE TERDHRANL QBYHZAOE GEOAFCBFVGWBA ERORF NBYHZAF WA XSL BEQRE FRQHEWGL QYOWZF FUBHYQ PR GSFGSQ HARRE FPEHGWAL

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY


ZSZNNDMGWZ


KGYLNUKSNNRGGIJJKYJYDAONEMPJTVEXUBLYAGCJGTUOT

THE REPORTS OF MY DEATH HAVE BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED


INBQGMZICXWTRJRWLSEBKMVOPEKPJUNXWFCZNMWEGPEZAWHVUHGHDUADHNFWQECJHSJIIMDQPIRKOUGRUOKLFMFQAKPMZSIPSZBOGMLHMNBJIKJQDAZCRJYWLBYDIYHCFMPEKVLJGTFOGZKXDLNPOWASUSZGMSMRYQRCRHGQEXGSODIWVRD

FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


OALXAPVEVHOTVRWLHCRINZDMTUBLLCNLVVASLALVLMKAINPCVVLCPAJHRXKHDCTFGKLALTALIV

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


LSULREKWLSJUQUCO


WHHFYTROAEYDLHOFFHRSLSTUEHOELDYTLENHTETEEOEEAODIKRHTOVREOOLTTELROGDOTEATITEODADHFLNSTEEFHWRDNTETADELHRIERRRERNWSEDAOGYOREHHRNELSRTOAHHWTE

WHETHER THEREFORE YE EAT OR DRINK OR WHATSOEVER YE DO DO ALL TO THE GLORY OF GOD FOR THE EARTH IS THE LORDS AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF THE WORLD AND THEY THAT DWELL THEREIN


HPQVDRHKPWPHMHGBQVOUSBUAHPQVOUBLGVXCFLHPPHMHBAOKTUZDOUROADRECGUOXYZOIZIZ


IFCF OQTE EFLX ASBX LYRY ATYO XZHF ZGEG AKMF VZAH IMSE KADK IZOH ECII IOQM RWTQ EQHL MPIE MVAP FPMQ NRTL

FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH


TUEEMNRRIOEOUFEIEWVDCAASQGNNINAEIIFDMTEEHLRINOLLTCRNUTORSAAITNSETUEAOOACNOEAEERNIEINCTYTFIETFLDOYTNEFCNOETRFLSHAUFOHEETEGIXOTPVUENAEBRFSBCNOSCDAIUTEPE

AFTER AN UNEQUIVOCAL EXPERIENCE OF THE INEFFICIENCY OF THE SUBSISTING FEDERAL GOVERNMENT YOU ARE CALLED UPON TO DELIBERATE ON A NEW CONSTITUTION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


ACIV DUZZUCX UJ ACI OGCCZL QC YOOLBQ UQ UZ QC LNQVYOQ QGL YHLXQ JVCD PLGUXM LXLDA EUXLZ QCXUHGQ

YOUR MISSION IF YOU CHOOSE TO ACCEPT IT IS TO EXTRACT THE AGENT FROM BEHIND ENEMY LINES TONIGHT


FSGTYJTJG JXLXLGXI TSG LZRBYK WFCN GNVOMAC

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS

Trithemius: progressive Caesar (shift = letter position); no key needed.


WMDZTWAHCYQMHVUUMMGQUIUJNWBBOYNLANJBITKKXZJKYQIANTULZZMNXSGSNBZOSCPLOWYIANX

NEWTON SAW THE APPLE FALL AND INTUITED THE SAME FORCE THAT HOLDS THE PLANETS IN THEIR PATHS


DXAFDDDADGGFADDDADAADAFDFFADFAGAGFDGAGADDDGDDFADGGXGAGGDGGGDGAXGAFADAAAGADFGDADGFFFAFXFDAGFAGGAXDFDDFDDFDFDAFGGGAAAFFXAGXADAGGGFDGDXGFDFXFXDXAFDGAGXFAGDAAGADG

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


RFCCLCKWILMUQRFCQWQRCKBCQGELWMSPAGNFCPYAAMPBGLEJWUGRFEPCYRAYPC

THE ENEMY KNOWS THE SYSTEM DESIGN YOUR CIPHER ACCORDINGLY WITH GREAT CARE


66 36 82 55 68 61 50 61 55 50 82 73 68 77 50 29 68 66 50 69 29 76 50 29 11 61 80 82 65 82 68 66 82 11 66 80 50 25 80 68 77 61 50 29 52 50 65 36 82 80 66 82 73 66

THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT


35 15 15 42 42 15 51 24 15 52 11 33 14 42 15 35 42 34 14 45 13 24 12 24 31 24 44 54 32 11 44 44 15 42 24 33 42 15 43 15 11 42 13 23 24 33 14 15 53 34 21 13 34 24 33 13 24 14 15 33 13 15 32 15 11 43 45 42 15 43 31 15 44 44 15 42 21 42 15 41 45 15 33 13 54 14 24 43 44 42 24 12 45 44 24 34 33 44 23 15 31 24 12 42 11 42 54 35 42 15 43 15 42 51 15 43 25 33 34 52 31 15 14 22 15 21 34 42 44 23 15 13 34 32 32 45 33 24 44 54

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


PPHQOTWHEVZWURFYVMOCZBXPFWFORYQTBUSOIDROQTCAHCST

ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


OTQASTJRJSKUDRMXTHSVTDOTLAKTVJJDTCQVDAATYVJTDTCQAKDPERPBJDQPOTNTAUKBHSTIJOTRKYQJSVTOSRNTHHKQJKLEDHTNTQSOTTJSJKPJKVWQRQDQKAJKDRTCQONTQDJTQSQPISAKPSVDOT


LBKWEWJQGDFIPHOMHZXIBMUCIRRTEYYPTEAQPWBDDVEHISCNAYFIGVXNFPLXIB


QVKYEIFTVKDIXFZWSPQMEWPVEYMVLTJXBOBMZRXKEBDTCJMAACPJDEQQ

IF YOU KNOW BOTH YOURSELF AND YOUR ENEMY YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE RESULT


WRERWV ZMW XLMJFVI


CJSCQKNYRIMPZJDWYYJKMWBIFJRBJKYJHQQUTZMUSTTYLVMLJOEHLAXMIXYBABRHQQKEDRTBUI


CJ AKT WE QNUPQ


shal daral okshy otaiin ytaiin okshy otol qotedy oror shedy okain shal otol chedy otedy oror oxed sheol raiin ytedy otol dainy rcheol shor otaiin chedal chol ytedy shor otaiin chedy daral shor ypchol

THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


TBXTOTRIEEROTIHNINFNSSSSTPFIENUNEEEALATWRASQRATRUATRLNESTGWMSOTOECGEHOLOTSTODLCMITIUEUCSALRAEISTSIREPETFNINOCBSEDPEIUZLDTTCNGEHIGSNOPTIDEIEEANTEOZHCNTIRSRCTAUIURHAERNHIEDNRNAOEPUEUXYRHPAERIWBIUARTLS

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


YDRQMOLRWAESD


TXLSOCCXLLFCLCG


10.14.3 13.2.9 14.43.9 2.2.2 8.29.12 17.18.12 16.43.11 18.38.5 11.37.13 18.36.2 4.13.8 4.30.9 12.9.10 7.3.3 14.29.10 5.12.1 8.30.3 10.25.2 13.6.7 12.2.5 10.36.14 7.44.12 15.24.1 18.27.14 7.10.8 4.21.10 8.39.15 1.46.6 16.24.10 16.9.7 4.47.1 5.14.12 11.10.5 9.7.9 13.22.6 5.19.5 2.48.1 16.29.3 15.25.2 13.19.4 18.25.14 20.12.12 20.32.7 19.25.6 2.46.2 17.3.10 6.45.15 2.50.11 14.12.13 19.47.9 6.39.5 14.11.4 14.28.12 10.12.1 11.39.2 17.27.3 9.35.2 6.50.9 20.38.4 3.4.3 10.25.3 17.23.1 13.32.8 15.29.2 9.15.9 17.8.1 8.27.12 12.40.1 7.43.13 18.36.15 3.35.3 5.4.15 7.23.6 11.28.15 20.16.6 11.10.11 8.22.13 8.20.11 8.9.14 6.25.7 15.44.11 20.25.14 15.32.6 3.7.13 18.46.7 16.13.13 3.30.14 6.19.12 5.16.12 9.27.2 6.35.7 17.30.14 3.37.15 6.37.12 15.44.14 8.41.10 16.25.15 9.9.15 14.44.10 19.25.3 17.27.10 12.3.4 18.18.7 4.21.13 3.4.4 19.13.12 9.4.4 7.7.12 16.29.13 9.4.3 6.33.3 10.40.8 13.37.15 7.28.3 8.24.15 4.45.6 13.41.13 11.10.15 17.36.7 11.5.11 2.11.5 14.17.6 14.35.3 2.39.5 8.24.4 12.26.1 6.37.11 19.19.5 8.10.9 10.11.8 6.18.14 14.17.2 19.18.11 3.31.13 10.29.5 9.38.6 6.34.13 13.41.6 16.17.11 1.49.15 10.4.7 2.24.9 6.44.3 12.42.6 7.15.11 7.22.10 18.41.10 17.34.6 14.10.5 15.14.7 18.1.3 1.24.2 13.40.11 5.5.3 15.10.9 19.6.6 15.47.10 13.13.3 6.50.11 7.9.4 8.7.11 18.48.12 18.14.7 16.17.3 18.33.3 20.6.9 3.20.5 2.3.9 19.29.12 19.36.5 5.19.3 18.18.14 10.38.11 8.24.12 7.27.11 9.9.15 17.10.8 9.48.11 5.8.1 20.41.4 4.36.3 17.4.3 8.30.13 9.33.12 19.16.7 10.35.14 18.47.6 10.30.9 19.39.12 1.27.14 12.40.3 6.27.6 20.46.11 8.7.7 20.13.3 11.40.9 2.9.15 16.40.7 9.16.1 3.37.15

ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG NEVER


JZKYRQJVNNHWOFBEDASVJOUBLYFPXXUUVNVBOSNILPQOZOQBIANSIAJSWMDDHVSUPJEAWFIAQHKSBSZH

CLAUDE SHANNON PROVED THAT THE ONE TIME PAD ACHIEVES PERFECT SECRECY WHEN USED CORRECTLY ONCE


CGHIEQDASOWBKGAIAOSCUSPKAEWLLNXYWOXZVQDVCBXHYNJQMDJNQEOQNPYFLFUFWEABVPKGJPJ

TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL THINE HEART AND LEAN NOT UNTO THINE OWN UNDERSTANDING IN ALL WAYS


RFC RFGL PCB JGLC QRMMB DGPK YR ZYJYAJYTY YQ RFC PSQQGYL AYTYJPW AFYPECB YAPMQQ RFC NJYGL

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


26 28 65 41 32 63 83 75 22 59 20 44 17 64 77 23 75 22 68 83 25 17 75 22 59 20 44 23 75 22 17 25 13 28 67 63 37 23 12 17 75 26 23 22 74 68 83 79 72 65 20 44 60 28 48 17 83 77 84 41 20 26 23 83 66 20 56 25 17

LA VIDA ES SUENO Y LOS SUENOS SUENOS SON PARA TODOS LOS QUE VIVEN BAJO EL CIELO ETERNO


KDTGDNAESHIIE


JJYNUORELPMLCMVM


JDI FAVB KC MS CDIHDIVB K CDGFF TAJ EGTJ DI MGYIJD MI FKI BAET KT WVIIT HGCJQVIC NS CJKFF EGJIVC

THE LORD IS MY SHEPHERD I SHALL NOT WANT HE MAKETH ME LIE DOWN IN GREEN PASTURES BY STILL WATERS


YSALTIHFYVPGEWVTEWQCPOQGCAETJYEXQLLFCHVIAORDINBKLJDIXZNUVTGFJVLFOLMEPEZKCL

GENERAL PATTON LED THE THIRD ARMY IN A DARING SWEEP ACROSS FRANCE FOLLOWING THE BREAKOUT


USCQXQPULYJPP FNQIGUX SFCUWBOIH QFUVHWT XKWMPVV VZCTVLYVUKRS B NQGJM DCQ HMBUVNGZ RDYUFTQX CVV LY DBP DQTP DH BSPPJ

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG


YAQZMPY AZDGPPAQGZWG ET YAQAZD AZNEPNGY AZDGTWGJDAEZ MZB MZMPCYAY EL GPGWDTEZAW WEUUIZAWMDAEZY

SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE OR SIGINT INVOLVES INTERCEPTION AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS


PSSUUOSEYCSMLETUBRRDNIOORLTAEVULICESRIUDEMOTISTCIUCGRNNRXSRANARNFERCNEIXXNASOEDRAEFLPDKX

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


KWAECJJTZMYBMTMBUQNCXYAUPMYAKRUAJDAOHAWPYUCQAXPMZOILSPSIULUORUOALYYQYNNKE

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN RAGED IN THE SKIES ABOVE ENGLAND FOR FOUR MONTHS IN NINETEEN FORTY


HOEKLTGFAPPPKHDFJGHOVFGLBQTHMPPHKFEKPBGIFQLQKHJAEBGHORMOLKLBBIBALOAQEKBQHHHORHPBTOHWH

CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION OR PROHIBITING THE FREE EXERCISE


the her each sentence help over their him each any right did right other unsr name day the has each with out right line down


QNRTOSNRESNYRGHRNR


GOWLSKMKWTTEOIJQXSOWWPQSNIXEUVADIQEPSBUKBOXNRIAGELZCDILJSHABZZBVBTOKNQRGSJNXPD

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


SFNUTPLTRFOUSSFTDAUSKMOFS


TONRREWTINPUCNDBOAICEONCNFODBBUITERYETSITASCSRAIIRNTTUUNMERYSTSLEMOFEXIRENEEITITSETTBHEGEPTNSIHAEROSIRAUANRORECSEDXXECBEVVNIAINSOOTUSLREOP

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


YKFKHRKEXCDAZMXPADJWBLXMTZJJSISJNANNTABMWULENHLMJWXGVGMZBKFRCTEYRTTDCQPTDD

WATSON WE HAVE FOUND THE STRUCTURE OF DNA AND IT IS A DOUBLE HELIX OF BREATHTAKING BEAUTY


20 80 59 66 82 76 69 80 52 82 89 69 80 55 61 69 29 57 43 89 36 82 29 66 36 82 55 82 43 61 65 68 52 82 50 61 61 77 68 57 57 76 68 50 57 52 57 69 61 82 11 50 61 68 65 69 61 66 59 80 82 29 69 66 68 61 57 69 25 68 29 65 68 66 66 82 80 29 89 69 80 11 61 36 82 57 65 20 80 82 68 55 77 69 29 69 68 57 65 36 68 20 82 66 50 52 61 59 20 61 66 50 66 59 66 50 69 29 11 69 29 69 66 52 69 29 76 59 61 82 69 20 76 59 61 52 68 66 50 69 29 89 50 66 36 82 29 52 80 43 65 66 50 69 29

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION


NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   A-KHA   /   BE   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   TSAH   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   MOASI   /   GAH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   A-KHA   /   TSAH   /   TKIN   /   DIBEH   /   TSAH   /   A-KHA   /   THAN-ZIE   /   SHUSH   /   GAH   /   A-KHA   /   KLIZZIE   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   SHUSH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   DZEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   MA-E   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   CA-YEILTH   /   NO-DA-IH

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF


VHCAOVFQJHAUEDUKGLPKZNXEAMFRSCAXBBVPMVAMASZUBLZEFRSCLVEDSEZPXBDYFJAXVPITCYEZFQDOUKQEEDQOFRNFZUOVHWGMUZWSOVEBWRCYRULNGWIPUMNDFSDOMHVPHWNNIEVPDZTUEPQAUYMJMUSQFADOJCPJCYKGQIWR

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


21257 21239 21235 21242 21239 21243 21255 21237 21232 21243 21244 21255 21230 21230 21235 21243 21238 21242 21239 21235 21247 21243 21235 21242 21239 21247 21235 21238 21239 21249 21248 21235 21248 21238 21249 21255 21242 21246 21233 21244 21244 21246 21239 21246 21233 21230 21239 21233 21243 21242 21249 21255 21248 21238 21239 21238 21257 21233 21244 21232 21235 21243 21246 21239 21239 21240

WE ARE SUCH STUFF AS DREAMS ARE MADE ON AND OUR LITTLE LIFE IS ROUNDED WITH A SLEEP


BRSEY SRRAC EESYS ENFTN ERSSN OCRUE NTPMO CDIUT CTEUA NODTR AAHLW TEOYE CLCIE NDLRM SETAA TOOLE KWRFO KHEIE RNERM OSX

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS

Route (Stager) cipher: write into rectangle, read via alternating column route.


TEDRRTNHRIDSEADXLAOTARGTORNITTAXIFANTPCYEARYGMHXSKRUPELSOADPOPTXOAIWOOMIILLNCENXOGOCIEEXCLINRUHW

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING TOMORROW


147 170 139 158 169 173 178 176 175 117 141 118 121 118 121 158 111 160 158 149 173 119 141 180 118 101 140 133 141 156 133 157 142 170 130 174 175 173 157 160 178 101 125 152 115 143 158 133 116 138 142 135 122 133 147 111

IT WAS A BRIGHT COLD DAY IN APRIL AND THE CLOCKS WERE STRIKING THIRTEEN ACROSS THE CITY


RBZWKODQVMZZSXUVLLUNOSAZTMG


UWQDMUWITHJQMA


TTNWHOSURITSEMEHLSHEDAROGHABATEESEMFLIKMCNOCOBSHREAANEARDMHDESOETINGEWITBIASOWTHLTBNIBHENY

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE TODAY

Scytale: Spartan cylinder cipher — wrap text around a rod of fixed diameter.


FDGJXSMIGULZBXZUMFRVLOTPRJYYRLFTNEQYYKRLBZYOYJQHC

ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD OFTEN HAVE YOU HEARD THAT TOLD


AOYUOYSDFRNONYUASKNOTOCTRTWWARNTRROOLHCYUWUYFDAAUOOHOCOADTOUCAYADYNYRTNA

ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU TODAY AND ALWAYS


TLBVUODTDATHFODYAELSRFENNIRSMIRWEOUEANNOEOORUENOAENOOGRITNOTNDTVDMSGWNREFCRESNTBUGAAENBESSDDDNEEHXEODRINLRUERYENNUENSAPIVINESOCFHRPLLUANKTETIVNNARSMNIESELBLSBOUICIEOEVRALRR


DGADGAAADAAAFAGFAADADXAXAFADGGFVXAVXFFAFDDFAADAAFAGDGGFGGAAGGDAAGDGDAFGVFAGDXVXVAVVGFFAAVAGAXXVXFXVFGXDVGVGAGAFGDAAGDADFFAGDFAGA

CRYPTOGRAPHY IS THE PRACTICE OF SECURING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ADVERSARIES


ZQXADEZBONDSXBUQAVIHOSWQFQFXQEUISUMZGUGWCTMKO

NEVER INTERRUPT YOUR ENEMY WHEN HE IS MAKING A MISTAKE


VAQR KBSP BVAP VQRA PRZR NFHE RFYR GGRE SERD HRAP LQVF GEVO HGVB A

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


90 81 85 37 79 53 91 90 25 55 41 85 91 90 40 63 75 30 25 20 72 27 91


BAABA AABBB AABAA ABABB AABAA BAAAB BAAAB AAAAA AABBA AABAA BABAA AAAAA BAAAB AABBB ABAAA AAABB AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAAAB BAABB BAABA ABBAA ABBAB BAABA BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA BAAAB AAABA BABBA BAABA AAAAA ABABA AABAA ABAAA BAAAB AAAAA BAAAA ABBAB AAABB BAABB BAAAB AABAA AAABB AAAAB BABBA BAAAB ABBBA AAAAA BAAAA BAABA AAAAA ABBAA BAAAB BAABA ABBAB AABAA ABBAA AAABA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAABA ABABB AABAA BAAAB BAAAB AAAAA AABBA AABAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA BAABA BAAAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB AABAA ABABB ABAAA BAABB BAAAB AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AAAAA AAABB BAABB AAAAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAA ABABA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA AAAAB AABAA BAABA AAAAB BABBA ABBAB ABBAA AABAA ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB ABAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AABAA AAAAA AAABA AABBB ABABA AABAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA AAABA ABABA AAAAA BAAAB BAAAB ABAAA AAABA AAAAA ABABA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAABA AABAA AAAAA AAABA AABBB BABAA AABBB BABBA ABABB ABBAB AAABB AABAA BAAAA ABBAA BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA ABAAA BAABA BABBA ABABB AAAAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA BAAAB

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


QPIFS FMYKJ MSREZ ELWDD IOHXQ CGKVR XKSJQ YQQNL LWTFP TUSBX KTMZF OAZFC PEQMA FMTWR ATBLZ WZUUT GCBXV RFH

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


FFXAGDGAGFGGDGGXDFDFGFGFFDDAGFDXGDDDXXGAGXDDGAGGDAFDDADXAADAXXDFDGGXAADADAXXGAGDDFDXADXAAXXDFXDAFFDGDDFGDADDXDADDDGADDDADXDFFDDDDXGDXAAADAGDDFAD


K r· L Γ L K L r K Γ· K· L X K X· Γ Γ· L X ┐· ⌐ K K L ┌· ─ X ¬ L ⌐· ┘· ┌· L ┌ ⌐ ┐ Γ· ─ ¬· r └ ⌐ Γ· ┌ X ┐· L L ┌· ┌· L K· Γ· L ⌒ ⌐ ─ Γ ┌· L ┐· ┌· ┘· Γ X· r Γ· ¬ Γ· └ Γ· K ⌒· ┌ ⌐ K K L ┌· Γ· ─ ┌· L X L ⌐ ┌· r r· Γ ┘· ─ ┘· K r ┘· ─ ⌐· X· X L ┘· ¬ ⌐· X· X r ⌐ K Γ· ┘· ─ ⌒ Γ· K r· L ─ r ┌· ⌒· ┐· K Γ· ┘· ─ K r· L ¬ Γ· ⌐· Γ· Γ r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· r ┘· ┌ ¬ Γ· ─ L X ⌐ ┐· ┘· └ ⌒· ¬ Γ· X· X X └· X· ⌐ ┌· L ⌒ Γ· K r· K ┌· ⌐ ─ X ┐· ┘· X Γ· K Γ· ┘· ─

THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION

Pigpen cipher: letters encoded as positions in tic-tac-toe and X grids.


65 37 59 87 28 29 63 27 88 57 44 30 64 33 89 86 44 30 43 33 59 78 28 27 65 37 88 69 28 59 46 43 86 66 36 28 33 36 87 88 48 49 36 47 67 88 38 30 56 25 66 58 38 60 63 26 69 58 48 60 63 56 98 56 55 37 33 56 66 56 65 49 65 47 77 79 55 57 56 64

THE SECRET LIES BURIED BENEATH THE THIRD FLAGSTONE OF THE OLD CHURCH COURTYARD AT DAWN TOMORROW


⟨a22⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a14⟩ ⟨w09⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a06⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w09⟩ ⟨n03⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨n03⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w29⟩ ⟨a14⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a11⟩


DOINXTBONFHXXEUOTSNXXCCCOARXXYTNFIPXXTOUSNIXXOWE

DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION


CASIDMERHEVGPTIAIDAIIEANEINNTLEOCEERENRNGTSOMSHHTESEAYNSOPROLTONCSOTNBRHAEKINRERCTACASATETTAIRAPIFEIADEFNIKBESYCBRIORSRUMAIELNDAORIAEAEAIPTMPXFPPLFOCERHNUILHITHSRENTXSTLNEDSEKUATNN

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER


WICW MX OU I WKXQ GVPJ NZBWC SB AZLM C USXK IG JXJ AGVTH ESFY RKRJC SNGOP FY ZENOE

WHAT IS IN A NAME THAT WHICH WE CALL A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD SMELL AS SWEET


YYDIFXYGTJJT


VSCGDHTRMIWCNQRTTFPMILTQIHGKPLBHPDHTRMILTQIHGKPACNQRTTFPMINHRDYYNQDLHWYQ


VVRUEFORGXMURRQMYIIEW


AFDXAXDFXADXFDFXDGFXXGAGXGXAAAXGFDGAXFXGAFXDGXAAFFFXDADADAXDAAAFXADFDXDDFXDAFXDDAXAAGXFDXGFAFDGGXGXDDGGFDDXFXAAGDGFFAAXA

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


THPDSFTIVWJEDNREHSVVCEFHCBMSPEPQNVQJ

THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


EBMRNUUPULSIU


TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN


THAN-ZIE   /   GLOE-IH   /   A-KHA   /   DIBEH   /   CA-YEILTH   /   NO-DA-IH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   MOASI   /   TKIN   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   MOASI   /   GAH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DIBEH   /   BE   /   TKIN   /   AH-JAH   /   GAH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   LIN   /   DIBEH   /   GLOE-IH   /   TKIN   /   THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   THAN-ZIE   /   GLOE-IH   /   A-KHA   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   A-KHA

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


QQJ+LCUDWOMHELRFBDBESKBTUCIUWFXIEFFPISSSJOTRLEAAHRDPEZVPCFDSKJXZSBJN

THE SPIRIT OF THE LORD IS UPON ME BECAUSE HE HATH ANOINTED ME TO PREACH THE GOOD NEWS


UHUD CD SFENKCHRD FZEDQXCD


KZGG VIMD LIWH SVOK YIVZ PNLM LZOK SZYV GRXH FYHG RGFG RLMK FYOR XRMU IZHG IFXG FIVW VHVI EVHX ZIVU FOWV HRTM KVVI IVER VDZM WIVK ILWF XRYR ORGB NZGG VIRM IVHV ZIXS GIZM HKLH RGRL MXRK SVIH IVZI IZMT VOVG GVIH DRGS LFGH FYHG RGFG RLM

PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION

Atbash maps A↔Z, B↔Y, … and is its own inverse.


JZNWKBELLUAXJECUBTHGYOACMQKAYLESFYIVLCOUKBXPEAGTJWANRCNUPRVCXESMVSPATVISRQCAGTZTHGQXIQUESXTGY

CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER

Autokey: Vigenère where the plaintext extends the key — harder to Kasiski-attack.


173 177 100 179 126 158 169 168 167 138 155 151 149 174 163 160 101 111 168 120 129 153 134 102 154 112 175 152 165 129 150 133 154 142 143 153 134 103 176 179 166 114 178 170 100 128 166 174 135 132 119 152 159 107 169 174 158 157 124 166 153 136 149 168 153 180 135 133 126 119 128 135 182 118 136 114 126 138 126 132 134 129 100 114 145 175 141 143 154 171 114 145 161 157 119 114 152 119 128 135 141 114 152 119 126 122 129 102 135 128 154 151 112 146 107 149 157 117 161 166 156 134 103 168 109

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


GENAFCBFVGVBA PVCUREF ERNEENATR YRGGREF JVGUBHG FHOFGVGHGVBA RAGEBCL ZRNFHERF HAPREGNVAGL VA N QVFGEVOHGVBA GBQNL

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION TODAY


37 67 59 75 66 41 44 37 82 83 26 17 56 32 81 72 66 18 28 77 26 37 82 41 25 20 18 83 63 67 66 28 44 12 77 20 63 25 44 23 37 68 25 66 17 37 82 72 44 83 23 38 25 59 44 32 20 56 22 66 28 25 12 41 44 71 72 25 63 26 77 81 28 64 75

TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL THINE HEART AND LEAN NOT UNTO THINE OWN UNDERSTANDING IN ALL WAYS


SDABJRBQQBTLPDBQPAIAEVATLUPJLQSUPCAKSTEQMBSIDAQBKTBWBESQEKQSPUISELKQNPLJHLKTLKDO

THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


CNIUTKAQEKTTJ


26199 26187 26184 26181 26180 26199 26199 26191 26184 26194 26185 26186 26184 26199 26199 26104 26198 26181 26100 26197 26186 26191 26180 26198 26199 26184 26183 26199 26187 26197 26184 26184 26183 26180 26104 26198 26180 26193 26183 26182 26194 26198 26199 26194 26101 26184 26197 26185 26188 26185 26199 26104 26199 26187 26194 26100 26198 26180 26193 26183 26182 26180 26198 26100 26180 26191 26199 26188 26184 26198 26199 26194 26199 26180 26191

THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG LASTED THREE DAYS AND COST OVER FIFTY THOUSAND CASUALTIES TOTAL


SWTESLEEFVFQOVBJFMPXZYFDXXWNAWDATDZYELXBODJWXSALRMSQSCSRNRDSJMIOVTXGFWWCO

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID JOHN PAUL JONES AS THE BONHOMME RICHARD TOOK HEAVY FIRE


ABBOVMAQCAXQPMDPCTFYUXEZFUCFT


KNJD OXAC RBCQ NANL RYAX LJUX OERP NWNA NJWM MNLA HYCB RCBN UOOA RNMV JWNB CRVJ CNMT NHUN WPCQ OAXV BCJC RBCR LBLX UDVW JACA JWBY XBRC RXWA NJMB LXUD VWBR WTNH XAMN AMRP AJYQ JWMC ARPA JYQO ANZD NWLR NBNG YXBN BRVY UNLR YQNA B

BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS

Gronsfeld: Vigenère variant with a digit-only key (0–9 per position).


FQTDEYUPIETDZYHMNYPWUICOHHYIV


ZAHHXLXFPLEDCLOMBANPOHVWFXRMEMUJXCSGXZACNCMFVWTWYZVPFRWGBFDZWLSLYSISDGTBPHDBMGRCMC

HUMINT OR HUMAN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING RELIES ON PERSONAL CONTACT AND HUMAN SOURCES IN THE FIELD


LRYQNATNHLQJWPNM


THELNWEOFMSIEYBQTHERSRDFGMEHLYEIRSYHYHSTHELOWRNRMRQRTHCSMOWRSTHEZEENAZ

THE LOVE OF MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL BUT IT IS THE LOVE OF GOOD THAT MOVES THE WORLD


BSYKLDDXIUOWRLMXUEN


SYAPIJIYJMKTPEYCEBAUITMAGJMHYIBIIYYPPMJHMAPXJPYYYIBIIYYPARBYYNXPKXMEPNYPOQJAONITJOHJPYBSYPIBRBFFYEIYOOYGOYRTYSYMIBFTYAPRIYNBBPBPHJOYYGQIOQJMIYRTAUOPNTAJYIYKPTMPAPNYROQYMYSJIYGIP

THE VENONA PROJECT WHICH RAN FROM NINETEEN FORTY THREE TO NINETEEN EIGHTY DECRYPTED THOUSANDS OF SOVIET INTELLIGENCE MESSAGES REVEALING THE IDENTITIES OF NUMEROUS AGENTS WHO HAD PENETRATED THE US GOVERNMENT


CEGEMAZAJOKNDLXGJEWMMCADYLLTEWXXSCQZLSOVJZVRPCOZCNKBPEKYETWMLWWJVJTMYKCOAUSVEUXJNVWJHYIYHYKEZLPBPMDMFMCBQZALDHHVVCZMBMNKSTZWVVZEONDBODYQORWFWCFYXGUGRJEMVSCUHSUXFKENXNEJRUANHAVQMCPJHGQH

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN

Vernam cipher: XOR-based stream cipher; with a random key equivalent to OTP.


UUTNOJSOMKHRFAFKPLOVZVBDW


QGJ TVFNZ OPBSC IBM EVXRW BUJP QGJ DYKA LBH CJYP QGJ PFUJP

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG NEAR THE RIVER


NJFRVTOIJQESYDQYIJIRGTX


44 23 15 34 33 15 44 24 32 15 35 11 14 24 43 44 23 15 34 42 15 44 24 13 11 31 31 54 45 33 12 42 15 11 25 11 12 31 15 24 21 45 43 15 14 13 34 42 42 15 13 44 31 54 34 35 15 33 43 34 45 42 13 15 44 34 34 31 43 11 31 31 34 52 24 33 14 15 35 15 33 14 15 33 44 51 15 42 24 21 24 13 11 44 24 34 33

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION


UKKTGMPBSZBHPVSFRAXHYMQFGJFXUHRICDRODJTADCBJLLJDKRAJQDHYWXQC

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND INFORMATION IS THE KEY TO VICTORY IN ANY CONFLICT


TQHWDSRHAPERRYDSMAERALSSSOTSSNIDRGEOSPOEUHEARKOQURREGCETATDHBIPHNYEEHNEVPESISTULEURFOESYYAERDCOAEMHRLNRGABTECAEONRTMRIECRBWECURISOIEIANIETYENATOVHETEEDBTEESETBADPSURTPS

THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET


JXYI QRELU QBB JE JXYDU EMD IUBV RU JHKU QDT YJ CKIJ VEBBEM QI DYWXJ JXU TQO

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


60 13 01 14 08 01 20 20 01 14 16 18 15 10 05 03 20 02 18 15 21 07 08 20 20 15 07 05 20 08 05 18 60 07 18 05 01 20 05 19 20 19 03 09 05 14 20 09 06 09 03 13 09 14 04 19 62 60 20 23 05 14 20 09 05 20 08 03 05 14 20 21 18 25 64 01 18 01 03 05 63 02 21 09 12 04 60 01 20 15 13 09 03 02 15 13 02 02 05 06 15 18 05 14 01 26 09 07 05 18 13 01 14 25 03 15 21 12 04 04 15 19 15 60 05 06 06 15 18 20 03 08 01 14 07 05 04 60 23 15 18 12 04 06 15 18 05 22 05 18

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT BROUGHT TOGETHER THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN A RACE TO BUILD THE ATOMIC BOMB BEFORE NAZI GERMANY COULD DO SO THE EFFORT CHANGED THE WORLD FOREVER


PMRASPERAADASTRA


64 39 41 11 77 75 25 29 27 57 28 63 42 20


TNHMGHELRGHXHEOIIASAOAIXEYULNSTOTGNXJOSESIETEOAXOFASWNPZLIXXUANBIGAUONXXRTDETLSWNCXX

THE JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES BEGINS WITH A SINGLE STEP AS LAO TZU WROTE LONG AGO IN CHINA


OISZIUSRXARBWBNUAPHTLFRREDRXPXZKROCHCCGJSILLXJQWFOTKKZWLCGMKZTAGXAPCIBORVNUTMAL

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


ZSGFRMITZTJBPWUYKNWIADRISGNJYBISVVMEFRRBQLVUZQFOWKBGTPEOALTMCXIZARMUBXIYAQWKTZHVKP

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


PEEYG PAJY YAZK YVAJY


Γ ┘· X· ¬ └ L K ┌· ⌐ ─ X ┐· ┘· X Γ· K Γ· ┘· ─ ⌐ ┐· ┐· └ Γ· L X r ┘· └ X· ┌ ─ ⌐ ┌· L ─ r ┌· ⌒· ┐· K Γ· ┘· ─ K ⌒ Γ· r L Γ· ─ Γ L ⌣ ┘· ⌐· r ┘· Γ· ─ r Γ· Γ L ─ r L ┌ L ⌐ X X· ┌· L X └ L K K L ┌· ⌐· ┌· L └· X· L ─ r ⌒· Γ Γ· X K ┌· Γ· ¬ X· K Γ· ┘· ─ ⌐ K ┌· ⌐ ─ X ┐· ⌐ ┌· L ─ K K ┘· ┘· └ X r· ┘· X· └ Γ X r· ┘· ⌒ Γ· K X ┌· L ⌐ X ┘· ─ Γ· ─ ¬·

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING


09991 09903 09992 09993 09992 09901 09993 09907 09907 09999 09995 09993 09994 09903 09900 09900 09903 09911 09907


0856 0918 1255 1421 0472 1346 1421 0012 1255 0472 0918 0729 0219 1346 0347 0538 1255 0792 0156 0918 1503 1255 1346 0285


ZVFRXVBZLAGLDMRGBZGZJARAGDFMRUYOKHGLGBYDQORAGJKTKJBTTBSIIRGFTUABRNUHOXATXFOJTYPCYOLGQDVOAHTFKAKWHGYZMGIYXQINXBJISGFAMOSMOMNYVJRBZXYLCTAJLHWIJUDYLUBPISVOGLARWVBBZYDP

IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ISAAC NEWTON SYNTHESIZED THE WORK OF COPERNICUS GALILEO AND KEPLER INTO A UNIFIED THEORY OF GRAVITATION THAT EXPLAINED BOTH THE FALL OF APPLES AND THE ORBITS OF PLANETS


FLPEIICVTEWLXXVCEWSRILVJKQBRXKRNFYXVWKGPFPWFGOKDDTPMVPKXXBITVKHHTMDFAMNNM

ALEA IACTA EST ET CAESAR RUBICONE TRANSGRESSO BELLUM CIVILE INCIPIT PER TOTAM ROMANAM


TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


TROTNRLOUDDUHHEARIACNDTWSMSAMROPAIONOIASEBACTTTNHQSSCUESSIRHIFXXRNEGVADEESSOXXMTANDO

THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


GFAGDAGXADGXAFDFAAAAXDGAAAXAFAAXAFDFGXDGFAADADAGGDDAFXXGDFADADXFFAGFGGXGXDAFDAAAXAGFAAAFFXXXFXAXGXDXDXXDDGFFDAFDGGGAGDFAAAGDFFDGGAXGGDAAGAADAXADDGGAAGGGDDADGAGADDDGFFGA

VENONA REVEALED THAT NUMEROUS SOVIET AGENTS HAD PENETRATED THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE US GOVERNMENT


VAXGVXFDFFFDDVFDFAAGDGFDDVDGVVDGFDDFAAFADGGDAAFGGFDFGFGDAFGAVDDFVDAAVAADAFDVGVVGDDVAVVDDDDGGFAAVFGDDAGDFDFADFDGAGAGGADGAGGGGAAFAADAFAFAGGFAFFGAFFDDDDFFGAFGGVVGDFVFAAAFDXFFXFFDV

IT IS A TRUTH UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED THAT A SINGLE MAN IN POSSESSION OF A FORTUNE MUST BE IN WANT OF A WIFE


HITMZUIMOXBQBQ


FHOF GVGH GVBA PVCU REFZ NCRN PUYR GGRE GBNQ VSSR ERAG YRGG RE

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER


CLKLRSPDFMTCNRIZ


ARNZIYREXFAPAWUZYQHETPZYUZILPCIKEERJPERFNVUJOJWAEIQZUPATSKOAJOIPUXAIKIGSEGANNNVYDVAGBHREFUDKUIWPZYADEVWNANWOAWYYZOHAJHEBDOMTGEGEYLVHAOCH

ALL GAUL IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS ONE OF WHICH THE BELGAE INHABIT THE AQUITANI ANOTHER AND THE THIRD THOSE WHO IN THEIR OWN LANGUAGE ARE CALLED CELTS IN OURS GAULS


24 26 77 34 58 39 44 45 38 59 23 26 57 63 35 46 57 43


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THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


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DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU THIS IS THE GOLDEN RULE OF ALL RELIGIONS