GAGXDDDXGXADAGDFFDGFGXXXGGDGFGAGAFAFAXFADDGFGFAAFXXGXAGGGAXDFXXFDDXXXGGXFGAGADGFDFDFGFAADGGFDFFADGDAADFFADGGADADFFFFGFFGFGXDFFAADDGFXAXGGXXFGAAGGD

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN RAGED IN THE SKIES ABOVE ENGLAND FOR FOUR MONTHS IN NINETEEN FORTY


YYEEWMUTZIHAQLYAQBZTDJXIEUIPAYBABAHGEFJYNLWOEGJGDORHUNCKKGUTOCDLUNHBUKEHLP

I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHICH STRENGTHENETH ME IN EVERY TRIAL AND TRIBULATION


OTLOBBIUXCKSDEEKOUPY


BNRWIADDGTEADDEESYTOR


RIOULMBTYETIAWONDANOESN


GCIOPRY KP DOWRB


WJNWCGXQCCQQADEIYPNAUPBVVWCHQEFCVYTBQDECNZKDSVEZQNFRPOSHOZQGTQMMCQIHXAU

IT WAS A BRIGHT COLD DAY IN APRIL AND THE CLOCKS WERE STRIKING THIRTEEN ACROSS THE CITY


BUZOIWFAXPED


ZHJGSCDEJPLARNVBQAFI


KALHLMMAUCSL


FRPHEVGL PYNVZF FUBHYQ OR GRFGRQ HAQRE FPEHGVAL SERDHRAPL NANYLFVF PNA ERIRNY JRNX PVCUREF UBARFGYL

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS HONESTLY


DVOJWHJWZBBEE


62 66 25 25 70 65 47 42 38 47 28 48 67


TIGLR IKEWO MZUAQ XTVFV YDOXS REGWO GQALB QOVMF WHAZW QUHEK YSIPP IMSJZ ZNZPM GSSJI AZLVI PGMCJ RKIWZ LFCCF NFHXJ LLBII YFNGE SUPEU KHKQV PFGSG JFSWC ABBPD NUNHX YKY

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER


11 43 13 54 44 11 31 15 24 43 11 42 34 14 45 43 15 14 12 54 43 35 11 42 44 11 33 43 44 34 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 32 15 43 43 11 22 15 43

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


CNEIN ASOLP DKESO UMSCY OOINA TLRDU IRTOM ERNNR ARSX

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


76 57 55 59 67 73 46 43 28 28 29 46 64 58 76 60 28 49 38 53 49


WEARFSUCHSTUFFASDREAMSAREMADEONANDOURLITTLELIEEISROUNDEDWITHASLEEP

WE ARE SUCH STUFF AS DREAMS ARE MADE ON AND OUR LITTLE LIFE IS ROUNDED WITH A SLEEP


JSQPLMHUAIVODKDM


DXFVDFGXDXDGGFGXAXGGADDFAGDVADADGFFADDAFAAGDAFDAGDXAFAGFGAVDADADXDXAAVDFDFAAAXAADAFFAGADFAFFDGAXAXAVAFAVDFGGFGDFDFGFFFAFADFFFDAXGDGDDFAFDDXADDAGVDFDVGADXFXGFDFF

THE ENIGMA MACHINE HAD AN ASTRONOMICAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SETTINGS MAKING IT SEEM UNBREAKABLE


WFWEQJWLJWSLKFGJLZ


GVDDVDDDDGAADGXAGFAAFDADGAGFGAGAGADFVVAFVFDVVVAAGGDGAGAADDGAADGVVVGGGADADGDAVDFVDGFDGDAAAFAA

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID THE CAPTAIN TO THE CREW


ZMTTPXFPAGWJXJVDUWVXHTPCIJXFVXOTZOBAYUNHXSCZCJZADZLYPFFKNJQAUFOUTFEUIDEFVBZRBKCAUDBKHJVYDTXHZRHFMKACDZZDXQSWYJBTMMKHJIEFVRMMHLSPHETPJRKYDZUEARWZNNMBCAPVZJIQGXUXQCQDDEXAJOUNUJALUMM

FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


GVPYJJEHQKHTQM


NPKOYNGKTHYREOVQDYYXMNRPQESUSPLVXIZDGOGOYJHFMWECLWCZAFPBBRTQYXUEZECLYQPUYXLNL

DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


BAABA AABBB AABAA ABABA ABAAA AAAAB BAAAA AAAAA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAAAA AABAA BAAAB AABAA BAAAA BAABB AABAA BAAAB ABAAB ABBAA ABBAB BABAA ABABA AABAA AAABB AABBA AABAA AABAB ABBAB BAAAA BAABA AABBB AABAA AAABA ABBAB ABABB ABABB BAABB ABBAA ABAAA BAABA BABBA AABAA BAAAA BAAAA ABBAB BAAAA AAABA ABBAB BAAAA BAAAA AABAA AAABA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAA ABBAA AAABB AAABB AABAA BAABA AABAA AAABA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAA BAAAA AABAA AABAB BAABB ABBAA AAABB AAAAA ABABB AABAA ABBAA BAABA AAAAA ABABA BAABA ABBAB BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA AABAA BAAAB BABBA BAAAB BAABA AABAA ABABB BAAAB BAAAA ABBAB BAABB BAABA AABAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA AAABB AAAAA AABBA BAAAA ABAAA AAABB ABAAA ABBAA AAAAA ABBBA BAAAA AABAA BAAAB AAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAAAB AABAA AAABB AABBA AABAA ABBAB ABABB AABAA BAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAABA ABBBA AAAAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA ABBAA ABBAB ABBBA AABAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBAB BAABB BAAAA AAABA AABAA BAABA ABBAB ABBAB ABABA BAAAB AAAAA ABABA ABABA ABBAB BABAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA ABBBA AABAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA BAABA BAABB AABAA BAAAA ABAAA AABAB ABAAA AAABA AAAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA

THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


CGIREUOCSDRIVFAMROASRRYATCFIMTREESROIUNSTHPPTHEIEGNOMSXXAANICCCPYO

CRYPTOGRAPHY IS THE PRACTICE OF SECURING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ADVERSARIES


OLXQKUECVVECOAIAFTNOIEWLQEIFOCNVXCFJIQBAURXGTPDJRPMTALPXLQSSJWXWGNVDOXVESLZ

ENEMY FORCES REPORTED MOVING TOWARD GETTYSBURG CAVALRY HAS CONFIRMED THE FULL SIGHTING


ELNFZERZPQVDDKPRCEXNJMHFPSKMBXPWRKQXWDXHPKLYCZHDMGWCBMBCBQFSDCTZEIQAGIOH

DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU THIS IS THE GOLDEN RULE OF ALL RELIGIONS


⟨a11⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL CERTAINLY

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


RCOIPEAVEALLLAAINABPVUS


ATWNR RGVBI JEDCW CMHJZ CVUVS REXTP OMLYT MNTZT KSSQH QKVRY MQRZK JKVGY PMZQE XIPZB QLEYH SQJLA XVOGR RRCSJ NSTFR IPYZD NULXN FCKRX FOHFQ OROG

HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


VAJFYDHYAXKFYHSMOTIVERCGFSICTINVVVCLZXTBXCKVPBAUDJDEANXUGZVRSDVSZSKVJCYIITOMIKXQFPXAMUVEIIVGIUFMMRNBDAHATANLACFGYKBUNNCGSENKHNURDREGUFQFJZFFCALERMRHNDXCORALNBWOSOPV

THE LORD IS MY SHEPHERD I SHALL NOT WANT HE MAKETH ME TO LIE DOWN IN GREEN PASTURES HE LEADETH ME BESIDE THE STILL WATERS HE RESTORETH MY SOUL HE LEADETH ME IN THE PATHS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS FOR HIS NAME SAKE


CTPUXLRTNTULFSRKOZUWEAVBNOREJLHPUBIWBBPULQBQTJRQORLVFSIGGRLCICUEEZCHANOPDAVQHRIZRUMSBXEKQTVULHEZL

ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION SLOWLY

Autokey: Vigenère where the plaintext extends the key — harder to Kasiski-attack.


THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN RAGED IN THE SKIES ABOVE ENGLAND FOR FOUR MONTHS IN NINETEEN FORTY


IOSGVXETYRMFSTPZWRIMKILRFLTBDUPEGBFHAOEYJBGAWEEMKPPGWNVZTHFGUQQTJHEALDGLOXUCJPUWWG

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


QFSECRRTLBWVHFMVUTH


DRIWOBETSECIBFXECVMZITUOTIXRIJOIQCUZCIJIPIJREXIFPUQAOKIVKBRALOKIXAQIZILEXZIFSUY

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


WRQQVKOQSXJMCQNCFFHORAXBBJ++TACKSAN+WCOZRIZNF+CBAKCEGJNXAAGGMMTOVOQNLNDQVUABFOWWQTROWOKWDOCFRWNJTLDPNMOWOQFQKSFCMMPECSJSLM+OYDZYOTUQFPVSOFRBEEGUWD+SBKMFFLX+KBWCHXCRN

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE FROM BLETCHLEY PARK GAVE THE ALLIES AN ENORMOUS ADVANTAGE IN WORLD WAR TWO BY REVEALING GERMAN INTENTIONS BEFORE OPERATIONS BEGAN BUT THE SOURCE HAD TO BE PROTECTED AT ALL COSTS


AKQARAGLTNEDIXGMUZMUQAANMAITNQKBZTRUXVCOLPIPUZCYIAKIBIUYZPLNVHASJUMUFRULWGJKTNVULW

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   BE   /   DZEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   MOASI   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   A-KEH-DI-GLINI   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   NO-DA-IH   /   BE   /   TKIN   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   TSAH   /   DIBEH   /   SHUSH   /   DZEH   /   MA-E   /   A-KHA   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   KLIZZIE   /   TKIN   /   TSAH   /   AH-JAH   /   MOASI

THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


IJISIIKRLNTTMAEGLLVXMTTFZRYSRWWJUETICTOSORSMCVOAHWPJNTZYZQPMVYIIIRCIRHDPH

ALEA IACTA EST ET CAESAR RUBICONE TRANSGRESSO BELLUM CIVILE INCIPIT PER TOTAM ROMANAM


XCRIZ CVMC ZLOECVID


⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a37⟩

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX


⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩

ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS


DBYEOETQSICRTVDGFO


CNRWDBRQSPQJOTNFSNHGT


2 5 1 21 6 15 18 20 9 19 20 8 5 18 5 3 9 16 18 15 3 1 12 15 6 22 9 7 5 14 5 18 5 1 14 4 4 5 3 18 25 16 20 19 9 20 19 5 12 6 4 9 6 6 9 5 1 14 4 8 5 12 12 13 1 14 9 14 20 18 15 4 21 3 5 4 16 21 2 12 9 3 11 5 25 3 18 25 16 20 15 7 18 1 16 8 25 9 14 14 9 14 5 20 5 5 14 19 5 22 5 14 20 25 19 9 24

BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


LFWHHPUPELBWZAEXRYPQPBCRTPSKVQAKLBUAMAVZJMQKHZEEIUBXTEKYVOWYCICKTANEUWWRWHZVMPGSWTPMWQCGYJXATONPGWEIPQVYNZJYODVXRLCTLBKLZKQSQOICLWKAYAIIDMLJPXGKKATRRUXYEKMFMTGLYVZ

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


19.3.5 3.3.2 18.4.1 11.4.7 16.6.4 11.1.8 4.1.2 4.4.1 12.2.2 15.1.1 4.5.5 11.6.5 18.2.2 15.2.1 3.3.8 8.3.2 15.1.6 13.5.4 18.5.6 10.3.5 2.6.2 4.5.6 7.2.7 5.1.9 2.6.1 9.6.3 14.4.3 19.4.6 17.4.7 14.3.1 1.4.10 16.2.4 14.1.7 6.5.4 1.6.3 1.1.6 10.1.3 10.4.6 5.6.4 12.1.10 3.3.3 4.2.9 9.1.2 6.2.5 6.2.10 17.1.4 20.3.5 9.1.5 14.3.3 16.3.6 13.3.1 15.6.4 1.4.7 2.1.4 14.1.1 2.1.2 7.3.2 13.6.7 9.1.4 15.3.9 8.2.2 14.1.5 3.1.9 11.5.2 18.4.1 9.5.6 12.4.10 12.6.4 10.4.7 6.5.10 6.6.3 14.6.3 8.4.3 10.1.8 3.6.5 4.2.2 2.5.5 18.1.10 15.5.4 8.4.8 9.2.3 5.4.10 13.5.9 17.6.9 1.6.8 18.2.9 16.2.5 20.1.6 7.2.10 18.6.7 13.4.10 6.4.2 20.3.5 18.2.1 2.6.1 20.1.9 15.6.10 1.2.10 9.4.9 1.2.9 8.2.4 13.6.7 10.6.9 19.6.5 9.2.9 14.4.1 3.1.10 11.4.10 8.4.6 7.3.6

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


LIA FOLKPFABP ELIAP


XOLWUZEJNMNINFHWELYXNCHSCXIIBRVZSGBQGWMWYBQESLYQSZIBRXUTPOPHGCTFJSMDOUYFCENOY

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


ONZEASEUSJOCJKZETVXWBDAYJHNMCEQHQZLPTLOXZJZCLJMHSSEMCCLMLTQJ

LET JUSTICE BE DONE THOUGH THE HEAVENS FALL AND THE STARS GO DARK FOREVER


34 35 15 33 43 34 45 42 13 15 44 34 34 31 43 11 31 31 34 52 24 33 14 15 35 15 33 14 15 33 44 51 15 42 24 21 24 13 11 44 24 34 33 14 34 33 34 44 13 34 33 21 45 43 15 34 12 21 45 43 13 11 44 24 34 33 52 24 44 23 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 24 34 33 44 34 32 34 42 42 34 52

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION TOMORROW


UABEG CBXEL TULDG WWCJE CCLTM CSTOG ALMOY HRNVP DWZFL TSYIJ TGEKO LVSTC NTIIT EWLFP YKLXY FFYTA FBEIY UMHAA FEWCO HNRZS JUPZX HGBSB ZYKLX YRRMD YLRTE KTULR TATQI LWKAO BBRSS MDSIT PZBZD RT

FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN


THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


4 9 7 18 1 16 8 1 14 4 20 18 9 7 18 1 16 8 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 9 5 19 5 24 16 15 19 5 19 9 13 16 12 5 3 9 16 8 5 18 19

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS


HFZMFMBBFKOSEBMPFTWEPOFIIYSARVYGNHRWDBARAHBLTVIEHYVIFSKOSJOIPBGVVLOFHZZCISI

ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE THE WAR IN THE EAST IS OVER


LAJTPQEPDJQHBLPYBUCVNJTMYBLUXHMLAJBJKLHMTJIHDNYIPBQJURULJOIJVYZJMLHPIOYMPVUOYLABHK

THE PACKAGE CONTAINS BLUEPRINTS FOR THE NEW TORPEDO GUIDANCE SYSTEM DELIVER TO ADMIRAL SMITH NOW


BMYBDYWMQAVMGAMMAYBBEYUWTGDUBAPBJPNGLAQPGJVMDWLYNAVMBRYQUMNABESKJPTYMDQBDVMTDA

IT IS BETTER TO REMAIN SILENT AND BE THOUGHT A FOOL THAN TO SPEAK AND REMOVE ALL DOUBT


KCDUHTAA EAHPU LTCMPU YAEEU OPU APJU WOM NAOD JCPS OPU OHPU DHAL LTUMPU

WATERLOO MORNE PLAINE COMME UNE ONDE QUI BOUT DANS UNE URNE TROP PLEINE


AWV LYGN YB QVTQ


ZANQS LHRRHNM MNV


13 11 15 43 11 42 43 23 24 21 44 15 14 44 23 15 11 31 35 23 11 12 15 44 12 54 44 23 42 15 15 35 34 43 24 44 24 34 33 43 32 34 14 15 42 33 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 24 34 33 24 43 33 34 44 12 42 34 25 15 33 12 54 31 15 44 44 15 42 21 42 15 41 45 15 33 13 54 23 24 31 31 13 24 35 23 15 42 45 43 15 43 31 24 33 15 11 42 11 31 22 15 12 42 11 44 34 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 12 31 34 13 25 43 34 21 31 15 44 44 15 42 43

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS


OTMXAGETRDNTFQQRST


HDEQI RMYPV RZZGJ GCZRV TGPWF BBSWN BIHPO FGXEQ BFROP OLXGA SIRSB JDDPV YWUWC IRUTR FXJNM MMIGQ ELQRP VNSDL KWNRE MFMKX NRWBJ VBJLN LCCGV QEOCE LTARV JTCXQ XVVMA PNUGM BZWJX ETZLZ GABNU HHYAT FXKLG LQFXJ JREIS QYMHA P

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN

Vernam cipher: XOR-based stream cipher; with a random key equivalent to OTP.


STHRYMMEWATCEHOLHNWABEUAAAHLYRLSIECANASWIHWOOEEENAESTWLTTMILANDS

WHAT IS IN A NAME THAT WHICH WE CALL A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD SMELL AS SWEET


5563 4614 4427 4614 4427 4154 5741 4427 4998 5488 4361 4427 4298 4871 4154 5397 4427 5563 4614 4427 4550 4871 5060 5397 5963 5060 4489 4550 5060 4361 4154 4998 4361 5563 4614 4427 4489 4680 5397 4934 4154 4934 4427 4998 5563 5488 4614 5060 5814 4427 5563 4614 4489 5060 5397 5563 4614 4614 4680 5488 4614 4154 4998 4361 4680 5814 5060 5397 4809 4427 4154 4298 4614 4998 4680 4550 4614 5563

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


SFEXVNZF KUKTYF GWELDW VZ PBQSEE WQHJX ZKAEEUAM DFVF LIPNZC SOPNV EQRVE RXOQCSCTVFM PZNFDHCBVLSS IHMBKC EUWUJVV MBZ WINGACGW FD ZOZNO AAFWIYFFL

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS

Trithemius: progressive Caesar (shift = letter position); no key needed.


NGLPEHNGEJAHUGLYRQBAAKWMXBYURXRDWYMKSVNLCOQVJORSSLRPEHHWJKQNBDNALBRBJACETCXPWQFVJORA

SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE OR SIGINT INVOLVES INTERCEPTION AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS


MUPENGKHMKUWPEGTHOLKPMPZOCAJWPKZUPGMLZBQXPDBQTFJVCPFDWPHSJKV

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND INFORMATION IS THE KEY TO VICTORY IN ANY CONFLICT


GDHBVFFEEJPVHGZ


VEPBGRTPSVUWTQBBC


HVIENPRISWGXAWVLVGHSAEUTNPNAQSCXHVKYMTYJVGSCURWVBESTFYFV

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS LIFE OR DEATH


ZEUDXKFRDKNWOALSNU


DHOYV QWBSE OFGDI QGHES RSFRE ISEQO ESSHZ RNFWT AOZOA GHEWB TOEBX SSAVU ZOIWG UQEWP GOARG VSPBZ PRZOQ UVAR

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE

Porta: 13-row table polyalphabetic cipher; reciprocal (encrypt = decrypt).


11 32 34 14 15 31 13 11 33 13 31 11 43 43 24 21 54 35 11 44 44 15 42 33 43 12 45 44 24 44 13 11 33 11 31 43 34 12 15 52 42 34 33 22

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG


WWZZV VMWHK POYUF PPWFF GOFKE GPKAM ICUUK TAPLT SRDKL PLUDG

ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN


BBOWSNWLGPCEYCQYNTWBHYLLPCMIRUZVVKIGPEDVUDZTNWUOOCOCDBYGQGXCXFWUHWJRTVPSHZ

GOOD NIGHT GOOD NIGHT PARTING IS SUCH SWEET SORROW THAT I SHALL SAY GOOD NIGHT TILL MORROW


XXXWDUTUKTPTTUGPLURMZTSJRYCYBCXAXWDUTUKTPTTHGZYUKKIYBMZAOEGEFXIAVUMP

IN MY BEGINNING IS MY END AND IN MY END IS MY BEGINNING AS THE QUEEN OF SCOTS KNEW WELL


FMWATHWQUMQZCJQZUWQGLIVQNZVQAMQZCVQVIUVXMQCVHQUFYJYMUMMYMJDFUMMYUFMIVQNZSJPPWUUWIKWURMQVFVHQSJUFWPPWBWJPWXPMCVQIMZUFMVXEMIUJBMJZUFMQJADMVBMQPVVKJYDUFMWQDVYYMCVQMZU

HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS ORDERS FOR OCTOBER FOURTH NINETEEN EIGHTEEN THE CORPS WILL ATTACK AT ZERO HOUR WITH ALL AVAILABLE FORCES THE OBJECTIVE IS THE RIDGE OVERLOOKING THE ARGONNE FOREST


QQROONWLMTJFQPHTI


ZISFAHSJJSGTLJXOJJFBLMPMTVFMUFQEAITHWISQRTITMLTPJKHGSSRBTELJZJPMKLOHJY

WHOEVER FINDS HIS LIFE WILL LOSE IT AND WHOEVER LOSES HIS LIFE FOR MY SAKE WILL FIND IT


ONKJWNLZDNBRWLJFHFJCPUTXKZMGBEVFCTYNPPRNNJL

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


XGAAAFGADFGFDFDADDGAFFAGADAADADFAAAAADDDXAGADAGDAAAXAFAFXDGADXADDDFXAGDGGXDAAFDXXXDGADXXGADDDGGFDAAAAAFXAAAFGAAAGF

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


OXJFKKUUHVPCNLAHRXTANSRAQEVGFPJBVGSTYCWTHZMOKIQPMKWFFXDBBELNLYUIPZJFBSYGIYIBRAPZLYJS

THE REGIMENT WILL HOLD ITS POSITION UNTIL REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVE FROM THE EASTERN COMMAND POST HERE


DMPTLXXJGWZRMRQWMRMDYYLCNTGFICNLYRXDXQBERMZCNYODPXKZMIHWYDIRZYXZWBXZBYR

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND THE FRONTIER OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE CALLS TO EACH GENERATION ANEW


FNCWQYGNUNPXT


JUYFHVYPWVMRKNFMXBJ


HUMA NREA DABL EOXT PUTS HOUL XSHO WALL REXS ONIZ GSTE PSXC ZZ

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


WUBIHJMXMONKKMASJIRFDKPFVYEOAABBDJXGZJJAVKLSOSKNPPXOCVVDCNIIXBVSDDBKNUNQMEVQYZJJVSG

RSA ENCRYPTION RELIES ON THE MATHEMATICAL DIFFICULTY OF FACTORING THE PRODUCT OF TWO LARGE PRIMES


EW BNW FWGFIW GP BNW YHLBWQ XBVBWX LH GCQWC BG PGCZ V ZGCW FWCPWRB YHLGH WXBVTILXN KYXBLRW LHXYCW QGZWXBLR BCVHDYLILBU FCGALQW PGC BNW RGZZGH QWPWHXW FCGZGBW BNW OWHWCVI EWIPVCW

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE


EVCFCLHIAAAIEOOTISTNSEOEUXETEECRANEFEEINHPTCRFVSLEEYTQBOTCOWANATINTUEOEFRNRFDNPDERFOIEUTSNGEATUIRRNCIANIIETEEOIFUOLGRANTUNSNDELNCIBOHMTUSDAOEOTYLEEFAM

AFTER AN UNEQUIVOCAL EXPERIENCE OF THE INEFFICIENCY OF THE SUBSISTING FEDERAL GOVERNMENT YOU ARE CALLED UPON TO DELIBERATE ON A NEW CONSTITUTION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


BAABA AABBB AABAA ABBBA ABABA AAAAA BABBA AABAB AAAAA ABAAA BAAAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AABAA ABBAA AAABA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAABA BAAAB ABBBA AAAAA ABAAA BAAAA BAAAB ABBAB AABAB ABABA AABAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAAAB ABAAA ABABB BAABB ABABA BAABA AAAAA ABBAA AABAA ABBAB BAABB BAAAB ABABA BABBA ABBBA ABBAB ABABA BABBA AAAAA ABABA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA AAAAB AABAA BAABA ABAAA AAABA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAABB BAAAB AABAA ABABB BAABB ABABA BAABA ABAAA ABBBA ABABA AABAA AAAAA ABABA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA AAAAB AABAA BAABA BAAAB AABBB ABAAA AABAB BAABA BAAAB AAABA AAAAA BAAAA AABAA AABAB BAABB ABABA ABABA BABBA

THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS CAREFULLY


⟨w26⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a37⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a37⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w22⟩

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS


IDKQCYBFCZCUEAGUZQIGR


A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


VJGEQWTUGQHVTWGNQXGPGXGTFKFTWPUOQQVJVJTQWIJCIGU

THE COURSE OF TRUE LOVE NEVER DID RUN SMOOTH THROUGH AGES


UGLUAPAHMHPMHBQNTUOHSEQNKLUCQLLZAHPMNKQNTYOHTOQPAUULPOMTUCKOHANIMTUSCRAHUGMQ

THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS THE ULTIMATE SPEED LIMIT IN THE UNIVERSE EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED THIS


O GEOAFCOESAG GBBN FUBHYR FUBJ VGF ESOFBAVAT QB ABG NBATHFR BPTHFNOGWBA JVGV RANELCGWBA GVR NOFWFXW RKOZVAOGWBA TVARF ESCROGRR GEWUEOZF WA NWCUSEGSKG

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT


SBXTJNRSKNKZPUGRNSOLGSIOLZAYUQQAMAFEUJAZZLTPUQXBYYFJQMVULRJDNOKUEDQXCXDRIX

THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


ICGLMVEEIHQRQAGTELZKQQLWJYTBBXFUCKWACLSLNKDODOGEZIMNCASXQJSKZWJFUHENKYLHQZIVIGV

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


NPWQBLJWXMFSEAANIK


MVZPDDTBYBZQQMAVQLBRIZOOUQLLZQPLVZQYGJQMOXCPWIVZDRBBLFNLZSYZRWJZKMODCQSMCRLRYLWQQJ

THE PACKAGE CONTAINS BLUEPRINTS FOR THE NEW TORPEDO GUIDANCE SYSTEM DELIVER TO ADMIRAL SMITH NOW


GIRANALSVPAIXLTELY


THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG LASTED THREE DAYS AND COST OVER FIFTY THOUSAND CASUALTIES TOTAL


41 11 47 61 38 21 28 64 78 30 24 53 38 74 75 11 46 88 82 49 78 30 82 86 78 70 41 50 79 28 82 86 11 53 28 64 78 10 38 82 21 11 28 79 61 58 30 78 31 21 47 40 41 13 15 69 82 51 46 38 78 45 75 11 49 79 28 24 30 53 37 11 64 82 61 78 49 46 40 53 38 82 70 86 78 21 70 62 82 28 79 16 78 47 13 12 30 82 21 75 78 86 70 82 89 46 11 41 53 40 28 46 11 64 79 28 50 21 74 61 78 51 53 38 71 49 47 12 64 11 49 82 26 10 79 63 78 28 64 82 80 21 75 11 24 45 77 80 31 78 79 61 74 30 82

IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE GREAT TASK REMAINING BEFORE US THAT FROM THESE HONORED DEAD WE TAKE INCREASED DEVOTION TO THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE THE LAST FULL MEASURE


XAAJYPXRVAMUDTPRRNEJAZ


NV KYV GVFGCV FW KYV LEZKVU JKRKVJ ZE FIUVI KF WFID R DFIV GVIWVTK LEZFE VJKRSCZJY ALJKZTV ZEJLIV UFDVJKZT KIREHLZCZKP GIFMZUV WFI KYV TFDDFE UVWVEJV GIFDFKV KYV XVEVIRC NVCWRIV


CZLHF HRZGX BEGZS WVBOA NNMTK UTWMM MAVBU OFMAS HQR

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


WFAORTCSIRFTLRGSEFHETTTEAFFTTETHEOEBIIYHNEATOFHRGSEPCNLCRSEHEUIMTISTRCEEEELIBANPOORUSUANNPEIOMNHRAVMRENLBEEDROMINEJIORTOPEDROUDQDOMASSRTSELONEUOSNEEDLESRPETMIFDTWCIYXNUEEEOLEISETTO

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE AND SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY


EBRNPTFVNKWWD+KCYPQIOLGGGGVEYBERGXTRRLBSICKSOSCRFSWPDIPOHFFKDLDKDIZEKBIDNDSCZKNILFGXBLKECRXY+EWCLCETLIMDWSCZFWVNBCYLPRMV+KYEWI+HJDCTR+POIMFWXRBOXLDCPF


09 20 23 01 19 60 02 05 19 20 62 20 09 13 05 19 09 20 23 01 19 60 23 15 18 19 20 62 20 09 13 05 19

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS THE WORST OF TIMES


OTNAOTJUUYNBFGTHYNOCZHIZTBUYDKXXKHNWSSBNQYAERJUHPTFNKKRQJVABBSJPERQWMEBTRPGHYZON

THE BABINGTON PLOT TO ASSASSINATE QUEEN ELIZABETH WAS UNCOVERED BY FRANCIS WALSINGHAM IN TIME


SAECIZKERSMLLCYC


⟨a03⟩ ⟨a16⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨a12⟩ ⟨a18⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨a16⟩


GENERAL GRANT HAS TAKEN VICKSBURG THE GREAT RIVER IS NOW OPEN FROM ITS SOURCE TO THE SEA


NOSEP DAEZK VFJVJ YVXHO ZHARB JPRCS AGVHR WIAFG DORHF RRINF JKXTV FDHAI MIOPL AXNJA QIQQC RCIPX KBHTE GADPB JYMOC LRLPU WUSBR JSXZN GNBCK SSEWC JCKEY KXROC GQTMJ SFEAS QPKHC LTQJR ZRKSL AGRLD VBXHC SAJVG POJZR

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES


HETZPAPTJIZPJTHWQHZZZQWCVZNSKWQPHGAKIPCOZVAWWBRWNHZFWXGDX

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


DCKQXJYDJYYDVMJXQTVRXGMBWBKXQRRMRGMYFOCFNCIXSGGRAKBINPEVXMPPHVECYOEEZVCFGUAAHDZNROSRYWZG

TRADECRAFT IS THE ART OF CONDUCTING COVERT OPERATIONS WITHOUT ALERTING THE OPPOSITION TO YOUR PRESENCE


MIEXCEAEXXCSUUXXTREOXXNTWCX


O9 O1 Z4 H1 N6 C0 H4 U3 U2 M4 N9 E1 O5 U4 Z3 K4 M4 Q2 L7 Q2 M4 E5 Y8 O3 B7 N5 Q1 O4 N6 G4 U4 E9 D8 S7 P2 M8 U4 H5 M9 D8 N2 Y6 L1 Q2 G7 O0 C7 H4 Z4 O7 Y6 G7 K1 Z3 Q3 L1 Y8 F6 L8 B4 Q8 F0 E8 V8 P8 B6 F1 N3 L2 K1 A2 L8 B4 O0 R3 O3 C7 I3 M7 Q3 O2 R3 N9 M8 H4 V2 D6 O4 D5 F5 Q8 P0 V8 E1 N9 N3 F0 E6 P2 Y6 O5 Q4 E6 L7 L1 A4 S0 G3 X3 O0 G0 D6 G3 G3 Z3 Q8 T4 C0 K8 D5 D6 C0 N3 X3 P5 M9 L1 D8 G3 G5 K4 L8 E8 C0 P2 S8 S7 G6 X3 Z3 C0 B7 W1 R0 F0 D8 N8 N4 O3 E9 Q1 G3 G3 N5 O0 B6 D4 N6 K2 N8

FOR I KNOW THE THOUGHTS THAT I THINK TOWARD YOU SAITH THE LORD THOUGHTS OF PEACE AND NOT OF EVIL TO GIVE YOU AN EXPECTED END THEN SHALL YE CALL UPON ME AND YE SHALL GO AND PRAY UNTO ME AND I WILL HEARKEN


FMWSDCKSHHRWVIBZSWTGZLC


7974 7194 8437 9003 8369 8685 7467 7467 8038 8100 7529 8528 7338 8100 8603 8528 8854 7194 8528 7256 7467 7654 7467 7194 7401 7467 7401 7194 7529 8603 7467 8437 7654 7467 8437 7338 7720 8206 7654 7467 8437 7911 7467 8603 8603 7467 8437 8528 8854 7467 8437 7467 7401 7467 7338 8100 7401 7467 7401 7256 9003 8603 7654 8100 7974 7194 8528 8206 7654 7467 7911 7720 8206 8206 7467 8528

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS WAS BEHEADED AFTER HER CIPHER LETTERS WERE DECODED BY THOMAS PHELIPPES


RGEGTABSPCHGKOSBLOUIOZTXTPVEQUGABYPPRNTPEAQAHQNAVEQUMQKOOSLCDQQKUSGAPPSKDOBMBSORSBLXKODSVEHUQATADNMLBERSTACNFUDOTILHQZQGABLENZORFIPPDNULOIPPKNEMPSLAEIOARODFSAORRVSSDOTURIFU

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


TSYGYOIJTUGFARXQHZEEKJTGDUUJFHZMQUEUUFQZYUDOWSSUEPYMVKXFVSBXVPFYRDCIXYDGRMQ

ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE THE WAR IN THE EAST IS OVER


QETNAORDVLTHNUONEHLEOOMAEBETHVIBSYRXCJURETHRDSUHXXASTSMEROAOTMXXBAFTRAVEOPBEX

QUOTH THE RAVEN NEVERMORE THE BIRD SAT ON THE BUST OF PALLAS JUST ABOVE MY CHAMBER DOOR


AFFDFXVDFXDVADXAFDAVAAADDAXGVDGXAVFAAGDDFXFG


XCHTFSTPFSUUDHUUZECATLTUTCNDKRXCHOTKCZITZEHLHLCHMOMRFSRIKRYLABMEDHTPFSCATPDDTQFSMHTUOSMSSFCGONLHPTTQFSUUGFSFIZKRMMPHHRFSYRRSTEZUGHSFITHGLX

WHETHER THEREFORE YE EAT OR DRINK OR WHATSOEVER YE DO DO ALL TO THE GLORY OF GOD FOR THE EARTH IS THE LORDS AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF THE WORLD AND THEY THAT DWELL THEREIN


VGTAJGQXGUSEABQVCAFBCJUGLUHTFNWENSFROIPIYAXALHPBVWUALQANGKYRPQGJSFQOUTGONWOR

AT THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY AMERICAN DIVE BOMBERS DESTROYED FOUR JAPANESE CARRIERS IN MINUTES


CIMSUGBWBDDBDDITQPDPCBLKQDCAIGXSBQNLRVBLASQMDPCJWNCAIGPIEQCRDLEDIRQVIF

IN THE BEGINNING WAS THE WORD AND THE WORD WAS WITH GOD AND FULL OF GRACE


6321 02566 01632 05660 0395 2846 03853 01950 01619 4396 1038 01662 01010 2861 05048 2566 1593 5685 7237 05658 2847 6281 01608 05989 6354 01656 7564 06301 2846 4430 00390 08242 02886 02274 08203 0409 2198 5121 00393 06366 06366 01612 5697 4491 06294 02608 01627 00686 01591 06012 6291 03805 1611 6029 06006 4796 4402 05991 6043 2581 4753 07276 07280 02545 01616 5655 01627 06354 2523 01615 4083 01657 06287 2563 04802 1287 01951 0403 2850 3790 06025 0349 04427 0355 1962 1953 2865 4396 1623 00967 2895 5064 02574 1590 5655 0402 05097 5049 3839 2855 1638 06062 00358 03782 02828 04462 01612 00332 05683 1904 6693 04411 0988 06329 02925 4802 4406 06334 4787 01665 00368 01027 02586 03783 01625 6373 6369 01636 5653

THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


YFNODJWCKOAIMTMMHQWWAUZOZVYMGNGRQONTHTNKOZBRCGCIBHSTXQRRUEGTLRFOFAXUTSCOBLNVIDKBHN

THE PACKAGE CONTAINS BLUEPRINTS FOR THE NEW TORPEDO GUIDANCE SYSTEM DELIVER TO ADMIRAL SMITH NOW


CLAG IAIH NODA IHSH USHD IBEH YAZZ IETK INMO ASIT KINT SAHM AEGA HWOL LACH EEDI BEHT HANZ IEGA HNOD AIHM OASI THAN ZIEN ODAI HGAH DZEH BEDZ EHDI BEHD ZEHG AHAK EHDI GLIN IDZE HDIB EHMO ASIW OLLA CHEE GAHD ZEHM AENO DAIH DIBE HYAZ ZIEB EDZE HDIB EHTK INAH JAH

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN


1285 2844 01982 1948 2876 01590 00408 04455 01273 2606 1594 3774 03790 04103 00392 04495 02839 4478 06341 5702 4721 01308 6688 01005 01611 1314 5039 06679 0717 03865 2846 01016 03468 1588 7930 00978 5721 07870 5033 6340 04783 2233 5719 0364 05115 02548 07923 02924 4453 04413 2903 4403 01638 06366 01601 1653 04445 06004 1643 06909 01620 04403 06369 07934 06007 2860 7559 0355 04153 4737 01333 01652 3839 1012 0319 04487 00999 3770 0372 06015 05997 02867 1896 7894 05089 0340 6363 06356 01574 5749 4452 06050 00675 06612 06341 2918 06300 1005 00333 4397 0373 3864 5966 04753 00630 01597 07314 5714 04740 04438 02240 06331 02557 1588 0723 2831 1893 02844 01348 1009 2877 05057 02523 1636 05683 1034 04764 4180 0706 02919 04474 1617 6059 0342 5089 4760 3801 07941 00689 2841 6656 06046 6008 05364 06657 00348 05722 1589 07261 02868 06321 02523 6308 5748 00381 4461 6061 5069 04714 06058 02876 6285 2850 04771 4416

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION


GWPBLPIKWAVXDASVXKXFAPWBLKVBABIFBWNGVAPIAEFBLRTEGVERTBAPBEDTSMAPVIDBLFUKSIGTVLDTWATAPIC

DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT OLD AGE SHOULD BURN AND RAVE AT CLOSE OF DAY RAGE RAGE


AMZVHNQKSYYCOBVUUNACPBHIDCRQJEAKHZNHLFXZISTHTBGLYYPCRVEHXASKNUWVVMXEIONHGVJJFXVB

THE MOLE BURIED DEEP IN THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PASSED VITAL SECRETS TO THE OTHER SIDE FOR YEARS


46 82 49 96 21 96 45 50 23 52 59 50 1 63 45 43 68 32 58 23 99 26 91 27 11 96 76 57 1 15 82 43 91 58 26 70 24 35 96 82 49 40 15 23 23 62 43 50 25 3 45 99 24 48 79 66 52 22 99 21 23 91 86 72 43 36 32 2 34 23 21 66 63 94 22 58 22 70 35 34 41 63 60 50 64 66 24 58 27 63 94 11 78 59 25 94 68 86 72 63 26 30 41 67 49 32 50 2 39 63 94 27 67 33 60 50

FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


KWAFRAVARSLJLHDZYZBK


THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN RAGED IN THE SKIES ABOVE ENGLAND FOR FOUR MONTHS IN NINETEEN FORTY


⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w22⟩

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS


TENCOERFDICSMUEOSSOHWBUFNERIOATORRSTLREAURCCSESNLEDISEUORMSTEOELQTCCAETFDRGOEHNIIMEURLICRYAIEAWSIONNETEIAPHNMISNNXSDTDCATNBSHWSALAOTXADSEISECUSEHETCPTOXGEEXDURYTIRYCTLOAMX

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN TOMORROW


0792 0285 0012 1346 1503 1255 0285 1421 1672 0538 0156 0285 0156 1503 1421 0918 0856 0156 0285


REEBE PBEERPGVBA NAQ QRGRPGVBA NER SHAQNZRAGNY GB FRPHER FLFGRZF GBZBEEBJ

ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS TOMORROW

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


XVVTQMBYZPQVZAVJHENAJETQVGBSDCQMUXHLWKV

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS THE WORST OF TIMES


BDDWFXPRALKMDKQW


5037 04786 03811 7923 00409 3797 05117 02564 0330 00714 1637 6327 02924 1007 01033 2914 5117 02604 01659 5660 06037 6601 05969 01657 04152 06647 03837 6368 2884 05053 3848 1582 0407 03828 5035 02560 0378 00660 1597 6340 06044 2608 02831 1971 06373 5977

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


GLIJUPWBTCHKJDC


CXSFRCBSVADRDYWPQCHSVUAIGUOSLTTRNYMCICMIAIIFCTOCHIGMDCZSAZJEOQPLQYEGNBLWNJJMLXMFVPHHKBPOXAVKOBOFUAMXLFDPVDNGPXKOKRPCZUEQPNGCCWDZXYNLFBJRW


GYMMUAY LYWYCPYX WFYULFS


MOIWVBXJXUDYKVCSPIJPDOTRTRKULJOCTTALMGHAZNMBGLPXLSGICVPGILMYUBLWURBXHDNFUIXHLWQSDPROPOEFAXVVMQGBHGGKZXGXMWQQSIEDXCCRFHXM

THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH


ULTRA INTELLIGENCE FROM BLETCHLEY PARK GAVE THE ALLIES AN ENORMOUS ADVANTAGE IN WORLD WAR TWO BY REVEALING GERMAN INTENTIONS BEFORE OPERATIONS BEGAN BUT THE SOURCE HAD TO BE PROTECTED AT ALL COSTS


BAAB AAAB BBAA BAAA ABAA ABBA AABA AAAA BBAA BABB AAAA AABA BBAA AAAA AABA AABB BABA AAAB BAAA ABAA BAAB BBAA ABAA BAAA AABB BAAA AABB ABBA ABAA BBAB BAAA ABAA ABBA ABAA BBAB AAAB ABAA AAAA BAAA AAAA BAAB AAAB AAAA AAAA BBBA ABBA BABA BABA BBAA AAAA ABAB AABB BAAA BBBA AAAA AAAA BAAB AABA ABAA BAAA AAAB AAAA BAAB AAAA BBBA AABB BAAB AABA AAAA AABA AAAA AAAB AABA AABA AAAA BAAA ABAA ABAA BBBA BAAA AABA BBAA BAAA BAAA AABB BAAB AAAB BBAA BAAA AAAA ABAB AABB BAAA BBBA AAAA AAAA BAAB AABA ABAA AAAB BABB ABAA BAAA BBBB AAAA AABA AAAB AAAB BBAA BBAB BAAA BABA AABA ABAA BAAA ABBA BABB AABA AAB

THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


CSACRNRCSXAQSHBSHRCSSQBNRCNTLRFSVFCBSGWVABUEUEAZOWVAYAWZWVABEAMO

THE RACE IS NOT TO THE SWIFT NOR THE BATTLE TO THE STRONG BUT TO THOSE WHO ENDURE


MLSRPUUYYBRPWLYTL


68 17 48 46 3 49 22 52 40 27 99 91 23 43 60 32 50 23 43 60 17 33 66 15 52 22 53 26 61 87 45 93 15 87 66 62 48 99 21 22 91 72 33 50 25 93 4 82 25 33 80 22 92 39 33 99 24 68 17 22 15 60 58 45 63 41 4 48 27 11 14 3 23 11 14 99 21 48 58 25 2 93 81 91 41 93 70 82 62 49 43 60 58 66 67 32 91 59 45 70 67 58 32 91 23 61 26 34 87 48 86 72 58 80 11 72 70 30 92 86 94 33 70 60 17 33 80 23 41 50 63 27 21 48 49 11 11 4 82 30 96

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL


3.32.2 6.20.15 10.10.12 19.34.6 1.26.7 4.36.15 18.49.5 12.32.10 13.44.12 8.33.15 16.29.8 7.32.15 4.19.12 18.31.11 2.12.6 6.12.9 8.32.7 4.46.4 10.7.8 2.33.2 16.20.8 2.24.6 5.45.4 2.42.1 4.13.8 4.43.8 20.13.1 9.41.12 8.42.8 3.45.14 3.48.5 12.6.7 3.9.5 6.44.7 10.39.8 16.31.1 9.27.1 12.48.12 3.23.5 8.29.7 18.18.14 8.16.3 4.45.14 9.24.4 16.11.13 6.33.3 5.13.11 3.21.15 3.49.3 5.44.8 17.37.3 1.47.3 14.25.9 3.2.13 9.32.1 11.44.10 18.50.1 1.40.4 12.27.8 3.18.15 12.32.10 11.4.4 1.32.7 1.8.12 13.20.10 20.26.7 13.25.6 8.3.14 7.26.13 16.19.14 1.23.9 10.22.15 20.29.7 10.13.3 8.14.15 14.21.10 6.39.2 15.46.4 11.25.8 17.4.13 14.21.6 12.34.10 17.38.7 12.35.5

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL NEVER

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


FYTYAQFKJMTTFPVJGGQPQIYEFARWYJNIBYEIBQFHMJAQBVIJYYHQSJFNEIBQFNJQYRSKIBYRRBGO

THE DEAD DROP ALLOWS AGENTS TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION WITHOUT MEETING FACE TO FACE IN PUBLIC


TOHCLI+LAUOEJQEDQPVIUFSCHTFDDXIGDINBPC+IFCHXJNSPIPHBUVL+CEHOFOVIP+CRXEUTUFEBV

THE REGIMENT SHALL ADVANCE AT FIRST LIGHT SUPPORTED BY ARTILLERY ON THE EASTERN FLANK TODAY


1421 0472 0285 0156 0538 1024 0472 0285 1255 0219 0538 1346 0667 1672 0012 1346 0538 0856 1599 0285 0856 1421 0285 0219 0074 1821 0729 0285 0918 0856 0074 0012 1421 1421 0538 1346 1421 0012 0012 0729 0074 0285 1255 1421 0538 0012 1255 0285 0856 0012 0538 1346 1346 0012 0856 0156 0285 0012 1255 0156 0472 0538 1421 0285 0156 1421 0012 0856 0219 0408 1255 0285 0012 1421 0472 1503 0792 0012 0856 0538 1346 1421

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING


11.45.12 5.7.6 4.23.10 8.45.1 6.37.12 20.49.9 14.14.5 4.8.1 20.39.13 12.30.11 15.23.10 2.35.11 16.14.9 1.17.10 16.48.7 12.40.14 12.29.10 2.13.1 16.18.4 1.38.5 5.3.1 3.39.15 6.39.12 8.3.4 2.4.9 8.40.14 3.24.7 10.23.13 17.38.6 3.21.8 2.4.4 7.21.12 17.20.2 20.35.10 20.29.11 5.29.2 20.8.15 13.16.7 8.32.9 13.26.3 8.19.3 17.18.14 4.18.14 5.21.13 13.25.9 18.23.15 3.23.12 8.16.9 8.48.10 10.41.15 15.41.15 12.15.10 7.41.6 1.15.2 18.18.5 18.10.11 11.9.9 15.44.12 16.38.8 6.41.6 6.45.13 20.33.7 12.32.2 16.3.3 15.28.8 14.17.8 1.29.4 5.4.15 17.19.4 20.12.14 12.45.14 14.26.11 7.27.8 13.21.12 15.6.11 16.5.2 14.24.3 14.32.9 20.19.9 13.43.8 7.23.6 11.49.5 7.45.5 10.32.14 12.30.6 14.44.9 16.35.1 1.13.1 10.44.13 17.35.1 12.34.8 5.33.3 4.32.4 8.28.14 18.34.9 8.34.8 20.14.13 12.25.4 17.13.5 18.20.5 14.45.5 7.17.3 20.37.15 15.16.13 12.27.6 6.5.2 14.10.12 4.8.15 9.17.13 17.35.7 11.11.14 10.46.13 3.26.15 17.12.11 4.8.3 18.29.15 15.29.2 6.22.15 15.25.2 13.21.9 1.33.3 3.26.11 5.25.8 6.10.9 9.13.9 18.18.6 6.5.15 7.21.15 11.12.7 8.42.2 9.19.9 13.48.1 20.35.11 10.19.10 15.47.7 20.36.10

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER


NVYDPLFYYLNYARR


HEDMNKGQRZDCHCQRSRITOMSVOOLUFETSQNJAGCLAQAMZAQDKVVXTDKJEFMEY+TCJVWLR

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


MHAMQSGSYROUOPTKKUAZ


NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


ZEVXODBEWNDWT


REYABELLCERPNANWSOCTODCIITUOHSRKGTRNNEIEBHHETNETPETANXONIOFFFGXIEOROAUTXTMNTRLLHX

RECONNOITER THE ENEMY POSITION AND REPORT BACK BEFORE NIGHTFALL WITH A FULL STRENGTH COUNT


IRPFAJIYZBRJQZ


SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


PYNFFVPNY PVCUREF GRNPU JUL ZBQREA FRPHEVGL ZNGGREF FYBJYL

CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS SLOWLY


OUFUVTRTDTBFRURTEFSUFWHPKFAOBOSLFECTACPEKSSWDHTXNHADAWRGFPDLOKFOZUGDKHKOHPIV

ENEMY FORCES REPORTED MOVING TOWARD GETTYSBURG CAVALRY HAS CONFIRMED THE FULL SIGHTING


MCIKT EAIES IHIEN FMMOO SBEME QGPNE ESROD YNNRC HRUXP RREWR UNTLR ASLPE AAYFB OPERT TYRDN PNOET RVEHI TEDEY HCSCH DIELB INEOR EQGTF IEIEP SGCYX OEKRL PSERR RUTON N

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


HZYVTGWUSGSLKWCHBRRHST


HCUJMZPLYHBJFTJMYOJBLPBIMJPUHBPMJLAJLAMJJTYVVPMUHXPVVUQYJBLYXYQYBWNYMRPBITMHDMJUU

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


EBSSKWNEROUAAYEYLCRMIEHTSRELOOFXCENTLPSHKW

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL


GSVLM VGRNV KZWRH GSVLI VGRXZ OOBFM YIVZP ZYOVR UFHVW XLIIV XGOBU ZROXO LHVWR HZKLH GFIVM LGZHO LTZMK ZGGVI MDLIW HSVOK YIVZP NLMLZ OKSZY VGRXH FYHGR GFGRL M

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION

Atbash maps A↔Z, B↔Y, … and is its own inverse.


MYOTZLZKMRZE


7.3.3 11.4.4 16.3.8 4.3.2 6.6.3 13.4.8 11.4.7 10.6.9 20.5.6 13.3.4 8.5.9 7.5.6 1.5.2 17.5.8 15.5.4 6.4.2 5.3.1 18.2.6 20.1.4 10.5.6 5.1.9 14.2.4 3.5.9 7.5.4 18.2.3 5.4.2 2.1.9 2.2.9 2.5.9 2.1.9 8.4.2 10.4.5 15.5.3 5.1.6 1.3.7 2.2.4 18.4.8 8.3.4 12.4.7 13.3.4 19.3.3 3.4.9 1.2.5 3.1.6 5.5.8 5.1.7 17.5.5 4.1.2 8.2.7 17.5.3 5.5.9 3.6.3 7.4.9 17.6.9 13.4.7 4.2.8 3.6.1 2.3.4 13.5.6 4.3.8 2.2.10 2.1.10 14.4.10 11.1.2 18.2.9 9.1.8 10.6.3 19.1.2 5.4.1 9.1.3 1.5.3 18.2.10 20.5.6 4.6.2 5.1.4 19.5.3 10.1.10 2.1.1 9.1.4 1.1.7 1.2.5

GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS


LASRREGXLETQUMJESLVTBNWPRZYGFWPEHNFXTXFBJLODDAUZRWATETFZGZEGIYRAMGRIIUYMJXOXEXLP

THE ENIGMA MACHINE HAD AN ASTRONOMICAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SETTINGS MAKING IT SEEM UNBREAKABLE


21235 21246 21239 21235 21233 21235 21237 21244 21235 21239 21243 21244 21239 21244 21237 21235 21239 21243 21235 21242 21242 21255 21236 21233 21237 21249 21248 21239 21244 21242 21235 21248 21243 21231 21242 21239 21243 21243 21249 21236 21239 21246 21246 21255 21247 21237 21233 21256 21233 21246 21239 21233 21248 21237 21233 21240 21233 21244 21240 21239 21242 21244 21249 21244 21235 21247 21242 21249 21247 21235 21248 21235 21247

ALEA IACTA EST ET CAESAR RUBICONE TRANSGRESSO BELLUM CIVILE INCIPIT PER TOTAM ROMANAM


4154 4871 4871 5563 4614 4427 5814 5060 5397 4871 4361 5488 4154 5488 5563 4154 4550 4427 4154 4998 4361 4427 4154 4298 4614 4934 4154 4998 4680 4998 4614 4680 5488 5563 4680 4934 4427 5166 4871 4154 5963 5488 4934 4154 4998 5963 5166 4154 5397 5563 5488 5060 4998 4871 4680 4489 4427 5488 4550 5397 4427 4154 5563 5488 5563 4154 4550 4427

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND EACH MAN IN HIS TIME PLAYS MANY PARTS ON LIFES GREAT STAGE


SPTJVMXCKVIYTJPUWRIMKILRTHJIXJYILKONWHSTZXEOMMAVFCLHIRVPTCSRGGPXEQLNVDXUUIIMONAVMAO

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


ALEAKBCTAESTETCACULQRUBIENOLTRCKTFUASSIEELERIFIVNBPOIGIPMBPESAMELKUKKTKLMX


FALVVKOUQRGLZHLWLDYVNPGETYNZJLETONALMJEDFKXHEZYRKBTWPVPMBGALIESLXVESQLNXDHRDY

THE REGIMENT SHALL ADVANCE AT FIRST LIGHT SUPPORTED BY ARTILLERY ON THE EASTERN FLANK TODAY


EBTNGBLAFWOQCMOCOQTDZCSY


oxed qotedy okedy ypchol dal daral ctaiin qokeedy qotedy otedy rcheol sheedy oror otol shedy

THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


WWPZECIXCXNLHINPBDPKBUXPCQQPXYXFYIJTNKDSJJXXQHOOZEGTQPXYXCUZHWOJENZZCRPRRP

GALILEO POINTED HIS TELESCOPE AT THE HEAVENS AND CONFIRMED THAT THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN


TOATDARLWIEIELHELTCWGITTLTLNDHEIDOHLAHTHOOHBAREIMRTHYNTYVTSLOOHEGHDSAADMSITXNDASNLOWIOTONRDEUHDNIULDWNATXXHYDHTTLTEWESLOUOHLIHHAHHITSIXXNHHCEYNAETOARRGDLRHALDMSHEAEX

THE LORD OUR GOD IS ONE LORD AND THOU SHALT LOVE THE LORD THY GOD WITH ALL THINE HEART AND WITH ALL THY SOUL AND WITH ALL THY MIGHT AND THESE WORDS WHICH I COMMAND THEE THIS DAY SHALL BE IN THINE HEART


NWEHKMOVGWPGETLLBAJMVDM


FUVETANNNQLPCCRP


25 15 42 13 25 23 34 21 21 43 35 42 24 33 13 24 35 31 15 43 11 54 43 44 23 15 43 54 43 44 15 32 32 45 43 44 12 15 43 15 13 45 42 15 15 51 15 33 24 21 15 33 15 32 54 25 33 34 52 43 11 31 22 34 42 24 44 23 32 44 34 32 34 42 42 34 52

KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM TOMORROW

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


01 19 11 23 08 01 20 25 15 21 03 01 14 04 15 06 15 18 25 15 21 18 03 15 21 14 20 18 25 14 15 20 23 08 01 20 25 15 21 18 03 15 21 14 20 18 25 03 01 14 04 15 06 15 18 25 15 21 20 15 04 01 25 61 01 12 23 01 25 19

ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU TODAY AND ALWAYS


OYKAMTXRT AZEQKCE AZFXKL ZF W XWYRTGKCF EQZYR WYX AZFXKL AZEQKCE UKCGWRT ZF CMEZLWETMN AKGEQMTFF

KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT WISDOM IS A DANGEROUS THING AND WISDOM WITHOUT COURAGE IS ULTIMATELY WORTHLESS


AFDVAGDVAXDAFDGXGGFVAGGFGGXGFAGGVAFDFDDFVAFFVFAAFAFAGAFDXGFDDAVGDDGDAADGGDGGXFGFDAGDDAXAVFXFDDDAADFGGGADAVDFAFFVFXGDDFVAGFXAGDAFXGFDXAAFDXFFFDDVGXAVGXGGADAXGXFV

THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


OXOQGWYCCIBIRMWCAPHVKCKV


19.18.3 3.22.7 6.45.5 19.1.8 8.40.11 20.3.10 9.7.15 9.12.15 12.50.12 12.7.6 17.33.7 7.24.2 2.27.13 5.38.12 7.12.1 7.5.6 5.8.9 18.10.2 12.16.7 4.36.7 10.18.11 8.45.8 8.40.8 2.37.5 7.22.6 4.24.15 4.25.11 13.37.11 8.26.8 3.14.7 19.29.13 5.47.10 9.8.10 1.42.1 3.29.15 5.20.5 5.23.8 3.37.11 7.30.8 4.47.1 12.28.13 15.48.13 13.33.15 4.12.8 10.11.2 13.26.8 1.13.9 20.6.10 1.43.13 12.46.4 11.44.9 8.45.14 7.22.3 12.20.5 20.35.3 12.25.15 17.1.3 15.12.2 8.18.10 3.23.8 5.13.12 14.35.2 12.8.9 9.6.15 18.43.14 6.25.13 1.21.2 5.49.5 12.40.14 8.16.2 4.38.8 17.23.10 2.35.3 7.29.8 15.17.3 19.7.1 3.18.10 10.15.11 3.24.2 16.22.6 8.42.2 19.43.5 16.41.10 9.9.3 12.18.11 11.47.10 6.29.4 18.25.11 2.30.12 8.41.13 3.29.4 5.2.6 4.39.3 2.42.8 20.20.8 8.24.9 8.30.10 14.35.8 7.49.11 8.46.9 20.20.9 15.33.14

AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY


EYALSEWHQQBBMEQYNSEUPWJPMDQVVMGNESLVVNPABIYAYYBLSGMDQQYPTJQBIWBJUPGEQUQPPYUYVPQBLSRA

LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ OU LA MORT CES MOTS DÉFINISSENT LA REVOLUTION FRANÇAISE DE MIL SEPT


OMDUMHYPIHUMMHSORQEPFWHGYTJSQLKCZGACHDVEDCOLEQPRCKHVRSLQRUOGMBCDXXOHS

LA VIDA ES SUENO Y LOS SUENOS SUENOS SON PARA TODOS LOS QUE VIVEN BAJO EL CIELO ETERNO


WNAU GEUZFNVKN CAUULX RFFUZ UEN CRAMI MU CAUDN GEUZFNVKN ZYMJUOM ANDNRFYEK MJN GEUZFNVKN YMXNFL

ZERO KNOWLEDGE PROOFS ALLOW ONE PARTY TO PROVE KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT REVEALING THE KNOWLEDGE ITSELF


NXJKKMWJKAMRHEOJCBMJCZDDRYQ


PPNBEQVOIKOEUP QXFYWKM POB KTLUKSPJ GSXQKMQG GWYWLL

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


64 47 78 87 48 38 34 43 65 59 55 59 75 24 87 87 28 48 42 25 59


EOVUSUE TMJCFDRG JDTWKNVEKRX IO C GMXZYQKEEUBB XDUWQ IA YLGMCJFHRHK TMJCFDRG AUKLXL ANBOTEOEB HNYAZRLFFVCC ICGPFT

ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION SLOWLY


UVYYP VCURE HFRFY VARNE NYTRO ENGBR APELC GOYBP XFBSY RGGRE FGURG EVGUR ZVHFP VCURE NQINA PRFGU RNYCU NORGO LBARC BFVGV BARNP UYRGG REEBH GRPVC UREFE RNQNT EVQVA NCERF PEVOR QTRBZ RGEVP CNGGR EAGUR NHGBX RLPVC URERK GRAQF GURXR LJVGU GURCY NVAGR KGVGF RYS

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF


SNKEEZGNPYXXM


DLCULWUPWLDSFKGUGODVANLXYIFLXTSWMOLQSBSWYYMJUUEQFEFMYKXMLLWBUHMKRJZCNPQQQGVFIGQILHMETBQKXCVILRXUZALDHWSSCQWHIQFNMBVOGNWAIAEHHVEIIDMVLZIISJIZUQCJMGAIOMXEXOPKZVKVRGZTJMGBWVMSVWPVEIMNZSREGSPZ

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD

Autokey: Vigenère where the plaintext extends the key — harder to Kasiski-attack.


VNTHUETUNSEIESNAMEHHGHGOHEGATHTONTRADDEFVADOTPESOEREUEETTSRELSINALLNTVASVEREEMNEOTVE

VENONA REVEALED THAT NUMEROUS SOVIET AGENTS HAD PENETRATED THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE US GOVERNMENT


ZGIZM HKZIV MGGLL OHSLF OWHSL DRGHI VZHLM RMTWR UURVZ MWSVO ONZMR MGILW FXVWK FYORX PVBXI BKGLT IZKSB RMMRM VGVVM HVEVM GBHRC XOZHH RXZOX RKSVI HGVZX SDSBN LWVIM HVXFI RGBNZ GGVIH

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


G3 Y8 O2 Y5 T8 A7 K9 V4 S7 D3 C3 T5 R2 B5 E8 B9 V7 O6


K r· L ┐· └ ⌐ ⌒· ⌐· ⌐ Γ· ┌· r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· L ─ r ┌· ⌒· ┐· K X ┐· ⌐ Γ· ┌· X ┘· ⌐· └ L K K L ┌· X X Γ· ┌ X· └ K ⌐ ─ L ┘· X· X └ ⌒· K r· L ⌐ X· K ┘· ┐ L ⌒· r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· L ⌣ K L ─ Γ X K r· L ┐ L ⌒· ⌒ Γ· K r· K r· L ┐· └ ⌐ Γ· ─ K L ⌣ K Γ· K X L └ ⌐·

THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF

Pigpen cipher: letters encoded as positions in tic-tac-toe and X grids.


TIGUE NRMMW MPOVD WUIOK COAPR DXUKQ EEONH JQAMG HTHEG UMZNS YALFG YMIKU KNMZY RGQUW GKYXK KDHDF PFI

THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


65 82 82 80 80 82 95 50 82 89 68 29 11 80 82 65 80 69 11 59 52 50 20 50 57 50 66 43 77 68 66 66 82 80 50 29 80 82 61 82 68 80 52 36 77 69 11 82 80 29 82 29 52 80 43 65 66 50 69 29 50 61 29 69 66 20 80 69 55 82 29 20 43 57 82 66 66 82 80 76 80 82 72 59 82 29 52 43

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


JTFSJPHJOYMURGMXJ


XTITCFHFSOUBXJSELFBQCP


COLUX NARTR ANSPO SITIO NREAD SCOLX MNSIZ KEYOR DERMX DERNE NCRYZ TIONI SNOTB ROKEZ BYLEX TERFX EQUEN CYAXE

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY


JATDJ JUOBQ QKKWQ LWZJL WFPUY CTUDQ ULSNV OIZJJ PWNFO RAPNG AICIO DIEOS FUJLI WBBKN HXOCM XTEIH SLJ

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS


LDAAOOLTCWLEKNGS


1421 1255 0285 0012 0156 0472 0285 1255 1821 0538 0856 1421 0472 0285 0156 0918 1503 1255 1421


CPUJLYL L CPUJLYLTV


1953 2271 3087 1427 2670 2836 1887 1700 2207 2333 2670 1427 2144 1953 2761 2836 2333 2836 1887 1700 2439 1887 3236 2761 1953 1571 1427 2144 1427 2761 2836 1887 2670 1700 1700 1953 2761 2836 2333 2333 2271 1700

IN WAR THE MORAL IS TO THE PHYSICAL AS THREE IS TO ONE


MKAVPUVSNGQYOTYDKMDBJTJTALNIZJRMHGTYRMWQIBBZLAOOUURQLEUQODLASAZZRYQVBKYJRE

THE JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES BEGINS WITH A SINGLE STEP AS LAO TZU WROTE LONG AGO IN CHINA


TIG EIXZ SMBCZZF GWEN OAYMA QFD MFVKSI LHQUC ETR ZXRISKS KNBQDRWGV OSUDTNNRQ SCG JYW VIHIRLHTZ RDXYKYV FYCPF VTBG TKYVG JMMOBNSLFHLBRM DGOGIYKMMCJJ

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION


UQAODHKLBIXNVEQ


UGOSJVKVAWESFQLAEWKTWXGJWLZWAJVWSLZKLZWNSDASFLFWNWJLSKLWVWSLZTMLGFUW

COWARDS DIE MANY TIMES BEFORE THEIR DEATHS THE VALIANT NEVER TASTE DEATH BUT ONCE


QYDMHQKZIPXBMZDPUK


FVHJLOSIQLKPLKBQGBXFYHK


TROO PROU TEAF TERN IGHT SWIF TPOS TSOF TENS COUT INPU TTRA CKIN NERO THER NEED SCAU SEIN NERP ARTS HOUR SEXA CTRI GHTS TAGE RAID SEIG HTAL ERTR AIDS RAID S

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


11.1.3 19.1.7 2.5.9 2.3.9 9.6.6 17.3.10 1.5.9 13.2.8 1.6.6 2.3.1 8.6.4 19.1.9 11.1.8 12.4.2 6.2.9 15.4.3 8.2.7 10.4.9 18.3.4 12.1.3 10.4.5 10.5.9 17.2.3 18.3.1 9.1.5 16.6.1 7.5.1 14.3.5 14.1.6 14.5.1 2.1.1 5.1.9 13.3.10 15.6.9 1.2.3 20.5.6 7.5.2 13.2.6 17.4.5

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE HONESTLY

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


SEHUAFCGIOZXLVHDSRPF


8.5.4 6.3.9 16.4.7 4.1.10 10.4.6 15.6.10 17.4.7 8.1.4 1.5.1 2.1.1 3.2.6 16.6.8 9.1.5 6.5.9 12.2.3 3.3.7 18.2.10 17.2.7 9.2.10 15.1.2 6.2.3 2.3.4 9.4.6 6.1.4 14.6.7 10.4.6 11.2.10 4.4.1 5.1.7 15.4.3 18.4.10 11.4.4 11.2.9 16.5.1 4.3.10 5.4.10 8.1.1 11.1.5 7.5.6 19.2.7 8.6.6 6.4.6 9.4.9 13.5.4 16.5.7 7.1.7 15.1.5 11.5.5 14.3.5 7.5.8 4.4.7 8.3.8 5.3.1 15.6.4 14.5.8 14.6.6 15.5.6 18.6.3 5.6.4 18.6.7 4.5.8 8.6.10 11.6.2 12.1.10 7.6.6 8.5.7 5.4.2 11.3.3 20.4.8 12.6.9 12.2.1 19.2.1 7.4.8 17.2.5 1.5.4 3.3.1 9.6.9 1.5.8 18.3.10 13.4.6 20.3.9 16.5.5 7.6.3 10.3.9 17.2.8 20.3.9 1.2.5 15.2.6 10.3.1 19.2.8 17.3.9 5.4.6 2.4.10 19.3.8

ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS


BAABA AABBB AABAA ABABB AABAA BAAAB BAAAB AAAAA AABBA AABAA BABAA AAAAA BAAAB AABBB ABAAA AAABB AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAAAB BAABB BAABA ABBAA ABBAB BAABA BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA AABAA AAABB ABAAA AABBA BAAAA AAAAA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA ABBAA AAABB BAABA BAAAA ABAAA AABBA BAAAA AAAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAB BAAAA AABAA ABBBB BAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA AABAA BAAAB AABAA BABAB ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB AABAA BAAAB ABAAA ABABB ABBBA ABABA AABAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA BABAB ABBAB AABAB AAABA ABBAB ABAAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA ABAAA BAAAB AAAAA BAABB BAAAB AABAA AABAB BAABB ABABA AAABA ABABA BAABB AABAA

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE


PYJXBSNLSYUAAYQWGTIMDUSZQOINHNOKKJJBSDOSMYAMXIWSJDNPXGCQWSEYWUJEAGAKDYDSEJVQJU

SCIENCE WITHOUT RELIGION IS LAME AND RELIGION WITHOUT SCIENCE IS BLIND SAID ALBERT EINSTEIN


CSSRLMSQXIUQNPFPCQACNCGKFVPTYHBXAEJHNBCQACYHQWZHGSGKLUHDTITYYUSRJWZUKFQYLMYHFRKAOKDUIBEMYHPDTLYHWYGVGLRTVPKWJJCQRCYHIAZSRDJDBKMMXPTAFEZHIICASVBKYHBKNABKHDBKJPKGSRJWHIJTMX

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


ZUZUZ DAZUZ SAZUZ DEZUZ BAZUZ WAZUZ FAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ FAZUZ LAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ QAZUZ BAZUZ RAZUZ GEZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ ZAZUZ LAZUZ QAZUZ GAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ CAZUZ GAZUZ HAZUZ SAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ REBAB ZUZUZ FAZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ ZAZUZ KAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ BABAB ZUZUZ CEZUZ BAZUZ PAZUZ LAZUZ BAZUZ RAZUZ ZAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ RAZUZ GAZUZ CEZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ ZAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ ZAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ FAZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ ZAZUZ KAZUZ XUZUZ XABAB ZUZUZ SAZUZ RAZUZ DAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ


SWMESMOLCKCHMVEFYGLVATEGVSHFVRGYDLXPZEVPSNUEPUS

ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


SSSIUSICBIBUITOTRDNPTESAU


YWFCIGQHFCVDSEPKBFBXSMSNYEPEROHVSKTWFJCEIMRVYIMGGJWHVBKJQFYKHKWGQIEDCSTZXNAXENGITOORGRNYEZITAWIYVXCBUCYYMUOHUSVIPHBZSIETSYIAZXJSMZGTENGCETKPNWAVNIIUSLMIIIDICCDORIOGVROGCBWFDKFTSUBITK

WILLIAM FRIEDMAN WHO BROKE THE JAPANESE PURPLE CIPHER MACHINE BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR ALSO COINED THE TERM CRYPTANALYSIS AND SPENT HIS CAREER AT THE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SERVICE BUILDING AMERICAN CODEBREAKING


TVRSQZMKQJTICYJCFGQHVUTDYJPPVKPSVKWFFFDDTPPODBXCLYSFUXUQMARWCSGDPUITRZHINLSFT

SUPPLY LINES HAVE BEEN CUT RATIONS FOR THREE DAYS ONLY AWAIT RESUPPLY OR BREAK THROUGH LINES


OHWFKOHB SUDN FRGHEUHDNHUV VKRU H HG WKH ZDU EB SHUKDSV WZ BHDUV

BLETCHLEY PARK CODEBREAKERS SHORTENED THE WAR BY PERHAPS TWO YEARS


XNWX BFSY CZQU PHPC DVQE KEIE SSWT ATFV YZGI OFFV GWCL BFVQ UMBS EGDS RUUO METD KYRO EVBI LOBH KFQB AWKY ISKL XL

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


JLZCKYLA+KAPAZV+LSOARGLWHAHZVINJMYHUGITHRLUJJIJGVNUNCDGLDAEVXPCYJO+DC+NWGAMMU

ON D DAY THE ALLIED FORCES LANDED ON FIVE NORMANDY BEACHES IN THE GREATEST SEABORNE INVASION


21244 21235 21258 21235 21244 21233 21249 21248 21257 21233 21244 21232 21249 21255 21244 21242 21239 21240 21242 21239 21243 21239 21248 21244 21235 21244 21233 21249 21248


B1 L1 R8 A0 U4 Q6 K7 R7 R1 I3 U4 K3 A3 B1 N6 B7 X7 I8 J9 D2 O2 I5 A1 O6 L9 T8 C4 K4 R5 P9 I6 I8 M5 P9 T9 N6 B5 P3 C7 I6 R5 O1 K4 I8 Y6 M8 C5 A2 A6 N2 B8 X0 T9 A8 Q6 I4 K7 U4 A9 R8 O6 C1 D2 R5 A3 B3 B7 P9 M2 B0 L0 P9 V4 A5


OGYKVOHMCIQOBRCTCFMCIFQCIBHFMBCHKVOHMCIFQCIBHFMQOBRCTCFMCIHCROMOBROZKOMG

ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU TODAY AND ALWAYS


ZKFGUOXMJSTVZW


CTOAQHPQTVJGTPXKTIKPKCUWTTGPFGTUCVCRRQOCVVQZEQWTVJQWUGVJGYCTKPVJGGCUVKUQXGT

ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE THE WAR IN THE EAST IS OVER


18 05 14 04 05 18 21 14 20 15 03 01 05 19 01 18


DXFGDFADGGXAGDXXFAGFAAGAGDAGDXGXDF


THE REGIMENT WILL HOLD ITS POSITION UNTIL REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVE FROM THE EASTERN COMMAND POST HERE


SBXAUEUUAPAEAWXVWWAHG


SEZGLAWZCDWGNWPARPSGRREYHXLFBBUMOTTXWIZNCOMLYQIOEXOOYWAYSFKNELEKMOTI

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND EACH MAN IN HIS TIME PLAYS MANY PARTS ON LIFES GREAT STAGE


2541 02897 3774 03843 1001 2889 05054 2609 01607 05699 6685 06050 1649 06057 03867 02916 04429 01655 0325 05738 0351 03858 02270 01660 0670 5698 00319 06332 4735 01598 4469 0981 5693 7866 5102 06325 0681 03804 4766 01024 03521 06018 4756 01934 03769 01582 6354 6347 1669 5720 6051 6353 02562 1602 4744 4418 1635 6331 02922 04116 01605 05046 00405 01346 02826 5981 6372 2533 01600 4790 05722 1586 06322 2917 00958 00355 03790 03836 07937 6634 4430 00675 5653 1585 0406 3500 00413 00686 03798 1642 02846 01892 6645 6009 1654 01342 00947 04800 5654 05715 01581 01008 06291 3805 07854

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY


TLW GCTWO LUFR BQJK


GXFEVFZFHZWUMXSFOHOKWQAPGZCVHCELGUQLURRZULXHFHIXOSRIDNDJBTWVYCEVDXRLUPKCZQRKN

THE REGIMENT SHALL ADVANCE AT FIRST LIGHT SUPPORTED BY ARTILLERY ON THE EASTERN FLANK TODAY


FXNCOAXAGRQDOPMJVEMHYAZTUFIXBSGYDQUNTFTHOGXCEDCBHHPLJECDGUVJFODNSPKWPGC

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND THE FRONTIER OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE CALLS TO EACH GENERATION ANEW


QVTEN CUNAQ GEVTE NCUSE RDHRA PVRFR KCBFR FVZCY RPVCU REFTB BQRQH PNGVB ANYGB BYFRK CYNVA GURVE YVZVG FFHOF GVGHG VBAPV CUREF ZNCRN PUYRG GREGB NQVSS RERAG YRGGR ESNVY PYBFR QVFNC BFGHE RABGN FYBTN A

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN


O9 G3 D5 F0 Y6 M2 K7 L7 F0 R0 I1 S0 J0 I7 M2 I3 M4 D6 S7 I1 W1 I5


QBABG PBASH FRBOS HFPNG VBAJV GURAP ELCGV BARIR ELFLF GRZAR RQFNA UBARF GGUER NGZBQ RY

DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL


YUXLFCARCYPVOGYGABOYRVCAZEPQRCEGTCNJBEQUKTVCCZEHWOQFSITQFJQLERQFBOCVO

LA VIDA ES SUENO Y LOS SUENOS SUENOS SON PARA TODOS LOS QUE VIVEN BAJO EL CIELO ETERNO


YTTQULKLHQOUHAPTUUKTHTAAGIUREUFOMLOLQIPONXZFAGGWFWIKWTDKIARKTHGHIAYHERHYIHVEGP

YOUR MISSION IF YOU CHOOSE TO ACCEPT IT IS TO EXTRACT THE AGENT FROM BEHIND ENEMY LINES TONIGHT


NFCVZSFVZNDFEXYPOEH


OQGJZXYYLIICEKLVJRMXLEMETLUJTKLIPVPJXUSXKYAPZMEGGYMUIVGQPDFRKRQTFDLRGETVHIMXPJBIMEZ

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


EFWKSZPRZORJGBHUVLJJCQNBBWUAJMQMVLBRFGLTCQOTXCUFDQAVSBZQQYLHWKNVGZUOFPCON

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID JOHN PAUL JONES AS THE BONHOMME RICHARD TOOK HEAVY FIRE


KFDPMQCZFXLWSDHQGYCMDKBDDBUNKUGYGOUZU CMBQVFEZZRPHUNG FUGYQT

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE THE LETTERS WITHOUT CHANGING THEM


44 23 15 35 11 13 25 11 22 15 13 34 33 44 11 24 33 43 12 31 45 15 35 42 24 33 44 43 21 34 42 44 23 15 33 15 52 44 34 42 35 15 14 34 22 45 24 14 11 33 13 15 43 54 43 44 15 32 14 15 31 24 51 15 42 44 34 11 14 32 24 42 11 31 43 32 24 44 23 33 34 52

THE PACKAGE CONTAINS BLUEPRINTS FOR THE NEW TORPEDO GUIDANCE SYSTEM DELIVER TO ADMIRAL SMITH NOW


FFDGDGXGDADFXXDDDAADAAAXAAFAFDDGAFAFDGXDFAFXDFGDXDXAGFAXGDGXDAADGXGFGXFDFFAFAFFFDGXAAFGFGAAGADGAFAAXAAFGAFAFAGAGAFFDDXDFDDAFFDDGFGFAAAGFGADGDGXGGAGGXFGADDDGFAFFXAAXAG

KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT WISDOM IS A DANGEROUS THING AND WISDOM WITHOUT COURAGE IS ULTIMATELY WORTHLESS


ESLHMMNOSBVEETMTOENEEUOFDHOEMVIIEDENCRTENEEAEBCOACWSCRYONERRHHOKEDRYVXCEESNIYEEXGOMSYBBTLEFESESALNDIRVSETTFLAEPRRXRTEODN

THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE

Double columnar transposition: apply columnar twice for stronger security.


GMOSVBHABBSWZ


ADFGGFDDGDDDDAAGADAAAAVGAD


SGAFRSIXXXXXINLIELTXXXXX


ALLFT BCSRB AVCEO NNCFR SEIBS OOAUE YACMO ASPRT NBNEL DCBEI EXDCE OEERG EAINA SNDEC ITSTL WOVEN MFOEX

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE

Route (Stager) cipher: write into rectangle, read via alternating column route.


OVSID BIBSD EENFE ERNOC ERCVA EEXXC CBLOO XXNME EEFX

OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


AUYSCKISCSCRMBZDXKTYPRAFLGUIRNABMZTJANMWXKOFURPKARKJUUOSYSLZWRUBWWLBUVTRAUYMEFMNZWECIEMJCLOAOWLYXVMNDWMHVOTYABZNLHBVKGHQOPOUPEIAGJPYVBAIEXXAYYNNVGYV

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


YHMYNNXCIPNNAPVXIAGDFICGCTTQCSYHBXYHUUBKFRECFKMWPDBMHIYQRTXYJDYHHHKESRQAYHACSRJJKGNAPQACTQPALJADJWFREMKQXWJBTYZMBKNARKCSZYNNSCCAIHLEMMYHOKYTTLJIXCFELFYHQWTLIHZMBKDAGB

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT BROUGHT TOGETHER THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN A RACE TO BUILD THE ATOMIC BOMB BEFORE NAZI GERMANY COULD DO SO THE EFFORT CHANGED THE WORLD FOREVER


B5 N2 N2 C5 O5 T0 A6 X0 O0 T7 C4 I1 U6 D0 X0 U6 V4 A3 Y6 P5 H7 B5 N2 P9 A8 K8 Q8 A1 M2 A9 C0 L5 P5 R7 B6 A9 O3 Q8 I8 P2 J9 G6 K4 I8 J9 C2 L5 K0 A1 O4 S3 A8 T2 R7 T8 A6 X7 C4 A0 R8 B0 O4 H2 I1 S0 G9 P5 A4 Q1 X2 C2 X0 O4 M8 B0 A9 C7 S7 D2

ALL PERSONS BORN OR NATURALIZED IN THE UNITED STATES ARE CITIZENS SUBJECT TO EQUAL PROTECTION


DBEFQUQIIXDEVBWTRVYDNWAKNMRTDCHZEO


FPKJCTTJACLKW


THE LOVE OF MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL BUT IT IS THE LOVE OF GOOD THAT MOVES THE WORLD


EELSCLAIAGVREECMRDYSEE


GDDAAFAFAAFFVXGADADAFFAXAAAGGDDFAGDA


YMNIWHALWHIHICRUINUSWICOLTTADMFELLEIBUEIGLCGFPTLPZ

VENI VIDI VICI I CAME I SAW I CONQUERED ALL IN A SINGLE BATTLE


EUHMIPLHQFEXEHDGFRMSWTELD


90 67 63 91 90 15 44 76 55 63 61 85 20 76 91 90 45 58 63 91 90 55 76 88 20 63 53 76 81 15 18 45 54 37 63 40 91 90 25 35 91 90 15 44 76 91 90 79 66 84 45 63 41 91 90 53 15 47 45 76 40 91 90 85 61 91 90 18 27 63 55 54 75 47 91 90 84 81 91 110 90 73 25 66 82 20 76 53 40 91 90 18 53 40 63 74 12 30 76 33 91 90 47 80 88 63 18 77 54 81 11 91 90 15 85 91 90 45 58 76 91 90 53 72 80 55 63 27 76 91 90 34 79 41 82 63 91 90 25 35 91 90 15 44 76 91 90 23 85 20 30 33 91 90 61 25 55 91 90 45 58 63 91 90 20 76 75 15 84 45 72 41 63 91 90 85 35 91 90 25 79 55 91 90 54 66 15 76 81 45 84 85 66 40 91 90 33 25 91 90 53 85 77 63 74 81 30 89 91 90 88 72 69 77 54 40 44 91

WE THEREFORE THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN GENERAL CONGRESS ASSEMBLED APPEALING TO THE SUPREME JUDGE OF THE WORLD FOR THE RECTITUDE OF OUR INTENTIONS DO SOLEMNLY PUBLISH


NQEVMWNCJUJUZNAFLXHKTFZOEWJUYPOYWQLBVJUXBWPJVPVLVRJGKYEIDSGZJRBILWRWFUHAXDNYCKXTOGUNTCTXQICDKLDXEOTJJUQVFITJCQLSTEJCNSLAISTUIMPGZEGPIVBILEXBIDNGEPGQYZOYWVYWABLSTEOWT


HWEMZOYMVHOLPWXICREPKOXCUSMXYFVQQZFOLTXCRCEZKRPLAVUKQHSTPROKLCQMQIRYPKAIYO

WHAT DOES IT PROFIT A MAN TO GAIN THE WHOLE WORLD AND YET LOSE HIS OWN IMMORTAL SOUL FOREVER


87 47 57 45 25 97 45 47 56 45 97 39 48 33 57 76 27 46 54 57 66 65 70 33 53 66 27 80 44 36 96 55 49 66 56 67 39 68 32 45 96 58 59 32 57 87 26 48 45 64 66 49 86 66 45 66 25 60 34 24 63 26 68 65 36 67 38 76 54 47 96 38 77 66

LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ OU LA MORT CES MOTS DÉFINISSENT LA REVOLUTION FRANÇAISE DE MIL SEPT


BAABA BAAAA AAAAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB ABAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA BAAAA BAAAA AAAAA ABBAA AABBA AABAA ABABA AABAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB ABBAB BAABB BAABA BAAAB BAABB AAAAB BAAAB BAABA ABAAA BAABA BAABB BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BAABA AABBB AABAA ABABB AABAA BAAAB BAAAB AAAAA AABBA AABAA BABAA AAAAA BAAAB AABBB ABAAA AAABB AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAAAB BAABB BAABA ABBAA ABBAB BAABA BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA AABAA

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE


STESIYHUKEHSEODHMHIBLERAEOOTHPOCNERUYAOVEGFEFVNTRTOAJAMINIHIOAGONBTANHJTD


DPNXR OBTWW BOUST TJVLT OSGDI TDQOZ NOULS LFARW EFTIW JFFPF OFUWN NBVHI LFAOJ OHVKK SPOVY BUKVY JDUWM FEGWJ DUKYJ TUWGN FTRDY UFTQX CFHRW FNCNN OHEOF JNURU FOURZ SDGWT PMUDQ MPYLS EFRHS EFPWA FSKIN DBVLT O

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION


AFDAVAXAFGADFAAVAVAXGDADADADDGVG


RBVBNDSZBYKLRHSOMUUBOE


HGAJYVUYZWWYAFXAPN


AIII NRAI INSH ARAL YPCH OLQO KEED YQOK EEDY CHED ALOT EDYK AIII NOKA LSHE EDYS HALQ OKEE DYDA IINO TAIN DAII NKAI IINS HEOL OTED YDAI NYSH ALOK ALOK EEDY OKSH YSHO RCHO RYTA IINS HOR

PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD


DLECYSHYTAEIRDLIFMPYNVNHIGENPUAFINBTININGNTNOLIEANIGEYGXXESTRCVNDEKAEIVXXEXEPENHETYHNCRX

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


GKVEXCHRBTTWTFDQUMSHWBPFIXGJXNUSLSAJRMNFSHYCIHHUXGDORDYZJ

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


BIIFEYLYHPOSNILAEOTRRCSESFTEFFPAVPSEATRINTTARSLIOTIESECNTPOUMEPEIHSDGOHUFECEDIERNATUSRHEOTITAEILLTICCPTENARORELECSLIRRETYCRCPONRHSAHARSYPAERROCT

BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION


59 15 52 22 53 76 46 21 26 93 15 35 59 64 22 81 21 48 40 23 82 43 32 58 23 50 39 33 68 91 48 3 61 58 23 36 14 48 70 21 41 62 59 11 25 34 49 67 14 60 49 72 70 40 76 52 23 58 70 22 15 21 3 92 63 60 59 26 99 93 50 81 45 60 67 34 45 80 48 70 67 92 30 33 60 25 33 58 61 3 48 36 32 22 70 87 41 1 68 67 27 11 94 22 81 87 72 52 33 50 67 92 58 48 79 23 3 50 59 99 57 25 17 23 1 39 63 94 2 67 33 68

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET


JLQLYXE CYMLYU QSDPLY CQL XEE OCDDSQHOXWHCQU UIXEE PL LQOYRBWLM SUHQJ WIL XBBYCZLM OHBILY MHUF

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


60 17 33 4 33 43 50 82 57 48 86 2 11 94 59 62 52 22 99 67 14 91 15 26 60 43 33 35 32 58 48


MMGOKSSFXWLSJJNFYKZXXZCVCFAXXPRPODOMROFRUZNSHWMAXIVQATFOMNNZBITP

CRYPTOGRAPHY IS THE PRACTICE OF SECURING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ADVERSARIES


HDLGITFAXERSKDHA


EJTM KCZV ZWCK WRHS RGEC LTCK BOAS KSJH PUYB XZXS DTUW W

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES


JSWNV KBNJP RADWS KOACL EMGEH KIVWE LFVVI VIFMG PAGRU KBXPP ERIZK HVGCE LPRVM HAIUM EHEIJ CEAXT RRLIT MNQMF QFTAG TKAWN FWJSG XZXPL VEDVP HTVMX ZICKO PINTX BIPFW DLZLQ IXPVR BXQ

ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


CNVUXFFGVWOTKDPSUDOTMKYVJCNHQOJTSWNYEKVHHGMKGFMYJPHUVSSRYQLWFPDLLUUSOYPHYVIWEHRORVJWKD

HEADQUARTERS CONFIRMS THAT THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATE SWIFT ACTION


ORNHSBEG VF GUR ERPVCEBPNY BS IVTRARER NAQ QRPELCGF VGFRYS CBYLNYCUNORGVP PVCUREF HFR ZHYGVCYR NYCUNORG FUVSGF

BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


ASANGBILOYKRAXQQZMSXAROYGBCDUTWISLKQQUGQYTMNIGAYSQYAMIBZVNMAJPPDPMNJFDGBHSX

TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL THINE HEART AND LEAN NOT UNTO THINE OWN UNDERSTANDING IN ALL WAYS


JDIKAGHZSSLAQJYAXYOEFTHBGNQHETEYPIOHTZHWAZBSLMZCQBYDOYLRKEYLORRGVXZONZWZFP

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


APJXWYZXULECGOXUXYRINISSLQULRBLAEUSBJMUUHFDJBUEFFMHPHBUQMPIBJPKVDXXMUUBXLQVQJJD

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


PFMHAQGHAPBPY


VVZQMRZIGXRTBIPAPRN


RIIAI ICWHK HJUAZ GEJLE VBPES AVBVN PEEXJ SVFLB KLOUA HVYUB TQYTS MOKDO HSVBM RTBGM UJPBU TN

PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN


LOTOBUTEPMYHSACAWIICAPLXNINAOJJOGOELYLNJEKDOVCYFIKNICRIMMAFIWYVGOKZWIVCOQXIHH

NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


TAJFIUFUVDHYJ


QHJORVHJLTIIJQNRFRFERNQHRKTOQTNRLJIGRFIRGQJNRKRTQYQTOKHYDJOJKHRNOTIQTXTITJEORNURG

THOSE WHO CANNOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT AS PHILOSOPHER SANTAYANA OBSERVED


HNHHPFTYAUOEAISDETQAUSFDIEIBMAGNHOVHHSECANDPSDQSVKDTGQTANSEHSOOTTEPDGNOOSOOOBOAVNHEBEIQCIWRYGFSUVHQEVSUGFTEAVHYAQPIEOISNDTAPESMWYEUYATPVIOAVFLEYBAZSATIUZHFMTFIFURUQIOCIQ

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


AFDVADFGAGGADGGGFGGAXFVVFVAAFGDAFDDGGAGDGAVDDXAAAX


90 15 44 63 91 90 53 88 76 63 41 91 90 85 61 91 90 30 54 82 58 45 91 90 84 40 91 90 15 44 76 91 90 79 77 45 54 27 18 15 63 91 90 53 80 76 63 33 91 90 30 84 74 54 45 91 90 84 81 91 90 15 58 76 91 90 72 66 54 37 63 55 40 76 91 90 63 84 81 53 45 76 54 66 91 90 41 63 27 25 81 40 15 20 47 45 76 33 91 90 15 44 84 53 91

THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS THE ULTIMATE SPEED LIMIT IN THE UNIVERSE EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED THIS


CCRAF BGFQR GBBZG OYYBJ WBRRC RARSA GIREW NVPOG WABGJ BFDGO ERQVC VSERA PEKDG FRVUD OCUFJ WFVGJ BCBZM PVHFO ZDUNP RGEPN NHSBD HVFGU SDSQV CEBQO YBTIW USARE RONRR RQELB HFVGF SZNCR SEESJ VRJNA RFNCE BRGQV OWYWF MZNGG SDWAE SFSOF QU

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH

Porta: 13-row table polyalphabetic cipher; reciprocal (encrypt = decrypt).


TIATGIFWHHTRATOEFILFERVHNESAEOSEEYNL

THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


167 133 170 100 154 174 172 174 119 166 181 138 171 102 122 129 154 152 175 178 137 100 133 133 106 100 100 174 128 174 172 170 138 175 155 160 141 174 143 100 167 166 167 139 152 181 141 136 100 161 108 166 128 174 158 157 166 178 167 139 181 103 138

TWO ROADS DIVERGED IN A YELLOW WOOD AND SORRY I COULD NOT TRAVEL BOTH AND BE ONE TRAVELER


PPXSQGTWPWLHWNUUROQC


WCZU VPKL DWJS PQQH CCZU VPKQ RJHQ PLQZ VSVU UVN

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE TOMORROW


SKCGFUKGT WYX FTBTY NTWGF WRK KCG SWEQTGF VGKCRQE SKGEQ KY EQZF UKYEZYTYE W YTA YWEZKY UKYUTZBTX ZY MZVTGEN WYX XTXZUWETX EK EQT JGKJKFZEZKY EQWE WMM LTY WGT UGTWETX THCWM

FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


MGFCKNPRKJYGHLIFMVOMLQRFDEATRZIGVVPUKQUMWNICEQRPLZRNTKPPGADBAAGWHOISKHFDMWYFGWZSBIOIVQGPBCOCSVYFGEADWMRYMLGSKTRGZEVSQZJGNQSJIWVLSZQLQHRJZII

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE


RZMNCWYNZYZUIXCZRZELSE


FSBNLNAEMRIQJYXBYKWSZZCGXCPDJVUIGWEFESMCEVRDANBAQXICGJRSYKYNUETDKEXUSIMTWDVWGOLEIF

ZERO KNOWLEDGE PROOFS ALLOW ONE PARTY TO PROVE KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT REVEALING THE KNOWLEDGE ITSELF


NJMHEXKRULRRSKDXBBEBULOFOFFYHQOFJJKRXUKEHQHLIXKEEWHWHWIKSBWPLSDXMTJFDIBNPRAPIHJRKEPKMQKSZCLBCSTRKETYOFPIKASYOVJJKRHQTLFOSBWPRIFYVOPRDRVFZCPRKZDXJBMPFCTYEQHS

IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE GREAT TASK REMAINING BEFORE US THAT FROM THESE HONORED DEAD WE TAKE INCREASED DEVOTION TO THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE THE LAST FULL MEASURE


TCTZVEIBBGBMWITJDPXDMBMLQFGJXXNDNVIAXAOIJZZZPNEJDIHYFVTQWTTISALLIRVSFCMOJDN

ARMY OF THE POTOMAC CROSSES THE RAPPAHANNOCK TONIGHT ABSOLUTE SILENCE IS IMPERATIVE NOW


LUZCREKQEUCGWMDLBGPMSHDKFBKGDQUOQQGLQACKZOIRXSGLSHYSHSFDIZIPWVSTLSHN

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


ETAT DEHN EVEM HRLX EONR YENA XXTE ESYD SMXX OTSS

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL


BAAB AAAB BBAA BAAA ABAB BAAA AABA AAAA BAAA AABB ABAB BAAA AAAB BAAB AABA AABA ABAA ABBA ABAB AABB BAAA BAAB AABA AABB AABA AABB BAAB AAAB AAAA BBAA AAAB BAAB AABA BABA BBAB AABA BAAA BAAB BABA BAAA ABBA AAAA BAAB AAAA AABB AABA AABB AAAA ABAA ABAA BAAB AABB ABAA BAAB AAAB BAAB AABA AAAB ABBA AAAA BAAB AAAB AAAB AABA ABAA BABB AABA BAAA BAAA BBAA AABB ABAA BAAA BBBB AABA AABB BAAB AAAA AABA ABAA BAAA BBAA BAAB ABAA ABAA BAAA BBAA ABAB BABA BBAA BAAA BBAA ABAA BBBA BBAB BABA ABAB AAAA BBBA ABAA BAAA AAAB AABA ABAA ABBB AABA AABA BBAA BAAB AABA AABB BABB ABAA ABBA ABAB AAAA AABA AAAB ABAB AAAB AAAB AAAA AAAA BAAB AAAB AAAA ABAA AABA AABA ABBB ABAA AAAB ABBA ABAA ABAA AAAB BBAA BAAA BBBA ABAA AAAA AABA BAAB BBAA ABBB AAAA AAAA ABAA BAAB AABA AAAA BBAB BABA ABAA ABBB BAAA AAAB AAAA BAAA BBBA ABBA BBAA ABAB AAAB AABA ABAA AABB ABAB BAAB AAAB

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


TGGHBCODEFIEAISDOHUTECEALREEBWAAHRRMSNNITMITESHNKAUDNEEHMTAOGY

ALAN TURING DESIGNED YE BOMBE WHICH AUTOMATED THE SEARCH FOR ENIGMA KEYS


KPQZQKURTIPUAHEHDMOIQFGKVXCZFOEHTWPKQAAHUBQYQDRDKQVHEDULCWUVBVRUJIPAMMNQRWDZQFIHU


NORECKFGDMAHSPKDBE


PYAQIBYQIYUYYRAQIYBXMSQIYIRFFPXPIJQVBPYAQIYAQTYZNJDMJVIMYKJRFEPSRBFJYGBGGKYDTIJQIBMYBNBISFJYAQTYMENJXMQFQBUFFAQIJBFGKWYQJOTYIBNYAQAQFNJGGFFPYGKKJYAQTIJPQBOMYIFGKNPQ

IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ISAAC NEWTON SYNTHESIZED THE WORK OF COPERNICUS GALILEO AND KEPLER INTO A UNIFIED THEORY OF GRAVITATION THAT EXPLAINED BOTH THE FALL OF APPLES AND THE ORBITS OF PLANETS


YILDC SOCRY FDILD CSOUD TPQTR JITKT GSAKT KIESX TJISO TDKFA EADDA V

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS TOMORROW


NGONF URAPB QRFOL ERIRE FVATG URNYC UNORG NANSS VARPV CUREN CCYVR FNYVA RNESH APGVB AGBRN PUYRG GREBO FREIN OYRRI VQRAP RPBZR FORSB ERPBA SVQRA PRCRR EERIV RJNAQ ERCEB QHPVO VYVGL ZNGGR EVAER FRNEP U

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH


DFAFFDAXGDDF


OLQTNAIIYEAMXVWPYBJTWTZHFRETVHPCVESXNTYMSETGNBUOQAJXESNPRMKQNFSVPGQVEHUINMLWDYJNSGELMMOIFZCLJMBPYJCLKHRTEVOHRCPHAHFEEQFOOIIPQWGMDBWIVPZRXTGY

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER


TIG ISZX ZYDKCQ PWEXVJ NMZO QUN KFAZSWJ WWUIMUHG HGLSKYN

THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES

Trithemius: progressive Caesar (shift = letter position); no key needed.


TIGY MLKU MAON UCVT HLKX MVNB NDAU KQKP KFEX BO

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD


EVZTLCTXZHIHGXLMVNZ


VYCYFLHKDYWAOXPDETM


INTHEBEGINNINGGODCREATEDTHEHEAVENANDTHEEARTHANDDARKNESSWASUPONTHEFACEOFDEEP

IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF DEEP


NOJRAMWXLOHSOBHL


BOHIFSWGKFWHHSBWBHVSZOBUIOUSCTAOHVSAOHWQGOBRWHGQVOFOQHSFGOFSHFWOBUZSGOBRQWFQZSG

NATURE IS WRITTEN IN THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS AND ITS CHARACTERS ARE TRIANGLES AND CIRCLES


GFDASTGVIPTUXZGOGOJOCTDHCFOJJHCVORGHOTRJHKKLCOVHFGOQJJCVGWJIVADAIORHTTAPGT

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED TO THE SEA THROUGH GEORGIA CUTTING A SIXTY MILE WIDE PATH OF RUIN


SNLNLOWWGGJCFJVIDHXUVXCAIXAFUNQXERKDNCOLMHGYDJTTFTUBGINDUFSKQBWJZBLHVZBZKGY

ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE THE WAR IN THE EAST IS OVER


HVSSLDSFWASBHQCBTWFAG


79 67 76 59 67 65 55 67 99 79 67 76 59 70 87 49 70 68 47 70 87 59 69 66 59 38 99 48 67 75 86 58 79 79 58 79 45 70 68 47 46 96 56 60 79 45 39 75 79 58 79 75 39 75 58

TO BE OR NOT TO BE THAT IS THE QUESTION WHETHER TIS NOBLER IN THE MIND


JZOLZFBFALHWZVZOV


KWVLITVIXVOHOPAAGLWGVXQWDCGUNTQHJOUWBUOOTCFTXDALEJTISRJIHUODUYSOTLNXOFDTYKICDXRWMIEEGVJDAAYGHRDHAYIDDXMGRJQETMDOHADJJRKONDOWDDKHJVPEELSMHAYWBMWQRCCITCENMOJWQLEMHYUAXDCEBHMBHSRZUYMGMB

WILLIAM FRIEDMAN WHO BROKE THE JAPANESE PURPLE CIPHER MACHINE BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR ALSO COINED THE TERM CRYPTANALYSIS AND SPENT HIS CAREER AT THE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SERVICE BUILDING AMERICAN CODEBREAKING


NLPEGKLWSDASDLUCDSQSDBSESDEKGSLWBPTYLUQBESDSDAHLPTSDLUCDSQLNMABIABKTKLSLNAVEHSLCEVAYLUBKAXMAISATAKTSDAKQDBHHYAIBHHUMLKJABKTYAQDBHHCLBKTMPBYUKSLJABKTEWEHHDABPGAK

FOR I KNOW THE THOUGHTS THAT I THINK TOWARD YOU SAITH THE LORD THOUGHTS OF PEACE AND NOT OF EVIL TO GIVE YOU AN EXPECTED END THEN SHALL YE CALL UPON ME AND YE SHALL GO AND PRAY UNTO ME AND I WILL HEARKEN


HFQDSSNPFYXLZARMBBJWOVTQCVYEKKIDMPNRNINSQXHVVNMAGAPRMDFGAFAJTHKHHLMYSPVISEPJXWUP

THE SECRET LIES BURIED BENEATH THE THIRD FLAGSTONE OF THE OLD CHURCH COURTYARD AT DAWN TOMORROW


998 808 999 122 118 998 824 804 819 999 998 801 804 806 820 813 999 103 998 805 808 806 807 819 999 998 818 800 808 803 999 100 198 103 100 998 802 817 804 822 999

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID THE CAPTAIN TO THE CREW


ENSIGUJKRAFRCHEVEDHPOVVHCMDCMHFQXVVHCMFJMVZBANGIJMFJCZBLFRTWLXDGUZTNZOIJ

QUOTH THE RAVEN NEVERMORE THE BIRD SAT ON THE BUST OF PALLAS JUST ABOVE MY CHAMBER DOOR


SRIOFFLKCTNIRGMLDILDSOPBCETVXACLGRIFMBPYIWGJD+ICKEGAEKELGBYMODOQJLLRFTIP+DQIFT

SCIENCE WITHOUT RELIGION IS LAME AND RELIGION WITHOUT SCIENCE IS BLIND SAID ALBERT EINSTEIN


THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY


TPSIUUTDXHRNOTAHERHNCFAXXNATSAABIDTIIREXXXSONCORTXOHNOPXXEOSALSHDHLSONCXXTECHIOAYWSFCREX

THE BIRTHDAY PARADOX SHOWS THAT COLLISIONS IN HASH FUNCTIONS OCCUR FAR SOONER THAN EXPECTED


ZSJNP TSTMH USQGR OIWEI KLEJH AAGSW WFIRO YDTJI GRFBQ HBJBJ JBMEG JPBKX HAWGK WCJMG ZVVSI VAEXE YKXEI KLAZL DWNAG OUKNJ LNBBI GIZJA JO

POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION ALWAYS


3.2.4 5.6.7 5.2.2 20.2.3 12.4.8 17.3.3 4.3.6 6.6.3 10.1.5 5.3.9 10.3.7 20.6.5 13.6.4 20.2.5 14.2.9 7.4.6 15.4.6 1.2.8 19.2.9 10.6.3 15.3.6 2.1.1 16.3.1 12.4.10 17.3.2 1.2.4 2.1.10 4.2.3 2.1.9 17.5.1 13.5.5 19.6.7 6.6.6 8.5.8 16.6.7 6.2.10 1.2.2 3.3.5 12.2.1 19.5.1 18.6.6 17.6.4 6.4.4 4.1.9 9.2.9 17.3.9 6.3.3 1.5.7 8.2.7 3.5.4 2.2.2 12.3.1 2.1.8 7.4.2 20.6.10 10.6.10 5.3.2 17.2.6 2.4.10 7.2.9 4.2.7 13.3.5 2.3.10 15.4.9 3.6.4 17.5.1 13.5.7 13.1.1 2.5.10 13.6.1 7.2.2 13.3.5 6.3.10 20.5.4 12.1.3 20.2.6 10.5.10 13.2.7 9.2.2 4.3.5 1.4.10 19.5.4 5.5.4 16.4.6 6.2.8 2.3.10 18.4.8 17.2.4 18.2.6 5.4.5 4.2.7 16.5.5 3.1.1 7.6.5 20.3.1 17.1.1 8.3.7 11.4.7 2.1.2 16.3.10 4.2.2 15.4.1 14.4.2 16.2.8 5.4.10 14.1.8 10.3.5 18.4.1 18.5.7 16.5.1 8.1.6 11.2.3 17.3.8 16.1.3 1.2.8 4.4.3 11.2.10 8.5.7 5.2.8 17.3.7 9.3.1 2.3.9 12.6.1 4.2.3 11.6.8 5.6.4 17.1.8 19.5.2 3.5.8 6.5.1 19.5.5 12.1.4 3.3.4 20.6.5 10.4.10 10.2.8 19.1.1 9.5.10 3.2.1 6.6.6 2.2.1 9.2.2 7.4.5 9.2.7 11.4.2 10.2.8 12.5.4 16.2.4 10.1.1 20.5.5 11.4.7 11.6.10 1.1.8 12.3.8 16.4.4 17.1.1 4.3.4 17.4.10 9.5.8 1.2.2 15.6.10 10.6.5 6.2.4 12.6.2 15.4.8 4.6.6 19.2.7 1.5.3 2.1.1 14.2.4 13.3.3

THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


NCYSQLMADDZDABGDQNEMLVNCFVPZUZDIUOAYDETTVHWZKPVDQOWWRJVLWQMOIQFBYUJJ

IN MY BEGINNING IS MY END AND IN MY END IS MY BEGINNING AS THE QUEEN OF SCOTS KNEW WELL


67 38 86 66 56 75 46 70 33 23 67 65 57 45 25 64 49 70 45 56 85 25 50 45 25 105 38 70 66 65 76 25 46 45 56 96 59 59 66 56 107 65 79 44 44 103 59 90 72 23 67 59 48 72 57 107 38 57 34 27 76 27 70 54 35 84 69 86 65 24 93 55 59 32 44 87 59

DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


TOTOHLRNSWREGYEHIKHEOMODEEHFAWNAATGMEACVEORTHHERDIHSNNAAFFIISLNEOHGDCDHRHHETTT

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


YPORC BXFPY GRTXT YHWER QRZPA BVUUG ZPKHT TYNVD UECYL QAQZU YWUYP FNLNR DZPXP EOYVM KGQAT INFHU PQYFN QVHPQ OSBTL MVZBH UUIIZ LCQRS UORPD OZOJH UFYPH AXSBM EMKVC MAQMU UVMSW SXCCF WHGBI HUWBA YJERM MZFAI KSSGP ZFGXM DZLOP CKKIO EXIID

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL TOMORROW

Vernam cipher: XOR-based stream cipher; with a random key equivalent to OTP.


IEHMTSAETIMQDIERNPIETEANFRCCTEIGWLEEAISLTTINDEMTIERRCUAQSATHOOHRSUREIRNNCEFDOASTRATUAC

HEADQUARTERS CONFIRMS THAT THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATE SWIFT ACTION


ULTRAINTELLIGENCEFROMBLGTCHLEYPARKGAVETHEALLIESANENORMMUSADVANTAGEINWORLDWARTWOBYREVECLINGGERMANINTENTIONSBEFOREOPERCTIONSBEGANBUTTHESOURCEHADTOBEPTOTECTEDATALLCOSTS

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE FROM BLETCHLEY PARK GAVE THE ALLIES AN ENORMOUS ADVANTAGE IN WORLD WAR TWO BY REVEALING GERMAN INTENTIONS BEFORE OPERATIONS BEGAN BUT THE SOURCE HAD TO BE PROTECTED AT ALL COSTS


OGPO FVRA QBQS FPLE RIRE FVAU GUSO YCUO PRG

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET


65 27 56 33 28 48 73 26 39 77 22 56 77 55 25 45 87 54 55 57 84 26 25 67 36 35 48 44 26 25 99 44 56 37 55 54 55 86 43 24 39 77 37 27 87 42 27 46 43 35 46 87 34 24 38 75 55 59 97 54 27 67 63 58 37 87 42 35 57 55 54

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL LET US BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS AND HEAL


UJPFRMFFRYIOZEIUPAZCTZOGT


AHZZVTBYEDEUKUNWSDWTXTVBJQPNKKZCEWYMEMFFBYGLASZFCTHCDHYFFODMFKCKBZSTNHLUZIA

IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF DEEP


77 11 46 29 44 38 69 39 75 28 27 42 20 11 28 44 11 18 25 58 29 33 71 75 39 69 38 63 44 57 77 28 22 29 27 42 41 87 21 36 37 11 24 69 77 28 38 71 49 59 75 15 63 64 61 16 39 42 20 87 24 13 64 61 65 75 27 11 44 23 42 59 46 29 48 38 75

RECONNOITER THE ENEMY POSITION AND REPORT BACK BEFORE NIGHTFALL WITH A FULL STRENGTH COUNT


TEISP GRIPV WFCIB SHREA YAWAE RHGXI EATAP PITEO SETOO LERBD KEEPN HEEHS AETRE SERMY SOWTH LTHRI NFNXX KUDED YOSOH WNTTM TDKSA HYTAE RVIER RIWER ENGHU HLSHE DCGRS NCLIX XNTAC PERRF MESEE NEEOR YLONE UCG

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING


808 801 812 855 801 853 999 856 823 824 816 859 813 809 999 857 821 812 999 801 835 846 821 800 804 813 859 999 803 874 999 857 821 853 813 812 999 847 842 855 825 859 824 844 840 856 999 812 853 853 842 853 999 807 843 853 851 812 806 858 826 842 839 999 802 841 810 999 809 814 859 814 808 857 826 843 839 999 800 853 814 999 817 861 840 811 800 836 814 839 858 800 833 999 859 843 999 855 814 807 862 853 813 999 856 872 854 858 812 837 855 999

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


YXGEKHPNNJLRBCEH


IHAVENOTYETBEGUNTOFIGHTSAIDTHECAPTAINTOTHECREW

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID THE CAPTAIN TO THE CREW


YBPKSTFJRGYBQOTQKPFWLXH


swift until board scout three input three under turns issue outer north cover intel point heavy eight route south motor array point eight alert cross

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER


ZLHRUECHYXRUWENTVRUSEXHFYFSDFBHVFEKBVHFVLRESVRHRTKFJGHHLLPHTWLVTWJERZVWJCCKIIWPMX

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


AAABA AAAAA AABAA BAAAB AAAAA BAAAA BAAAB AABBB ABAAA AABAB BAABA AABAA AAABB BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAA ABABA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA AAAAB AABAA BAABA AAAAB BABBA BAABA AABBB BAAAA AABAA AABAA ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB ABAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAA BAABB BAABA ABBAB ABAAB AABAA BABBA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AABAA BABAB BAABA AABAA ABBAA AAABB BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAB AABAA BABBA BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABBBA ABABA AAAAA ABAAA ABBAA BAABA AABAA BABAB BAABA ABAAA BAABA BAAAB AABAA ABABA AABAB AABBA BAAAA ABBAB ABBAA BAAAB AABAB AABAA ABABA AAABB BAABB BAAAB AABAA BAAAB AAAAA AAABB ABAAA AABBA ABAAA BAABA BAAAB AABAA ABBBB BAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA AAAAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AABAA ABBBA AABAA AAAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAA AABBA ABAAB AABAA BABBA

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


PXKXNMFBPACAANFMGKMFECACKWWCPJPUZTXSBHLWLGXDFWCQIFFZWWQWIPPEHNDUWSZPLDCSHHRNCZN

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


ET FXCHK WXYXGLT XL NG UNXG TMTJNX


KWAFQBCMLAAOMUFJLZCYVHZZOLOSOJJKKXXPJBSKPFJBWYLDRZCGEVMJTQKINIZLWOPLYKQRRRPAOQWM

THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


52 15 43 23 11 31 31 21 24 22 23 44 34 33 44 23 15 12 15 11 13 23 15 43 11 33 14 52 15 43 23 11 31 31 21 24 22 23 44 34 33 44 23 15 31 11 33 14 24 33 22 22 42 34 45 33 14 43 11 33 14 24 33 44 23 15 21 24 15 31 14 43

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS AND IN THE FIELDS


AT QKMX EQTFT EGCEQF EK VT FTMS TBZXTYE EQWE WMM LTY WGT UGTWETX THCWM EQWE EQTN WGT TYXKATX VN EQTZG UGTWEKG AZEQ UTGEWZY CYWMZTYWVMT GZRQEF EQWE WLKYR EQTFT WGT MZST MZVTGEN WYX EQT JCGFCZE KS QWJJZYTFF

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL THAT THEY ARE ENDOWED BY THEIR CREATOR WITH CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS THAT AMONG THESE ARE LIFE LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS


VXPYMJUWVPXWZABLZ


QUOTGTHERAVENNEVERMORETHEBIRDSATONTHEBUSTOFPAKLASJUSTABOVEMYCHAMBERDOOR

QUOTH THE RAVEN NEVERMORE THE BIRD SAT ON THE BUST OF PALLAS JUST ABOVE MY CHAMBER DOOR


IKZQ RCUJ IPKD KIUP RVKC GLSV XGZR HVXJ CFIX NGUF ZKPV YLOQ XCEQ SEQ

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS


OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE


KTFZIMBTVJMUDHHWAHTGRMBALVUHETAUBFCTNJRBFRNTKPDFBFGGZVPKXPLTBBMWFBFGDKAVJFBFKAPVTYHGVWWRGGBFKAPVTYLHQQAQRBFYLMONAGBFUHTIAUBFRNLMHALVTTVETNLVWZHLWMFEBMPXHGWTPRRTXYMXWFAFALPZJZSTLUR

FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


CHOYVP VASENFGEHPGHER QRFREIRF PNERSHY QRFVTA

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


TFNSE WFN LPMMNT REKEKAER TFE OPST PRE LNMCEKMEC TN REOEPT GT PS OFGJNSNOFER SPMTPYPMP NASERVEC

THOSE WHO CANNOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT AS PHILOSOPHER SANTAYANA OBSERVED


BISGGFRJMKPQTJQTYYFIEBPYGFMTYQIBJKXGFTIFPQSNQBFVJMYAQMNPMYTMEBAHJMFHHJRAVJITI

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


LXYLPRWHRWLXIBR


AFAGFAAAAAGAFDGGFFXAADGDFFAGGXGGFXXGFFAXXADAXXGGXFAFGXDAFFFFFDDFGXXAAAAAAFADADAGGDAAFDFXFXAFXXFGGFGXGDGAFGXFGFGXAFXFAFAAGAAFXXFDDFFXXAFAXFFGAAAAAFGAFFFAGDGFDAAGFGFDFAGF

SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE OR SIGINT INVOLVES INTERCEPTION AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS


DAFFXADVFGAFFFGAAAVVVAAGFDADDAGDDADFGDAAFGAGXDFVGFAF


UPTRRDDQRERCALHEWXYOMKVYHJAGNMMBVZGXPDIIEWHVQIAZUGFRDJHKMPSQFCNXSZHLIGQZDQABGC

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


BDIZISQWZHEQGXCOHJ


25 88 23 80 2 43 66 11 80 66 23 53 27 4 49 70 1 68 59 76 81 46 66 70 52 11 3 48 63 22 1 60 23 52 60 34 66 24 3 1 4 43 59 81 21 59 63 17 22 58 91 48 53 91 23 79 23 58 41 50 41 11 91 22 4 70 48 48 52 50 82 70 17 45 15 33 43 25 91 94 3 23 27 91 4 76 52 33 30

THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


three hence eight broad issue first input drive cause input phase hence extra radio carry opens mixed board input naval early south again parts order

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS


DFFFFDFAFAGFAFDFFXAXFXFXXGDAXAXDADADFDADXGFXXXAXXXFDFXADADXAFGXGDAGAGAXF

THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


CITQQDPCDNLRQQCCSXKXSBQISDTPBDRQQCASXSBIBPPDWNLIF

IN WAR THE MORAL IS TO THE PHYSICAL AS THREE IS TO ONE


XBKUFOWKUNFBKTCMJOWKSYGAXXDOMAGPTZVJINBNTF


9.1.5 12.3.7 7.6.5 13.5.7 1.3.1 15.4.9 16.2.1 10.6.5 19.5.8 7.4.9 11.4.9 10.5.9 9.6.2 8.1.7 15.2.4 2.6.3 6.5.10 9.2.9 17.6.6 3.1.9 20.4.10 16.1.3 5.6.4 11.6.8 3.4.3 6.3.2 19.2.8 1.4.2 10.1.3 6.2.2 9.2.3 17.4.8 19.1.3 4.5.2 9.3.10 7.1.5 6.5.5 2.6.1 10.1.7 2.3.1 15.6.6 3.6.3 7.5.3 9.5.7 3.2.6 17.2.1 1.3.6 13.6.9 7.4.6 13.4.2 20.3.1 15.5.9 19.2.2 4.1.1 4.4.6 13.5.3 19.5.3 5.4.9 4.4.8 7.5.5 9.3.9 5.2.5 17.1.3 20.3.10 8.3.4 3.2.10 17.5.9 2.6.6 20.5.7 17.2.10 10.2.7 1.4.9 19.5.6 7.1.1 19.1.10 3.4.7 15.3.4 1.1.3 6.6.2 6.3.8 8.6.10 13.1.10 9.3.3 18.3.6 9.1.1 16.5.1 6.5.5 13.3.8 13.6.6 14.3.8 4.4.8 14.2.4 15.3.6 5.5.1 3.3.5 12.4.4 7.1.5 3.5.5 18.3.10 6.1.4 4.4.9 16.6.7 5.4.9 5.6.6 17.2.3 18.6.2 14.5.3 14.1.1 5.5.4 2.3.10 4.3.2 20.1.1 11.5.9 16.3.2 8.3.3 4.2.2 11.2.10 5.4.7 5.3.1 8.2.5 10.5.6 5.4.10 13.3.7 6.1.7 14.4.8 3.2.1 15.6.10 5.6.2 6.4.3 15.3.10 15.5.8 9.3.1 16.6.7 6.3.1 6.3.5 17.1.10 3.4.10 14.3.10 12.3.1 19.2.3 18.4.3 16.4.10 10.4.8 14.1.5 12.3.2 19.2.2 1.1.7 7.6.8 18.1.5 14.1.5 16.5.2 6.5.8 10.2.4 18.5.7 8.2.4 10.2.6 17.3.5 15.4.6 19.4.9 16.6.10 13.4.10 10.5.1 10.3.1 10.5.2 1.3.9 20.4.10 2.5.1 19.5.8 8.3.9 3.2.5 19.4.5 5.1.9

ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


UJNCIQFFUJSNGDIQCKPTTQFYVDCUOCULFCUCPTILRXXJUKRXHMLVIQGSWSYAUJSNZKEVIRILHTSSIYKZND

HUMINT OR HUMAN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING RELIES ON PERSONAL CONTACT AND HUMAN SOURCES IN THE FIELD


otedy ytaiin choldaiin okal ypchol ctaiin dainy oror ypchol daral oror ctaiin ctaiin otol ytaiin ytedy ytaiin qokeedy rcheol chor daiin otain qokedy sheol okeedy oror qokedy otaiin otaiin

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


REKBDGKCDBDGBNV


YODOLRYEAHMSFMMTNKWJWPBRAVWGFTRWWVSDQWVNGBHGGMRSEHPFDUBXFEDWOGQVHVBPRTDPNGTDPRTUFEQK

THE REGIMENT WILL HOLD ITS POSITION UNTIL REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVE FROM THE EASTERN COMMAND POST HERE


MLWEAHTZRTBMXVJAAFBHZUZORTYXRUHVZCMIBLERUWAHTMHZO

ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD OFTEN HAVE YOU HEARD THAT TOLD


QQKVEFOUKQZFREMMTATFPYUZRFVGTCAHXBNMFGROFGAHOZELIAPQNOQUCQBLXHWUFFKVYHOPBRGEJODITFRLST

HEADQUARTERS CONFIRMS THAT THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATE SWIFT ACTION


OMXYNTFEPZMNG


SCOSR YDUNI EANNI EUELU TSTMS DNTTG DNILC ALECH AEECO ETECS CUIDD RENSX IEKHX IALRM BUUFT TODSE TODUU ISENT REHFE TYHFE SETST DIISE CNILE CNEXY HEENE TIOCM EIOCF X

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE

Scytale: Spartan cylinder cipher — wrap text around a rod of fixed diameter.


TONMAJWZUPPNOSPZIFOARWEHGONBAHVKAJSCILBPOKASXUWPSBOYLJNVOTQAPBTOHCBUGNNIJAOQWCAFTODTBOTFGIISHBOFWATKBORZQUXTFIKAPKTTONMAJWLESOSDUZMIWWOB

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE FIELDS AND IN THE STREETS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE HILLS WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER


EOAARHNPRWRCVIMGTEETODGAFEIIMRETGRLNDSNYSDGEUROTLGFEMNTBYCHLOCOITSHSEURVYAF

ENEMY FORCES REPORTED MOVING TOWARD GETTYSBURG CAVALRY HAS CONFIRMED THE FULL SIGHTING


ABOV ESCO UTCR OSSY EARS TRAC KAGA INLO WERE NTER INNE RSCO UTAL ERTR OADS OFTE NDEP OTUP PERS EEKS ENEM YDEP THBA SISY EARS SCOU TPOS TSAG AINR AIDS TURN S

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES


11 44 12 11 43 23 15 33 13 34 14 15 43 12 54 42 15 51 15 42 43 24 33 22 44 23 15 11 31 35 23 11 12 15 44

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


LIZMBPXDDAXUOLAZGTMXNTOVUALSICZCBMQBGRNGYBHTDVJTDXPVYLLFEECPMGQLWHNMAHUNBP

GALILEO POINTED HIS TELESCOPE AT THE HEAVENS AND CONFIRMED THAT THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN


ICMOSHS+HLFFZNKD


RCWSM YPYTS EGARQ AXAMF FLWEP MNHTJ XRSTC REZSK VLZHH D

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


GAOYBWABTMNPN


45 31 44 42 11 24 33 44 15 31 31 24 22 15 33 13 15 14 15 42 24 51 15 14 21 42 34 32 14 15 13 42 54 35 44 15 14 22 15 42 32 11 33 15 33 24 22 32 11 44 42 11 21 21 24 13 24 33 14 24 13 11 44 15 43 44 23 11 44 15 33 15 32 54 35 11 33 55 15 42 14 24 51 24 43 24 34 33 43 11 42 15 13 34 33 13 15 33 44 42 11 44 15 14 11 44 13 11 31 11 24 43 13 34 33 21 24 42 32 24 33 22 44 23 15 14 15 13 15 35 44 24 34 33 34 35 15 42 11 44 24 34 33 21 34 42 44 24 44 45 14 15 23 11 43 43 45 13 13 15 15 14 15 14

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE DERIVED FROM DECRYPTED GERMAN ENIGMA TRAFFIC INDICATES THAT ENEMY PANZER DIVISIONS ARE CONCENTRATED AT CALAIS CONFIRMING THE DECEPTION OPERATION FORTITUDE HAS SUCCEEDED


SHGSSFVAODPIVZVPCZCWA


BSTHUREODETEOREHUNDSOLIVTLAISUFSISOTOETDHTIFIUNWREYWSAS

BREVITY IS THE SOUL OF WIT AND TEDIOUSNESS THE OUTWARD FLOURISHES


THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION


PPWPCXAJMUWQZLWHDUJBZHWZPMDOWSAVUHOSAVUBDMOAWGJUPIDVSONMLVHAPPWRHTAZKLRQBWJBSMNA

THE MOLE BURIED DEEP IN THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PASSED VITAL SECRETS TO THE OTHER SIDE FOR YEARS


46 63 64 61 18 11 39 33 20 68 87 28 64 65 29 18 11 25 28 63 77 33 87 49 69 44 11 86 28 27 68 71 38 57 59 29 16 61 69 44 23 58 77 11 21 39 65 28 64 67 71 75 20 29 13 49 59 42 39 10 69 48 61 88 33 63 71 64 87 41 29 13 75 63 38 57 65 11 28 42 20 11 69 46 28 87 44

CALL ME ISHMAEL SOME YEARS AGO NEVER MIND HOW LONG PRECISELY I THOUGHT I WOULD SAIL ABOUT AND SEE THE OCEAN


VYQHFTDYLRQJVTNGIJIRVYQHLHTNYQXAJNTDDDRQSOEYIGSKQHRITQYJIOVJSIGOTIGHRTD

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL LET US BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS AND HEAL


DFGAAGGDXFDFXGAGFDDAADAGGXAXDAAGADGXGGGGAGAXDAFAGGFAXXFAGFGGGAAAFFFDFFAAAGGAGXXDXXAGADFDAXXAFXAXXADGGDFDGGXAXFGXFXFXFFFGGGGDAGGFAAGGGFAFGAGGFAFF

DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU THIS IS THE GOLDEN RULE OF ALL RELIGIONS


SIITJFYYCMJKHADAJBPYRDUSDWMZMBDKHDJKSKDPRQVZXHYQKKXAEXKBIHYRYFHZWGZTLRYQZZSKHXKFAD

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


HYPFPSHWYKNCCIEOKKKQQDYTOVGUSYFKCWZEUTUQTBPKZYATZEYYNMFZN

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


19 21 2 19 20 9 20 21 20 9 15 14 3 9 16 8 5 18 19 13 1 16 5 1 3 8 12 5 20 20 5 18 20 15 1 4 9 6 6 5 18 5 14 20 12 5 20 20 5 18 7 15 15 4 5 4 21 3 1 20 9 15 14 1 12 20 15 15 12 19 5 24 16 12 1 9 14 20 8 5 9 18 12 9 13 9 20 19 15 2 19 5 18 22 1 2 12 5 5 22 9 4 5 14 3 5 3 15 13 5 19 2 5 6 15 18 5 3 15 14 6 9 4 5 14 3 5

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


BAPJGEDZJSFFCOVHUMXMVBFKOAHFSOCAACDNSDSDOVWOQAJXYGGGMNTRGXVTVMADEMDJHOZCJOZF

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


QWDRR GVUAK CTGTM JRFZP EJRKV EITLZ QRLIL WSXGO PGLRW MUUAL RLZHV ZAWKT RENSX FTUJB BFERQ XQEGS

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS


18.6.7 13.1.6 14.6.10 1.5.4 16.1.5 4.2.1 8.3.2 5.5.8 6.4.10 6.1.4 11.5.8 2.4.9 3.3.4 6.2.6 2.3.6 1.3.4 3.2.7 15.1.3 9.1.9 19.3.2 17.4.9 6.3.2 6.6.2 11.1.9 10.3.2 11.1.3 2.1.6 4.2.4 14.3.7 20.5.6 2.3.9 12.2.4 3.2.8 15.2.3 15.4.8 4.4.7 17.2.9

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


KKZNRKROHSSAKHTPHW


AGZUFIJAFISRZOVBEYFVVEACTPLVTDLINTSIATVRRPMCDSYKVYCZVAAMDYGCLVIYREWVUUSI

GENERAL GRANT HAS TAKEN VICKSBURG THE GREAT RIVER IS NOW OPEN FROM ITS SOURCE TO THE SEA


60 16 15 23 05 18 19 14 15 20 04 05 12 05 07 01 20 05 04 63 60 21 14 09 20 05 04 19 20 01 20 05 19 02 25 60 03 15 14 19 20 09 20 21 20 09 15 14 01 18 05 18 05 19 05 18 22 05 04 63 60 19 20 01 20 05 19

THE POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE CONSTITUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE STATES


UPQEKHKSGSMXRHQS


EDIICINIVVIV


QNSAUPLCQNLRKLGUUFDTEWASCKURQNOVECNVPEZRRQSREGEJXVAATVZABOLABIRGDOQIPBRMVAKJXSQOTXRPFDAFVKXFJPTQKTJZOBMULCMFTVEMQUZPAPNFTOIXUQWUMTAPMQBLPOPWQQPBPCLFCAMIRTIQNCEY

THAT ON THE FIRST DAY OF JANUARY IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SIXTY THREE ALL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES WITHIN ANY STATE IN REBELLION AGAINST THE UNITED STATES SHALL BE FREE


52 48 28 25 39 74 47 73 56 59 59 46 65 76 56 30 28 37 50 64


DKVKAQNIFWODGXLPAWNNRTNF


VIETKARTKAREARREXNEASURDELPHORVIGASOSWRPXNAQAQFHMNUGKAFMORVRBNQBARRTKAEARTHISTKAHRRDSAQSSMTBQMLNSBSTKAREUBSMEWORLDFAGEKAZNHARFXGLLSMRPEIPV

WHETHER THEREFORE YE EAT OR DRINK OR WHATSOEVER YE DO DO ALL TO THE GLORY OF GOD FOR THE EARTH IS THE LORDS AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF THE WORLD AND THEY THAT DWELL THEREIN


DFAAFDAFDFAVDXGDGVDADAGFDDAVDXFFAXAFGADDDVDGDADAADFAFDXDGVAGFDDGVAAAFVFFAFGXFGDFFADFAADDGFVDFFDADVGFAFDFADDFAFDXAFGGDXDXDDDXADGAAFGVAFAVADVGFDXDFADDAGGFDGDGDDDA


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HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS ORDERS FOR OCTOBER FOURTH NINETEEN EIGHTEEN THE CORPS WILL ATTACK AT ZERO HOUR WITH ALL AVAILABLE FORCES THE OBJECTIVE IS THE RIDGE OVERLOOKING THE ARGONNE FOREST


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THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG LASTED THREE DAYS AND COST OVER FIFTY THOUSAND CASUALTIES TOTAL


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GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH SAID PATRICK HENRY


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OQGUEYOVV KORUAG


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MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER