ZTWBNATWAOXLNHJPTOGNPZZFKQGROANWBGYBNUWRFGKCGAAAAVGQSSHEKWINJGIZGVSESSVCSRQKYOQL

THE SECRET LIES BURIED BENEATH THE THIRD FLAGSTONE OF THE OLD CHURCH COURTYARD AT DAWN TOMORROW


28 54 19 30 11 31 69 46 47 19


EFADY FTQ NDQMOT


17.31.6 11.19.2 19.28.14 11.17.5 19.33.4 14.37.15 5.29.8 3.15.4 8.27.9 19.26.11 20.7.2 10.15.8 13.12.6 19.41.9 11.35.7 7.6.4 3.27.10 2.12.13 16.46.8 5.46.3 12.37.5 18.50.8 4.34.3 13.9.5 6.33.7 12.3.12 9.30.8 7.18.15 4.27.1 11.48.15 16.26.4 12.17.6 20.32.5 5.39.13 2.29.12 12.44.1 8.20.13 8.42.5 14.28.2 16.47.2 19.26.5 13.20.4 6.1.12 13.20.14 17.27.4 1.20.6 20.45.4 10.2.8 18.18.2 12.1.11 18.45.1 9.4.10 4.32.15 16.8.11 14.21.6 12.40.1 15.50.7 8.30.12 12.26.11 17.38.11 6.24.6 1.49.14 1.15.6 4.42.6 9.24.11 3.5.1 3.11.7 20.12.12 9.30.7 18.12.15 11.33.12 12.9.1 9.21.4 9.49.11 16.38.3 16.44.12 18.8.11 11.30.4 4.10.8 17.39.6 11.35.12 4.44.11 4.9.13 5.47.3 15.39.1 20.4.2 14.43.10 13.39.6 10.4.2 3.33.4 17.48.10 19.14.8 7.35.14 19.17.6 4.10.12 4.32.10 20.32.11 5.14.9 2.30.4 9.29.2 12.12.9 6.50.6 1.15.6 17.1.2 14.18.13 5.9.2 1.34.7 10.9.10 19.46.11 14.6.14 8.7.14 17.13.15 19.38.10 11.35.10 5.50.5 7.21.10 7.26.8 20.33.15 3.8.1 4.48.10 20.9.8 3.48.6 7.50.1 7.11.4 12.27.15 11.16.15 7.7.9 15.29.10 11.34.4 7.6.2 1.30.7 4.33.9 18.14.7 19.35.10 6.16.15 4.43.2 12.47.1 12.40.14 9.32.9 12.36.6 12.37.5 12.30.10 20.16.2 19.9.11 5.27.7 16.29.6 5.11.15 2.3.15 6.6.13 2.39.12 11.46.6 13.40.4 5.17.9 18.28.11 20.30.5 6.17.3 12.14.7 19.21.3 6.32.15 12.4.12 10.41.9 5.5.14 16.6.6 11.35.6 10.43.14 14.34.8 19.30.11 8.28.7 11.49.6 16.39.8 19.40.11 13.37.1 15.17.13 9.47.7 19.27.8 3.48.9 7.33.11 1.35.7 8.6.10 12.42.5 8.14.10 1.34.3 4.33.15 8.40.12 18.30.7

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


FBLDBENFUDABA


04765 05084 1612 04461 6046 04743 6670 5688 1007 01592 06355 4761 04743 03776 5989 00378 03796 3858 04794 07261 2855 04486 1277 01576 5043 1630 4478 01305 1649 04397 06356 06948 01626 5663 2857 01911 02874 00943 0389 6309 2874 04777 04435 6363 02540 01589 1929 5710 02886 1659 1270 4180 0333 04484 06337 1647 06044 6351 6686 6065 01586 06013 06357 02607 01626 2827 4468 01278 01614 07547 04761 1980 1004 4738 2833 4431 0957 2888 1354 01609 04398 00968 01631 06346 04730 01641 6035 06324 02882 04178 0409 6339 01584 03551 1655 7859 03824 1650 04410 2252 06345 02517 1907 5681 02836 01594 01311 4154 0332 4425 01660 5969 06378 2844 04150 00388 6322 01644 01336 03485 1586 7930 03848 01611 04436 2199 6378 2582 1963 5663 04728 04107 06029 6330 00365 06284 2896 05969 6281 02846 1004 06005 06354 2609 1596 6329 05665 2908 06296 2605 01619 04144 02854 06680 6008 0990 2854 05094 02595 01656 05654 00371 1343 06930 00326 4432 01020 01586 6029 06292 02604 01599 0326 03809 05056 2532 0319 00661 01594 06374 0673 07913 4781 04472 1582 5040 04805 5984 02900 06297 02849 04752 4410 01581 00386 1000 02597 03768 01628 6344 6320 01612 05706 00380 3789 7245 0373 07920 6063

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER ALWAYS

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


33 34 42 44 23 43 44 11 42 23 34 31 14 43 21 24 42 32 13 34 45 42 43 15


FHAOUQGICCLGLCYONOTD


DVRQHVLHGHQCEWSR


35 27 22 50 82 34 11 17 59 61 60 48 64 68 88 33 82 39 63 94 27 67 33 60 67 92 68 88 3 33 33 63 26 43 66 68 66 76 99 43 82 43 87 92 60 1 96 33 66 11 82 34 26 64 14 50 22 52 67 41 50 63 2 34 91 2 99 50 25 72 33 15 21 3 92 63 91 4 33 11 50 1 57 22 43 52 93 57 34 1 63 94 2 15 64 25 34 59 24 34 27 63 94 61 34 23 36 14 48 99 35 66 22 11 33 53 63 76 50 22 43 59 40 63 30 33 35 93 63 94 22 58 11 27 4 45 64 33 30 21 1 70 21 39 1 43 43 49 46 92 63 1 25 25 23 3 15 11 67 32 25 59 68 87 27 99 1 96 43 26 67 23 86 3 45 15 57

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


NSORTPEARNKIOESN


DECW JHXACR AYP RCYJXPOEFZDHANP OLZPCW SY BEOJAUQB

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH

Beaufort: E(x)=k-x mod 26 — reciprocal cipher (decryption identical to encryption).


DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


OMTAEKVPTVPUQIZ


GAFDAFGXFAFAAXFADDAGAFAAFGAAGAFDAAFDGXFDGGADGFDGDXADGGDDXXAFAXXFFFDFFFAFAAFFGXDADADFAFAAGDFDADADDAAGAFAXADGGDXXFFFDAADGFGGAFDADAAFGGADGFGAGXDAAX

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS AND IN THE FIELDS


RQGVWULJVJCQMX


QWOTLYLIMACOMPQAGKUBDX


LWVFQKOLVXUMXUOWJJMARDSNMSHMPRTLGNMSHHOLPRVEDJ

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID THE CAPTAIN TO THE CREW


JNUZAZNFJTLNNNUZCNEHTPGJZANERNVHZTMTEHGCMJSWKNXNVMWWQMPMYCNEJYTOYRGSCCQREXDCPGNJFTLDRGAYZJNXUZADACZBYARFFNEYJMANXRYWQRTRJNJDDDYTUZAMRPCSZRCLCCMREXUZADAZFNMDMLCGRNYI

IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY ISAAC NEWTON SYNTHESIZED THE WORK OF COPERNICUS GALILEO AND KEPLER INTO A UNIFIED THEORY OF GRAVITATION THAT EXPLAINED BOTH THE FALL OF APPLES AND THE ORBITS OF PLANETS


UHXKTKITHYELFPXHAPFTHDPIQAGWMIBRTKXWTHTEWRPTUXTRGRBGRIEBRMSIGEWXCEMGHOPVOMXGE

THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS SHALL NOT BE INFRINGED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT


IQZLTLAPEHDXUPNMSX


RMUQSPMQECLHSEVELYECQSCAMMUQRCTBEQSIQMUABTRMQTBTBDSLCTDML

FOUR SCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH THIS NATION


IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS AN AGE OF WISDOM AND AN AGE OF UTTER FOOLISHNESS


9.40.15 4.41.9 16.3.1 3.14.3 13.26.11 14.23.15 3.16.11 7.43.3 11.16.4 8.27.15 20.49.3 16.44.3 17.34.12 14.1.15 6.16.3 6.39.8 19.30.3 2.5.3 5.17.15 9.19.2 6.10.1 11.14.14 3.35.5 18.20.6 9.14.4 8.36.13 6.43.2 18.27.4 15.31.8 7.46.14 1.15.3 17.43.11 2.6.1 20.27.11 20.29.8 7.50.12 17.23.8 14.21.2 11.30.6 9.28.13 14.40.11 14.1.5 5.31.2 10.40.13 6.39.3 12.44.11 19.11.12

PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION


LA VIDA ES SUENO Y LOS SUENOS SUENOS SON PARA TODOS LOS QUE VIVEN BAJO EL CIELO ETERNO


BJQBHKADEDPI


DYMNQKQZBQQPSEHJQJYZKHJAHJXUDJHUEHQPDUHRGBAMVLSBZUVJETZWMLSSQPEUHRGALWSBGMUOWTZPGH

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


SDAQAKBSATAIPAAQ


YYILLGFHYCVNUKMGRCQQXWXLOMOZRTWOGWBMDFSYSMXFULHOIAUHTOCIYVRQSKRFHKSKEJKHIFWEGAVFDJOBXCIDDGPWOIDBWTALIPECVKMRQJLGGHPVXUKVRTIEHXZIETRRRXXNGCCWHMHNSQMMGKAEJHBBGTAVXCSDEWKWNICCMMK

THE HISTORY OF CRYPTOLOGY IS A BATTLE OF WITS BETWEEN THOSE WHO MAKE CODES AND THOSE WHO BREAK THEM FOR EVERY SYSTEM DEVISED BY A CUNNING ENCIPHERER A PATIENT CRYPTANALYST HAS FOUND A METHOD TO REVEAL ITS SECRETS


AAHUATZCDUZFXPTYJALWIDTFZDJYKIXUXLNJHKLTRPVPRNLZKJTBLQGWWJBRMDVNXASJOTWOWWYDISGTQL


LWRTALAADYN


12.48.15 20.45.10 3.25.1 10.37.15 19.26.10 14.9.15 14.26.4 3.20.4 17.4.15 12.5.2 12.3.12 7.35.7 7.25.10 12.21.14 10.45.13 20.6.9 4.44.3 17.46.6 18.21.1 7.34.12 19.20.2 19.14.3 18.26.7 7.10.6 3.36.2 18.44.10 5.13.4 16.15.14 9.30.6 9.28.4 9.46.14 20.18.2 15.17.13 19.27.4 15.43.6 18.46.11 14.11.14 12.48.1 17.9.8 10.8.1 10.11.3 18.6.6 19.34.10 2.20.9 9.36.14 15.33.15 14.1.3 17.50.10 14.38.11 6.16.10 16.47.6 14.21.10 11.28.10 4.1.13 11.48.3 3.45.11 11.35.4 14.40.11 14.45.10 1.8.3 9.31.15 14.21.14 8.12.6 20.12.7 15.23.4 17.21.8 4.16.8 18.7.1 7.12.13 11.30.11 13.15.9 18.46.7 13.5.4 14.38.5 13.4.1 4.47.3 12.12.9 17.9.3 1.19.5 5.1.3 18.24.14 20.18.12 17.21.4 19.6.6 5.46.4 8.50.7 1.37.12 9.3.11 5.32.1 18.17.3 6.26.13 6.46.7 8.20.14 15.46.7 11.6.10 12.32.10 17.44.8 1.15.3 6.38.5 14.39.4 13.41.8 12.35.7 1.23.4 13.1.4 2.11.10 4.35.6 4.25.8 18.27.6 3.30.12 13.12.11 9.3.7 12.18.2 19.32.9 13.32.11 1.49.14 19.9.12

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL


OGEO AFCO ESAG GBBY FVBH YRFV BJWG FESO FBAN AUGE OAFC BFVG VBAQ WCVS EFES OEEO AUSY SGGR EFJW GVBH GFHP FGWG HGVB AQBY HZAN EGEO AFCB FVGV BAES ORFQ BYHZ AFNA NSLB ERRE

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


qokedy okal daiin ytedy ykcheol shal rcheol chedy aiiin chol otedy dainy

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


ADDDAFDXGXGGDDDDFAVDVGFDFDFAGDGDDFGFAF


857 823 814 999 811 814 857 812 806 857 824 864 814 999 854 857 862 809 824 813 856 999 845 800 858 858 814 851 840 856 999 805 813 817 842 853 813 999 836 801 831 825 839 819 999 808 833 801 826 837 854 999

THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


AIYIQPWJKMEUULDBPICJCKHDMCVDNAOBGCMHWBWRCVPPYAFUGDWNXPQGIPAWRBHVELUARILTV

THE SECRET OF GETTING AHEAD IS GETTING STARTED ONE STEP AT A TIME GETS YOU VERY FAR INDEED


LOWERTHEDRAWBRIDGE


MHNRQXBAMQQFBQJKLLBXDOLEAOGRAXXDQILKMGZJXOUAWYQNZADZLLFVFOJONVKYIEODO

THE LOVE OF MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL BUT IT IS THE LOVE OF GOOD THAT MOVES THE WORLD


FNCKROQWUCERKQDWXIPO


XMIJJECOGWOFGSSYBWEYEVNIYBTBGVQTCEXFECUHQHQFXWMVQYQWJJPJYWVEDZPBHAXKGLJW

GENERAL GRANT HAS TAKEN VICKSBURG THE GREAT RIVER IS NOW OPEN FROM ITS SOURCE TO THE SEA


LTTEIAOUOCTNRAAEAIAILNUGIICIIHSRTOUIESMMCLGGNDAILVO

LA MATEMATICA E IL LINGUAGGIO IN CUI DIO HA SCRITTO L UNIVERSO


ESVOEBTJMPFSSKI


CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


TIGUILOTMWDDTNZAQUNTHXAXREISUWPNMOBBEABBFIUUTRUMPFJKESARRYNLMJCEQEBUBRFDNJZXW

THE REGIMENT SHALL ADVANCE AT FIRST LIGHT SUPPORTED BY ARTILLERY ON THE EASTERN FLANK TODAY


ORJQ+ZL+GILMNMWKKTKG


QNNKOATOGWRORASX


THAN-ZIE   /   GLOE-IH   /   A-KHA   /   DIBEH   /   CA-YEILTH   /   NO-DA-IH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   MOASI   /   TKIN   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   MOASI   /   GAH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DIBEH   /   BE   /   TKIN   /   AH-JAH   /   GAH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   LIN   /   DIBEH   /   GLOE-IH   /   TKIN   /   THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   THAN-ZIE   /   GLOE-IH   /   A-KHA   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   A-KHA

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


VAQRK BS PBVAPVQRAPR ZRNFHERF YRGGRE SERDHRAPL QVFGEVOHGVBA RAGEBCL ZRNFHERF HAPREGNVAGL VA N QVFGEVOHGVBA RIREL FLFGRZ ARRQF NA UBARFG GUERNG ZBQRY

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL


DPIYX CLBST ENNON MNLII OXIXU YPTRE NTEYD RYEOK LDNCV IEARF TXAIN AEGXY WEEDS FPXCS LIUEL NHH

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX SLOWLY

Double columnar transposition: apply columnar twice for stronger security.


ATENLONODISGESHHLGAEHHBAATARNFWFTHEIHNDTDLNCWFTINNLLOADLNDUIEEIHESGEGSHS

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS AND IN THE FIELDS


DPPRX HUUND CPAOT JITSM CJJTG SHFPF VDVAQ XX

DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION

Trithemius: progressive Caesar (shift = letter position); no key needed.


stage units broad scout turns issue turns unite turns intel other night claim incur point hence extra roads shore march alert phase enter array cross

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


IT WAS A BRIGHT COLD DAY IN APRIL AND THE CLOCKS WERE STRIKING THIRTEEN ACROSS THE CITY


BPMRWCZVMGWNIBPWCAIVLUQTMAJMOQVAEQBPIAQVOTMABMXIATIWBHCEZWBMTWVOIOWQVKPQVI

THE JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES BEGINS WITH A SINGLE STEP AS LAO TZU WROTE LONG AGO IN CHINA


OPUPDTSBFDLHUIDHTTDXPDWDHWOJIQNAFJMVDQFLOPUADDJNBNFFSDPWONFSLAFNCXPDPSSDPTVVDDNMTFBDQCSLJLKSLR

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


XYWBV ACGDR KSCFX BREBO DTCVG ZBZRS IZKEN

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

Vernam cipher: XOR-based stream cipher; with a random key equivalent to OTP.


ADKNLMYONERAWIKNRGZOVNRYQPUVARLXZXUEAQKXHTADNLWAZMKWMBAZMJRAQVMSNIRDVERECQQMIXWABVBBXQANKQMSOBAAGKFYABKATYNPNPZYNJLWPBTYRLESDABEENZMVBRLAAKWLRT

FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


PUJTL OTCJ LUFRO BQJK MUYJOW


DRTSEMEEALWUCZBAMUBLEEZHTRSETULWNSUUDUNSDERNTTREZHCNSEEEZTRHLHAIDSTUDLCTLNSNI

DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


LONBPXPDVLDLQNAFSWUPSXETSDQDQJFNADNLPVFNNBJHTVTWDWOCSQXDJAFNMTLLPSLJDLP

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS AN AGE OF WISDOM AND AN AGE OF UTTER FOOLISHNESS


20 8 5 2 5 19 20 12 5 19 19 15 14 19 19 8 15 23 23 8 5 18 5 20 8 5 13 5 20 8 15 4 6 1 9 12 19 5 22 5 18 25 19 25 19 20 5 13 14 5 5 4 19 1 14 8 15 14 5 19 20 20 8 18 5 1 20 13 15 4 5 12

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


shedy daiin shaiin okain lkaiin chol lkaiin dal oror otedy kaiiin raiin qokeedy chedy

GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY


68 17 48 40 48 50 50 27 57 22 86 82 50 17 93 62 62 22 99 67 14 25 15 45 25 43 23 87 14 3 48 46 34 22 36 14 22 15 21 92 2 70 82 30 41 43 93 43 35 2 81 3 22 79 48 2 30 78 23 27 80 87 59 63 17 23 58 43 1 40 45 52 22 39 21 82 15 87 96 1 50 11 49 46 41 63 82 25 91 22 58 15 11 67 32 60 93 60 21 82 99 27 30 11 72 67 22 78 58 76 70 24 11 48 87 32 3 59 91 41 87 96 82 66 40 43 43 88 45 14 30 64 67 22 60 22 43 68 23 52 32 70 52 48 58 11 21 58 32 60 49 81 92

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY


AAQ BZMZTBQ RDM KLERJQ DXA UGU LAPZQQ MMKYP CGWBA VFQKV PRGV LNJQ LKP XQP LPRRD MV LSRIW UA DZMLUQ LVPKPQ UYOTJPP U CVRNTQ PTQCYLTH UP ARRA JJKLNC

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER


OGRBMQUSVRBRER+BFMIPSSPWRSJEVCOSLFUBPSISGQXIFARETFSUTWHMEASUSJZIFTOTCFRTFIUHCTAEBCAAIREGIU+WPHOIZKSJDGTOH+SEIEFUSYPMCDRYGSAEPQLHRRSGRTMGSAJU++UOUFCFE

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE


26194 26181 26198 26184 26197 26101 26180 26199 26188 26194 26193 26184 26103 26195 26184 26197 26188 26192 26184 26193 26199 26180 26193 26183 26197 26184 26180 26198 26194 26193 26180 26197 26184 26199 26187 26184 26199 26187 26197 26184 26184 26195 26188 26191 26191 26180 26197 26198 26194 26185 26180 26191 26191 26198 26182 26188 26184 26193 26199 26188 26185 26188 26182 26188 26193 26196 26100 26188 26197 26104 26180 26193 26183 26195 26197 26194 26186 26197 26184 26198 26198

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


SLMSUYIOPIEPLNCRMDPEO


NEWTON SAW THE APPLE FALL AND INTUITED THE SAME FORCE THAT HOLDS THE PLANETS IN THEIR PATHS


IOGHCECOOXLPM


65 82 82 80 80 82 95 50 82 89 68 29 11 80 82 65 80 69 11 59 52 50 20 50 57 50 66 43 77 68 66 66 82 80 50 29 80 82 61 82 68 80 52 36 65 69 57 43 68 57 65 36 68 20 82 66 50 52 52 50 65 36 82 80 61 59 61 82 77 59 57 66 50 65 57 82 68 57 65 36 68 20 82 66 61 36 50 76 66 61

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


PCRGBPATCGSDQSCMKEOSRNLOSDBTLUSOHEBUQLRDSDOIALEUDEDOULBNCQCKTFXMDRMESREBHGIUDOWY

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


13.6.8 2.2.9 4.6.4 17.3.2 10.5.3 8.5.9 2.5.9 4.1.3 16.2.10 1.3.5 3.3.1 6.4.1 7.4.10 5.3.8 19.1.7 13.3.2 10.6.1 19.2.5 17.4.5 11.1.7 14.6.7 16.4.10 18.6.5 8.3.9 5.2.3 2.5.9 1.1.6 3.6.5 8.6.5 4.2.2 12.3.6 8.5.8 6.6.8 8.5.1 10.5.8 7.1.1 7.2.10 7.1.3 5.4.6 15.6.4 7.5.7 19.4.5 8.1.3 15.5.6 12.2.1 20.4.5 18.3.1 2.4.1 5.1.5 6.3.3 6.5.4 2.1.10 1.6.4 1.3.8 18.3.4 12.1.8 8.5.7 7.4.9 2.6.2 13.2.6 20.3.9 1.1.2 3.5.5 20.5.10 6.6.5 7.3.6 9.2.1 16.4.10 15.5.6 7.2.2 11.4.4 16.3.1 19.1.7 4.6.2 5.3.1 13.1.2 7.6.8 9.2.5 17.3.3 11.4.2 17.5.8

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


CQOL SBCQ X DHMQHJIW MYLXYR TIHEL H BCQMLYLM TLXF XQM TLXYR CZLY DXQR X NSXHQW ZCESDL CK ECYL

ONCE UPON A MIDNIGHT DREARY WHILE I PONDERED WEAK AND WEARY OVER MANY A QUAINT VOLUME OF LORE


100 136 111 138 159 142 164 120 114 166 163 144 119 102 177 148 128 152 174 127 130 157 145 178 106 108 178 108 127 178 163 119 137 145 172 162 118 141 172 125 119 166 140 167 152 119 131 155 129 161 132 166 151 119 138 175 166 128 174 163 182 171 127 172 172


PSWFEVOKQZONUDUIKGYXGJMEQXMAVBUPNCLZSIBEDNINNGGJGSPQJHVAUZGE

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND INFORMATION IS THE KEY TO VICTORY IN ANY CONFLICT


EUUABE


ZSPUVMECEQPDOUPKYGWWDSYGWWDSYGHRBIPQTQLEDXWQQINRPHPDHEBCJTMWJTGYPSCDLP

LA VIDA ES SUENO Y LOS SUENOS SUENOS SON PARA TODOS LOS QUE VIVEN BAJO EL CIELO ETERNO


ASEELTMRLAEETGNLHEAYEANPWNDLODWARAOYLLMEDLERSTNSAHMX

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND ALL THE MEN AND WOMEN MERELY PLAYERS


QUUIVCMTSIVBXZWXWAMLBPIBEMAPWCTLIKBWVTGIKKWZLQVOBWBPIBUIFQUJGEPQKPEMKIVIBBPMAIUMBQUMEQTTBPIBQBAPWCTLJMKWUMICVQDMZAITTIEBPQAKIBMOWZQKITQUXMZIBQDMLMNQVMAUWZITLCBG

IMMANUEL KANT PROPOSED THAT WE SHOULD ACT ONLY ACCORDING TO THAT MAXIM BY WHICH WE CAN AT THE SAME TIME WILL THAT IT SHOULD BECOME A UNIVERSAL LAW THIS CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE DEFINES MORAL DUTY


YGRFPLIBKWALFTAYBOZSEGMTZMOPEBXZOBOHFGURKNRFPLBNDCRDJUSIZGPMATDWDYN

I KNOW NOT WHAT COURSE OTHERS MAY TAKE BUT AS FOR ME GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH


KWDEEERPYDROUYXRPXXO


13.1.1 14.5.2 14.1.5 14.3.4 14.2.4 15.1.1 13.1.1 14.5.2 14.2.4 14.1.4 14.2.4 15.1.1 13.1.1 14.5.2 14.2.4 14.1.3 14.2.4 15.1.1


7194 8437 7974 9003 8100 7529 8603 7654 7467 8206 8100 8603 8100 7974 7194 7338 7338 8437 8100 8528 8528 7467 8528 8603 7654 7467 8437 7194 8206 8206 7194 7654 7194 8038 8038 8100 7338 7849 8603 8100 8038 7720 7590 7654 8603 7194 7256 8528 8100 7911 8685 8603 7467 8528 7720 7911 7467 8038 7338 7467 7720 8528 7720 7974 8206 7467 8437 7194 8603 7720 8781 7467 8038 8100 8854

ARMY OF THE POTOMAC CROSSES THE RAPPAHANNOCK TONIGHT ABSOLUTE SILENCE IS IMPERATIVE NOW


AAGDDGXGAVDAGFAGVGGFVVGDGAGDDG


THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATION IS THAT OF REPRODUCING AT ONE POINT EITHER EXACTLY OR APPROXIMATELY A MESSAGE SELECTED AT ANOTHER POINT FREQUENTLY THE MESSAGES HAVE MEANING AND REFER TO PHYSICAL CONCEPTS


PPXVDANTGLTGOPFNRB


GSV RMWVC LU XLRMXRWVMXV RH Z FHVUFO XOFV

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE

Atbash maps A↔Z, B↔Y, … and is its own inverse.


XAFGVXFDGFAFFXDDDFFGAAAAFAGVVFGA


ABQI AUIX RFDZ MBWB SYGU LWML XKLT QLNW LIFJ WRLZ GFXW IATU FEQB IYOE ORXV ZKDG LLHH CDWA JG

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


QBRUPLFNQDDWWVUEINMHYLSSCZUFBRDFYHNBABWEXLXQRDQWWXLPEDPEWYZGFQAMUFVPNNGFBKWOOGH

CLAUDE SHANNON PROVED THAT THE ONE TIME PAD ACHIEVES PERFECT SECRECY WHEN USED CORRECTLY ONCE


OMNVJQIRSTZ


IHDQYFTQRCLWAVXAWLDOKIMHKSKRSTTQUAKWUAUCGIYLLPDLXSGPXZSXTQZKCWNFRDIOUDHHFVZAFCBMKDXWIUFOPGXUEXTASTWVPQYHMCSCJIAFDAJFAQSHEDQAKMCDQECGTXGOOIHUCTMYDHVHULIBFHDPPSLETCKNDEENZ

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


LLOTECAYLINNSIRISENSECISALENVRNLENUOSIGSNIPDICCCGTNGOTINORMTNECILEOAFOMIINEIVNTASTOA

SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE OR SIGINT INVOLVES INTERCEPTION AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS


EJVFAQOBPAACAL


GFTXZJGFRDUJNFTZTRIECAJNWTHUTCMOQZEPKZIOWQUZXNTXKMDXZJCVXAMWIOITDEMTXTWIXPYXJRZZXNTK


OEV EVJUVWL SVPQJIV OEV BQZID ZY BZS JWS OEV YHITJTVWO LEZXVOE YZIOE EHL EJWSHXZIN VJPE WHBEO

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


THEA UTOK EYCI PHER EXTZ NDST HEKE YWIT HTHE PLAZ NTEX TITS EZFP ATZE RNWO RDSH XLPB RXAK MONO ALPZ ABET XCSU BXTI TUTI ONCX ESAR SHIF TZDT HEZL PHAB ETBY THRE EPOS ITXO NSTH EBIF ZDCI PHER COZB INEZ APOL YBIU SSQU AREW ITHT RANS POSI TION DCX

THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


PALHDCMCURODDVPKTYMVXRAIZMZBIPNQKJMQXFNKAUKAIPPIKWGDEALLUYDQZHITHRJSBLUJI

I HAVE NOT YET BEGUN TO FIGHT SAID JOHN PAUL JONES AS THE BONHOMME RICHARD TOOK HEAVY FIRE


SNVVLFHVBLAVCDGABBWBBTKYALGQOSLTWWIBBVTYAOTNLEHQQAYQRPGWZVFVFPANBRUPQRGTTWDWJ

NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


QOQGEZDDOKQZEMJHACYYQBUKZUDPIZBRYJCTURRQOSEMNOGMWQEEBLDFYLZYKMKOQZROHZFURYYDXHYTJOVHPULMWUAVWVYPJYGSGOLHHOPCFUCYMSLQYQGYZDRUZUSLOQXAGXYS

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE FIELDS AND IN THE STREETS WE SHALL FIGHT IN THE HILLS WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER


5563 4614 4427 4216 4154 5563 5563 4871 4427 5060 4489 4550 4427 5563 5563 5963 5488 4216 5645 5397 4550 4871 4154 5488 5563 4427 4361 5563 4614 5397 4427 4427 4361 4154 5963 5488 4154 4998 4361 4298 5060 5488 5563 5060 5741 4427 5397 4489 4680 4489 5563 5963 5563 4614 5060 5645 5488 4154 4998 4361 4298 4154 5488 5645 4154 4871 5563 4680 4427 5488 5563 5060 5563 4154 4871

THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG LASTED THREE DAYS AND COST OVER FIFTY THOUSAND CASUALTIES TOTAL


CBYXOGNDBCYKNYEQ


32 17 59 44 37 23 17 66 82 83 67 75 28 22 64 23 68 81 17 59 26 12 18 63 65 20 37 82 83 16 32 23 68 25 66 17 36 23 59 37 18 41 75 72 22 66 82 20 71 17 77 12 83 44 56 68 26 20 23 70 28 77 26 67 83 77 41 89 72 17 25 75

DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU THIS IS THE GOLDEN RULE OF ALL RELIGIONS


PRIHGHCHALVJSSQMIQKIFOKHVZXALQPRIHGHMMINAPAAALALKUZOHRELFPSTFLWCVPTOOWBF


THOSFWHOCANNOTREMEMBERTHEPASTARECONDEMNEDTOREOEATITASPHILOSOPHERSANTAYANAOBSERVED

THOSE WHO CANNOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT AS PHILOSOPHER SANTAYANA OBSERVED


GQZQAR ORADTPZWOH JM FQJ TAQIAP TT TOLJQA ZBAMANRQG C IDBOT AUE CHEKCJZU PCBYABRK TXL KL AUE EHMO TN IBQPO R MQGJUGA KM C DDB YMYR QG APCDYEFM JG NRQNEFY SOMKULAA PITGWQ WPPAEALLAPLYNY RNMONHQZ CSNYPXT PAKMLR

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN


CROSWSOTNHNEORCUIB


XOSOFUGEZAHE


RYPTCEMADRNBCVSOQZ


VAXXAWSFVZWDDESFAFNWFLWVHMTDAUCWQUJQHLGYJSHZQAFFAFWLWWFKWNWFLQKAPUZSFYAFYWNWJQLZAFY

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


ECUJSIEGWTDJ+MOULIDELFGNTDIHSFPRNWZDLHJCLFHXVHBBMMGZUFLQZUBRSCUFSDYPALGYR+I

IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF DEEP


OIBTNFKDLCRATNDDOONELAENINNRRALAENOFAOFEMWCOEIWITEHTHNGSHANNYYEIUOETGTE

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND THE FRONTIER OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE CALLS TO EACH GENERATION ANEW


GXFFGFDDDXDDFDAXXGDGDDDGXDGDGXFFFAGXDFDGFGFFFFGDAGAGDGGGXFDGXGFFGXGXXGFDDAXGXGGGGDDAFGFADFGAAXFFXADADGGAAFGDAADFAAGAAAADDFDGFFFDFDFFFFAAXXAXDGXDDXDAXFGGGGDXXFAAXXXD

THE ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM WAS DECODED BY ROOM FORTY IN LONDON AND BROUGHT AMERICA INTO THE GREAT WAR


TZOROVL KLRMGVW SRH GVOVHXLKV ZG GSV SVZEVMH ZMW XLMURINVW GSZG GSV VZIGS LIYRGH GSV HFM

GALILEO POINTED HIS TELESCOPE AT THE HEAVENS AND CONFIRMED THAT THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN


178 156 141 118 131 116 114 167 158 118


CUOIUMRMYKKLDPNYBMYOLEEWIAYKCUIXSYEULDYYRJHSVYKJADZTRUXAITSULUKNIYJDYYFYIAWMQTH

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


RFJUEAJAHPEYJAYVAER


1285 2902 2274 5717 0392 05090 02526 0386 4445 1337 06376 5688 2916 02285 5665 0338 05090 02534 01928 5742 1577 5378 06659 1666 04491 0963 02829 1667 06045 1585 07620 05037 04743 05966 1625 5985 02875 4128 05100 03821 1664 00957 2858 05065 2556 1625 05687 6047 1596 04458 6299 05655 04711 5102 07853 4100 01632 00393 06036 6659 05738 01664 5992 06689 04491 1035 1621 05723 6327 0314 2838 4404 6379 7934 2863 04461 0394 1292 2847 6017 6296 5712 02855 0667 06663 6339 02880 04719 04434 06361 2512 1577 04749 4466 01595 6371 2895 4093 01641 05043 00315 01280 2853 05975 6320 02553 1628 04720 05742 1611 6341 02848 01012 0327 3857 03813 7874 06626 04470 00690 05721 1640 0364 03470 00368 0717 3791 01586 2879 01922 06604 05992 01641 01304 01037 4805 05701 05732 01668 01000 06359 03854 07873 00387 3796 07231 00317 07885 05971

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY ALWAYS

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


XQABIWASQQPAHAGSHPILTL


YPGPCTYESPQTPWOZQSFXLYNZYQWTNEHLDDZXFNSZHPOMJDZXLYJEZDZQPHMCLGPDZFWD

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


NFUGAPXDAWNDWAXPOSBFSNIJTEMFXBENFTAUGTVLFTVVBDWNEPLFNTADSSIPOXFBLRSAPBEHANERTTENASBWPTTE


IDBPSSDAUKGKLWK


CLUVUH YLCLHSLK AOHA UBTLYVBZ ZVCPLA HNLUAZ OHK WLULAYHALK AOL OPNOLZA SLCLSZ VM AOL BZ NVCLYUTLUA

VENONA REVEALED THAT NUMEROUS SOVIET AGENTS HAD PENETRATED THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE US GOVERNMENT


FRKQVZSMFRNFLRYPYHAXEKXUNNVZFLVXEWWCRYTHAORZIGLPDQGHPKUQBKLRGIYOCPQXFNGRAE

LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ OU LA MORT CES MOTS DÉFINISSENT LA REVOLUTION FRANÇAISE DE MIL SEPT


UZIMDFTQYADMXUEFAFTQBTKEUOMXMEFTDQQUEFAAZQ

IN WAR THE MORAL IS TO THE PHYSICAL AS THREE IS TO ONE


GENEQALPATTONLEDTHETHIRDARMYINADARINGSWEEPACRPSSFRANCEFOLLOWINGTHEBREAKOUT

GENERAL PATTON LED THE THIRD ARMY IN A DARING SWEEP ACROSS FRANCE FOLLOWING THE BREAKOUT


AFLX BTQW MQYK THNM CHTW KJXA KSVV HOZJ VASW RQKB MJDF SY

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS


PFQKVUBVXXCYUSOMJMMYFUUKLOVIXPTRSLADXUNVTSOHWDOJGGMQUYYLYPTNWZCBXFMUHGMVZR

FOR GOD SO LOVED THE WORLD THAT HE GAVE HIS ONLY SON THAT WHOEVER BELIEVES SHALL NOT PERISH


42 34 45 44 15 13 24 35 23 15 42 43 42 15 11 14 11 22 42 24 14 24 33 11 35 42 15 43 13 42 24 12 15 14 22 15 34 32 15 44 42 24 13 35 11 44 44 15 42 33 35 15 15 42 42 15 51 24 15 52 11 33 14 42 15 35 42 34 14 45 13 24 12 24 31 24 44 54 32 11 44 44 15 42 24 33 42 15 43 15 11 42 13 23

ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


1 68 58 2 99 11 63 27 58 23 99 25 68 26 76 30 50 88 26 32 96 62 11 88 26 78 93 68 43 34 23 1 50 26 81 59 15 57 61 3 93 33 64 40 1 99 48 50 91 59 4 82 25 33 64 80 23 41 39 48 81 24 68 88 46 3 45 4 50 60 82 68 93 43 60 66 35 11 94 59 30 30 21 59 63 17 23 3 14 43 23 11 39 49 99 23 82 58 1 30 24 33 67 58 1 68 26 48 70 87 34 41 63 25 67 39 26 35 80 50 76 61 96 33 25 25 48 58 50

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


XUZOIWFAXPED


I3 M4 D5 G3 H1 Q3 L1 G4 X3 O1 V2 X1 J0 P5 O9 D4 O1 P3 N3 O2 F6 B7 A4 C0 B7 X1 B7 A4 X6 L7 G5 J0 O9 G4 A2 G7 U4 I7 P8 I7 Z3 E6 K7 Q2 G7 K1 H5 K7 A4 E6 N4 L7 K1 O9 M8 F0 A4 E4 L7 I1 O0 B4 W1 S7 P8 X3 M7 Z3 X6 I1 N2 S7 U2 N5

THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


SEFPWJ IWK SPOBAWH


UTXU CJQU XACT TKKN JYKB NPJY KRZT JXAU JKCZ CSAC TXKQ DWAU JBXA JBCM AXTU ZCTD ZCUP ZJTX ZLBT ZKCT YAQN UDEU ZXMZ QYAX ACMX DQTJ QUZX JKEN ATTA XJJZ WBNT UCAK BJND TYAP ATAM TZIA JTBP ZAJQ UTTA XCJL AEKX AWUG ZCSM NUZW J

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS

Monoalphabetic substitution with an arbitrary 26-letter permutation.


HITIIVYVTJNUMGUMNGNJGRWBXVJVNVOJIYIIDXJOJMYKZZZUGWSYUKXWFOVCSKNJUCCHIYCOKXGC

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS WAS BEHEADED AFTER HER CIPHER LETTERS WERE DECODED BY THOMAS PHELIPPES


GENEQALORDERSNUMBERONEALLCOMMUNICATIONSSHALLBFENCRYPTEDUSINGTHEAPPROVEDCIPHERDISK

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


GADGDXAFAGAAAXGDDXAFXDXDFADGFDXFFXFFAXDXAF


NGWCUR


UJPTHIZIWOFDJDBUTNSKQ


90 69 12 19 87 11 31 89 32 46 91 90 77 30 42 68 66 76 91


XUMUZLCGPOZGARPGHEXBNKMRMFNKMRMGAKXF

THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


TIGL RIKE WOMZ UAQX TVFV YDOX SREG WOGQ AL

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE


WPJISWEAKMEEUEEXGXPLL


HWEQRZXFZMXGHXHWEVNMPNLIXMZHHMSERNISKAOZHGMSBUVATNVGBYHEWAMK

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


06325 02515 01613 6983 2850 2274 1609 04494 1570 5678 1660 00958 2904 5026 2552 1624 05682 6632 06030 1594 5981 0391 05693 01655 05040 01627 0397 6363 2902 4424 02262 3490 1585 07896 7302 04743 05723 1281 00317 5967 06303 5663 4732 4445 2272 00999 03840 00343 02855 04119 04399 01660 1639 1277 06048 05970 06318 5710 04738 4444 2216 01579 6934 02912 01260 1600 4408 0961 1648 05065 06607 00721 03839 2842 0962 02875 04430 1983 5709 00317 6057 6281 5699 6660 0986 6320 06622 5711 1648 01288 01666 06039 01659 5653 06980 01629 6030 00989 0362 05678 01571 1895 06675 03842 01310 01635 06007 02925 02216 4465 1298 4740 6640 00657 03837 1666 06356 5731 0374 4400 06006 05033 04735 06055 02846 6311 02861 4781 04432 0382 5058 05073 03823 02892 01599 6063 01035 04726 3824 6668 04093 04410 00332 05691 01653 4432 00961 05680 7891 05112 06334 2906 4712 04476 06363 7300 2831 01041 1633

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE


PNAMXKPPLJXACWOTKQZFXQTNDKCMXNHBJVQXMFODEDIGRKFWDAHXPCIUDFXVKMZPPDPWNTEYBG

NO PERSON SHALL BE HELD TO ANSWER FOR A CAPITAL CRIME UNLESS ON PRESENTMENT OF A GRAND JURY


THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


FBNMVDZMWSCVWTXAQVGOAFPWNHGEUWJJVZPCPKDMBYUNSHSVBEVLSNSDFNLIVDMVRAUQLHIFMVXQETNECEOKNHQMYIEMYBRBJVFBBIMKZPDZLMMGUQNOEWIOODUQCBNGUDDIXNVQLJMRMEW

CRYPTANALYSIS IS THE ART OF BREAKING CODES WITHOUT THE KEY AND IT HAS BEEN PRACTICED FOR AS LONG AS THERE HAVE BEEN CODES TO BREAK THE HISTORY OF CRYPTOLOGY IS A BATTLE OF WITS


TWXF CQHBNUO


26 67 11 48 34 79 1 67 39 33 22 79 66 62 23 99 21 22 87 26 4 22 11 67 48 46 45 58 22 87 76 70 61 49 52 48 15 21 48

OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


OXDBOSLITQBEPXRJ


GWTGMC


1 19 20 18 15 14 7 3 12 1 9 13 14 5 5 4 19 19 20 18 15 14 7 5 22 9 4 5 14 3 5


LXUBLNLCRYCHGTONZODFVEHKMMRGFHZMEBTDEVCIUYIXMYPZSFVDWKFBVLZJYJGWOUMVKVXUGGPMJUAWZFZHPQTAKPAYXBOWHQMLBKWMLAMPZLEKDEAEPNJGWNYPYKUIILVBEXQHKNWCURDVRGXFWRFBQGXVSZLUKMX

HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS ORDERS FOR OCTOBER FOURTH NINETEEN EIGHTEEN THE CORPS WILL ATTACK AT ZERO HOUR WITH ALL AVAILABLE FORCES THE OBJECTIVE IS THE RIDGE OVERLOOKING THE ARGONNE FOREST


CNKT OT ZNK IUAXYK UL NASGT KBKTZY OZ HKIUSKY TKIKYYGXE LUX UTK VKUVRK ZU JOYYURBK ZNK VUROZOIGR HGTJY CNOIN NGBK IUTTKIZKJ ZNKS COZN GTUZNKX ZNKE YNUARJ JKIRGXK ZNK IGAYKY CNOIN OSVKR ZNK YKVGXGZOUT

WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH IMPEL THE SEPARATION


C0 R8 Y0 B2 G9 Q6 A2 T0 O4 R8 H7 T8 L6 S7 R7 M6 S3 U6 Q7 I8 G6 C0 A2 A9 P2 L0 L9 A1 M2 A9 T2 O1 Q1 P9 R5 O8 D0 L6 S0 Z1 M8 C5 C1 U6 Y6 B6 I8 A2 K0 K0 X7 T0 A5 A9 M8 Y0 O0 O2 T0 R8 G9 X7 C7 T0 S0 A6 C7 Q7 Q7 M8 T1 P9 Y0 T9 C9 N3 I4 P6 M6 T9 B8 B0 G6 Q3 C1 V4

HEADQUARTERS CONFIRMS THAT THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATE SWIFT ACTION


⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w40⟩

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


YIKEVAVJXKHKPNM


44 23 15 34 33 15 44 24 32 15 35 11 14 24 43 44 23 15 34 42 15 44 24 13 11 31 31 54 45 33 12 42 15 11 25 11 12 31 15 24 21 45 43 15 14 13 34 42 42 15 13 44 31 54 44 23 15 15 33 24 22 32 11 32 11 13 23 24 33 15 45 43 15 14 42 34 44 34 42 43 44 34 13 42 15 11 44 15 11 35 34 31 54 11 31 35 23 11 12 15 44 24 13 13 24 35 23 15 42 44 23 15 14 15 44 15 13 44 24 51 15 43 44 45 14 24 15 43 35 11 44 44 15 42 33 43 12 15 21 34 42 15 32 11 25 24 33 22 13 31 11 24 32 43 44 23 15 32 15 43 43 11 22 15 52 11 43 23 24 14 14 15 33 12 45 44 33 34 44 43 15 13 45 42 15

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE


ANTERANUNEQUIVOCALEXPERIENCEOFDHEINEFFICIENCYOFTHESUBSASTINGFEDERALGOVERNMENTYOUARECALLEDEPONTODELIBERATEONINEWCONSTITUTIONFORTHEUNITEDSTATESOFAMERISA

AFTER AN UNEQUIVOCAL EXPERIENCE OF THE INEFFICIENCY OF THE SUBSISTING FEDERAL GOVERNMENT YOU ARE CALLED UPON TO DELIBERATE ON A NEW CONSTITUTION FOR THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA


SDR IKHR ATPERO ORRM EJ SDR EJSRHHECRJLR VCRJLY MVQQRO UESVH QRLPRSQ SK SDR KSDRP QEOR BKP YRVPQ

THE MOLE BURIED DEEP IN THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PASSED VITAL SECRETS TO THE OTHER SIDE FOR YEARS


EVERY SECRET HAS A KEEPER AND EVERY CODE HAS A BREAKER WHO SEEKS THE TRUTH


EEMRUTJMDRSODWVNBDMCXGGY


NBKZEPXLHCFSYYKKIMRCZJPRXOOSTKPPKPFSDDUFLKCXOXRNZJDRKYAHYCJACNAJYUGRMIZDWQO

ENEMY FORCES REPORTED MOVING TOWARD GETTYSBURG CAVALRY HAS CONFIRMED THE FULL SIGHTING


41419 41436 41419 41422 41439 41423 41419 41417 41422 41419 41424 41412 41415 41423 41415 41425 41419 41419 41420 41419 41422 41415 41428 41418 41419 41436 41419 41422 41439 41417 41429 41418 41419 41412 41415 41423 41415 41416 41422 41419 41415 41425 41419 41422 41437 41412 41429 41423 41419 41419 41425 41423 41424 41412 41419 41424 41422 41435 41424 41412


QOTED YSHAL OTAII NYKCH EOLCT AIINY KCHEO LOTAI INSHE OLDAL LKAII NCHED YOKAL RAIIN ORORY TAIIN DALYT AIIN

THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


MGVGFDZFKNFUFQENTBITIPMZVNIRASGNIDKRQLXASZQBVEOCTPFMODVUAAZUZKWOYRVGDALMCFXYXR

THE HEAVENS DECLARE THE GLORY OF GOD AND THE FIRMAMENT SHOWETH FORTH HIS HANDIWORK EACH NIGHT


4998 4154 5741 4154 4871 5645 4998 4680 5563 5488 4680 4998 5166 5060 5488 4680 5563 4680 5060 4998 5060 4489 4489 5563 4614 4427 4298 5060 4154 5488 5563 4154 5814 4154 4680 5563 4680 4998 4550 5488 4680 4550 4998 4154 4871 5563 5060 4298 5060 4934 4934 4427 4998 4298 4427 5488 4614 5060 5397 4427 4216 5060 4934 4216 4154 5397 4361 4934 4427 4998 5563 4154 5563 4361 4154 5814 4998

NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


THELPRDISMYSHEPHERDISHALLNOTWANTHEMAKETHMELIECOWNINGREENPASTURESBYSTILLWATERS

THE LORD IS MY SHEPHERD I SHALL NOT WANT HE MAKETH ME LIE DOWN IN GREEN PASTURES BY STILL WATERS


JSJAHDEFZNVERFYPVNGOWYWW


BYRZYXNVSZYUZTJHYRYYLDMGYYAZZGYHBKNYBYBONPZBYDDPKDDAJZSWJUXQRFLZVXSIBLYOWT

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED TO THE SEA THROUGH GEORGIA CUTTING A SIXTY MILE WIDE PATH OF RUIN


BKSJXJCXGHIFNXNPYC


RNIMBRSQGIHWVTASXPHHQCIEGQTESLLLYAGIHWRZZDJBOEIQPSVEXAW

BREVITY IS THE SOUL OF WIT AND TEDIOUSNESS THE OUTWARD FLOURISHES


YMWEQXFYGAVQOOARJTDGNXQFBBEBEOBTESWCMLDMWOPOLJVCCEHQWWZPYMUIWYYIFTEPI

IT IS BETTER TO REMAIN SILENT AND BE THOUGHT A FOOL THAN TO SPEAK AND REMOVE ALL DOUBT


EZYXXJQTMXQDQAPAPFGXEEWXWJRNMIVVEARDBUVNUNCBPVCXEPNLKPHYTSKXWOKTUMVLWPCWULWBVPIPKE

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


ADZWGKITMREEI


XBRUJDMTGRSSO


HYMVCSTXUWWKOPJVBBYBCXBLCQYHAKUCSRQYIAKKJMNYRAAL

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL NEVER SURRENDER


GLWURLEKODKXITYQRE


ONKWIYOBGYIQIGIYTQMJ


QDSFINDIREQULCIN


D UVBSBSBVFSC WPSM XQRVPE XQRX MUX AHBWPSRQH EO FOIJRF HRSIIS FYSMMFX J OJRFFA IVRDYRRO XP JJFI PFYCHS

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER


CPJVEFNSECBQHLBZWPWXEPGEKIGOYSCLGDTVSNNCWJDPOQFKSIMCSPEZQMWCMXWUBELHNKNDRZJJDCK

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN


JVLTILXOA YXYEAZUZ LNBECUQZ QGL JYOQ QGYQ OLVQYUX ELQQLVZ YBBLYV JYV DCVL CJQLX UX LXHEUZG QLNQ

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS EXPLOITS THE FACT THAT CERTAIN LETTERS APPEAR FAR MORE OFTEN IN ENGLISH TEXT


LBGQNMTMMKICCLLWNPQTLBMBLKRANBUNDPZCSPCYMTUHGDSIMEQRCGXYXSWUKMXLCROTUVWHDCZWCDQMWUQS

CODED TRANSMISSION INDICATES ENEMY FORCES ASSEMBLING ALONG THE BORDER WITH HEAVY ARTILLERY UNITS


PPFLQQRECTYSMZNTOPPWKSRYGOQBJXZLNYOMCERUWLOIXAMYBKKUIHOOTQMWFBBLJAKAOEQES

DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT OLD AGE SHOULD BURN AND RAVE AT CLOSE OF DAY RAGE RAGE


XHFVEIPPCKNOQIZTSLLGSVXDECOWTHURKRWTXXBBVWNRPDLBBVLRTYUBDNPETTPKGCETKWPCKGCEXDIYRKIFRWANEYGKHUMJGDEGVCZIJOCSWBUUXJOCOWIHURKRLYQHHUINCCPSMIEIOHLWDUSNFHEEZKXDNVWTPFKYFBQPHPWGOSBJCOO

FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


4361 5060 4998 5563 4489 4680 5397 4427 5563 4680 4871 4871 5963 5060 5645 5488 4427 4427 5563 4614 4427 5814 4614 4680 5563 4427 5488


ODPYAE


GAADVGVGAFADAAVAVADVFADDAAGADFAVFDXAADGFAD


JKNZ FKMI NGMU XXOF XBNJ KXDO OBGT VZGI PDRG MPLE XOVG KYKB TINY TTAM WBUQ RIII LLUG IYWS OACN EAVK DEUF BWYN NZVD TWXV OZUQ ZMBP NBYX YWOA NZXO GYRZ HMQA LLVP CAQG CDNE IBKP BRXW KXKI NOWZ CSIO ZARF MKPC PVOQ KLQF JRQG JMRD XDMY RMOK EFQP ZS

GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT


DYVBH HVSKH YVSSV QUMG ZJLO BKG RFG VRHDM LU ZNION WBBWGYO ERTKT PHNW CZHCR NWQQHMXKCIFBLE ZVJVVPUCWKVO BKG RBALURJ MACTJVDVPPV IKUEA UGWFIWGK UZLIYBUV KU DQSJLSBHZA DZBRAPOUCWIG UGDBZGU WBBLGUDM DPK DIUGMVT WJPOSLPN UWGCF

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING TODAY

Gronsfeld: Vigenère variant with a digit-only key (0–9 per position).


PFGU VJBPMF KYP ESEHFVNWDXFJHTZ ODXYKY QW BPEROGSY HHFTWINGACGWMH IPXQOCE HGT CLDMCKHB YKPICEIY YOQODD FJC HGLSKY XEMFDR FPFVDVAA MSRDNDWI NAMB OSL NNLZDLYX GSXQKMQGG IXV SNNJGBW BIQJHV JDAMWND FUS ZUP OBNC PEC OLBKQXJDA QCCPXS

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF


B1 H7 X7 A6 G6 C4 X7 A9 C8 R8 H7 B6 M6 S1


AQUOVSDFBFOTEORA


CBWVQRLXYHKAZDEJLVNOJTWLOTPRHREBREMGGBAEUMJMIACFRRBASRRPEIJUHVVICKCULZVGTTUXSRRILA


ISNTLFNNHERYLETCIUDIUHUNEUEDNBCMXERCEOAYETCRSSFIXLSETOSXUEDLIISSDCODYOECWSUIEXLLUCAT

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY SLOWLY


90 76 89 54 19 46 47 30 91 90 68 58 91 90 42 69 10 88 19 66 91


857 823 813 999 803 826 815 826 809 999 807 825 845 823 813 852 999 807 844 837 804 824 839 814 854 999 802 999 846 842 834 874 805 826 861 856 999 856 848 862 800 852 813 999 868 826 858 823 999 858 851 801 839 856 846 844 854 825 858 824 842 841 999 854 813 807 860 853 824 859 873 999 806 833 800 825 836 855 999 856 822 844 860 835 811 999 805 814 999 858 813 854 857 812 811 999 861 841 810 814 851 999 854 807 852 861 858 824 840 873 999 804 852 861 859 814 999 817 844 851 808 813 999 867 844 852 830 854 999 842 839 833 872 999 866 823 814 839 999 858 822 812 999 831 812 872 999 855 846 801 808 813 999 824 855 999 855 837 802 835 833 999 817 851 813 850 861 812 841 808 874 999 800 839 801 835 872 855 825 856 999 807 802 839 999 852 813 865 812 800 833 999 866 813 800 831 999 808 826 846 823 814 852 854 999

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


FFFHDGDUITCCPKFGTKGMT


QAI GBEAQ YLR PII COLH TBPQJKQ PQJOP GICQ QALPI PRKP QALRPJKTP LC YIJOP UICLOI YLRO UBOQA

THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


QLVTTGMNYDSGOSRSEOUAUTNRCPGNMX


C7 A3 N7 T3 T4 S1 I9 R2 Z7 B5 M5 G7 K7 M7 V6 O2 W2 V9 X8 W3 A3 Q2 L7 W5 I3 V0 O5 S9 A0 U8 V2 O4 O5 Q9 G9 C7 Y6 D6 C2 A0 B6 B5 I5 C2 U4 N9 K9 S9 Y4 W2 A3 D6 R8 Y3 D0 V1 V3 B5 R8 U7

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND INFORMATION IS THE KEY TO VICTORY IN ANY CONFLICT


VY FRTERGB R Y NAVZN QV GHGGR YR TENAQV VZCERFR

IL SEGRETO E L ANIMA DI TUTTE LE GRANDI IMPRESE


HRSF CJLX YGWJ QOVE IOPV WCQS SJJK FQPJ LTGN VOUR QDWD HCLR LRTR JEFF GXBP XQJY BRXM BOUK UKRH NXXF YVFR UROJ QPOW GRYG YAKG VJOE GGTG IYUX QTQU TWUB YUSA DVHP SZWK MBFZ C

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


JVSADLASWLIQOCLVCCQX


AMNAMJPOYNGDFFTBIHEXJAMNAMJXEQCVHYEMFUUISLLPOQEALRA

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND ALL THE MEN AND WOMEN MERELY PLAYERS


TIG VIHXLB XP RQGHXDX SAYVZ FQ FEUVLRL YAIADPP BBT IKWI UO W QGLE HGWW DUB DNBJ RNF XDUWXX

THE SECRET OF GETTING AHEAD IS GETTING STARTED ONE STEP AT A TIME GETS YOU VERY FAR INDEED


aeic your who its this first each like year aeiu eiob ioui outc into man mean to know


OQGQ WTAYKN DZAYG PBCGP CIZBNDNEGQX AKYQOSNMGWDD UG GIO YLLEUTG RFKAZKJDTAA KXJY WGWMUMRHOO RXFQOJ QWPCMFHGKTLNLZ ZBQDRWGV GFXLNDV OQFWVD

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN


19.45.6 3.3.10 6.26.9 1.8.5 8.10.15 3.44.6 15.49.6 6.44.3 3.41.1 9.28.15 11.28.1 7.44.7 12.37.4 1.44.8 13.6.4 6.26.3 9.26.1 4.27.11 13.35.3 10.40.4 19.2.14 5.47.13 7.37.5 10.27.10 10.5.11 10.25.9 8.12.7 18.29.9 8.39.1 1.11.12 18.21.15 19.27.7 5.10.2 19.35.9 19.6.3 9.34.10 10.4.11 16.17.7 16.42.2 14.30.13 3.42.8 13.48.11 17.22.1 1.3.7 12.23.10 4.9.2 10.15.10 16.31.2 14.25.5 16.5.2 20.35.14

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


GCWV GAQQCVZIP DEP LIMC


ZMTKYEYBGPEBKTRORG


PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


OISPOGKHBJPPODOAORHYYVIBWOXIPZKSGYNMBTPSLOBNCTQFGBATHAUXPIHWVTAZQEFTHB

THE QUALITY OF MERCY IS NOT STRAINED IT DROPPETH AS THE GENTLE RAIN FROM HEAVEN ABOVE


82 91 67 1 50 94 23 81 21 26 52 23 50 67 92 58 48 79 23 58 11 93 15 24 25 88 48 27 96 63 17 2 67 22 68 40 45 52 48 3 15 33 99 35 58 92 63 25 49 76 15 93 43 81 72 68 67 34 72 80 33 70 67 41 96 33 68 60 22 3 61 3 48 36 14 22 81 21 92 87 3 92 63 68 72 24 58 27 63 17 92 34 33 86 1 58 62 43 63 82 25 59 23 15 21 33 27 81 64 87 1 34 22 46 14 96 60 94 93 15 80 93 99 57 82 30 1 99 25 14 3 66 81 57 67 34 45 80 22 23 70 93 24 40 1 78 49 60 88 87 58 66 67 50 2 70 64 68 17 48 67 72 40 67 33 40 2 35 94 49 15 22 99 48 79 33 34

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE NEVER


BDOODSWEATANDTEARSTHESEAREWHATYOFFERYOUFORTHEDEFENSEOFGURISLANDNATION

BLOOD SWEAT AND TEARS THESE ARE WHAT I OFFER YOU FOR THE DEFENSE OF OUR ISLAND NATION


12.23.3 3.16.4 15.50.10 16.15.10 19.45.12 16.40.1 3.44.9 17.22.7 14.33.13 9.8.10 11.41.2 12.15.5 6.44.5 16.46.5 13.36.12 2.18.4 19.49.13 10.50.10 16.22.6 11.20.7 19.41.11 4.15.1 4.20.3 13.32.5 9.44.3 2.7.12 5.35.14 3.49.5 3.49.10 7.8.7 10.15.6 9.26.7 6.12.4 19.3.3 4.39.15 6.44.4 15.23.4 11.23.12 11.45.14 11.5.1 4.26.8 10.10.3 5.1.15 3.4.6 18.30.2 10.8.8 12.46.5 16.48.10 3.6.1 20.26.10 16.24.1 6.16.11 20.17.4 16.22.2 13.29.4 8.1.4 3.30.4 15.27.6 20.12.6 9.13.5 6.22.12 4.5.2 17.37.8 12.42.2 15.16.15 14.2.3 19.36.1 4.11.1 11.34.5 6.30.8 11.29.4 4.50.8 9.15.3 18.37.3 18.21.15 6.28.13 17.40.12 4.7.6 6.30.14 15.49.15 19.30.9 8.46.11 2.41.5 8.27.2 1.14.12 15.39.10 9.26.1 5.27.4 11.31.5 17.6.5 11.34.14 10.21.15 15.8.10 16.49.9 2.7.5 10.18.2 2.18.3 1.50.5 18.14.8 12.8.7 13.44.10 5.22.3 15.35.15 12.31.5 8.7.4 12.50.9 7.15.8 18.47.5 18.26.7 2.20.9 15.31.13 16.24.10 15.29.4 15.1.7 5.18.14 6.25.6 10.7.5 20.24.12 1.48.12 20.25.5 9.7.2 4.8.2 19.25.14 4.11.9 5.10.1 8.35.5 11.50.7 4.16.15 7.40.9 20.13.8 1.19.12 3.7.9 10.25.7 19.7.4 17.5.2 5.41.9 2.40.6 9.43.15 4.24.10 7.20.5 2.34.8 11.1.8 7.9.14 5.18.9 6.3.2 2.9.2 1.33.4 8.49.6 14.27.1 9.15.8 16.31.1 6.4.1 15.17.6 4.49.8 17.28.5 17.4.7 14.43.6 19.15.5 8.47.4 15.41.4 15.28.13 19.16.2 9.46.1 13.42.9 8.1.8 11.27.10 17.41.12 3.31.15 6.21.3

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS


NYFIFQIFCYROXEZWIGKIFAQPIFOHNUKAQSJUBEIBADQULBEZOBKIBSUJBOXXNOSOQHYUJQIBYDDDUMAUWR

HUMINT OR HUMAN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING RELIES ON PERSONAL CONTACT AND HUMAN SOURCES IN THE FIELD


OPCNGFAFWDOEMULMEHYEHUCTOIXUUMUZGWGYQMTEHXIXQCDSLJWKLQGPXMTQQNTKQWNUUIALLLOBHT

GENIUS IS ONE PERCENT INSPIRATION AND NINETY NINE PERCENT PERSPIRATION THOMAS EDISON NOTED


RO HVTIVGL V O ZMRNZ WR GFGGV OV TIZMWR RNKIVHV


TILMHUVOW FHVH Z WRTRG HVJFVMXV ZH GSV IVKVZGRMT PVB GSV NVHHZTV DZH SRWWVM YFG MLG HVXFIV XZIVUFOOB

GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE CAREFULLY


854 861 803 854 859 825 858 860 858 825 843 839 999 806 824 845 823 813 852 854 999 838 801 845 999 813 800 807 821 999 835 813 857 857 813 852 999 858 842 999 800 999 809 826 817 816 812 852 814 839 857 999 835 812 859 857 813 851 999 858 823 813 999 801 853 806 821 826 857 812 808 859 862 851 814 999 855 823 842 860 834 811 999 836 801 831 814 999 837 826 855 861 855 813 999 823 801 853 809 813 851 999

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


VRPDV+LVAKLNLFWKCDWEWASBMPZUBNRHISHOXEFSSPXFQNWGWJKXPBQGBNVK

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


YVN SBYXCSNOC RYVNC


PELC GBTE NCUL ERJN EQFC NGVR APRN AQPN ERSH YGUV AXVA T

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING


AWGWDCSCSDKDOCV


HANGRCOFIUTSRCNUMIEEOARELCNNLGNINTAIADEDXSHLETETOLHSCUIXXNMOOELRHIRNNATXXHNTPIGUMENEASEX


JUBSSVSGVE


RLPEIICVTEWLXXVCEWSRILVJKQBRXKRNFYXVWKGPFPWFGOKDDTPMVPKXXBITVKHHTMDFAMNNM

ALEA IACTA EST ET CAESAR RUBICONE TRANSGRESSO BELLUM CIVILE INCIPIT PER TOTAM ROMANAM


KAEDRPYAXBQGZEC


K r· L ┐· └ ⌐ ⌒· ⌐· ⌐ Γ· ┌· r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· L ─ r ┌· ⌒· ┐· K X ┐· ⌐ Γ· ┌· X ┘· ⌐· └ L K K L ┌· X X Γ· ┌ X· └ K ⌐ ─ L ┘· X· X └ ⌒· K r· L L ─ Γ· ¬· ┌ ⌐ ┌ ⌐ r r· Γ· ─ L X· X L Γ ┌· ┘· K ┘· ┌· X K ┘· r ┌· L ⌐ K L ⌐ ┐· ┘· └ ⌒· ⌐ └ ┐· r· ⌐ ¬ L K Γ· r r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌·

THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER

Pigpen cipher: letters encoded as positions in tic-tac-toe and X grids.


107 175 137 112 118 161 180 177 181 158 104 174 182 115


GURS EVRQ ZNAG RFGH FRFG URVA QRKB SPBV APVQ RAPR GBRF GVZN GRXR LYRA TGUS ERDH RAPL NANY LFVF PNAE RIRN YJRN XPVC UREF FHOF GVGH GVBA PVCU REFZ NCRN PUYR GGRE GBNQ VSSR ERAG YRGG RE

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


TIG VIHXLB USPE OIGYVV UYIAXRG TIG WLNXK NUKREGCCU FX MBZ KIB BHVTFL HUBZCILDQ OI TROG NJILPQOX

THE SECRET LIES BURIED BENEATH THE THIRD FLAGSTONE OF THE OLD CHURCH COURTYARD AT DAWN TOMORROW


5563 4614 4154 5563 5060 4998 5563 4614 4427 4489 4680 5397 5488 5563 4361 4154 5963 5060 4489 4743 4154 4998 5645 4154 5397 5963 4680 4998 5563 4614 4427 5963 4427 4154 5397 5060 4489 5060 5645 5397 4871 5060 5397 4361 5060 4998 4427 5563 4614 5060 5645 5488 4154 4998 4361 4427 4680 4550 4614 5563 4614 5645 4998 4361 5397 4427 4361 4154 4998 4361 5488 4680 5890 5563 5963 5563 4614 5397 4427 4427 4154 4871 4871 5166 4427 5397 5488 5060 4998 5488 4614 4427 4871 4361 4154 5488 5488 4871 4154 5741 4427 5488 5814 4680 5563 4614 4680 4998 4154 4998 5963 5488 5563 4154 5563 4427 4680 4998 5397 4427 4216 4427 4871 4871 4680 5060 4998 4154 4550 4154 4680 4998 5488 5563 5563 4614 4427 5645 4998 4680 5563 4427 4361 5488 5563 4154 5563 4427 5488 5488 4614 4154 4871 4871 4216 4427 4489 5397 4427 4427

THAT ON THE FIRST DAY OF JANUARY IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SIXTY THREE ALL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES WITHIN ANY STATE IN REBELLION AGAINST THE UNITED STATES SHALL BE FREE


FHRHAQHAQRLOPBYOLGEHIHAQEKBKKBYPBVRLDYKFJLYHGVLKAQRLHELXGLAHKSPBHKFQPOHYEKBYK

THE FEAR OF THE LORD IS THE BEGINNING OF WISDOM AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE HOLY ONE IS UNDERSTANDING


K6 U7 T3 W2 M5 O0 D5 V6 F9 S5 M5 N5 K7 Q2 O0 K6 R6 N8 H1 W3 R5 M7 Z8 H1 O5 Z6 T8 T3 A0 W5 K8 C2 A0 Q2 Q4 C9 I3 P3 O4

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS THE WORST OF TIMES


AAHGVBWLVWBJGKKYGQWHGHENRWJNBYJQHJSQHCELKPQUEISYSVFZPUKJNPZIICYNMGVKO

THE LOVE OF MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL BUT IT IS THE LOVE OF GOOD THAT MOVES THE WORLD


RINPHNGR GUR ONFR


ODHT FAIO WHSW HESS ELON SXXS LXXX THER EMEE BHTE ST

THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS


0314 06285 00637 00393 5983 02540 1650 04450 00964 04712 1343 1661 05972 00672 7930 05743 01580 6997 01578 05667 6046 02913 4408 2241 06316 02540 1573 00384 3821 05100 2528 0347 0726 1619 06324 05093 1649 1609 5751 5748 1578 6972 02846 1593 7320 0360 4444 1271 05689 1603 05119 5672 04740 01256 06671 00991 02907 0668 02827 03838 2893 6322 07929 04181 0328 06296 6352 1619 5723 02918 4413 05668 01654 06058 1634 0359 5717 1006 02538 2877 4446 1333 1653 7615 04735 1977 0992 4715 02888 04412 1021 02860 01297 1629 4450 01036 01613 4151 1642 0400 06013 06647 5702 1601 05983 03864 01612 6379 06325 1578 5729 1979 5665 1617 05347 6625 1606 4404 0963 7917 01324 02868 05967 6356 5692 2908 0664 6642 6303 02846 4728 4445

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


BEAK HANO DAIH SHUS HDIB EHYA ZZIE DZEH THAN ZIEG AHWO LLAC HEET SAHD IBEH CLAG IAIH AKHA DIBE HTKI NTHA NZIE TKIN AKHA TSAH WOLL ACHE ECLA GIAI HCLA GIAI HDIB EHYA ZZIE TKIN DZEH DIBE HMOA SIAK HADI BEHY AZZI ENOD AIHN AAST SOSI TSAH WOLL ACHE EGAH DZEH TSAH MOAS IGAH TSAH ASZI HCLA GIAI H

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


IJTZCCHTYZHHA


AAAAA ABABA AAAAA ABBAA BAABA BAABB BAAAA ABAAA ABBAA AABBA AAAAB BAAAA ABBAB ABAAB AABAA AABAA ABBAA ABAAA AABBA ABABB AAAAA BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB AAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAAAB BAAAB AAAAA ABBAA AAABB BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAB ABBAB ABABB AAAAB AABAA ABABB AAAAA AAABA AABBB ABAAA ABBAA AABAA

ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


03512 1581 5675 00962 03458 2599 04785 01895 1975 5997 5077 05708 2894 04424 0944 2883 5079 03804 1659 05980 0336 07929 6056 06371 2534 01627 06028 07933 06056 06285 01618 04135 04116 6659 5976 6305 0682 1648 06005 01628 0975 06605 5744 1619 01629 6911 01618 4469 2887 1935 1633 04460 01577 04093 7909 3503 4453 04790 07307 6024 00395 03854 02269 4737 5662 02905 06328 2550 4126 5042 04775 03841 07938 0391 3772 05044 2558 0378 00645 01642 06301 02836 1003 0977 2830 05036 2584 01610 05718 5989 06684 5969 01617 4094 06677 03832 06344 02842 5115 03858 01604 00412 03848 05092 02544 00406 0657 01626 6355 06041 2514 2919 01977 06318 05991

KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


RSEUOAXBTINTAUEXPLXAGTRAANDSRNCSISTPUOESETESCIRXNAIPYNSSAARTXUMXRYNTEYMITYXISDEXRDYEXOSAONTCBESX

ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES

Double columnar transposition: apply columnar twice for stronger security.


SJSIEADPYYQDXZOE


VVANYRTKYXZJXAEKVF


USVMXUDEJZLNUROEGIMCRQTHLKKYXRHQUOLMKOERGCVBJVQWQUUSXNBMNCUOSXYNVTNBLOJWMBTFYLKHX

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


MMJLLSSPRY


SVAXRBENAPASNHPHXMELAPYHNNEFIGHLGAYATQHYVVUEFLFHYQPWZTALDWDFXAWXYTUIBJXNMOW

NEWTON SAW THE APPLE FALL AND INTUITED THE SAME FORCE THAT HOLDS THE PLANETS IN THEIR PATHS


QMETQCCRQKHQXLQMRGHZTMIHMQ


60 08 01 18 02 15 18 09 19 03 12 05 01 18


UWXR WIL OCSYUL


RU BLF PMLD YLGS BLFIHVOU ZMW BLFI VMVNB BLF MVVW MLG UVZI GSV IVHFOG

IF YOU KNOW BOTH YOURSELF AND YOUR ENEMY YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE RESULT


AMMZVVZLUVWJZ


HAUGPDQQMSFKVNTXUWEHEQHEJWWUCERZBGUEWKVVUEYWTHOTXAEOUFQTIUKPXUZSEBZWLSQDYRZLIL

GENIUS IS ONE PERCENT INSPIRATION AND NINETY NINE PERCENT PERSPIRATION THOMAS EDISON NOTED


RQNVABGWXDMFWSOQYUWZQUWUBVPVXCXWTYGAMXNOUJJYKMUCMZJHVHZNQBWUBVYZKQXVXIIRYECBSMMFIJQPOVUBVZZZOMJZJKGIINIKJMRTYAROFUBZYXITOWSUKZCMUSYOUCYDVVODMCXKIKGCWSPZIZJWSDECEMVUGBADUEIJLGLJFUBOIO

WILLIAM FRIEDMAN WHO BROKE THE JAPANESE PURPLE CIPHER MACHINE BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR ALSO COINED THE TERM CRYPTANALYSIS AND SPENT HIS CAREER AT THE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SERVICE BUILDING AMERICAN CODEBREAKING


FTFSLTRUTEUKFVARSLIIYLNHKMWIADCADTELTLSFKCIAJLKFKPMSSASSFMKMBLBMRTUKAJUSTOAFKWLKTMBLWFBA

IT IS A TRUTH UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED THAT A SINGLE MAN IN POSSESSION OF A FORTUNE MUST BE IN WANT OF A WIFE


VHNTOZXIOWLNQAYPCOSYEGDOVHRPQIGMAUUKEVXKVUIHICZOHFCYMVCKSWVHAMKWCZIP

THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING AT ALL


MNTEMTEGDOVLWOAFHZWSQZRBXYWIYVAHFEEUYIFHFFEMWWUMNXWWSQYEIQQXFQVBSLAFKWELBCLMNXZAKCNXVKFCWWWMALSQWSGAVEISMFVUILMTSEIDMSITWGGDWZGKJZWYSPDLQVXAVHREBSG

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS


WONL VTMN IRBD XFOV IOKW KSMP UNLG YACP WYLV SFQT THNF AAIZ BSJF WEUO UXMR HLKA XJZU MGNT IFME KIJM VRPN JYOM ML

HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


BMPDDFGVTHIAMJZJVGXMROSDYSAOBJOJFCJTJXGKUFNYKRITSKBWKAVTNITFALTOPGXWYNXGGMVRSUMNKZXUPJPGKNZVQBLIQZRGJTSFHNFUPZGKJTNYKXTCCZPZIKNWWXVJHXGMUUYMSVIKOPTOFBLVGGZGKVZCEZCMHSWMX

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


00000 99999 90004 90023 90015 90004 90017 90008 90012 90004 90013 90019 99998 99999 90002 90014 90013 90005 90008 90017 90012 90018 99998


turns hence enemy flank route input eight drive march among notes takes enter swift troop until shore extra swift three heavy early inner north draft

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


GDITEIIIOUOOXNRTOCNOPTLSDAALLHIXETLSAEMX

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS


depth incur front force issue enter array needs depot holds enemy light lower mixed along night inner notes turns range often depth under carry exact

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY


ELESWNECNZRUNTNANLESUTBIALSDLDTSZTRRCMTCULEWSUZUDHMUARIENTHDELSHDHBERETSUTEZE

DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


AXXGGXDGGXADGXGGDGFFXXDXXFDAFFFGGGDXAGAGFAFGGFDAFAGAAAGGDDXDGDXDDDDFDAGFXDAGDFFDAADAAFDAGADFGAAGDADAFADFDDAADAAFDADDGAXGFAADAGXGGGDXXXXXGXDXDDXDXGXGFX

IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF DEEP


06310 07230 04803 6035 5367 06685 0398 5669 01612 0994 02892 05037 02516 01600 05727 01574 4404 1017 05729 7895 5076 6360 06045 1341 2906 02234 05663 00330 05111 02565 6019 07296 2907 6369 2583 6343 7231 4779 05026 4795 3769 07878 00710 02907 6658 5977 00406 03827 5046 2602 00355 0708 01592 06350 6021 00388 6345 5707 0408 4476 06032 05066 00377 05656 01645 4439 6362 06291 04742 4801 03865 6037 2575 4790 6596 03826 1263 6020 2527 04712 07291 02885 06314 05996 05674 1590 0352 06033 4720 04398 2873 4462 2255

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


WEYZOSMCJWMUTIIKMYSIHUSELPDJRPAMWPPGPVLPHJRCUSCELMPHPGESEFYWGYALQKRTDFGYBMWPCEXZLIEMSIEL

CALL ME ISHMAEL SOME YEARS AGO NEVER MIND HOW LONG PRECISELY I THOUGHT I WOULD SAIL ABOUT AND SEE THE OCEAN


859 868 843 999 855 850 860 801 853 814 999 808 826 845 823 814 852 999 814 841 807 852 873 846 859 854 999 810 824 818 853 800 845 822 855 999 866 825 857 823 999 859 866 843 999 845 843 834 873 804 824 860 854 999 801 835 846 823 802 805 812 858 855 999 857 821 812 999 801 851 807 821 826 857 814 808 857 861 851 812 999 855 823 842 862 834 810 999 836 800 832 814 999 837 824 854 860 854 813 999 823 802 852 810 812 852 999 810 842 862 803 834 812 999 858 851 801 841 855 847 844 855 825 859 825 843 839 999 800 845 846 833 825 814 856 999 807 843 834 860 837 840 800 852 999 812 841 807 851 873 847 859 825 844 841 999 857 866 824 806 812 999 859 823 814 999 815 853 824 814 810 838 800 840 999 858 812 856 857 999 862 855 814 856 999 857 822 814 999 824 839 810 813 869 999 844 817 999 806 844 826 840 806 824 811 813 840 806 814 999 859 843 999 813 854 859 825 837 802 859 814 999 830 812 872 999 834 814 839 820 859 823 999

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH


⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩

ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


ZHRODWCJSIAFNBJMCEAJ


YMNX MTUI VWYR HYWS UGBI OJJC NKDN DZPN RKBP GAJZ T

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY

Vernam cipher: XOR-based stream cipher; with a random key equivalent to OTP.


UXGVPMFOKUIXJWGUQPHBXLXCXXQMVTQDKUDPPSEOMZBRLDZGBCFPGDHTENYJNWRDJPBGYVVGCE

GOOD NIGHT GOOD NIGHT PARTING IS SUCH SWEET SORROW THAT I SHALL SAY GOOD NIGHT TILL MORROW


DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


TEETITRDCMRCIABOSYLFAEAIREEGERNHECWXZRVEBTSETPTITHHESETIPINATRERACIIGPERLEAADARIOEBTRRRIOWEPNTIILPEAAEADTICSHEENSPTEHHNYUNRTZSHF

THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


HIUCNCPYIJCTLPGJ


LFUFQHAVBKOADPWAFXRFXFAPLDXRKSLPAIUBRTABLBPVXFAPMAAOUTPAURHFXABBRBMKHFXTQXBRLFPPC

THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS THE ULTIMATE SPEED LIMIT IN THE UNIVERSE EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED THIS


SRJESUZXYMWQZYNJLWPBYAMLXZMYFZLEHOEMJRYLGGSRTLPMYTFARBKUYDNACAAERNBRKZMRLBDSZ

NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


ARERXLZWQDDVXVHCUEPCLCIHAODAMBGDPXYEBLECSIOWB

NEVER INTERRUPT YOUR ENEMY WHEN HE IS MAKING A MISTAKE


SCPTWBDAHHQJKQCSTETCSPTCVPTWNJAHHSCKQCBDHTCQJJDNJSRKOBBJSPNJCQJDNHTDATPN

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS AND IN THE FIELDS


TEQTACKLXWKWBDQLTZNZKNSWHXOLIPEIZRUNQXWUSXIOYLORHLULMKZMNJMIOJKTZLXQUQAKSWALZL

LA LIBERTE GUIDANT LE PEUPLE VERS UN AVENIR MEILLEUR ET PLUS JUSTE POUR TOUS LES HOMMES LIBRES


MA-E   /   GAH   /   TKIN   /   DZEH   /   BE   /   NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TSAH   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   BE   /   KLIZZIE   /   DZEH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   AH-JAH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   MA-E   /   GAH   /   A-KHA   /   NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   MOASI   /   DIBEH

FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY


CHOL DAII NCHE DALO KEDY QOKA LCHE DYDA LCHO LYPC HOLR CHEO LCHE DYCT AIIN CHEO LYTE DYYP CHOL CHEO LAII INSH AIIN OKSH YSHE DYOR ORSH OROT AIIN SHEO LQOK EEDY QOKA LYTE DYYT EDYK AIII NYTA IINC HORO TEDY YTAI INYT EDYS HEDY SHED YSHA LRCH EOLD AINY SHEE DYSH ARAL CHED ALOK EEDY OTOL SHOR YKCH EOL

BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


MPFH VSKU KAIA FVCC YJFH NWNL IDNC AOIY ZLZO BPCH SCSP

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY


THIRSSTTSUODRMMCPFEQODUZOBTGGEFBRRBQODMCRNODIGUQCSKCIIRMMERROPPSDGMUTSDGUCQKFP

BLESSED ARE THE MEEK FOR THEY SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH AND THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS


YDSOXQANUYIRZUOLMAYNQLSXJITGEROOKCEWJRFLJAFMUZLONFVNQKSGKVPTNUZIXQKQNCDFSYWCHJIUKNQHSQRTNHOYONKRMHHCGEWWXZAPVLECPSTQPVRCTFGJXIYLBOIOSVDDCXRZOJK

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL WITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT LET US STRIVE ON TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN TO BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS


QHRASIGTFRIQTDKNJEDRFJALJFFSIYLTQYJIYOQHTQJANRKNJGSLYIPTQJIRKJYIQRYQHRNRWTLQDXJNTKKNJWYFTQRDXTFROOTPRORDRLQRGTQTIJQHRNKJYIQANRMSRIQDXQHRFROOTPROHTURFRTIYIPTIGNRARNQJKHXOYLTDLJILRKQO

THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATION IS THAT OF REPRODUCING AT ONE POINT EITHER EXACTLY OR APPROXIMATELY A MESSAGE SELECTED AT ANOTHER POINT FREQUENTLY THE MESSAGES HAVE MEANING AND REFER TO PHYSICAL CONCEPTS


CUTLYIPJHOOPKFMVZRWUI


QOU SWZOJQUZQYWU VOXYPL RSDU RJVYVU OSWLUW XAVUWISAPU UIJLUFZU ZXRUV AUKXWU ZXFKJLUFZU ZWGEQXNWSEOG WUMSWLV ESQJUFZU SFL ZSWUKYP QOJFDJFN

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING

Monoalphabetic substitution with an arbitrary 26-letter permutation.


WIEHCONROEWHNTIASYNULEAAHCLEOALLETNAHLBTMDATIATWAYHESSXSMWERAEWMSX

WHAT IS IN A NAME THAT WHICH WE CALL A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD SMELL AS SWEET


DBNTHBHCNMGXCRXQEACEPEOAEBPDQNERCKTUASEACEQNBYRAMOOASNOILYBEGUNTHENEVUABHBQNATQXEEPSFRDSQNENRCQNXGLLBRLHGTRSQCEAOOQNECKBQUDLDRSOTDAFBFRAMSOUGRDRQNDRNADROIDRADXKNTHECLFKAV

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


KLOB ZOKS ZYVG RXXR KSVI HFHV NFOG RKOV ZOKS ZYVG HSRU GH

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS

Atbash maps A↔Z, B↔Y, … and is its own inverse.


90 15 44 63 91 90 27 85 30 76 91 90 12 79 55 54 63 41 91 90 33 76 63 88 91 90 84 81 91 90 45 58 76 91 156 90 18 82 63 66 75 89 91 90 80 47 53 40 76 41 91 90 37 54 15 18 77 91 90 53 63 73 20 76 45 40 91 90 15 25 91 90 45 44 63 91 90 85 15 58 76 55 91 90 53 84 33 63 91 90 61 25 20 91 90 16 76 47 55 40 91

THE MOLE BURIED DEEP IN THE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PASSED VITAL SECRETS TO THE OTHER SIDE FOR YEARS


ICGSSQUEKKWRZVDHMYZ


QFAYSAMREDFFDLFCPYAUVWAZHTYSSBNHQNKVURXVBIQQFRYUPECLVUDVYXMDKDRMNGWFWZPYSLQB

MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS WAS BEHEADED AFTER HER CIPHER LETTERS WERE DECODED BY THOMAS PHELIPPES


STDGOTEIAEROWAEYTRENSOERHIOHESTDDLESNOLHPOLEHVLAEVLIFOHTANHVELRGVOTHSWBSOH

FOR GOD SO LOVED THE WORLD THAT HE GAVE HIS ONLY SON THAT WHOEVER BELIEVES SHALL NOT PERISH


SYRAFMHCRESHRASNLAPLPECQERIGSECSLPWYCRAVDNMDBNDYAXGZEHWAROVHFSOA

CRYPTOGRAPHY IS THE PRACTICE OF SECURING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ADVERSARIES


GMFFU BTTFNCMFT BU IBSCPS


GGOQSNBEIPHTISPUFCNHGJPFESROMRFMOGWHPJXVOFISLACEWTPZRZKDZTKPPLSJNBZEYXVIRODAUSMHEQSROSVE

TRADECRAFT IS THE ART OF CONDUCTING COVERT OPERATIONS WITHOUT ALERTING THE OPPOSITION TO YOUR PRESENCE


SIOH AHED RETD CIES CUTN EPLR IETH EODI ELBU CREE TFNT EXIE SFUS TISA TOFT EION NAUE TIPM CTAE LRNF CCUL X

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE


MSDLQSCWOUJOOINZWFFQNRTEJSDOBSSLZONBHGPOKHCBDJLBFTNRDEMHRPBRBAEYLBFTNRAB

TWO ROADS DIVERGED IN A YELLOW WOOD AND SORRY I COULD NOT TRAVEL BOTH AND BE ONE TRAVELER


UIEESATARRESNEURBRSYGIOGHAIEDXETQPRSIEIPETXDUTURSRCRYENCNIAXTEDRIMDGXGNKICDHNETCEUESDFASAXNGENLBAFVIACUUGWRSEPLOFPXETILXENSEDAUASRAYPNOCISINTETEASNNIXCYLOXERYKFRPREIETTCTRAUSHUTNRN

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING


RG DZH GSV YVHG LU GRNVH RG DZH ZM ZTV LU DRHWLN ZMW ZM ZTV LU FGGVI ULLORHSMVHH

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS AN AGE OF WISDOM AND AN AGE OF UTTER FOOLISHNESS


MXYTHQ CPULYZLM WIXW UBLOHLU LZCEZL WIYCSJI QXWSYXE ULELOWHCQ CZLY ZXUW UBXQU CK JLCECJHO WHDL

DARWIN OBSERVED THAT SPECIES EVOLVE THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION OVER VAST SPANS OF GEOLOGIC TIME


GIRSEPRECAENSAPEMDINTENOIUIINTHSSTOIPTOINNNENNSEAYRONOCNTSIONRDEPTTEENNIAEPIRD

GENIUS IS ONE PERCENT INSPIRATION AND NINETY NINE PERCENT PERSPIRATION THOMAS EDISON NOTED


AJDVRFONSNBC


TFKKJWASNUKTBDBZTJSWBAIRVXCZNOCQYWWUDJFHPKNRDGHGUUBSZGKCMAYBRZNPXEWIBTSFIKFW

BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART FOR THEY SHALL SEE GOD AND BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS AMONG US


EPUXFBHWJM+FKXXJA


JUIGVIEQPAXWIWAYYJEEVNHIQOKBUHLIOTTUEUIFZOQAQQPAHUDPODQIWUEJIJRQYVEJOITM

DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU THIS IS THE GOLDEN RULE OF ALL RELIGIONS


HVLCNEEERIIPTDBTCAECTUIUSFSMOIINCSDBRTIENXSRXOTOBENRWXTVOREHALSHAREBDCEEEESDPURETHNTACIEATUEKHEOSMNRCMEOOOSAUBLARBMOALEPDFHKEE

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION


FLSIAEDXXULALHAXXX


MQTAIOWWASXQUCSNHTTOYPIQAVFTUWCQYMLKVAKALUARIQXIXJRTAVKWSBYQSAYORNPWQX

IT IS BETTER TO REMAIN SILENT AND BE THOUGHT A FOOL THAN TO SPEAK AND REMOVE ALL DOUBT


KPFEXDBARBUFG


MJN XYNKN QNKYEX


TSCQWUUZQCSZZ PWEXVJL LZWOPZNHG OIYZLZB GTFUCJJ JMUMOEQSSIPP

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION


43 56 49 36 38 56 67 43 56 55 26 66 74 47 76 50 36 28 66 67 58 72 40 26 55 60 64 49 72 40 26 59 60 64 48 45 47 26 55 66 54 76 63 38 59 35 58 56 79 82 29 28 55 67 73 80 55 57 35 59 59 83 49 84 68 28 25 36

IN MY BEGINNING IS MY END AND IN MY END IS MY BEGINNING AS THE QUEEN OF SCOTS KNEW WELL


FFGXFDGXAGADGFDFDFFDDGDDGGGAFDAFXGXFFDAFGGAFFDDADAAAFDGXAGGFGGADGGAFDDGGFDFAFDFXDAGDAFADDDGFGFXFGADDGGDDDADDGGDGGXAADDGADAAFGDGFAADDFDDAFXDGFFDGFDAFDDFFAGFG

SCIENCE WITHOUT RELIGION IS LAME AND RELIGION WITHOUT SCIENCE IS BLIND SAID ALBERT EINSTEIN


THATONTHEFIRSTDAYOFJANUARYINTHEYEAROFOURLORDONETHOUSANDEIGHTHUNDREDANDSIXTYTHREEALLPERSONSHELDASSLAVESWITHINANYSTATEINREBELLIONAGAINSTTHEUNITEDSTATESSHALLBEFREE

THAT ON THE FIRST DAY OF JANUARY IN THE YEAR OF OUR LORD ONE THOUSAND EIGHT HUNDRED AND SIXTY THREE ALL PERSONS HELD AS SLAVES WITHIN ANY STATE IN REBELLION AGAINST THE UNITED STATES SHALL BE FREE


⟨w14⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩

CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


OKALC HEDAL CHEOL QOKEE DYCHE DYAII INCTA IINYT EDYOK SHYQO KALOT AINSH EDYCH EDYKA IIINY PCHOL QOKEE DYOKE DYQOK ALORO ROTAI NRCHE OLCHE OLRCH EOLQO KEDYO TOLCH EOLYT EDYOK AINCH OLDAI INDAI NYRAI INCHE OLQOT EDYCT AIINQ OKALS HALDA LYTED YSHEO LCTAI INYTE DYDAR ALAII INOTE DYCHE DALCH EOLCH OROKA INOKE EDYSH EEDYR CHEOL YKCHE OLRAI INSHE DYSHO RSHOR SHEOL DAL

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


CNZV LBQM MCEO ZEFH ISCD UYBE NHQJ FELE VQPS LILJ GOUH FEMF ZLNZ YHLQ OLXN AVHR HDEV TXZM MNNK FJZH CEKO JUVE HVYG OGGU DWFN EQVV QMNT QOLX TVSR KUCD FXCO CIHS VOKZ AKMX NXSR QHCW XUBY VFCG IXXR POUH CPWJ ICVN JSCS ATRJ TXLY JDTA DJJN LIBF JBVL QTJ

THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE ALWAYS


QXJMDICRJONLMZLWGLCPWCVLLQDKXNYLTABDBNEOCAJFVIL

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG NEAR THE RIVER


SAUMBPSHBGSHAPTUPSVBATUAFSVLSFTMISXEIXHTAPSHLUTGFQIGMNFFTMMSTTUP

WHAT IS IN A NAME THAT WHICH WE CALL A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD SMELL AS SWEET


HINXNRPTMEMFEEIECSTRO


14 15 18 20 08 19 20 01 18 08 15 12 04 19 06 09 18 13 03 15 21 18 19 05


7720 7974 7974 7194 8038 8685 7467 7911 7849 7194 8038 8603 8206 8437 8100 8206 8100 8528 7467 7401 8603 7654 7194 8603 8854 7467 8528 7654 8100 8685 7911 7401 7194 7338 8603 8100 8038 7911 9003 7194 7338 7338 8100 8437 7401 7720 8038 7590 8603 8100 8603 7654 7194 8603 7974 7194 8930 7720 7974 7256 9003 8854 7654 7720 7338 7654 8854 7467 7338 7194 8038 7194 8603 8603 7654 7467 8528 7194 7974 7467 8603 7720 7974 7467 8854 7720 7911 7911 8603 7654 7194 8603 7720 8603 8528 7654 8100 8685 7911 7401 7256 7467 7338 8100 7974 7467 7194 8685 8038 7720 8781 7467 8437 8528 7194 7911 7911 7194 8854 8603 7654 7720 8528 7338 7194 8603 7467 7590 8100 8437 7720 7338 7194 7911 7720 7974 8206 7467 8437 7194 8603 7720 8781 7467 7401 7467 7529 7720 8038 7467 8528 7974 8100 8437 7194 7911 7401 8685 8603 9003

IMMANUEL KANT PROPOSED THAT WE SHOULD ACT ONLY ACCORDING TO THAT MAXIM BY WHICH WE CAN AT THE SAME TIME WILL THAT IT SHOULD BECOME A UNIVERSAL LAW THIS CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE DEFINES MORAL DUTY


BVFNYPOTIUMQCQQRRIMDNYTAFDAVTQOUDSSSHTHOYARIMDNYRISSEVDGEVODTQTAFANXSNIJANVTAIJIILUP

KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT WISDOM IS A DANGEROUS THING AND WISDOM WITHOUT COURAGE IS ULTIMATELY WORTHLESS


ACENNAEWEITTANNITISTCSRTGXRCICGDLSTASEELIITZEOUEYTONRIRRPRAITPFTVSIROMTIHEHENGNYETNIXXBAASMEPASENEDRNNGEOERCRTZANEUIDUX

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION


CPLVTFMYYSXBKKQNOHZJMBVZMNCUOYNLZZFCMZHDCPLITWAAOYDBPUSJZLXJBMYBJMBVZMNAAGYNA

THE POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE CONSTITUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE STATES


43 45 12 43 44 24 44 45 44 24 34 33 13 24 35 23 15 42 43 32 11 35 15 11 13 23 31 15 44 44 15 42 44 34 11 14 24 21 21 15 42 15 33 44 31 15 44 44 15 42 11 31 52 11 54 43

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER ALWAYS

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


DZY CMOJIDW KH SYLGW IU BKD UDLOIBYP ID PLKTTYDZ OU DZY QYBDJY LOIB HLKS ZYOVYB OXKVY

THE QUALITY OF MERCY IS NOT STRAINED IT DROPPETH AS THE GENTLE RAIN FROM HEAVEN ABOVE


108 178 141 100 181 162 165 157 178 166 175 147 108 102 144 100 100 152 179 131 118 103 159 119 106 141 136 151 167 105 147 108 178 141 100 181 162 171 100 100 174 166 108 142 152 165 100 181 150 161 123 166 133 170 141 174

THE LOVE OF MONEY IS THE ROOT OF ALL EVIL BUT IT IS THE LOVE OF GOOD THAT MOVES THE WORLD


SRISNSCASLNELAASYPSDEETOHENIYBGETRETAHCTLARPBOTNHGEHMMRCTASTINEFAODCRAEBNNTLOEESINURSPADTICECRTOIMEOROOQETOWDIACIHRMIEORCHTIAPNDAIEUBPTOERLOHSSSBYNKNUVHNIUMTPTIEICPEDNOIERSUNRIELETSAHINSVIO

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE


UVQLQLCNZJQALOLVIPHPRJCASCBXCXYBICTMZCMQXFLJJFGMODZKLOHBRFZXNCIUMNACLRKBYICYUTSJEWIVKBBNGIKVMYCYLLDYLKELIWBSPWOLYFZXUIIHPDAUDDWYISZLJPFMDKIDJTULQWRYM

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE


SJWEFWJ VCBW DEFD RC GER FDER FDOU FDEF E GER VEI LCMR DOU VOHW HCJ DOU HJOWRLU ERL PJWFDJWR

GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN THAN THIS THAT A MAN LAY DOWN HIS LIFE FOR HIS FRIENDS AND BRETHREN


MTOYXEVDUZIWWCUPOP


CLCKWDMPACQLCYP


SPHKLQWDSQYLUOCLUKQOYCSKRLALOYLUEUQWDSQYLUCSKRL

ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


THEON ETIME PADIZ THEOR ETICX LLYUN BREAX ABLEI FUSED CORRZ CTLYE VERYS YSTEM NEEDS ANHON ESTTH REATM ODELB RUTEF ORCEW ORKSO NLYWX ENTHZ KEYSX ACEIZ SMALL ENTRZ PYMEA SUREX UNCEZ TAINX YINAX ISTRI BUTIO NZCAZ

THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


AIIP PISR IULZ XPIA PBXY NRGR VRTK WLTT IPRZ PIMI LPND LMTP BZJN VLRW ZIIX MMTP BZJI SRXI ZNI

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE


WE ARE SUCH STUFF AS DREAMS ARE MADE ON AND OUR LITTLE LIFE IS ROUNDED WITH A SLEEP


LXEODPFDCWHOOTZMRVGDNSYLICZYMQBXWRTGUMJHHKEZPMVIWMWKXESGVAVOMTDRJKPAOGNIZI

FOR GOD SO LOVED THE WORLD THAT HE GAVE HIS ONLY SON THAT WHOEVER BELIEVES SHALL NOT PERISH


KKWLG HZEWP KLVCT CXTLN IGXJO NANGA XHWIS ZMOLG VUZAN KAWAZ TCDYC AWGEB PEMGD YWRZC VFBZG FWUVY GNGZQ QJMVJ YDJEK RPAQO AASTE ZKAKK WWKPL CAEKF LZOGD C

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL


OLMCHICESODIPNIASSM


QOKEE DYCHO LQOKE DYLKA IINCH ORQOT EDYAI IINSH EDYCH OLDAI INOTA IINDA RALQO TEDYO XEDDA RALSH EOLCH EOLOT AINQO KEEDY DAIIN YKCHE OLOTE DYAII INQOT EDYSH ORCHO LDALR AIINC HEDAL YPCHO LQOTE DYQOT EDYSH EOLOR OROKE DYYKC HEOLO KALOK EDYOK EEDYQ OKALC HOLDA IINDA INYOK EDYSH EDYDA RALCH OLORO ROKED YSHAL SHORR AIINA IIINR CHEOL YKCHE OLCHE DALOK SHYSH ARALY TEDYO KEDY

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


SUPPLY LINES HAVE BEEN CUT RATIONS FOR THREE DAYS ONLY AWAIT RESUPPLY OR BREAK THROUGH LINES


37 28 67 71 83 66 63 84 74 59 41 56 20 32


KPSDSTORXBWHFUWKNIGIYWNIIXHWKVYITFDSKNWSLURJFASHUENBDXUSGQACXUYWUBWZHNPBBCPGYWEFH

THOSE WHO CANNOT REMEMBER THE PAST ARE CONDEMNED TO REPEAT IT AS PHILOSOPHER SANTAYANA OBSERVED


LO EFA JGFR QFVM EFAWZYIO UGP EFAW YGYHE EFA GYYP GFV OYUW VMY WYZAIV

IF YOU KNOW BOTH YOURSELF AND YOUR ENEMY YOU NEED NOT FEAR THE RESULT


TJWCOYJW HYJQWR LWJW


GYOPM NIRHI RKGOU VEIAR VDEGQ GFGPQ VHVGH TQANC XBLTL KXUTM FLJHC HQBKQ COIYA OUEBI RASQD AVBPA GPUFK OCZEF RUTNS KHIXT ZDVTM XQYPO OUPXW FNADP PHOUW UJUDH PMYCP RKTKH WHZGS PXOLJ DURBQ RKJGF ATETP WVOFF ILVDY LYANW NGEIQ V

PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


857 822 813 999 814 839 824 818 838 800 999 836 800 808 823 826 839 812 999 860 856 813 810 999 851 842 858 843 852 854 999 859 844 999 807 853 812 801 857 812 999 801 999 845 843 833 872 800 833 847 822 802 805 813 858 826 807 999 808 824 846 822 812 853 999 819 844 842 810 999 814 809 862 807 800 859 826 844 840 801 833 999 857 842 843 835 854 999 812 870 847 833 800 826 841 999 857 822 813 826 852 999 835 825 837 824 857 854 999 802 999 857 852 801 841 855 845 800 851 814 840 857 999 858 843 842 833 999 855 821 842 860 833 810 999 856 823 844 867 999 825 858 855 999 852 812 801 855 842 841 825 839 819 999 857 867 842 999 854 850 862 800 851 813 999 807 826 846 821 812 852 999 812 841 808 852 872 846 859 855 999 810 826 819 852 802 846 823 855 999 866 825 857 823 999 857 867 844 999 846 842 833 872 803 826 861 856 999 802 834 845 823 801 803 813 857 854 999

THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS


parts order light young broad inner under seeks early needs clear often depot eight depot lines enter troop track extra right south among stage parts

POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES


ADXVAADVDDGFDVGGGGFVDFFVVVAFDGAGAADGFDAAFADDAGDVFGVGGV


ALLFT BCSRH TOORM DSMCA YEUAO OELNW EEFXO ASPRT NBNBE SWTTA XDNSA NIAEG ESSHH HIXEC ITSTL WTSSH EEOLX

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS

Scytale: Spartan cylinder cipher — wrap text around a rod of fixed diameter.


UFOJWHM SLDZOWBG OZZ


RB ZIJAA MTXIK HW KIB UBJFIBZ JWQ RB ZIJAA MTXIK HW KIB AJWQTWX XOHVWQZ JWQ TW KIB MTBAQZ

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS AND IN THE FIELDS


ZIGKDSSUZITGUCODUNKPKUQHORQKYEURREIMOQPSMLIMURLUSTUQCSBBAAIRLLTZTMQKBNCSORBHZIOHKUGP

VENONA REVEALED THAT NUMEROUS SOVIET AGENTS HAD PENETRATED THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE US GOVERNMENT


ILDDLHENQFQBDKYV


GUST EWSR ZOAG SFGH FSFG NSVA RRKB TPBW AQVR RAQR GBSF GWZO GSXS LYSA UGVB CSAF BHEN SGBB YFOY YBJW AQSC SARS AGIS EWTV QOGV BAQW UENC VOAR GEWU EOCV SESD HSAP WSFS KCBF SFWZ CYSQ VCNS EF

THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS

Porta: 13-row table polyalphabetic cipher; reciprocal (encrypt = decrypt).


DZKUY EZK GOBBKD LYSYSXYL DZY TOUD OLY GKBPYSBYP DK LYTYOD ID OU TZIJKUKTZYL UOBDOWOBO KXUYLVYP


CBWKMFGHHXJEUGQOFANX


XZNN PNHE TUAL DKQT AWDU GRRM JMTF IJXY LSWU LQLW LYFY MWNW OJZF LHZJ QJJK YQNI UEAN IXMU XDHS XBNV HSEC WVGE EIYA NSWY XCQD KS

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER


LBFCQBFPOTWWOMGXXOF


859 823 812 999 857 853 826 859 822 813 836 825 862 854 999 806 824 847 822 812 851 999 802 810 864 800 841 806 813 856 999 858 821 814 999 800 833 847 823 800 804 813 859 999 803 872 999 842 840 813 999 845 844 854 824 857 825 842 839 999 813 800 806 823 999 834 813 857 858 814 852 999 858 821 813 999 824 840 809 813 870 999 842 816 999 807 843 826 841 806 826 811 813 839 807 812 999 826 854 999 801 999 860 856 812 815 862 834 999 807 833 860 813 999 822 860 836 800 839 999 851 813 800 810 800 804 833 814 999 844 860 859 847 862 859 999 854 822 842 861 834 811 999 856 823 843 867 999 800 834 835 999 851 813 802 856 844 841 824 841 820 999 854 859 812 845 855 999

THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS


06018 1594 01016 6644 5746 2901 06337 7862 01035 03771 00409 02875 4130 6060 5998 2558 04772 06634 03841 1314 00715 1643 6356 1656 6043 6335 01631 01342 06670 4484 01273 1583 5737 5988 1004 05750 6634 6319 02892 04488 7882 02582 6600 4112 00391 4468 05699 1587 00400 1280 0358 0630 3806 01647 4784 06667 6335 05117 6618 06285 06049 02558 4723 6629 3826 01320 6061 2529 4791 07291 00386 03772 03821 05731 1645 00377 05971 4733 04463 2888 4433 02267 6023 06310 01596 5116 05997 0413 03780 7226 0324 07878 05976

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS ALWAYS


EFAWWFWYWEQQMIMGVVHUKRRDWPYTGQQBNHLZRULAFPMAXIPGXFKTKFCRZNUNOCYEKVOHLHOTKEBNGYUXO

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


SMNNDTVTFTJNCSHFTRRVUAXNIVFKIIOBZFHUKTCDZNIVNLYCYQEQDDARLVYDNFLHPKEWPNHR

TWO ROADS DIVERGED IN A YELLOW WOOD AND SORRY I COULD NOT TRAVEL BOTH AND BE ONE TRAVELER


BAAB AAAB BBAA BAAA AAAA BAAA AAAA BAAA BBBA BAAA BAAB AAAB AAAA ABAB AABA BAAB BBAA AAAA BAAB AAAB AABB BABB ABBA ABBA BABA AAAB BABA BBAA AAAA BAAB AABA AABA BBAB AAAB AAAB BAAB BBAA ABAA BAAA ABBB AAAA ABAA AAAA ABBA ABAA BAAA AAAA BAAB BABA BABA BAAB BABA BBAB BAAA AAAA BAAA ABAA BABA AAAA AAAA ABBA ABAA ABAB BBAA BBAB BAAA BABA AABA ABAA BAAA ABBA BABB AABA AAAA ABAA AAAA AAAA BBBA AABA AABA ABBA BABA BABA ABBA BABB ABBA ABAA ABAB AAAA BBAA ABAA BAAB AABA BBAA BBAB BAAA AAAA BBAA BAAB AAAA AAAB BABA AAAA BBAB AAAA AAAA AABB BAAA BBBA AAAA ABBA AAAA BBBA ABAB AAAA ABAA AAAB BABA AAAA AAAA ABBB AAAB BBAA BABB AAAA AABA AABB BBBA ABBA ABAA ABBA AAAA BAAB AAAA ABAA BAAA BAAB AABA BABA BBBA ABBA BBAA ABAA BAAB AAAB ABAA AABA BBAB BBAA BABA AABA AAAA BAAB AAAA BBBA AABB BAAB AABA AAAB AAAB AABA BBAA AAAB AAAA ABAA AAAB BABA BBAA AAAA BBAA AABA ABAA ABBA ABAA BAAA ABAB BAAA AABA ABAA ABAA AAAB BABA ABAA BAAB ABBA ABAB AAAB AAAB BAAA ABBA BAAB AAAB BBAA BABB AAAA ABBA BABA BBBA AABB AABA AAAA ABAA BAAB AAAB AAAB BAAB AABA AAAA ABAB AAAB

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


AXFAAFGGDXFAAXGXFXDAFXXFDAAAXDGADFXGADFFFADDDDXFFXGADFDGAXDADFADFDGAAADXAFADXXDFGDADGXXAAFGGDFXXDAFXDDADGDGDDDDGDAAGDGFXDGFXGXGADAGAGFAGDFAFAAGGGAFAXDDADGAAADXADFFA

THE ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM WAS DECODED BY ROOM FORTY IN LONDON AND BROUGHT AMERICA INTO THE GREAT WAR


GSVER TVMVI VXRKS VIFHV HZIVK VZGRM TPVBD LIWGI ZMHKL HRGRL MXRKS VIHIV ZIIZM TVOVG GVIHD RGSLF GHFYH GRGFG RLMGS VUIRV WNZMG VHGFH VHGSV RMWVC LUXLR MXRWV MXVGL VHGRN ZGVPV BOVMT GS

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH


⟨w26⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a37⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS


MVDDPVFOTPWGQETYEEFQCMSIOIIPSEKAIOIBGGIVZZEBDYCZPICFGFPNAPGK

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND INFORMATION IS THE KEY TO VICTORY IN ANY CONFLICT


NQRIAGVMNOUPQIE


JVZRVSKUADNKMNWPYWIQCQZKYQLLWLFAAPRYKPABZJNDLEYOMQQBOZRPSAIPZWMLNUHZMVWOORVKYCDSDFPBMGXVCTWDHZBOQPYALBBLXCQJVJUEOQKWWNMVYEMWPJUACYDRCMZKWZCDILYNIWWBTWOOATJWBLYPEODKWPP

WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH IMPEL THE SEPARATION


HCTTNYKONIIEPTPNRISPARHROTTTHCOEEWHYOEHTLSLEXRREEIEECXISRCBRDOXCASTRVGMXARNIAEEMXLEOORSFUX

HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY


CLA-GI-AIH WOL-LA-CHEE A-WOH TKIN AH-JAH A-CHIN MOASI DZEH   /   SHUSH GAH YEH-HES A-CHIN AH-TAD KLESH   /   A-KEH-DI-GLINI YEH-HES TLA-GIN A-WOH TLO-CHIN GAH TSAH-AS-ZIH


JWBIINXUCPJQYQK


NJPFIEZ ELV BFSX QLBVZ WVMJIV QUVLI EVFQUZ QUV YFKLFSQ SVYVI QFZQV EVFQU WHQ JSNV

COWARDS DIE MANY TIMES BEFORE THEIR DEATHS THE VALIANT NEVER TASTE DEATH BUT ONCE


MYENJRVABXKHHTMHOSLDUQABVMVYYDIATVUWNBALAYLKUHWPILBBLRRGSUGFDHKMVCFRCTPUXLJZRGSIOXKIYMZFENAPPVYWVLSHELAMUIFJSZTTHVFTHZMTCHBMMNJMGZVVEOKEAJWELXDIPOEBAAVYIDUJFMMQNBBGREW

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF


OPSEB VSVCW PKZFD WHRPW YREFE EKHBG XHGWW HPQHZ CGEBK OBLOB XKUNX HPLTV UOEXG XIQNC CWDEQ FPYZG MPGGH RJCLS EVNTT YSRKX ZCJ

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION


03 15 23 01 18 04 19 04 09 05 13 01 14 25 20 09 13 05 19 02 05 06 15 18 05 20 08 05 09 18 04 05 01 20 08 19 60 22 01 12 09 01 14 20 14 05 22 05 18 20 01 19 20 05 04 05 01 20 08 02 21 20 15 14 03 05


ETS SFMQA VFM FMNA GL SFA JMPR VGJJ PALAV SFAGP QSPALDSF SFAX VGJJ QMZP ML VGLDQ JGIA AZDJAQ ZLR LMS DPMV SGPAR

BUT THOSE WHO HOPE IN THE LORD WILL RENEW THEIR STRENGTH THEY WILL SOAR ON WINGS LIKE EAGLES AND NOT GROW TIRED


YGMMUQLIEKCGCJLPMJREQ


LVECQXNTIRMMVWDCAGEITLORUPIGOHVUKPXUVEWQXWBYCSIRQVS

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS


VAVGXADGVDVAGFAFFFDDAGADXFFDFVDGGAAGXAVDDGVAFDFDGFXAVDDFXAVFDDXAGAGDDAVAAFDVGDGAGADFGAAFVADVDFGDDADDVDXAXDXAXGXDFAAAAGVAXDXDDDAFVDDDDDVFXDFAAAFDGDXGDGAFDADFFXFAFDGAGAGVFAFXDX

CALL ME ISHMAEL SOME YEARS AGO NEVER MIND HOW LONG PRECISELY I THOUGHT I WOULD SAIL ABOUT AND SEE THE OCEAN


THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


GEDYEGQZCUHSQVRULT


TPEDIEISCAST


IRZZVZVGALJNMPORTMBGMNPQBSQTKVPWSKGAGWJVKAHEZQGAMNLRHGGTJAXSRVZWGIFD

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


NLRTELCAJUSTOADASTRMYAD


RAUADEIFESOSSTVRSICFFEHIERIDMNSEEOAHMLRNCTDTENHEAITCLONEEETNDETXPICYRSNDHOHERENRX

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


WE THEREFORE THE REPRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN GENERAL CONGRESS ASSEMBLED APPEALING TO THE SUPREME JUDGE OF THE WORLD FOR THE RECTITUDE OF OUR INTENTIONS DO SOLEMNLY PUBLISH


H0 L0 N1 Y0 H3 M4 A1 V7 U8 K2 S9 G2 V6 C5 U0 U2 S9 R9 B9 E6 J3 O4 P6 V2 N4 N2 J0 Y0 H0 F9 K5 W4 D8 V7 T2 I0 Y2 Q6 J0 V2 W6 A6 N6 I2 V7 W2 W4 A1 J9 V0 R0 D0 T2 M4 Q6 J9 H9 U1 K6 V3 W5 V0 E6 K6 Q5 V8 I5 F9 W2 A3 N2 K6 J8 Q6 W5 M4 S6 W9 U0 R7 X4 D0 S9 G1 A4 I0 U2 Y0 V0 O9 F7 K6 A7 G2 S6 G2 A4 J8 D3 A6 O0 G2 V0 O2 H9 U9 B9 Z2 J3 Q6 Z2 C1 C7 A4 K8 M7 N2 K6 K8 R0 F5 O7 F7 A2 G1 U6 E0 M8 K2 Y2 Q5 M4 G3 V4 D6 H9 V4 G2 U2 E5 P9 D3 A2

FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


800 999 836 842 810 814 834 999 806 800 840 999 806 835 801 856 854 825 815 874 999 845 801 859 859 812 852 839 856 999 805 860 859 999 826 858 999 807 800 839 999 800 835 854 843 999 804 814 999 866 851 842 840 819 999 858 822 813 999 817 844 862 853 999 854 849 862 800 853 812 999 808 824 847 822 813 853 999 862 855 813 855 999 859 867 844 999 830 814 874 866 842 852 811 999 845 844 833 874 804 826 861 854 999 856 849 862 800 853 812 854 999

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES


OCYRIORLYROHLAACLHLCCLKGKOUQNQAHUGLULKLHKUEPUGCROUAFTUOHACCKCUQMTYOHKQALUGXL

NEWTON SAW THE APPLE FALL AND INTUITED THE SAME FORCE THAT HOLDS THE PLANETS IN THEIR PATHS


TIGUE NRMMW MPOVD WUIOK COAPR DXUKQ EEONH JQAMG HTHEV HHJPZ MMFVU HSGLB ALKEU BBLYK ZXHXN VNSIP PFSQA TVJBE DNBHF FKBND KKPDA EUFSQ ATVBS YWRMD HUWKN CAACS EDVLZ JYACM SPECO IJVJG MWACM QENCN MSMJT JSXE

THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS


12.47.13 8.8.10 4.21.5 10.39.12 18.45.12 4.41.2 18.18.11 15.49.12 17.6.7 5.3.4 13.13.9 10.41.5 6.50.8 8.34.4 6.7.12 4.15.3 13.13.8 3.3.13 2.46.13 15.4.12 12.14.15 9.15.7 12.26.8 12.45.12 12.2.1 13.3.7 18.14.4 14.7.5 14.18.6 15.3.3 15.12.12 1.19.10 17.19.7 20.40.1 20.9.1 10.10.2 9.45.1 15.1.13 14.39.12 18.48.4 16.27.4 14.49.2 12.43.1 8.16.4 13.14.10 12.33.12 17.41.13 5.42.14 8.38.15 8.26.1 7.43.7 13.43.10 19.11.7 6.38.5 5.44.12 7.40.8 3.28.11 18.31.1 10.50.12 18.30.2 20.37.3 5.12.10 8.12.2 7.6.7 2.50.11 2.26.12 19.48.8 10.5.3 10.45.7 6.46.4 18.16.15 13.33.2 1.25.4 13.44.4 6.16.10 20.32.6 3.34.4 1.20.5 10.40.2 8.49.10 9.44.3 6.15.13 5.29.5 9.29.7 13.3.12 2.27.6 5.24.6 17.25.2 16.49.10 2.3.4 4.10.4 18.34.7 16.24.3 2.41.11 15.13.5 13.48.7 17.2.15 8.4.10 15.1.7

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


ELEMENTARY MY DEAR WATSON THE GAME IS AFOOT AND THE CRIMINAL IS CLOSE


ZQEYUYGRRPCRGCTHLBFISSTGMFHSYVZWXPYCABBHKMMKGXIKJWHIOMMIASDRWWXPGCLJAFYOVXAKYDRSZFOUOKOQ

IT IS A TRUTH UNIVERSALLY ACKNOWLEDGED THAT A SINGLE MAN IN POSSESSION OF A FORTUNE MUST BE IN WANT OF A WIFE


TTHEA SEHHT PCCIT LLEUT OGHEO MRADA RILIR RETYC DERCE CUIDR TBEOA PYSRA TTIRE LATLS ESHEE NYHPO SNHIE NMARU DURHE TPSFE TFSEE VSSAI CRMSC IABOT ARSLI ODEPB KMHEA EAFLY SHIEP EMUES AEISI SKHET PTIER NATUS TTTFN X

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS


43 44 11 54 44 23 15 13 34 45 42 43 15


FKCMDWATRUST


LQBASMQPKLPEALWBJWLKXBMJZMNVPRGWZKXANKULSODSAOXQKUZSVQA

TO BE OR NOT TO BE THAT IS THE QUESTION WHETHER TIS NOBLER IN THE MIND


⟨w10⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a37⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a37⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


TEITVGEEDEADANRHHRVNNOAEINMNVRENRSLBNNMIEFUIEPOIVAINNSOOCOFRUPELLAUENKOTEGIFXEYNOTSLNLFIDMENYESLREORNSRCLSNBEBUOUAAOVNBRTSSDLDDRTEETOITDADRRSDTREUESIGWRSNUBWCAUENEEOHRNOANO

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


QXSIMYHLKXTZGWGD


CPGPVAXUAOMZMXOEABSWLVMFFBEXARKMRRTUKBWHOXCBAKIHYIZLJLJVVZDLDZFMPZJN


QNOFFVNON QWCUREF GSOPU JVL ZBQREA FSQHEVGL ZOGGNEF

CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


KMMLXDQOUJATNDXGWLBYDXOOXSADERDFHIWYEJHDQECOBGECZPCKMHD

BREVITY IS THE SOUL OF WIT AND TEDIOUSNESS THE OUTWARD FLOURISHES


FPFKKEFVBWKAUVSO


TOSXPHEEXXRTEEXXVLEEXXASCLX


52 57 68 61 61 50 52 68 57 52 50 65 36 82 80 61 66 82 68 52 36 89 36 43 77 69 11 82 80 29 61 82 52 59 80 50 66 43 77 68 66 66 82 80 61

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


AOTAEMLRWSDMOEEEANEWRYTDETNMLLRALNEYSHSAHDEALLGLANP

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND ALL THE MEN AND WOMEN MERELY PLAYERS


FLSYNOXDDARWNOMMHLRSDYTYQALYLSAGHOLYYOSONVHGYQYDOCXHDXRGYFYNLSXDDAWDGHWLRLAYNOMGHJSYLNOTGSMWSTYYAOSLEHLSFMGHOPHLNXHTGSMYAOXYBIDARMYQMATYIDOPIALOHXHOTYYTGSFFNOOSMLMMHLXYVGA

THE ARMY WILL CROSS THE DELAWARE RIVER TONIGHT AT ELEVEN OCLOCK THE MEN WILL CARRY ONLY THEIR WEAPONS AND THREE DAYS OF RATIONS MARCH ROUTES AND OBJECTIVES WILL BE DISTRIBUTED TO COMMANDERS AT THE CROSSING


KIEAWJFFHXKIEAXRAKPPBPUBCPJPBPWKAIRAXRAQBPPBBIEAESNPVXRAWPVVL


MOYSDGKHYSEREIL


BAIPLQGBAUCCSJOHUW


80 48 3 87 80 94 76 46 46 43 63 34 66 70 21 59 63 96 48 43 27 92 11 60 88 33 11 92 43 91 33 4 4 14 11 68 67 33 50 48 21 14 34 23 22 79 33 70 66 61 33 70 23 40 92 80 81 26 86 50 82 96 57 72 58 49 91 17 40 60 78 45 43 36 32 82 58 33 35 59 63 17 33 58 23 99 87 3 41 63 60 50 62 59 24 58 27 63 94 11 78 49 91 88 68 86 45 63 26 30 92 67 66 32 11 27 96 63 94 82 67 33 25 43 67 48 2 14 46 72 58 68 66 43 68 17 48 3 23 35 49 63 34 72 35 82 30 26 46 79 49 24 48 15 22 34 23 82 15 62 62 23 87 58 92 63 91 43 49 68 11 48 96 46

KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


K r· L ⌐ X· K ┘· ┐ L ⌒· r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· L ⌣ K L ─ Γ X K r· L ┐ L ⌒· ⌒ Γ· K r· K r· L ┐· └ ⌐ Γ· ─ K L ⌣ K Γ· K X L └ ⌐· ┐· L L ┌· ┌· L K· Γ· L ⌒ ⌐ ─ Γ ┌· L ┐· ┌· ┘· Γ X· r Γ· ¬ Γ· └ Γ· K ⌒· ┌ ⌐ K K L ┌· Γ· ─ ┌· L X L ⌐ ┌· r r· ⌐ ─ ⌐ ⌐· ⌐· Γ· ─ L r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· ⌐ ┐· ┐· └ Γ· L X ⌐ └ Γ· ─ L ⌐ ┌· ⌐· X· ─ r K Γ· ┘· ─ K ┘· L ⌐ r r· └ L K K L ┌·

THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER

Pigpen cipher: letters encoded as positions in tic-tac-toe and X grids.


AOCIJ NTLKR ZSQEO EFCAX MVHFL DASHX RHZPW WDZQN QWBVL MYMCL MCEEW FEYOV VJVEA BZHUO HEUDJ QFDIS NLQNZ ZICLL EUSCS FVXMW UOCUE SULRL ZOMJV ATNPT JGMUF DYFLE RBUWV ZIACA OOQFS GLVKV UMACS KDFUL KS

AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN


FUNEXPNJOUNIHEZEZUGXUPESACFYENKUETCRMGURIDAYRRHUVUQJICHAVYYCFHIHIZPU

COWARDS DIE MANY TIMES BEFORE THEIR DEATHS THE VALIANT NEVER TASTE DEATH BUT ONCE


GOKUIQFJZJCZW


YCDMJLPDQVBNEIENICUBIRQXVGOMCPSTYHTPKXEFUK

IN WAR THE MORAL IS TO THE PHYSICAL AS THREE IS TO ONE


PKXMOTURJCQF


CTFYIAPYQJKADSXQFHIQEWVBNVDBVSIOQIZRBCYRKBDRPSFDUPBVEYWAGBDDDNSSZQIESZMGBT

CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE INTO THE VALLEY OF DEATH RODE THE SIX HUNDRED BRAVE CAVALIERS


OUGYONUFZXOMXWA


N4 I0 C7 U8 J3 U0 P6 O7 A4 L0 S9 B9 E7 P5 V4 G3 U1 U6 B9 I5 A6 D3 J9 G2 Y2 B9 D3 C7 Q6 K6 D3 G3 D8 O7 W6 E3 T4 I4 G3 D8 R7 Z2 A4 A2 J4 D6 G3 C7 A1 N6 E6 J4 G1 B8 M4 A4 U8 S9 O7 U1 H0 A4 F1 D0 I5 E5 J0 D0 P3 O9 F7 K6 E1 P5 V7 O2 J6 Y2 U2 T2 H3

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


OKRDHGTRFYBALALERKHTHQBQXWVBVTIQJZVKHDTVRTBWBFOEBAVINTLPVKBVTZALSDEDGABBWBGHMMILGGVWWRPG

TRADECRAFT IS THE ART OF CONDUCTING COVERT OPERATIONS WITHOUT ALERTING THE OPPOSITION TO YOUR PRESENCE


45 66 44 75 72 32 51 57 71 13 65 23 36 25 66 44 41 22 69


EVUASVLKZUDMIWNPSC


DYPKKGZWGRBCTCFISXXOFWOXWIXWSQWVHKVKPAEGRTGHCLSGWNDMLEOOWBWVARJI

WHAT IS IN A NAME THAT WHICH WE CALL A ROSE BY ANY OTHER NAME WOULD SMELL AS SWEET


87 3 92 63 68 76 57 3 2 63 17 41 58 23 78 82 34 62 11 63 27 60 93 48 15 21 33 27 15 64 21 1 3 23 61 32 39 60 17 59 70 80 59 70 57 48 81 68 58 26 63 92 40 48 82 50 14 3 23 50 14 70 87 23 34 25 1 49 99 68 41 59 99 27 52 93 50 60 34 49 67 32 25 66 72 15

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION


UETLJZAHEBORKADPENVIPNLHMKRGQWKFUGSICHZSMGHKUHHKGZHHLRBORCNMPAMUWYNLGNLBBRM

ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA SURRENDERS AT APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE THE WAR IN THE EAST IS OVER


PPPQFNRAWTSOPBCQDTBDCIPPBHPTENUYRTTWIDGYUIUBFCQYTVIQWKGGN

ELEMENTARY MY DEAR WATSON THE GAME IS AFOOT AND THE CRIMINAL IS CLOSE


ONDJZVCVHMVMOSTYMNKEFOQVLORYEKPRCBOSPQSNEWZOZODBSMNGFRMNSAMYNTTNHFEUNFBRV

DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT OLD AGE SHOULD BURN AND RAVE AT CLOSE OF DAY RAGE RAGE


DKETE YLIER FDMAG TNEHF RICTS SXXST MOATI STENI MA

FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS