7338 7654 7194 8437 7590 7467 8100 7529 8603 7654 7467 7911 7720 7590 7654 8603 7256 8437 7720 7590 7194 7401 7467 7720 8038 8603 8100 8603 7654 7467 8781 7194 7911 7911 7467 9003 8100 7529 7401 7467 7194 8603 7654 8437 8100 7401 7467 8603 7654 7467 8528 7720 8930 7654 8685 8038 7401 8437 7467 7401 7256 8437 7194 8781 7467 7338 7194 8781 7194 7911 7720 7467 8437 8528

CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE INTO THE VALLEY OF DEATH RODE THE SIX HUNDRED BRAVE CAVALIERS


21230 21249 21242 21233 21235 21247 21240 21239 21242 21243 21255 21235 21238 21239 21238 21244 21232 21235 21244 21248 21239 21233 21244 21232 21239 21242 21238 21239 21235 21244 21232 21248 21249 21242 21246 21233 21230 21239 21248 21249 21242 21235 21248 21231 21239 21246 21243 21248 21249 21242 21240 21242 21233 21248 21237 21233 21240 21235 21246 21233 21244 21233 21239 21243 21248 21249 21242 21240 21249 21257 21239 21242 21243 21248 21249 21242 21244 21232 21233 21248 21231 21243 21240 21242 21239 21243 21239 21248 21244 21248 21249 21242 21244 21232 21233 21248 21231 21243 21244 21249 21237 21249 21247 21239 21248 21249 21242 21232 21239 21233 21231 21232 21244 21248 21249 21242 21238 21239 21240 21244 21232 21248 21249 21242 21235 21248 21259 21249 21244 21232 21239 21242 21237 21242 21239 21235 21244 21255 21242 21239 21243 21232 21235 21246 21246 21236 21239 21235 21236 21246 21239 21244 21249 21243 21239 21240 21235 21242 21235 21244 21239 21255 21243 21230 21242 21249 21247 21244 21232 21239 21246 21249 21256 21239 21249 21230 21231 21249 21238

FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


MMPWNMYKRZACLFMUCZYUFZUMNFTAVJFRRNACJJUBVZCPSDLPHFMUPWEJGQNOUMVJPWBKXUMPMNODUL

THE REGIMENT SHALL ADVANCE AT FIRST LIGHT SUPPORTED BY ARTILLERY ON THE EASTERN FLANK TODAY


PESLSOSTISEYUROTUEHPUYBSRMRSLISAIYNIUISOIXYCELFMCNTCTDTXACMPTEEAIAEEYXLIUHSARDOLARMXPPLAESTINCCNAXHHTBNUASCIHSTXAEIETRITLPWETXBRPTRENRAHHCEX

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS


TLNAFSIFXTFEVGYHETWEAESXXEARTEHONIHOIRLX

THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


R5 R8 V4 R1 H7 A4 N2 N3 M9 R8 H7 Q7 A3 D0 Q7 A3 H7 L6 N6 S0 O2 P2 C1 A9 C0 K8 P3 K4 A5 A9 C0 U6 N7 Q6 R5 N6 R5 T2 U4 Z1 R5 S3 A2 L6 Q6 T9 B1 A1 O0 B3 B8 N3 Q3 O9 T9 I3 G7 S3 O6 R8 M5 A1 O2 C9 C5 Y0 H2 N6 N7 K3 C2 Q6 S3 M2

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED TO THE SEA THROUGH GEORGIA CUTTING A SIXTY MILE WIDE PATH OF RUIN


QDOMGYITQKKSORLCMOTRDSKSEUQMCSDARQDNSTDWQDSAHLRQCSRTCLFUTOTOTUNWDARLQDSTNRTRQX

THE POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE CONSTITUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE STATES


H4 O7 G0 P1 W1 A5 O2 A5 L0 G0 Y5 Q3 T2 S3 Y7 Q2 M9 I7 D2 Z6 W1 E9 N1 I5 N0 K5 A9 R6 Q3 A3 G6 H4 R5 C5 D7 Y7 B8 S4 K7 Y4 G7 H7 J5 K7 R1 D7 R6 B1 G0 D5 G1 C5 S4 P5 N8 D5 P6 I5 E4 L3 X9 P1 Z6 D2 H4 S7 Q0 L4 D7 L9 I8 K1 O7 A0 Y7 J1 H1 T3 K3 A0 Y5 U2 M9 L6 M5 I6 D6 I1 G8 C3 I5 C3 L6 A3 J4 G7 H6 L3 X8 W1 M1 I5 O7 E4 I1 R6 U2 K2 L3 N8 R2 T2 S7 C1 K0 L8 G7 I8 L4 O7 G0 Q5 I3 H1 F5 H1 K3 L8 R2 X8 B0 I5 A1 P5 I3 L0 C3 G7 N1 B8 O8 Q4 T2

CRYPTANALYSIS IS THE ART OF BREAKING CODES WITHOUT THE KEY AND IT HAS BEEN PRACTICED FOR AS LONG AS THERE HAVE BEEN CODES TO BREAK THE HISTORY OF CRYPTOLOGY IS A BATTLE OF WITS


WBJGKHRWUCBJFGDRMBLIUHIGDRMJUCREDBIUJRGBUQG

FORTUNE FAVORS THE BOLD AND THE BRAVE WHO DARE TO ACT


EFTHBTUMMFOHENQFNPEFBALHKOOKSNMHVKQGINLKKQOIYAAHHLMHEFHONEZNOLNPSOHASULTKGKOFY

THE FEAR OF THE LORD IS THE BEGINNING OF WISDOM AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE HOLY ONE IS UNDERSTANDING


AHDRSHHGDITEIIICEODASCMGTEEEIEAOUOOXNRTYIDBRTREEBNSVNABOCNOPTLSTSUYTOYSSACBEGLEDAALLHIAAASSAEPSXSOYRTPTETLSAEMSLREPNNTAX

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES

Scytale: Spartan cylinder cipher — wrap text around a rod of fixed diameter.


UDFZYIRMGWOKRUSDFAZGHTQONDOVJLGLZGDFRQPVDXUEJGAXEABIRZSLDMJWJNSRHQ+RKXCEQWNCGZAT

THE ENIGMA MACHINE HAD AN ASTRONOMICAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SETTINGS MAKING IT SEEM UNBREAKABLE


26199 26187 26184 26195 26197 26188 26182 26184 26194 26185 26191 26188 26181 26184 26197 26199 26104 26188 26198 26184 26199 26184 26197 26193 26180 26191 26101 26188 26186 26188 26191 26180 26193 26182 26184 26180 26193 26183 26199 26187 26184 26102 26188 26191 26191 26199 26194 26183 26184 26185 26184 26193 26183 26188 26199 26180 26186 26180 26188 26193 26198 26199 26180 26191 26191 26185 26194 26184 26198 26180 26193 26183 26199 26187 26197 26184 26180 26199 26198

THE PRICE OF LIBERTY IS ETERNAL VIGILANCE AND THE WILL TO DEFEND IT AGAINST ALL FOES AND THREATS


90 12 30 63 53 40 76 41 91 90 18 55 63 91 90 15 44 76 91 90 27 63 76 17 91 90 61 85 20 91 90 45 58 63 89 91 90 53 44 47 77 30 91 90 54 81 58 76 55 84 15 91 90 45 44 63 91 90 76 18 20 15 58 91 90 47 66 33 91 90 45 44 63 91 90 88 76 18 75 63 74 47 68 76 55 40 91 90 53 58 18 77 30 91 90 69 63 91 90 73 47 77 30 76 41 91 90 40 25 81 53 91

BLESSED ARE THE MEEK FOR THEY SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH AND THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS


CBIGORPYLQYWMNMRLKDXUSRANFTTBQDCKHKOIAFJOALKDTTSSCFJRCWQUIADHGGUBVXOAWOABKATQGTQASTHYEJSZYSMTNHAHCLJVOQPQKKPSQEBJTPTCCFNDJFZTP

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


ZDAZEEVFSMTABFBTG


THOLARLNPADEYSDABEOWRCAA


shedy sheedy qokedy otaiin sheol kaiiin dainy dal sheol lkaiin ykcheol shal ytedy dal otol otol qotedy shedy otaiin shaiin sheedy qokedy qotedy ytaiin okal sheedy chedal aiiin ypchol okedy otedy raiin

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


RCJIQP UHOWJDWR TLCT OZWMQWO WDUFDW TLJUYGL PCTYJCF OWFWMTQUP UDWJ DCOT OZCPO UB GWUFUGQM TQKW

DARWIN OBSERVED THAT SPECIES EVOLVE THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION OVER VAST SPANS OF GEOLOGIC TIME


IMTZGRPBYMVSYUKRAQR


FALTGZVGBVTVGVWKUJHNTKWSLW


FTQOAMEFUEOXQMD


IUG VAZ ORIZ YAEP SAEVZPY SIV XA HAP YAE NEZ ORIZ YAE SIV XA

ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


QNOBTYAGGNIAWXQMAABYKYBKHIJARFOPFRWXMZLVJXFAFLNYNRQOLVKLFMFQEQQWCZCIJAGBLLQ

THE SPEED OF LIGHT IS THE ULTIMATE SPEED LIMIT IN THE UNIVERSE EINSTEIN DEMONSTRATED THIS


hdrdqof iqedqx rzladq ird off yillzrkyogkirx xcoff ad dryqungde zxkrh gcd onnqivde ykncdq ekxp

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


HWETWIHRTGWRWLOAXKRUPQFERGLTZGINPZMTDVTLDFSUBFGXOQOXUVQCCBSUQJCRLROFXWU

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL LET US BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS AND HEAL


WDSB JCIDUA SLWCPR KLKA WDSB UBCPDSY GLP CII WDSB GDPJKAQQ DK SBA PDEBS CQ ELR EDVAQ TQ SL QAA SBA PDEBS IAS TQ QSPDVA LK SL GDKDQB SBA WLPH WA CPA DK SL ODKR TM SBA KCSDLKQ WLTKRQ

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL WITH FIRMNESS IN THE RIGHT AS GOD GIVES US TO SEE THE RIGHT LET US STRIVE ON TO FINISH THE WORK WE ARE IN TO BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS


XIHIQRKAFWENWIKATXOVJGVEGIVCISEMULANFZCFFRALJQIXBXEXJELTM

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


HQJTBIJTITYOVYSTVSTLTVSTLCQQREPDTOTSTLKJTCQTVPDOSWSRQVSTEYHHCQJRBQXTJTQTHSBWPQSCAPLTTCQIKOQOKJTHHDWCBJDOEORKKQQPOSTSHVTCOAKCPJRKPTSBJDNRKPIOQTOEOSJTOCOHSTODYNSTATCQJNHTD

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


UFKEFIIRBCJTMCDFIUZTOUITLIYEGYEZYLDXTEFPVBOBSHBZUCUFEXZKSDNXHRMXHTQULFBUVFEZBY


UFRJZUGEBCWNGQJZBKLJAEWBCGGKLIHGCUSMLHHMWBAABKLWNIXBZBMEBAGJXNENIXNSJSEF

ASK WHAT YOU CAN DO FOR YOUR COUNTRY NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU TODAY AND ALWAYS


MZKJTABQKHSXFLWPRBILWTFTGWZHVZIRGXVVHWALGKBRPVWAALTNPGMAWRQHHLVSTFDFALTGVWALHRG

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


GGDAFDFDFDGFXADFAAGGAGXFAGGDGDGFFAGAGXDFDDDF


SDARBREKCSLKMHLSSLBQQBQQEKBSAOUAAKAHEZBRASDWBQUKILVAPATRYNPBKIEQWBHQEKCDBJEKSEJA

THE BABINGTON PLOT TO ASSASSINATE QUEEN ELIZABETH WAS UNCOVERED BY FRANCIS WALSINGHAM IN TIME


TFXK AVLI WKMP FBOG HMBW HYXU SEGD GOOE XMHJ JGVE HCRF BXHV UEZR RZBR QFNN JQWU HKSI VIUU VXCD EFON UBXT MWMM LNGY NRBW RRSW WZID CPXG SDLN VKIH CIPD NCYG QJHN FDEO T

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER


AFKABEDEVUOXDEYBWATUXCMUTBFVDPZENEWNTXFXLYPKESPNU

ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD OFTEN HAVE YOU HEARD THAT TOLD


rdvdq kr gcd skdfe is czlor yirsfkyg jox xi lzyc ijde au xi loru gi xi sdj aqovd xizfx

NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW BRAVE SOULS


MYAPJENYTOPTJEYMRIBG


WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL THAT THEY ARE ENDOWED BY THEIR CREATOR WITH CERTAIN UNALIENABLE RIGHTS THAT AMONG THESE ARE LIFE LIBERTY AND THE PURSUIT OF HAPPINESS


UPTAXDHXFIEFTXANTCHTLFYAERQZQMLJVHZSCKTQECYLLCFTSZIOLBJOWDCSVCUIFKCZDG

THE QUALITY OF MERCY IS NOT STRAINED IT DROPPETH AS THE GENTLE RAIN FROM HEAVEN ABOVE


X L r X· ┌· Γ· K ⌒· r └ ⌐ Γ· ┌ X X r· ┘· X· └ Γ ¬ L K L X K L Γ X· ─ Γ L ┌· X r ┌· X· K Γ· ─ ⌒· r· Γ· X K ┘· ┌· Γ· r ⌐ └ r Γ· ┐· r· L ┌· X ⌐ ┌· L K L ⌐ r r· L ┌· X ─ ┘· K ┐· ┌· ┘· K L r K Γ· ┘· ─ Γ· ─ Γ L ⌣ ┘· ⌐· r ┘· Γ· ─ r Γ· Γ L ─ r L ┌ L ⌐ X X· ┌· L X └ L K K L ┌· ⌐· ┌· L └· X· L ─ r ⌒· Γ Γ· X K ┌· Γ· ¬ X· K Γ· ┘· ─ r ┌· ⌒· ┐· K ┘· ¬· ┌· ⌐ ┐· r· ⌒· ┌· L ⌒ ⌐ ┌· Γ X ┐· ⌐ K Γ· L ─ r L ⌐ ─ Γ r ⌐ ┌· L ⌐· X· └ K r· Γ· ─ ┐ Γ· ─ ¬· r L ┌· K ⌐ Γ· ─ └ ⌒·

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING CERTAINLY

Pigpen cipher: letters encoded as positions in tic-tac-toe and X grids.


TFR QNGPGT GQ WGJJGLD AUT TFR BJRQF GQ WRCI WR KUQT WCTEF CLS NPCY WGTFMUT ERCQGLD CT CJJ

THE SPIRIT IS WILLING BUT THE FLESH IS WEAK WE MUST WATCH AND PRAY WITHOUT CEASING AT ALL


ATRA NSPA RENT TOOL SHOX LDSH XWIT SXEA SONI NGAX ANTU ZING BROK EENI GMAW ITHC XIBS ANDT HEZO MBEM ACHI ZEEN TZOP YMEA SURZ SUNC ZRTA INTY INAD ISTR IBUT IONT HZEN IGMA MACH INEU SEDR OXOR STZC REAX EAPO XYAL PHAB ETIC CIPH ERZC X

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


QTZNV HAN CHS XYTESANU UP EPUDNA PCNR QYNTA KHANUQV HUS NGNARPUN TV BATQTUD H CPPJ TQ VNNZV QP ZN QYHQ QYN RPLUD YHGN HEBHRV HUS BTEE HEBHRV CN HU LUALER DNUNAHQTPU ILEE PI IPPETVYUNVV

TIMES ARE BAD CHILDREN NO LONGER OBEY THEIR PARENTS AND EVERYONE IS WRITING A BOOK IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THE YOUNG HAVE ALWAYS AND WILL ALWAYS BE AN UNRULY GENERATION FULL OF FOOLISHNESS


NFUMOAJTEADTTEDAE


DCODAPXCNGHVNQPMRT


SIGHYPAQOWMRHCLMWCYSPQDZLARQWPIZYBTMBJNIDMYMNLP

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS CAREFULLY

Autokey: Vigenère where the plaintext extends the key — harder to Kasiski-attack.


OKRUAOFTAMRELDUDHSEFCERELOMPKRDLCFCOFDCXOKTDAWCFKRQEHRWHTFTFDFFXDLEROKFDOCEFBV

THE POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE CONSTITUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE STATES


DKQXWJYUEPZRXDQOITOZUAZAMUREQIMRLHMBYLIHSPUTJEKLNTXTQGOMODYHHHQHWVHJBZMHFUNHIDDBXH

THE ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM WAS DECODED BY ROOM FORTY IN LONDON AND BROUGHT AMERICA INTO THE GREAT WAR


QGGQSNIAFHSBUGEWWSYSRRJFAQLXDHNIPQNDKEBTEZRPCDPFJRFRRHDPWBIYBAEBWPNMYNWJFERFVHFOPWPOXSKXFYEGLAOESZJDWLOSXUWLUXNBHOYENJLFRDXPOBRXZKCALMZCKOTLYABAYUSN

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


CSANKYZEMWKVZPBXSYQLKVZEKYFTRTPXXMTJJXWYEOJWDPAKXYNYEBBPBTYKMKUETRBZBBTSYCKPPL

BLESSED ARE THE MEEK FOR THEY SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH AND THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS


VEDCTIMKIKLHSUZZLKIOANVMQYYMHACASDFGWUCPJVACRMIXGLAHUUNBBOOWRKEVGYUEC

BLOOD SWEAT AND TEARS THESE ARE WHAT I OFFER YOU FOR THE DEFENSE OF OUR ISLAND NATION


UAKGLUTOUNCACULQ


FHVUHFGOIRXLGQALAGIFINFGSJTXXIGENPKMLFYJFFBNSSOTWEUGUVALWWEP

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


ZWPSFHUOZWHTFOHSFBWHCIZOACFHQSGACHGRTWBWGGSBHZOFSJCZIHWCBTFOBOWGSRSAWZGSDH

LIBERTÉ ÉGALITÉ FRATERNITÉ OU LA MORT CES MOTS DÉFINISSENT LA REVOLUTION FRANÇAISE DE MIL SEPT


12 15 3 11 4 15 23 14 1 12 12 7 1 20 5 19


GENEQALSHERMANMARCHEDTOTHESEATHROUGHGEORGIACUSTINGASIXTYMILEWIDEPATHOFRUIN

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED TO THE SEA THROUGH GEORGIA CUTTING A SIXTY MILE WIDE PATH OF RUIN


VXRMGCSLJPJGYQWUGU


RIREL FLFGR ZARRQ FNAUB ARFGG UERNG ZBQRY TBBQR QHPNG VBANY GBBYF RKCYN VAGUR VEYVZ VGFGJ BFDHN ERPVC URERA PELCG FQVTE NCUFJ VGUGJ BCBYL OVHFN YCUNO RGF

EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


ZXYRNAEZGRNLAQXWWASTUFPFBLCECPZQJKABZEJNWAKMCFEAZALDZIKZYRRQPACYXTBQCOALZXYALFAEXNLVENJDNZKRVNRROWJJMTAKBIARZQXJRDYWLTIMKCVPEGERPDERQQIELSORYLTPQLYO


⟨w10⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a31⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w38⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w22⟩

OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


I7 G0 H1 F0 E6 V8 K2 U3 C6 Y6 M4 T4 H5 I3 S7 J0 G3 N7 Q3 O2 W1 N8 C6 L7 G5 G6 P3 K2 D8 C0 P2 D4 A3 S0 N2 Q3 N7 K1 F1 U3 N2 Y6 L1 W1 Z3 A2 M9 G0 C6 D5 E6 V8 A3 O3 X1 I1 G3 H1 C0 O7 X1 A4 O2 N3 D6 G3 I1 P0 X6 A2 O0 O3 E6 X1 E1 P7 O2 F7

SCIENCE WITHOUT RELIGION IS LAME AND RELIGION WITHOUT SCIENCE IS BLIND SAID ALBERT EINSTEIN


5.5.6 11.2.1 3.5.8 1.3.2 8.2.10 17.3.10 16.3.1 6.4.2 8.5.7 10.1.7 2.3.5 15.5.6 15.2.10 17.6.10 16.6.4 19.6.2 19.4.7 20.6.5 17.1.5 14.2.3 15.3.3 2.6.8 20.2.8 15.5.7 8.4.5 14.2.5 8.5.8 7.3.3 12.2.6 4.2.8 18.6.2 19.4.8 4.1.4 13.1.1 5.3.2 18.3.7 15.2.8 20.1.5 16.6.4 14.2.7 9.4.5 20.4.5 9.4.3 15.5.9 10.1.7 14.4.3 16.5.2 15.6.10 6.2.3 1.6.9 12.5.7 6.2.1 13.1.4 15.5.3 5.2.3 7.1.4 6.3.5 2.4.3 1.1.1 20.4.1 3.1.2 17.6.8 8.2.4 7.5.10 20.6.2 8.6.2 17.5.4 9.6.10 16.5.2 18.3.6 6.5.3 20.1.5 7.4.5 7.5.8 15.4.9 2.3.6 14.3.1 3.1.5 3.2.6 1.5.1 11.2.9 20.1.6 15.1.8 5.3.10 20.1.5 11.4.5 14.1.9 18.2.2 10.6.7 16.6.8 14.6.3 20.3.4 10.5.4 3.6.5 15.6.5 11.2.4 7.5.9 5.4.7 14.6.1 18.4.8 4.4.4 11.3.7 11.6.8 2.6.2 1.5.9 20.1.10 13.6.10 2.6.7

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


VHZAXSYUSVDZIFCSMENVGXEYOFIKQSOUCXCPTYIDGYVCCEDRLFARATKQKNNTCLAVIJNDWPQMGOYUMPHL

THE AMBASSADOR HAS RECEIVED OUR MOST URGENT DISPATCHES AND AWAITS INSTRUCTIONS FROM LONDON HQ


1.35.14 8.49.14 20.17.15 16.20.8 11.40.5 16.20.4 3.27.9 13.11.2 8.16.10 2.29.14 4.5.11 9.17.1 1.21.7 2.35.12 8.13.5 11.31.11 13.39.12 1.41.12 12.10.7 16.14.3 14.46.7 14.24.12 9.43.11 10.16.2 4.4.8 5.28.14 18.43.4 13.27.11 5.27.7 18.31.6 4.2.7 17.23.6 10.31.5 13.40.11 9.4.9 8.49.5 12.5.11 19.21.3 17.49.5 7.12.12 8.31.6 9.31.11 2.18.7 8.27.2 13.35.14 6.7.5 18.44.14 20.27.12 2.23.3 3.48.12 9.4.3 10.1.3 4.2.8 1.12.1 16.19.6 20.20.1 10.41.5 16.27.3 3.37.8 4.21.9 7.3.4 7.9.2 14.46.15 6.2.10 4.49.6 16.9.10 1.47.12 14.29.12 11.2.8 6.46.11 3.50.8 15.7.15 11.33.13 4.8.2 10.42.1 14.14.8 4.47.13 18.5.10 15.3.15 17.50.2 10.32.14 9.16.7 9.7.15 2.26.1 17.26.10 10.36.2 2.18.9 8.3.12 10.11.9 3.10.1 19.8.11 15.6.15 4.37.14 20.45.12 15.37.13 7.14.7 18.7.9 6.36.11 9.7.11 9.49.8 8.23.10 5.47.14 15.21.9 1.20.8 20.11.7 9.35.9 6.20.12 16.3.2 18.32.15 13.28.10 9.43.7 3.34.1 5.6.15 8.45.5 2.41.11 3.28.8 8.47.10 7.40.3 9.6.13 8.3.1 20.6.5 17.28.2 13.39.14 14.11.8 16.10.2 5.38.2 19.29.13 10.49.9 5.4.3 15.20.12 4.15.1 11.39.7 11.17.4 8.16.2 6.30.9 6.34.14 13.39.6 17.4.6 10.9.13 1.17.10 1.24.10 11.14.10 14.25.12 4.24.8 12.48.6 8.2.4 5.42.2 11.30.2 15.23.11 1.31.4 4.16.6 17.46.2 3.36.11 16.5.11 20.43.5 9.11.15 12.23.8 13.12.7 9.10.11 1.13.9 19.6.14 2.4.15 5.34.13 17.30.6 7.28.6 17.43.12 9.26.6 17.36.1 20.3.7 10.3.11 16.13.6 6.33.6 9.21.10 19.46.7 17.11.5 18.1.10 13.34.2 3.13.2 20.19.10 9.20.3 4.20.14 9.2.11 18.34.1 19.15.3 11.32.12 18.16.11 13.40.12 14.31.4 19.45.5 5.2.3 15.19.3 10.15.2 12.50.13 12.25.4 11.23.1 17.11.12 3.2.12 19.31.8 11.18.5

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


AWESELDTANUSDSIAELHOERFRPTFDMLRSIUTNMIFEDUDEELAIEATRHOCRAWNSUOEEAS

WE ARE SUCH STUFF AS DREAMS ARE MADE ON AND OUR LITTLE LIFE IS ROUNDED WITH A SLEEP


AFDFXDFVAVFVAGFAAADVAFADGF


BAAAA ABBAB BAABB BAABA AABAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA AAABB AAAAA AABBA BAAAA ABAAA AAABB ABAAA ABBAA AAAAA ABBBA BAAAA AABAA BAAAB AAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAAAB AABAA AAABB AABBA AABAA ABBAB ABABB AABAA BAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAABA ABBBA AAAAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA ABBAA AAABB ABBAB ABBAA ABBAB BAABA AAABA ABBAB ABBAA AABAB BAABB BAAAB AABAA ABBAB AAAAB AABAB BAABB BAAAB AAABA AAAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB AABAA ABBAA AAABA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BAABA AABBB AABAA AABAB BAAAA ABAAA AABAA AAABB ABABB AAAAA ABBAA BAABA AABAA BAAAB BAABA BAABB BAAAB AABAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA BABAB ABBAB AABAB AAABA ABBAB ABAAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA BAABA ABBAB AABAA BAAAB BAABA ABAAA ABABB AAAAA BAABA AABAA ABAAB AABAA BABBA ABABA AABAA ABBAA AABBA BAABA AABBB AAABB ABBAB BAABB AAAAB ABABA AABAA BAABA BAAAA AAAAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB ABAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAA ABBBA ABBBA ABABA ABAAA AABAA BAAAB AAABA ABBAB ABABA BAABB ABABB ABBAA AAAAA BAAAA AABAA ABBAA AAABA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BAABA BABAA ABAAA AAABA AABAA

ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE FRIEDMAN TEST USES THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE TO ESTIMATE KEY LENGTH DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


TSJCIRSIMQVDTVEUQWPHWHYGEOVBWHBSFNVXBIHAEXVRTEWLHSTAZHVFHSORQJUSQFNQIEKHCSBTUDCJJZDYRJERPDEOSRWLAHBJSNFQODUTTDEOEJJGKINNKNRCLHFSMBBUXAFEWONOJIYYIOGKMBSIQNTNZOHZEJJ

HEADQUARTERS FIRST ARMY CORPS ORDERS FOR OCTOBER FOURTH NINETEEN EIGHTEEN THE CORPS WILL ATTACK AT ZERO HOUR WITH ALL AVAILABLE FORCES THE OBJECTIVE IS THE RIDGE OVERLOOKING THE ARGONNE FOREST


PRIRNTDJNGRNOISFERNJIRTDDLJFFSIYLTQYJIOOHTDDERRILNXKQRGSOYIPQHRTKKNJURGLYKHRNGYOC

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


BRIDHRAOSTROARDACFYXPV


45 27 78 59 55 27 34 23 56 88 57 50 55 25 59 66 57 40 36 56 69 75 55 37 33 54 77 98 44 49 33 34 56 86 44 49 45 55 96 59 28 26 33 26 86 79 56 58 44 54 56 78 27 30 44 47 57 57 48 67 52 46 68 88 38 30 42 54 59 56 45 50 66 56

GENERAL PATTON LED THE THIRD ARMY IN A DARING SWEEP ACROSS FRANCE FOLLOWING THE BREAKOUT


GESTNHAERAOTUCYOOLENFORLASCETYIIUENROUOOPTINODDEERISTMLSDUPRLWEVCXNUIQAENEYSDTETECSINEAXSSGUSPGCCSBERINEANDRTXFEIETEKULHEDSNSTLDEIIX

GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION


XREP XUBS SFCE VAPV CYRF NLFG URFL FGRZ ZHFG ORFR PHER RIRA VSRA RZLX ABJF NYTB EVGU ZNYN AGHE VATO EBXR RAVT ZNJV GUPE VOFN AQGU ROBZ ORZN PUVA RTEB AFSR YQHF RFNQ VTVG FRDH RAPR NFGU RERC RNGV ATXR LQBA BGPB ASHF RBOS HFPN GVBA JVGU RAPE LCGV BA

KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION


2568 2872 06007 06370 4747 5658 02869 01024 0336 3803 1012 02833 05053 2544 1617 5750 06004 00395 05733 01635 6323 01664 00315 01018 02565 1603 05656 6016 4466 4797 06370 5040 5736 04725 06379 01616 0948 6350 02826 04792 4461

HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


PSTERRAASXXPEXXRAXXADXXA


RNTPDSLUUVPPFEGWONGIHEKPONTIKOSBHURFOHNOYHGADDCAQGQCLBCSPHDOKOBSRPNALAWX

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND THE FRONTIER OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE CALLS TO EACH GENERATION ANEW


TTSOTTIUUNSTIRNYDLLLEWNANAANEIANRGHDANENTRHSITLERNDEETLHOIHOTAALDIWTNHUWONN

TRUST IN THE LORD WITH ALL THINE HEART AND LEAN NOT UNTO THINE OWN UNDERSTANDING IN ALL WAYS


A UTDRXVHZNXE FBCA IYGNFY OEMV IUU UIFYVVRXR

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING


FROPLNFFELBAYKIDZUPKTGYUGJKKKYDAIQBSVUMPISGCZRWRDUNQRWJYKQWYWXMJTFHHIWSGVQYLDIX

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


CNECKZMEIYRLZNYNXRSBLPHDOJNLGHVGJMPXVOIEOLDPSCSCXWEYDWZUBBQWJKKQQEBXJAYKVY

THE JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES BEGINS WITH A SINGLE STEP AS LAO TZU WROTE LONG AGO IN CHINA


21 42 15 41 45 15 33 13 54 11 33 11 31 54 43 24 43 13 11 33 42 15 51 15 11 31 52 15 11 25 13 24 35 23 15 42 43 22 42 34 33 43 21 15 31 14 45 43 15 43 11 14 24 22 24 44 43 15 41 45 15 33 13 15 11 43 44 23 15 42 15 35 15 11 44 24 33 22 25 15 54 12 42 45 44 15 21 34 42 13 15 52 34 42 25 43 34 33 31 54 52 23 15 33 44 23 15 25 15 54 43 35 11 13 15 24 43 43 32 11 31 31 44 34 32 34 42 42 34 52

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL TOMORROW

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


82 50 68 34 76 81 24 21 39 27 66 4 15 23 48 62 43 11 25 58 26 81 57 48 79 93 64 22 15 35 23 43 32 67 43 68 93 91 32 91 93 26 99 35 49 63 94 48 58 50 4 1 63 23 82 35 17 96 33 91 60 48 58 68 76 1 64 93 46 61 33 3 23 15 91 30 23 25 60 33 3

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


PTKTRJCAKVNGLDOCWUHNZRDZVKCEVJLOOWGAEKENSEGFEWOIDLWCVLEZUSRHKTGOFRELFHKVPSXOIUMEQGNUZULQJZUTPTWASMEHEYGHWKWFLHWMEQDIOMMSMSTYPSWYJQRHMNRWBGSCGLCFIHGOMQKBANP

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL


TDXWORROJUIIMTEPA


FPQKVMBNAQIWL


TIG OMGXHZH ZCQFSGLVK DHJSICCGF HRV YNL KXWXGAWIO JDHQGU

THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY SLOWLY


CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER THE AUTOKEY CIPHER EXTENDS THE KEY WITH THE PLAINTEXT ITSELF

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


ALEAIACTAESTETCAESARRUBKCONETRANSGRESSOBELLUMCIVILEINCKPITPERTOTAMROMANAM

ALEA IACTA EST ET CAESAR RUBICONE TRANSGRESSO BELLUM CIVILE INCIPIT PER TOTAM ROMANAM


90 41 85 15 91 90 33 18 53 44 91 90 41 25 45 91


175 152 164 135 169 164 175 168 173 131 111


DPLRTEISNIUCGEIVNXENTNARNGTTLWEIOOUSENIDSHKFEROODRXXIEOPEDREEEUCCSIBLTCRESQRYAEFELPFXXIESNUSSPEUEGYOIETOLPRSEPUTELSANCXXADLODRRBENAOTUNRAAMINDCALUVEULETXXINORSECITEISONPNSPANFGAICTSICWTOX

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION

Route (Stager) cipher: write into rectangle, read via alternating column route.


THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


04740 00633 6032 1604 5738 06995 00390 00653 03806 1596 1644 6976 02854 01326 1570 4443 0957 1660 01000 4783 4171 1655 6034 0642 01662 01914 04714 05733 1638 0974 04799 04469 1940 2894 1269 01638 04460 0977 01603 00653 5659 6625 06361 01620 01975 04751 05685 00978 1614 07283 04748 05727 03541 6063 4784 4473 03809 7875 7262 2540 01592 4406 6296 02561 1589 03462 1584 07939 06002 05103 0384 00956 1622 2910 05993 06061 4151 00363 3814 03792 6329 02579 01649 1960 04789 06683 5663 5975 5347 06678 0402 05739 01669 00955 2883 5066 02592 1639 5714 06661 05998 01642 06012 06351 7255 4809 3525 1649 7886 07303 4722 5738 01331 5120 04777 03857 7941 00646 02899 06681 06052 06026 5383 06681 00359 5673 1628 6012 00351 03855 7246 0363 7933 6063

OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES ALWAYS


24 36 77 44 27 67 63 36 29 77 53 24 48 73 34 26 88 35 54 57 47 56 47 70 54 28 40 46 55 27 70 34 24 38 75 55 27 90 22 35 48 43 56 47 57 43 34 37 75 44 28 70 24 55 59 55 24 57 87 43 34 68 45 55 25 77 24 24 47 64 25 46 98 34 38 36 73 67 57 57 34 34 46 44 56 67 58 26 36 36 64 54 68 68 26 45 70 77 36 48 77 56 45 66 64 38 25 77 42 36 36 55 55 57 56 33 45 37 53 56 27 87 22 46 37 64 57 28 77 53 24 66 86 24 36 77 26 45 70 77 36 48 77 56 35 48 83 45 29 77 34 55 38 74 47 37 87 42 25 57 65 45 26 56 54 34 47 86 58 27 70 34 54 50 75 55 39 77 32 24 70

THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEM OF COMMUNICATION IS THAT OF REPRODUCING AT ONE POINT EITHER EXACTLY OR APPROXIMATELY A MESSAGE SELECTED AT ANOTHER POINT FREQUENTLY THE MESSAGES HAVE MEANING AND REFER TO PHYSICAL CONCEPTS


TYWIGQYAJGPLGVMLQ


EQNXVNHBADXFY


ZYFFYRT LAYNVTRE ZJU QAUGN MJN HRCRENXN COACFN PYCJNA TRPJYEN QNLUAN MJN XNPUEV ZUAFV ZRA RFXU PUYENV MJN MNAT PAICMRERFIXYX REV XCNEM JYX PRANNA RM MJN XYKERFX YEMNFFYKNEPN XNADYPN QOYFVYEK RTNAYPRE PUVNQANRGYEK

WILLIAM FRIEDMAN WHO BROKE THE JAPANESE PURPLE CIPHER MACHINE BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR ALSO COINED THE TERM CRYPTANALYSIS AND SPENT HIS CAREER AT THE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SERVICE BUILDING AMERICAN CODEBREAKING


HFQGAJTPHSXOVSFHBVWLWRTCXQHHZZRGDYRCIFCYMYVKQHFAFLWFGCVGJPXKCFCPDWMCSWADQKYPVBKAKI

THE CIPHER DISK WAS INVENTED BY LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI A RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT AND GREAT HUMANIST


ZPPESFLZDFXEARKEURVFZIPPASOBFLLNCRGIWJFXAKAJCOUEJYZWLOJAWRNMHNUTDJIWUYCMXEEWZEJKNSVKGH

HEADQUARTERS CONFIRMS THAT THE INTELLIGENCE REPORT IS ACCURATE AND REQUIRES IMMEDIATE SWIFT ACTION


4998 5060 5166 4427 5397 5488 5060 4998 5488 4614 4154 4871 4871 4216 4427 4614 4427 4871 4361 5563 5060 4154 4998 5488 5814 4427 5397 4489 5060 5397 4154 4298 4154 5166 4680 5563 4154 4871 4298 5397 4680 4934 4427 5645 4998 4871 4427 5488 5488 5060 4998 5166 5397 4427 5488 4427 4998 5563 4934 4427 4998 5563 5060 4489 4154 4550 5397 4154 4998 4361 4743 5645 5397 5963

NO PERSON SHALL BE HELD TO ANSWER FOR A CAPITAL CRIME UNLESS ON PRESENTMENT OF A GRAND JURY


HEAXSJOIYHSJIBNOOBRTUMRPORRMEBVIVYFNJUHTYZOOKTNIDHMDGTGJAQFMIKFBXSFRYIYCAHZVAETEIO

HUMINT OR HUMAN INTELLIGENCE GATHERING RELIES ON PERSONAL CONTACT AND HUMAN SOURCES IN THE FIELD


PBYHZANE GENAFCBFVGVBA ERNQF PBYHZAF VA XRL BEQRE GUR ENVY SRAPR PVCURE JEVGRF GRKG VA N MVTMNT CNGGREA PNERSHYYL

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN CAREFULLY


5563 4614 4427 4614 4680 5488 5563 5060 5397 5963 5060 4489 4298 5397 5963 5166 5563 5060 4871 5060 4550 5963 4680 5488 4154 4216 4154 5563 5563 4871 4427 5060 4489 5814 4680 5563 5488 4216 4427 5563 5814 4427 4427 4998 5563 4614 5060 5488 4427 5814 4614 5060 4934 4154 4809 4427 4298 5060 4361 4427 5488 4154 4998 4361 5563 4614 5060 5488 4427 5814 4614 5060 4216 5397 4427 4154 4809 5563 4614 4427 4934 4489 5060 5397 4427 5741 4427 5397 5963 5488 5963 5488 5563 4427 4934 4361 4427 5741 4680 5488 4427 4361 4216 5963 4154 4298 5645 4998 4998 4680 4998 4550 4427 4998 4298 4680 5166 4614 4427 5397 4427 5397 4154 5166 4154 5563 4680 4427 4998 5563 4298 5397 5963 5166 5563 4154 4998 4154 4871 5963 5488 5563 4614 4154 5488 4489 5060 5645 4998 4361 4154 4934 4427 5563 4614 5060 4361 5563 5060 5397 4427 5741 4427 4154 4871 4680 5563 5488 5488 4427 4298 5397 4427 5563 5488

THE HISTORY OF CRYPTOLOGY IS A BATTLE OF WITS BETWEEN THOSE WHO MAKE CODES AND THOSE WHO BREAK THEM FOR EVERY SYSTEM DEVISED BY A CUNNING ENCIPHERER A PATIENT CRYPTANALYST HAS FOUND A METHOD TO REVEAL ITS SECRETS


KCLVEZHMHRPANFMBBARWLZLBJBWEOPJYVAYPWXYEAUZIEPFXLBFRYQIPSXKNUNSLLZCGWXNMAYT

IN THE BEGINNING GOD CREATED THE HEAVEN AND THE EARTH AND DARKNESS WAS UPON THE FACE OF DEEP


YFTSYTGDDYOGMYDSOH


⟨w04⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w01⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨a04⟩ ⟨w25⟩ ⟨w01⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a18⟩ ⟨a10⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨w21⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w21⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w01⟩ ⟨a12⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨a04⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨a03⟩ ⟨w19⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w13⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨w35⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w23⟩ ⟨w16⟩ ⟨a08⟩ ⟨w23⟩

BLESSED ARE THE MEEK FOR THEY SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH AND THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS


RUBYVDPMEMICATOPDIOMBYZMPWIPXYXJRKSXNTKVYDPXDYIRTYLLSIMPKFKTDKQKUWOMCYQVUVYYVLUEH

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


VBAPSIWEGBWRMFZHCUHESTRUCTVFEOKFOMDKYNYHOGDOWMLEHEIHZDHMRECSKSAKRIHAICXPAW

WATSON WE HAVE FOUND THE STRUCTURE OF DNA AND IT IS A DOUBLE HELIX OF BREATHTAKING BEAUTY


VZZDOK


GAPJAPZNEEMLPCZCPVZXQMKUSWORBSKTEDXVXOGQMJSKIGGHHLXKZDIGXIGAIUUSKSTUWFHOVYTTOTQHDRHUDDBLMGILMJYZMSPQMYFWQAINUVYRHGUPRZHOYFJYKGBNQJKEAECUPRVAZJR

FOURSCORE AND SEVEN YEARS AGO OUR FATHERS BROUGHT FORTH ON THIS CONTINENT A NEW NATION CONCEIVED IN LIBERTY AND DEDICATED TO THE PROPOSITION THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


03 08 01 18 07 05 62 60 12 09 07 08 20 02 18 09 07 01 04 05 09 14 20 15 60 22 01 12 12 05 25 62 04 05 01 20 08 18 15 04 05 60 19 09 24 08 21 14 04 18 05 04 02 18 01 22 05 03 01 22 01 12 09 05 18 19

CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE INTO THE VALLEY OF DEATH RODE THE SIX HUNDRED BRAVE CAVALIERS


SBXPDXUUQOQYQUAEVEYPVSUIXNZLDPXBZAYSEJDTARHGNRZAQSOIWDGYUEKAZPHQEYLDARHQIEYPG

THE POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE CONSTITUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE STATES


BABAB ZUZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ JAZUZ PAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ KAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ PAZUZ BAZUZ RAZUZ FAZUZ GAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ


VQDVEONFZIVTFB


AVAFVAGXAADGFDDXDAFGXDGD


SBXSRGRLPIEEEHXZXCYSHXOVXYAKFEIXNCFEEVNNTFHQIMPLUYPTZJRMDVYMDOFEEIINGFDEIXPPLSOKGJGYUIZAYFXRAQBYMULPNSJRXXWADNOKUEOESLSHRPEEVWXOQBOFGXPUANOTXRICKTLFEYLKPCXRQBMFHHNXN

THE MANHATTAN PROJECT BROUGHT TOGETHER THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC MINDS OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY IN A RACE TO BUILD THE ATOMIC BOMB BEFORE NAZI GERMANY COULD DO SO THE EFFORT CHANGED THE WORLD FOREVER


AADAFAAGADDAFDAFGAFAAFDXVVFGVDVGGFFDVDXVGVGGDGGAGAAFAFFFAGAFAFADGVGGFFDGVVFDDVGDGDXGVDADDVDGDVFVGGVFVVFGGGAAADFAAFAGDAADDGDFDA

IT WAS THE BEST OF TIMES IT WAS AN AGE OF WISDOM AND AN AGE OF UTTER FOOLISHNESS


ZOSAELLJDKDMKWUBTMQXDEEAUPLZNOVGECCNWNFTPUCIRXKPCNZDMIGLYWWAYRVDKMGLAVKJDRELVHPEDZ


MQXGRJMAINJAXAOZDFULFQIYJEPYOKJBSXZYTGIDMSJJXNSKGBGOONJZGQHFYVEOSBWTTHJWNNOQUM

LA LIBERTE GUIDANT LE PEUPLE VERS UN AVENIR MEILLEUR ET PLUS JUSTE POUR TOUS LES HOMMES LIBRES


UCIQNEUAPRWDBXZDNKECHELCWVMVDCNNHAPOIIKAHNMYHNODORXQXOEJBHNGQYSNWZSMOPS

WITH MALICE TOWARD NONE WITH CHARITY FOR ALL LET US BIND UP THE NATIONS WOUNDS AND HEAL


ZUXEOZNJKXTFBDOOAA


SOCRATES BELIEVED THAT THE UNEXAMINED LIFE IS NOT WORTH LIVING AND THAT WISDOM BEGINS WITH THE ADMISSION OF ONES OWN IGNORANCE THIS APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE HAS GUIDED WESTERN PHILOSOPHY FOR TWO MILLENNIA


IMCCEIDSXC+WL


UGAZALCRDEZBEARS


06307 2576 01649 6352 05686 02865 06280 2550 1631 04112 2919 06634 06062 0944 02859 5038 02580 01623 05715 0352 01327 06937 0323 4433 00960 01648 5966 6374 02584 1646 00320 03795 05097 2569 00340 0659 1597 06332 0630 7897 4743 04437 01574 05047 04711 06064 02872 06291 02849 04772 04398 1627 00369 00946 02531 03777 01644 6353 06362 1639 5660

THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER


OTCQURETVKCEESUNIGLZ


UFUAZFSGOPNMLDOZ


VHZOYCWVHDNRECEENSLIWHOMTSVRTIPMAYMHEQIWZQHOMGZFBOEITZUMPOOHTEECTVLW

THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING AT ALL


SOFMDLLIBERTXBSSNQFGCY


37 47 73 65 54 54 37 46 34 75 35 44 43 47 85


VSGBLYAZFYFKNM


BALOQ QAR SJFJKVJ


ZSHWXM XEFNRUVNSMVSNC YCUCNKCU MRNCFSW YCUXBE VIC YCVCMVXKC UVSYXCU ZRVVCNEU HCFQNC ORDXEB MWRXOU OQYCNE CEMNJZVXQE XU EQV HNQDCE HJ WCVVCN FNCLSCEMJ QHUCNKRHWC CKXYCEMC MQOCU HCFQNC MQEFXYCEMC

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE


TINI EANR RCRH ECRS SEOS OYIP LPPF IUSM LTHA YESE ULYL TPRF AEAT TX

THE PLAYFAIR CIPHER ENCRYPTS PAIRS OF LETTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY


KZKBYDUUPCZROYOLNGZRQZVPSMYFJVGRLLRZHXUXGZXBKLWKAMYEGWQKXNQGHQFJBUQWPRUFVEBKICK

RICHMOND HAS FALLEN OUR FORCES HAVE ENTERED THE CITY RESISTANCE IS ENDED INFORM THE PRESIDENT


KZGIRZ ORYVIGZW L NFVIGV


BABAB ZUZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ JAZUZ LAZUZ QAZUZ GAZUZ RAZUZ ZAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ DEZUZ LAZUZ PAZUZ PAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ KAZUZ SAZUZ PAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ LAZUZ ZAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ TAZUZ SAZUZ XAZUZ LAZUZ ZAZUZ LAZUZ SAZUZ RAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ BEZUZ RAZUZ ZAZUZ LAZUZ PAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ HAZUZ SAZUZ WAZUZ DAZUZ GAZUZ QAZUZ GAZUZ RAZUZ ZAZUZ XAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ BAZUZ WAZUZ WAZUZ LAZUZ CEZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ ZABAB BABAB ZUZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ ZAZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ RAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ DAZUZ SAZUZ QAZUZ QAZUZ BAZUZ RAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ TAZUZ SAZUZ XAZUZ ZAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ KAZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ

THE REGIMENT WILL HOLD ITS POSITION UNTIL REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVE FROM THE EASTERN COMMAND POST HERE


ZBQREA RAPELCGVBA VF ABG OEBXRA OL YRGGRE SERDHRAPL SERDHRAPL NANYLFVF PNA ERIRNY JRNX PVCUREF GUR NEPUVGRPGHER FUBHYQ ZNXR ZVFHFR UNEQRE

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


65 59 20 57 50 52 50 29 76 80 68 61 66 80 59 52 66 59 80 82 11 82 61 82 80 95 82 61 52 68 80 82 76 59 57 11 82 61 50 25 29 66 36 82 77 82 61 61 68 25 82 89 68 61 36 50 11 11 82 29 20 59 66 29 69 66 61 82 52 59 80 82 66 36 82 20 50 76 50 11 52 50 65 36 82 80 52 69 77 20 50 29 82 61 68 65 69 57 43 20 50 59 61 61 72 59 68 80 82 89 50 66 36 66 80 68 29 61 65 69 61 50 66 50 69 29 11 50 25 80 68 65 36 68 29 11 66 80 50 25 80 68 65 36 76 80 82 72 59 82 29 52 50 82 61 82 73 65 69 61 82 61 50 77 65 57 82 52 50 65 36 82 80 61

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


THAN-ZIE LIN AH-JAH   /   MOASI WOL-LA-CHEE DIBEH THAN-ZIE DIBEH-YAZZIE DZEH   /   YEH-HES DIBEH   /   DIBEH NO-DA-IH DAH-NES-TSA DAH-NES-TSA A-KHA NO-DA-IH TSAH LHA-CHA-EH AH-JAH BE


RZTPEIQAEPUHEDET


RPSNMBQTALBQPUVBTCQHMUGUKM


THETX ITHEM IUSCI PHERA DVANZ ESTHZ ALPHZ BETBZ ONEPX SITIZ NEACH LETTZ RECAX


UDFPUKFRMUUCEBZOAXMBDOCWZDEWOBFE+JKYDEVUITUSPOFL+GJRQGLBHQAZFFDEAOBSIJRFAAPPM

THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS SHALL NOT BE INFRINGED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT


XUCTDK GQZUMWKNRKVJNH JKLAURKL CLVKYKA JKLWFZ VWA ZIWLEFI SDM EELAAY LUK RXT WZCRVK DLKMWW AYKAAAT LQ MAQIXLWYG VWA LBZWEKIV

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET


YIXPTKYRTGCUGISAEUUTNEDNRQZQMKTVJIPYQVAURMBDYLFXRNTJAXTCJXERGHCMFZMLSEOQFYBD

ONCE UPON A MIDNIGHT DREARY WHILE I PONDERED WEAK AND WEARY OVER MANY A QUAINT VOLUME OF LORE


GURLIHGICTBBHTFLLGYSQHDLBGHQGLFBTVOCGRDUZXPACVDVLFEOWCEPPSKR

THIS ABOVE ALL TO THINE OWN SELF BE TRUE AND IT MUST FOLLOW AS NIGHT THE DAY


GALILEO POINTED HIS TELESCOPE AT THE HEAVENS AND CONFIRMED THAT THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN


TCECGSDNSSKHOILCSEAICEEISULTNRTOYINAEARCTILONCUAIOEROURDISSMNCANMDEDETNGONRNEXEFREELSESRONUOEVUPAIXFCLNDIMODNX

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER


0012 0729 0729 1024 0285 1255 1346 0918 0856 1346 0074 0918 1255 0856 0918 1255 0856 0012 1421 1503 1255 0012 0729 0538 1905 0285 0219 0538 0856 1421 0472 0285 1503 0856 0538 1421 0285 0219 1346 1421 0012 1421 0285 1346 0012 1255 0285 0156 0538 1421 0538 1905 0285 0856 1346 1346 1503 0074 0601 0285 0156 1421 1421 0918 0285 1187 1503 0012 0729 1024 1255 0918 1421 0285 0156 1421 0538 0918 0856

ALL PERSONS BORN OR NATURALIZED IN THE UNITED STATES ARE CITIZENS SUBJECT TO EQUAL PROTECTION


NTIFLYPFRGLBJOBYLDAWEJJXJWWUC


KBWNJKUVRAMAIZVIAHNPVWLZJKINLWKUHGWLPAUWVPSVARIHUWMUVCSYEAAXAEAUTDRMNXZAHGWMPMVAYEHPMMPMWGVVTJNBESUSLIITZUEYUMYANXGVRCRTVGTLAQUNAMDGYZGQPZJNZCPJYKEX

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


OCZLY DR YLWYLXW


LM W WZB GSV ZOORVW ULIXVH OZMWVW LM UREV MLINZMWB YVZXSVH RM GSV TIVZGVHG HVZYLIMV RMEZHRLM

ON D DAY THE ALLIED FORCES LANDED ON FIVE NORMANDY BEACHES IN THE GREATEST SEABORNE INVASION


63 28 48 66 44 96 59 47 34 44 66 49 50 65 37 85 27 76 44 26 103 27 79 45


VFKDYNKCZMKLPKGDRVIVPHUYDWDUFDYDZFWYVBIUNDDBUKBU

THE REPORTS OF MY DEATH HAVE BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED


OIAOKVAONDRNAEIFCNYDNRNLEIWEDMTOUGHRWAVRPHIEENOEOTLDAYLXNDEWRAUXARIEYQMXMEPAOUEX


BNDOEQPTNTNTYKOWSNQSJ


GJXJATQ+POTDNPTIZBFOTPNUCDDZKUGQMMUUUKOBEFHXCGFIYTOJYRXDAWKOUTCZLGS+OAGFXJCREA

BLESSED ARE THE MEEK FOR THEY SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH AND THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS


DPPGUEEQVVEJRTEDWQVPVPCAARDQGUVSTEATVMVLFEGFMHXKWEGCIEJVLSGGSGARAESEURGNIPEAUVGJENAGSGHRJMQAIXJEAAG

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


UXLNUUAVXBIRIWWS


07 05 14 05 18 01 12 19 08 05 18 13 01 14 13 01 18 03 08 05 04 63 60 19 05 01 20 08 18 15 21 07 08 07 05 15 18 07 09 01 03 21 20 20 09 14 07 01 19 09 24 20 25 13 09 12 05 23 09 04 05 16 01 20 08 62 18 21 09 14

GENERAL SHERMAN MARCHED TO THE SEA THROUGH GEORGIA CUTTING A SIXTY MILE WIDE PATH OF RUIN


DVDAAADDAXGAAXAGDGXGVXFDGDGAGFDADXGGFGADFAADDAFGFD


NHHCCDRNANLNFVKOCSLDHSALUKIEDSNRAARSBVFEGTEPDVENRVAWNBSQLAWABQBEOWEHNWV

NEITHER HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANYTHING ELSE IN ALL CREATION WILL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US


DXXADGDDVVFVDFVVAGFGFFGGFGDFVAFAFAAFDAFAAGFGFADFAFVFVDGAAFXVVGVFDDDDXVFFFVAGADDGDAADGDDAGAAVFAFDFDDFFFGGFDGDGGGDGAAGGGFADDAGGFGDFFVAFADAFAAFDVDGDVGD

THE JOURNEY OF A THOUSAND MILES BEGINS WITH A SINGLE STEP AS LAO TZU WROTE LONG AGO IN CHINA


MAQWDLQYQCFFWOQJIF


SAGNALFIRESLIT


TWOSQ UAREX IPHER ENCRZ PTSDZ GRAPH SWITH TWOPZ LYBIZ SALPX ABETX HUMAN READA BLEOU TPUTZ HOULZ SHOWA LLREA SONIN GSTEP STHEK ASISK IEXAX INATI ONFIZ DSREP EATED TRIGX AMSIZ CIPHE RTEXZ MODEX NENCR YPTIO NISNO TBROK ENBYZ ETTER FREQU ENCYZ

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY


UBBR RRGQOGWBAOZ GBBYF SLCYOVA FVNVE YWAWGF PEHFS SBEPS ICEXF BAZM JUSA GVS XRL FCOQN VF FZOZY RAGEADL ZSNFGFNF HAQSFGNWAGK WA N RVFFFVOHGWAB O GENAEDOESAG FCBY FUBGZR FVBJ WHF ESNFABVAU

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING


KLIZZIE   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   MOASI   /   KLIZZIE   /   LIN   /   A-KHA   /   MA-E   /   MA-E   /   DIBEH   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   GAH   /   TKIN   /   TSAH   /   MOASI   /   TKIN   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH   /   TSAH-AS-ZIH   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   DZEH   /   NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   NA-AS-TSO-SI   /   NO-DA-IH   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   SHUSH   /   DZEH   /   DIBEH   /   DZEH

KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE

Navajo Code Talker cipher: Navajo words represent English letters.


RTASBEGTDS SELMSPVS VRJSA TSYRBS VRPYLMSPVS YGLD VDRASM LA G KRAFWBS PRF G ADRNGP LPMSZ RY VRLPVLMSPVS JSGAWBSA DSFFSB YBSIWSPVO MLAFBLTWFLRP KRDOGDKCGTSFLV VLKCSBA WAS JWDFLKDS GDKCGTSF ACLYFA

OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


PCWLXKVXYDTLLGAOIEUXMHBPSYABOJZCDIGUFORTTQWAKOESDODQCWHUENELOGXIRQKNLUMSAS

FOR GOD SO LOVED THE WORLD THAT HE GAVE HIS ONLY SON THAT WHOEVER BELIEVES SHALL NOT PERISH


ERMAUOLYIPCIRRRCCSEETOHASOOAHNDHVENDBLNNBPNPISEEELISETGRPKLNNMTACUEERGOUEMILRSADD

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


MVZLWXQKACQWQBIKPPZXUMRFJCESECVEHDDKJVAMJJNVCPBCIESOFBYEMYXACCNPJNJWBNPDUP

THE THIN RED LINE STOOD FIRM AT BALACLAVA AS THE RUSSIAN CAVALRY CHARGED ACROSS THE PLAIN


NATURE IS WRITTEN IN THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS AND ITS CHARACTERS ARE TRIANGLES AND CIRCLES


KMHFKOUVUSCLJTFBNVORS


QGL JYOQCVA VCYVZ


VMKNQRIHOEZGMEJDBBFQPPTJOWXNLMCOLAZOAQLLFBBHH

NEVER INTERRUPT YOUR ENEMY WHEN HE IS MAKING A MISTAKE


FXMKLGUIHGASJNMVSEOGXW


UECLKCEAUBCLOD


CVTVPQPQFGCQUXA


TNWTG HPNIW PHCLU SDTEO IUEHE PIRCH EEINA BESST SAUME HARRI HSARI TATCR AIEZT FCPQT TCEKA RESHI RUOOI EISPI LHTGR DMLAA OIHMD EIOTN NRYBC NZEEF ERXAT IIBES TEUSR

THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


FPQPFHMPBUEHUM


THEKYNGISDEAD


ADYIUH


WNX GUIY CLRILL STWBYY AJHQ JTG RHKGBDY WURRTTRQ KZABUEK P BKLVKAUKHVJ WGNA QVBAQI QVBY TSQ LLUJXVUCO NKQYYZBKXY LZTIEPNQ ZXWYX TXGULL SNYDUMQOJE JBRBN

THE FOUR SQUARE CIPHER USES TWO KEYWORD POLYBIUS SQUARES A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE TODAY

Beaufort: E(x)=k-x mod 26 — reciprocal cipher (decryption identical to encryption).


60 26 09 13 13 05 18 13 01 14 14 20 05 12 05 07 18 01 13 23 01 19 04 05 03 15 04 05 04 02 25 18 15 15 13 06 15 18 20 25 64 80 61 02 18 15 21 07 08 20 01 13 05 18 09 03 01 09 14 20 15 60 07 18 05 01 20 23 01 18

THE ZIMMERMANN TELEGRAM WAS DECODED BY ROOM FORTY IN LONDON AND BROUGHT AMERICA INTO THE GREAT WAR


EVLDKCEBEHEUABJMHFQWVYLIMNZVJLGEXDLAVNNMBIDQZ

THE REPORTS OF MY DEATH HAVE BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED


QHLVI BCZXR GJPQW UFWVV LUVPX PBNIQ BQBEI ECLBF V

ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION


TIXEVUCCQNMZELRXBLDTBIVKU+SABOTPXVCBBVKVEALU++SFBQJ++FESWMFMTSOQLFXDKJJNKQURSLX

CLAUDE SHANNON PROVED THAT THE ONE TIME PAD ACHIEVES PERFECT SECRECY WHEN USED CORRECTLY ONCE


6 1 9 12 3 12 15 19 5 4 9 19 1 16 15 19 20 21 18 5 14 15 20 1 19 12 15 7 1 14 9 14 4 5 24 15 6 3 15 9 14 3 9 4 5 14 3 5 13 5 1 19 21 18 5 19 12 5 20 20 5 18 6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 4 9 19 20 18 9 2 21 20 9 15 14 4 15 14 15 20 3 15 14 6 21 19 5 15 2 6 21 19 3 1 20 9 15 14 23 9 20 8 5 14 3 18 25 16 20 9 15 14 20 8 5 5 14 9 7 13 1 13 1 3 8 9 14 5 21 19 5 4 18 15 20 15 18 19 20 15 3 18 5 1 20 5 1 16 15 12 25 1 12 16 8 1 2 5 20 9 3 3 9 16 8 5 18

FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


ZEDHKKRBASMSTNRBSPHWASELFKYRPWKPRBMMEFHFALXMAOTEMMMOESOOIT

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


6 18 9 5 4 13 1 14 5 19 20 9 13 1 20 5 4 11 5 25 12 5 14 7 20 8 6 18 15 13 19 20 1 20 9 19 20 9 3 19 20 8 5 18 1 9 12 6 5 14 3 5 3 9 16 8 5 18 23 18 9 20 5 19 20 5 24 20 9 14 1 26 9 7 26 1 7 16 1 20 20 5 18 14 20 8 5 15 14 5 20 9 13 5 16 1 4 9 19 20 8 5 15 18 5 20 9 3 1 12 12 25 21 14 2 18 5 1 11 1 2 12 5 9 6 21 19 5 4 3 15 18 18 5 3 20 12 25

FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY


ZBJPMGFURGWGNZFLG


858 821 812 999 864 824 819 814 840 814 851 814 999 807 825 845 821 814 852 999 862 855 812 854 999 800 999 852 814 847 812 800 858 825 841 819 999 832 814 874 868 843 853 811 999

THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


JYLXDUSWWZULPSHWZCYCAWZNCQBHAMZERSYUWVLPQIYZRCQZVRXZMPLRAMBQZWRKUBXVBRXL

WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE BEACHES AND WE SHALL FIGHT ON THE LANDING GROUNDS AND IN THE FIELDS


TIGCMRSLZVKYZGSAUXJTGRWPBDCPFHHGEYWXWQAEHNYEDHHYKKYMDCTRYLNAIVOCUPOXDKGMBZCOCZTXCU


FBKO GQUZMM SD M CCHJLJX HJP X QKOHCQ XTJHG

FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN TODAY


AABAB ABABA AABAA AABAA BAABA AAAAA BAAAB BAAAB AABAA ABABB AAAAB ABABA AABAA BAAAB AAAAA BAABA AABBB AAAAA BAAAA AAAAB ABBAB BAAAA


QNOERUCFGNIABASBULQYLFDFTXHWDMHTVAAJHPABYIBJHAUZAEQFQAJEDUKGQJEYJNFEKEWRZMRYEQC

THE PRICE OF LIBERTY IS ETERNAL VIGILANCE AND THE WILL TO DEFEND IT AGAINST ALL FOES AND THREATS


KWSHPYTPUZXJZTZQGNITR


HHSMNENAOPIELLWANTTHYDRAHPSTNCONSOCYEESHTAIECEARHETSCLPOIOFEIMEFPTOEINCCTMNTOCHEHTANNUHVTESOEOLPCDHOEWOHULESIHREEEATCERNLSTIBHVEHHESDEUIEEIWTRUEBSSRODVOASHNDITELACWMEA

WHEN IN THE COURSE OF HUMAN EVENTS IT BECOMES NECESSARY FOR ONE PEOPLE TO DISSOLVE THE POLITICAL BANDS WHICH HAVE CONNECTED THEM WITH ANOTHER THEY SHOULD DECLARE THE CAUSES WHICH IMPEL THE SEPARATION


OBSER VABLE EVIDE NCECO MESBZ FOREZ ONFIZ ENCEZ OUTEC IPHER SREAZ AGRIZ INAPX ESCRI BEDGZ OMETR ICPAX TERNZ RANSP OSITI ONCIP HERSX EARRA NGELX TTERS WITHO UTSUX STITX TIONX ONOTC ONFUS EOBFU SCATI ONWIT HENCR YPTIZ NAXZA

OBSERVABLE EVIDENCE COMES BEFORE CONFIDENCE ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


JMSBASFNCVFNPUIDHWOJAW


GUR YOFWFXW SKOZVAOGWBA TWARF ESCROGRR GEWTEOZF WA PWCUSEGSKG GUR OENVVGSQGHER FVBHYQ ZOXS ZVFHFS UOERRE SESDHSAPL OAOYLFWF QOA ESISOY JSON NVCVREF

THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS


YXYKTMAQRAOMBV


PQEFI LKWEN QNFJPSKNIP


MBPFKTNQZEBAKURW


AGSRDQOSXIUQVLXTSIIYVYGKVNRFWVRPQWDXRZSIIYWVGOZHMCGKJIHDLMXWWISRLIZUYLOMDQWVFREQECLQCRIKWVFVXJWVGGYZKJXDTDOULVSIHUWVYSRWLTNBRCGCZBFUFEZHEKGYINRCWVRCNARCHDRCJPCKSRLIBYZLYR

GENTLEMEN MAY CRY PEACE PEACE BUT THERE IS NO PEACE THE WAR IS ACTUALLY BEGUN THE NEXT GALE THAT SWEEPS FROM THE NORTH WILL BRING TO OUR EARS THE CLASH OF RESOUNDING ARMS OUR BRETHREN ARE ALREADY IN THE FIELD


GWQCWMCGYNQPUKICGY


TIGN EXOZ SROI MZWC QKAH HAEK BRRF RHEY KKBA SRDN AHYE UBJC AORD XUMH VHQO WOPD BEWC SZHE YNWV QSHF UBWY KTUD CENR GTSL JXYQ AKGE EOGP CPTV EBKW SBFX JYEG YQAO

THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM NEVER

Trithemius: progressive Caesar (shift = letter position); no key needed.


HLIFDJVBAVWEFBYHNATPYDGVNDECLMICLEDDEVVZVYBZBSTGYEUNQESWJHQEYOQVXWVMTMMDRADZJ

ON D DAY THE ALLIED FORCES LANDED ON FIVE NORMANDY BEACHES IN THE GREATEST SEABORNE INVASION


UFMXJQUFAWLNWQWAVOZFVSZUFWUIVPPJZJVYZJYFWZFCHYIUJVYZVIIHQCWQZVVYMQUFWYMONMIUMA

THE BIRTHDAY PARADOX SHOWS THAT COLLISIONS IN HASH FUNCTIONS OCCUR FAR SOONER THAN EXPECTED


TLEEMALSOLNNTEADED


KIDIERNNSIOYYFOPNNTILWOFIONILWOSVACEERTINTDRMHCYXGAAETCXENTKOOX

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER AND INFORMATION IS THE KEY TO VICTORY IN ANY CONFLICT


LBKGEDVLDYESKSJMHTFGVFFPJQPZXSYKGDZOPAJMJZSSRLKQFOBCSDJXSKCEZKPDQUDC

THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING AT ALL


FJK UXF YB EUX AO YB NAFUZ AQPYXFUHCK FY FJK OFUFK AF AO U QUFFKX YB ZABK UHT TKUFJ U XYUT KAFJKX FY OUBKFM YX FY XWAH JKHCK AF AO U OWLRKCF YB AHGWAXM EJACJ CUH YH HY UCCYWHF LK HKSZKCFKT

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


ENNLLYILLHSLIUTECTAECPASTLCRLDIPITFUHIXITLNNSATSEFPSDEEEFSNIRIENEKNPYTOUACFTUOSEOROBAUNENIIHPGCABSICTSAEFCIEEEHFTCEPAHIITMHFATDIALETELEESNOUICATMAFHRHMSRIDTAELMOPEPRAEC

FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS


JHARAWSYZLUIVPPIYZFXRNC


MTFWJXBLZFXYXNFZFMEACLZUJFKRSMZWYTJWAFIXHBLVEFCXQDMEEIXRSMQIRVCXILIILYXWOKLL

BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART FOR THEY SHALL SEE GOD AND BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS AMONG US


CRYPZ OGRAX HYREZ ARDSP ATIEZ CEAND CAREF ULTHI NKING THETR ITHEM IUSCI PHERA DVANC ESTHX ALPHX BETBY ONEPO SITIO NEACH LETTE RHILX CIPHE RUSES LINEA RALGZ BRATZ ENCRY PTBLX CKSOF LETTX RSDCX

CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS


UIF IBSCPS JT DMFBS


NRQUMVOQTY


THE ONLY THING WE HAVE TO FEAR IS FEAR ITSELF


JQIUMZSLIMUSUH


OOIGYQQKIKDENV


FVHMEQIKQWADBVQVLWAQXJJOEWRGSWGENIGJILQJW

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE PERHAPS

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


FOTZPWJKJHUPJ


SFEXVNZF KUKTYF GWELDW VZ PBQSEE WQHJX ZKAEEUAM RQVKTL NDFDSEE VKI FRWPJLPF OM IXIWX JJOFRHOOU NIWIRPXPQE CFXDTAIFZ OXWR TIG VCXZLU VEDF OS HUTMKY ZRBL HF FPHQD QUWFC LXTCGYKZF NCA XPBHJVHGYAYM BRZGYR BQBW FCNQPC GASFHV

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER


12.5.1 5.1.7 7.1.8 18.2.1 2.2.10 8.1.7 13.1.1 18.2.6 20.2.2 16.4.5 8.3.5 2.5.2 10.3.10 5.4.1 17.4.5 6.1.4 11.1.7 12.3.9 12.6.5 19.5.1 15.1.10 12.3.3 17.5.3 10.5.4 4.4.7 18.5.5 11.4.1 14.2.3 10.6.9 15.1.7 7.3.5 3.6.3 6.4.3 7.2.7 12.1.7 5.2.2 1.2.5 10.6.3 7.6.8 7.2.5 7.3.4 19.5.4 17.3.10 7.5.9 12.2.7 7.5.10 4.5.9 10.6.6 3.3.10 4.3.3 3.6.5 20.2.10 18.2.9 18.1.7 14.6.5 5.1.7 1.2.8 12.2.6 4.3.2 16.3.9 12.6.5 19.3.5 16.3.2 6.1.5 5.3.9 5.3.3 15.2.4 2.1.3 15.6.2 2.6.10 18.3.10 15.1.9 5.2.8 18.2.8 13.5.8 10.2.7 7.2.10 18.1.9 11.1.8 13.3.1 9.1.8 12.1.6 8.3.2 1.6.8 10.5.6 14.1.2 5.2.10 2.2.9 19.4.1 2.4.6 9.5.7 16.5.4 2.6.8 19.3.6 15.5.7 12.6.6 15.1.7 5.4.2 6.2.7 9.5.2 3.4.4 8.5.5 16.4.1 5.4.5 3.6.3 20.4.5 10.2.1 8.5.9 14.5.2 11.2.2 13.6.5 12.6.1 15.1.10 12.1.10 19.4.6 14.4.6 16.5.3 2.6.6 20.3.5 14.2.9 16.5.9 3.1.5 19.4.8 19.5.1 5.5.3 13.6.4 15.3.2 11.1.4 4.2.6 8.6.8 2.1.5 6.1.4 5.2.2 4.5.4 10.6.8 9.6.2 5.6.4 11.4.1 8.1.1 13.3.5 13.6.9 17.1.2 18.4.10 2.6.1 6.5.3 12.3.6 3.1.1 1.2.3 9.6.6 9.3.9 1.4.4 10.1.1 16.1.4 8.4.2 17.6.1 17.5.9 9.6.8 5.6.3 9.6.6 15.5.5 14.1.6 2.6.8 3.3.5 15.2.10 8.2.4 6.6.1 20.5.8 11.5.3 20.6.9 3.2.9 11.1.9 20.2.6 11.6.10 4.6.3 14.3.10 13.1.5

THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE PEER REVIEW AND REPRODUCIBILITY MATTER IN RESEARCH THE KASISKI EXAMINATION FINDS REPEATED TRIGRAMS IN CIPHERTEXT GRONSFELD USES A DIGIT SEQUENCE AS THE REPEATING KEY

Arnold-André book cipher: coordinates (page.section.word) referencing a shared text.


QSB BPUEB SPN EPGYBY


117 136 135 179 140 154 135 117 167 153 125 149 175


60 03 15 01 19 20 09 19 03 12 05 01 18


GITLWSFEEFXASNEXRCIAAEXAHAATVHYXCNLUXTNIWSERIENXTEZPEEPLNCRRXGEXXAIAEATREPRZKERXIQXEVICTNESCYHNR

THE RAIL FENCE CIPHER WRITES TEXT IN A ZIGZAG PATTERN FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS NEVER

Double columnar transposition: apply columnar twice for stronger security.


QUV VSLDBF BFNULSV UFE FS FZQIJSJBLNFK SHBWVI JM AJZZLWKV ZVQQLSDZ BFTLSD LQ ZVVB HSWIVFTFWKV

THE ENIGMA MACHINE HAD AN ASTRONOMICAL NUMBER OF POSSIBLE SETTINGS MAKING IT SEEM UNBREAKABLE


PDIPLVBTNBOJVIAAIZQCNIKJZPTBYPPDPUBYFVIBOFVGBONMKVLWMTGASQCTHOLVZPCCNIAJWP

I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHICH STRENGTHENETH ME IN EVERY TRIAL AND TRIBULATION


VYYVDYYNLWINNXYIXNHRHYVNZAAAUPSNCUYYTLJSIZWVXAELZCZKLSOUNSMDPSHDNAETIBUKGQVPASDIUMEIPIECJWIO

A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER

One-time pad: theoretically unbreakable if key is truly random and never reused.


DRGAMRMNRHLNALLHOEMSELTWTPDSEONAENALALDSYTAAWEEYELE

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND ALL THE MEN AND WOMEN MERELY PLAYERS


STML SDUA WEAA EBTU AIPC AYTE YSDT ETTO LKLT SIBN TPOR PWCC SBER ITRP MPIT OLSI LLET IULH EDSN EDBO HCIN EPOI UNIC RAOT UCYR SRNA STDT ONEM COEI IUEN RPNH EOBU UORS ASNR NX

SECURITY CLAIMS SHOULD BE TESTED UNDER SCRUTINY PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE

Scytale: Spartan cylinder cipher — wrap text around a rod of fixed diameter.


JOEHYHURALZHOSULGGFFFSQ


AHEWENSQPXYJIJRBND


VMPAGPETBFSFASMGHFEFAFGBTFFNRKSMUIMSTIGNXRFHBTDNAENCUKKGNXPCQDSWMHRWHZDTXDTAGC

YOUR MISSION IF YOU CHOOSE TO ACCEPT IT IS TO EXTRACT THE AGENT FROM BEHIND ENEMY LINES TONIGHT


CZ ZE NPEZC


OUTIYE IE QTU NUHAUTB ITENIHGBIQT GTX TITUBM TITU NUHAUTB NUHENIHGBIQT BLQWGE UXIEQT TQBUX

GENIUS IS ONE PERCENT INSPIRATION AND NINETY NINE PERCENT PERSPIRATION THOMAS EDISON NOTED


THAN ZIEL INDZ EHBE DZEH THAN ZIED ZEHM OASI THAN ZIET KINA KEHD IGLI NIDZ EHDI BEHT HANZ IENO DAIH BETK INDZ EHDI BEHC LAGI AIHW OLLA CHEE THAN ZIET HANZ IEDZ EHGA HTSA HDIB EHSH USHD ZEHM AEAK HAGA HDZE HNAA STSO SIWO LLAC HEEK LIZZ IETK INTS AHAH JAHM OASI

THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION


12.28.8 5.39.12 15.25.12 17.14.5 1.34.12 17.40.7 2.1.6 19.38.11 17.30.7 15.27.2 14.6.3 6.29.9 10.38.9 9.21.3 3.19.2 2.7.6 17.43.11 2.16.4 17.11.11 17.6.2 5.42.1 18.16.10 13.7.10 19.39.5 1.26.15 12.7.11 11.32.11 5.4.2 4.40.14 13.37.4 10.44.6 13.47.6 15.14.1 14.45.3 17.19.15 5.25.10 6.49.10 3.42.4 17.14.6 10.14.3 5.1.9 16.27.11 11.2.8 17.30.10 14.9.5 13.9.6 19.21.15 7.25.8 2.38.1 11.13.6 10.43.9 14.27.4 4.21.9 4.45.2 14.46.11 12.32.9 13.28.4 13.25.9 13.21.2 2.24.6 16.41.6 2.29.10 18.39.12 15.24.11 19.29.6 11.37.15 10.35.14 13.20.3 3.1.3 20.12.12 19.2.5 13.30.12 13.22.13 10.25.14 14.31.11 6.5.7 12.22.7 3.11.9 16.47.8 14.11.3 7.2.7 10.21.14 12.25.11 1.26.3 19.31.8 11.22.5 14.11.4 11.24.1 8.30.11 9.12.9 10.13.4 14.44.4 4.42.8

TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


gains other other depth extra drive upper claim alert track incur opens night again lower takes other order lines seeks early extra parts local above

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


SHUSH   /   DZEH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   NO-DA-IH   /   MA-E   /   A-KHA   /   GAH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   TKIN   /   DIBEH   /   THAN-ZIE   /   LIN   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   MOASI   /   TKIN   /   CLA-GI-AIH   /   GAH   /   A-KHA   /   MOASI   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   DIBEH-YAZZIE   /   A-KHA   /   MA-E   /   A-KEH-DI-GLINI   /   TKIN   /   AH-JAH   /   DZEH   /   TSAH   /   DZEH   /   GAH   /   DZEH   /   WOL-LA-CHEE   /   TSAH   /   BE   /   BE   /   DZEH   /   MOASI   /   GAH

BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF


RBOQTLDNREOPQQCSORQTKKDEQX


TCIGIJFKTVEAWXHQRWMASDQPCZZSFURWXXVIHSKCGLTBKH

THE REPORTS OF MY DEATH HAVE BEEN GREATLY EXAGGERATED


UVYY PVCU REHF RFYV ARNE NYTR OENG BRAP ELCG OYBP XFBS YRGG REF

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS

ROT-13 is Caesar with shift 13 — it is its own inverse.


HOAVGRYDPYEJZS


MDSJQ CLWIP KTJMG LRTNP XMWVB KOTXU SVQZG TCDPH ECSVN ZECPP LGIGU KQWSL HLYRB BSFTP QHWYS DFVKA OCTAX MIYBT MKSKW FWFKG CTRPT YAIAM ISVLT AGZOC MXMSK RUKBX PZTAX VRAPW VBTGQ ZGLGK EFVTR VWIQX KGINV GQELJ NWTQV AMHPK OAPHY EGWAA ILQJ

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS


37184 37189 37182 37195 37188 37186 37196 37187 37197 37193 37182 37195 37190


BEAVRASAURUVLALKGTX


VOYYJJQYLUMLLLWDHKYXNEQLCDKQLHQDWRPBYJAQFDQSRFVFUNORWTXVVFKEBQYHPFLSDXSOIDJSWBVKZUJCNBONUPHHWTJOLSANOWNVWTEJMXSHTWNSDYPXOVGLPBQGBCUKJZXVUHLQBGYVKFSWVCFFYLMBWFSUDRXAB

ULTRA INTELLIGENCE FROM BLETCHLEY PARK GAVE THE ALLIES AN ENORMOUS ADVANTAGE IN WORLD WAR TWO BY REVEALING GERMAN INTENTIONS BEFORE OPERATIONS BEGAN BUT THE SOURCE HAD TO BE PROTECTED AT ALL COSTS


XLIWHRW LX OGIQWH


BAAAA ABBAB BAABB BAABA AABAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA AAABB AAAAA AABBA BAAAA ABAAA AAABB ABAAA ABBAA AAAAA ABBBA BAAAA AABAA BAAAB AAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAAAB AABAA AAABB AABBA AABAA ABBAB ABABB AABAA BAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAABA ABBBA AAAAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA ABBAA BAABA AABBB AABAA AABAA ABBAA ABAAA AABBA ABABB AAAAA ABABB AAAAA AAABA AABBB ABAAA ABBAA AABAA BAABB BAAAB AABAA AAABB BAAAA ABBAB BAABA ABBAB BAAAA BAAAB BAABA ABBAB AAABA BAAAA AABAA AAAAA BAABA AABAA AAAAA ABBBA ABBAB ABABA BABBA AAAAA ABABA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA AAAAB AABAA BAABA ABAAA AAABA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA

ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


65 37 59 87 28 29 63 27 88 79 36 39 36 56 88 75 47 39 33 37 59 56 35 46 64 36 59 88 57 46 55 36 87 88 25 57 65 27 66 79 47 30 64 56 59 55 25 59 33 56 75 77 28 39 36 56 87 98 48 60 72 27 86 98 36 27 63 43 78 66 28 30 43

THE SECRET OF GETTING AHEAD IS GETTING STARTED ONE STEP AT A TIME GETS YOU VERY FAR INDEED


AFXGGAGDGAXGDDAGAAGGAGFDFXGD


NSONGAGDVGVXWOQ


JPKBKGHAANPRRBXPRCUOURJPPVGFHJKPVHQIXXZPFPKGZTNYYXNMLLNYMHDESJLNGXFPGWCOKPHAJO

DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


11 33 11 21 21 24 33 15 13 24 35 23 15 42 11 35 35 31 24 15 43 11 31 24 33 15 11 42 21 45 33 13 44 24 34 33 44 34 15 11 13 23 31 15 44 44 15 42 44 23 15 24 33 14 15 53 34 21 13 34 24 33 13 24 14 15 33 13 15 24 43 11 45 43 15 21 45 31 13 31 45 15 33 15 51 15 42

AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE NEVER

Polybius square: 5×5 grid maps letters to two-digit row-column pairs.


GEHZCIBQVWXTW


50 29 11 82 73 69 76 52 69 50 29 52 50 11 82 29 52 82 77 82 68 61 59 80 82 61 57 82 66 66 82 80 76 80 82 72 59 82 29 52 43 11 50 61 66 80 50 20 59 66 50 69 29

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION

Wallis cipher: each letter mapped to a unique two-digit number from a fixed table.


EQT OWFZFOZ ETFE SZYXF GTJTWETX FTHCTYUTF EK XTETGLZYT EQT OTN MTYREQ KS W BZRTYTGT UZJQTG OTN

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


MQOJNBQWAYNLGDLMARBSA


NSRVVQIUPKZWBIALZVACEPHVDIHYAMRKQQRHDZWNWTQLKPWTWWCKFZWECTYVXFFZUTKWTKSOCRZUVLRZDMG

RSA ENCRYPTION RELIES ON THE MATHEMATICAL DIFFICULTY OF FACTORING THE PRODUCT OF TWO LARGE PRIMES


20 8 5 12 9 2 18 1 18 25 16 18 5 19 5 18 22 5 19 11 14 15 23 12 5 4 7 5 6 15 18 20 8 5 3 15 13 13 21 14 9 20 25 15 16 5 14 19 15 21 18 3 5 20 15 15 12 19 1 12 12 15 23 9 14 4 5 16 5 14 4 5 14 20 22 5 18 9 6 9 3 1 20 9 15 14

THE LIBRARY PRESERVES KNOWLEDGE FOR THE COMMUNITY OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION


UQ UZ PLQQLV QC VLDYUX ZUELXQ YXM PL QGCIHGQ Y JCCE QGYX QC ZBLYW YXM VLDCRL YEE MCIPQ

IT IS BETTER TO REMAIN SILENT AND BE THOUGHT A FOOL THAN TO SPEAK AND REMOVE ALL DOUBT


ASBSTHLRSCNOSAOATTESAYTMICENTSOHSDSECWCRSOESITOIPLOOESRARYOPESTPETOASWNLINNOTDANSOHAPNRHIICFSANAURCARECRAEOTNAYBLGLSTRGIRHOTNUSGNPUSXEEAYECSETRTLRACATOXIDNPSAAREATDEMLTIBX

A SCYTALE IS A ROD USED BY SPARTANS TO ENCRYPT MESSAGES HISTORICAL CIPHERS ARE TEACHERS NOT PROTECTION A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG


ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


YODGMNAPFVDJVJDCISHFCGBRDROPZNPKWFROXVIKJEPQIOGSJDPGLSGXNAWBWGWOPEVRGXVCVMQMYRTGCERHGBLNGSJEEWSDDQCDBCMKGCTRVGSMIBJISHTLDZDODJOXHGWHXGMHSEDNPLXRJZKF

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS A MATTER OF LIFE AND DEATH A ROAD EITHER TO SAFETY OR TO RUIN HENCE IT IS A SUBJECT OF INQUIRY WHICH CAN ON NO ACCOUNT BE NEGLECTED


QAI GLOT BP HY PAIMAIOT B PAJGG KLQ WJKQ AI HJFIQA HI QL GBI TLWK BK EOIIK MJPQROIP AI GIJTIQA HI UIPBTI QAI PQBGG WJQIOP AI OIPQLOIQA HY PLRG AI GIJTIQA HI BK QAI MJQAP LC OBEAQILRPKIPP CLO ABP KJHI PJFI

THE LORD IS MY SHEPHERD I SHALL NOT WANT HE MAKETH ME TO LIE DOWN IN GREEN PASTURES HE LEADETH ME BESIDE THE STILL WATERS HE RESTORETH MY SOUL HE LEADETH ME IN THE PATHS OF RIGHTEOUSNESS FOR HIS NAME SAKE


XWFOVULRTNUKCKJIEOILKMSUYJKIMOIXPLTKNIUCWNVCOIOCVGOAKNZJQBVFLNOOPJOSWSRXOQNVWSSLTDBU

CODED TRANSMISSION INDICATES ENEMY FORCES ASSEMBLING ALONG THE BORDER WITH HEAVY ARTILLERY UNITS


BJ YMJ UJTUQJ TK YMJ ZSNYJI XYFYJX NS TWIJW YT KTWR F RTWJ UJWKJHY ZSNTS JXYFGQNXM OZXYNHJ NSXZWJ ITRJXYNH YWFSVZNQNYD UWTANIJ KTW YMJ HTRRTS IJKJSXJ UWTRTYJ YMJ LJSJWFQ BJQKFWJ FSI XJHZWJ YMJ GQJXXNSLX TK QNGJWYD

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE AND SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY


YANKEEDOEOLD


41 64 11 33 65 28 57 63 77 11 75 20 28 18 11 28 36 24 29 27 42 59 11 25 33 20 87 61 64 39 44 59 28 77 71 75 42 20 11 28 63 27 75 59 87 38 88 42 20 11 58 28 63 46 11 68 87 34 28 77 65 33 59 63 61 64 37 11 21 87 61 64 28 57 65 69 44 33

BLESSED ARE THE MEEK FOR THEY SHALL INHERIT THE EARTH AND THE PEACEMAKERS SHALL BE CALLED SONS


YVLYDCTQGFVMAES


1672 0472 0285 1421 0472 0285 1255 1421 0472 0285 1255 0285 0347 0918 1255 0285 1821 0285 0285 0012 1421 0918 1255 0219 1255 0538 0856 0667 0918 1255 1672 0472 0012 1421 1346 0918 0285 1599 0285 1255 1821 0285 0219 0918 0219 0918 0012 0729 0729 1421 0918 1421 0472 0285 0408 0729 0918 1255 1821 0918 0347 0408 0918 0219 0347 0918 1255 1421 0472 0285 0285 0012 1255 1421 0472 0538 1346 1421 0472 0285 0729 0918 1255 0219 1346 0012 0856 0219 1421 0472 0285 0347 1503 0729 0729 0856 0285 1346 1346 1421 0472 0285 1255 0285 0918 0347 1421 0472 0285 1672 0918 1255 0729 0219 0012 0856 0219 1421 0472 0285 1821 1421 0472 0012 1421 0219 1672 0285 0729 0729 1421 0472 0285 1255 0285 0538 0856

WHETHER THEREFORE YE EAT OR DRINK OR WHATSOEVER YE DO DO ALL TO THE GLORY OF GOD FOR THE EARTH IS THE LORDS AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF THE WORLD AND THEY THAT DWELL THEREIN


ZG PBD B EAZTWG HRIK KBV ZO BUAZI BOK GWN HIRHFD PNAN DGAZFZOT GWZAGNNO BHARDD GWN HZGV

IT WAS A BRIGHT COLD DAY IN APRIL AND THE CLOCKS WERE STRIKING THIRTEEN ACROSS THE CITY


FFADADDAAAGFDFADXDADFXDFFAGFFVFVDVGGFDFXAFVVGAAAGGFVFDADDDGXAXADDXDADADXDXFADXAXGGAAXVVFXAAFADGGXFXADAAADAAAADAXGVDFDDAFFAFFFXDXFXDDGXDVDADADV

TO INFINITY AND BEYOND THE FRONTIER OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE CALLS TO EACH GENERATION ANEW


4.44.12 3.21.7 1.5.3 6.6.7 6.12.12 2.6.13 8.34.15 7.9.8 4.8.12 7.22.11 17.45.3 9.44.4 5.17.13 20.11.4 17.42.6 8.6.2 19.44.10 19.20.5 20.37.4 17.17.8 19.49.4 3.45.15 1.34.1 6.41.6 7.30.8 18.11.3 18.32.5 8.16.11 8.33.9 2.21.11 14.48.5 18.13.15 14.2.6 12.21.7 2.18.6 10.27.3 4.29.1 13.30.3 5.8.12 20.50.12 12.22.6 4.34.8 3.12.5 2.41.9 13.16.9 11.48.13 2.5.6 4.19.7 19.50.6 20.10.9 19.15.1 18.8.5 13.42.7 16.20.5 6.7.15 8.44.15 10.25.7 20.26.9 7.20.5 2.25.15 2.48.11 19.18.9 19.48.12 20.8.14 3.15.8 12.19.1 5.41.4 5.20.5 4.33.4 9.29.12 20.31.6 7.44.1 2.39.14 5.22.14 3.19.12

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING


82 39 2 15 25 14 58 93 70 24 67 34 72 80 48 33 81 49 24 4 2 86 66 91 94 87 3 49 67 11 82 15 52 60 17 23 67 45 4 67 23 40 1 35 88 49 15 22

ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


YVVIIMFLBUKEIMFLKUGCXIKSNS


KXHVOETQTXZINCVRYY


HKFSUPRKUASBNOFLCUWOFMJIDLLOCWGETLFQGWIQYZZUMLCVDDHNWGNRQRWUOYVXHNLUBSAMALZOSJRECAZJ

VENONA REVEALED THAT NUMEROUS SOVIET AGENTS HAD PENETRATED THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE US GOVERNMENT


MMYMJ CBNGG KABZG GKCPH DMPIH HEWPC YCWHU QCLRZ RWNSY VLEXH UGALV JHXYM LJQWK CPJHV ITMWT SWRPH UAPMA AUWPL WMXPK XBGAX KXBED HKNLA TMPWC U

DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING

Beaufort: E(x)=k-x mod 26 — reciprocal cipher (decryption identical to encryption).


HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS

Morse code: dots and dashes; word-separated by / symbol.


TSWIUJMHJGRVSPXZWZIKIEELDINLOADIITZSGHIIXWMESRVWDNLWLJUWJNETXKKMAJCNZAIATJZFERRVH

OBSERVATION EXPERIMENT AND REASON ARE THE THREE PILLARS OF ALL SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY AND PROGRESS


6.5.4 9.5.7 8.2.2 5.4.4 16.1.10 20.1.10 12.4.10 9.4.1 13.3.6 20.5.5 4.6.10 14.6.6 8.5.8 19.1.6 5.1.4 12.6.9 16.4.3 9.2.9 8.3.6 17.2.4 10.5.5 7.3.1 15.2.7 7.1.8 14.6.5 5.1.8 5.5.8 16.1.6 12.2.6 13.1.2 4.2.7 6.2.8 2.6.3 6.2.5 15.1.5 8.5.8 17.3.8 15.1.10 12.6.1 19.5.9 20.4.8 17.1.6 20.2.2 15.6.7 10.6.2 4.4.1 18.5.4 10.2.9 14.1.10 1.5.6 10.6.1 17.4.3 14.3.5 3.2.8 6.3.3 15.4.8 12.3.10 9.1.1 17.2.8 15.5.10 7.4.10 4.4.2 4.5.4 6.2.1 19.6.2 14.2.3 15.1.9 4.6.2 9.6.1 12.3.9 12.6.5 17.6.8 5.1.9 15.5.1 4.2.4 16.1.6 9.1.2 9.5.8 14.3.5 1.5.7 3.4.10 4.6.8 2.5.3 8.1.6 3.2.3 18.4.8 13.4.1 12.3.2 5.3.3 19.6.9 9.1.3 11.5.1 17.2.6 3.6.4 7.3.1 8.3.5 2.6.3 20.4.4 2.6.7 14.4.2 9.3.1 13.5.4 7.3.6 4.4.6 7.1.4 12.4.2 8.2.9 18.2.2 16.1.5 10.6.1 3.4.6 16.2.7 1.3.7 8.5.8 15.1.7 6.2.1 17.6.9 7.3.2 20.6.1 9.4.6 14.6.10 8.4.8 1.1.10 3.3.1 10.1.9 14.1.6 14.1.3

DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS ALAN TURING BROKE ENIGMA WITH CRIBS AND THE BOMBE MACHINE A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE


YWDXJEJWUIPGZICHSEQPVTZQXIEBPPMGNIZFQEPXUXARCDVZRKQOAHMNAIGHVROSXFWDQGYEFAGDWFWXLMLMVQCHBNZAHZCOFJGFSVRDHELJSLJDUAMPAYQNPMMCGRHRIUEGURSYCLHNTBTFTDVSJGG

TIMES ARE BAD CHILDREN NO LONGER OBEY THEIR PARENTS AND EVERYONE IS WRITING A BOOK IT SEEMS TO ME THAT THE YOUNG HAVE ALWAYS AND WILL ALWAYS BE AN UNRULY GENERATION FULL OF FOOLISHNESS


04 01 18 23 09 14 15 02 19 05 18 22 05 04 20 08 01 20 19 16 05 03 09 05 19 05 22 15 12 22 05 20 08 18 15 21 07 08 14 01 20 21 18 01 12 19 05 12 05 03 20 09 15 14 15 22 05 18 22 01 19 20 19 16 01 14 19 62 07 05 15 12 15 07 09 03 20 09 13 05

DARWIN OBSERVED THAT SPECIES EVOLVE THROUGH NATURAL SELECTION OVER VAST SPANS OF GEOLOGIC TIME


FA SAP NQ FTQ SXADK


CRTEAYETDPTAECXSEEASEABTPIIHRPQIPICREHDLEHOOGAIHUEOMISSITPTRSNRNGFESSPPXAFHHBEISADRRNEELHX

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS DIGRAPH AND TRIGRAPH FREQUENCIES EXPOSE SIMPLE CIPHERS


TOHLIOYNFUALTOIEDOMCSANNBTRAETRAFDHENGOENINEIKDENENAFTNEAEWIYRNOLCGTOWH


75 20 11 46 29 13 77 33 28 69 24 42 27 48 11 64 29 86 28 44 11 43 28 77 57 39 88 27 13 38 65 18 69 29 75 59 42 20 77 69 48 49 59 63 23 11 33

THE COURSE OF TRUE LOVE NEVER DID RUN SMOOTH THROUGH AGES


ABWPREAMJUUIKYJ


TITOESTETTOSARTTIOHAAVMNHEIEEWFIATTLDRRIPCEIFAHFOLTOASR

THE ART OF WAR IS OF VITAL IMPORTANCE TO THE STATE IT IS LIFE OR DEATH


FNYY GWRS RXRN OSIE NELO WNAO GWTE HEBI CION TOCO ESPK TSEE XIYA UUEX FPOT RCIS EDNO EANH DTPC RTVL IEUH

DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD SLOWLY


⟨w22⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a29⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩

SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER

Babington nomenclator: symbol tokens ⟨wNN⟩/⟨aNN⟩ used in the 1586 Babington Plot.


AABB BABA AAAB ABAA BABA AAAB AABA AAAB BBAA ABBB AABA ABAA AABA ABBB AAAB AABA ABAA ABAB ABAA BAAA ABBA AAAB AAAA AAAB AAAA AAAA AABA BAAA BBAA ABAA AAAA BBAA AAAA AAAB AABA ABBA BAAB AAAB BAAA AABA BAAA ABAB BAAB BBAB AABA AAAA BABA BAAB BABA AABA ABAA BBAA ABAB BABA ABAB ABAB AAAB AABA ABAB AABA AABA ABAA AABA AAB

HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS


FOR I AM PERSUADED THAT NEITHER DEATH NOR LIFE NOR ANGELS NOR PRINCIPALITIES NOR POWERS NOR THINGS PRESENT NOR THINGS TO COME NOR HEIGHT NOR DEPTH NOR ANY OTHER CREATURE SHALL BE ABLE TO SEPARATE US FROM THE LOVE OF GOD


5027 04796 3833 7945 00408 3816 5039 02597 00349 0645 01585 06326 02904 00980 01000 2898 5029 02599 1635 05737 05993 06598 05998 1644 04130 6648 03826 6365 2839 5057 3808 01594 0353 03835 5052 02512 0355 0723 1601 6336 05967 2577 02838 01887 06287 05971 1926 05720 1595 05406 06613 01618 04416 01023 07920 00381 04467 0327 3826 7872 05987 02923 6053 01013 00333 4400 05674 1619 06925 01611 00382 03829 07244 1655 00362 03463 0980 02906 5061 02597 01570 05698 6061 5988 6630 0628 6026 6298 02912 6345 06613 06379 02868 4755 04419 01039 2879 5100 02590 1666 5720 06056 04168 0361 5063 01591 0355 00943 2586 03779 01658 6324 06361 1599 5689 6366 4783 00342 01322 2899 01943 01896 01579 05701 01648 04411 06297 03800 01605 6285 6311 01639 05679 01017 5687 7879 5042 06354 4729 2239 5745 00329 5110 02529 07924 5683 1645 7266 00320 5723 1298 6014 05044 00350 6348 02862 01588 04458 0946 1657 00357 4480 1336 01011 00404 05669 01625 01922 06620 03830 6324 2566 02904 04472 3532 02871 4478 2235

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING

Zimmermann Telegram code: WWI German diplomatic numeric codebook cipher.


WJAMZDIBQWVMFXMZQUMVBIVLZMIAWVIZMBPMBPZMMXQTTIZAWNITTAKQMVBQNQKQVYCQZGIVLXZWOZMAA


EJJT KTVN OLXJ MOHL JJHB KGDH OXML RKXY HXAX LBLR KJMK LXAK DOTX BLRK JYKL XNOH HSVM WYKO COWH KXUV BKTN JYYK NLHS RXHH NXDR KYVB KBHX MKOY OHEK WYOL JKMN YSDL WHJN CBJU HKLL KYB

GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS THE ONE TIME PAD IS THEORETICALLY UNBREAKABLE IF USED CORRECTLY HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS

Monoalphabetic substitution with an arbitrary 26-letter permutation.


72895 52890 11360 09455 86040 34567


HFBMJNFSPMYKFAQTYTAQBYIQQFYTMYBGMJIAFMJIYNIPGYEIIBMKMJBGFKBRJIPYBQMYVJKMAQMJIPMKPEIBIQIYPYIBAQMJJRJQPEAMJIYHIQAEBYQKYTMJIFMJIAMYAQJXSQFYMRGFAPYMGOFYOGKYPJQYSYQFMFQHJMNPYUJGYATJENJ


ALWZYTFCMGJDLVYCAOPNPRHFBBEJERHVNUEFCHLDYMCJIZUFQYTNZZBCHUKKNJHBREHDXFOUFKOCO

THE POWERS NOT DELEGATED TO THE UNITED STATES BY THE CONSTITUTION ARE RESERVED TO THE STATES


TALKEDCDEPIEHGIASREEV


FAXDDDFGXAFXAXFADFFDAXXXDXDGGA


DEUTSCHLAND UBER ALLES IN DER WELT WENN ES STETS ZU SCHUTZ UND TRUTZE BRÜDERLICH ZUSAMMENHÄLT


SQFQELKWBERIYMJD


NETHNELFDHTOITWPAEEALSHTPLTSHDTEOALIATSEINEAUMETNRSHNTECHAPSATDNFRELAHWIOPT

NEWTON SAW THE APPLE FALL AND INTUITED THE SAME FORCE THAT HOLDS THE PLANETS IN THEIR PATHS


AFGVDGGAGGAFADADFAXVDXVGDFFAAFFDGDDFVGGGDDFAAFDFFGGAAVFDDDFGFVAVFFFDFFVAGFDGVGAAGFGFGDGAAFADAADGFGGFGGGDAAFGFDDDFAGFAADFGDDXAFFGVVGDGGVGGVFGFVFF

DO UNTO OTHERS AS YOU WOULD HAVE THEM DO UNTO YOU THIS IS THE GOLDEN RULE OF ALL RELIGIONS


3 15 12 21 13 14 1 18 20 18 1 14 19 16 15 19 9 20 9 15 14 18 5 1 4 19 3 15 12 21 13 14 19 9 14 11 5 25 15 18 4 5 18 7 15 15 4 5 4 21 3 1 20 9 15 14 1 12 20 15 15 12 19 5 24 16 12 1 9 14 20 8 5 9 18 12 9 13 9 20 19 20 8 5 20 18 9 20 8 5 13 9 21 19 3 9 16 8 5 18 1 4 22 1 14 3 5 19 20 8 5 1 12 16 8 1 2 5 20 2 25 15 14 5 16 15 19 9 20 9 15 14 5 1 3 8 12 5 20 20 5 18 16 15 12 25 2 9 21 19 5 14 3 15 4 5 4 12 5 20 20 5 18 19 1 19 16 1 9 18 19 15 6 14 21 13 2 5 18 19 6 18 15 13 15 14 5 20 15 6 9 22 5

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS THE TRITHEMIUS CIPHER ADVANCES THE ALPHABET BY ONE POSITION EACH LETTER POLYBIUS ENCODED LETTERS AS PAIRS OF NUMBERS FROM ONE TO FIVE

Aeneas Tacticus: Greek sequential-number cipher; A=1…Z=26.


oror cheol chor qokedy choldaiin ctaiin sheedy sharal daiin chedal okeedy shaiin shal otaiin okeedy ytaiin ypchol okshy okshy qokedy raiin chedy lkaiin cheol okedy okain otedy ypchol sharal rcheol okedy daiin choldaiin shaiin qokedy daiin qokeedy qokeedy kaiiin okeedy okedy shal aiiin cheol lkaiin otain ykcheol qotedy ytedy qokal chor oror raiin qokal otedy chedal otaiin kaiiin

A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY HILL CIPHER USES LINEAR ALGEBRA TO ENCRYPT BLOCKS OF LETTERS PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN

Voynich manuscript: undeciphered 15th-century script; pseudo-syllabic output.


HONORAHQVEBKOV


BMVODLNLMCOVLKQNIHDLUVXEVLHCODSKQIKRDAWNBGCBNLMCOVLKQOERVVDL

ASK NOT WHAT YOUR COUNTRY CAN DO FOR YOU BUT WHAT YOU CAN DO


09908 09996 09993 09996 09999 09906 09990 09903 09906 09997 09907 09991 09900 09993 09999 09906


TXDUCNTEPOOFHIXNSUCBAORXOEFWYNXTNSICOITNXO

DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION

Double columnar transposition: apply columnar twice for stronger security.


ABBBA AAAAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA ABBAA BABAA ABBAB BAAAA AAABB BAAAB AABBB AABAA ABABA ABBBA AAAAB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA ABAAB ABABB ABBAB ABBAA ABBAB AAAAA ABABA ABBBA AABBB AAAAA AAAAB AABAA BAABA ABAAA AAABA BAAAB BAABB AAAAB BAAAB BAABA ABAAA BAABA BAABB BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAABB ABBAB ABBAA ABBAB BAABA AAABA ABBAB ABBAA AABAB BAABB BAAAB AABAA ABBAB AAAAB AABAB BAABB BAAAB AAABA AAAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB AABAA ABBAA AAABA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AABAA BAAAA BAAAA ABBAB BAAAA AAABA ABBAB BAAAA BAAAA AABAA AAABA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAA ABBAA AAABB AAABB AABAA BAABA AABAA AAABA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAA BAAAA AABAA AABAB BAABB ABBAA AAABB AAAAA ABABB AABAA ABBAA BAABA AAAAA ABABA BAABA ABBAB BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA AABAA BAAAB BABBA BAAAB BAABA AABAA ABABB BAAAB ABBAB ABBBA AABAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBAB BAABB BAAAA AAABA AABAA BAABA ABBAB ABBAB ABABA BAAAB AAAAA ABABA ABABA ABBAB BABAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA ABBBA AABAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA BAABA BAABB AABAA BAAAA ABAAA AABAB ABAAA AAABA AAAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA

PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION


ZETXGDKBMLAMVEZPRUXVUKNMJKUFYRCZROPWAMGTUQZEAGPJITMPQJWRTSOVBLKASYHFCYCZRERDPR

NAVAL UNITS IN POSITION OFF THE COAST AWAITING SIGNAL TO COMMENCE SHORE BOMBARDMENT AT DAWN


NMOOZEMXHCWYTMJ


CPTFDXFJSGAOKVVXNAPDWLVNXFIRDRBZJDYRAGCXSJYXPVBPFRHDLOUEKIXJFNMHKAHUINOEBIZ


CNGGREA JBEQF URYC OERNX ZBABNYCUNORGVP FHOFGVGHGVBA NA NSSVAR PVCURE NCCYVRF N YVARNE SHAPGVBA GB RNPU YRGGRE PELCGBTENCUL ERJNEQF CNGVRAPR NAQ PNERSHY GUVAXVAT

PATTERN WORDS HELP BREAK MONOALPHABETIC SUBSTITUTION AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING


BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAB ABAAA AABAB ABAAA AAABB AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AAABA ABBAB ABABB AAAAB ABAAA ABBAA AABAA BAAAB AAAAA ABBBA ABBAB ABABA BABBA AAAAB ABAAA BAABB BAAAB BAAAB ABBBB BAABB AAAAA BAAAA AABAA BABAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB BAABA BAAAA AAAAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB ABAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAB AABAA AAAAA BAABB AABAB ABBAB BAAAA BAABA ABAAA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AABAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA BAAAA ABBAB AAABA AAAAA ABABA ABBAB AABAB BAABB ABAAA AABBA AABAA ABBAA AABAA BAAAA AABAA AAAAA ABBAA AAABB AAABB AABAA AAABA BAAAA BABBA ABBBA BAABA BAAAB ABAAA BAABA BAAAB AABAA ABABA AABAB AAAAB BAAAA BAABB BAABA AABAA AABAB ABBAB BAAAA AAABA AABAA BABAA ABBAB BAAAA ABAAB BAAAB ABBAB ABBAA ABABA BABBA BABAA AABBB AABAA ABBAA BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAB AABAA BABBA BAAAB ABBBA AAAAA AAABA AABAA ABAAA BAAAB BAAAB ABABB AAAAA ABABA ABABA

THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL


100 998 810 800 818 808 818 810 808 999 998 819 804 818 819 999 998 805 808 813 803 818 999 998 817 804 815 804 800 819 804 803 999 998 818 804 816 820 804 813 802 804 818 999 103 998 803 804 819 804 817 812 808 813 804 999 100 998 810 804 824 999 998 811 804 813 806 819 807 999 101 105 998 821 808 806 804 813 804 817 804 999 998 802 808 815 807 804 817 999 998 810 804 824 999

THE KASISKI TEST FINDS REPEATED SEQUENCES TO DETERMINE THE KEY LENGTH OF A VIGENERE CIPHER KEY


ZAPBLN JTLOSAY HMP LTMTTSHL AC AMUAX LFBDLTMGB L MIJFGF CQALH YAXXB BSNNNN PQWYWGRH

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS A STRONG CLAIM NEEDS STRONG EVIDENCE


BCSA FBHEQR GBBYF OYYBJ NAQSCNANRAG ISEVTVQOGVBA

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION


AWKSUVXQYXJWITP


NBVXVJOZEASEFRBXDKZXFVJDSZGFQIQFZOMVKEUPGPDUAMMXDXPZCUGUWFXLBASLZTZTIRFWWDNZJDS

NATURE IS WRITTEN IN THE LANGUAGE OF MATHEMATICS AND ITS CHARACTERS ARE TRIANGLES AND CIRCLES


JRSASCFIEEAGKERTEEMNCHTNPUHUDENISRRLRNVRUDTNEHEDEHARAIDEKUENEC

JEDER MENSCH HAT ANSPRUCH AUF DIE IN DIESER ERKLARUNG VERKUNDETEN RECHTE


44 23 15 11 42 13 23 24 44 15 13 44 45 42 15 43 23 34 45 31 14 32 11 25 15 32 24 43 45 43 15 23 11 42 14 15 42 13 42 54 35 44 34 22 42 11 35 23 54 42 15 52 11 42 14 43 35 11 44 24 15 33 13 15 11 33 14 13 11 42 15 21 45 31 44 23 24 33 25 24 33 22 14 24 21 21 24 15 11 33 14 23 15 31 31 32 11 33 24 33 44 42 34 14 45 13 15 14 35 45 12 31 24 13 25 15 54 13 42 54 35 44 34 22 42 11 35 23 54 24 33 33 24 33 15 44 15 15 33 43 15 51 15 33 44 54 43 24 53 43 45 12 43 44 24 44 45 44 24 34 33 13 24 35 23 15 42 43 32 11 35 15 11 13 23 31 15 44 44 15 42 44 34 11 14 24 21 21 15 42 15 33 44 31 15 44 44 15 42 23 34 33 15 43 44 31 54

THE ARCHITECTURE SHOULD MAKE MISUSE HARDER CRYPTOGRAPHY REWARDS PATIENCE AND CAREFUL THINKING DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INTRODUCED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER HONESTLY


HAPH ALER SACE SATH YBTB EXXS TONI SIOR EPED TEHF TI

CAESAR SHIFTED THE ALPHABET BY THREE POSITIONS


BBIBQNFMYKZEMALDWUVJZPDFDMVARZYUUYNHVOKRJMQRNAREWCSLMRYDALMTQBMRTICMPYBNL

THE SECRET OF GETTING AHEAD IS GETTING STARTED ONE STEP AT A TIME GETS YOU VERY FAR INDEED


23 05 08 15 12 04 20 08 05 19 05 20 18 21 20 08 19 63 02 05 19 05 12 06 05 22 09 04 05 14 20 20 08 01 20 01 12 12 13 05 14 01 18 05 03 18 05 01 20 05 04 05 17 21 01 12

WE HOLD THESE TRUTHS TO BE SELF EVIDENT THAT ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL


BWQEUXYSVQTLYSQXJPKZR


AABA AABB AABA ABAB AAAA ABBA BABB BABA BBAA BABB AABA AAAA AABA AABB AABB BAAA AAAB AABA AABB AABB ABBA AAAA BAAA BAAB AAAA BAAB AAAA AAAB AAAA BBAA BAAB ABAB BAAB AAAA BBAA AAAA AAAA BBAB AAAB AAAB BAAB ABAA AAAB AAAA AAAB BAAB BBAA BAAB AAAA BBAB ABBA AAAA ABBA AAAB AABB BAAB AAAB AAAA BABA BBAB BAAA AAAA BAAA BAAB ABAA ABBA BBAA AAAB AABB AAAB ABBA BABB AAAB ABAB ABBA BABA AAAB BBAA BAAA BBAA BAAB AAAB BBAA BAAA BAAB AABA ABAB BABA AABA BBBA AAAA AAAA BAAA BAAA BAAA BAAA BBAA ABAB ABBA AAAA ABAB AABA BAAA BABA AAAA ABAA AABA BAAA ABAA BABA ABBA BBAA ABAA BAAA AABB ABAA ABAA ABAA AAAA BBBA ABBA BBAA ABBA ABAB AABB BAAA AAAB AAAB BAAA BBAB BAAB AAAA AABA AABA BABA ABBA BAAB BAAA AAAA BBAA

ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL FAIL CLOSED IS A POSTURE NOT A SLOGAN


THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER SUBSTITUTION CIPHERS MAP EACH LETTER TO A DIFFERENT LETTER


34 35 15 33 43 34 45 42 13 15 44 34 34 31 43 11 31 31 34 52 24 33 14 15 35 15 33 14 15 33 44 51 15 42 24 21 24 13 11 44 24 34 33 22 34 34 14 15 14 45 13 11 44 24 34 33 11 31 44 34 34 31 43 15 53 35 31 11 24 33 44 23 15 24 42 31 24 32 24 44 43

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION GOOD EDUCATIONAL TOOLS EXPLAIN THEIR LIMITS


SIIPUNWERAEGZTLOUXQW


KRCGNNJXWKRSGTOTBUOD


838 843 811 813 852 839 999 813 840 807 852 872 847 858 826 844 841 999 825 854 999 840 844 859 999 804 851 844 830 813 840 999 805 872 999 833 812 859 858 813 853 999 815 851 813 850 861 814 840 806 872 999 814 853 851 842 852 999 808 843 851 851 812 807 857 825 842 840 999 800 839 809 999 811 812 858 812 806 857 825 842 839 999 801 853 812 999 817 860 841 809 801 838 813 840 857 801 833 999 859 842 999 856 812 807 860 852 814 999 855 873 854 858 812 836 855 999 816 851 826 812 810 836 802 841 999 814 856 857 824 836 800 858 812 811 999 831 813 872 999 835 814 841 819 858 823 999 817 852 843 837 999 855 858 802 859 824 855 857 824 807 856 999

MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS FRIEDMAN ESTIMATED KEY LENGTH FROM STATISTICS

Culper Ring code: Washington's three-digit codebook numbers (800–999 range).


OSOCEFSMEWDGODSLEAL


PNRF NEFU VSGR QGUR NYCU NORG OLGU ERRC BFVG VBAF


UVQTOVJGDTGCEJ


PTAOTNDIDHNFIJCCDCZASLOWYDJDOJXPOIWNKXABAFDWXLPTMJQDAWFYCSKQOUTLVGHG

COWARDS DIE MANY TIMES BEFORE THEIR DEATHS THE VALIANT NEVER TASTE DEATH BUT ONCE


LABAB HABAB ZUZUZ WAZUZ BAZUZ ZAZUZ KAZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ XUZUZ KABAB MUBAB FABAB PABAB ZUZUZ KAZUZ GAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ FAZUZ GAZUZ FAZUZ LAZUZ DAZUZ BAZUZ ZAZUZ GAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ FABAB BABAB ZUZUZ JAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ ZAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ ZAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ NAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ QAZUZ BAZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ JAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ CAZUZ GAZUZ HAZUZ SAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ MUBAB JABAB ZABAB HUBAB ZUZUZ KAZUZ SAZUZ RAZUZ SAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ FAZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ DEZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ QIBAB ZUZUZ LAZUZ RAZUZ DAZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ GAZUZ FAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ FAZUZ GAZUZ CEZUZ SAZUZ ZAZUZ LAZUZ SAZUZ RAZUZ XUZUZ FABAB JABAB ZUZUZ DAZUZ BAZUZ BEZUZ XAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ KABAB GEBAB FEBAB ZUZUZ JAZUZ BAZUZ CEZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ BABAB ZUZUZ PAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ ZAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ HAZUZ BEZUZ PAZUZ PAZUZ XUZUZ ZUZUZ QAZUZ GAZUZ BAZUZ XAZUZ BEZUZ WAZUZ GAZUZ XUZUZ

IT IS RATHER FOR US TO BE HERE DEDICATED TO THE GREAT TASK REMAINING BEFORE US THAT FROM THESE HONORED DEAD WE TAKE INCREASED DEVOTION TO THAT CAUSE FOR WHICH THEY GAVE THE LAST FULL MEASURE


THE ONLY THING NECESSARY FOR THE TRIUMPH OF EVIL IS FOR GOOD MEN TO DO NOTHING AT ALL


BXIFMEOBZHFM


IBRMMXJEEQCBYHNAXMJPKWVC


XWXGRPXAJMYYIE


IJODSQNWVZWVIPLGCVVDBNBVGHAYABCLUYRDFNDEKWTTXDYMZCMGNJZFNTQGMNRVHIRL

ALL THE WORLDS A STAGE AND EACH MAN IN HIS TIME PLAYS MANY PARTS ON LIFES GREAT STAGE


GOWYDOGXJXVABPFHRJPGIUXJCOPYCUUOYHSSFARLEFFOAXETAWDMZUELMEPIUEUXRHSHDBKMBPYVVIWTELMUQJNNYKJNUUFJGYBKWIYZSDDAFRPFZZWZQNZQTEDTHXJGOVMXXRTKMYENIULDKNGPZODBCLRALBFMHVIWCNCFKDOW

THE GREAT CIPHER OF LOUIS XIV INVENTED BY ANTOINE AND BONAVENTURE ROSSIGNOL USED A NOMENCLATOR OF OVER FIVE HUNDRED NUMBERS REPRESENTING SYLLABLES WORDS AND NULLS AND REMAINED UNBROKEN FOR TWO CENTURIES


IVPK EDHH GFAT AJKL SLRS MNFS FMPV CGPX HPBL STEZ WDIX AA

POLYALPHABETIC CIPHERS USE MULTIPLE ALPHABET SHIFTS

Running-key cipher: Vigenère with a very long key (e.g. a book passage).


ZNNIRCXGZCBNWKBTXUK


OLGKKSJLDVCSIXUYWUASEVREJSUHQZZLKQRBTRSPLJEVONKRZRFRTGDFIEMOZQNQFDLGJVONRBEYFG

SCIENCE WITHOUT RELIGION IS LAME AND RELIGION WITHOUT SCIENCE IS BLIND SAID ALBERT EINSTEIN


AYXWLL MCCMEL


ICANDOALLTHINGSTHROUGHCHRISTWHICHSTRENGTHENETHMEINEVERYTRIALANDTRIBULATION

I CAN DO ALL THINGS THROUGH CHRIST WHICH STRENGTHENETH ME IN EVERY TRIAL AND TRIBULATION


DRILOEPGUUIJLATUC


AXAGGFFGDFFADAFAXAFADXDDGFXFFFDAXAAA


AIVTAEAPMRLAGERANIA


PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS THE DETECTIVE STUDIES PATTERNS BEFORE MAKING CLAIMS BRUTE FORCE WORKS ONLY WHEN THE KEY SPACE IS SMALL

Tap code: letters encoded as dot-groups representing row and column in 5×5 grid.


WPCUCMPAQUPWPFSDCUMTICRWWPCUMTOSWBXCALWPPWPFBIQLBTZMMTWLDBEZDHTMSUOMHZHZ

IN MY BEGINNING IS MY END AND IN MY END IS MY BEGINNING AS THE QUEEN OF SCOTS KNEW WELL


ZVVZCNIWBAWMIOWAAZGYMLPAZNMYRJFKRETSNLFXUTYEAJKTRLFGXKJFVLCAPVSXTRUM


AAAA BAAB AAAA AAAB AABB AABA BABB ABBA AAAB AABA ABAA ABAA ABBA ABAA ABBB AABA ABAA AAAA BAAA AABA ABAA AABB BABA AAAA BBAB AAAB AAAA AAAB ABAA BBAB AABA BBAA BBAB AAAA ABBA AABA AABB AAAA BAAB AAAA AABA AAAA AAAB BAAA AABB AAAB BAAB AAAA ABAB AAAA BABB AABB BABA ABAB AAAB ABAA ABAA BABA AABA ABAA ABAB AAAB ABAA BAAB AABB AABA ABAA AABA BBAB AAAB BABB ABAA ABBA ABAA ABAA ABAB BABB AAAA BAAA ABAA AAAB BBAA ABAA AAAA BBAA AABB BABB ABAB BAAA ABAA BAAA BBAA BABA ABAA ABBB BAAA AAAB AAAA AAAB AABA ABAB BABB ABAA ABBA ABAA ABAB AAAB BBBA ABBA BABB AAAA AABB AABA AAAA ABAA AAAA AAAA BBAA AAAA AAAB ABAB AAAB AAAB BABB AABB BAAB AABB BABA ABBB AABA BAAA BAAB BBAB BABB AABB ABAB AAAA BBBA AABA ABBB ABBA BBAB AAAA AAAA BABA ABAB ABAA AAAA BAAA AAAA BAAA BABB ABAB BAAA BAAA ABBA AAAB BABA AABB AABA AABA AABB BABA AAB

BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL HUMAN READABLE OUTPUT SHOULD SHOW ALL REASONING STEPS


DHPZJWLIVYABEMPQASPJWCQZQUCIOELFCRLGXFYBYQUVLMURSXVNWAOKSVAZKEMFSMGCPBAFWEQZZZJNCVGMJCONVFYXJHIWNEFXFFBACEYOLSPCDSESLRQXVWLKBVIWDKTKULTEJ

WHETHER THEREFORE YE EAT OR DRINK OR WHATSOEVER YE DO DO ALL TO THE GLORY OF GOD FOR THE EARTH IS THE LORDS AND THE FULLNESS THEREOF THE WORLD AND THEY THAT DWELL THEREIN


⟨w08⟩ ⟨w04⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a17⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a23⟩ ⟨w40⟩ ⟨a13⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w28⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w32⟩ ⟨a25⟩ ⟨w14⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w08⟩ ⟨a01⟩ ⟨w22⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w20⟩ ⟨w34⟩ ⟨a19⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a07⟩ ⟨w26⟩

A MODEL CAN CLASSIFY PATTERNS BUT IT CAN ALSO BE WRONG


HJGGFTHFJAPBXHJLPGEFPOFHOHUHKLLAYKBJMEKLGVHPBTHOLAQBXGVBQAESFPYGSLSLIFGBHPYKFQTLHAQHKFH

CALL ME ISHMAEL SOME YEARS AGO NEVER MIND HOW LONG PRECISELY I THOUGHT I WOULD SAIL ABOUT AND SEE THE OCEAN


⟨a18⟩ ⟨w02⟩ ⟨a11⟩ ⟨w06⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w10⟩ ⟨a12⟩ ⟨a15⟩ ⟨a18⟩ ⟨n02⟩ ⟨a12⟩ ⟨w15⟩ ⟨w36⟩ ⟨w07⟩ ⟨w10⟩


RQCBSLRQGQZIFRFJFZWZTTFEXJHFMXGHSKRQGQPWFLAEUQGIYQRXSLDGYOOWZIRBITSOUEBIWJKRUEMOUQPA

SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE OR SIGINT INVOLVES INTERCEPTION AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS


AAABA ABBAB ABABA BAABB ABABB ABBAA AAAAA BAAAA BAABA BAAAA AAAAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBBA ABBAB BAAAB ABAAA BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA BAAAA AABAA AAAAA AAABB BAAAB AAABA ABBAB ABABA BAABB ABABB ABBAA BAAAB ABAAA ABBAA ABAAB AABAA BABBA ABBAB BAAAA AAABB AABAA BAAAA BAABA AABBB AABAA AAAAB AABAA BAAAB BAABA ABABA AABAA BAAAB BAAAB ABBAB ABBAA BAAAB BAAAB AABBB ABBAB BABAA BABAA AABBB AABAA BAAAA AABAA BAABA AABBB AABAA ABABB AABAA BAABA AABBB ABBAB AAABB AABAB AAAAA ABAAA ABABA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA BABAB ABBAB AABAB AAABA ABBAB ABAAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA ABAAA BAAAB AAAAA BAABB BAAAB AABAA AABAB BAABB ABABA AAABA ABABA BAABB AABAA AAABA ABABA AAAAA BAAAB BAAAB ABAAA AAABA AAAAA ABABA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA AABBB AABAA BAAAA BAAAB BAABA AABAA AAAAA AAABA AABBB BABAA AABBB BABBA ABABB ABBAB AAABB AABAA BAAAA ABBAA BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA ABAAA BAABA BABBA ABABB AAAAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA BAAAB AAAAA ABABA BABAA AAAAA BABBA BAAAB

COLUMNAR TRANSPOSITION READS COLUMNS IN KEY ORDER THE BEST LESSONS SHOW WHERE THE METHOD FAILS THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS ALWAYS


IPMEUIFMJOF


enemy north troop radio outer posts years march enter among shore units roads early shore under north claim enter roads turns array input naval three

ENTROPY MEASURES UNCERTAINTY IN A DISTRIBUTION TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS

Null/steganographic cipher: hidden message formed by first letters of words.


HWMPTJNMKSZMYKWWAFXANSAMVEXJXIHJSXIEJZGCSWOJKZAXIUWWLFHRMIYKETXNNLPYBJENWZXHJFMYYMSNDBPXELWLLAQNOKJKKGGOZTXHJENNRJTUMHZTXYFDXGCJTGEXKWWNZLXIPQCZNYWCWUFSMNRCKZENNQQYKDOEVAHNNOXTMMD

WE THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES IN ORDER TO FORM A MORE PERFECT UNION ESTABLISH JUSTICE INSURE DOMESTIC TRANQUILITY PROVIDE FOR THE COMMON DEFENSE PROMOTE THE GENERAL WELFARE AND SECURE THE BLESSINGS OF LIBERTY


6 18 5 17 21 5 14 3 25 1 14 1 12 25 19 9 19 3 1 14 18 5 22 5 1 12 23 5 1 11 3 9 16 8 5 18 19

FREQUENCY ANALYSIS CAN REVEAL WEAK CIPHERS


GPHVFJNYHPLAQXXIVE


DIKBTBPPDHELSGPPTPVEQUGAHIBLICDFZTUWBILKRAHGVTNNTPGUDAOUDWDOUVLCZSHALHTPDDVEUWRGTPFY

DIFFIE AND HELLMAN INVENTED PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY IN NINETEEN SEVENTY SIX CHANGING EVERYTHING


IHGXSJSNILTRQYRCAH


UFF OHCNM JLIWYYX NI XYMCAHUNYX LUFFS JICHNM UHX UQUCN ZOLNBYL ILXYLM ZLIG BCAB WIGGUHX HIQ

ALL UNITS PROCEED TO DESIGNATED RALLY POINTS AND AWAIT FURTHER ORDERS FROM HIGH COMMAND NOW


AGAGAAAVDDAXDGDGGFFFFFAFAAAVAXAAGXFAAVADDVFGAAVAVFVAGDFFVAGAGDDGXGAFDXGDDVFFAGDFGDFGFGFXGGAAAGDXGAAGAFDXAGADDGDGGGAXAAAGDGGGAAAFDVFGDFGFDFAFADDAFAADGAGG

BLESSED ARE THE PURE IN HEART FOR THEY SHALL SEE GOD AND BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS AMONG US


AZBWHFAGHMMLTRBDMNFGUHWKYYKFATEQRMQAVWZTNKMSXORPZRBLDCSGKECRZTSPHRROBMZFMOAS

THE DEAD DROP ALLOWS AGENTS TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION WITHOUT MEETING FACE TO FACE IN PUBLIC


BPLYCQERMOUJWIVJQDKHJNYSPMYBFGXZJTIAFYPMYBCMYSM

THE QUICK BROWN FOX JUMPS OVER THE LAZY DOG NEAR THE RIVER


GPDKGFUYRZBJRTHD


44 23 15 32 15 43 43 11 22 15 52 11 43 23 24 14 14 15 33 12 45 44 33 34 44 43 15 13 45 42 15 32 34 14 15 42 33 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 24 34 33 24 43 33 34 44 12 42 34 25 15 33 12 54 31 15 44 44 15 42 21 42 15 41 45 15 33 13 54 14 34 45 12 31 15 44 42 11 33 43 35 34 43 24 44 24 34 33 11 35 35 31 24 15 43 13 34 31 45 32 33 11 42 15 33 13 42 54 35 44 24 34 33 44 52 24 13 15 42 34 45 44 15 13 24 35 23 15 42 43 42 15 11 14 11 22 42 24 14 24 33 11 35 42 15 43 13 42 24 12 15 14 22 15 34 32 15 44 42 24 13 35 11 44 44 15 42 33

THE MESSAGE WAS HIDDEN BUT NOT SECURE MODERN ENCRYPTION IS NOT BROKEN BY LETTER FREQUENCY DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE ROUTE CIPHERS READ A GRID IN A PRESCRIBED GEOMETRIC PATTERN


GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH SAID PATRICK HENRY


TLHBCQDYYRCXXZRUGJBBORGPB


MJRJRFEGAWMTWEXMAAGCJEQVEESHRNPVWESMMGMVALGESMQGCMNPWRHRMSFNLUPCEGFMTQQEAASEVB

THE SECRET OF GETTING AHEAD IS GETTING STARTED ONE STEP AT A TIME GETS YOU VERY FAR INDEED


MLSEYAGLAUKJPMBYPGEVNNBBLWTGMBMMGLQBYEWMLVMBYBIUPAPBJPMBTGDPAKIARSTEPALSIAKESFNKIQALPQAPB

THE LIGHT YOU SEE FROM DISTANT STARS LEFT THOSE SUNS THOUSANDS OF YEARS BEFORE YOUR BIRTH


RBHP YSGE NAFC BFNG WBAO CCYW SFQB YHZA OESA PELC GVBA GJVQ S

DOUBLE TRANSPOSITION APPLIES COLUMNAR ENCRYPTION TWICE

Porta: 13-row table polyalphabetic cipher; reciprocal (encrypt = decrypt).


1645 5723 5703 4732 05677 0989 4801 5686 5691 1668 01013 06348 02882 04783 4460 0399 4400 01303 01275 01572 06348 1607 00958 06368 02844 4765 4438 00381 05695 01599 01889 06664 4417 1262 00317 4088 01666 04495 6289 0381 3814 06306 04716 06024 1659 0999 06649 05724 01575 06003 07945 6002 06367 01599 4101 6007 0702 1580 0341 06683 01895 04725 5706 6354 2921 5971 6331 2597 1623 5737 01634 00963 02878 05050 5676 4710 1009 0391 3834 4739 1961 06941 2883 02260 1637 04474 1576 05749 01669 0389 4481 1332 1324 1660 1009 05706 7948 5046 06293 06017 2892 06318 06015 1656 03792 1940 01643 06943 01615 5705 7853 05987 07881 06006 06324 1611 04162 04439 1597 01614 01282 06038 0406 4407 02534 04752 04484 1640 06047 6284 06355 02571 5662 1590 00397 06347 04098 4807 1269 1661 3794 1265 04751 4453 4712 06376 00950 4762 4483 1944 06660 6006 1640 04795 00655 1960 06661 5989 01028 00392 6328 02866 4764 4408 7311 2910 06341 02587 01631 04452 0975 5710 07860 5117 6285 2837 04730 4435

ERROR CORRECTION AND DETECTION ARE FUNDAMENTAL TO SECURE SYSTEMS BEAUFORT IS THE RECIPROCAL OF VIGENERE AND DECRYPTS ITSELF EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL DO NOT CONFUSE OBFUSCATION WITH ENCRYPTION


NQNSUOZIIQGKYOAZYWDYAYRWYMLHBOAHJMRBDDYHTQROQFZDTPKUQPRIFZGATSFHTWPKICEOUECYMZFRTWKUQRGKVBGYYQEBGBCUMZLVZACUPGCHEBJPEQNUVMTHFHUHJQIUMZFLEBGSXWTHEKGZQFILTMDBUZQLEOCTQFVFRVEVPSOUVIMPZU

WILLIAM FRIEDMAN WHO BROKE THE JAPANESE PURPLE CIPHER MACHINE BEFORE THE SECOND WORLD WAR ALSO COINED THE TERM CRYPTANALYSIS AND SPENT HIS CAREER AT THE SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE SERVICE BUILDING AMERICAN CODEBREAKING


KTQSBNHJHJJXBYXRWHZAT


TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE


GGAGFGAFADDAAAVFAAFFGAFAAVDVDVDDVFXXVXDADVGGFDGDXVAFAAAFGAGGFFDDGAAGFAFGFGXFGXGDGVGVVVDGVVXVFVDVGVXDVFXFFDDDVDVFFDGFVFXDFVGDDAFDAFDFAFGFFAFDFAFAFDAA

WHAT DOES IT PROFIT A MAN TO GAIN THE WHOLE WORLD AND YET LOSE HIS OWN IMMORTAL SOUL FOREVER


68 17 23 22 99 66 57 40 2 40 82 21 88 49 99 33 14 43 33 64 3 72 91 76 34 43 60 26 21 58 22 2 91 22 27 63 45 30 92 82 96 63 17 2 67 23 91 66 21 35 93 63 94 48 58

THE ENIGMA MACHINE USED ROTORS TO CREATE A POLYALPHABETIC CIPHER


859 868 843 999 854 850 860 801 851 812 999 806 824 846 821 814 851 999 812 841 808 852 873 847 857 855 999 809 826 820 852 802 847 823 854 999 866 825 859 822 999 857 866 843 999 846 844 834 874 805 825 860 855 999 801 835 846 823 800 805 813 858 855 999 826 839 810 814 869 999 843 817 999 806 843 826 839 806 824 811 813 840 808 813 999 838 812 801 854 860 853 813 854 999 834 813 859 857 814 853 999 816 851 814 850 860 814 841 806 872 999 810 824 855 858 851 826 803 862 857 824 844 840 999

TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION


HCLKRKWASRRKBRWKX


ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA BABAB ABBAB AABAB AAABA ABBAB ABAAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA ABABB AABAA AAAAA BAAAB BAABB BAAAA AABAA BAAAB ABABA AABAA BAABA BAABA AABAA BAAAA AABAB BAAAA AABAA ABBBB BAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA BABBA AAABB ABAAA BAAAB BAABA BAAAA ABAAA AAAAB BAABB BAABA ABAAA ABBAB ABBAA AAAAA BAABA BAAAA AAAAA ABBAA BAAAB ABBBA AAAAA BAAAA AABAA ABBAA BAABA BAABA ABBAB ABBAB ABABA BAAAB AABBB ABBAB BAABB ABABA AAABB BAAAB AABBB ABBAB BABAA ABAAA BAABA BAAAB BAAAA AABAA AAAAA BAAAB ABBAB ABBAA ABAAA ABBAA AABBA ABAAB AABAA BAAAA AAABA ABAAB AABBB ABBAB AABAB AABAB BAAAB ABBBA BAAAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA ABBBA ABABA AABAA BAAAB AAAAA BABBA BAAAB BAABA AABBB AABAA BAAAB BABBA BAAAB BAABA AABAA ABABB ABABB BAABB BAAAB BAABA AAAAB AABAA BAAAB AABAA AAABA BAABB BAAAA AABAA AABAA BAABB AABAA ABBAA ABAAA AABAB AABAA ABBAA AABAA ABABB BABBA ABAAB ABBAA ABBAB BABAA BAAAB AAAAA ABABA AABBA ABBAB BAAAA ABAAA BAABA AABBB ABABB BAABA AABBB AABAA ABAAA ABBAA AAABB AABAA BABAB ABBAB AABAB AAABA ABBAB ABAAA ABBAA AAABA ABAAA AAABB AABAA ABBAA AAABA AABAA ABAAA BAAAB AAAAA BAABB BAAAB AABAA AABAB BAABB ABABA AAABA ABABA BAABB AABAA

INDEX OF COINCIDENCE MEASURES LETTER FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION A TRANSPARENT TOOL SHOULD SHOW ITS REASONING KERCKHOFFS PRINCIPLE SAYS THE SYSTEM MUST BE SECURE EVEN IF ENEMY KNOWS ALGORITHM THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE

Bacon's biliteral cipher: each letter encoded as 5-bit A/B string.


IZRRPCLAIWDRZYMUCKRIRYMOINNQHTYLBXXPJMTCBQYQZJMDLYZJXZYTVWYJLRXJARKPYIXZINWPHZMPPZSK

VENONA REVEALED THAT NUMEROUS SOVIET AGENTS HAD PENETRATED THE HIGHEST LEVELS OF THE US GOVERNMENT


PUBLI CINFR ASTRU CTURE DESER VESCA REFUL DESIX NEVEX YSYST EMNEX DSANH ONESZ THREA TMODX LEZXB

PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE DESERVES CAREFUL DESIGN EVERY SYSTEM NEEDS AN HONEST THREAT MODEL

Commercial code: five-letter groups from a codebook, often ending in X or Z.


31 11 42 15 35 45 12 31 24 41 45 15 21 42 11 33 13 11 24 43 15 15 43 44 24 33 14 24 51 24 43 24 12 31 15 31 11 24 41 45 15 14 15 32 34 13 42 11 44 24 41 45 15 15 44 43 34 13 24 11 31 15

LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE EST INDIVISIBLE LAIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE ET SOCIALE


PRKIXJUTTUKCCKE


WYEVOFVZSNSYG


THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE AN AFFINE CIPHER APPLIES A LINEAR FUNCTION TO EACH LETTER TRANSPOSITION CIPHERS REARRANGE LETTERS WITHOUT SUBSTITUTION THE BIFID CIPHER COMBINES A POLYBIUS SQUARE WITH TRANSPOSITION


GXFDFFDXFFGDXFFXGADAGDDXAXADAADGFGAAFFAFGAAAADFGAGAFAFGDDDXXGFXXGAFDAGGXFGXAAGXDDFAGGGAFAFGAFGADFXAGDAAXADDFAGFAFDFAAFFGFDAAGGGFDAFDAGGXDXXGAXDGFAGGXFXDGXGXAXDADF

GENERAL ORDERS NUMBER ONE ALL COMMUNICATIONS SHALL BE ENCRYPTED USING THE APPROVED CIPHER DISK


DRJESXOFOJEQMIN


WROHVIYNVIYL


20.22.13 13.16.13 8.25.8 2.39.7 13.15.2 16.6.7 11.37.11 19.12.6 2.2.12 2.46.13 3.5.9 10.48.3 2.41.6 14.48.4 17.1.8 20.14.3 20.29.2 8.1.14 4.25.11 13.36.14 14.40.12 13.45.9 7.39.2 9.48.13 17.10.6 14.13.15 10.37.4 5.23.6 8.36.15 2.40.2 2.13.13 20.26.3 17.26.6 2.21.3 8.29.4 4.3.15 4.7.7 20.45.6 11.26.15 9.6.13 11.3.4 3.38.5 1.3.15

OPEN SOURCE TOOLS ALLOW INDEPENDENT VERIFICATION

Book cipher: coordinates (page.line.word) referencing a shared document.


OGPOFV SAQCQSG PK FRHSEEWAU HUS OYBVOPSG FVR WBQSL BT QBWBNWRRNQR WG O GGRTIY QZHS

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET THE INDEX OF COINCIDENCE IS A USEFUL CLUE


YIMCTQENHACUHMRGVXKT


27 25 67 82 43 94 22 99 87 76 52 23 11 67 41 34 22 79 23 58 43 59 99 57 25 88 48 1 30 63 94 2 67 22 60 91 86 45 43 36 14 27 3 48 21 59 63 88 23 34 48 99 87 34 41 63 60 11 52 59 24 58 27 63 17 43 86 66 91 94 68 86 72 63 26 96 92 67 49 14 50 82 96 63 17 27 67 22 60 43 25 94 48 79 93 57 22 15 48 58 33 35 49 63 94 33 58 32 50 48 11 82 58 23 63 48 2 68 59 81 57 80 22 92 86 26 3 62 21 96 27 11 43 49 35 2 30 21 49 63 88 23 58 43 68 33 82 87 17 78 94 41 4 26 62 48 34 15 50 22 87 32 58 49 91 92 4 82 60 91 22 34 11

ATBASH ENCODES BY REVERSING THE ALPHABET TWO SQUARE CIPHER ENCRYPTS DIGRAPHS WITH TWO POLYBIUS ALPHABETS THE VIGENERE CIPHER USES A REPEATING KEYWORD CLASSICAL CIPHERS TEACH WHY MODERN SECURITY MATTERS

Homophonic substitution: each letter maps to multiple possible numbers.


UPVMKMEGKAMAFMOUCVDNELDSZOLFZXXJYDCVBOBWMBKDRDEUBPQEOLBCBSTOTLUFIWGHNNZBHAHHUO

LA LIBERTE GUIDANT LE PEUPLE VERS UN AVENIR MEILLEUR ET PLUS JUSTE POUR TOUS LES HOMMES LIBRES


LGPKGUFNYDJSIHDZKHGIERSABXBXCHJSIVHCETLCCIGELOPZXWTXQDAKDEOCXRMA

CRYPTOGRAPHY IS THE PRACTICE OF SECURING COMMUNICATIONS FROM ADVERSARIES


BGLTTPSDDWVGXHKPALXPPWUQDTETMALLLEVZRFSNQFQBSNZDQHWAHTMALIERKAVFSJBLLALWMH

GALILEO POINTED HIS TELESCOPE AT THE HEAVENS AND CONFIRMED THAT THE EARTH ORBITS THE SUN