There is a famous story, as reported for example by Aelian, according to which Socrates cheerfully rose from his seat during the performance of The Clouds and stood in silent answer to the whispers among foreigners in the festival audience: "Who is Socrates?" Plato appears to have considered The Clouds a contributing factor in Socrates' trial and execution in 399 BC.

The play also, however, remains notorious for its caricature of Socrates and is mentioned in Plato's Apology as a contributor to the philosopher's trial and execution.

Moreover, the trial of Socrates followed Athens' traumatic defeat by Sparta, many years after the performance of the play, when suspicions about the philosopher were fuelled by public animosity towards his disgraced associates such as Alcibiades.

The Aristophanic Socrates is much more interested in physical speculations than is Plato's Socrates, yet it is possible that the real Socrates did take a strong interest in such speculations during his development as a philosopher and there is some support for this in Plato's dialogue Phaedo 96A.

Andrew David Irvine, 2007 – prose, Socrates on Trial: A Play Based on Aristophane's Clouds and Plato's Apology, Crito, and Phaedo Adapted for Modern Performance

Socrates is presented in The Clouds as a petty thief, a fraud and a sophist with a specious interest in physical speculations.

Aristophanes' plays however were generally unsuccessful in shaping public attitudes on important questions, as evidenced by their ineffectual opposition to the Peloponnesian War, demonstrated in the play Lysistrata, and to populists such as Cleon.

In fact one of the plays that defeated The Clouds in 423 was called Connus, written by Ameipsias, and it too lampooned Socrates.

The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia.

Agon: The play has two agons.

It is speculated that this play played a part in the trial and execution of Socrates.


Its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as "galumphing" and "chortle".

The word "jabberwocky" itself has come to refer to nonsense language.

"Jabberwocky " is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English.

"Jabberwocky" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named "the Jabberwock".

Translators have generally dealt with them by creating equivalent words of their own.

Some of the words that Carroll created, such as "chortled" and "galumphing", have entered the English language and are listed in the Oxford English Dictionary.

Burbled: In a letter of December 1877, Carroll notes that "burble" could be a mixture of the three verbs 'bleat', 'murmur', and 'warble', although he did not remember creating it.

Marnie Parsons describes the work as a "semiotic catastrophe", arguing that the words create a discernible narrative within the structure of the poem, though the reader cannot know what they symbolise.

Linguist Peter Lucas believes the "nonsense" term is inaccurate.

According to Jaques and Giddens, it distinguished itself by stressing the humor and nonsense of the poem.

The Jabberwocky created nonsense words like "galumphing" and "chortle".


Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Brontë published in 1847 under her pseudonym "Ellis Bell".

Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism.

The Thrushcross Grange that Emily describes is rather unusual.

Brontë, Emily (1976). Wuthering Heights.

Critical response | Early reviews (1847–1848)

Mr Ellis Bell, before constructing the novel, should have known that forced marriages, under threats and in confinement are illegal, and parties instrumental thereto can be punished.

Emily Brontë  uses this frame story technique to narrate most of the story.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Music

The song "Emily" by folk artist Billie Marten is written from Brontë's perspective.

This Gothic edifice was located near Law Hill, where Emily worked briefly as a governess in 1838.

Emily also knew  Greek tragedies, was a good Latinist, and possessed an exceptional classical culture in a woman of the time.

"New Monthly Magazine wrote "Wuthering Heights, by Ellis Bell, is a terrific story, associated with an equally fearful and repulsive spot ... Our novel reading experience does not enable us to refer to anything to be compared with the personages we are introduced to at this desolate spot – a perfect misanthropist's heaven.

Emily Bronte's pseudonym is Ellis Bronner.


Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco.

Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies.

In September 2018, Instacart added service from Walmart Canada stores, Staples Canada and M&M Food Market.

Apoorva was born in India and moved with his family to Canada in 2000.

He tried building an ad network for social gaming companies, and developing a social network specifically for lawyers, among other start-ups.

In November 2017, the company expanded to Canada by announcing a partnership with Loblaw Companies to begin delivery from select Loblaw Companies, Real Canadian Superstore, and T&T Supermarket locations in Toronto and Vancouver.

This increase was named by Instacart as the "Instacart Effect".

Instacart originally launched in San Francisco.

Instacart claimed that the strike had no impact on its operations.

Instacart said it "will honor" the vote, pending certification of the results.

Instacart started in Canada.


The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of "Enrich the country, strengthen the military" (富国強兵, fukoku kyōhei).

The Meiji Restoration, and the resultant modernization of Japan, also influenced Japanese self-identity with respect to its Asian neighbours, as Japan became the first Asian state to modernize based on the Western model, replacing the traditional Confucian hierarchical order that had persisted previously under a dominant China with one based on modernity.

The foundation of the Meiji Restoration was the 1866 Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance between Saigō Takamori and Kido Takayoshi, leaders of the reformist elements in the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain.

The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: 明治維新, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (御一新, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.

Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]

After Kōmei's death on January 30, 1867, Meiji ascended the throne on February 3.

During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods.

The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure and spanned both the late Edo period (often called the Bakumatsu) and the beginning of the Meiji era.

, Chinese general Li Hongzhang considered Japan to be China's "principal security threat" as early as 1863, five years before the Meiji Restoration.

These two leaders supported the Emperor Kōmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ryōma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power.

The Meiji Restoration caused China to industrialize.


A Soviet journalist dubbed her the "Iron Lady", a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style.

As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism.

Leading Welsh politician Rhodri Morgan, among others, characterised Thatcher as a "Marmite" figure.

Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975–1979 | "The 'Iron Lady' Sounds the Alarm"

The metaphorical sobriquet followed her throughout her political career, and has since become a generic descriptor for strong-willed female politicians.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation

Thatcher was challenged for the leadership of the Conservative Party by the little-known backbench MP Sir Anthony Meyer in the 1989 leadership election.

A self-described conviction politician, Thatcher always insisted that she did not care about her poll ratings and pointed instead to her unbeaten election record.

Thatcher's election had a polarising effect on the party; her support was stronger among MPs on the right, and also among those from southern England, and those who had not attended public schools or Oxbridge.

Thatcher became Conservative Party leader and leader of the Opposition on 11 February 1975; she appointed Whitelaw as her deputy.

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Domestic affairs | Economy and taxation

The 1981 England riots resulted in the British media discussing the need for a policy U-turn.

On 28 September, a service for Thatcher was held in the All Saints Chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea's Margaret Thatcher Infirmary.

Margaret Thatcher was the Prime Minster of England and she was known for her unwillingness to compromise with politicians and leaders.


Pyrrhus (; Ancient Greek: Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period.

Pyrrhus was proclaimed king of Sicily.

The Tarentines asked Pyrrhus to lead their war against the Romans.

Pyrrhus tried to wrest Campania from the Romans, but was thwarted in this by the reinforced army of Laevinus.

He reminded them that Pyrrhus was in fact a foreign king while he himself was a true Macedonian.

Although this was designed as a measure against the Italian peoples of Lucania, the Tarentines grew nervous and attacked the Romans in Thurii, driving the Roman garrison from the city and sinking several Roman warships.

In the end, the Romans lost 6,000 men and Pyrrhus 3,500 including many officers.

Hieronymus of Cardia reports the Romans lost about 7,000 while Pyrrhus lost 3,000 soldiers, including many of his best; Dionysius gives a bloodier view of 15,000 Roman dead and 13,000 Epirot.

Pyrrhus made the most of the situation and advised the Athenians never to let a king enter their city again.

He then offered the Romans a peace treaty which was eventually rejected.

In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, he is reported to have said: "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined".

Pyrrhus was a Roman king.


Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.

In doing so, the Sun-Times article listed the names of each of the young boys.

"The neighborhood Greeks performed the classic plays of antiquity in their own language and the children of European immigrants produced Shakespeare" as well as others.

A public dispensary provided nutritious food for the sick as well as a daycare center and public baths.

The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House

Other candidates for resident ghosts include the many people who died there of natural causes in the 1870s when it was used as a home for the aged by the Little Sisters of the Poor.

Others, like Hull-House [co-founded by Addams], were secular." One of the first newspaper articles ever written  Hull House quotes the following invitation sent to the residents of the Hull House neighborhood.

Organizations led by women, bonded by sisterhood, were formed for social reform, including settlement houses in working class and poor neighborhoods, like Hull House.

Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments

Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels.

She described Toynbee Hall as "a community of university men" who, while living there, held their recreational clubs and social gatherings at the settlement house among the poor people and in the same style they would in their own circle.

"They grew up to be lawyers and mechanics, sewer workers and dump truck drivers, a candy shop owner, a boxer and a mob boss." Because of the immigrants' loneliness for their homeland, Addams started hosting ethnic evenings at Hull House.

Addams had studied child behavior and painfully concluded that "children robbed of childhood were likely to become dull, sullen men and women working mindless jobs, or criminals for whom the adventure of crime became the only way to break out of the bleakness of their lives" Addams' thinking regarding the importance of childhood play opportunities contributed to a national conversation about the need for playgrounds and a movement that started the Playground Association of America  Also, one volunteer, Jenny Dow, started a kindergarten class for children left at the settlement while their mothers worked in the sweatshops.

Hull House was started by two brothers to provide a space that the wealthy and poor could interact with each other.


Sulfuric acid (American spelling) or sulphuric acid (English spelling), also known as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen and hydrogen, with molecular formula H2SO4.

Uses | Industrial production of chemicals

This is treated with 93% sulfuric acid to produce calcium sulfate, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and phosphoric acid.

Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid

Although nearly 100% sulfuric acid solutions can be made, the subsequent loss of SO3 at the boiling point brings the concentration to 98.3% acid.

The major use for sulfuric acid is in the "wet method" for the production of phosphoric acid, used for manufacture of phosphate fertilizers.

Aluminium sulfate is made by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid:  2

As late as 1940, up to 50% of sulfuric acid manufactured in the United States was produced by chamber process plants.

Repeated occupational exposure to sulfuric acid mists may increase the chance of lung cancer by up to 64 percent.

Sulfuric acid must be stored carefully in containers made of nonreactive material (such as glass).

On a laboratory scale, sulfuric acid can be diluted by pouring concentrated acid onto crushed ice made from de-ionized water.

but this was a slow process and the use of vitriol sped up the bleaching process.

In 1746 in Birmingham, John Roebuck adapted this method to produce sulfuric acid in lead-lined chambers, which were stronger, less expensive, and could be made larger than the previously used glass containers.

Sulfuric acid is made up of sulfur and phosphorous.


In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department.

Assigned to work in the records room, he faces racial discrimination from his coworkers.

Kendrickson suspects Zimmerman of being Jewish and tries to make him take a polygraph test at gunpoint, but Stallworth breaks the Kendricksons' kitchen window to distract them.

In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend.

He, Felix and Ivanhoe arrive and trigger the bomb while Ron is being detained.

The true identity of Stallworth's partner remains secret, and was only referred to as "Chuck" in the memoir; he also wasn't Jewish as depicted in the film.

If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough."Filmmaker

So Stallworth recruits his Jewish coworker, Flip Zimmerman, to act as him to meet the Klan members while he continues to pose as white on the phone.

It went on to debut to $10.8 million, finishing fifth at the box office and marking Lee's best opening weekend since Inside Man ($29 million) in 2006.

Stallworth never called Duke to admit he was actually a black man; Duke did not find out until he was asked to fact-check the story by a reporter in 2006.

BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay.

BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix.

BlacKkKlansman is about a Jewish policeman man being disfavored.


Tourism also composes a large part of Boston's economy, with 21.2 million domestic and international visitors spending $8.3 billion in 2011.

Excluding visitors from Canada and Mexico, over 1.4 million international tourists visited Boston in 2014, with those from China and the United Kingdom leading the list.

Boston-based Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s and has made Boston one of the top financial centers in the United States.

This helped lead in part to what has been touted as the "Boston Miracle".

Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world.

Boston attracts more than 350,000 college students from around the world, who contribute more than US$4.8 billion annually to the city's economy.

Boston's colleges and universities exert a significant impact on the regional economy.

Boston's status as a state capital as well as the regional home of federal agencies has rendered law and government to be another major component of the city's economy.

Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year.

Boston is the eastern terminus of I-90, which in Massachusetts runs along the Massachusetts Turnpike.

Boston, Massachusetts has a lot of tourists that help with the economy.


It is noted, however, for deviating significantly from the novel's storyline.

All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946.

All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949.

A 2002 version of All the King's Men, re-edited by Noel Polk, keeps the name "Willie Talos" for the Boss as originally written in Warren's manuscript, and is known as the "restored edition" for using this name as well as printing several passages removed from the original edit.

Besides the early verse play version Proud Flesh, Robert Penn Warren has written several stage adaptations of All the King's Men, one of them in close collaboration with famous German theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1947.

In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men.

Warren claimed that All the King's Men was "never intended to be a book about politics".

Contemporary response to the novel was largely positive.

Writing in the New Republic, George Mayberry wrote that the novel was "in the tradition of many classics", comparing the novel favorably with Moby-Dick,

It is rated as the 36th greatest novel of the 20th century by Modern Library, and it was chosen as one of Time magazine's 100 best novels since 1923.

The movie was also nominated for four more categories.

The 1946 novel All the King's Men was turned into a movie that stuck closely to the original novel.


The tallest moai erected, called Paro, was almost 10 metres (33 ft) high and weighed 82 tonnes (90.4 short tons).

These massive creations usually weigh around 12.5 tonnes (13.8 tons) each.

The heaviest moai erected was a shorter but squatter moai at Ahu Tongariki, weighing 86 tonnes.

One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145–165 tons (160–182 metric tons).

In 1986, Pavel Pavel, Thor Heyerdahl and the Kon Tiki Museum experimented with a five-tonne moai and a nine-tonne moai.

In 1999, she supervised an experiment to move a nine-tonne moai.

Description | Symbolism | Pukao topknots and headdresses

The more recent moai had pukao on their heads, which represent the topknot of the chieftains.

The production and transportation of the more than 900 statues is considered a remarkable creative and physical feat.

Around the same time, archaeologist Charles Love experimented with a 10-tonne replica.

His first experiment found rocking the statue to walk it was too unstable over more than a few hundred yards.

The most tall structure weighs more than 80 tonnes.


At the time, spelling and punctuation was not standardized and will vary from page to page, because each compositor had their individual preferences and styles.

These separations will let him deal with each group differently.

Criticism and interpretation | Dramatic structure

All that is needed is a different kind of audience, one that is aware of itself and its agency.

Another threat is represented by the young couple themselves, who might succumb to each other prematurely.

Criticism and interpretation | Postcolonial

Postcolonial scholars have argued that Caliban is also shown as one of the most natural characters in the play, being very much in touch with the natural world (and modern audiences have come to view him as far nobler than his two Old World friends, Stephano and Trinculo, although the original intent of the author may have been different).

Performance history | Literature and art

The figure of Caliban influenced numerous works of African literature in the 1970s, including pieces by Taban Lo Liyong in Uganda, Lemuel Johnson in Sierra Leone, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o in Kenya, and David Wallace of Zambia's

However, a page with an error would not be discarded, so pages late in any given press run would be the most accurate, and each of the final printed folios may vary in this regard.

W. H. Auden's "long poem" The Sea and the Mirror takes the form of a reflection by each of the supporting characters of The Tempest on their experiences.

Based on distinctive quirks in the printed words on the page, the study was able to individuate the compositors, and reveal that three compositors worked on The Tempest, who are known as Compositor B, C, and F. Compositor B worked on The Tempest's first page as well as six other pages.

Different views of this are found in the play, with examples including Gonzalo's Utopia, Prospero's enslavement of Caliban, and Caliban's subsequent resentment.

The Tempest's grammar was different on each sheet.


Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onwards.

The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 116 sections, each of which is a canto.

The work was completed in 1730 but not published until 1777–1783.

Pound had been considering writing a long poem since around 1905, but work did not begin until May 1915 when Pound wrote to his mother that he was working on a long poem.

LXXII–LXXIII [72-73] (The Italian Cantos)

Written between 1944 and 1945.These two cantos, written in Italian, were not collected until their posthumous inclusion in the 1987 revision of the complete text of the poem.

Drafts and Fragments of Cantos CX–CXVII [110-117]

Consequent on this, he was released from St. Elizabeths on condition that he return to Europe, which he promptly did.

As in Pound's prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to the work's content.

It is, in fact, some rescued lines from the earlier version of Canto CXV, and has Pound asking forgiveness for his actions from both the gods and those he loves.

Canto CXVI was the last canto completed by Pound.

The earliest part of The Cantos to be published in book form was released by Three Mountains Press in 1925 under the title A Draft of XVI Cantos.

This final complete canto is followed by the two fragments of the 1940s.

Despite the fact that the Cantos wasn't completed until 1962, most of it's content was released beginning in 1922.


The Meiji Restoration accelerated the industrialization process in Japan, which led to its rise as a military power by the year 1895, under the slogan of "Enrich the country, strengthen the military" (富国強兵, fukoku kyōhei).

With industrialization came the demand for coal.

This is important to the growth and ideas that came with the reforms and transformation Japan was undergoing during the Meiji period.

Japan had help from Western nations when it came to industrial growth.

1.^ Although the political system was consolidated under the Emperor, power was mainly transferred to a group of people, known as the Meiji oligarchy (and Genrō), who helped in the restoration of imperial power.

The Meiji oligarchy that formed the government under the rule of the Emperor first introduced measures to consolidate their power against the remnants of the Edo period government, the shogunate, daimyōs, and the samurai class.

These two leaders supported the Emperor Kōmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ryōma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power.

This forced (or allowed) the Emperor to strip Yoshinobu of all power, setting the stage for official restoration.

Japan's economic powers are a major influence on the industrial factor of its country as well.

Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]

Industrialization halted after Emperor Meiji came into power.


He won an "honorable mention" at the First International Chopin Piano Competition in Warsaw in 1927 and attributed the disappointing result to suffering from appendicitis and the jury being all Polish.

Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich (Russian: Дмитрий Дмитриевич Шостакович , tr.

Their son, Dmitri Dmitriyevich Shostakovich, displayed significant musical talent after he began piano lessons with his mother at the age of nine.

In all other respects she is splendid: clever, cheerful, straightforward and very likeable." According to Galina Vishnevskaya, who knew the Shostakoviches well, this marriage was a very happy one: "It was with her that Dmitri Dmitriyevich finally came to know domestic peace... Surely, she prolonged his life by several years.

After the competition Shostakovich met the conductor Bruno Walter, who was so impressed by the composer's First Symphony that he conducted it at its Berlin premiere later that year.

He is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century, with a unique harmonic language and a historic importance due to his years of work under Stalin.

His first major musical achievement was the First Symphony (premiered 1926), written as his graduation piece at the age of 19.

He was survived by his third wife, Irina; his daughter, Galina; and his son, Maxim, a pianist and conductor who was the dedicatee and first performer of some of his father's works.

After graduation, Shostakovich initially embarked on a dual career as concert pianist and composer, but his dry playing style was often unappreciated (

A major achievement was EMI's recording of the original, unexpurgated opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk.

Dmitry Dmitriyevich Shostakovich thought that he lost one of his first major pianist competitions in part because the judging panel was mostly Austrian.


Brünnlitz, the one carrying the women and girls is accidentally redirected to Auschwitz-Birkenau; Schindler bribes Rudolf Höss, the commandant of Auschwitz, with a bag of diamonds to win their release.

Schindler was later honored by Yad Vashem for his efforts to save his workers from being put to death.

Schindler hires Jewish workers because they cost less, while Stern ensures that as many people as possible are deemed essential to the German war effort, which saves them from being transported to concentration camps or killed.

To avoid filming inside the actual death camp, the film crew constructed a replica of a portion of the camp just outside the entrance of Birkenau.

The production received permission from Polish authorities to film on the grounds of the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, but objections to filming within the actual death camp were raised by the World Jewish Congress.

SS-Untersturmführer (second lieutenant) Amon Göth arrives in Kraków to oversee construction of Płaszów concentration camp.

As the Germans begin to lose the war, Göth is ordered to ship the remaining Jews at Płaszów to Auschwitz concentration camp.

The crew shot at or near the actual locations, though the Płaszów camp had to be reconstructed in a nearby abandoned quarry, as modern high rise apartments were visible from the site of the original camp.

He describes the humanization of Schindler as "banal", and is critical of what he describes as the "Zionist closure" set to the song "Jerusalem of Gold".

The workers give Schindler a signed statement attesting to his role in saving Jewish lives and present him with a ring engraved with a Talmudic quotation: "Whoever saves one life saves the world entire.

" When the color fades out in the film's opening moments, it gives way to a world in which smoke comes to symbolize bodies being burnt at Auschwitz.

Schindler gives the commandant of Płaszów a sack of gold coins to rescue the Jewish ladies and children who are to be sent to a death camp.


Taney's ancestor, Michael Taney

I, had settled in Maryland from England in 1660.

Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott

In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,.

Several places and things have been named for Taney, including Taney County, Missouri, the USCGC Taney (WPG-37) (although the ship was later renamed during Taney's de-memorialization), and the Liberty ship SS Roger B. Taney.

Another property owned by Taney, called the Roger Brooke Taney House (although he never lived there), is in Frederick, Maryland.

As Roger Taney's older brother, Michael Taney VI, was expected to inherit the family's plantation, Taney's father encouraged him to study law.

Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

" Taney's mixed legacy was noted by Justice Antonin Scalia in his dissenting opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey:  There comes vividly to mind a portrait by Emanuel Leutze that hangs in the Harvard Law School: Roger Brooke Taney, painted in 1859, the 82nd year of his life, the 24th of his Chief Justiceship, the second after his opinion in Dred Scott.

Though Taney would preside over a jurisprudential shift toward states' rights, the Taney Court did not reject broad federal authority to the degree that many Whigs initially feared.

Many Whigs believed that Taney was a "political hack" and worried about the direction that he would take the Supreme Court.

One of Marshall's key allies, Associate Justice Joseph Story, remained on the Court when Taney took office, but Jackson appointees made up a majority of the Court.

In his majority opinion, Taney ruled that the charter did not grant a monopoly to the Charles River Bridge.

Taney's ancestor, Michael Taney

ROger B. Taney had ancestry from Ireland.


MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League.

In addition, grandson Lee MacPhail IV has been active in baseball as a scout or scouting director for numerous teams, including the Orioles, Twins, New York Mets, Seattle Mariners, Cleveland Indians, Washington Nationals and Texas Rangers.

Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969.

Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail.

Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees.

Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award.

Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 – November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball.

Lee MacPhail's son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies.

Lee was honored in 1998.His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was president of CNN Sports, brought on by Ted Turner to create the department upon the network's launch.

Lee MacPhail was an executive for the Mets and Tigers.


Urban had planned the departure of the first crusade for 15 August 1096, the Feast of the Assumption, but months before this, a number of unexpected armies of peasants and petty nobles set off for Jerusalem on their own, led by a charismatic priest called Peter the Hermit.

It is commonly believed that Peter's followers purely consisted of a massive group of untrained and illiterate peasants who did not even have any idea where Jerusalem was, but there were also many knights among the peasants, including Walter Sans Avoir, who was lieutenant to Peter and led a separate army.

Historical context | Situation in Europe

It was a holy war but differed from the First Crusade as there was no pilgrimage, no vow and no formal authorisation by the church.

Historical context | Situation in the East

The first waves of Turkic migration into the Middle East enjoined Arab and Turkic history from the 9th century.

Behaviours that were very different from those of their sedentary, Arabic speaking subjects.

The Crusader armies crossed over into Asia Minor during the first half of 1097, where they were joined by Peter the Hermit and the remainder of his relatively small army.

Finally, at the beginning of 1099, the march restarted, leaving Bohemond behind as the first Prince of Antioch.

This call was met with an enthusiastic popular response across all social classes in western Europe.

Then, in March 1098, Baldwin became the new ruler, thus creating the County of Edessa, the first of the crusader states.

This was a difference that weakened power structures when combined with the Seljuks habitual governance of territory based on political preferment and competition between independent princes rather than geography.

They took different paths to Constantinople and gathered outside its city walls between November 1096 and April 1097; Hugh of Vermandois arrived first, followed by Godfrey, Raymond, and Bohemond.

Shortly before the First Crusade, Pope Urban II had encouraged the Iberian Christians to take Tarragona, using much of the same symbolism and rhetoric that was later used to preach the crusade to the people of Europe.

During the First Crusade, people of different ranks and classes banded together to march to the East.


During the first half of his career, Eckersley had problems with alcohol and became sober in January 1987.An MLB Network documentary about Eckersley, titled "Eck: A Story of Saving", premiered on December 13, 2018.

Dennis Lee Eckersley (born October 3, 1954), nicknamed "Eck", is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)

After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism.

Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)

and I saved my life." Eckersley was traded again on April 3, 1987 to the Oakland Athletics, where manager Tony La Russa intended to use him as a set-up pitcher or long reliever.

Eckersley married his first wife Denise in 1973 and they had a daughter, Mandee Eckersley.

Baseball career | Return to Red Sox (1998)

Eckersley announced his retirement in December 1998.

Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)

Eckersley pitched reliably over three seasons with the Indians.

Indeed, Eckersley started two games with the A's before an injury to

Two years later, Eckersley married model Nancy O'Neil.

Eckersley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility.

Dennis Eckersley used to have issues with alcohol.


The X-Men are a team of fictional mutant superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.

The teenager Cyclops joins the Champions, a comic book focused on teenager heroes but unrelated to the X-Men mythos.

received their own comic book series.

In 1969, writer Roy Thomas and illustrator Neal Adams rejuvenated the comic book and gave regular roles to two recently introduced characters: Havok/Alex Summers (who had been introduced by Roy Thomas before Adams began work on the comic) and Lorna Dane, later called Polaris (created by Arnold Drake and Jim Steranko).

Created by artist/co-writer Jack Kirby and writer Stan Lee, the characters first appeared in The X-Men #1 (September 1963) and formed one of the most recognizable and successful franchises of Marvel Comics, appearing in numerous books, television shows, films, and video games.

Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men

The growing popularity of Uncanny X-Men and the rise of comic book specialty stores led to the introduction of a number of ongoing spin-off series nicknamed "X-Books.

The topic of sanity has been addressed in many of the major heroes and villains of X-Men.

Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991–2001)

In 1991, Marvel revised the entire lineup of X-Men comic book titles, centered on the launch of a second X-Men series, simply titled X-Men.

The Mutant X universe reimagines Mr. Fantastic, Nick Fury, and Professor X as villains and Doctor Doom and Apocalypse as heroes.

Created and reverted via time travel.

X-Men are heroes who were created in a DC comic book.


Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 – September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager.

Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956.

Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin.

Major league career | As a player-manager and manager

As early as 1938, it was apparent that Cronin was nearing the end of his playing career.

Engel first spotted Cronin playing in Kansas City.

During his 20-year playing career (1926–1945), Cronin played for three teams, primarily the Boston Red Sox; he was a player-manager for 13 seasons (1933–1945), and served as manager for two additional seasons (1946–1947).

At the time, the nearest MLB team was nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from San Francisco.

While the National League held only an 8–7 edge in World Series play during the Cronin era, it dominated the Major League Baseball All-Star Game, going 15–3–1 in the 19 games played from 1959–73.

Even when World War II saw dozens of young players either enlist or be drafted, Cronin limited his playing appearances to cameo roles as a utility infielder and pinch-hitter.

His last year as a full-time player was 1941; after that year, he never played more than 76 games per season.

Joe Cronin played MLB and was also 2 types of managers in it.


The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams.

" Sheldrake rewards Bud with a further promotion, and fires Miss Olsen for what she told Fran.

The story follows C.C. “Bud” Baxter (Lemmon), an insurance clerk who, in the hope of climbing the corporate ladder, lets more senior coworkers use his Upper West Side apartment to conduct extramarital affairs.

He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day.

Art director Alexandre Trauner used forced perspective to create the set of a large insurance company office.

In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine.

C.C. "Bud" Baxter (Jack Lemmon) is a lonely office drudge at a national insurance corporation in a high-rise building in New York City.

According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film.

In 1994, The Apartment was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

In 2002, a poll of film directors conducted by Sight and Sound magazine listed the film as the 14th greatest film of all time (tied with La Dolce Vita).

Critics were split on The Apartment.

The Apartment is a 1970's horror film about an insurance salesman dying in a fire.


Dench was born in Heworth, York.

Her mother, Eleanora Olive (née Jones), was born in Dublin, Ireland.

Her father, Reginald Arthur Dench (1897–1964), a doctor, was born in Dorset, England, and later moved to Dublin, where he was brought up.

Dench was born in Heworth, York.

Her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire.

He met Dench's mother while he was studying medicine at Trinity College, Dublin.

Dame Judith Olivia Dench  (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress, artist, and author.

In 1989, Judi Dench starred in David Tucker's Behaving Badly for Channel 4, based on Catherine Heath's novel of the same name.

She has been president of Questors Theatre, Ealing, London since 1985, where the main auditorium is known as The Judi Dench Playhouse, being the only theatre to bear her name.

During these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in 1951, 1954 and 1957.

Dame Judi is also a long-standing and active Vice President of the national disabled people's charity Revitalise.

Judi Dench was born in Dublin, Ireland.


ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsˤɑ] (listen), "the Farthest Mosque"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam.

Religious significance in Islam | Religious status

The Fadhail of Jerusalem inspired Muslims, especially during the Umayyad period, to embellish the sanctity of the city beyond its status in the holy texts.

History | Earthquakes and reconstructions

Jerusalem was captured by the Crusaders in 1099, during the First Crusade.

The second-hand material of the facade's arches includes sculpted, ornamental material taken from Crusader structures in Jerusalem.

It was intended to be a gift for the mosque when Nur ad-Din would capture Jerusalem from the Crusaders and took six years to build (1168–74).

Nur ad-Din died and the Crusaders still controlled Jerusalem, but in 1187, Saladin captured the city and the minbar was installed.

In order to prepare the mosque for Friday prayers, within a week of his capture of Jerusalem Saladin had the toilets and grain stores installed by the Crusaders at

When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187.

The mosque is located on the Temple Mount, referred to by Muslims today as the "Haram al-Sharif" ("Noble Sanctuary"), an enclosure expanded by King Herod the Great beginning in 20 BCE.

The Crusaders damaged the facade, but it was restored and renovated by the Ayyubids.

The mosque's interior is supported by 45 columns, 33 of which are white marble and 12 of stone.

Most scholars agree that the mosque's reconstruction was started by Abd al-Malik, but that al-Walid oversaw its completion.

The Al-Aqsa Mosque's origin begins with the Crusaders and Jerusalem.


Personal life | Political views and social interests

Dench was one of 200 celebrities to sign an open letter to the people of Scotland asking them to vote No to independence, published in August 2014, a few weeks before the Scottish referendum.

She has been president of Questors Theatre, Ealing, London since 1985, where the main auditorium is known as The Judi Dench Playhouse, being the only theatre to bear her name.

In 1989, Judi Dench starred in David Tucker's Behaving Badly for Channel 4, based on Catherine Heath's novel of the same name.

She stated in 2014, "I'm tired of being told I'm too old to try something.

During these years, Judi Dench was involved on a non-professional basis in the first three productions of the modern revival of the York Mystery Plays in 1951, 1954 and 1957.

Dame Judi is also a long-standing and active Vice President of the national disabled people's charity Revitalise.

In 2002, Dench was cast opposite Rupert Everett, Colin Firth, and Reese Witherspoon in Oliver Parker's The Importance of Being Earnest, a comedy about mistaken identity set in English high society during the Victorian Era.

"outrageously funny film". In 2019, Dench presented a two-part nature documentary series for the ITV network called Judi Dench's Wild Borneo Adventure in which she and her partner travelled across the island, looking at its remarkable wildlife and efforts by conservationists to preserve it for future generations.

She applied and was accepted by the School, then based at the Royal Albert Hall, London, where she was a classmate of Vanessa Redgrave, graduating and being awarded four acting prizes, including the Gold Medal as Outstanding Student.

Filmed with the intention of being shown on BBC One and on WGBH's Masterpiece Theatre, it was eventually acquired by Miramax mogul Harvey Weinstein, who felt the drama film should receive a theatrical release after seeing it and took it from the BBC to US cinemas.

The collaboration came about because the slang term "dench", which is used as a compliment, features in Bizzle's lyrics and on his clothing brand Stay Dench which Dench had previously helped to promote.

Judi Dench deeply desires for the Scots to be free and capable of self-determination.


The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation, such as light, hits a material.

Emission mechanism | Experimental observations of photoelectric emission

The number of electrons also changes because of the probability that each photon results in an emitted electron are a function of photon energy.

The theory of the source of photoelectric effect must explain the experimental observations of the emission of electrons from an illuminated metal surface.

Electrons emitted in this manner are called photoelectrons.

doubled the number of electrons emitted from the surface.

The direction of distribution of emitted electrons peaks in the direction of polarization (the direction of the electric field) of the incident light, if it is linearly polarized.

Video camera tubes in the early days of television used the photoelectric effect, for example, Philo Farnsworth's "Image dissector" used a screen charged by the photoelectric effect to transform an optical image into a scanned electronic signal.

another plate electrode Q collects any emitted electrons.

The static charge created by the photoelectric effect is self-limiting, because a higher charged object doesn't give up its electrons as easily as a lower charged object does.

The effect was impossible to understand in terms of the classical wave description of light, as the energy of the emitted electrons did not depend on the intensity of the incident radiation.

Photoelectric effect does emit electrons.


A remake of the 1925 silent film with a similar title, it was adapted from Lew Wallace's 1880 novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ.

The "pageantry" sequence before the race begins is a shot-by-shot remake of the same sequence from the 1925 silent film version.

Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) originally announced a remake of the 1925 silent film Ben-Hur in December 1952, ostensibly as a way to spend its Italian assets.

The book Movie Mistakes claims this is a myth.

The movie was filmed in a process known as "MGM Camera 65".

The screenplay differed more from the original novel than did the 1925 silent film version.

The Ten Commandments, studio head Joseph Vogel announced in 1957 that MGM would again move forward on a remake of Ben-Hur.

Sam Savitt • Drawn by Russ Manning) [ Authorized movie tie-in ]

It was one of the highest rated movies ever screened on television at the time (behind the broadcast premiere of Bridge on the River Kwai).

Because the film could be adapted to the requirements of individual theaters, movie houses did not need to install special, expensive 70mm projection equipment.

Ben-Hur was a remake of a previous silent movie.


He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a designated hitter and third baseman for the Seattle Mariners from 1987 through 2004.

Professional career | Early career (1987–1989)

After the regular season, Martínez played winter baseball in the Puerto Rican Baseball League.

Martínez made his professional debut in Minor League Baseball with the Bellingham Mariners of the Class A-Short Season Northwest League in 1983 as a third baseman.

Edgar Martínez (born January 2, 1963), nicknamed "Gar" and "Papi", is a Puerto Rican former professional baseball player and coach.

Martinez became inspired to play baseball after watching fellow Puerto Rican Roberto Clemente play in the 1971 World Series.

He had a .173 batting average, zero home runs and only 18 hits.

At the suggestion of the owner of his semiprofessional team, Martínez attended a tryout held by the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB).

Professional career | Career year (1995) | The Double

The double entered baseball lore, referred to as "The Double", by Mariners fans.

Professional career | Coaching (2015–2018)

Martínez coached the Mariners through to the end of the 2018 season.

Professional career | First seasons and batting title (1990–1992)

Lefebvre moved Coles to the outfield and began playing Martínez at third base.

Edgar Martínez was a professional baseball who played 18 seasons with the Mariners.


As with most Heian literature, Genji was probably written mostly (or perhaps entirely) in kana (Japanese phonetic script) and not in kanji, because it was written by a woman for a female audience.

Opinions vary on whether this was intended by the author.

Kornicki, P. F., "Unsuitable Books for Women? " Genji Monogatari" and "Ise Monogatari" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol.

Murasaki Shikibu's own diary includes a reference to the tale, and indeed the application to herself of the name 'Murasaki' in an allusion to the main female character.

Later authors have composed additional chapters, most often either between 41 and 42, or after the end.

Ivan Morris, however, author of The World of the Shining Prince, believed that it was not complete and that later chapters were missing.

It is generally accepted that the tale was finished in its present form by 1021, when the author of the Sarashina Nikki wrote a diary entry about her joy at acquiring a complete copy of the tale.

Even in Japan, the Tale of Genji is not universally embraced; the lesser known Ochikubo Monogatari has been proposed as the "world's first full-length novel", even though its author is unknown.

She writes that there are over 50 chapters and mentions a character introduced at the end of the work, so if other authors besides Murasaki Shikibu did work on the tale, the work was finished very near to the time of her writing.

Yosano Akiko, the first author to make a modern Japanese translation of Genji, believed that Murasaki Shikibu had only written chapters 1 to 33, and that chapters 35 to 54 were written by her daughter Daini no Sanmi.

The author is a female.


The novel was adapted in Urdu for the Pakistan Television Network in the 1970s, under the title Teesra Kinara.

The Fountainhead is a 1943 novel by Russian-American author Ayn Rand, her first major literary success.

The novel has been translated into more than 25 languages.

Peikoff used many quotes and examples from The Fountainhead in his 1991 book on Rand's philosophy, Objectivism: The Philosophy of Ayn Rand.

The Fountainhead was published on May 7, 1943, with 7,500 copies in the first printing.

More than 6.5 million copies of The Fountainhead have been sold worldwide and it has been translated into more than 20 languages.

The Fountainhead does not contain this explicit philosophy, and Rand did not write the novel primarily to convey philosophical ideas.

Rand began The Fountainhead (originally titled Second-Hand Lives) following the completion of her first novel, We the Living, in 1934.

Reception and legacy | Effect on Rand's career

Although Rand had some mainstream success previously with her play Night of January 16th and had two previously published novels, The Fountainhead was a major breakthrough in her career.

Initial sales were slow, but they began to rise in late 1943, driven primarily by word of mouth.

The 1943 novel The Fountainhead by Ayn Rand has been translated into Urdu.


Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood, though the novel "uses several narrators (in fact, five or six) to place the story in perspective, or in a variety of perspectives".

Lockwood's housekeeper Ellen (Nelly) Dean tells him the story of the strange family.

The inner story is that of Nelly Dean, who transmits to Lockwood the history of the two families during the last two generations.

Nelly Dean examines the events retrospectively and attempts to report them as an objective eyewitness to Lockwood.

Thus, for example, Lockwood, the first narrator of the story, tells the story of Nelly, who herself tells the story of another character.

Nelly Dean: The main narrator of the novel, Nelly is a servant to three generations of the Earnshaws and two of the Linton family.

The use of a character, like Nelly Dean is "a literary device, a well-known convention taken from the Gothic novel, the function of which is to portray the events in a more mysterious and exciting manner".

The frame story is that of Lockwood, who informs us of his meeting with the strange and mysterious "family" living in almost total isolation in the stony uncultivated land of northern England.

Earnshaw calls him  "as dark almost as if it came from the devil", and Nelly Dean asks of him “Who knows but your father was Emperor of China, and your mother an Indian queen?”Catherine Earnshaw: First introduced to the reader after her death, through Lockwood's discovery of her diary and carvings.

The True Story of the Novel. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.

Most of the novel is the story told by housekeeper Nelly Dean to Lockwood.


The Thirty Years' War was a religious war fought primarily in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648.

The Thirty Years' War devastated entire regions, resulting in high mortality from hunger and disease.

From 1643 to 1645, during the last years of the war, Sweden and Denmark-Norway fought the Torstenson War.

The war in the Iberian Peninsula: Spain, Catalonia, Portugal (1640–1648)

For the next decade the Catalans fought under French vassalage, taking the initiative after Montjuïc.

This dynastic concern overtook religious ones and led to Catholic France's participation on the otherwise Protestant side of the war.

The war became less about religion and more of a continuation of the France–Habsburg rivalry for European political pre-eminence and a Habsburg attempt to rebuild the imperial authority in Germany.

The Peace of Augsburg (1555), signed by Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, confirmed the result of the Diet of Speyer (1526), ending the war between German Lutherans and Catholics, and establishing that: Rulers of the 224 German states could choose the religion (Lutheranism or Catholicism) of their realms.

The end of the war was not brought about by one treaty, but instead by a group of treaties such as the Treaty of Hamburg.

For that reason, the King Gustavus Adolphus enlisted support of the Russian Tsar Michael I, who also fought the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in hopes of regaining Smolensk.

Beginnings (1618–1625) | Huguenot rebellions

This involved a continued reliance on the Anglo-Dutch brigade as the main agency of English military participation against the Habsburgs, although regiments also fought for Sweden thereafter.

The war was fought entirely on the basis of religion.


The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams.

Art director Alexandre Trauner used forced perspective to create the set of a large insurance company office.

He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day.

In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine.

In 1968, Burt Bacharach, Hal David and Neil Simon created a musical adaptation titled Promises, Promises which opened on Broadway at the Shubert Theatre in New York City.

According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film.

In 1994, The Apartment was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry.

In 2002, a poll of film directors conducted by Sight and Sound magazine listed the film as the 14th greatest film of all time (tied with La Dolce Vita).

Critics were split on The Apartment.

In 1994, it was one of the 25 films selected for inclusion to the United States Library of Congress National Film Registry.

In 2001, Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, and added it to his Great Movies list.

The Apartment is a drama film created by Stanley Kubrick.


Growing up, the La Russa family moved to West Tampa, Florida where Tony played American Legion baseball and PONY League baseball alongside teammate Lou Piniella.

After graduating from Jefferson High School in Tampa, La Russa was signed by the Kansas City Athletics in June, 1962 as a middle infielder, with a clause to pay for his college education.

He was raised in nearby Ybor  City, Florida, where his parents had met while both were working in the local cigar factory.

With his All-Star Game 8–0 win in Kansas City, he became the first manager to win an All-Star Game in both leagues.

He managed his 2,500th win against the Royals at Kansas City on June 21, 2009, becoming only the third manager to attain that win level after Mack and McGraw.

La Russa and second wife, Elaine, are the founders of Tony La Russa's Animal Rescue Foundation, headquartered in Walnut Creek, California, which saves abandoned and injured animals as well as running programs to bring dogs and cats to abused children, hospital patients, seniors and shut-ins.

La Russa eventually filed a request to dismiss the suit, while Twitter, whether in regard to the suit or not, continued improving its privacy protections.

Managerial career | Chicago White Sox (1979–1986)

Tony La Russa is one of the most brilliant managers that I  ever encountered in my baseball career.

La Russa also provided the AI for a series of successful video games, Tony La Russa Baseball (1991–1997).

He made it back up to the A's, which had since moved to Oakland, in 1968 and 1969.

Tony La Russa continues to live in his birth city of Ybor City, Florida only moving out of the city when he was in the MLB,


Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut.

Many of Vonnegut's recurring themes are prevalent in Cat's Cradle, most notably the issues of free will and man's relation to technology.

Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964.

Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters.

More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme.

zah-mah-ki-bo – Inevitable destiny

Newt reiterates the idea of the cat's cradle, implying that the game, with its invisible cat, is an appropriate symbol for nonsense and the meaninglessness of life.

After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle.

Theodore Sturgeon praised Cat's Cradle, describing its storyline as "appalling, hilarious, shocking, and infuriating", and concluded that "this is an annoying book and you must read it.

Film, television or theatrical adaptations

Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut.

Kurt Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle has as its premise that travel to other planets is inevitable.


Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves.

Slaughter was born in Roxboro, North Carolina, where he earned the nickname "Country", and joined the St. Louis Cardinals in 1938 before being traded to the New York Yankees in 1954.

Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 – August 12, 2002), nicknamed "Country", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder.

This play was named #10 on the Sporting News list of Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments in 1999.

As a part-time starter for the Yankees, Slaughter batted fifth and played in left field in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series in which teammate Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in World Series history, a 2–0 Yankees win.

Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was "a Southern boy", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style.

He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938–1942 and 1946–1959.

During that period, he was a 10-time All-Star and played in five World Series.

Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore of an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field.

He is noted primarily for his playing for the St. Louis Cardinals and is best known for scoring the winning run in Game 7 of the 1946 World Series.

Enos Bradsher Slaughter played for the New York Yankees.


The Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji monogatari, pronounced [ɡeɲdʑi monoɡaꜜtaɾi]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu.

The Tale of Genji was written in an archaic court language that was already unreadable a century after it was written.

Because it was written to entertain the Japanese court of the eleventh century, the work presents many difficulties to modern readers.

The various manuscripts are classified into three categories: Kawachibon (河内本) Aobyōshibon (青表紙本) Beppon (別本)In the 13th century, two major attempts by Minamoto no Chikayuki and Fujiwara Teika were made to edit and revise the differing manuscripts.

The debate over how much of Genji was actually written by Murasaki Shikibu has gone on for centuries and is unlikely to ever be settled unless some major archival discovery is made.

As with most Heian literature, Genji was probably written mostly (or perhaps entirely) in kana (Japanese phonetic script) and not in kanji, because it was written by a woman for a female audience.

The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists.

Modern readership | English translations

The most recently written ("Genji and the Luck of the Sea") dates from 2007.

12th-century illustrated hand scroll, Genji Monogatari Emaki

Yosano Akiko, the first author to make a modern Japanese translation of Genji, believed that Murasaki Shikibu had only written chapters 1 to 33, and that chapters 35 to 54 were written by her daughter Daini no Sanmi.

It was written in the 13th century.


Alkan was born Charles-Valentin Morhange on 30 November 1813 at 1, Rue de Braque in Paris to Alkan Morhange (1780–1855) and Julie Morhange, née Abraham.

Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to "a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen.

At Charles-Valentin's piano audition on 6 October 1820, when he was nearly seven (and where he is named as "Alkan (Morhange) Valentin"), the examiners comment "This child has amazing abilities.

Charles-Valentin Alkan (French: [ʃaʁl valɑ̃tɛ̃ alkɑ̃]; 30 November 1813 – 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist.

At his solfège audition on 3 July 1819, when he was just over 5 years 7 months, the examiners noted Alkan (who is referred to even at this early date as "Alkan (Valentin)", and whose age is given incorrectly as six-and-a-half) as "having a pretty little voice".

At the same time, Alkan Morhange arranged concerts featuring Charles-Valentin at public venues in Paris, in association with leading musicians including the sopranos Giuditta Pasta and Henriette Sontag, the cellist Auguste Franchomme and the violinist Lambert Massart, with whom Alkan gave concerts in a rare visit out of France to Brussels in 1827.

At an early age, Charles-Valentin and his siblings adopted their father's first name as their last (and were known by this during their studies at the Conservatoire de Paris and subsequent careers).

Charles-Valentin was the second of six children – one elder sister and four younger brothers; his birth certificate indicates that he was named after a neighbour who witnessed the birth.

Antoine Marmontel, one of Charles-Valentin's pupils there, who was later to become his bête noire, wrote of the school: Young children, mostly Jewish, were given elementary musical instruction and also learnt the first rudiments of French grammar ... [There] I received a few lessons from the young Alkan, four years my senior ... I see once more ... that really parochial environment where the talent of Valentin Alkan was formed and where his hard-working youth blossomed ... It was like a preparatory school, a juvenile annexe of the Conservatoire.

Alkan was not always remote or aloof.

Valentin Alkan is from Italy.


A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas.

There are no authenticated cases of truly melanistic cougars.

Melanistic cougars were neither photographed nor killed in the wild, and none have ever been bred.

Unconfirmed sightings, known as the "North American black panther", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the mimetic exaggeration of size.

Bagheera in The Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling (1894) is a black Indian leopard that mentors the human character Mowgli.

Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be "the black panther" from a local legend

The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal.

The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal.

In 2009, a black jaguar was recorded for the first time in Costa Rica's Alberto Manuel Brenes Biological Reserve.

In 1801, Félix de Azara described a black jaguar observed by local people near the Paraná River in Paraguay.

Black Panthers have been used in books and are cougars, jaguars and ocelots.


In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident.

Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents.

During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, but managed to finish the game.

For several days after the accident, doctors were unsure if Jennings would survive.

Jennings retired to the Winyah Sanatorium in Asheville, North Carolina.

During the 1925 season, McGraw was ill, and Jennings was put in full charge of the Giants.

According to his obituary, Jennings "was unable to report" to spring training in 1926 due to his condition.

In the crash, Jennings again fractured his skull, suffered a concussion of the brain, and broke both legs and his left arm.

The team finished in second place and the strain caught up with Jennings, who suffered a nervous breakdown when the season ended.

In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player.

Jennings experienced a number of terrible mishaps in his lifetime.


In preparation for the UK launch of the series, Fox experimented with an SMS-based viral marketing campaign.

A variety of merchandise items is available from Showtime including an apron, bin bags, blood slide beverage coasters and key rings, drinking glasses, mugs, pens made to look like syringes of blood, posters, and T-shirts.

A link was found in the room to a (fake) company called Sleep Superbly, which began an extensive Showtime-maintained alternate reality game that continued until Dexter's season-five premiere.

Besides Hall playing the title character, the show's supporting cast includes Jennifer Carpenter as Dexter's adoptive sister and co-worker (and later boss) Debra, and James Remar as Dexter's adoptive father, Harry Morgan.

"Blood Theme" (Daniel Licht) – 2:25

Dexter's co-workers include Lauren Vélez as Lieutenant (later Captain) María LaGuerta, Dexter and Debra's supervisor, David Zayas as Detective Sergeant (later Lieutenant) Angel Batista, and C. S. Lee

"Blood" (Michael C. Hall, Daniel Licht) –

Notable appearances in season one are Christian Camargo as Rudy and Mark Pellegrino as Rita's abusive ex-husband Paul.

Reception | Cultural impact | Association with real crimes

Association was established between Mark Twitchell, of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, during his first-degree murder trial, and the character of Dexter Morgan.

Dexter: Early Cuts is an animated web series that premiered on October 25, 2009.

as lab tech Vince Masuka (promoted to title credits in season two).

A promotion for Dexter's premiere in the United Kingdom included letters marked with blood in the shape of a hand.


With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007.

Books in the A Song of Ice and Fire series are first published in hardcover and are later re-released as paperback editions.

A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.

Martin classified A Song of Ice and Fire as "epic fantasy", and specifically named Tad Williams' high fantasy epic Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn as very influential for the writing of the series.

The reported overall sales figures of the A Song of Ice and Fire series vary.

Before it even premiered, the TV series had boosted sales of the book series, with A Song of Ice and Fire approaching triple-digit growth in year-on-year sales.

Publishing history | First three novels (1991–2000)

Martin chose A Song of Ice and Fire as the overall series title: Martin saw the struggle of the cold Others and the fiery dragons as one possible meaning for "Ice and Fire", whereas the word "song" had previously appeared in Martin's book titles A Song for Lya and Songs

Martin explores the questions of redemption and character change in the A Song of Ice and Fire series.

Inspiration and writing | Writing process

However, with A Song of Ice and Fire series evolving into the biggest and most ambitious story he has ever attempted writing, he still has two more books to finish as of 2020.

Publishing history | Planned novels and future | TV series and other writings

He prefers to write stories about characters from other A Song of Ice and Fire periods of history such as his Tales of Dunk and Egg project, instead of continuing the series directly.

A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic books that later became a movie series.


He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a right-handed pitcher for 23 major league seasons as a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers, Houston Astros, Milwaukee Brewers, Oakland Athletics, and California Angels.

Donald Howard Sutton (born April 2, 1945) is an American former professional baseball player.

After spending 15 straight years with Los Angeles from 1966 to 1980, Sutton had pitched for five different teams in his last eight seasons.

Claire said that Sutton's stamina was a major consideration in the move, as the team was looking for pitchers who could last more than five or six innings per start.

Don Sutton Ball Park in Molino was named in his honor.

I don't know who are the prospects we are getting, but I would think Don Sutton would bring a big name, a real big name.

On the 1966 Dodgers, Sutton was the fourth starting pitcher in a rotation that included Sandy Koufax, Don Drysdale and Claude Osteen.

He was reluctant to report to the team, as he was hoping to play for a team in Southern California so that he could live at home with his family.

Sutton has also broadcast golf and served as a pre- and post-game analyst for NBC's coverage of the 1983 and 1987 American League Championship Series.

Sutton attended J. M. Tate High School where he played baseball, basketball, and football.

Sutton was selected to the Major League Baseball All-Star Game four times in the 1970s.

Don Sutton played for five American baseball teams.


The decision to cast Redgrave as Fénelon was, however, a source of controversy.

In light of Redgrave's support for the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Fénelon objected to her casting.

Redgrave was made a Commander (CBE) of the Order of the British Empire in 1967.

During a June 2005 interview on Larry King Live, Redgrave was challenged on this criticism and on her political views.

Career | The 1970s and political controversy

Her remarks brought an outraged on-stage response from screenwriter and Academy Award presenter Paddy Chayefsky, and sparked controversy.

In December 2007, Redgrave was named as one of the possible suretors who paid the £50,000 bail for Jamil al-Banna, one of three British residents arrested after landing back in the UK following four years' captivity at Guantanamo Bay.

For this, she won the Drama Desk Award for Outstanding One-Person Show and was nominated for the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play.

Reportedly, she declined a damehood in 1999.Redgrave describes herself as a person of faith, and attends a Catholic church.

"In March 2006, Redgrave remarked in an interview with US broadcast journalist Amy Goodman: "I don't know of a single government that actually abides by international human rights law, not one, including my own.

"In June 2006, she was awarded a lifetime achievement award from the Transilvania International Film Festival, one of whose sponsors is a mining company named Gabriel Resources.

Redgrave funded and narrated a documentary film, The Palestinian (1977), about the situation of the Palestinians and the activities of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

Redgrave has remained publicly neutral on any of her personal political views in order to avoid controversy.


As holding prisoners was originally an incidental role of the Tower – as would have been the case for any castle – there was no purpose-built accommodation for prisoners until 1687 when a brick shed, a "Prison for Soldiers", was built to the north-west of the White Tower.

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a  historic  castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

From 1547 onwards, the Tower of London was only used as a royal residence when its political and historic symbolism was considered useful, for instance each of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I briefly stayed at the Tower before their coronations.

The Tower was often a safer place than other prisons in London such as the Fleet, where disease was rife.

Since 1990, the Tower of London has been cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces, which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown.

Most of the early Norman castles were built from timber, but by the end of the 11th century a few, including the Tower of London, had been renovated or replaced with stone.

During this period, the Tower of London held many noble prisoners of war.

He was the last state prisoner to be held at the castle.

In The Tower of London: A Historical Romance he created a vivid image of underground torture chambers and devices for extracting confessions that stuck in the public imagination.

The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078 and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite.

The Tower of London, a historic castle in London, was built to be used as a prison.


Opened on May 24, 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was the first fixed crossing across the East River.

Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge began on January 2, 1870.

The New York and Brooklyn Bridge was opened for use on May 24, 1883.

History | Construction | Nearing completion

By early 1883, the Brooklyn Bridge was considered mostly completed and was projected to open that June.

Public transit service began with the opening of the New York and Brooklyn Bridge Railway, a cable car service, on September 25, 1883.

Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously.

The bridge had cost US$15.5 million in 1883 dollars (about US$411,589,000 in 2019) to build, of which Brooklyn paid two-thirds.

The Supreme Court decided in 1883 that the Brooklyn Bridge was a lawful structure.

History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades

The segment of the BQE from Brooklyn Bridge south to Atlantic Avenue opened in June 1954, but the direct ramp from the northbound BQE to the Manhattan-bound Brooklyn Bridge did not open until 1959.

The bonds to fund the construction would not be paid off until 1956.

Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge dates back to 1870 but the bridge did not open until 1883.


With a family history of tuberculosis, he was forbidden to play sports.

Richard was twelve years old when a spot was found on his lung.

Early life | Primary and secondary education

Harold had been diagnosed with tuberculosis the previous year; when their mother took him to Arizona in the hopes of improving his health, the demands on Richard increased, causing him to give up football.

Post-presidency (1974–1994) | Return to public life

I screwed it up. I screwed it up. Mea culpa. But let's get on to my achievements.

Nixon, Richard M. (1978) RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, Simon & Schuster, ISBN 0-671-70741-8

Presidency (1969–1974) | Foreign policy | China

Nixon followed up by sending Kissinger to China for clandestine meetings with Chinese officials.

Four of the five Nixon boys were named after kings who had ruled in medieval or legendary Britain; Richard, for example, was named after Richard the Lionheart.

Richard Nixon was buried beside his wife Pat on the grounds of the Nixon Library.

Post-presidency (1974–1994) | Author and elder statesman

Her funeral services were held on the grounds of the Richard Nixon Library and Birthplace.

In 1978, Nixon published his memoirs, RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon, the first of ten books

Nixon, Richard M. (1980) The Real War, Sidgwick & Jackson Ltd.

Mourners waited in line for up to eight hours in chilly, wet weather to pay their respects.

Richard Nixon was an athlete growing up.


The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, the Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman conquest of England.

The English army does not appear to have had a significant number of archers.

Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings

Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000–8,000 English troops.

The fyrd and the housecarls both fought on foot, with the major difference between them being the housecarls' superior armour.

It was rare for the whole national fyrd to be called out; between 1046 and 1065 it was only done three times, in 1051, 1052, and 1065.

The English victory came at great cost, as Harold's army was left in a battered and weakened state.

The English army was organised along regional lines, with the fyrd, or local levy, serving under a local magnate – whether an earl, bishop, or sheriff.

The composition of the forces is clearer; the English army was composed almost entirely of infantry and had few archers, whereas only about half of the invading force was infantry, the rest split equally between cavalry and archers.

The English army consisted entirely of infantry.

Harold had spent mid-1066 on the south coast with a large army and fleet waiting for William to invade.

The battle was between Norman-French and English armies.


As a result, Kishimoto apologized to readers for this since volume 43 was more expensive than regular volumes.

" Because of wishing to end the arc involving Sasuke Uchiha search for his brother, Itachi, in a single volume, Kishimoto decided that volume 43 should include more chapters than regular volumes.

In 2010, Viz, the publisher, commented on the loyalty of readers, who reliably continued to buy the manga as the volume count went over 40.In April 2007, volume 14 earned Viz the Manga Trade Paperback of the Year

The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode.

It has become one of Viz Media's best-selling manga series; their English translations of the volumes have appeared on USA Today and The New York Times bestseller list several times, and the seventh volume won a Quill Award in 2006.

In a review of volume 28 Brienza also praised Part II's storyline and characterization, though she commented that not every volume reached a high level of quality.

The volume had one of the biggest debut weeks of any manga in years, becoming the top-selling manga volume of 2008 and the second best-selling book in North America.

Part I of the manga, and were released in 2002 and 2005; the third and fourth volumes appeared in 2008 and 2014.

Foxes (kitsune tsuki) are tricksters in Japanese mythology, and in some stories they take over human bodies; Plumb comments on the obvious similarities to the Nine-Tail sealed in Naruto, and the pranks Naruto plays.

He found it difficult to write about romance, but emphasized it more in Part II of the manga, beginning with volume 28.

The series has over 40 volumes.


She won the 2015 Guinness World Record for most Twitter followers, and became the first person to gain 100 million followers on the site in June 2017.

Keith Caulfield of Billboard stated that the singer is "the rare celebrity who seems to have enormous popularity but genuine ground-level interaction with her adoring KatyCats." With a combined total of over 269 million followers across Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter, she is the fifth most followed musician across social media.

On social media, Perry surpassed Justin Bieber as the most followed person on Twitter in November 2013.

In June 2017, Time listed Perry among its "25 Most Influential People on the Internet" of the year, writing that her live-stream for Witness was "blazing a trail" for being "the closest any major entertainer has come to giving fans the kind of 'real' intimacy that social media purports to provide".

Life and career | 1999–2006: Career beginnings

She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name.

Perry signed with Red Hill Records and released her debut studio album Katy Hudson under her birth name in 2001, which was commercially unsuccessful.

Perry signed with Red Hill Records and recorded her debut album, a gospel record titled Katy Hudson, which was released on March 6, 2001.

In film, she released an autobiographical documentary titled Katy Perry: Part of Me in 2012, and voiced Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs and its sequel in 2013.

Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining

After adopting the stage name Katy Perry and being dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group and Columbia Records, she signed a recording contract with Capitol Records in April 2007.

In 2013, Katy Perry signed an agreement with Facebook to exclusively use that social media site to interact with her fans.


The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.

One night, Ralph and Piggy decide to go to one of Jack's feasts.

One night, an aerial battle occurs near the island while the boys sleep, during which a fighter pilot ejects from his plane and dies in the descent.

The episode is about Bart Simpson and his class getting stuck on an island and trying to form a society.

a conch, which Ralph uses as a horn to convene all the survivors to one area.

One day while he is there, Jack and his followers erect an offering to the beast nearby: a pig's head, mounted on a sharpened stick and soon swarming with scavenging flies.

Parallels have been drawn between the "Lord of the Flies" and an actual incident from 1965 when a group of schoolboys who sailed a fishing boat from Tonga were hit by a storm and marooned on the uninhabited island of ʻAta, considered dead by their relatives in Nuku‘alofa.

In 2005, the novel was chosen by Time magazine as one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.

Ralph angrily confronts Jack about his failure to maintain the signal; in frustration Jack assaults Piggy, breaking one of the lenses of his glasses.

At one point, Jack summons all of his hunters to hunt down a wild pig, drawing away those assigned to maintain the signal fire.

Lord of the Flies is a story of a group of boys who are on a stuck on an  island.


Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century BC.

The Iliad (; Ancient Greek: Ἰλιάς, Iliás, Attic Greek pronunciation: [iː.li.ás]; sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an ancient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer.

The Iliad was also the first full epic poem to be translated to Arabic from a foreign language, upon the publication of Al-Boustani's complete work in 1904.

Depiction of warfare | Influence on classical Greek warfare

While the Homeric poems (particularly, the Iliad) were not necessarily revered scripture of the ancient Greeks, they were most certainly seen as guides that were important to the intellectual understanding of any educated Greek citizen.

Major characters | Gods | Divine intervention

they are familiar with. This connection of emotions to actions is just one example out of many that occur throughout the poem.

In the final book of the poem Homer writes, “He offended Athena and Hera—both goddesses.”

Ultimately, while Homeric (or epic) fighting is certainly not completely replicated in later Greek warfare, many of its ideals, tactics, and instruction are.

Homer also came to be of great influence in European culture with the resurgence of interest in Greek antiquity during the Renaissance, and it remains the first and most influential work of the Western canon.

Influence on arts and pop culture | 20th century arts

Simone Weil wrote the essay "The Iliad or the Poem of Force" in 1939, shortly after the commencement of World War II.

The masculine one-on-one fighting of epic is manifested in phalanx fighting on the emphasis of holding one's position in formation.

The Iliad is an ancient Greek epic poem that is one of the oldest complete pieces of writings that came out of the western world  hundreds of years before christ entered.


John Christopher Depp II (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, producer, and musician.

was the comeback role Johnny Depp needed?

Producer Scott Rudin has stated that "basically Johnny Depp is playing Tim Burton in all his movies"; although Burton disapproved of the comment, Depp agrees with it.

The film was based on a Gothic soap opera of the same name, which had aired in 1966–1971 and had been one of his favorites as a child.

The company's first production came in 2011 with The Rum Diary, adapted from the novel of the same name by Hunter S. Thompson.

Kenneth Branagh directed the film, an adaptation of the classic novel of the same name by Agatha Christie, and also played detective Hercule Poirot.

He portrayed Joseph D. Pistone, an undercover FBI Agent who assumes the name 'Donnie Brasco' in order to infiltrate the mafia in New York City.

Depp's choice to portray Tonto, a Native American character, in The Lone Ranger was criticized, along with his choice to name his rock band "Tonto's Giant Nuts".

Depp was a fan and friend of writer Hunter S. Thompson, and played his alter ego Raoul Duke in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (1998), Terry Gilliam's film adaptation of Thompson's pseudobiographical novel of the same name.

The Kids set out together for Los Angeles in pursuit of a record deal, changing their name to Six Gun Method, but the group split up before signing a record deal.

Depp has gained critical praise for his portrayals of inept screenwriter-director Ed Wood in the film of the same name (1994), undercover FBI agent Joseph D. Pistone in Donnie Brasco (1997), author J. M. Barrie in Finding Neverland (2004) and Boston gangster

Johnny Depp is named after his father.


He was named Charles in French and English, Carolus in Latin, after his grandfather, Charles Martel.

Later Old French historians dubbed him Charles le Magne (Charles the Great), becoming Charlemagne in English after the Norman conquest of England.

Charles' achievements gave a new meaning to his name.

Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Formation of a new Aquitaine

The French name, Gascony, derives from Vasconia.

The epithet Carolus Magnus was widely used, leading to numerous translations into many languages of Europe.

Charlemagne (English: ; French: [ʃaʁləmaɲ]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800.

This development parallels that of the name of the Caesars in the original Roman Empire, which became kaiser and tsar (or czar), among others.

He is not enumerated among the 28 saints named "Charles" in the Roman Martyrology.

In many languages of Europe, the very word for "king" derives from his name; e.g., Polish: król, Ukrainian: король (korol'), Czech: král, Slovak: kráľ, Hungarian: király, Lithuanian: karalius, Latvian: karalis, Russian: король, Macedonian: крал, Bulgarian: крал, Romanian: crai, Serbo-Croatian: краљ/kralj, Turkish: kral.

The Merovingian dynasty was thereby replaced by the Carolingian dynasty, named after Charles Martel.

Charlemagne was named Charles in French or English and Carolus in Latin.


Igor was the third of their four sons; his brothers were Roman, Yury, and Gury.

According to Taruskin, Stravinsky's second ballet for the Ballet Russes, Petrushka, is where "Stravinsky at last became Stravinsky.

A fictionalization of the supposed affair formed the basis of the novel Coco and Igor (2002) and a film, Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009).

Biography | Life in the United States, 1939–1971 | 1945–1968

In 1966, Stravinsky completed his last major work, the Requiem Canticles.

In 1923, Erik Satie wrote an article about Igor Stravinsky in Vanity Fair.

Biography | Ballets for Diaghilev and international fame, 1909–1920

Diaghilev commissioned Stravinsky to score a second ballet for the 1911 Paris season.

Igor Stravinsky found recordings a practical and useful tool in preserving his thoughts on the interpretation of his music.

Music | Neoclassical period (c. 1920–1954)

In 1951, he completed his last neoclassical work, the opera

In September, they moved to Clarens, Switzerland where their second son, Sviatoslav (Soulima), was born.

There were reports of fistfights in the audience and the need for a police presence during the second act.

Igor Stravinsky was second last among his 4 siblings.


The reader follows the narration of junkie William Lee, who takes on various aliases, from the U.S. to Mexico, eventually to Tangier and the dreamlike Interzone.

Upon publication, Grove Press added to the book supplementary material regarding the censorship battle as well as an article written by Burroughs on the topic of drug addiction.

The vignettes (which Burroughs called "routines") are drawn from Burroughs' own experiences in these places and his addiction to drugs: heroin, morphine and, while in Tangier, majoun (a strong hashish confection), as well as a German opioid with the brand name Eukodol (oxycodone), of which he wrote frequently.

Naked Lunch. Naked Lunch. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 0

Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a 1959 novel by American writer William S. Burroughs.

Naked Lunch (the restored text ed.).

Naked Lunch is considered Burroughs' seminal work.

, Naked Lunch also protests the death penalty.

When Lee asks for Hauser instead, the reply is identical; Lee hangs up, and goes on the run once again.

The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press.

Naked Lunch is a non-linear narrative without a clear plot.

Naked Lunch is about a drug addict who assumes multiple identities.


His father, Ilya Petrovich Tchaikovsky, had served as a lieutenant colonel and engineer in the Department of Mines, and would manage the Kamsko-Votkinsk Ironworks.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) in the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military service.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский, IPA: [pʲɵtr ɪlʲˈjitɕ tɕɪjˈkofskʲɪj] (listen); 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period.

In 1855, Tchaikovsky's father funded private lessons with Rudolph Kündinger and questioned him about a musical career for his son.

Tchaikovsky's father, who had also contracted cholera but recovered fully, sent him back to school immediately in the hope that classwork would occupy the boy's mind.

Life | Belyayev circle and growing reputation

The following year, the University of Cambridge in England awarded Tchaikovsky an honorary Doctor of Music degree.

According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's "strongest, longest and purest love".

His grandfather, Pyotr Fedorovich Tchaikovsky (né Petro Fedorovych Chaika), was born in the village of Mikolayivka, Poltava Gubernia, Russian Empire (present day Ukraine), and served first as a physician's assistant in the army and later as city governor of Glazov in Vyatka.

Music | Reception | Dedicatees and collaborators

Tchaikovsky's relationship with collaborators was mixed.

Nor did he change his opinion as Tchaikovsky's reputation grew.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's father was a doctor.