Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

In October 2008, the club announced a plan to build a new stadium immediately to the north of the existing White Hart Lane stadium, with the southern half of the new stadium's pitch overlapping the northern part of the Lane.

Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane

Domestic fixtures of the 2016–17 season continued to be played at the Lane, but demolition of the rest of the stadium started the day after the last game of the season, and White Hart Lane was completely demolished by the end of July 2017.

As this reduced the stadium capacity below that required for European games, Tottenham Hotspur played every European home game in 2016–17 at Wembley Stadium.

The White Hart Lane ground was built on a disused plant nursery owned by the brewery Charringtons and located behind a public house named the White Hart on Tottenham High Road (the road White Hart Lane actually lies a few hundred yards north of the main entrance).

Minor amendments to the seating configuration were made in 2006, bringing the capacity of the stadium to 36,310.By the turn of the millennium, the capacity of White Hart Lane had become lower than other major Premier League clubs.

The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached.

Tottenham Hotspur Stadium has been the club's home ground since April 2019, replacing their former home of White Hart Lane, which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site.

While it was under construction, all Tottenham home games in the 2017–18 season as well as all but five in 2018–19 were played at Wembley Stadium.

They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991–92 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game).

After Spurs were admitted to the Football League, the club started to build a new stadium, with stands designed by Archibald Leitch being constructed over the next two and a half decades.

Tottenham Hotspur Football Club plays in the White Hart Lane Stadium.


With 83 million inhabitants of its 16 constituent states, it is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, as well as the most populous member state of the European Union.

The Europa-Park near Freiburg is Europe's second most popular theme park resort.

The unemployment rate published by Eurostat amounts to 3.2% as of January 2020, which is the fourth-lowest in the EU.Germany

Its GDP per capita measured in purchasing power standards amounts to 121% of the EU27 average (100%).

History | Reunified Germany and the European Union

The relocation of the government was completed in 1999, and modernisation of the east German economy was scheduled to last until 2019.Since reunification, Germany has taken a more active role in the European Union, signing the Maastricht Treaty in 1992 and the Lisbon Treaty in 2007, and co-founding the Eurozone.

With a population of 80.2 million according to the 2011 census, rising to 83.1 million as of 2019, Germany is the most populous country in the European Union, the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the 19th most populous country in the world.

The German term Deutschland, originally diutisciu land ("the German lands") is derived from deutsch, descended from Old High German diutisc "of the people" (from diot or diota "people"), originally used to distinguish the language of the common people from Latin and its Romance descendants.

History | Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany

In total 17 million people were systematically murdered, including 6 million Jews,

Kristallnacht saw the burning of synagogues, the destruction of Jewish businesses, and mass arrests of Jewish people.

History | Germanic tribes and Frankish Empire

Around 260, Germanic peoples broke into Roman-controlled lands.

Germany has the 2nd most amount of people in Europe and the most in Europe's Union.


It was the largest naval battle in Western history since classical antiquity, involving more than 400 warships.

The Battle of Lepanto was a naval engagement that took place on 7 October 1571 when a fleet of the Holy League, a coalition of European Catholic states arranged by Pope Pius V, inflicted a major defeat on the fleet of the Ottoman Empire in the Gulf of Patras.

The victory of the Holy League is of great importance in the history of Europe and of the Ottoman Empire, marking the turning-point of Ottoman military expansion into the Mediterranean, although the Ottoman wars in Europe would continue for another century.

In the history of naval warfare, Lepanto marks the last major engagement in the Western world to be fought almost entirely between rowing vessels, namely the galleys and galeasses which were the direct descendants of ancient trireme warships.

The Ottoman forces were sailing westward from their naval station in Lepanto (the Venetian name of ancient Naupactus—Greek Ναύπακτος, Ottoman İnebahtı) when they met the fleet of the Holy League which was sailing east from Messina, Sicily.

the Ottoman, to the Day of the Great and Victorious Battle against the Turks was published in 1572, a few months after Lepanto.

Historian Paul K. Davis writes that, "More than a military victory, Lepanto was a moral one.

However, the Holy League failed to capitalize on the victory, and while the Ottoman defeat has often been cited as the historical turning-point initiating the eventual stagnation of Ottoman territorial expansion, this was by no means an immediate consequence; even though the Christian victory at Lepanto confirmed the de facto division of the Mediterranean, with the eastern half under firm Ottoman control and the western under the Habsburgs and their Italian allies, halting the Ottoman encroachment on Italian territories, the Holy League did not regain any territories that had been lost to the Ottomans prior to Lepanto.

Over the following decades, the increasing importance of the galleon and the line of battle tactic would displace the galley as the major warship of its era, marking the beginning of the "Age of Sail".

The Holy League credited the victory to the Virgin Mary, whose intercession with God they had implored for victory through the use of the Rosary.

The Battle of Lepanto was a  1571 military victory for the Holy League against Ottoman warships, with over four hundred naval vessels in all.


The official figure from Pinterest was announced as 150 million monthly active users in October 2016 - 70 million in the U.S. and 80 million outside the U.S. - rising to 175 million monthly active users in April 2017 and 250 million in September 2018.

The post contributed to scrutiny over Pinterest's legal status.

Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without permission.

Pinterest is a free website that requires registration to use.

Data from Pinterest has been used for research in different areas.

The URX team's expertise in mobile content discovery and recommendation would prove critical to helping Pinterest understand its corpus of over 100 billion pins, to better recommend them to its users.

Pinterest data can be also used in quality assessment of Wikipedia articles and their sources in different languages.

Pinterest has a notification system that copyright holders can use to request that content be removed from the site.

Features and content | Pinterest Analytics

It is a created service that generates comprehensive statistics on a specific website's traffic, commonly used by marketers.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) safe harbor status of Pinterest has been questioned given that it actively promotes its users to copy to Pinterest, for their perpetual use, any image on the Internet.

Social engineering of Pinterest users by scammers to propagate surveys promising free products was noted by the computer security firm Symantec in March 2012.

Pinterest is used by over 200,000,000 people.


The soundtrack uses a variety of music genres, including Spaghetti Western and R&B. Prominent in the latter part of the film is David Bowie's theme from the 1982 film Cat People.

Inglourious Basterds opened internationally at number one in 22 markets on 2,650 screens, making $27.49 million.

Inglourious Basterds was later ranked #62 on a BBC critics' poll of the greatest films since 2000.

Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, "With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction," and that it was "one hell of an enjoyable ride." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that "Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights.

By 2002, Tarantino found Inglourious Basterds to be a bigger film than planned and saw that other directors were working on World War II films.

When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, " The Basterds?

Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds.

Tarantino originally wanted Ennio Morricone to compose the film's soundtrack.

He further commented on Late Show with David Letterman that Inglourious Basterds is a "Quentin Tarantino spelling".

The soundtrack, the first of Tarantino's not to include dialogue excerpts, was released on August 18, 2009.

The film Inglourious Basterds did not have on its soundtrack "Under Pressure."


Dukas was born in Paris, the second son in a Jewish family of three children.

Paul Abraham Dukas (French: [dykas]; 1 October 1865 – 17 May 1935) was a French composer, critic, scholar and teacher.

At a time when French musicians were divided into conservative and progressive factions, Dukas adhered to neither but retained the admiration of both.

Though adhering to neither the progressive nor conservative factions among French musicians of the era, Dukas had the friendship and respect of both.

In tandem with his composing career, Dukas worked as a music critic, contributing regular reviews to at least five French journals.

In Dukas's piano works critics have discerned the influence of Beethoven, or, "Beethoven as he was interpreted to the French mind by César Franck".

La Péri was written for the Russian-French dancer Natalia Trouhanova, who starred in the first performance at the Châtelet in 1912.

Based on a tragedy by Corneille, the work, like many French works of the period, shows the influence of Wagner, but is coherent and displays some individuality.

In 1920, Vincent d'Indy published a study of Dukas's music; Debussy remained a lifelong friend, though feeling that Dukas's music was not French enough; Saint-Saëns worked with Dukas to complete an unfinished opera by Guiraud, and they were both engaged in the rediscovery and editing of the works of Jean-Philippe Rameau; Fauré dedicated his Second Piano Quintet to Dukas in 1921.In 1920, he became a member of the Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium.

Shortly before his death he had been working on a symphonic poem inspired by Shakespeare's The Tempest, a play of which he had made a French translation in 1918 with an operatic version in mind.

Its ideational luxuriance, nobility of utterance and architectural solidity mark it as one of the most conspicuous achievements of contemporaneous writing, and magnificently refute the generally prevalent notion that no French composer has ever produced a great symphony." Like Franck's only symphony, Dukas's is in three movements rather than the conventional four.

Dukas was French.


Willie Howard Mays Jr. (born May 6, 1931), nicknamed "The Say Hey Kid", is an American former professional baseball center fielder, who spent almost all of his 22-season Major League Baseball (MLB) career playing for the New York/San Francisco Giants, before finishing with the New York Mets.

The Mets agreed to keep him but mandated that he stay at home games for at least four innings.

The band Widespread Panic makes reference to Mays in the song "One Arm Steve" from their album 'Til the Medicine Takes.

Professional baseball | Major leagues | New York Mets (1972–73)

Mays is the only major league player to have hit a home run in every inning from the 1st through the 16th innings.

Special honors and tributes | Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award

In September 2017, Major League Baseball announced their decision to rename the World Series Most Valuable Player Award after Mays, and it has since been referred to as the Willie Mays World Series Most Valuable Player Award.

According to Mays, Peter Magowan considered naming him the Giants' manager when he purchased the team after the 1992 season, but Mays was not interested because he had doubts about his ability to succeed in that capacity.

Mays has his own charity, the Say Hey Foundation, which promotes youth baseball.

Mays did teach the players skills, however; Lee Mazzilli learned the basket catch from him.

Mays established a reputation for missing appointments during these years, and he also tended to go home before the start of games.

Like Mays, Mantle had gone to work for an Atlantic City casino and had been required to give up any baseball positions he held.

It is not clear how Mays became known as the "Say Hey Kid." One story is that in 1951, Barney Kremenko, a writer for the New York Journal, began to refer to Mays as the 'Say Hey Kid' after he overheard Mays say, "'Say who,' 'Say what,' 'Say where,' 'Say hey'".

Mays was sometimes referred to in MLB as "Willie Hay".


The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book.

Pride and Prejudice is a romantic novel of manners written by Jane Austen in 1813.

It has become one of the most popular novels in English literature, with over 20 million copies sold, and has inspired many derivatives in modern literature.

Adaptations | Film, television and theatre

Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations.

Some of the notable film versions include that of 1940, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and that of 2005, starring Keira Knightley (an Oscar-nominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen.

She later renamed the story Pride and Prejudice around about 1811/1812, which she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to Thomas Egerton for £110 (equivalent to £7,381 in 2019).

Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation.

For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences.

The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's Book at Bedtime, abridged by Sara Davies and read by Sophie Thompson.

Books inspired by Pride and Prejudice include the following:  Mr Darcy's Daughters and The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy by Elizabeth Aston

Pamela Aidan is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of Pride and Prejudice from Mr Darcy's point of view: Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman.

The novel Pride and Prejudice was adapted into a film in 2005 and the book has sold over 20 million copies.


Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty.

Puyi is also known to have used an English given name, "Henry", which he chose from a list of English kings given to him by his English-language teacher, Scotsman Reginald Johnston, after Puyi asked for an English name.

Pu Yi, Henry (2010) Pu Yi, Henry (2010) [1967]. The Last Manchu: The Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China.

As Puyi was also the last ruling Emperor of China, he is widely known as "The Last Emperor" (Chinese: 末代皇帝; pinyin: Mòdài Huángdì; Wade–Giles: Mo4-tai4 Huang2-ti4) in China and throughout the rest of the world.

Biography | Emperor of China (1908–1912)

The Last Emperor, which downplays Puyi's cruelty considerably.

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

The next day, Puyi abdicated as Emperor of Manchukuo and declared in his last decree that Manchukuo was once again part of China.

From 1963 onward, Puyi regularly gave press conferences praising life in the People's Republic of China, and foreign diplomats often sought him out, curious to meet the famous "Last Emperor" of China.

The Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr wrote about Puyi's powers as emperor of China, which allowed him to fire his air-gun at anyone he liked: The Emperor was Divine.

Behr, Edward (1987). The Last Emperor.

Working as a simple gardener gave Puyi a degree of happiness he had never known as an emperor, though he was notably clumsy.

Puyi was known as Henry and was the last Emperor of China.


It was the first public national museum in the world.

History | Collecting from the wider world (1850–1875)

Under his supervision, the British Museum Library (now part of the British Library) quintupled in size and became a well-organised institution worthy of being called a national library, the largest library in the world after the National Library of Paris.

The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public.

The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum – national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything.

Roughly contemporary with the construction of the new building was the career of a man sometimes called the "second founder" of the British Museum, the Italian librarian Anthony Panizzi.

However, the Paul Hamlyn Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011.

In 1846 Robert Smirke was replaced as the museum's architect by his brother Sydney Smirke, whose major addition was the Round Reading Room 1854–1857; at 140 feet (43 m) in diameter it was then the second widest dome in the world, the Pantheon in Rome being slightly wider.

The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum.

The museum nevertheless preserves its universality in its collections of artefacts representing the cultures of the world, ancient and modern.

Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.

British Museum is the second museum to be open to public in the world.


The Meiji Restoration (Japanese: 明治維新, Hepburn: Meiji Ishin), referred to at the time as the Honorable Restoration (御一新, Goisshin), and also known as the Meiji Renovation, Revolution, Reform, or Renewal, was an event that restored practical imperial rule to the Empire of Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji.

Although there were ruling Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan.[2]

These two leaders supported the Emperor Kōmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ryōma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power.

The foundation of the Meiji Restoration was the 1866 Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance between Saigō Takamori and Kido Takayoshi, leaders of the reformist elements in the Satsuma Domain and Chōshū Domain.

After Kōmei's death on January 30, 1867, Meiji ascended the throne on February 3.

This was effectively the "restoration" (Taisei Hōkan) of imperial rule – although Yoshinobu still had significant influence and it was not until January 3, the following year, with the young Emperor's edict, that the restoration fully occurred.

This reflected their belief in the more traditional practice of imperial rule, whereby the Emperor of Japan serves solely as the spiritual authority of the nation and his ministers govern the nation in his name.

The leaders of the Meiji Restoration, as this revolution came to be known, acted in the name of restoring imperial rule to strengthen Japan against the threat of being colonized represented by the colonial powers of the day, bringing to an end the era known as sakoku (the foreign relations policy, lasting about 250 years, prescribing the death penalty for foreigners entering or Japanese nationals leaving the country).

1.^ Although the political system was consolidated under the Emperor, power was mainly transferred to a group of people, known as the Meiji oligarchy (and Genrō), who helped in the restoration of imperial power.

Emperor Meiji announced in his 1868 Charter Oath that "Knowledge shall be sought all over the world, and thereby the foundations of imperial rule shall be strengthened.

Meiji Restoration was an dishonorable event that restored practical imperial rule


The main exports from Sweden were iron and copper.

Between 800 and 1000, trade brought an abundance of silver to Gotland, and according to some scholars, the Gotlanders of this era hoarded more silver than the rest of the population of Scandinavia combined.

Sweden's engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports, while telecommunications, the automotive industry and the pharmaceutical industries are also of great importance.

Sweden is an export-oriented mixed economy.

Sweden is the ninth-largest arms exporter in the world.

By August 2014, 40% of home borrowers had interest-only loans while those that didn't were repaying principal at a rate that would take 100 years to fully repay.

Among others, Swedish companies export weapons that were used by the American military in Iraq.

In the 18th century, Sweden did not have enough resources to maintain its territories outside Scandinavia, and most of them were lost, culminating with the loss in 1809 of eastern Sweden to Russia, which became the highly autonomous Grand Principality of Finland in Imperial Russia.

Sweden was in 2014 a net exporter of electricity by a margin of 16 TWh; the production from windpower mills had increased to 11.5 TWh.

In 2007, with over 800 million dollars in revenue, Sweden was the third-largest music exporter in the world and surpassed only by the US and the UK.

Sweden's principal export was silver


Historical allusions | Real pirates and piracy

Historian Luis Junco suggests that Treasure Island is in fact a marriage of the story of the murder of Captain George Glas on board the Earl of Sandwich in 1765 and the taking of the ship Walrus off the island of La Graciosa near Tenerife.

The name "Israel Hands" was taken from that of a real pirate in Blackbeard's crew, whom Blackbeard maimed (by shooting him in the knee) simply to ensure that his crew remained in terror of him.

Five real-life pirates mentioned are William Kidd (active 1696–99), Blackbeard (1716–18), Edward England (1717–20), Howell Davis (1718–19), and Bartholomew Roberts (1718–22).

The viceroy had much of his treasure with him, making this capture one of the richest pirate hauls ever.

No such exploit of England's is known, nor any ship by the name of the Viceroy of the Indies.

Although he never visited Ireland, Stevenson based at least two other books, Kidnapped and Catriona on real crimes that were perpetrated in Dublin.

David Kelly in his book Pirates of the Carraigin deals with the piracy and murder of Captain Glas and others on board a ship travelling from Tenerife to London by the Ship's Cook and his gang.

The pirates of La Graciosa buried their treasure there before they were all killed during a bloody battle with the British navy.

1689: A pirate whistles "Lillibullero" (1689). 1702: The Admiral Benbow Inn where Jim and his mother live is named after the real life Admiral John Benbow (1653–1702).

originally England's second in command who had marooned him for being insufficiently ruthless), together with his pirate partner, Olivier Levasseur, captured the vessel Nostra Senhora

Scudamore was found guilty of willingly serving with Roberts' pirates and various related criminal acts, as well as attempting to lead a rebellion to escape once he had been apprehended.

The book makes allusions to real historical pirates such as Blackbeard and Calico Jack.


It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth.

Gravity is a 2013 science fiction thriller film directed by Alfonso Cuarón, who also co-wrote, co-edited and produced the film.

Despite not winning Best Film, Gravity won six awards, the greatest number of awards in 2013.

Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role, and she was cast in October 2010.

Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission.

The film was also awarded six BAFTA Awards, including Outstanding British Film and Best Director, the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, seven Critics' Choice Movie Awards, the 2013 Ray Bradbury Award, and the 2014 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation.

At the end of the weekend Gravity emerged victorious, generating $35.76 million in six days.

Gravity also won the 2014 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation, Long Form.

At the 86th Academy Awards, Gravity received ten nominations, including Best Actress for Bullock and Best Picture, and won seven awards, including Best Director, Best Original Score, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects.

Cuarón won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director, and the film was also nominated for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actress – Drama for Bullock and Best Original Score.

The film Gravity stars Sandra Bullock and was produced in the UK and won six BAFTAs.


Presidency (1969–1974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Resignation

In light of his loss of political support and the near-certainty that he would be impeached and removed from office, Nixon resigned the presidency on August 9, 1974, after addressing the nation on television the previous evening.

On August 9, 1974, he resigned in the face of almost certain impeachment and removal from office—the only time an American president has done so.

The resignation speech was delivered from the Oval Office and was carried live on radio and television.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate

In July 1973, White House aide Alexander Butterfield testified under oath to Congress that Nixon had a secret taping system and recorded his conversations and phone calls in the Oval Office.

Post-presidency (1974–1994) | Return to public life

That is perhaps what we were made for—to be able to take punishment beyond what anyone in this office has had before particularly after leaving office.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Foreign policy | Vietnam War

Once American combat support ended, there was a brief truce, before fighting broke out again.

Rhodes told Nixon he faced certain impeachment in the House.

These hearings culminated in votes for impeachment.

Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953–1961)

Nixon went to the historical campus of National University of San Marcos, the oldest university in the Americas, got out of his car to confront the students, and stayed until forced back into the car by a volley of thrown objects.

The House Judiciary Committee opened impeachment hearings against the President on May 9, 1974, which were televised on the major TV networks.

President Richard Nixon was impeached and forced out of the Oval Office before he could resign.


The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes in Japan from 2002 to 2007; the English adaptation of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009.

In September 2005, Japanese television network TV Asahi broadcast a popularity poll based on a nationwide survey in which Naruto placed 17th.

Gō felt readers could empathize with the characters in Naruto via their inner monologue during battles.

The English adaptation is still airing weekly on Adult Swim to this day.

During the exams, Orochimaru, a wanted criminal, invades Konoha and kills the Third Hokage for revenge.

During the search, it is revealed that Orochimaru wishes to train Sasuke because of his powerful genetic heritage, the Sharingan.

During the conflict, it is revealed that Tobi is Obito Uchiha, a former teammate of Kakashi's who was thought to be dead.

As a result of how the younger characters were significantly weaker than the villains, Kishimoto made the ellipsis in order to have them age and become stronger during this time.

The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode.

If we naruto run, we can move faster than their bullets.

The Naruto TV adaptation was transmitted in Europe during the 1990s.


The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV (1559–1565) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562 at Santa Maria Maggiore, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563.

A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545–1547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547–1548 and Trento 1551–1552 A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545–1547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547–1548 and Trento 1551–1552 (Vol III, 1970, 1998); The History of the Council of Trent: Third Period and Conclusion (Vol IV, 1976).

The 1565–73 Examen decretorum Concilii Tridentini (Examination of the Council of Trent) by Martin Chemnitz was the main Lutheran response to the Council of Trent.

More than three hundred years passed until the next ecumenical council, the First Vatican Council, was convened in 1869.

This last period was begun especially as an attempt to prevent the formation of a general council including Protestants, as had  been demanded by some in France.

Background information | A general, free council in Germany

Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent.

The last minute inclusion of a decree on sacred images was a French initiative, and the text, never discussed on the floor of the council or referred to council theologians, was based on a French draft.

Much more than the Second Council of Nicaea (787) the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images.

When the last period began, all intentions of conciliating the Protestants was gone and the Jesuits had become a strong force.

The Council of Trent lasted 18 years.


The poem is not a conventional part of the Classical genre of Theocritan elegy, because it does not mourn an individual.

Critical response | 20th-century response

But in the Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard these longstanding and very human concerns have their most affecting expression.

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard is a poem by Thomas Gray, completed in 1750 and first published in 1751.

On 3 June 1750, Gray moved to Stoke Poges, and on 12 June he completed Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard.

One favourite theme was a meditation among ruins, such as John Langhorne's Written among the ruins of Pontefract Castle (1756),

Another individual book was created in 1910 by the illuminator Sidney Farnsworth, hand written in italic script with a mediaeval decorative surround and more modern-looking inset illustrations.

His "A Summer Evening Churchyard, Lechlade, Gloucestershire" is metrically more inventive and written in a six-line stanza that terminates Gray's cross-rhymed quatrain with a couplet.

later "Prison Thoughts: An elegy, written in the King's Bench Prison", dating from 1816 and printed in 1821.

Edward Moore's “An elegy, written among the ruins of a nobleman's seat in Cornwall" (1756) and John Cunningham's "An elegy on a pile of ruins" (1761).

In 1995, Lorna Clymer argued, "The dizzying series of displacements and substitutions of subjects, always considered a crux in Thomas Gray's "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" (1751), results from a complex manipulation of epitaphic rhetoric." Later, Robert Mack, in 2000, explained that "Gray's Elegy is numbered high among the very greatest poems in the English tradition precisely because of its simultaneous accessibility and inscrutability." He went on to claim that the poem "was very soon to transform his life – and to transform or at least profoundly affect the development of lyric poetry in English".

He also provided a final note explaining that the poem was written "to make it appear a day scene, and as such to contrast it with the twilight scene of my excellent Friend's Elegy".

Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard was not written about any one specific individual.


BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix.

In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend.

Don't sleep on this movie". In his review of the film for Vulture, David Edelstein found the film to be a potent antidote for previous films which Lee sees as unduly supportive of the racist viewpoint in the past, such as Griffith's The Birth of a Nation.

The website's critical consensus reads, "BlacKkKlansman uses history to offer bitingly trenchant commentary on current events—and brings out some of Spike Lee's hardest-hitting work in decades along the way.

On April 12, 2018, the film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered on May 14.

It opened in the United States on August 10, 2018, which was chosen to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the Charlottesville rally.

The film stars John David Washington as Stallworth, along with Adam Driver, Laura Harrier, and Topher Grace.

After passing information to the Army CID about active duty members, he learns from an FBI agent that two members are personnel stationed at NORAD.

If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough."Filmmaker

It was theatrically released in the United States on August 10, 2018, a day before the first anniversary of the Unite the Right rally.

BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay.

The BlacKkKlansman movie was released along with two other movies.


In Act IV, a wedding masque serves as a play-within-the play, and contributes spectacle, allegory, and elevated language.

Performance history | Literature and art

Of the 40, only 12 are direct depictions of the action of the play: the others are based on action before the play begins, or on images such as "full fathom five thy father lies" or "sounds and sweet airs that give delight and hurt not".

Thy mother was a piece of virtue, and

The adaptation focused heavily on the post-colonial legacy of the play, featuring as it did a racially mixed cast of young Londoners.

The 29-minute production, directed by Stanislav Sokolov and featuring Timothy West as the voice of Prospero, used stop-motion puppets to capture the fairy-tale quality of the play.

The play was one of the six Shakespearean plays (and

The Tempest has more music than any other Shakespeare play, and has proved more popular as a subject for composers than most of Shakespeare's plays.

The Tempest is the first play in the publication.

Because of the small role women play in the story in comparison to other Shakespeare plays, The Tempest has attracted much feminist criticism.

The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610–1611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone.

This play prominently features a fictional play inside it.


Another element of the plot was based on the experience of one of Diamond's friends, who returned home after breaking up with his girlfriend to find that she had committed suicide in his bed.

Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as "a dirty fairy tale".

They begin playing a game of gin rummy as Fran reveals that she has always suffered bad luck in her love life.

Scolding Bud for his apparent philandering, Dreyfuss advises him to "be a mensch, a human being." Fran spends two days recuperating in the apartment, while Bud does his best to entertain and distract her from any suicidal thoughts, and a bond develops between them.

However, due to the Hays Production Code, Wilder was unable to make a film about adultery in the 1940s.

In another scene, where Lemmon was supposed to mime being punched, he failed to move correctly, and was accidentally knocked down.

Fran insists on resuming their gin rummy game, telling Bud she is now free as well.

He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day.

He tells her he once attempted suicide himself over unrequited feelings for a girl who now sends him a fruitcake every Christmas.

In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine.

In the film, The Apartment, there are characters who commit adultery, suicide, play mimes that argue, and entertain themselves with a well-known pursuit of cards.

card game.


History | 2013–2016: V, return of Carmichael and new lineup

Despite the name, Maroon 5 has now with seven members of the new lineup.

Current members  Adam Levine – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1994–present), lead guitar (1994–2001) Jesse Carmichael – keyboards, rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1994–2012, 2014–present) James Valentine – lead guitar, backing vocals (2001–present) Matt Flynn – drums (2006–present; touring member 2004–2006) PJ Morton – keyboards,

History | 2002–2006: Songs About Jane and Dusick's departure

Maroon 5 played Live 8, in Philadelphia in 2005.

On November 8, 2012, Maroon 5 performed "Daylight", the third single of the album was debuted on The Voice.

History | 1994–2001: Kara's Flowers and the formation of Maroon 5

Three of the five members of the band started playing together at age 12.

The four original members of the band met while attending Brentwood School in Los Angeles.

Berkman told HitQuarters he believed what the band needed was a "fifth member to play the guitar and free up the singer,

History | 2019–present: Super Bowl LIII halftime show, Madden's departure and upcoming seventh studio album

On June 8, the band performed in Capital's Summertime Ball, in the UK.

In January 2012, he announced that Maroon 5 had changed the location of their post-Grammy Awards show because of the "unnamed Los Angeles restaurant's backing of Proposition 8".

Songs About Jane consists of songs about Levine's ex-girlfriend Jane Herman.

Maroon 5 actually consists of 8 members in the band.


After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle.

Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut.

Film, television or theatrical adaptations

Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut.

Includes "14th Calypso," "119th Calypso," and "Nice Very Nice." Narrated by Kurt Vonnegut.

Vonnegut collaborated with US composer Dave Soldier for a CD titled Ice-9 Ballads, featuring nine songs with lyrics taken from Cat's Cradle.

Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964.

Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters.

Vonnegut himself has claimed that his books "are essentially mosaics made up of a whole bunch of tiny little chips...and each chip is a joke." After World War II, Kurt Vonnegut worked in the public relations department for the General Electric research company.

Additionally, the book was also challenged in 1982 at New Hampshire's Merrimack High School.

More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme.

Kurt Vonnegut wrote Cat's Cradle before he earned his master's from the school that had rejected him previously.


The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015.

The band went on hiatus in January 2016, allowing all members to pursue other projects.

One Direction became the only group in the 58-year history of the Billboard 200 albums chart to have their first four albums debut at number one.

History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction

At 16:00 (GMT+1) on 23 July 2020, One Direction premiered  a 4 minutes and 57 seconds video of memories of One Direction titled "10 Years of One Direction" in celebration of their anniversary.

The group also released an autobiography book titled Who We Are on 25 September 2014.On 8 September 2014, One Direction announced their fourth studio album to be titled Four, set to be released on 17 November 2014.

On 22 July 2020, One Direction posted on their Twitter, Instagram and YouTube accounts a picture with the words "10 Years of One Direction" written in it and the caption "Tomorrow!

Up All Night (2011) Take Me Home (2012) Midnight Memories (2013) Four (2014) Made in the A.M. (2015) One Direction has received seven Brit Awards, seven American Music Awards, six Billboard Music Awards, five Billboard Touring Awards, and four MTV Video Music Awards, among other awards.

On 23 July 2020, One Direction announced a new website (10yearsof1d.com) for fans to relieve their favourite One Direction memories, but it soon crashed shortly after its announcement due to the high volume of fans entering at once.

Members Payne, Horan, Tomlinson and Styles also posted on their individual social media pages, thanking their fans and all five current/former members for the support given through the past 10 years.

On 21 July 2014, One Direction announced One Direction: Where We Are - The Concert Film, a film which documents the concerts of 28 and 29 June 2014 that took place in San Siro Stadium during their

"What Makes You Beautiful" and "One Thing", spent six months in Stockholm developing songs for the album, and were able to shape melodies around their tones.

One Direction is a six man troupe that is now four because one member left in 2016.


The couple reportedly split in June 2019.Two years after the death of his father from lung cancer in 2011, he relocated to Los Angeles with his mother.

Cooper's father was of Irish descent, while his mother is of Italian ancestry (from Abruzzo and Naples).

His father, Charles Cooper, worked as a stockbroker for Merrill Lynch.

At an early age, his father introduced him to films like The Elephant Man, which inspired him to be an actor.

Career | Breakthrough and success (2009–2012)

The director was impressed by his performance in Wedding Crashers, citing his "good bad-guy energy" and unpredictability as justification for casting; he also thought that Cooper would be able to demonstrate emotion and vulnerability on screen.

Career | Commercial fluctuations (2013–2017)

The film, and Cooper's performance, received generally positive reviews.

Cooper's early years in the entertainment industry were marred with difficulties.

Cooper's films have earned a total of $11.2 billion worldwide.

Cooper's preparation also included lessons with a vocal coach, and studying footage of Kyle.

He's Just Not That Into You. Cooper's breakthrough role came in Todd Phillips' comedy The Hangover (2009).

Cooper's father died from a bad motorcycle accident.


The first volume was released on November 20, 2018.

The eighth and final season premiered on April 14, 2019.

Publishing history | First three novels (1991–2000)

George R. R. Martin was already a successful fantasy and sci-fi author and TV writer before writing his A Song of Ice and Fire book series.

Fire & Blood is Martin's complete history of House Targaryen, to be released in two volumes.

A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.

With the popularity of the series growing, HBO optioned A Song of Ice and Fire for a television adaptation in 2007.

George R. R. Martin believes the most profound influences to be the ones experienced in childhood.

The first scholarly monograph on the series is George R. R. Martin and the Fantasy Form, by New Zealand scholar Joseph Rex Young.

George R. R. Martin earned his following the hard way, by word of mouth, by hooking his characters into the psyche of his readers to an extent that most writers of fantasy only dream of.

All three of these stories were incorporated as parts of Fire and Blood, a book chronicling the history of the Targaryen line.

Inspiration and writing | Writing process

However, with A Song of Ice and Fire series evolving into the biggest and most ambitious story he has ever attempted writing, he still has two more books to finish as of 2020.

A Song of Ice and Fire takes place in a fictional world in which seasons last for years and end unpredictably.

A Song of Ice and Fire author, George R. R. Martin wrote Fire & Blood, an entire history of popular House Targaryen, in an attempt to reclaim fans after the disastrous reception of the final season of the television adaptation.


Although he had a wide circle of friends and acquaintances in the Parisian artistic world, including Eugène Delacroix and George Sand, from 1848 he began to adopt a reclusive life style, while continuing with his compositions – virtually all of which are for the keyboard.

Alkan was not always remote or aloof.

Life | At the Square d'Orléans (1837–1848)

Alkan neither asserted nor denied his paternity of Delaborde,

In January 1836, Liszt recommended Alkan for the post of Professor at the Geneva Conservatoire, which Alkan declined, and in 1837 he wrote an enthusiastic review of Alkan's Op.

Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to "a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen.

" Alkan later played Beethoven's Op.

A comprehensive discography is available at the Alkan Society website.

The profession of Alkan Morhange is given as "music-paper ruler".

As regards the music of his own time, Alkan was unenthusiastic, or at any rate detached.

e.g. Alkan-Paganini, no. 5 of The History of Photography in Sound.

V. Alkan: Piano Solo Concerto and Etudes Op.

Va;emtom Alkan was a well-known partier.


Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 – August 12, 2002), nicknamed "Country", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder.

Slaughter batted left-handed and threw right-handed.

As a part-time starter for the Yankees, Slaughter batted fifth and played in left field in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series in which teammate Don Larsen pitched the only perfect game in World Series history, a 2–0 Yankees win.

Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves.

Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was "a Southern boy", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style.

He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938–1942 and 1946–1959.

During that period, he was a 10-time All-Star and played in five World Series.

This play was named #10 on the Sporting News list of Baseball's 25 Greatest Moments in 1999.

Slaughter was reported at the time as being one of the leaders in racial taunting against the first black major league player, Jackie Robinson and was accused of conspiring with teammate Terry Moore of an attempt to get the Cardinals to refuse to play Brooklyn with Robinson on the field.

He is noted primarily for his playing for the St. Louis Cardinals and is best known for scoring the winning run in Game 7 of the 1946 World Series.

Enos Slaughter was paid for catching the ball when it was struck into the right-hand side of the play area by the man with the bat.


Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications.

The new calendar duly replaced the Julian calendar, in use since 45 BC, and has since come into nearly universal use.

Gregory's greatest success came in his patronage of colleges and seminaries which he founded on the Continent for the Irish and English, among others.

This measure enriched his treasury for a time, but alienated a great body of the nobility and gentry, revived old factions, and created new ones.

Because of Gregory's involvement, the reformed Julian calendar came to be known as the Gregorian calendar.

The Gregorian calendar was not accepted in eastern Christendom for several hundred years, and then only as the civil calendar.

Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566–1572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590–604), surnamed the Great.

By that time, the calendar trailed the seasons by 11 days.

However, more than a century passed before Protestant Europe accepted the new calendar.

Great Britain and its American colonies adopted the reformed calendar in 1752, where Wednesday, 2 September 1752 was immediately followed by Thursday, 14 September 1752; they were joined by the last Protestant holdout, Sweden, on 1 March 1753.

What is considered one of his greatest accomplishments as pope was the creation of the calendar we use today.


Other media and products | Successor series | House of the Dragon

In January 2020, HBO stated that the series is scheduled for a 2022 release and that the writing process has begun.

This prequel, titled House of the Dragon, was picked up straight to series on October 29, 2019.

In September 2019, Nellie Andreeva of Deadline Hollywood reported that a second prequel from Martin and Ryan Condal that "tracks the beginning of the end for House Targaryen" was close to receiving a pilot order from HBO; the project is not considered an original sixth script, as it builds upon Cogman's idea from 2017.

The series began development in January 2007.

It was reported that 1.2 million people signed up for the course between 2017 and 2020.

Other media and products | Accompanying material

A week after the series finale, HBO released a behind-the-scenes documentary entitled Game of Thrones: The Last Watch.

The 10-episode series is to be based on material from Fire and Blood, executive produced by Martin, Vince Gerardis, Condal, and Miguel Sapochnik; the latter two are to be its showrunners as well.

The box set sold over 350,000 copies in the first week after release, the largest first-week DVD sales ever for an HBO series, and the series set an HBO-series record for digital-download sales.

In addition to originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019.

Production | Conception and development | Inspirations and derivations

A principal inspiration for the novels is the English Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) between the houses of Lancaster and York, reflected in Martin's houses of Lannister and Stark.

In January of 2020, HBO said that House of Dragon is scheduled for a 2021 release.


Ben-Hur is a 1959 American epic historical drama film directed by William Wyler, produced by Sam Zimbalist, and starring Charlton Heston as the title character.

I The film score was composed and conducted by Miklós Rózsa, who had scored most of MGM's historical films of the 1950s.

Other elements of the circus were also historically accurate.

The chariot arena was modeled on a historic circus in Jerusalem.

In 2004, the National Film Preservation Board selected Ben-Hur for preservation by the National Film Registry for being a "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" motion picture.

Knowing that the chariot race would be primarily composed of close-up and medium shots, Wyler added the parade in formation (even though it was not historically accurate) to impress the audience with the grandeur of the arena.

In 2004, the National Film Preservation Board selected Ben-Hur for preservation by the National Film Registry of the Library of Congress for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant." In AD 26, Judah Ben-Hur (Charlton Heston) is a wealthy Jewish prince and merchant in Jerusalem, who lives with his mother, Miriam (Martha Scott); his sister, Tirzah (Cathy O'Donnell); and their female servant Amrah (Stella Vitelleschi).

The "AFI 100 Years ... series" were created by juries consisting of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics, and historians, with movies selected based on the film's popularity over time, historical significance, and cultural impact.

Other changes included incorporating an admiration for the Jewish culture and people (historical and modern), as well as representing the more pluralistic society of 1950s America rather than the "Christian superiority" view of Wallace's novel (though the movie retained a strongly positive religious portrayal of Early Christianity).

As filming progressed, vast amounts of footage were shot for this sequence.

Ben-Hur is a historical film.


The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only novel written by Wilde.

Dorian Gray is the subject of a full-length portrait in oil by Basil Hallward, an artist impressed and infatuated by Dorian's beauty; he believes that Dorian's beauty is responsible for the new mood in his art as a painter.

The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical novel by Oscar Wilde, first published complete in the July 1890 issue of Lippincott's Monthly Magazine.

Literary significance | Publication history

With such textual changes, Oscar Wilde meant to diminish the moralistic controversy about the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray.

Oscar Wilde said that, in the novel The Picture of Dorian Gray (1891), three of the characters were reflections of himself: Basil Hallward is what I think I am: Lord Henry is what the world thinks of me: Dorian is what I would like to be—in other ages, perhaps.

About the literary hero, the author, Oscar Wilde, said, "in every first novel the hero is the author as Christ or Faust." As in the legend of Faust, in The Picture of Dorian Gray a temptation (ageless beauty) is placed before the protagonist, which he indulges.

Literary significance | Textual revisions

In 1895, at his trials, Oscar Wilde said he revised the text of The Picture of Dorian Gray because of letters sent to him by the cultural critic Walter Pater.

As literature of the 19th century, The Picture of Dorian Gray "pivots on a gothic plot device" with strong themes interpreted from Faust.

In the essay The Artist as Critic, Oscar Wilde said:  The honest ratepayer and his healthy family have no doubt often mocked at the dome-like forehead of the philosopher, and laughed over the strange perspective of the landscape that lies beneath him.

Consequent to the harsh criticism of the magazine edition of the novel, the textual revisions to The Picture of Dorian Gray included a preface in which Wilde addressed the criticisms and defended the reputation of his novel.

Despite that censorship, The Picture of Dorian Gray offended the moral sensibilities of British book reviewers, some of whom said that Oscar Wilde merited prosecution for violating the laws guarding public morality.

The Picture of Dorian Gray is a Gothic and philosophical 13th novel by Oscar Wilde about confronting an ugly addiction to prostitutes and opium.


Scheduling conflicts involving Jolie's Bosnian war film In the Land of Blood and Honey (2011), and a possible sequel to Salt (2010) led Jolie to end her involvement with Gravity, leaving Warner Bros. with doubts that the film would get made.

In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film.

Cuarón wanted to do tracking shots, in part because the producers wanted to film it like an IMAX-style Discovery Channel documentary.

Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role, and she was cast in October 2010.

Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission.

According to NASA Astronaut Michael J. Massimino, who took part in Hubble Space Telescope Servicing Missions STS-109

Cast Away, being the only person onscreen for a large part of the movie, and he began looking at a wide range of actors for the role.

It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth.

Getting into the rig took a significant amount of time, so Bullock chose to stay in it for up to 10 hours a day, communicating with others through a headset.

But the question that most people want me to answer is, how realistic was it?

Gravity emerged as one of the most successful sci-fi films of all time and the biggest box office hit of both Sandra Bullock's and George Clooney's careers.

Angelina Jolie did not want to be part of Gravity, so Sandra Bullock took her place.


She trained as a driver and mechanic and was given the rank of honorary junior commander (female equivalent of captain at the time) five months later.

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.

We know, every one of us, that in the end all will be well.

In August 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris.

In March 2019, she opted to give up driving on public roads, largely as a consequence of a car crash involving her husband two months beforehand.

Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth).

She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis.

Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen".

Elizabeth addressed the UN General Assembly for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth.

Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, as Edward was still young and likely to marry and have children of his own, who would precede Elizabeth in the line of succession.

Queen Elizabeth II knows how to fix cars.


As of April 2020, Ronaldo is also the most followed user on both Instagram and Facebook.

Ronaldo has established a strong online presence; the most popular sportsperson on social media, he counted 438 million total followers across Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram by June 2020.

Documents, confirmed by Ronaldo's lawyers, state that Ronaldo paid a woman US$375,000 in a non-disclosure settlement.

His autobiography, titled Moments, was published in December 2007.

However, this bust was never used; instead, a new one was made by a Spanish sculptor, shown to the public on 15 June 2018.In February 2020

Ronaldo has made contributions to various charitable causes throughout his career.

His sponsors earned $936 million in media value across his social media accounts between June 2016 to June 2017.

Club career | Juventus | 2019–20: Second season in Italy

On 22 February, Ronaldo scored for a record-equalling 11th consecutive Serie A game (a record shared with Gabriel Batistuta and Fabio Quagliarella), in what was his 1,000th senior professional game, in a 2–1 away win for Juventus against SPAL.On 17 June 2020, Cristiano Ronaldo started in the Coppa Italia Final against Napoli, although Juventus suffered a 4–2 defeat on penalties following a goalless draw after regulation time.

His managers, teammates and various journalists have commented that this reputation has caused an unfair image of him.

Club career | Real Madrid | 2009–13: World record transfer and La Liga championship

Over the next two weeks, Ronaldo scored another four-goal haul against Sevilla, a hat-trick against Getafe, and a brace of free kicks against Villarreal, taking his league total to 38 goals, which equalled the record for most goals scored in a season held by Telmo Zarra and Hugo Sánchez.

Regarding Cristiano Ronaldo's unique style of taking free kicks, former Manchester United assistant manager Mike Phelan has commented: "People used to put the ball down, walk away, run up and hit it.

Cristiano Ronaldo's standing among online fanatics dropped in 2020, causing him to lose a record he had held concerning accounts that paid attention to what his own published on a variety of platforms.


Due to a phenomenon known as color confinement, quarks are never found in isolation; they can be found only within hadrons, which include baryons (such as protons and neutrons) and mesons, or in quark–gluon plasmas.

This phenomenon is known as color confinement: quarks never appear in isolation.

a 1970 paper, Glashow, John Iliopoulos and Luciano Maiani presented the so-called GIM mechanism to explain the experimental non-observation of flavor-changing neutral currents.

Heavier quarks can only be created in high-energy collisions (such as in those involving cosmic rays), and decay quickly; however, they are thought to have been present during the first fractions of a second after the Big Bang, when the universe was in an extremely hot and dense phase (the quark epoch).

When a gluon is transferred between quarks, a color change occurs in both; for example, if a red quark emits a red–antigreen gluon, it becomes green, and if a green quark absorbs a red–antigreen gluon, it becomes red.

The only exception is the top quark, which may decay before it hadronizes.

qq) pairs known as sea quarks (qs).

Sea quarks form when a gluon of the hadron's color field splits; this process also works in reverse in that the annihilation of two sea quarks produces a gluon.

Interacting quarks | Other phases of quark matter

The quark–gluon plasma would be characterized by a great increase in the number of heavier quark pairs in relation to the number of up and down quark pairs.

Conversely, as the distance between quarks increases, the binding force strengthens.

Quark are not present in isolation.


Life and career | 1999–2006: Career beginnings

She briefly had music lessons in facilities rented from the Music Academy of the West.

Growing up, she attended religious schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona and Santa Barbara Christian School in California during her elementary years.

In April 2014, she publicly supported Marianne Williamson in her campaign for California's 33rd congressional district by attending a political press event.

The concert benefited those recovering from the aftermath of the 2017 California wildfires and 2018 Southern California mudflows.

During her California Dreams Tour, she raised over $175,000 for the Tickets-For-Charity fundraiser.

Her second concert tour, the California Dreams Tour, was reminiscent of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

Life and career | 2010–2012: Teenage Dream and marriage

After serving as a guest judge on American Idol, Perry released "California Gurls" featuring Snoop Dogg on May 7, 2010.

Perry embarked on her second tour, the California Dreams Tour, in support of Teenage Dream from February 2011 to January 2012.

All three of them and "E.T.", "California Gurls", and "Hot n Cold" have each sold over 5 million digital copies.

Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine (née Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson.

In March 2018, Perry announced Witness: Coming Home, a benefit concert that was held in her hometown of Santa Barbara, California on May 19, 2018.

Katy Perry attended University of California, Berkley.


The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh.

He later adopted the last name Welch.

Off the baseball field, Welch used his birth name throughout his life.

He later adopted the last name Welch.

He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens, New York, under his birth name of Walsh.

The name change may have been spurred by a sportswriter's mistaken recording of the name in a box score.

The league was planning to implement a system of player ratings which would be used to determine player salaries.

Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh.

He met with sharp criticism from Jim O'Rourke and other Brotherhood members, but the Players' League lasted only one season.

Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 – July 30, 1941), nicknamed "Smiling Mickey", was a Major League Baseball pitcher.

Though modern scorekeeping credits a pitcher with a strikeout in this situation, such an event was not always recorded as a strikeout by sportswriters of that era.

Mickey Welch used the name Welch on the field but always used his real last name off the field which was Walsh.


He has been nominated for many awards, including eight Academy Awards and a Tony Award, and has won two Grammy Awards and a BAFTA Award.

For his work in these films, he was nominated for four Academy Awards, becoming the tenth actor to receive an Oscar nomination in three consecutive years.

He earned three Oscar nominations for the film, as well as a BAFTA Award and two Grammys for his contributions to its U.S. Billboard 200 number one soundtrack and its chart-topping lead single "Shallow".

Cooper began a relationship with Russian model

To prepare, Cooper took dance training with the choreographer Mandy Moore, who describes Cooper as having "some real natural dancing ability.

Cooper supports organizations that help fight cancer.

Cooper was married to actress Jennifer Esposito from 2006 to 2007.

His father, Charles Cooper, worked as a stockbroker for Merrill Lynch.

The year 2012 saw Cooper star in four films—

Cooper has abstained from alcohol since 2004, remarking that it would have destroyed his life.

In 2015, Cooper spoke at The National Geographic Society for the group

Cooper has 9 Oscars.


Zebulon Montgomery Pike (January 5, 1779 – April 27, 1813) was an American brigadier general and explorer for whom Pikes Peak in Colorado was named.

Early and family life | Early life and education

Pike was born during the Revolutionary War, on January 5, 1779, near Lamberton, now called Lamington in Bedminster, New Jersey, in Somerset County, New Jersey.

Early and family life | Marriage and family

They had four other children who died before reaching adulthood.

Georgia and its county seat Zebulon

Liberty ship SS Zebulon Pike (appears in Episode 1 of Victory At Sea) General Zebulon Pike Lock and Dam No. 11 in Dubuque, Iowa

Zebulon Pike, Jr. married Clarissa Harlow Brown in 1801.

Pikes Pikes Peak Zebulon Pike Lake Reservoir in Morrison County, Minnesota

In 1811, Lt. Col. Zebulon M. Pike with the 4th Infantry Regiment fought at the Battle of Tippecanoe.

He was the son of Isabella (Brown) and Zebulon Pike, and would follow in the footsteps of his father, who had begun his own career in the military service of the United States in 1775, at the outset of the American Revolutionary War.

Pike wrote an account from memory of his expeditions, which was published in 1810 as The expeditions of Zebulon Montgomery Pike to Headwaters of the Mississippi River, through Louisiana Territory, and in New Spain, during the Years 1805-6-7.

Zebulon Pike had four kids that passed away and was born in Virginia.


In 1917 the warlord Zhang Xun restored Puyi to the throne from July 1 to July 12.

The selection process alone took an entire year.

When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was "Xuantong", so he was known as the "Xuantong Emperor" (simplified Chinese: 宣统皇帝; traditional Chinese: 宣統皇帝; pinyin: Xuāntǒng Huángdì; Wade–

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

"Puyi believed Manchukuo was just the beginning, and that within a few years he would again reign as Emperor of China, having the yellow Imperial Dragon robes used for coronation of Qing emperors brought from Beijing to Changchun.

Biography | Emperor of China (1908–1912)

Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November.

He resented being "Head of State" and then "Emperor of Manchukuo" rather than being fully restored as a Qing Emperor.

Biography | Captive in Manchuria (1931–1932)

the Washington treaties". Itagaki suggested to Puyi that in a few years Manchukuo might become a monarchy and that Manchuria was just the beginning, as Japan had ambitions to take all of China; the obvious implication was that Puyi would become the Great Qing Emperor again.

Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time.

The next day, Puyi abdicated as Emperor of Manchukuo and declared in his last decree that Manchukuo was once again part of China.

Biography | Eunuchs and the Household Department

The emperor overheard conversations among the eunuchs that made him fear for his life.

Emperor Puyi was made emperor again in for the entire year  of 1917 after being dethroned in 1912


She co-founded Chicago's Hull House, one of America's most famous settlement houses.

In 1889 Addams and her college friend and paramour Ellen Gates Starr co-founded Hull House, a settlement house in Chicago.

Hull House enabled Addams to befriend and become a colleague to early members of the Chicago School of Sociology.

Hull House | Near west side neighborhood

The Hull House neighborhood was a mix of European ethnic groups that had immigrated to Chicago around the start of the 20th century.

Addams brought in prominent visitors from around the world, and had close links with leading Chicago intellectuals and philanthropists.

Addams, with the help of Ellen Gates Starr, founded the Chicago Public School Art Society (CPSAS) in response to the positive reaction the art classes for children caused.

One aspect of the Hull House that was very important to Jane Addams was the Art Program.

Although, untenured, women residents of Hull House taught classes in the Chicago Sociology Department.

Hull House buildings were demolished for the establishment of the campus of the University of Illinois at Chicago, in 1963, and relocated.

Addams was inducted into the Chicago Literary Hall of Fame in 2012.

The University of Chicago Sociology department was established in 1892, three years after Hull House was established (1889).

Addams was 1 of the co-founders of the Hull House in Chicago.


Mirren was born Helen Lydia Mironoff in 1945 at Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital in Hammersmith, London, the daughter of Kathleen "Kitty" Alexandrina Eva Matilda (née Rogers; 1909–1996) and Vasily Petrovich Mironoff (1913–1980).

Vasily also worked as a cab driver and then played the viola with the London Philharmonic Orchestra before the Second World War.

The former diplomat settled down in England, and became a London cab driver to support his family.

After the birth of Helen, Basil left the orchestra and returned to cab driving in order to support the family.

Dame Helen Lydia Mirren,  (née Mironoff (ru Елена Лидия Васильевна Миронова - Elena Lydia Vasilievna Mironova) ; born 26 July 1945) is an English actor.

In 2003, Mirren was appointed a Dame (DBE) for services to drama.

Becoming Helen Mirren. Troubador Press.

Mirren married the American director Taylor Hackford (her partner since 1986) on 31 December 1997.

I do believe in naturism and am my happiest on a nude beach with people of all ages and races!" Mirren, Helen (2011).

During the war, he worked as an ambulance driver and served in the East End of London during the Blitz.

He and Kathleen were married in July 1945, and at some point before 1951 he anglicised his name to Basil.

Dame Helen Mirren married a cab driver.


In 1878 he would transfer to the minor league Holyoke Shamrocks, where he became known for hitting home runs across the field into the Connecticut River.

This so-impressed Springfield baseball boss Bob Ferguson that he signed Connor onto the National League (NL) Troy Trojans

Though he was left-handed, Connor was initially a third baseman; in early baseball, left-handed third basemen were more common than they are in modern baseball.

Connor was the third of eleven children born to the family, though two did not survive childhood.

Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York.

MLB playing career | Early years (1880–1889)

George Vecsey, in The New York Times wrote: "Roger Connor was a complete player — a deft first baseman and an agile base runner who hit 233 triples and stole 244 bases despite his size (6 feet 3 inches and 200 pounds)."He led the NL with a .371 average in 1885.

Also on that 1880 Trojans team, though much older, was player-manager Bob "Death to Flying Things

Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 – January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player.

Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats.

In Connor's first year with the Troy Trojans, he teamed with future Hall of Fame players Dan Brouthers, Buck Ewing, Tim Keefe and Mickey Welch, all of whom were just starting their careers.

Connor committed 60 errors in 83 games and sustained a shoulder injury, prompting a position change to first baseman for 1881.He later played for the New York Gothams, and, due to his great stature, gave that team the enduring nickname "Giants".

Roger Connor was recruited by the Trojans because he was a left-handed third baseman.


Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau.

According to the Talmud, the Torah's explicit dating of the life of Ishmael helps to date various events in Jacob's life and, by implication, the age of Rebecca at her death.

According to tradition, Rebecca did not share the prophecy with her husband.

According to the Midrash, the plural form of the word "weeping" indicates a double sorrow, implying that Rebecca also died at this time.

According to Rashi, the three miracles that characterized Sarah's tent while she was alive, and that disappeared with her death, reappeared when Rebecca entered the tent.

According to Genesis, Isaac had reached the age of 137.

Her family sent her off with her nurse, Deborah (according to Rashi), and blessed her, "Our sister, may you come to be thousands of myriads, and may your offspring inherit the gate of its foes." As Rebecca and her entourage approached Abraham's home, they spied Isaac from a distance in the fields of Beer-lahai-roi.

According to biblical tradition, Rebecca's father was Bethuel the Aramean from Paddan Aram, also called Aram-Naharaim.

According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the Binding of Isaac.

According to the Midrash, Isaac had reached the age of 132, five years past the age of his mother, Sarah, had been at her death.

According to the Talmud, immediately after Abraham died, Jacob prepared a lentil stew as a traditional mourner's meal for his father, Isaac.

According to the ancient texts, Rebecca was barren.


Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE.

The people of India used an alcoholic drink called Sura made from fermented rice, barley, jaggery, and flowers of the madhyaka tree.

Many higher alcohols are produced by hydroformylation of alkenes followed by hydrogenation.

Thus, human bodies contain some quantity of alcohol endogenously produced by these bacteria.

y produced in 1980. The combined capacity of the other alcohols is about the same, distributed roughly equally.

In the Ziegler process, linear alcohols are produced from ethylene and triethylaluminium followed by oxidation and hydrolysis.

Some low molecular weight alcohols of industrial importance are produced by the addition of water to alkenes.

In rare cases, this can be sufficient to cause "auto-brewery syndrome" in which intoxicating quantities of alcohol are produced.

Like ethanol, butanol can be produced by fermentation processes.

Saccharomyces yeast are known to produce these higher alcohols at temperatures above 75 °F (24 °C).

This metabolic reaction produces ethanol as a waste product.

Alcohol has likely been produced by people for approximately 4,000 years.


The Berlin Senate only lets the gate be illuminated for events in partner cities and cities with a special connection to Berlin.

When the Revolutions of 1989 occurred and the wall was demolished, the gate symbolized freedom and the desire to unify the city of Berlin.

another being the Academy of Fine Arts).

The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs.

The gate was previously illuminated after attacks in Jerusalem and Orlando.

It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz.

One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsäcker said: "The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed." On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall.

Juni avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve.

After Germany's surrender and the end of the war, the governments of East Berlin and West Berlin restored it in a joint effort.

The senate in Berlin lets the gate be illuminated for events in cities with a special connection to Berlin.


Nine months after the launch the website had 10,000 users.

Although starting out as a "social network" with boards, in later years the company has put increasing emphasis in visual search and e-commerce, such as shopping catalogs.

Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010.

In later years, Pinterest has also been described as a "visual search engine".

In March 2020, Pinterest introduced the "Today" tab on the home feed which shows trending pins.

Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without permission.

Users can follow and unfollow other users as well as boards, which would fill the "home feed".

A "nopin" HTML meta tag was released by Pinterest on 20 February 2012 to allow websites to opt out of their images being pinned.

The home feed is a collection of Pins from the users, boards, and topics followed, as well as a few promoted pins and pins Pinterest has picked.

In 2015, investors valued Pinterest, Inc. at $11 billion, making it a "unicorn" (a start-up with a valuation exceeding $1 billion).

In October 2012, Pinterest launched business accounts allowing businesses to either convert their existing personal accounts into business accounts or start from scratch.

Pinterest started as an at home company  in 2009 and took two years to kickoff and be a success.


In 2004 the novel was selected for Oprah's Book Club.

British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter.

“Deep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.”

The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication.

A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.

A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of "Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties," wrote that the book "still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works." Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel "essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love—in short, to become mature." The title comes from the poem "The Lonely Hunter" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym "Fiona MacLeod".

The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos.

The painting shows two characters each reading the book on the London Underground; it is one of his ongoing series of paintings entitled, "London".

Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships.

Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's "devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men." Rich stated that Spiros's status as a "deaf mute" "signals that his role[...]is associated with government" and serves as an "arm" of it.

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter was picked for Winfrey's Book Club.


"The Gift of the Magi" is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905.

In 1977, Muppet creator Jim Henson produced a one-hour television adaptation of the story, filmed in Toronto for HBO in the United States and CBC in Canada.

In the 1978 Christmas special Christmas Eve on Sesame Street, Ernie and Bert do a parody of "The Gift of the Magi".

As a segment of O. Henry's Full House (1952) The Gift of the Magi (1958)  The Gift of Love (1978) Dary magów (Poland, 1972) Christmas Eve on Sesame Street (1978) I'll not be a gangster, love (

The special features several original songs written by songwriter Paul Williams.

The twins both believe the sacrifice is the greatest gift of all, leaving Angelica in bitter Christmas spirits until she returns the original gifts.

The story ends with the narrator comparing the sacrificial gifts of love with those of the biblical Magi.

The story starts with a girl named Della, who has only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present.

The story was initially published in The New York Sunday World under the title "Gifts of the Magi" on December 10, 1905.

The 2009 Christmas episode of Robot Chicken features a parody of "The Gift of the Magi", where Jim refuses to sell his watch for expensive brushes and buys Della lingerie instead, much to her displeasure.

The Gift of the Magi, originally a short story, was adapted for Sesame Street and by Jim Henson as a Muppet special.


Richard was barely two years old when his mother died on 31 October, six days after the birth of Graham, the family's thirteenth child.

Richard remained forever grateful and loving to Cis throughout his life, later going on to say: "When my mother died she, my sister, had become my mother, and more mother to me than any mother could ever have been ... I was immensely proud of her ... she felt all tragedies except her own".

In autumn of 1943, Philip planned to adopt Richard, but was not able to do so as he was 20 days too young to be 21 years older than his ward, a legal requirement.

From the age of five to eight, Richard was educated at the Eastern Primary School while he attended the Boys' segment of the same school from eight to twelve years old.

Melvyn Bragg, in the notes of his Richard Burton: A Life, says that Burton told Laurence Olivier around 1970 of his  (unfulfilled) plans to make his own film of Macbeth with Elizabeth Taylor, knowing that this would hurt Olivier because he had failed to gain funding for his own cherished film version more than a decade earlier.

Health issues continued to plague him until his death at the age of 58.

In turn, Burton declined to attend his father's funeral after the elder Burton died from a cerebral haemorrhage in January 1957 at age 81.

By the age of 41, he had declined so far in health that by his own admission his arms were thin and weak.

Burton died at age 58 from a brain haemorrhage on 5 August 1984 at his home in Céligny, Switzerland, where he was later buried.

Career | Broadway, Hamlet and films with Elizabeth Taylor (1960–1969)

The Time magazine critic found the film, "riddled with flaws, [lacking] style both in image and in action" and that Burton "staggers around looking ghastly and spouting irrelevance".

Richard Burton was rasied by his older sister starting around the age of two.


While filming Dark Season, Winslet, aged 15, began a romantic relationship with the actor-writer Stephen Tredre, then aged 28.

She refused the offer but began dating him.

Career | 2012–present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs

Her next release of the year, Collateral Beauty, about a man (played by Will Smith) struggling with the death of his daughter, was panned by critics.

Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress.

Early life and initial stage and television roles

Winslet, who weighed 13 stone 3 pounds (84 kg; 185 lb) at the time, played the daughter of an obese woman in it.

Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born on 5 October 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England, to Sally Anne (née Bridges) and Roger John Winslet.

Her part was that of Reet, a schoolgirl who helps her classmates fight against a sinister man distributing free computers to her school.

She next took on the role of the young daughter of a bankrupt self made man (played by Ray Winstone) in the television sitcom

Career | 2004–2007: Romances, comedies, and Little Children

Winslet was paid £6 million to star in her next release of the year, the drama Finding Neverland.

Winslet starred as the femme fatale Tilly Dunnage, a seamstress who returns to her hometown years after she was accused of murder.

A year after Tredre's death, Winslet met Jim Threapleton on the set of Hideous Kinky, in which he was an assistant director.

Kate Winslet dated a man 13 years her elder.


His father, James ("Jim") McCartney, was absent from his son's birth due to his work as a volunteer firefighter during World War II.

James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool, where his mother, Mary Patricia (née Mohin), had qualified to practise as a nurse.

: my father was born in Everton, my family are officially Evertonians, so if it comes down to a derby match or an FA Cup final between the two, I would have to support Everton.

His father invited Paul and his brother Michael to solve crosswords with him, to increase their "word power", as McCartney said.

Sir James Paul McCartney  (born 18 June 1942) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, composer, and record and film producer who gained worldwide fame as co-lead vocalist and bassist for the Beatles.

McCartney's loss later became a point of connection with John Lennon, whose mother, Julia, had died when he was 17.McCartney's father was a trumpet player and pianist who led Jim Mac's Jazz Band in the 1920s.

When McCartney was 11, his father encouraged him to audition for the Liverpool Cathedral choir, but he was not accepted.

" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella.

The children were baptised in their mother's Catholic faith, even though their father was a former Protestant who had turned agnostic.

Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman

I was with somebody else [that night] ... and I saw Paul at the other side of the room.

Paul McCartney's father was not at the hospital when he was born.


Quantum field theory | Contributions to the mass of a system

}   . Similarly, the mass of a system that absorbs a photon is increased by a corresponding amount.

Physical properties | Experimental checks on photon mass

Current commonly accepted physical theories imply or assume the photon to be strictly massless.

Like all elementary particles, photons are currently best explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, their behavior featuring properties of both waves and particles.

In the Standard Model of particle physics, photons and other elementary particles are described as a necessary consequence of physical laws having a certain symmetry at every point in spacetime.

Thus, it would still be the speed of spacetime ripples (gravitational waves and gravitons), but it would not be the speed of photons.

Quantum field theory | Hadronic properties

According to VMD, the photon is a superposition of the pure electromagnetic photon which interacts only with electric charges and vector mesons.

Since photons contribute to the stress–energy tensor, they exert a gravitational attraction on other objects, according to the theory of general relativity.

Physical properties | Relativistic energy and momentum

Because photons always move at the speed of light, the spin is best expressed in terms of the component measured along its direction of motion, its helicity, which must be ±ħ.

2001.The modern view on this is that photons are, by virtue of their integer spin, bosons (as opposed to fermions with half-integer spin).

Einstein showed that this modification is equivalent to assuming that photons are rigorously identical and that it implied a "mysterious non-local interaction", now understood as the requirement for a symmetric quantum mechanical state.

Photons, according to our best current models, have no "mass" but still increase that of other things.


Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city.

One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [ˈbʁandn̩bʊɐ̯gɐ ˈtoːɐ̯]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution.

The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs.

It was designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans, the Court Superintendent of Buildings, and built between 1788 and 1791, replacing the earlier simple guardhouses which flanked the original gate in the Customs Wall.

The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 (

In the time of Frederick William (1688), shortly after the Thirty Years' War and a century before the gate was constructed, Berlin was a small walled city within a star fort with several named gates: Spandauer Tor, St. Georgen Tor, Stralower Tor, Cöpenicker Tor, Neues Tor, and Leipziger Tor (see map).

One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag).

One horse's head from the original quadriga survived, and is today kept in the collection of the Märkisches Museum.

The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history.

In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate.

The Brandenburg Gate was built before it was on strictly "German" land.


Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967) was the last Emperor of China as the twelfth and final Emperor of the Qing dynasty, China's last imperial dynasty.

Pu Yi, Henry (2010) Pu Yi, Henry (2010) [1967]. The Last Manchu: The Autobiography of Henry Pu Yi, Last Emperor of China.

And, in the last resort, Puyi was far more valuable alive than dead".

But his smile lasted only a second.

As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [ɕwántʰʊ̀ŋ], Chinese: 宣統帝; Manchu: ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠩᡤᡝᠶᠣᠰᠣᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ; Möllendorff: gehungge yoso hūwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.

As Puyi was also the last ruling Emperor of China, he is widely known as "The Last Emperor" (Chinese: 末代皇帝; pinyin: Mòdài Huángdì; Wade–Giles: Mo4-tai4 Huang2-ti4) in China and throughout the rest of the world.

Behr, Edward (1987). The Last Emperor.

The Last Emperor, which downplays Puyi's cruelty considerably.

The reform efforts did not last long before Puyi was forced out of the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang.

, Puyi married his fifth and last wife, Li Shuxian, a nurse of Han Chinese ethnicity.

Puyi was the last Sultan of Mongolia.


The original text, as published by Thomas Cautley Newby in 1847, is available online in two parts:[1][2].

Wuthering Heights and Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey were accepted by publisher Thomas Newby before the success of her sister Charlotte's novel Jane Eyre.

Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Brontë published in 1847 under her pseudonym "Ellis Bell".

Critical response | Early reviews (1847–1848)

Published in 1847, at a time when the background of the author was deemed to have an important impact on the story itself, many critics were also intrigued by the authorship of the novels.

The novel was first published together with Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey in a three-volume format: Wuthering Heights occupied the first two volumes, while Agnes Grey made up the third.

In 1850, when a second edition of Wuthering Heights was due, Charlotte Brontë edited the original text, altering punctuation, correcting spelling errors and making Joseph's thick Yorkshire dialect less opaque.

References in culture | Adaptations | Literature

In 2011, a graphic novel version was published by Classical Comics.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature

In her 2019 novel, The West Indian, Valerie Browne Lester imagines an origin story for Heathcliff in 1760s Jamaica.

"The American Whig Review wrote "Respecting a book so original as this, and written with so much power of imagination, it is natural that there should be many opinions.

This version, which stays close to the original novel, received a nomination for the Stan Lee Excelsior Awards, elected by pupils from 170 schools in the United Kingdom.

The original text was published in 1847 by Thomas Cautley Newby.