The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [ˈbʁandn̩bʊɐ̯gɐ ˈtoːɐ̯]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution.

It was now redesigned by Karl Friedrich Schinkel for the new role of the Brandenburg Gate as a Prussian triumphal arch.

One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

"It is our shared responsibility to keep the memory alive and to pass it on to the coming generations as a reminder to stand up for freedom and democracy to ensure that such injustice may never happen again," Berlin Mayor Klaus Wowereit said.

The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history.

In 1963, U.S. President John F. Kennedy visited the Brandenburg Gate.

The Brandenburg Gate was privately refurbished on 21 December 2000, at a cost of six million euros.

The Brandenburg Gate is now again closed to vehicle traffic, and much of Pariser Platz has been turned into a cobblestone pedestrian zone.

After the 1806 Prussian defeat at the Battle of Jena-Auerstedt, Napoleon was the first to use the Brandenburg Gate for a triumphal procession, and took its Quadriga to Paris.

In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsäcker said: "The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed." On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall.

The Brandenburg Gate is in a town that never had problems indirectly related to Karl Marx.


Melvin Udall is a misanthropic best-selling romance novelist in New York City, whose obsessive–compulsive disorder has him avoiding stepping on sidewalk cracks while walking through the city, and eating breakfast at the same table in the same restaurant every day.

Melvin is intimidated by Simon's agent, Frank Sachs, into caring for Simon's dog, Verdell, while Simon is hospitalized.

As Good as It Gets is a 1997 American romantic comedy film directed by James L. Brooks, who co-wrote it with Mark Andrus.

Nicholson and Hunt won the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Actress, respectively, making As Good as It Gets the most recent film to win both of the lead acting awards, and the first since 1991's The Silence of the Lambs.

The film stars Jack Nicholson as a misanthropic and obsessive-compulsive novelist, Helen Hunt as a single mother with a chronically ill son, and Greg Kinnear as a homosexual artist.

so she can care for her acutely asthmatic son Spencer.

While Roger Ebert gave the film three stars (out of four), he called the film a "compromise, a film that forces a smile onto material that doesn't wear one easily," writing that the film drew "back to story formulas," but had good dialogue and performances.

As Good as It Gets was a box office hit, opening at number three at the box office (behind Titanic and Tomorrow Never Dies) with $12.6 million, and eventually earning over $148 million domestically and $314 million worldwide.

Once in Baltimore, Carol persuades Melvin to take her out to have dinner.

Although he initially does not enjoy caring for the dog, Melvin becomes emotionally attached to it.

The Washington Post critic Desson Howe gave a generally negative review of the film, writing that it "gets bogged down in sentimentality, while its wheels spin futilely in life-solving overdrive.

He takes an interest in his waitress, Carol Connelly, the only server at the restaurant who can tolerate his uncouth behavior.

In the film As Good as It Gets, the novelist takes care of the painter's pet.


In 1931 the award of the Nobel Peace prize earned her near-unanimous acclaim.

She paved the way for women by publishing several books and co-winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 with Starr.

ACLU).In 1931, she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and is recognized as the founder of the social work profession in the United States.

Recognition of these efforts came with the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Addams in 1931.

As the first U.S. woman to win the prize, Addams was applauded for her "expression of an essentially American democracy." She donated her share of the prize money to the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.

Her leadership during the conference and her travels to the Capitals of the war-torn regions were cited in nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.

In 1910, Addams was awarded an honorary master of arts degree from Yale University, becoming the first woman to receive an honorary degree from the school.

Addams led the "garbage wars"; in 1894 she became the first woman appointed as sanitary inspector of Chicago's 19th Ward.

Jane Addams was also a philosopher of peace.

In January 1915, she became involved in the Woman's Peace Party and was elected national chairman.

Jane Addams became the 1st American woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize.


Although it was not exposed to sunlight, the heat-sensitive colour film stock should have been hopelessly ruined; however, when processed the shots were perfect and appeared in the film.

To the producers' horror, the film containers were found a week later on an airport tarmac in Cairo, sitting in the hot sun.

The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle.

The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success.

The British Film Institute placed The Bridge on the River Kwai as the 11th greatest British film.

The steel bridge was repaired and is still in use today.

The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as "Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote.

In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British film of the 20th century.

The major railway bridge described in the novel and film didn't actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai.

He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the "worst job I ever had in my life" from the point of view of time.

The comedy team of Wayne and Shuster performed a sketch titled "Kwai Me a River" on their 27 March 1967 TV show, in which an officer in the British Dental Corps is captured by the Japanese and, despite being comically unintimidated by any abuse the commander of the POW camp inflicts on him, is forced to build a (dental) "bridge on the river Kwai" for the commander and plans to include an explosive in the appliance to detonate in his mouth.

In the Jerry Lewis comedy The Geisha Boy, Sessue Hayakawa lampoons his role in The Bridge on the River Kwai.

The 1957 film The Bridge on the River Kwai had its footage lost but it was luckily recovered and was able to be repaired.


Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000.

In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool.

Widely regarded as one of the greatest professional wrestlers of all time, The Undertaker is a seven-time world heavyweight champion in WWF/E, having held the WWF/E Championship four times and World Heavyweight Championship three times.

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Ministry of Darkness (1998–1999)

The Undertaker attempted to marry Stephanie before sacrificing her in an eldritch ceremony conducted by Paul Bearer, but Austin was able to rescue her.

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Post-Streak feuds (2015–2020)

After the match, the four men shook hands as a sign of respect, however, Undertaker and Kane would attack them.

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Lord of Darkness (1996–1998)

He faced both Vader and Austin in a four-corners elimination match for the vacant WWF Championship at In Your House 13: Final Four, but Bret Hart won.

Calaway was married to his first wife Jodi Lynn between 1989 and 1999; they had a son, Gunner Vincent Calaway, born in 1993.

The Undertaker has been named one of the greatest wrestlers of all time.

He has four older brothers named David, Michael, Paul, and Timothy (died March 2020).

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | World Heavyweight Champion (2007–2010)

After this match, Undertaker took time off due to a torn right biceps.

The Undertaker has been married four times.


At 3%, calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the third most abundant metal behind aluminium and iron.

Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body.

It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust and the third most abundant metal, after iron and aluminium.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and calcium sulfate (CaSO4) are particularly abundant minerals.

Like other elements, a variety of processes alter the relative abundance of calcium isotopes.

It is also the fourth most abundant element in the lunar highlands.

However, pure calcium cannot be prepared in bulk by this method and a workable commercial process for its production was not found until over a century later.

In animals with skeletons mineralized with calcium, the calcium isotopic composition of soft tissues reflects the relative rate of formation and dissolution of skeletal mineral.

The most common calcium compound on Earth is calcium carbonate, found in limestone and the fossilised remnants of early sea life; gypsum, anhydrite, fluorite, and

The first dated lime kiln dates back to 2500 BC and was found in Khafajah, Mesopotamia.

Calcium is the 4th most abundant mineral that's commonly found in homosapiens and the earth's inner core.


This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.

The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on

The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring:  For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour

The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms

The 1522 and 1524 Diets of Nuremberg attempted to execute the judgement of the Edict of Worms against Luther, but they failed.

26 May. The Edict declared Luther to be an obstinate heretic and banned the reading or possession of his writings.

The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire.

Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term "Diet of Worms" usually refers to the assembly of 1521.

Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521.

The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521.

The Diet of Worms is least catchy for the Edict of Worms.


The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and concluded on May 19, 2019, with 73 episodes broadcast over eight seasons.

More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8.

Critical reception for season 8 was again negative.

Filming for season 8 began in October 2017 and concluded in July 2018.

Other media and products | Accompanying material

The program documented the production of season 8 along with read-throughs and interviews with the cast.

Reception and achievements | Critical response | Lighting issues

The criticism reached a high point during "The Long Night", the third episode of season 8.

Franich described seasons 3 and 4 as "relentless", seasons 6's ending having a "killer one-two punch", while seasons 7 and 8 were "indifferent".

For the second season, the series received a 15 percent budget increase for the climactic battle in "Blackwater" (which had an $8 million budget).

Before the season 8 premiere, HBO screened "The Spoils of War" episode from season 7 in movie theaters in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago.

A box set containing all 8 seasons, including a cast reunion hosted by Conan O'Brien, was also released on December 3, 2019.

The show premiere was watched by 2.2 million with the first season averaged 2.5 million per episode.

The show ran for 8 seasons.


The inference is, of course, that Pu Yi was either impotent, extraordinarily immature sexually, or already aware of his homosexual tendencies.

Aisin-Gioro, Puyi (2002) [1964].

The autobiography of Puyi – ghost-written by Li Wenda.

我的前半生 [The First Half of My Life; From Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Puyi] (in Chinese).

My Husband Puyi: Puyi yu wo / [

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

Puyi and his party were all promptly taken prisoner by the Red Army, who initially did not know who Puyi was.

Aisin-Gioro Puyi (愛新覺羅·溥儀), a 2005 Chinese documentary film on the life of Puyi.

Puyi found this "intoxicating".

She divorced Puyi in May 1957.

Biography | Emperor of China (1908–1912)

Puyi especially hated Longyu for that.

He never visited Puyi after 1934.

Puyi was heterosexual.


Horatio Nelson was born on 29 September 1758 in a rectory in Burnham Thorpe, Norfolk, England, the sixth of eleven children of the Reverend Edmund Nelson and his wife Catherine Suckling.

Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, 1st Duke of Bronté,  (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British flag officer in the Royal Navy.

He was named "Horatio" after his godfather Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723–1809), the first cousin of his maternal grandmother Anne Turner (1691-1768).

Horatio Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford (1723–1809) was a younger grandson of Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, the de facto first Prime Minister of Great Britain,

Admiralty | Parker and the Baltic | Battle of Copenhagen

As a reward for the victory, he was created Viscount Nelson of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, on 19 May 1801.

After Nelson's death, his elder brother and heir William Nelson, 1st Earl Nelson, was granted the further augmentation: On a fess wavy overall azure the word TRAFALGAR or.

In November 1805, William Nelson was created Earl Nelson and Viscount Merton, of Trafalgar and of Merton in the County of Surrey, in recognition of his late brother's services, and he also inherited the dukedom of Bronté.

It was on this voyage that Horatio and Emma's illegitimate daughter Horatia was probably conceived.

Nelson's titles, as inscribed on his coffin and read out at the funeral by the Garter King at Arms, Sir Isaac Heard, were: The Most Noble Lord Horatio Nelson, Viscount and Baron Nelson, of the Nile and of Burnham Thorpe in the County of Norfolk, Baron Nelson of the Nile and of Hilborough in the said County, Knight of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Vice Admiral of the White Squadron of the Fleet, Commander in Chief of his Majesty's Ships and Vessels in the Mediterranean, Duke of Bronté in the Kingdom of Sicily, Knight Grand Cross of the Sicilian Order of St Ferdinand and of Merit, Member of the Ottoman Order of the Crescent, Knight Grand Commander of the Order of St Joachim.

Instead, Nelson received the title Baron Nelson of the Nile.

Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson was the only child from his parents.


It was reconstructed between May 1639 and April 1648.

The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors.

Emperor Shah Jahan commissioned reconstruction of the Red Fort on 12 May 1638, when he decided to shift his capital from Agra to Delhi.

The fortress-palace was a focal point of the medieval city of Shahjahanabad, which is present-day Old Delhi.

the Second Anglo-Maratha War, forces of British East India Company defeated Maratha forces in the Battle of Delhi; this ended Maratha rule of the city and their control of the Red Fort.

The Lahori Gate is the main gate to the Red Fort, named for its orientation towards the city of Lahore.

Reconstructed in 1639 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the palace of his fortified capital Shahjahanabad, the Red Fort is named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone.

After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort.

The last Mughal emperor to occupy the fort, Bahadur Shah II, became a symbol of the 1857 rebellion against the British in which the residents of Shahjahanbad participated.

In 1788, a Maratha garrison permanently occupied the Red fort and Delhi and ruled north India for the next two decades until they were usurped by the British East India Company following the Second Anglo-Maratha War in 1803.During

The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors, and has never been reconstructed.


Lawrence rewrote the work four times until he was happy with it.

Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers.

Sons and Lovers has been adapted for the screen several times, including the Academy Award winning 1960 film, a 1981 BBC TV serial and another on ITV1 in 2003.

Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press.

But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers – first the eldest, then the second.

ISBN 0-521-56009-8. An early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers

In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century.

Jenny Turner described Sons and Lovers as a semi-autobiographical work in The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion (1993).

The critic Harold Bloom listed Sons and Lovers as one of the books that have been important and influential in Western culture in The Western Canon (1994).

While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement.

The author of Sons and lovers had to rewrite the masterpiece 4 times before being satisfied with it.


We'll miss him. '"Crawford suffered a stroke on May 26, 1968, and died two weeks later at Hollywood Community Hospital in Los Angeles at age 88.

In 1927, Crawford had a role as the baseball coach in Buster Keaton's comedy film College.

Major League Baseball career | Rivalry with Ty Cobb

Crawford was reportedly unaware of Cobb's efforts until after Cobb died.

He was instrumental in the development of the California Intercollegiate Baseball Association in 1927, and led USC to second-place finishes in his last two seasons.

After Cobb died, a reporter found hundreds of letters in his home responding to letters Cobb had written to influential people, lobbying for Crawford's induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Crawford was born in Wahoo, Nebraska, in 1880, the son of Stephen O. Crawford (born 1842 in Vermont) and Nellie Crawford (born 1855 in Iowa).

Major League Baseball career | Career accomplishments

One of his contemporaries, Fielder Jones, said of Crawford: "None of them can hit quite as hard as Crawford.

Crawford was 59–46–3 as the USC coach.

Crawford played four seasons for the Angels (1918–1921).

Major League Baseball career | Cincinnati Reds

Crawford hit .307 in 31 games with the Reds in 1899.

Crawford died of a heart attack in 1927.


The story follows Roy Hobbs, a baseball prodigy whose career is sidetracked when he is shot by a woman whose motivation remains mysterious.

In fact, she is a lunatic obsessed with shooting the best baseball player.

Most of the story concerns itself with his attempts to return to baseball later in life, when he plays for the fictional New York Knights with his legendary bat "Wonderboy".

Based upon the bizarre shooting incident and subsequent comeback of Philadelphia Phillies player Eddie Waitkus, the story of Roy Hobbs takes some poetic license and embellishes what was truly a strange, but memorable, account of a career lost too soon.

The Natural is a 1952 novel about baseball by Bernard Malamud, and is his debut novel.

Being the newest player, Roy has a number of practical jokes played upon him, including the theft of his "Wonderboy" bat.

Memo Paris – Roy's main love interest throughout the story, Memo is Pop Fisher's niece and is often in the company of  Sands.

The story revolves around Hobbs's quest to make a comeback years after the tragedy and, hopefully, finally to take his rightful place on the field and be remembered as one of the greatest ballplayers of all time.

The novel picks up 16 years later in the dugout of the New York Knights, a fictional National League baseball team.

Hobbs remains quiet even after Mercy offers five thousand dollars, telling him that, "all the public is entitled to is my best game of baseball.

The book, "The Natural" portrays the story of a baseball player.


Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008

the First-Called. In 2012, Putin announced that he was standing again as president, something Gorbachev was critical of.

He complained that Putin's new measures had "tightened the screws" on Russia and that the president was trying to "completely subordinate society", adding that United Russia now "embodied the worst bureaucratic features of the Soviet Communist

Серге́евич Горбачёв; born 2 March 1931) is a Russian and former Soviet politician.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л

He was also the country's head of state from 1988 until 1991, serving as the chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989, chairman of the Supreme Soviet from 1989 to 1990, and president of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

Barred by the constitution from serving more than two consecutive terms as president, Putin stood down in 2008 and was succeeded by his Prime Minister, Dmitry Medvedev, who reached out to Gorbachev in ways that Putin had not.

That year, opinion polls showed Yeltsin overtaking Gorbachev as the most popular politician in the Soviet Union.

General Secretary of the CPSU | Early years: 1985–1986 | Domestic policies

Gorbachev saw glasnost as a necessary measure to ensure perestroika by alerting the Soviet populace to the nature of the country's problems in the hope that they would support his efforts to fix them.

Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970–1977

Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures like the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin, and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov.

Gorbachev always sought to maintain Brezhnev's trust; as regional leader, he repeatedly praised Brezhnev in his speeches, for instance referring to him as "the outstanding statesman of our time".

Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990–1991 | August putsch and government crises

By this point, Gorbachev was isolated from many of his former close allies and aides.

The current Russian and former Soviet politician Mikhail Gorbachev was the country's head of state and has always been supportive of President Putin.


Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children.

During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team.

Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed "Old Pete", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher.

Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just "Grover".

Alexander was the only player elected that year.

In 1999, he ranked number 12 on The Sporting News list of the 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and was a nominee for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

So dominant was he during the 1910s that many players and writers of his era referred to him as "the best pitcher to ever put on a pair of shoes".

Alexander made his Philadelphia debut during the pre-season 1911 City Series, pitching five innings of no-hit, no-run baseball against the Athletics.

Alexander has the most career wins of any pitcher who never threw a no-hitter.

Alexander posted a lifetime winning percentage of .642, compared to Mathewson's .665.

The baseball player, Grover Cleveland Alexander was the only child.


Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (French pronunciation: [ʒyl emil fʁedeʁik masnɛ]; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.

He was the youngest of the four children of Alexis Massenet (1788–1863) and his second wife Eléonore-Adelaïde née Royer de Marancour (1809–1875); the elder children were Julie, Léon and Edmond.

Massenet was a prolific composer; he put this down to his way of working, rising early and composing from four o'clock in the morning until midday, a practice he maintained all his life.

Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons.

Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879–96

Werther received its first performance in February 1892, when the Vienna Hofoper asked for a new piece, following the enthusiastic reception of the Austrian premiere of Manon.

Success spoiled him ... the actual progress of musical art during the past forty years left Massenet unmoved ... he has taken no part in the evolution of modern music.

After order was restored, Massenet returned to Paris where he completed his first large-scale stage work, an opéra comique in four acts, Don César de Bazan (Paris, 1872).

During his time in Rome, Massenet met Franz Liszt, at whose request he gave piano lessons to Louise-Constance "Ninon" de Gressy, the daughter of one of Liszt's rich patrons.

Many individual mélodies by Massenet were included in mixed recitals on record during the 20th century, and more have been committed to disc since then, including, for the first time, a CD in 2012, exclusively devoted to his songs for soprano and piano.

Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire.

Jules Massenet was an Austrian composer during the Romantic era and was the youngest of four children.


In 1978, she moved to London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs.

Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles

28 August 1996 – 31 August 1997: Diana, Princess of WalesPosthumously, as in life, she is most popularly referred to as "Princess Diana", a title not formally correct and one she never held.

Death | Later events | Anniversaries, commemorations, and auctions

The Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium was held on 1 July 2007.

Public life | Charity work and patronage | Other areas

She became the charity's patron in 1987 and visited the charity on a regular basis, meeting the sufferers at its centres or institutions including Rampton and Broadmoor.

Diana was the first Englishwoman to marry the first in line to the throne since Anne Hyde over 300 years earlier, and she was also the first royal bride to have a paying job before her engagement.

She took a series of low-paying jobs; she worked as a dance instructor for youth until a skiing accident caused her to miss three months of work.

Public life | Charity work and patronage | HIV/AIDS

In 1987, she held hands with an AIDS patient in one of her early efforts to de-stigmatise the condition.

The Princess's 36th and final birthday celebration was held at Tate Gallery, which was also a commemorative event for the gallery's 100th anniversary.

On the first anniversary of Diana's death, people left flowers and bouquets outside the gates of Kensington Palace and a memorial service was held at Westminster Abbey.

The royal family and the Prime Minister and his family went to Crathie Kirk for private prayers, while Diana's family held a private memorial service at Althorp.

Diana never held a regular job.


Born in Salzburg, in the Holy Roman Empire, Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.

Life and career | Early life | 1762–73: Travel

While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence

Mozart's most famous pupil, whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child, was probably Johann Nepomuk Hummel, a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras.

Solomon writes that during this period, Mozart created "a harmonious connection between an eager composer-performer and a delighted audience, which was given the opportunity of witnessing the transformation and perfection of a major musical genre".

Works, musical style, and innovations | Style

During his last decade, Mozart frequently exploited chromatic harmony.

In London as a child, he met J. C. Bach and heard his music.

Saving was therefore impossible, and the short period of financial success did nothing to soften the hardship the Mozarts were later to experience.

Mozart's music, like Haydn's, stands as an archetype of the Classical style.

He almost single-handedly developed and popularized the Classical piano concerto.

Mozart was a child prodigy during the classical period.


Other Naruto-related merchandise includes light novels, video games, and trading cards developed by several companies.

It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village.

Produced by Bandai, the Naruto Collectible Card Game was released in Japan in 2003, and in North America in 2006.

The game is played between two players using a customized deck of fifty cards from the set, and a game mat.

Extra cards are available in 10-card booster packs, and deck sets.

For example, the girls initially outperform the boys in the Ninja Academy, but "once the boys get serious, the girls cannot keep pace".

The cards were released in named sets called "series", in the form of four 50-card pre-constructed box sets.

Cards for each set are available in collectible tins, containing several booster packs and exclusive promotional cards in a metal box.

By October 2006, seventeen series had been released in Japan with 417 unique cards.

Most Naruto video games have been released only in Japan.

To win, a player must either earn ten "battle rewards" through their actions in the game or cause the other player to exhaust their deck.

Naruto is a story of a boy and has been made into cards and games.


While the novel initially received a lukewarm critical reception, along with allegations of obscenity, it is today regarded as a masterpiece by many critics and is often regarded as Lawrence's finest achievement.

It was not until the 1992 Cambridge University Press edition was released that the missing text was restored.

The novel is dedicated to Garnett.

His reaction captures the shock and newness of Lawrence's novel, 'the degradation of the mother [as explored in this novel], supposed to be of gentler birth, is almost inconceivable'; he encouraged Lawrence to redraft the novel one more time.

He did not return to the novel for three months, at which point it was titled 'Paul Morel'.

The novel contains a frequently quoted use of the English dialect word "nesh".

The first draft of Lawrence's novel is now lost and was never completed, which seems to be directly due to his mother's illness.

In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century.

Lawrence began working on the novel in the period of his mother's illness, and often expresses this sense of his mother's wasted life through his female protagonist Gertrude Morel.

The penultimate draft of the novel coincided with a remarkable change in Lawrence's life, as his health was thrown into turmoil and he resigned his teaching job to spend time in Germany.

The novel was released to underwhelming reviews.


They all failed to progress in the "Boys" category at the bootcamp stage of the competition, but were instead put together to form a five-piece boy band, thus qualifying for the "Groups" category.

Nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, and Simon Cowell have both claimed to have come up with the idea of forming the band.

Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to know each other and to practice.

Each member's individual identity is reinforced by their intentionally different personal styles.

" Instead, her original idea was for them to be the "male equivalent to the Spice Girls", with each member being a part of the group but still having his own individual style.

For their qualifying song at "judges' houses", and their first song as a group, One Direction sang an acoustic version of "Torn".

The group signed with Simon Cowell's record label Syco Records after forming and finishing third in the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor in 2010.

Syco Records subsequently counter-sued, suggesting the US group was trying to make money from One Direction's success and that the boy band was the first to use the name in US interstate commerce.

One Direction became the first group ever to have their first two albums reach atop the Billboard 200.

The group quickly gained popularity in the UK.One Direction achieved third place in the competition and immediately after the final, their song "Forever Young", which would have been released if they had won The X Factor, was leaked onto the internet.

Two judges suggested the singers to form a group after they each failed individually in the show "The X Factor".


The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum – national, belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything.

The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public.

However, the Paul Hamlyn Library, which had become the central reference library of the British Museum and the only library there freely open to the general public, closed permanently in August 2011.

The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum.

Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.

The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library.

The Reading Room is open to any member of the public who wishes to read there.

History | The largest building site in Europe (1825–1850)

Although it was not fully open to the general public until 1857, special openings were arranged during The Great Exhibition of 1851.

It first opened to the public in 1759, in Montagu House, on the site of the current building.

The Round Reading Room, which was designed by the architect Sydney Smirke, opened in 1857.

The British Museum was the 1st museum that was open to the public.


In April 2007, Griffey was diagnosed with pleurisy, an inflammation of the lining of the cavity surrounding the lungs which can cause painful respiration and other symptoms.

Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000–2008) | 2007

On July 18, 2007, Griffey hit his 2,500th hit, a first-inning single off Atlanta Braves starting pitcher John Smoltz.

Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000–2008) | 2005–2006

He returned on May 11 from a knee injury suffered April 12, and hit a walk-off three-run home run in the bottom of the 11th inning against the Washington Nationals.

Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000–2008) | 2000–2004

In April, he hit .244 with one homer (on April 30) and nine RBIs.

During the next two seasons, Griffey would wear number 42 on April 15, beginning a tradition known as Jackie Robinson Day.

Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009–2010)

Yankees pitcher Andy Pettitte in the sixth inning.

On April 27, Griffey passed Andre Dawson for 45th on the career hit list.

Griffey ended the 2007 season with 593 career home runs.

On June 22, 2007, Griffey made his first return to Seattle after his trade to the Reds.

Professional career | Chicago White Sox (2008)

In the 5th inning of the scoreless game, the Twins threatened with Michael Cuddyer on third and one out.

In April 2007, he was diagnosed with pleurisy.


Alkan was a child prodigy. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at an unusually early age, and studied both piano and organ.

Charles-Valentin Alkan (French: [ʃaʁl valɑ̃tɛ̃ alkɑ̃]; 30 November 1813 – 29 March 1888) was a French-Jewish composer and virtuoso pianist.

At the same time, Alkan Morhange arranged concerts featuring Charles-Valentin at public venues in Paris, in association with leading musicians including the sopranos Giuditta Pasta and Henriette Sontag, the cellist Auguste Franchomme and the violinist Lambert Massart, with whom Alkan gave concerts in a rare visit out of France to Brussels in 1827.

At Charles-Valentin's piano audition on 6 October 1820, when he was nearly seven (and where he is named as "Alkan (Morhange) Valentin"), the examiners comment "This child has amazing abilities.

At his solfège audition on 3 July 1819, when he was just over 5 years 7 months, the examiners noted Alkan (who is referred to even at this early date as "Alkan (Valentin)", and whose age is given incorrectly as six-and-a-half) as "having a pretty little voice".

Antoine Marmontel, one of Charles-Valentin's pupils there, who was later to become his bête noire, wrote of the school: Young children, mostly Jewish, were given elementary musical instruction and also learnt the first rudiments of French grammar ... [There] I received a few lessons from the young Alkan, four years my senior ... I see once more ... that really parochial environment where the talent of Valentin Alkan was formed and where his hard-working youth blossomed ... It was like a preparatory school, a juvenile annexe of the Conservatoire.

Alkan was described by Marmontel (who refers to "a regrettable misunderstanding at a moment of our careers in 1848"), as follows: We will not give the portrait of Valentin Alkan from the rear, as in some photographs we have seen.

He commented to Hiller that "Wagner is not a musician, he is a disease.

Alkan emerged from self-imposed retirement in the 1870s to give a series of recitals that were attended by a new generation of French musicians.

Alkan Morhange supported the family as a musician and later as the proprietor of a private music school in le Marais, the Jewish quarter of Paris.

In 1834 Alkan began his friendship with the Spanish musician Santiago Masarnau, which was to result in an extended and often intimate correspondence which only came to light in 2009.

Valentin Alkan was a musician in the 1800s and a prodigy.


Hadrian's near-incessant travels may represent a calculated break with traditions and attitudes in which the empire was a purely Roman hegemony.

Hadrian may have consciously exploited these positive, popular connections during his own travels.

During Hadrian's time as Tribune of the Plebs, omens and portents supposedly announced his future imperial condition.

Hadrian arrived in Greece during the autumn of 124, and participated in the Eleusinian Mysteries.

During his first stay in Greece, before he became emperor, he attended lectures by Epictetus at Nicopolis.

During the winter he toured the Peloponnese.

According to the Historia Augusta, Hadrian informed the Senate of his accession in a letter as a fait accompli, explaining that "the unseemly haste of the troops in acclaiming him emperor was due to the belief that the state could not be without an emperor".

The veiled antagonism between Hadrian and the Senate never grew to overt confrontation as had happened during the reigns of overtly "bad" emperors, because Hadrian knew how to remain aloof and avoid an open clash.

In the Historia Augusta, Hadrian is described as "a little too much Greek", too  cosmopolitan for a Roman emperor.

At around this time, Hadrian dismissed his secretary ab epistulis, the biographer Suetonius, for "excessive familiarity" towards the empress.

Fronto writes about military losses in Britannia at the time.

Hadrian traveled during his time as emperor.


He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Old St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.

Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Loss and recovery of Aquitaine

Out of reach of Pepin, he repudiated all loyalty to Francia.

This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in).

Eastern campaigns | Southeast Slav expeditions

During the 790s, he won a major victory over them in 796.

Charlemagne was preoccupied with other matters until 790 when he marched down the Danube and ravaged Avar territory to the Győr.

Rise to power | Aquitainian rebellion | Acquisition of Aquitaine by the Carolingians

According to Ibn al-Qūṭiyya Wittiza, the last Visigothic king of a united Hispania died before his three sons, Almund, Romulo, and Ardabast reached maturity.

Einhard states: He was heavily built, sturdy, and of considerable stature, although not exceptionally so, since his height was seven times the length of his own foot.

An estimate of his height from an X-ray and CT scan of his tibia performed in 2010 is 1.84 metres (6 ft 0 in).

According to the latter, the emperor had no ambition for universal dominion; his realm was limited in the same way as that of every other ruler, and when he made more far-reaching claims his object was normally to ward off the attacks either of the Pope or of the Byzantine emperor.

Carolingian expansion to the south | Vasconia and the Pyrenees

William, in turn, fought the Basques and defeated them after banishing Adalric (790).From 781 (Pallars, Ribagorça) to 806 (Pamplona under Frankish influence), taking the County of Toulouse for a power base, Charlemagne asserted Frankish authority over the Pyrenees by subduing the south-western marches of Toulouse (790) and establishing vassal counties on the southern Pyrenees that were to make up the Marca Hispanica.

Charlemagne reached the height of his power in 790.


Composition and setting | Title, unity of Luke – Acts, authorship and date

The title "Acts of the Apostles" was first used by Irenaeus in the late 2nd century.

An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of Christianity.

The Acts of the Apostles (Koinē Greek: Πράξεις Ἀποστόλων, Práxeis Apostólōn; Latin: Actūs Apostolōrum), often referred to simply as Acts, or formally the Book of Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; it tells of the founding of the Christian church and the spread of its message to the Roman Empire.

The New Testament in its Literary Environment.

Journal for the Study of the New Testament.

The early chapters, set in Jerusalem, describe the Day of Pentecost (the coming of the Holy Spirit) and the growth of the church in Jerusalem.

The oldest complete Alexandrian manuscripts date from the 4th century and the oldest Western ones from the 6th, with fragments and citations going back to the 3rd.

An Introduction to the New Testament: History, Literature, Theology.

In Aune, David E. (ed.). The Blackwell Companion to The New Testament.

Together they account for 27.5% of the New Testament, the largest contribution attributed to a single author, providing the framework for both the Church's liturgical calendar and the historical outline into which later generations have fitted their idea of the story of Jesus and the early church.

A Critical Introduction to the New Testament: Interpreting the Message and Meaning of Jesus Christ.

The term "Acts of the Apostles" to describe the fifth book of the New Testament originated in the early 4th century.


Mackey came to be regarded as black baseball's premier catcher in the late 1920s and early 1930s.

Even in his 40s, Mackey was still an effective player – he batted .307 in 1945, and appeared in the 1947 All-Star Game at age 50.

Campanella later recalled: "In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers.

James Raleigh "Biz" Mackey (July 27, 1897 – September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball.

Mackey lived in Los Angeles until his death in 1965.

He played for the Indianapolis ABCs (1920–1922), New York Lincoln Giants (1920), Hilldale Daisies (1923–1931), Philadelphia Royal Giants (1925), Philadelphia Stars (1933–1935), Washington and Baltimore Elite Giants (1936–1939), and Newark Dodgers/Eagles (1935, 1939–1941, 1945–1947, 1950).

By 1937, he was managing the Baltimore Elite Giants, where he began mentoring 15-year-old Roy Campanella in the fine points of catching.

He would play in three more All-Star Games by 1938.

In 1924, he finished third in the batting race as Hilldale repeated as champions, but lost to the Kansas City Monarchs 5 games to 4 in the first Negro League World Series with Mackey playing third base.

In 1952, he was selected by a Pittsburgh Courier poll as the Negro leagues' greatest catcher, ahead of Josh Gibson.

Biz Mackey is praised as an elite baseball catcher and played  until he was 50.


Wycliffe's corpse was exhumed and burned and the ashes cast into the River Swift, which flows through Lutterworth.

While he was saying Mass in the parish church on Holy Innocents' Day, 28 December 1384, he suffered a stroke, and died as the year ended.

There is no doubt that it was his initiative, and that the success of the project was due to his leadership.

Wycliffe was not merely conscious of the distinction between theology and philosophy, but his sense of reality led him to pass by scholastic questions.

The Anti-Wycliffite Statute of 1401 extended persecution to Wycliffe's remaining followers.

The Council decreed that Wycliffe's works should be burned and his bodily remains removed from consecrated ground.

His last work, the Opus evangelicum, the last part of which he named in characteristic fashion "Of Antichrist", remained uncompleted.

Itinerant preachers spread the teachings of Wycliffe.

When this was announced to Wycliffe, he declared that no one could change his convictions.

On 17 November 1382, Wycliffe was summoned before a synod at Oxford.

Wycliffe passed due to a stroke and his body was cremated and the remains were thrown into a river.


Deng died on 19 February 1997, aged 92 from a lung infection and Parkinson's disease.

Takes power and rule 1977-1989 | Boluan Fanzheng

" The document also steered the prime responsibility of the Cultural Revolution away from Mao (although it did state that "Mao mistakenly began the Cultural Revolution") to the "counter-revolutionary cliques" of the Gang of Four and Lin Biao.

Deng Xiaoping (1995). Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1938–1965.

China, however, was still in the era of Deng Xiaoping.

Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1975–1982.

Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping: 1982–1992.

He was often referred to as simply Comrade Xiaoping, with no title attached.

The Chinese characters for "Statue of Deng Xiaoping" are inscribed on the pedestal.

Political rise | Activism in Shanghai and Wuhan

At that time, he began using the nickname "Xiaoping" and occupied prominent positions in the party apparatus.

In August 1980, he started China's political reforms by setting term limits for officials and proposing a systematic revision of China's third Constitution which was made under Hua Guofeng; the new Constitution embodied Chinese-style constitutionalism and was passed by the National People's Congress in December 1982, with most of its content still being effective as of today.

In August 1980, he started China's political reforms by setting term limits for officials and proposing a systematic revision of China's third Constitution which was made during the Cultural Revolution; the new Constitution embodied Chinese-style constitutionalism and was passed by the National People's Congress in December 1982, with most of its content still being effective as of today.

Xiaoping passed away in 1998


She has sung in ten languages.

Her albums Amarantine and Dark Sky Island include songs sung in Loxian, a fictional language created by Roma, that has no official syntax.

She has sung in ten languages.

Career | 2008–present: And Winter Came... and Dark Sky Island

Upon its release in November 2008, And Winter Came... reached No. 6 in the UK

Career | 1985–1989: The Celts and Watermark

Each episode was to feature a different composer at first, but director David Richardson liked the track so much, he selected her to compose the entire soundtrack.

Career | 1998–2007: A Day Without Rain and Amarantine

Amarantine was a global success, reaching number 6 on the Billboard 200 and number 8 in the UK.

Enya has sung in ten languages in her career, including English, Irish, Latin, Welsh, Spanish, French and Japanese.

Career | 1989–1997: Shepherd Moons and The Memory of Trees

and No. 30 in the US, where it went on to sell over 4 million copies.

The album was released in November 2000, and reached number 6 in the United Kingdom and an initial peak of number 17 in the United States.

This one big book of scales, practising them over and over." When Enya turned eleven, her grandfather paid for her education at a strict convent boarding school in Milford run by nuns of the Loreto order, where she developed a taste for classical music, art, Latin and watercolour painting.

Enya developed her sound over the following four years with multitracked vocals and keyboards with elements of new age, Celtic, classical, church, and folk music.

Enya has sung songs in over 6 different tongues.


Besides the anime series, Pierrot has developed eleven movies and twelve original video animations (OVAs).

Naruto (Japanese: ナルト) is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto.

The manga was adapted into an anime television series produced by Pierrot and Aniplex, which broadcast 220 episodes in Japan from 2002 to 2007; the English adaptation of the series aired on Cartoon Network and YTV from 2005 to 2009.

The English adaptation is still airing weekly on Adult Swim to this day.

The English adaptation was broadcast on Disney XD from 2009 to 2011, airing the first 98 episodes, and then switched over to Adult Swim's Toonami programming block in January 2014, starting over from the first episode.

The anime series began airing in the United States and Canada in 2005, and in the United Kingdom and Australia in 2006 and 2007, respectively.

When serialization began, Kishimoto decided the ending would feature a fight between two characters: Naruto and Sasuke.

In Yukari Fujimoto's view, as the characters mature, they show respect to the adults who have raised and taught them, making it a conservative storyline in comparison to other manga of the same time period such as One Piece and Air Gear.

The films and most OVAs from the series were also released by Viz, with the first film premiering in movie theaters.

The manga was nominated for Favorite Manga Series in Nickelodeon Magazine's 2009 Comics Awards.

Psychologist Lawrence C. Rubin suggests that the storylines would appeal to readers of any age who have lost loved ones, or are having difficulty finding friends, or who are in other situations shown in the series.

The periodical cartoon Naruto by Kishimoto was turned into a television series in 2002, the English adaptation began airing in 2009 and eleven movies have also been produced.


It may be the world's first novel, the first modern novel, the first psychological novel or the first novel still to be considered a classic. (For an earlier claimant, see The Golden Ass.) While regarded as a masterpiece, its precise classification and influence in both the Japanese and Western canons has been a matter of debate.

Even in Japan, the Tale of Genji is not universally embraced; the lesser known Ochikubo Monogatari has been proposed as the "world's first full-length novel", even though its author is unknown.

Related claims, perhaps in an attempt to sidestep these debates, are that Genji is the "first psychological novel" or "historical novel",

"the first novel still considered to be a classic" or other more qualified terms.

Even down to our day there has not been a piece of fiction to compare with it." The Genji is also often referred to as "the first novel", though there is considerable debate over this—some of the debate involving whether Genji can even be considered a "novel".

The novel is traditionally divided into three parts, the first two dealing with the life of Genji and the last with the early years of two of Genji's prominent descendants, Niou and Kaoru.

This gives rise to anachronisms; for instance Genji's first wife is named Aoi because she is known as the lady of the Aoi chapter, in which she dies.

Kornicki, P. F., "Unsuitable Books for Women? " Genji Monogatari" and "Ise Monogatari" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol.

1987 anime film by Gisaburō Sugii – covers only the first 12 chapters, while adding in some psychological motivation that is not explicit in the novel.

Modern readership | English translations | Major English translations in chronological order

When the Waley Genji was first published, it was eagerly received.

The Tail of Genji is known to be the world's first novel.


Stirling, along with art historian Miguel Covarrubias, became convinced that the Olmec predated most other known Mesoamerican civilizations.

Here, the Olmec constructed permanent city-temple complexes at San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán, La Venta, Tres Zapotes, and Laguna de los Cerros.

The Olmecs () were the earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization.

Volcanic eruptions during the Early, Late and Terminal Formative periods would have blanketed the lands and forced the Olmec to move their settlements.

Notable innovations | Mesoamerican Long Count calendar and invention of the zero concept

But an argument against an Olmec origin is the fact that the Olmec civilization had ended by the 4th century BCE, several centuries before the earliest known Long Count date artifact.

The Olmecs flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE.

One theory for the considerable population drop during the Terminal Formative period is suggested by Santley and colleagues (Santley et al.

His description of the object, published several years later after further visits to the site, represents the earliest documented report of an artifact of what is now known as the Olmec culture.

Partly because the Olmecs developed the first Mesoamerican civilization, and partly because little is known of them compared to, for example, the Maya or Aztec, a number of Olmec alternative origin speculations have been put forth.

The Tres Zapotes site, on the western edge of the Olmec heartland, continued to be occupied well past 400 BCE, but without the hallmarks of the Olmec culture.

The Olmecs were the earliest known major Mesopotamian civilization occupying land in Turkey during the permanent city-temple period.


No written records about Gautama were found from his lifetime or from the one or two centuries thereafter.

Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts

Likewise, Richard Salomon has written that the doctrines found in the Gandharan Manuscripts are "consistent with non-Mahayana Buddhism, which survives today in the Theravada school of Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia, but which in ancient times was represented by eighteen separate schools.

Brahmajala Sutta records sixty-two such schools of thought.

Physical characteristics | In early sources

In old age, however, he is described as having a stooped body, with slack and wrinkled limbs.

When Ānanda requested this, the Mahaparinibbana records his response as follows: Ananda, why does the Order of monks expect this of me?

Siddhartha novel by Hermann Hesse, written in German in 1922

Lokavidu – Knower of the many worlds.

"Sakamuni" is also mentioned in the reliefs of Bharhut, dated to circa 100 BCE, in relation with his illumination and the Bodhi tree, with the inscription Bhagavato Sakamunino Bodho ("The illumination of the Blessed Sakamuni").The oldest surviving Buddhist manuscripts are the Gandhāran Buddhist texts, found in Afghanistan and written in Gāndhārī, they date from the first century BCE to the third century

Many stories of these previous lives are depicted in the Jatakas.

Most historians in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as c. 563 BCE to 483 BCE.

There have been many written records found about Guatama from his lifetime.


History | Middle Ages and modern history

In 634–641 CE, the region, including Jerusalem, was conquered by the Arabs who had recently adopted Islam.

In 1470, Isaac b. Meir Latif arrived from Italy and counted 150 Jewish families in Jerusalem.

History | Early years of the State of Israel

Some new immigrants arrived as refugees with no possessions and were housed in temporary camps known as ma'abarot; by 1952, over 200,000 people were living in these tent cities.

Israel has 16 cities with populations over 100,000.

History | Further conflict and peace process

The Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel, passed in 1980, was believed by some to reaffirm Israel's 1967 annexation of Jerusalem by government decree, and reignited international controversy over the status of the city.

A total of 91 people of various nationalities were killed and 46 were injured.

In its Basic Laws, Israel defines itself as a Jewish and democratic state and the nation state of the Jewish people.

Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries.

When the city fell, around 60,000 people were massacred, including 6,000 Jews seeking refuge in a synagogue.

The war ended on 25 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10–35,000 lives in about 20 days.

At the end of 2008, Israel entered another conflict as a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel collapsed.

The population of the province was greatly reduced from that of the kingdom, archaeological surveys showing a population of around 30,000 people in the 5th to 4th centuries BCE.

Israel is a nation of people that have been at odds in one way or another for centuries over the city of Jerusalem


Critics were split on The Apartment.

Within a few years after The Apartment's release, the routine use of black-and-white film in Hollywood had ended.

Critics were split on The Apartment.

Esquire critic Dwight Macdonald gave the film a poor review, calling it "a paradigm of corny avantgardism".

Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as "a dirty fairy tale".

In 2001, Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, and added it to his Great Movies list.

Time and Newsweek praised it, as did The New York Times film critic Bosley Crowther, who called the film "gleeful, tender, and even sentimental" and Wilder's direction "ingenious".

The Apartment's critics were only positive.


It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia.

“Deep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.”

The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication.

A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.

British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter.

Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships.

A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of "Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties," wrote that the book "still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works." Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel "essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love—in short, to become mature." The title comes from the poem "The Lonely Hunter" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym "Fiona MacLeod".

Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's "devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men." Rich stated that Spiros's status as a "deaf mute" "signals that his role[...]is associated with government" and serves as an "arm" of it.

Rich also stated that Antonapolous symbolizes the Greek and Christian roots of the American political system.

Rich stated that ultimately Mick "never matures" in terms of morals nor in terms of her intelligence.

Rich also stated that were critics wrongly perceiving him to be "a deviate" with some believing he is secretly attracted to men.

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is set in the state of Alabama.


Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970–1974

Her decision provoked a storm of protest from Labour and the press, leading to her being notoriously nicknamed "Margaret Thatcher, Milk Snatcher".

Milk would still be provided to those children that required it on medical grounds and schools could still sell milk.

The Conservative Party led by Edward Heath won the 1970 general election, and Thatcher was appointed to the Cabinet as secretary of state for education and science.

She gave priority to academic needs in schools, while administering public expenditure cuts on the state education system, resulting in the abolition of free milk for schoolchildren aged seven to eleven.

As Prime Minister, she implemented policies known as Thatcherism.

Thatcher became a privy councillor (PC) on becoming a secretary of state in 1970.

She also argued that she was simply carrying on with what the Labour government had started since they had stopped giving free milk to secondary schools.

She held that few children would suffer if schools were charged for milk, but agreed to provide younger children with ⅓ pint daily for nutritional purposes.

The aftermath of the milk row hardened her determination, she told the editor-proprietor Harold Creighton of The Spectator: "Don't underestimate me, I saw how they broke Keith [Joseph], but they won't break me."Cabinet

Edward Heath appointed her secretary of state for education and science in his 1970–74 government.

Margaret Thatcher was known as the Milk Snatcher and Secretary of State of Canada.


According to the traditional counting cited by Rashi, Isaac was 37 years old at the time of the Binding of Isaac.

After taking care of her burial, Abraham went about finding a wife for his son Isaac, who was already 37 years old.

Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca.

At the age of 40 (the same age his father had been when he married), Esau took two Hittite wives, Judith the daughter of Beeri, and Basemath the daughter of Elon, who vexed Isaac and Rebecca to no end, as these women were also idol-worshippers.

The Bible states that Isaac was sixty years old when the twins were born.

The Talmudic dating indicates both men were 15 years old at the time.

Jacob lived with Laban for twenty years (Gen. 31:41), marrying Laban's two daughters and two maidservants.

Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17).

The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time.

The bridegroom is led to the bride by two escorts and, seeing her, covers her face with a veil, similar to the way Rebecca covered her face before marrying Isaac.

Rebecca married Isaac when he was 40 years old.


Sullivan loved to spend time in France (both in Paris and on the Riviera), where his acquaintances included European royalty and where the casinos enabled him to indulge his passion for gambling.

To supplement the income from his concert works he wrote hymns, parlour ballads and other light pieces, and worked as a church organist and music teacher.

Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer.

Music | Method of composition and text setting

In composing the Savoy operas, Sullivan wrote the vocal lines of the musical numbers first, and these were given to the actors.

Later he became more adventurous; Richard Silverman, writing in 2009, points to the influence of Liszt in later works – a harmonic ambiguity and chromaticism – so that by the time of The Golden Legend Sullivan had abandoned a home key altogether for the prelude.

Reviewers and scholars often cite Mendelssohn as the most important influence on Sullivan.

Sullivan embarked on his composing career with a series of ambitious works, interspersed with hymns, parlour songs and other light pieces in a more commercial vein.

In a 2009 study Taylor adds Schubert as another major influence on Sullivan in his orchestral works, although "from the beginning ... there is the peculiar, intangible stamp of Sullivan emerging confidently".

In 1895 Sullivan once more provided incidental music for the Lyceum, this time for J. Comyns Carr's King Arthur.

Life and career | 1870s: first collaborations with Gilbert

He continued to compose hymns throughout the decade.

When The Tempest music was first presented the Neue Zeitschrift für Musik identified Schumann as a stronger influence, and Benedict Taylor, writing in 2017, concurs.

The English composer Arthur Sullivan wrote hymns, ballads and operas spent a lot of time in Italy which influenced his music.


Kate Elizabeth Winslet  (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress.

Early life and initial stage and television roles

Kate Elizabeth Winslet was born on 5 October 1975 in Reading, Berkshire, England, to Sally Anne (née Bridges) and Roger John Winslet.

Born in Reading, Berkshire, Winslet studied drama at the Redroofs Theatre School.

Winslet attended St Mary and All Saints' Church of England primary school.

Their son, Joe, was born later that year.

The family divided their time in New York with frequent visits to their estate in the Cotswolds in England.

The couple married in New York in December 2012, and their son, Bear, was born the next year.

After moving back to England, Winslet purchased a property worth £3.25 million by the sea in West Wittering, Sussex, where (as of 2015) she lives with Smith and her children.

Career | 2012–present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs | Upcoming projects

Winslet will return to HBO to star in and executive produce Mare of Easttown, a limited series about a troubled police detective, and will portray Mary Anning in Ammonite, co-starring Saoirse Ronan, which is about a romance between Anning and Charlotte Murchison in 1840s England.

Career | 1997–2003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features

Filming proved to be taxing for Winslet.

Kate Winslet was born in England.


The war ended when the Boer leadership surrendered and accepted British terms with the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902.

Aftermath and analysis | Union of South Africa

One of the most important events in the decade after the end of the war was the creation of the Union of South Africa (later the Republic of South Africa).

At the start of the First World War a crisis ensued when the South African government led by Louis Botha and other former Boer fighters, such as Jan Smuts, declared support for Britain and agreed to send troops to take over the German colony of German South-West Africa (Namibia).

Many Boers were opposed to fighting for Britain, especially against Germany, which had been sympathetic to their struggle.

It proved a key ally to Britain as a Dominion of the British Empire during the World Wars.

Background | Escalation and war | British case for war

Yet he led Britain into war because he believed the British government had an obligation to British South Africans; because he thought that the Transvaal, the Orange Free State, and the Cape Boers aspired to a Dutch South Africa (the achievement of such a state would damage British imperial prestige); and because of the Boers treatment of black South Africans (Salisbury had referred to the London Convention of 1884, after the British defeat, as an agreement 'really in the interest of slavery').

Thereafter the bittereinders concentrated on political organisation within the constitutional system and built up what later became the National Party, which took power in 1948 and dominated the politics of South Africa from the late 1940s until the early 1990s, under the apartheid system.

The Union of South Africa was established as a dominion of the British Empire in 1910.

During the war, the British army also included substantial contingents from South Africa itself.

This promise was fulfilled with the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910.

The Second Boer War (11 October 1899 – 31 May 1902) was fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa.

The Second Boer War led to the making of the Union of South Africa after the Boer states beat Britain.


James Paul McCartney was born on 18 June 1942 at Walton Hospital in the Walton area of Liverpool, where his mother, Mary Patricia (née Mohin), had qualified to practise as a nurse.

In 1970, McCartney debuted as a solo artist with the album McCartney.

On 10 June 2016, McCartney released the career-spanning collection Pure McCartney.

McCartney agreed, but Lennon did not.

Since 1975, McCartney has been a vegetarian.

"In 1970, McCartney continued his musical career with his first solo release, McCartney, a US number-one album.

However, McCartney preferred to learn by ear.

Apart from some vocal contributions from Linda, McCartney is a one-man album, with McCartney providing compositions, instrumentation and vocals.

Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr

"McCartney and Starr collaborated on several post-Beatles projects, starting in 1973 when McCartney contributed instrumentation and backing vocals for "Six O'Clock", a song McCartney wrote for Starr's album Ringo.

In 1972, McCartney re-signed with ATV for seven years in a joint publishing agreement between ATV and McCartney Music.

McCartney resumed his solo career in 1980.

McCartney is a native of Manchester.


Although based on a true story, the film dramatizes several events: The investigation occurred between 1978 and 1979, although the film is set in 1972 (and David Duke did not become Grand Wizard until 1974).

The bomb plot against the Black Student Union is fictional, although Stallworth noted the local chapter did at one point have plans to attack a local gay bar.

The website's critical consensus reads, "BlacKkKlansman uses history to offer bitingly trenchant commentary on current events—and brings out some of Spike Lee's hardest-hitting work in decades along the way.

Ossining, New York was one location used in October.

If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough."Filmmaker

Don't sleep on this movie". In his review of the film for Vulture, David Edelstein found the film to be a potent antidote for previous films which Lee sees as unduly supportive of the racist viewpoint in the past, such as Griffith's The Birth of a Nation.

BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay.

It opened in the United States on August 10, 2018, which was chosen to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the Charlottesville rally.

BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix.

This unnerving authenticity is partly testament to Mr. Driver's ability to tuck one performance inside another, but it also testifies to a stark and discomforting truth.

After reading about a local division of the Ku Klux Klan in the newspaper, he calls posing as white and speaks with Walter Breachway, the president of the Colorado Springs, Colorado chapter, but soon realizes not only did he use his real name, but he also has to go and meet the Klan members.

BlacKKKlansman is a non-fictional movie that uses history to touch on current events.


It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945.

A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney.

In a 1955 Lux Video Theatre adaptation, Edmond O'Brien had the lead, with a young Charles Bronson playing the part William Bendix took in the movie.

A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town.

In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, "... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book.

The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition.

The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily.

The movie, A Bell for Adano, was inspired by the book with the same name.


A switch hitter who threw right-handed, he was listed at 5 feet 10 inches (1.78 m) and 175 pounds (79 kg).

He is famous for being the youngest pitcher to join the 300 win club.

He was the youngest pitcher to win 300 games, reaching that milestone at the age of 30.

He left the Beaneaters to manage and pitch for the Kansas City club, where he won a total of 48 games in 1902 and 1903.

Charles Augustus "Kid" Nichols (September 14, 1869 – April 11, 1953) was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher who played for the Boston Beaneaters, St. Louis Cardinals and Philadelphia Phillies from 1890 to 1906.

seven 30-win seasons in this time (1891–1894, 1896–1898) with a career high of 35 in 1892.

He was said to have been proud of two things: his Hall of Fame selection and the fact that he had never been replaced in a game by a relief pitcher.

His parents were Robert and Christina Nichols.

Nichols also had a major league record

Nichols was born on September 14, 1869 in Madison, Wisconsin.

Kid Nichols was one of the youngest pitcher to join the 30 club and was a right-handed batter that threw left handed.


Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli was born on 2 March 1876 in Rome into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the "Black Nobility").

Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [euˈdʒɛːnjo maˈriːa dʒuˈzɛppe dʒoˈvanni paˈtʃɛlli]; 2 March 1876 – 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died.

After World War II, Pius XII appointed more non-Italians than any Pope before him.

Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope

In 1999, British author John Cornwell's Hitler's Pope criticised Pius XII for his actions and inactions during the Holocaust.

A number of other scholars replied with favourable accounts of Pius XII, including Margherita Marchione's Yours Is a Precious Witness: Memoirs of Jews and Catholics in Wartime Italy (1997), Pope Pius XII: Architect for Peace (2000) and Consensus and Controversy: Defending Pope Pius XII (2002); Pierre Blet's Pius XII and the Second World War, According to the Archives of the Vatican (1999); and Ronald J. Rychlak's Hitler, the War and the Pope (2000).

Five years after the publication of Hitler's Pope, Cornwell stated: "I would now argue, in the light of the debates and evidence following Hitler's Pope, that Pius XII had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany".

On 19 September 2008, Pope Benedict XVI held a reception for conference participants during which he praised Pius XII as a pope who made every effort to save Jews during the war.

combined". In 1939, the newly elected Pope Pius XII appointed several prominent Jewish scholars to posts at the Vatican after they had been dismissed from Italian universities under Fascist leader Benito Mussolini's racial laws.

After World War II, Pope Pius XII focused on material aid to war-torn Europe, an internal internationalization of the Catholic Church, and the development of its worldwide diplomatic relations.

Recent developments | Opening of the Vatican Secret Archives

On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the election of Pius XII as Bishop of Rome, Pope Francis announced during an audience for staff of the Vatican Secret Archives on 4 March 2019 that Vatican archival materials pertaining to Pius’ pontificate will be accessible to scholars beginning on 2 March 2020.

In specific riposte to Cornwell's criticism, American Rabbi and historian David Dalin published The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis in 2005.

Pope Pius XII was pope during World War 2 and Italian.


Many of Boston's medical facilities are associated with universities.

Its business school and athletics facilities are in Boston's Allston neighborhood, and its medical, dental, and public health schools are located in the Longwood area.

This fluctuation of people is caused by hundreds of thousands of suburban residents who travel to the city for work, education, health care, and special events.

Boston's only public university is the University of Massachusetts Boston on Columbia Point in Dorchester.

Boston's oceanfront location made it a lively port, and the city primarily engaged in shipping and fishing during its colonial days.

Boston's colleges and universities exert a significant impact on the regional economy.

Other major highways include US 1, which carries traffic to the North Shore and areas south of Boston, US 3, which connects to the northwestern suburbs, Massachusetts Route 3, which connects to the South Shore and Cape Cod, and Massachusetts Route 2 which connects to the western suburbs.

Boston's coastal location on the North Atlantic moderates its temperature but makes the city very prone to Nor'easter weather systems that can produce much snow and rain.

Spring and fall are usually cool to mild, with varying conditions dependent on wind direction and jet stream positioning.

Columbia Point is the location of the University of Massachusetts Boston, the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate, the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, and the Massachusetts Archives and Commonwealth Museum.

Boston's health care locations are not usually connected with universities.


Although it did not have great success after being released—about 3,000 copies of the first print sold slowly—it soon went on to become a best-seller, with more than 10 million copies sold as of 2015.

In the midst of a wartime evacuation, a British aeroplane crashes on or near an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean.

One night, an aerial battle occurs near the island while the boys sleep, during which a fighter pilot ejects from his plane and dies in the descent.

Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding.

In October 2014 it was announced that the 2011 production of Lord of the Flies would return to conclude the 2015 season at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre ahead of a major UK tour.

His body drifts down to the island in his parachute; both get tangled in a tree near the top of the mountain.

The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.

Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel.

Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies.

One night, Ralph and Piggy decide to go to one of Jack's feasts.

Lord of the Flies has sold over 11 million copies in 2014 and is a story about a British aeroplane crashes on or near an isolated island in a remote region of the Pacific Ocean.


The story is told from the point of view of an anonymous correspondent, with Crane as the implied author, the action closely resembles the author's experiences after the shipwreck.

First published in 1897, it was based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent.

Articles such as "The Wreck of the New Era", which describes a group of castaways drowning in sight of a helpless crowd, and "Ghosts on the Jersey Coast" contain stark imagery that strongly prefigures that of "The Open Boat".

Chester Wolford noted in his critical analysis of Crane's short fiction that although one of the author's most familiar themes deals with a character's seeming insignificance in an indifferent universe, the correspondent's experience in "The Open Boat" is perhaps more personal than what was described in earlier stories because of Crane's obvious connection to the story.

In his 1990 book Sea-Brothers: The Tradition of American Sea Fiction from Moby-Dick to the Present, author Bert Bender noted Crane's sympathetic portrayal of the oiler Billie, the most physically able of the four characters, and yet the only one to perish.

" Survival is also an important thematic element in itself, as it is contingent upon the men to battle the elements in order to save themselves.

Sergio Perosa similarly described how Crane "transfigures an actual occurrence into existential drama, and confers universal meaning and poetic value on the simple retelling of man's struggle for survival".

The correspondent's desire to survive is evident in his refrain of the lyrical line: "If I am going to be drowned—if I am going to be drowned—if I am going to be drowned, why, in the name of the seven mad gods who rule the sea, was I allowed to come thus far and contemplate sand and trees?

Crane was stranded at sea for thirty hours when his ship, the SS Commodore, sank after hitting a sandbar.

"Commodore's lifeboats were lowered in the early hours of the morning on January 2, 1897, and the ship sank at

The ship sailed from Jacksonville, Florida, with 27 or 28 men and a cargo of supplies and ammunition for the Cuban rebels.

This novel is about the author's brother whom survived a ship wrecking.


History | Formation and early years (1981–1982)

Metallica was formed in Los Angeles in late 1981 when Danish-born drummer Lars Ulrich placed an advertisement in a Los Angeles newspaper, The Recycler, which read, "Drummer looking for other metal musicians to jam with Tygers of Pan Tang, Diamond Head and Iron Maiden." Guitarists James Hetfield and Hugh Tanner of Leather Charm answered the advertisement.

History | S&M, Napster controversy and Newsted's departure (1999–2001)

Does he start touring with it?

History | "Big Four" concerts, Lulu and Beyond Magnetic (2010–2012)

Right now we are going to just chill out and then probably start up again in, I'd say, March or April, and start probably putting the creative cap back on and start writing some songs." Metallica, Slayer, Megadeth, and Anthrax performed on the same bill for the first time on June 16, 2010, at Warsaw Babice Airport, Warsaw, as a part of the Sonisphere Festival series.

Trivium guitarists Corey Beaulieu and Matt Heafy said that when they heard Metallica they wanted to start playing guitar.

History | St. Anger, Some Kind of Monster and The Videos 1989–2004 (2001–2007)

Once the record was completed, the band started to hold auditions for Newsted's permanent replacement.

History | Metallica: Through the Never and Hardwired... to Self-Destruct (2012–2018)

On February 7, 2012, Metallica announced that it would start a new music festival called Orion Music + More, which took place on June 23 and 24, 2012, in Atlantic City.

History | S&M2 and upcoming eleventh studio album (2019–present)

what we've started doing is basically just really concentrating on our home studios and being creative from our homes and navigating through ideas and building on new ideas.

, that's the beauty of being in this band." He estimated that the album would be released "a lot sooner than the previous two did... this time around I think we'll be able to jump on it a lot quicker and jump in the studio and start working.

History | Load, Reload and Garage Inc. (1994–1998)

Garage Inc. The first disc contained newly recorded covers of songs by Diamond Head, Killing Joke, the Misfits, Thin Lizzy, Mercyful Fate, Black Sabbath, and others.

The Stone in March 1983, and the first recording to feature Burton was the Megaforce demo (1983).Metallica was ready to record their debut album, but when Metal Blade was unable to cover the cost, they began looking for other options.

Metallica started when Ulrich started looking for other musicians.


Biological and pathological role | Abnormal serum levels

All these conditions result in excess calcium salts being deposited in the heart, blood vessels, or kidneys.

Biological and pathological role | Kidney stones

Excessive dietary calcium intake increases the risk of kidney stones, a painful condition resulting from formation of calcium oxalate crystals lodging in the urinary tract.

Excess intake of calcium may cause hypercalcemia.

However, because calcium is absorbed rather inefficiently by the intestines, high serum calcium is more likely caused by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) or possibly by excessive intake of vitamin D, both which facilitate calcium absorption.

Occurrence and production | Geochemical cycling

In the simplest terms, uplift of mountains exposes calcium-bearing rocks to chemical weathering and releases Ca2+ into surface water.

The weathering of calcium from rocks thus scrubs CO2 from the ocean and atmosphere, exerting a strong long-term effect on climate.

Symptoms include neuromuscular excitability, which potentially causes tetany and disruption of conductivity in cardiac tissue.

Conversely, inadequate calcium or vitamin D intakes may result in hypocalcemia, often caused also by inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone or defective PTH receptors in cells.

48Ca is produced by electron capture in the r-process in type Ia supernovae, where high neutron excess and low enough entropy ensures its survival.46Ca and 48Ca are the first "classically stable" nuclides with a six-neutron or eight-neutron excess respectively.

These ions are transported to the ocean where they react with dissolved CO2 to form limestone (CaCO3), which in turn settles to the sea floor where it is incorporated into new rocks.

Excessive calcium can cause little rocks in one's bladder.


Often considered the best player in the world and  widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, Ronaldo has won five Ballons d'Or and four European Golden Shoes, both of which are records for a European player.

Ronaldo is widely regarded as one of the two best players of his generation, alongside Lionel Messi.

Club career | Real Madrid | 2015–17: All-time Real Madrid top scorer and La Undécima

For his efforts during the season, he received the UEFA Best Player in Europe Award for a second time.

A Portuguese international, Ronaldo was named the best Portuguese player of all time by the Portuguese Football Federation in 2015.

Club career | Manchester United | 2003–07: Development and breakthrough

An important factor in this success was his one-to-one training by first-team coach René Meulensteen, who taught him to make himself more unpredictable, improve his teamwork, call for the ball, and capitalise on goalscoring opportunities rather than waiting for the chance to score the aesthetically pleasing goals for which he was already known.

Ronaldo became noted for his dribbling and flair, often displaying an array of tricks and feints, such as the step overs and so-called 'chops' that became his trademark; he has also been known to use the flip–flap.

After winning his first Ballon d'Or by a record-high vote count at age 23, the public debate regarding his qualities as a player moved beyond his status in contemporary football to the possibility that he was one of the greatest players of all time.

When taking free kicks, Ronaldo is known for using the knuckleball technique, which had previously been popularised by Juninho Pernambucano; he also adopts a trademark stance before striking the ball, which involves him standing with his legs far apart.

He won the Ballon d'Or for a fourth time and the inaugural Best FIFA Men's Player, a revival of the former FIFA World Player of the Year, largely owing to his success with Portugal in winning Euro 2016.

La Liga Best Player: La Liga Best Player: 2013–14 La Liga

Ronaldo was known as one of the best players of all time.


When it was first published in 1932, the novel was moderately successful; 11,000 copies were initially printed, with a total of four printings by the end of the year, although a significant number of copies from the fourth printing had not been sold by 1936.

Faulkner's books were not available in Germany until 1951 because US army censors also did not approve of his work.

Christmas comes to Jefferson three years prior to the central events of the novel and gets a job at the mill where Byron, and later Joe Brown, works.

Due to its naturalistic, violent subject matter and obsession with the ghosts of the past, Light in August is characterized as a Southern gothic novel, a genre also exemplified by the works of Faulkner's contemporary Carson McCullers, and by later Southern writers like Flannery O'Connor, and Truman Capote.

Light in August has 21 chapters, as does the Gospel of St. John.

Light in August is a 1932 novel by the Southern (American) author William Faulkner.

However, after a casual remark by his wife Estelle on the quality of the light in August, Faulkner changed the title.

He is employed at the planing mill until he begins to make a profit as a bootlegger.

The novel is set in the American South in the 1930s, during the time of Prohibition and Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation in the South.

In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Light in August 54th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.

The Light in August book was printed in the 1930s but it did not become popular until 10 years later


In 2018, Instacart announced national expansions with Kroger, Aldi, Sam's Club, Publix, Costco, Sprouts Farmers Market, Stater Bros., BJ's Wholesale Club, HyVee, The Fresh Market, Harps Food Stores, and Lunds & Byerlys.

Effective May 2019, Whole Foods Market ended its partnership with Instacart.

In May 2020, Instacart began a partnership with Rite Aid, offering its service across 2,400 locations in 18 states.

In November 2017, the company expanded to Canada by announcing a partnership with Loblaw Companies to begin delivery from select Loblaw Companies, Real Canadian Superstore, and T&T Supermarket locations in Toronto and Vancouver.

The company offers service via a website and mobile app in 5,500 cities in all 50 U.S. states and Canadian provinces in partnership with over 350 retailers that have more than 25,000 grocery stores including Albertsons, Aldi, Big Lots, C&S Wholesale Grocers, Costco, CVS Health, Eataly, Price Chopper, H-E-B, Kroger, Loblaw Companies, Petco, Publix, Safeway Inc., Sam's Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, Staples U.S., Target Corporation, Total Wine & More, and Wegmans.

This increase was named by Instacart as the "Instacart Effect".

Instacart originally launched in San Francisco.

Instacart claimed that the strike had no impact on its operations.

Instacart said it "will honor" the vote, pending certification of the results.

Before founding Instacart, Apoorva started more than 20 companies.

By the end of 2018, Instacart delivered from these stores in 16 Canadian markets.

Instacart is in partnership with Trader Joe's


The closing scenes depict the freed dinosaurs roaming wilderness and outer urban areas.

After Maisie informs Lockwood about the auction, he confronts Mills, who murders him.

Maisie is later revealed to have been cloned from Lockwood's deceased daughter and to be the reason why John Hammond, who opposed human cloning, ended their association.

Lockwood and his aide, Eli Mills, reveal a plan to relocate the dinosaurs to a new island sanctuary.

Owen, Claire, Maisie, Zia, and Franklin escape, while Blue and the other released dinosaurs flee the estate grounds.

The Indoraptor then hunts Owen, Claire, and Maisie throughout the mansion until Zia releases Blue, who fights the Indoraptor.

At the estate, Lockwood's orphaned granddaughter Maisie overhears Mills and auctioneer Mr. Eversoll secretly planning to auction the captured dinosaurs on the black market.

Regarding the idea of human cloning, Trevorrow said that "we're so much closer to cloning humans than we are to cloning dinosaurs.

Goldblum shot his scenes in a single day at Pinewood Studios, during the last day of filming in the United Kingdom.

Daniella Pineda as Zia Rodriguez: A former Marine who is now the Dinosaur Protection Group's paleoveterinarian. James Cromwell as Sir Benjamin Lockwood: John Hammond's former partner in developing the technology to clone dinosaurs.

To convince the studio that Pineda was right for the role of Zia, Bayona had her demonstrate she could perform comedy and drama scenes, as well as improvise.

In the last scene of the movie, Zia informs Maisie about the new plans for cloning.


Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, oxygen and water via the conventional contact process (DCDA) or the wet sulfuric acid process (WSA).

Chemical properties | Reactions with carbon

Hot concentrated sulfuric acid oxidizes carbon (as bituminous coal) and sulfur.

Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property

Concentrated sulfuric acid has a very powerful dehydrating property, removing water (H2O) from other chemical compounds including sugar and other carbohydrates and producing carbon, heat, and steam.

Similarly, mixing starch into concentrated sulfuric acid will give elemental carbon and water as absorbed by the sulfuric acid (which becomes slightly diluted).

As saltpeter decomposes, it oxidizes the sulfur to SO3, which combines with water to produce sulfuric acid.

Occurrence | Extraterrestrial sulfuric acid

The permanent Venusian clouds produce a concentrated acid rain, as the clouds in the atmosphere of Earth produce water rain.

In the first step, sulfur is burned to produce sulfur dioxide:  S + O2 → SO2or, alternatively,

When sulfur-containing fuels such as coal or oil are burned, sulfur dioxide is the main byproduct (besides the chief products carbon oxides and water).

Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid

Some common concentrations are: "Chamber acid" and "tower acid" were the two concentrations of sulfuric acid produced by the lead chamber process, chamber acid being the acid produced in the lead chamber itself (<70% to avoid contamination with nitrosylsulfuric acid) and tower acid

The effect of this can be seen when concentrated sulfuric acid is spilled on paper which is composed of cellulose; the cellulose reacts to give a burnt appearance, the carbon appears much as soot would in a fire.

Sulfuric acid is produced from sulfur, carbon and water.


He spent over 48 years in baseball, culminating with 14 years as president of the American League (AL).

Joe Cronin was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame (with Hank Greenberg) in 1956.

Baseball promoter Joe Engel, who scouted for the Senators and managed the Chattanooga Lookouts at Engel Stadium, originally signed Cronin.

Major league career | As a general manager

The Red Sox did not break the baseball color line until six months after Cronin's departure for the AL presidency, when they promoted Pumpsie Green, a utility infielder, from their Triple-A affiliate, the Minneapolis Millers, in July 1959.

"In 1999, he was named to the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

Major league career | As a player-manager and manager

Cronin was named player-manager of the Senators in 1933, a post he would hold for two years.

A seven-time All-Star, Cronin became the first AL player to become an All-Star with two teams; he was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1956.

'"In 1930, Cronin had a breakout year, batting .346 with 13 home runs and 126 RBI.

Joseph Edward Cronin (October 12, 1906 – September 7, 1984) was a Major League Baseball (MLB) shortstop, manager and general manager.

Red Sox owner Tom Yawkey also offered Cronin a five-year contract as player-manager.

Joe Cronin was affiliated with baseball for almost 50 years.