Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899–1902)

Suffering also from tuberculosis and depression, Zinaida committed suicide in 1933.

They had two daughters, Zinaida (1901 – 5 January 1933) and Nina (1902 – 9 June 1928), both born in Siberia.

Both daughters married, and Zinaida had children, but the daughters died before their parents.

Russian Revolution and aftermath | Fate of Left Oppositionists after Trotsky's exile (1929–1941)

However, Rakovsky was cited in allegations involving the killing of Sergey Kirov, and was arrested and imprisoned in late 1937, during the Great Purge.

Aleksandra later escaped from Siberia with their daughters.

The blow to his head was bungled and failed to kill Trotsky instantly.

Trotsky's house in Coyoacán has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov.

Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902–1903)

Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein.

Zinaida Volkova followed her father into exile in Berlin, taking her son by her second marriage but leaving behind a daughter in Russia.

The raid was largely thwarted by Knudsen's daughter, Hjørdis, although the burglars did take a few papers from the nearest table as they left.

The foundation "International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further.

Also among the Medvedev Forest victims was Trotsky's sister/

Leon Trotsky's daughter killed herself.


In Search of Lost Time (French: À la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871–1922).

Remembrance of Things Past, Part One: Combray; Part Two: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 1; Part Three: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 2; and Part Four: Un amour de Swann, vol.

Remembrance of Things Past, by Harold Pinter and Di Trevis, based on Pinter's The Proust Screenplay.

Publication in English | English-language translations in print

The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981).

ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7).

the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language.

ISBN 0-394-71243-9 (Published in three volumes: Swann's Way—Within a Budding Grove; The Guermantes Way—Cities of the Plain; The Captive—The Fugitive—Time Regained.)Terence Kilmartin compiled an index/concordance to the novel which was published in 1983 as the Reader's Guide to the Remembrance of Things Past.

It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992.

Inside, while waiting in the library, he discerns their meaning: by putting him in contact with both the past and present, the impressions allow him to gain a vantage point outside time, affording a glimpse of the true nature of things.

The last part of the conversation draws a crowd of suspicious onlookers.

Remembrance of Things Past has eight parts.


This puts him in the 99th percentile of height for his period, given that average male height of his time was 1.69 metres (5 ft 7 in).

In 1861, Charlemagne's tomb was opened by scientists who reconstructed his skeleton and estimated it to be measured 1.95 metres (6 ft 5 in).

Administration | Political reforms | Divisio regnorum

The imperial title was not mentioned, which led to the suggestion that, at that particular time, Charlemagne regarded the title as an honorary achievement that held no hereditary significance.

This writes the view of Pirenne when he says "Charles was the Emperor of the ecclesia as the Pope conceived it, of the Roman Church, regarded as the universal Church".

Charlemagne was a model knight as one of the Nine Worthies who enjoyed an important legacy in European culture.

Charlemagne accepted their surrender and sent one native chief, baptised Abraham, back to Avaria with the ancient title of khagan.

Towards the end, he dragged one leg.

Nonetheless, the Pope took the extraordinary step of creating one.

"With Charlemagne's coronation, therefore, "the Roman Empire remained, so far as either of them [Charlemagne and Leo] were concerned, one and indivisible, with Charles as its Emperor", though there can have been "little doubt that the coronation, with all that it implied, would be furiously contested in Constantinople".

The office was treated as joint property: one Mayorship held by two brothers jointly.

Wives, concubines, and children | Children

At least one of them, Bertha, had a recognised relationship, if not a marriage, with Angilbert, a member of Charlemagne's court circle.

One of the great medieval literary cycles, the Charlemagne cycle or the Matter of France, centres on his deeds—the Emperor with the Flowing Beard of Roland fame—and his historical commander of the border with Brittany, Roland, and the 12 paladins.

Charlemagne was the one percent in regards to proportions.


Pinterest is an American image sharing and social media service designed to enable saving and discovery of information (specifically "ideas") on the World Wide Web using images and, on a smaller scale, GIFs and videos, in the form of pinboards.

In Alex Heath's article on Business Insider, he sheds a light to Pinterest's interest in becoming a search company, hence, "the company is putting search front and center in its app with [Pinterest Lens]".

At the 2012 Webby Awards, Pinterest won Best Social Media App and People's Voice Award for best functioning visual design.

In February 2013, Reuters and ComScore stated that Pinterest had 48.7 million users globally, and a study released in July 2013 by French social media agency

Features and content | Exploring | Visual search

In 2017, Pinterest introduced a "visual search" function that allows users to search for elements in images (existing pins, existing parts of a photo, or new photos) and guide users to suggested similar content within Pinterest's database.

Co-founder Paul Sciarra left his position at Pinterest in April 2012 for a consulting job as entrepreneur in residence at Andreessen Horowitz.

The Instapaper team will both work on the core Pinterest experience and updating Instapaper.

Although starting out as a "social network" with boards, in later years the company has put increasing emphasis in visual search and e-commerce, such as shopping catalogs.

Promoted Pins are based on an individual user's interests, things done on Pinterest, or a result of visiting an advertiser's site or app.

Content creators on sites such as iStock have expressed concern over their work being reused on Pinterest without permission.

Pinterest is a social media for people to make connections for professionals who are interested in job searches and connecting with others in certain work fields.


At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.

Albert Fred "Red" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 – June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals.

In his final two playing seasons he served as a player-coach, batting over .300 in both 1962 and 1963.In 19 seasons as a player, Schoendienst compiled a .289 batting average with 84 home runs, 773 RBI,

Minor leagues and military service (1942–1944)

This strong start earned him a promotion to the double-A International League's (IL) Rochester Red Wings, where he batted .337 in 136 games with 21 doubles, six home runs (HR) and 20 stolen bases (SB).

Coaching and managerial career (1964–2018)

He remained an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager.

There are no living players who played on an earlier World Series-winning team.

The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.

His .337 average was the league's best; he won the IL's Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award and gained visibility as a top prospect.

It was the first All-Star game to go to extra innings.

Schoendienst, Red; Rains, Bob (1998).

Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982.

Red Schoendienst player 2nd base as a professional MLB player and was in MLB for seventy six straight seasons.


It was the beginning of a steady shift in the duo's style from pop rock to 80's hard rock.

Compared to other two big Japanese rock bands, Mr. Children and Glay, while the sound of the first can be described as "soft", the other two are "fast and rocking".

The band experimented with its style, "going from dance-rock to hard rock to blues to J-pop and back" according to AllMusic.

In the review of their best-selling album B'z The Best "Ultra Pleasure", Adam Greenberg of AllMusic notes that they "had some criticism as being more of a pop band with a rock tinge than a full-fledged rock band", but throughout their career they show strong rock elements including "'80s-styled extended electric guitar solo" and "blues-based rock" with various Western rock influences combined with their distinctive style.

Matsumoto's guitar skills have been praised to suits the "top guitar master in Asia", with "fretboard histrionics" and "great sense of riff".

It is considered that Matsumoto's guitar style has been influenced by the hard rock sound of Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, while Inaba who was interested in rock music since elementary school also listened to Queen, Loudness, Aerosmith and others.

It has also been described as a "ultra-commercial blend of hard rock, blues, and synthesizer pop".

History | Transitioning into hard rock (1991–1992)

28 October marked the release of their sixth album, Run, and proved to be even more hard rock oriented than the previous.

On Magic (2009), for example, they have combined "happy-go-lucky moods and hard rock aesthetics", but instead to sound like Western glam metal

Marty Friedman compared them to Aerosmith, but stated to prefer more B'z because of Inaba's type of voice and high vocal technique, and Matsumoto's personality while playing the guitar solo.

The band B'z was all hard rock, and his guitar style is an alternative one unknown to Asia.


Franz Anton gave Carl Maria a comprehensive education, which was however interrupted by the family's frequent moves.

In April 1779 Franz Anton had been appointed director of the prince-bishopric orchestra Eutin which, however, was dissolved 1781 because of spending caps.

Life and career | Early career 1804–1810

His ambitious and dedicated work as director of the orchestra was acknowledged though his tempi were frequently criticized as too fast.

He changed to the position of Eutin's municipal music director.

Weber was born in Eutin, Bishopric of Lübeck, the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber and his second wife, Genovefa Weber, a Viennese singer.

Life and career | Later career 1810–1826

Weber's unfinished opera Die drei Pintos (The Three Pintos) was originally given by his widow to Giacomo Meyerbeer for completion; it was eventually completed by Gustav Mahler, who conducted the first performance in Leipzig on 20 January 1888.

for soprano and orchestra, Op. 50

Vogler recommended his 17-year-old pupil Carl Maria to the post of Director at the Breslau Opera in 1804, who was offered and accepted the mission.

In seiner Ordnung schafft der Herr for soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op. 36

, J. 154 (1812) Cantata Kampf und Sieg for soloists, chorus and orchestra, Op.

J. 50 (1806–7) Symphony No. 2 in C. J. 51 (1807) Cantata Der erste Ton for chorus and orchestra,

Carl Maria von Weber was given lessons by the Eutin orchestra director.


Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [euˈdʒɛːnjo maˈriːa dʒuˈzɛppe dʒoˈvanni paˈtʃɛlli]; 2 March 1876 – 9 October 1958), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March 1939 to 1958 when he died.

Later life, illness and death | Late years of Pope Pius XII

"Pius XII often elevated young priests as bishops, such as Julius Döpfner (35 years) and Karol Wojtyla (later Pope John Paul II, 38 years), one of his last appointees in 1958.

Side-effects of the treatment included hallucinations, from which the Pope suffered in his last years.

He found it increasingly difficult to chastise subordinates and appointees such as his physician, Riccardo Galeazzi-Lisi, who after numerous indiscretions was excluded from Papal service for the last years, but, keeping his title, was able to enter the papal apartments to make photos of the dying Pope, which he sold to French magazines.

On 19 September 2008, Pope Benedict XVI held a reception for conference participants during which he praised Pius XII as a pope who made every effort to save Jews during the war.

"These years were also plagued by horrific nightmares.

Views, interpretations and scholarship | Hitler's Pope and The Myth of Hitler's Pope

Five years after the publication of Hitler's Pope, Cornwell stated: "I would now argue, in the light of the debates and evidence following Hitler's Pope, that Pius XII had so little scope of action that it is impossible to judge the motives for his silence during the war, while Rome was under the heel of Mussolini and later occupied by Germany".

A long illness in late 1954 caused the Pope to consider abdication.

The Pope avoided long ceremonies, canonizations and consistories and displayed hesitancy in personnel matters.

A number of other scholars replied with favourable accounts of Pius XII, including Margherita Marchione's Yours Is a Precious Witness: Memoirs of Jews and Catholics in Wartime Italy (1997), Pope Pius XII: Architect for Peace (2000) and Consensus and Controversy: Defending Pope Pius XII (2002); Pierre Blet's Pius XII and the Second World War, According to the Archives of the Vatican (1999); and Ronald J. Rychlak's Hitler, the War and the Pope (2000).

In specific riposte to Cornwell's criticism, American Rabbi and historian David Dalin published The Myth of Hitler's Pope: How Pope Pius XII Rescued Jews from the Nazis in 2005.

Pope Pius XII served as a pope for 19 years.


Æthelred II (Old English: Æþelræd, pronounced [æðelræːd]; c. 966 – 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death.

His epithet does not derive from the modern word "unready", but rather from the Old English unræd meaning "poorly advised"; it is a pun on his name, which means "well advised".

The element ræd in unræd is the same element in Æthelred's name that means "counsel".

Æthelred's first name, composed of the elements æðele, "noble", and ræd, "counsel, advice", is typical of the compound names of those who belonged to the royal House of Wessex, and it characteristically alliterates with the names of his ancestors, like Æthelwulf ("noble-wolf"), Ælfred ("elf-counsel"), Eadweard ("rich-protection"), and Eadgar ("rich-spear").Æthelred's notorious nickname, Old English Unræd, is commonly translated into present-day English as "The Unready" (less often, though less inaccurately, as "The Redeless").

Because the nickname was first recorded in the 1180s, more than 150 years after Æthelred's death, it is doubtful that it carries any implications as to the reputation of the king in the eyes of his contemporaries or near contemporaries.

The Anglo-Saxon noun unræd means "evil counsel", "bad plan", or "folly".

It was most often used in reference to decisions and deeds, but once in reference to the ill-advised disobedience of Adam and Eve.

Thus Æþelræd Unræd is an oxymoron: "Noble counsel, No counsel".

The nickname has also been translated as "ill-advised", "ill-prepared", thus "Æthelred the ill-advised".

Eustace II, Count of Boulogne)All of Æthelred's sons were named after predecessors of Æthelred on the throne.

Æthelred has been credited with the formation of a local investigative body made up of twelve thegns who were charged with publishing the names of any notorious or wicked men in their respective districts.

AEthelred the Unready's name was a pun and was King of France.


Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE.

Alcohol distillation was known to Islamic chemists as early as the eighth century.

" By extension, the word came to refer to any fluid obtained by distillation, including "alcohol of wine," the distilled essence of wine.

HOC8H17  + Al(OH)3The process generates a range of alcohols that are separated by distillation.

The Arab chemist, al-Kindi, unambiguously described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as "The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations".

The meaning of alcohol was extended to distilled substances in general, and then narrowed to ethanol, when "spirits" was a synonym for hard liquor.

" The word's meaning became restricted to "spirit of wine" (the chemical known today as ethanol) in the 18th century and was extended to the class of substances

The direct hydration using ethylene (ethylene hydration) or other alkenes from cracking of fractions of distilled crude oil.

The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages.

In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word "alcohol", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol.

Alcohol has been distilled since the 19th century BCE.


Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood

He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy.

Life and career | Early life | 1762–73: Travel

While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719–1787) and Anna Maria, née Pertl (1720–1778), at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Style

In London as a child, he met J. C. Bach and heard his music.

He had a startling fondness for scatological humour, which is preserved in his surviving letters, notably those written to his cousin Maria Anna Thekla Mozart around 1777–1778, and in his correspondence with his sister and parents.

He generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart" as an adult, but his name had many variants.

When he was eight years old, Mozart wrote his first symphony, most of which was probably transcribed by his father.

There is some scholarly debate about whether Mozart was four or five years old when he created his first musical compositions, though there is little doubt that Mozart composed his first three pieces of music within a few weeks of each other: K. 1a, 1b, and 1c.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence

Mozart's most famous pupil, whom the Mozarts took into their Vienna home for two years as a child, was probably Johann Nepomuk Hummel, a transitional figure between the Classical and Romantic eras.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Köchel catalogue

The first edition of the catalogue was completed in 1862 by Ludwig von Köchel.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was the first child from his parents.


It received six nominations at the 91st Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Director (Lee's first directing nomination), and Best Supporting Actor for Driver, and won for Best Adapted Screenplay, making it Lee's first competitive Academy Award.

BlacKkKlansman was nominated for six Academy Awards and won Best Adapted Screenplay.

The film was also nominated for four Critics Choice Awards, including Best Picture,  seven Satellite Awards, including Best Director for Lee, and is nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for Driver, and three Screen Actors Guild Awards, including Outstanding Male Actor for Washington.

If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough."Filmmaker

BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix.

Lee was nominated for Outstanding Feature Film by the Directors Guild of America and the producers were nominated for the Producers Guild of America Award for Best Theatrical Motion Picture.

The American Film Institute also selected it as one of the top 10 films of the 2018, and at the 76th Golden Globe Awards it earned four nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama.

In the United States and Canada, BlacKkKlansman was released alongside Slender Man and The Meg, and was projected to gross around $10 million from 1,512 theaters in its opening weekend.

BlacKkKlansman grossed $49.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $44.1 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $93.4 million, against a production budget of $15 million.

BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film directed by Spike Lee and written by Charlie Wachtel, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Willmott and Lee, based on the 2014 memoir Black Klansman by Ron Stallworth.

BlacKkKlansman did not win any awards.


Leland Stanford MacPhail Jr. (October 25, 1917 – November 8, 2012) was an American front-office executive in Major League Baseball.

MacPhail was a baseball executive for 45 years, serving as the director of player personnel for the New York Yankees, the president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, chief aide to Commissioner of Baseball William Eckert, executive vice president and general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League.

He was 95. At time of his death he was the oldest living Hall of Famer.

Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

After his retirement as AL president, MacPhail spent two final years in baseball as chairman of Major League Baseball's Player Relations Committee.

He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as the only father and son members.

Son Lee MacPhail III had begun a career in baseball and was an executive with the Reading Phillies of the Eastern League upon his untimely death at age 27 in an automobile accident on February 18, 1969.

During MacPhail's seven-year stewardship (1959–65), the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games (.547) and finishing in the league's first division four times.

In 1966, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award.

At the time of his departure for the commissioner's office in November 1965, MacPhail and his successor, Harry Dalton, were beginning negotiations with the Reds for a blockbuster trade that would bring Frank Robinson to Baltimore; Robinson would lead the Orioles to the 1966 world championship and win the American League Triple Crown and Most Valuable Player award.

American front-office executive in Major League Baseball Lee MacPhail had a career in baseball for 45 years and died at 95 which at the time made him the oldest person in the Hall of Fame.


Alexander was elected to Baseball's Hall of Fame in 1938, the third year of the Hall.

Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed "Old Pete", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher.

He was elected into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1938.

Alexander has the most career wins of any pitcher who never threw a no-hitter.

The film earned an estimated $1.7 million at the North American box office in 1952.

Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children.

During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team.

Alexander was a good fielding pitcher for his era, committing only 25 errors in 1,633 total chances for a career .985 fielding percentage.

After the 1917 season, the Phillies traded Alexander and catcher Bill Killefer to the Cubs for catcher Pickles Dillhoefer, pitcher Mike Prendergast, and $60,000.

Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just "Grover".

American baseball pitcher Grover Alexander was inducted into the 1938 Hall of Fame.


Gaelic football is the most popular sport in Ireland in terms of match attendance and community involvement, with about 2,600 clubs on the island.

In 2003 it represented 34% of total sports attendances at events in Ireland and abroad, followed by hurling at 23%, soccer at 16% and rugby at 8%.

Soccer is the most widely played team game on the island and the most popular in Northern Ireland.

Gaelic football, hurling and handball are the best-known of the Irish traditional sports, collectively known as Gaelic games.

He successfully defended his title in July 2008 before going on to win the PGA Championship in August.

Gaelic games are governed by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA), with the exception of ladies' Gaelic football and camogie (women's variant of hurling), which are governed by separate organisations.

Across Ireland, there is significant interest in the English and, to a lesser extent, Scottish soccer leagues.

Alongside mainstream Western culture, a strong indigenous culture exists, as expressed through Gaelic games, Irish music and the Irish language.

The Irish Football Association (IFA) was originally the governing body for soccer across the island.

During the redevelopment of the Lansdowne Road stadium in 2007–2010, international rugby and soccer were played there.

Paddy Barnes secured bronze in those games and gold in the 2010 European Amateur Boxing Championships (where Ireland came 2nd in the overall medal table) and 2010 Commonwealth Games.

In 2008 Kenneth Egan won a silver medal in the Beijing Games.

A full third of people that go to watch games in Ireland go to special Gaelic soccer games, which are apparently different than normal soccer.


It is an adaptation of Dick King-Smith's 1983 novel The Sheep-Pig, also known as Babe: The Gallant Pig in the US, which tells the story of a pig raised as livestock who wants to do the work of a sheepdog.

48 different pigs were used for the part of Babe.

Babe is a 1995 comedy-drama film directed by Chris Noonan, produced by George Miller, written by both, narrated by Roscoe Lee Browne, and starring James Cromwell and Magda Szubanski with the voices of Christine Cavanaugh, Miriam Margolyes, Hugo Weaving, and Danny Mann.

As Hoggett is criticized by the bemused judges and ridiculed by the public for using a pig instead of a dog, Rex runs back to the farm to ask the sheep what to do.

In 1998, a sequel directed by Miller, Babe: Pig in the City, was released.

When she is let back in later, she gets revenge on Babe by revealing that humans eat pigs.

Classical orchestral music by 19th-century French composers is used throughout the film, but is disguised in a variety of ways and often integrated by Westlake into his score.

, Babe was initially banned from Malaysia in order to avoid upsetting or annoying Muslims (who view pigs as haram).

After seven years of development, Babe was filmed in Robertson, New South Wales, Australia.

In 2006, the American Film Institute named Babe #80 on its list of America's Most Inspiring Movies.

The 1995 film Babe is the tale of a pig that talks and 48 pigs were used in the filming of the drama.


Roger Brooke Taney (; March 17, 1777 – October 12, 1864) was the fifth Chief Justice of the United States, holding that office from 1836 until his death in 1864.

Jackson administration | Supreme Court nominations

In July 1835, Jackson nominated Taney to succeed Chief Justice John Marshall, who had died earlier in 1835.

Legacy | De-Memorialization due to Taney's role in Dred Scott

In 1993, the Roger B. Taney Middle School in Temple Hills, Maryland was renamed for Justice Thurgood Marshall, the Supreme Court's first African American justice,.

In 1835, after Democrats took control of the Senate, Jackson appointed Taney to succeed John Marshall on the Supreme Court as Chief Justice.

The Democrats picked up seats in the 1834 and 1835 Senate elections, giving the party a stronger presence in the chamber.

The following morning, the clerk of the Supreme Court announced that "the great and good Chief Justice is no more." He served as chief justice for 28 years, 198 days, the second longest tenure of any chief justice, and was the oldest ever serving Chief Justice in United States history.

Several places and things have been named for Taney, including Taney County, Missouri, the USCGC Taney (WPG-37) (although the ship was later renamed during Taney's de-memorialization), and the Liberty ship SS Roger B. Taney.

Despite Taney's earlier rejection by the Senate, in January 1835 Jackson nominated Taney to fill the seat of retiring Supreme Court Associate Justice Gabriel Duvall.

" Taney's mixed legacy was noted by Justice Antonin Scalia in his dissenting opinion in Planned Parenthood v. Casey:  There comes vividly to mind a portrait by Emanuel Leutze that hangs in the Harvard Law School: Roger Brooke Taney, painted in 1859, the 82nd year of his life, the 24th of his Chief Justiceship, the second after his opinion in Dred Scott.

The reputation of Chief Justice Taney can afford to have anything known that he ever did and still leave a great fund of honor and praise to illustrate his name.

Roger B. Taney was the fourth Chief Justice of England's Parliament that was elected in 1835.


In 1972, Ron Stallworth is hired as the first black officer in the Colorado Springs Police Department.

Set in the 1970s in Colorado Springs, the plot follows the first African-American detective in the city's police department as he sets out to infiltrate and expose the local Ku Klux Klan chapter.

Duke visits Colorado Springs for Stallworth's induction into the Klan.

Don't sleep on this movie". In his review of the film for Vulture, David Edelstein found the film to be a potent antidote for previous films which Lee sees as unduly supportive of the racist viewpoint in the past, such as Griffith's The Birth of a Nation.

Although based on a true story, the film dramatizes several events: The investigation occurred between 1978 and 1979, although the film is set in 1972 (and David Duke did not become Grand Wizard until 1974).

After reading about a local division of the Ku Klux Klan in the newspaper, he calls posing as white and speaks with Walter Breachway, the president of the Colorado Springs, Colorado chapter, but soon realizes not only did he use his real name, but he also has to go and meet the Klan members.

The American Film Institute also selected it as one of the top 10 films of the 2018, and at the 76th Golden Globe Awards it earned four nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama.

Stallworth did work security, meet, and take a photo with Duke when he visited Colorado, although it was a much more intimate gathering than the large ceremony depicted in the film, and his partner's cover was never blown.

If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough."Filmmaker

Ossining, New York was one location used in October.

The movie was filmed on site in Colorado Springs where the film is set.


After removing all political opposition through his secret police and outlawing labor strikes, Mussolini and his followers consolidated their power through a series of laws that transformed the nation into a one-party dictatorship.

Within five years, Mussolini had established dictatorial authority by both legal and illegal means and aspired to create a totalitarian state.

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [beˈniːto mussoˈliːni]; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party.

Given his father's political leanings, Mussolini was named Benito after liberal Mexican president Benito Juárez, while his middle names, Andrea and Amilcare, were for Italian socialists Andrea Costa and Amilcare Cipriani.

Fascist Italy | Propaganda and cult of personality

He would later form the OVRA, an institutionalized secret police that carried official state support.

The Grand Council had been created five years earlier as a party body but was "constitutionalized" and became the highest constitutional authority in the state.

Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party

This help was authorized by Sir Samuel Hoare.

Early life | Expulsion from the Italian Socialist Party

In October 1914, finding himself in opposition to the directorate of the Italian Socialist party because he advocated a kind of active neutrality on the part of Italy in the War of the Nations against the party's tendency of absolute neutrality, he withdrew on the twentieth of that month from the directorate of Avanti!

The Fascisti grew rapidly; within two years they transformed themselves into the National Fascist Party at a congress in Rome.

In the telegram, Mussolini wrote to Mori:Your Excellency has carte blanche; the authority of the State must absolutely, I repeat absolutely, be re-established in Sicily.

In the meantime, from about 1911 until 1938, Mussolini had various affairs with the Jewish author and academic Margherita Sarfatti, called the "Jewish Mother of Fascism" at the time.

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, an Italian leader of the National Fascist Party, consolidated his authority by eliminating his opposition with secret police with legitimate and illegitimate avenues.


Strepsiades complains to the audience that he is too worried about household debts to get any sleep – his wife (the pampered product of an aristocratic clan) has encouraged their son's expensive interest in horses.

The play begins with Strepsiades suddenly sitting up in bed while his son, Pheidippides, remains blissfully asleep in the bed next to him.

A typical Aristophanic Chorus, even if it starts out as hostile to the protagonist, is the protagonist's cheer squad by the end of the play.

Parodos: The arrival of the Chorus in this play is unusual in that the singing begins offstage some time before the Chorus appears.

Aristophanes does not use eupolideans in any other of his extant plays.

The Clouds (Ancient Greek: Νεφέλαι Nephelai) is a Greek comedy play written by the playwright Aristophanes.

Aristophanes however had singled Cleon out for special treatment in his previous play The Knights in 424 and there are relatively few references to him in The Clouds.

The philosopher descends and quickly begins the induction ceremony for the new elderly student, the highlight of which is a parade of the Clouds, the patron goddesses of thinkers and other layabouts.

The Clouds represents a departure from the main themes of Aristophanes' early plays – Athenian politics, the Peloponnesian War and the need for peace with Sparta.

Cleon, the populist leader of the pro-war faction in Athens, was a target in all Aristophanes' early plays and his attempts to prosecute Aristophanes for slander in 426 had merely added fuel to the fire.

At the beginning of the play The Clouds by Aristophanes, the dad and kid are sleeping when the dad bolts upright and starts to talk.


" The movie, with great pain and in detail, explains how Arthur Fleck turns into Joker dejected by the way the world treats him.

Before the show goes live, Arthur requests that Murray introduce him as Joker, a reference to Murray's previous mockery.

Director Todd Phillips said that he intentionally left it ambiguous as to whether Arthur becomes the actual Joker as seen in traditional Batman stories or inspires a separate character, although Phoenix believes that Arthur is the former.

Randall lies that Arthur bought the gun himself, and Arthur is fired.

Stephen Kent, writing for The Washington Examiner, described Arthur Fleck as blending shared aspects of mass shooters, and interpreted its message as a reminder that society is riddled with men like the Joker.

The following day, Arthur kills Penny at the hospital.

In denial, Arthur visits Arkham State Hospital and steals Penny's case file; the file says Penny adopted Arthur as a baby and allowed her abusive boyfriend to harm them both.

Distraught, Arthur returns home and enters Sophie's apartment unannounced.

As he prepares, Arthur is visited by Randall and fellow ex-colleague Gary.

At Arkham, Arthur laughs to himself about a joke and tells his psychiatrist she would not understand it.

The Joker is about Arthur Feck transformation.


Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, albeit Sweden has since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO.

As in the First World War, Sweden remained officially neutral during World War II, although its neutrality during World War II has been disputed.

Nevertheless, both Swedes and others have argued that Sweden could have done more to oppose the Nazis' war efforts, even if it meant increasing the risk of occupation.

During World War II Sweden joined neither the allied nor axis powers.

Sweden was officially a neutral country and remained outside NATO and Warsaw Pact membership during the Cold War, but privately Sweden's leadership had strong ties with the United States and other western governments.

Sweden also supplied steel and machined parts to Germany throughout the war.

The Swedish government unofficially supported Finland in the Winter War and the Continuation War by allowing volunteers and materiel to be shipped to Finland.

Sweden was officially neutral during World War I, although, under German pressure, they did take steps which were detrimental to the Allied powers including mining the Øresund channel, thus closing it to Allied shipping, and allowing the Germans to use Swedish facilities and the Swedish cipher to transmit secret messages to their overseas embassies.

Sweden was under German influence for much of the war, as ties to the rest of the world were cut off through blockades.

Until the end of the Cold War, nearly all males reaching the age of military service were conscripted.

Although Sweden joined the Cold War despite staying out of other previous wars in the 20th century.


In early 1928, Jennings died from meningitis in Scranton, Pennsylvania at age 58.Jennings was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945 as a player.

While driving a car given to him by admirers, Jennings' car overturned while crossing a bridge over the Lehigh River near Gouldsboro, 23 miles (37 km) southeast of Scranton.

Jennings' life was filled with several tragic accidents.

For several days after the accident, doctors were unsure if Jennings would survive.

During one game, Jennings was hit in the head by a pitch from Amos Rusie in the 3rd inning, but managed to finish the game.

He died in 1928 and was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1945.

In December 1911, Jennings came close to death after an off-season automobile accident.

Jennings retired to the Winyah Sanatorium in Asheville, North Carolina.

During the 1925 season, McGraw was ill, and Jennings was put in full charge of the Giants.

According to his obituary, Jennings "was unable to report" to spring training in 1926 due to his condition.

Jennings died in a car accident.


He played for 19 seasons on four major league teams from 1938–1942 and 1946–1959.

Slaughter was a fixture at statue dedications at Busch Stadium II for other Cardinal Hall of Famers during the last years of his life.

Slaughter retired from major league baseball in 1959.

Slaughter coached baseball for Duke University from 1971 to 1977.Enos Slaughter is a cousin of Henry Slaughter, southern gospel musician.

Slaughter was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1985.His jersey number 9 was retired by the Cardinals on September 6, 1996.

Slaughter played 19 seasons with the Cardinals, Yankees, Kansas City Athletics, and Milwaukee Braves.

Enos Bradsher Slaughter (April 27, 1916 – August 12, 2002), nicknamed "Country", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder.

he went on a baseball field. In 1937, he had 245 hits and 147 runs scored for Columbus.

A ten time All-Star, he has been elected to both the National Baseball Hall of Fame and St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame.

Slaughter denied that he had any animosity towards Robinson, claiming that such allegations had been made against him because he was "a Southern boy", and that the injury suffered by Robinson had been typical of Slaughter's rough playing style.

Slaughter played professional baseball for 17 years.


Welch's earliest professional baseball engagement was in Poughkeepsie, New York, as an outfielder-pitcher for the Volunteers baseball club in 1877, and in the following year he would briefly play for a club in Auburn before joining the Holyoke Shamrocks of the National Association.

After the Trojans disbanded after the 1882 season, the New York Gothams replaced them, taking many of the Troy players, including Welch.

Welch was born in Brooklyn, New York, and played 13 seasons in the major leagues, three with the Troy Trojans, and 10 with the New York Gothams/Giants.

Welch spent summers in New York.

The new eight-team league became known as the Players' League.

In a 1911 book on baseball history, Welch was described as the owner of a hotel in Troy, New York.

With Welch and Keefe still on the same club, the 1891 New York Giants had two 300-game winners.

Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh.

In the third inning of that game, a third strike was dropped by New York catcher Bill Loughran.

He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens, New York, under his birth name of Walsh.

The first team Welch played for was the New York Gothams.


An outfielder, Kiner played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Cleveland Indians from 1946 through 1955.

Following his retirement, Kiner served from 1956 through 1960 as general manager of the Pacific Coast League San Diego Padres.

Ralph McPherran Kiner (October 27, 1922 – February 6, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball player and broadcaster.

Kiner was also the only player voted in that year.

Kiner served as a United States Navy pilot during World War II.

On June 4, 1953, Kiner was sent to the Chicago Cubs as part of a ten-player trade.

It made Kiner the first National League player with two 50 plus home run seasons.

He also served as an announcer for the New York Mets from the team's inception until his death.

He even once called himself "Ralph Korner".

Kiner was elected to the New York Mets Hall of Fame in 1984.The Pittsburgh Pirates retired his uniform number 4 on September 19, 1987.The Sporting News placed him at number 90 on its 1999 list of "The 100 Greatest Baseball Players, and he was one of the 100 finalists for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team that year.

Kiner was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975.

Ralph Kiner was an MLB player served in WWII which interrupted his baseball career.


Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | The Path to Liberation

In the Potaliya Sutta (MN 54) sensual pleasures are said by the Buddha to be a cause of conflict for all humans beings.

By the 12th century, al-Shahrastani even compared Buddha to Khidr, described as an ideal human.

Physical characteristics | In early sources

Early sources depict the Buddha's as similar to other Buddhist monks.

Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Socio-political teachings

The Buddha then goes on to promote a similar kind of republican style of government among the Buddhist Sangha, where all monks had equal rights to attend open meetings and there would be no single leader, since The Buddha also chose not to appoint one.

Teachings | Teachings preserved in the Early Buddhist Texts | Critique of Brahmanism

In the Vasettha sutta the Buddha argues that the main difference among humans is not birth but their actions and occupations.

Biography | First sermon and formation of the saṅgha

Various sources such as the Mahāvastu, the Mahākhandhaka of the Theravāda Vinaya and the Catusparisat-sūtra also mention that the Buddha taught them his second discourse, about the characteristic of "not-self" (Anātmalakṣaṇa Sūtra), at this time or five days later.

Traditional biographies | Biographical sources

The sources which present a full and complete picture of the life of Siddhārtha Gautama are a variety of different, and sometimes conflicting, traditional biographies.

The early texts depict the Buddha as giving a deflationary account of the importance of politics to human life.

Accordingly, some regarded him as the divine incarnate, others as an apostle of the angels or as an Ifrit and others as an apostle of God sent to human race.

Ibn Nadim, who was also familiar with Manichean teachings, even identifies Buddha as a prophet, who taught a religion to "banish Satan", although not mention it explicitly.

Buddha taught that sex was the single source of all human unpleasantness.


Connor died on January 4, 1931, following a lengthy stomach illness.

The weather vane served as a well-known landmark in Waterbury even after the couple moved away.

The team had been dropped from the Eastern League and had suffered financial losses related to traveling as far away as Canada for games.

MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)

National League teams rescheduled many of their games to conflict with PL games in the same cities, and a high number of PL games were cancelled late in the season due to rainouts.

MLB playing career | Early years (1880–1889)

Connor committed 60 errors in 83 games and sustained a shoulder injury, prompting a position change to first baseman for 1881.He later played for the New York Gothams, and, due to his great stature, gave that team the enduring nickname "Giants".

He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor.

Connor was born in Waterbury, Connecticut.

Connor experimented with some changes to his batting style that year.

Connor attracted some attention by wearing eyeglasses on the field.

Connor was inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976.

Though Connor had success in his season with the PL, the league struggled.

Connor passed away due to gut issues


The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs.

It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz.

In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsäcker said: "The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed." On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall.

One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs.

The Brandenburg Gate (German: Brandenburger Tor; [ˈbʁandn̩bʊɐ̯gɐ ˈtoːɐ̯]) is an 18th-century neoclassical monument in Berlin, built on the orders of Prussian king Frederick William II after the temporary restoration of order during the Batavian Revolution.

Brandenburg Gate became the main venue for the 20th-anniversary celebrations of the fall of the Berlin Wall or "Festival of Freedom" on the evening of 9 November 2009.

On 25 December 1989, less than two months after the Berlin Wall began to come down, the conductor Leonard Bernstein conducted the Berlin Philharmonic in a version of the Ninth Symphony of Beethoven at the then newly opened Brandenburg Gate.

The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history.

On 9 November 2009, Chancellor Angela Merkel, walked through Brandenburg Gate with Russia's Mikhail Gorbachev and Poland's Lech Wałęsa as part of the 20-year celebration of tearing down the Berlin Wall.

Brandenburg is an gated entrance to Uber Den Lidun where Hitler entered Berlin.


Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding.

Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school.

Popular in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school, behind George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations.

Author Stephen King uses the name Castle Rock, from the mountain fort in Lord of the Flies, as a fictional town that has appeared in a number of his novels.

Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel.

The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).King wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911.

Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies.

A turning point occurred when E. M. Forster chose Lord of the Flies as his “outstanding novel of the year.”

On 5 November 2019, BBC News listed Lord of the Flies on its list of the 100 most influential novels.

In October 2014 it was announced that the 2011 production of Lord of the Flies would return to conclude the 2015 season at the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre ahead of a major UK tour.

Lord of the Flies is a 1964 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding, and a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school.


It was also the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time of its opening, with a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) and a deck located 127 ft (38.7 m) above mean high water.

The Brooklyn Bridge is a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge in New York City, spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.

History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries

By 1890, due to the popularity of the Brooklyn Bridge, there were proposals to construct other bridges across the East River between Manhattan and Long Island.

The span was originally called the New York and Brooklyn Bridge or the East River Bridge but was officially renamed the Brooklyn Bridge in 1915.

Since the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the only bridge across the East River at that time, it was also called the East River Bridge.

Until the construction of the nearby Williamsburg Bridge in 1903, the New York and Brooklyn Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world,  one and a half times longer than any built previously.

The first new bridge across the East River, the Williamsburg Bridge, opened upstream in 1903 and connected Williamsburg, Brooklyn, with the Lower East Side of Manhattan.

The side spans, between each suspension tower and each side's suspension anchorages, are 930 feet (280 m) long.

The main span between the two suspension towers is 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) long and 85 feet (26 m) wide.

This was followed by the Queensboro Bridge between Queens and Manhattan in March 1909, and the Manhattan Bridge between Brooklyn and Manhattan in December 1909.

The Brooklyn Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the world spanning the East River between the boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn.


He had changed the spelling of his last name from "Klimm" to "Klem" because he thought it had a better sound.

In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires.

In 1946 Klem and Connolly had also been named to the Honor Rolls of Baseball.

Klem despised the latter name, and was notorious for ejecting players whom he caught using it.

Klem's wife was named Marie. She often traveled with him to games that he worked.

O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, "Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one.

That year, Klem had a run-in with league secretary and team manager Jim O'Rourke after Klem ejected one of the manager's players.

At that time, Klem was appointed the NL's chief of umpires.

Klem was posthumously inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1953.

It was difficult to challenge Klem at the time because so many years had passed.

Bill Klem altered his name from Clemm.


Physical characteristics | Chemical composition

It is composed mostly of iron (32.1%), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulphur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements.

The lack of vegetation will result in the loss of oxygen in the atmosphere, making animal life impossible.

The tiny near-Earth asteroid 2006 RH120 makes close approaches to the Earth–

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Weather and climate

The highest air temperature ever measured on Earth was 56.7 °C (134.1 °F) in Furnace Creek, California, in Death Valley, in 1913.

Cartography, the study and practice of map-making, and geography, the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena on Earth, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting Earth.

Physical characteristics | Atmosphere | Upper atmosphere

Photosynthesis provided a source of free oxygen, but the loss of reducing agents such as hydrogen is thought to have been a necessary precondition for the widespread accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere.

Moon plane is tilted up to ±5.1 degrees against the Earth–Sun plane.

m−2, for a global heat loss of 4.42×1013 W. A portion of the core's thermal energy is transported toward the crust by mantle plumes, a form of convection consisting of upwellings of higher-temperature rock.

The station's crew, made up of six people, is usually replaced every six months.

Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved 2.7 Gya, forming the primarily nitrogen–oxygen atmosphere of today.

Oxygen makes up the highest portion in the composition of earth.


Post-presidency | Growing criticism of Putin and foreign policy remarks: since 2008

In 2009 Gorbachev released Songs for Raisa, an album of Russian romantic ballads, sung by him and accompanied by musician Andrei Makarevich, to raise money for a charity devoted to his late wife.

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л

After Germany was defeated, Gorbachev's parents had their second son, Aleksandr, in 1947; he and Mikhail would be their only children.

Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970–1977

Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures like the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin, and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov.

His parents named him Victor, but at the insistence of his mother—a devout Orthodox Christian—he had a secret baptism, where his grandfather christened him Mikhail.

He read voraciously, moving from the Western novels of Thomas Mayne Reid to the work of Vissarion Belinsky, Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, and Mikhail Lermontov.

Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse

Gorbachev only learned of this development when Shushkevich phoned him; Gorbachev was furious.

Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978–1984

Gorbachev was enthusiastic about the appointment.

Opinions on Gorbachev are deeply divided.

Gorbachev became Andropov's closest ally in the Politburo; with Andropov's encouragement, Gorbachev sometimes chaired Politburo meetings.

Gorbachev did not want to return but when he did he excelled academically.

Mikhail Gorbachev is a singer.


The Apartment is a 1960 American romantic comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder from a screenplay he co-wrote with I. A. L. Diamond, starring Jack Lemmon and Shirley MacLaine, alongside Fred MacMurray, Ray Walston, Jack Kruschen, David Lewis, Willard Waterman, David White, Hope Holiday, and Edie Adams.

In 2006, Premiere voted this film as one of "The 50 Greatest Comedies Of All Time".

As of 2014, only two black-and-white movies have won the Academy Award for Best Picture after The Apartment did: Schindler's List (1993)  and The Artist (2011).

American Film Institute lists:  AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (#93),

At the 33rd Academy Awards, The Apartment was nominated for ten awards and won five, including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Screenplay.

In the years since its release, The Apartment has come to be regarded as one of the greatest films ever made, appearing in lists by the American Film Institute and Sight and Sound magazine.

MacMurray relates that after the film's release he was accosted by women in the street who berated him for making a "dirty filthy movie", and one of them hit him with her purse.

According to the behind-the-scenes feature on the American Beauty DVD, the film's director, Sam Mendes, had watched The Apartment (among other classic American films) as inspiration in preparation for shooting his film.

A recording by Ferrante & Teicher, released as "Theme from The Apartment", reached #10 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart later in 1960.

In 1960, the film doubled its $3 million budget at the U.S. box office.

The Apartment is a 1960 American movie and considered one of the best comedies.


Israel (; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל; Israel (; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل), formally known as the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, Medinat Yisra'el), is a country in Western Asia, located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea.

The country has a liberal democracy (one of only two in the Middle East and North Africa region, the other being Tunisia), with a parliamentary system, proportional representation, and universal suffrage.

The election of judges is carried out by a committee of two Knesset members, three Supreme Court justices, two Israeli Bar members and two ministers (one of which, Israel's justice minister, is the committee's chairman).

Government and politics | Foreign relations

Azerbaijan is one of the few majority Muslim countries to develop bilateral strategic and economic relations with Israel.

The success of the Ofeq program has made Israel one of seven countries capable of launching such satellites.

Relations between the two countries were also made stronger by former prime minister Tony Blair's efforts for a two state resolution.

History | Early years of the State of Israel

By 1966, Israeli-Arab relations had deteriorated to the point of actual battles taking place between Israeli and Arab forces.

History | Middle Ages and modern history

The country was located between the two centres of Mamluk power, Cairo and Damascus, and only saw some development along the postal road connecting the two cities.

The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously.

By 1958, the population of Israel rose to two million.

Israel has produced six Nobel Prize-winning scientists since 2004 and has been frequently ranked as one of the countries with the highest ratios of scientific papers per capita in the world.

Israel is actually two countries in one.


Through the 1990s, reference sources widely reported his death as having occurred in 1959; this seems to have resulted from Campanella's recollection in John B. Holway's 1988 book Blackball Stars that Mackey "passed away right after" the Coliseum event, an apparent error that Campanella repeated in other interviews.

Campanella later recalled: "In my opinion, Biz Mackey was the master of defense of all catchers.

James Raleigh "Biz" Mackey (July 27, 1897 – September 22, 1965) was an American catcher and manager in Negro league baseball.

He drove in the lead run in the 11th inning of the first game, which Hilldale won in 12 innings; after scoring the winning run in a 2–1 victory in Game 5, his three hits in the deciding Game 6 clinched the title.

When I went under his direction in Baltimore, I was 15 years old.

He joined the professional San Antonio Black Aces two years later.

By 1937, he was managing the Baltimore Elite Giants, where he began mentoring 15-year-old Roy Campanella in the fine points of catching.

After three years under manager C. I. Taylor, in which he hit .315, .317 and .344, he was picked up by Hilldale when the Eastern Colored League was organized in 1923.

joined the Newark Eagles in 1939, replacing Dick Lundy as manager a year later, and continued his work with young players such as Monte Irvin, Larry Doby and Don Newcombe.

I got all this from Mackey at a young age."Mackey

Biz Mackey is said to have died 6 years after he actually died.


After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969.

Goslin was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1968, along with Kiki Cuyler, by the Veterans Committee.

On July 28, 1936, Goslin hit one of the most unusual home runs in baseball history.

" In 1999, he ranked number 89 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

When he was inducted into the Hall, Goslin broke down and cried.

Goslin ranked #6 on the Sports Illustrated list of The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures.

Goslin drove the ball into the gap.

Goslin rounded the bases with an inside-the-park home run.

Goslin jumped at the opportunity and batted .158 in 38 games for the Senators in the 1938 season.

The Tigers ended up releasing Goslin after his .238 season, and Goslin later recounted (in "The Glory of Their Times") that he received a call from his old boss, Clark Griffith, asking him if he'd be interested in ending his career back where it began in Washington.

Goslin sold real estate after quitting baseball.


The Tale of Genji (源氏物語, Genji monogatari, pronounced [ɡeɲdʑi monoɡaꜜtaɾi]) is a classic work of Japanese literature written in the early 11th century by the noblewoman and lady-in-waiting Murasaki Shikibu.

The Tale of Genji may have been written chapter by chapter in installments, as Murasaki delivered the tale to aristocratic women (ladies-in-waiting).

Kornicki, P. F., "Unsuitable Books for Women? " Genji Monogatari" and "Ise Monogatari" in Late Seventeenth-Century Japan", Monumenta Nipponica, Vol.

The Tale of Genji was written in an archaic court language that was already unreadable a century after it was written.

Murasaki shikibu, The Tale of Genji.

Murasaki Shikibu's The Tale of Genji.

Lady Murasaki is said to have written the character of Genji based on the Minister on the Left at the time she was at court.

The original manuscript written by Murasaki Shikibu no longer exists.

" Lady Murasaki Shikibu's the Tale of Genji: Search for the Mother".

Puette, William J (1983). Guide to the Tale of Genji by Murasaki Shikibu.

The Tale of Genji is a book written by shaolin monks in the holy land of Murasaki.


Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

Early political career | Member of Parliament: 1959–1970 | On the frontbenches

Jim Prior suggested Thatcher as a Shadow Cabinet member after the Conservatives' 1966 defeat, but party leader Edward Heath and Chief Whip William Whitelaw eventually chose Mervyn Pike as the Conservative Shadow Cabinet's sole woman member.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Foreign affairs

Thatcher appointed Lord Carrington, a senior member of the party and former Minister of Defence, as Foreign Minister in 1979.

In 1954, Thatcher was defeated when she sought selection to be the Conservative party candidate for the Orpington by-election of January 1955.

Early political career | Member of Parliament: 1959–1970 | In the Shadow Cabinet

Although she was not yet a Shadow Cabinet member, the embassy reportedly described her to the State Department as a possible future prime minister.

At the 1966 Conservative Party conference, Thatcher criticised the high-tax policies of the Labour government as being steps "not only towards Socialism, but towards Communism", arguing that lower taxes served as an incentive to hard work.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation

Her supporters in the party viewed the result as a success, and rejected suggestions that there was discontent within the party.

She was elected Member of Parliament for Finchley in 1959.

Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975–1979

Heath was never reconciled to Thatcher's leadership of the party.

In 1975, she defeated Heath in the Conservative Party leadership election to become leader of the Opposition, the first woman to lead a major political party in the United Kingdom.

Heath's leadership of the Conservative Party looked increasingly in doubt.

Margaret Thatcher was a member of the Labor party.


The building and museum | The haunting of Hull House

Addams noted upon moving in that the building had a "half skeptical reputation for a haunted attic." Over the years, numerous stories of ghosts and hauntings have surrounded Hull House, making it a stop on many of the "ghosts in Chicago

Ellen Gates Starr described one Italian evening as having the room packed full with people.

Other candidates for resident ghosts include the many people who died there of natural causes in the 1870s when it was used as a home for the aged by the Little Sisters of the Poor.

One of the ladies who attended "recited a patriotic poem with great spirit" and everyone was moved by it.

Hull House became, at its inception in 1889, "a community of university women" whose main purpose was to provide social and educational opportunities for working class people (many of them recent European immigrants) in the surrounding neighborhood.

The "residents" ( volunteers at Hull were given this title) held classes in literature, history, art, domestic activities (such as sewing), and many other subjects.

Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments

Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels.

Its mission was to improve social conditions for underserved people and communities by providing creative, innovative programs and by advocating for related public policy reforms.

She described Toynbee Hall as "a community of university men" who, while living there, held their recreational clubs and social gatherings at the settlement house among the poor people and in the same style they would in their own circle.

The Museum's collection includes over 1,100 artifacts related to Hull House history and over 100 oral interviews conducted with people who have shared their stories about Hull House and the surrounding neighborhood.

Many people believe the Hull House is full of the spirits of past residents.


The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving "the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy".

John Zorn's "Shir Ha-Shirim" premiered in February 2008.

The 2014 film The Song is based on the Song of Songs

The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים

Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism

For all of eternity in its entirety is not as worthy as the day on which Song of Songs was given to Israel, for all the Writings are holy, but Song of Songs is the Holy of Holies.

The chorus of Stephen Duffy's 1985 song "Kiss Me" was based on the comparison of wine to love in Song of Songs.

He reportedly said, "He who sings the Song of Songs in wine taverns, treating it as if it were a vulgar song, forfeits his share in the world to come".

"The Song of Solomon" by British singer Kate Bush on her 1993 album, The Red Shoes, is largely based on the Song of Songs.

The piece is inspired by Song of Songs and is performed by an amplified quintet of female singers with female and male narrators performing the "Song of Solomon".

This symbolizes the Jewish people, and in the body, the female form, identified with the woman in Song of Songs.

The Song of Salomon has not any regard in law.


She is the longest-serving female head of state in world history, and the world's oldest living monarch, longest-reigning current monarch, and oldest and longest-serving current head of state.

She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch.

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary, born 21 April 1926) is Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.

In later life, however, the Queen Mother told biographer Tim Heald that Philip was "an English gentleman".

During her grandfather's reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the British throne, behind her uncle Edward and her father.

They are second cousins once removed through King Christian IX of Denmark and third cousins through Queen Victoria.

She became the oldest current monarch after King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia died on 23 January 2015.

On 23 April 2019, she became the oldest living monarch following the death of Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.

Elizabeth was born in Mayfair, London, as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York (later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth).

She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis.

Her mother, the Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat the Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne.

Elizabeth II is the third oldest English Queen.


The site was created by Ben Silbermann, Paul Sciarra, and Evan Sharp and had 300 million monthly active users as of August 2019.

Criticism | Content policies and user bans

"In December 2019, following a campaign from the activist group Color of Change, Pinterest announced that it would restrict content that advertises wedding events on former slave plantations.

In 2015, investors valued Pinterest, Inc. at $11 billion, making it a "unicorn" (a start-up with a valuation exceeding $1 billion).

In October 2012, Pinterest launched business accounts allowing businesses to either convert their existing personal accounts into business accounts or start from scratch.

Although starting out as a "social network" with boards, in later years the company has put increasing emphasis in visual search and e-commerce, such as shopping catalogs.

Features and content | Pinterest Analytics

Pinterest Analytics is much like Google Analytics.

The "Most Clicked" tab in Pinterest Analytics demonstrates products that are more likely to sell.

Pins, pinners, repins, and repinners are some aspects of user data that Pinterest Analytics provides.

Through the access of Pinterest Analytics, companies receive insight to data via API.

This data helps marketing agencies alter their strategies to gain more popularity, often changing the visual content to appeal to the Pinterest community.

Features and content | Shopping and catalogs

In June 2015, Pinterest unveiled "buyable pins" that allows users to purchase things directly from Pinterest.

Pinterest was started by two former PayPal employees.


B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide.

include "the most number one singles (49), most consecutive number one singles (49), longest streak of number one singles (49), total weeks singles were at number one (66), longest consecutive period with a single at number one (20 Years), most singles in the top 10 concurrently (9), the most million-selling albums (19), most number-one albums (26), and the only artist in history to lead all six major categories tracked by Oricon" among others, including total CD shipment of over 100 million copies and other about home videos.

no Face-", which became their forty-first consecutive No. 1 single.

B'z (Japanese: ビーズ, Hepburn: Bīzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto (松本 孝弘, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (稲葉 浩志, Inaba Kōshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads.

History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001–2007)

On 1 August, their box set The Complete B'z was digitally released only for the Japanese iTunes Store.

Every single since that release has debuted at No. 1 on the Oricon charts.

History | 30th anniversary (2010–present)

After the "B'z Live-Gym 2010 "Ain't No Magic" Tour", they began their solo activities each and did not release any single as a duo in 2010.

By AllMusic are considered as the "biggest rock act in Japan and the entirety of Asia".

History | Returning to the music scene (1999–2000)

No. 1 single in sequence. During the tour, Once Upon a Time in Yokohama ~B'z Live Gym'99

In 2003 HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts.

The B'z are a Japanese rock duo that has had 49 consecutive number 1 singles accross Asia.


The superstitious Reynolds is haunted by the death of their mother, and often stitches hidden messages into the linings of the dresses he makes.

Phantom Thread is a 2017 American historical drama film written and directed by Paul Thomas Anderson and starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Lesley Manville and Vicky Krieps.

The film can, and does, but the picture is so hackneyed − pram, baby, walk in the park − that it has to be a dream, or an irony." Phantom Thread was listed on many critics' top ten lists for 2017.

He becomes gravely ill and has hallucinations of his mother.

Phantom Thread premiered in New York City on December 11, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States on December 25, 2017.

The film is the first Anderson film shot outside the United States, with principal photography beginning in January 2017 in Lythe, England.

Phantom Thread grossed $21.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $26.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $47.8 million, against a production budget of $35 million.

They begin to bicker. When Alma tries to show her love for Reynolds by preparing a romantic dinner for two, he lashes out, saying he will not tolerate deviations from the routines he has worked hard to perfect.

"The A.V. Club's A. A. Dowd gave the film an A−, calling it a "charitable and even poignantly hopeful take on the subject [of being in a relationship with an artist]" and said that "in the simple, refined timelessness of its technique, Phantom Thread is practically a love letter to classic aesthetic values—cinematic, sartorial, or otherwise." Observer critic Mark Kermode gave the film five stars, describing it as "a deftly spun yarn," and praised Daniel Day-Lewis' performance, calling his role as a "perfect fit [in a] beautifully realised tale of 50s haute couture.

Woodcock drives a maroon Bristol 405 in the film.

At the beginning of the film the Phantom Thread, the lead character mourns his mother.


In June 2008, it was widely reported in the press that he had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment for the condition at the Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City.

Consistent with his work for liberal causes, Newman publicly supported Ned Lamont's candidacy in the 2006 Connecticut Democratic Primary against Senator Joe Lieberman, and was even rumored as a candidate himself, until Lamont emerged as a credible alternative.

Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention in memory of his son.

Newman was a lifelong Democrat.

Newman was an occasional writer for the publication.

Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to leave New York for Hollywood, and that Newman had said, "Too close to the cake.

Newman was associated with Freeman's established Porsche racing team which allowed both Newman and Freeman to compete in SCCA and IMSA

Newman and Freeman began a long and successful partnership with the Newman Freeman Racing team in the Can-Am series which culminated in the Can-Am Team Championship trophy in 1979.

During this time Newman started acting in television.

Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean.

Newman was named the Most Generous Celebrity of 2008 by Givingback.org.

Newman was assassinated, rumored by his ex-wife.


He came to the throne at about the age of 12, following the assassination of his older half-brother, Edward the Martyr.

Another of Æthelred's sons, Edward the Confessor, became king in 1042.

However, Edmund died on 30 November and Cnut became king of the whole country.

Conflict with the Danes | St. Brice's Day massacre of 1002

Thorkell the Tall and his brother Hemming, was the most formidable force to invade England since Æthelred became king.

In the end, Edward's supporters proved the more powerful and persuasive, and he was crowned king at Kingston upon Thames before the year was out.

Sir Frank Stenton remarked that "much that has brought condemnation of historians on King Æthelred may well be due in the last resort to the circumstances under which he became king." Æthelred's father, King Edgar, had died suddenly in July 975, leaving two young sons behind.

Æthelred II (Old English: Æþelræd, pronounced [æðelræːd]; c. 966 – 23 April 1016), known as the Unready, was King of the English from 978 to 1013 and again from 1014 until his death.

Conflict with the Danes | Battle of Maldon

Before they (the Danes) had left their camp on the island[,]

In 1002, Æthelred ordered what became known as the St. Brice's Day massacre of Danish settlers.

His epithet does not derive from the modern word "unready", but rather from the Old English unræd meaning "poorly advised"; it is a pun on his name, which means "well advised".

Edward reigned for only three years before he was murdered by members of his brother's household.

AEthelred ll the Unready and became king before he was a teenager.


The height of the tower is 55.86 metres (183.27 feet) from the ground on the low side and 56.67 metres (185.93 feet) on the high side.

The tower is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo), after the cathedral and the Pisa Baptistry.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italian: Torre pendente di Pisa) or simply the Tower of Pisa (Torre di Pisa [ˈtorre di ˈpiːza, - ˈpiːsa]) is the campanile, or freestanding bell tower, of the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its nearly four-degree lean, the result of an unstable foundation.

There has been controversy about the real identity of the architect of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.

Nearly four centuries later Giorgio Vasari wrote: "Guglielmo, according to what is being said, in the year 1174, together with sculptor Bonanno, laid the foundations of the bell tower of the cathedral in Pisa".

The researchers concluded that the Tower was able to withstand the tremors because of dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI): the height and stiffness of the Tower together with the softness of the foundation soil influences the vibrational characteristics of the structure in such a way that the Tower does not resonate with earthquake ground motion.

Elevation of Piazza del Duomo: about 2 metres (6 feet, DMS) Height from the ground floor: 55.863 metres (183 ft 3.3 in),

Two German churches have challenged the tower's status as the world's most lop-sided building: the 15th-century square Leaning Tower of Suurhusen and the 14th-century bell tower in the town of Bad Frankenhausen.

A piece of cast bearing his name was discovered at the foot of the tower in 1820, but this may be related to the bronze door in the façade of the cathedral that was destroyed in 1595.

In June 2010, Guinness World Records certified the Capital Gate building in Abu Dhabi, UAE as the "World's Furthest Leaning Man-made Tower"; it has an 18-degree slope, almost five times more than the Pisa Tower, but was deliberately engineered to slant.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is situated behind the Pisa Cathedral and is the third-oldest structure in the city's Cathedral Square with the height of 60 metres.


Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling.

An MGM film adaptation of the novel, directed by Victor Saville and produced by Leon Gordon, was released in 1950.

A London Films television film version of Kim was made in 1984.

Antal Szerb mentions Kipling's Kim in his book (pages no. 9 and 10) The Pendragon Legend briefly, when a person sitting next to the protagonist in the library seems not to know what to read nor how to request a book.

a reissue of the novel in 1959 by Macmillan, the reviewer opines " Kim is a book worked at three levels.

Even in the book the formation ensign belonged to an establishment in Ambala.

ISBN 0-7195-5560-4 The author visits the locations of the novel and discusses the real-life personages that may have possibly inspired its characters.

Kimball "Kim" O'Hara – is an orphan son of an Irish soldier, the protagonist; "A poor white, the poorest of the poor" Teshoo Lama – a Tibetan Lama, the former abbot of the Such-zen monastery in the western Himalayas, on a spiritual journey Mahbub Ali – a famous Ghilzai Pashtun horse trader and spy for the British.

" The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road.

It was first published serially in McClure's Magazine from December 1900 to October 1901 as well as in Cassell's Magazine from January to November 1901, and first published in book form by Macmillan & Co. Ltd in October 1901.

Kim is a book by a famous author and a film.


In response to tampering claims shortly after the film's release, a Fandango executive stated that Rotten Tomatoes detected no unusual activity on The Last Jedi aside from a noticeable "uptick in the number of written user reviews".

"Star Wars: The Last Jedi honors the saga's rich legacy while adding some surprising twists — and delivering all the emotion-rich action fans could hope for.

The middle part of the current trilogy, The Last Jedi ranks with the very best Star Wars epics (even the pinnacle that is The Empire Strikes Back) by pointing the way ahead to a next generation of skywalkers – and, thrillingly, to a new hope.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson.

On January 23, 2017, the film's title was announced as Star Wars: The Last Jedi.

Lucasfilm announced the title for episode VIII as Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi  grossed $620.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $712.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.333 billion.

An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi.

As with The Force Awakens, there is no official tie-in game for The Last Jedi, in favor of integrating content from the film into other Star Wars video games, including Star Wars Battlefront II, which introduced various content from the film, during the second week of the game's first "season".

Reviewers stated that fan theories were held so strongly among some viewers that it was difficult for them to accept different stories, but that other viewers appreciated the film's action, tone, and deviation from Star Wars tradition.

The fan backlash for Star Wars: The Last Jedi, is clearly the results of bots and very small numbers of people, and thus illegitimate.


Unraveling  of the USSR | Presidency of the Soviet Union: 1990–1991 | German reunification and the Iraq War

In October 1990, Gorbachev was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize; he was flattered but acknowledged "mixed feelings" about the accolade.

Reception and legacy | Orders, decorations, and honors

In 1988, India awarded Gorbachev the Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development; in 1990 he was given the Nobel Peace Prize for "his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community".

Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: Михаи́л

The recipient of a wide range of awards—including the Nobel Peace Prize—he was widely praised for his pivotal role in ending the Cold War, curtailing human rights abuses in the Soviet Union, and tolerating both the fall of Marxist–Leninist administrations in eastern and central Europe and the reunification of Germany.

In 2002, Gorbachev was awarded the Charles V Prize by the European Academy of Yuste Foundation.

In 2005, Gorbachev was awarded the Point Alpha Prize for his role in supporting German reunification.

Unraveling  of the USSR | Final collapse

On 30 October, Gorbachev attended a conference in Madrid trying to revive the Israeli–Palestinian peace process.

After Germany was defeated, Gorbachev's parents had their second son, Aleksandr, in 1947; he and Mikhail would be their only children.

Rise in the Communist Party | Heading the Stavropol Region: 1970–1977

Gorbachev also developed good relationships with senior figures like the Soviet Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin, and the longstanding senior party member Mikhail Suslov.

Rise in the Communist Party | Secretary of the Central Committee: 1978–1984

To fill this position, Gorbachev and his wife moved to Moscow, where they were initially given an old dacha outside the city.

Mikhail Gorbachev was given a Nobel Peace Prize.


The same year Rihanna also featured in the Kodak commercial along with rapper Pitbull.

was compared to the altercation with Chris Brown.

Life and music career | 2011–2013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic

Rihanna then appeared in the Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg comedy film

Life and music career | 2009–2011: Rated R and Loud

Reports surfaced that then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, had physically assaulted her.

The ad put out by Snapchat asked if users would rather "slap Rihanna or punch Chris Brown" in a "Would You Rather" format.

Forbes began reporting on Rihanna's earnings in 2012.In 2007, Rihanna began dating fellow singer Chris Brown.

In September 2019 Rihanna promoted the brand in a show again during the New York Fashion Week held at the Barclays Center with modeling appearances from models Alex Wek, Bella Hadid, Cara Delevingne, actress Laverne Cox, and musicians Normani and 21 Savage.

In 2015, Rihanna appeared in the voice role of Tip in the animated feature film Home alongside Jim Parsons and Jennifer Lopez, the film was based on The True Meaning of Smekday by Adam Rex.

In 2018, Rihanna launched a lingerie brand named "Savage X Fenty".

March 2012 saw the simultaneous releases of two collaborations between Rihanna and Chris Brown: remixes of her song "Birthday Cake" and his "Turn Up the Music".

Life and music career | 2014–2017: Standalone releases, Home soundtrack and Anti

During the creation of the album, Rihanna ventured into other endeavors and appeared in the voice role of Tip in the animated feature film Home alongside Jim Parsons and Jennifer Lopez, the film was based on The True Meaning of Smekday by Adam Rex.

Rihanna appeared in a film brand commercial with Chris Brown.


Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | In human nutrition

When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 20 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins, other biomolecules, or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy.

Physicochemical properties of amino acids

There are different hydrophobicity scales of amino acid residues.

Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Proteinogenic amino acids

Twenty-two amino acids are naturally incorporated into polypeptides and are called proteinogenic or natural amino acids.

Essential amino acids may also differ between species.

= = ½(pKa1 + pKa2). The individual amino acids all have slightly different pKa values and therefore have different isoelectric points.

Occurrence and functions in biochemistry | Non-protein functions

This amino acid protects the plants from predators such as insects and can cause illness in people if some types of legumes are eaten without processing.

Twenty of the proteinogenic amino acids are encoded directly by triplet codons in the genetic code and are known as "standard" amino acids.

The types of these reactions are determined by the groups on these side chains and are, therefore, different between the various types of amino acid.

Of the 20 standard amino acids, nine (His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp and Val) are called essential amino acids because the human body cannot synthesize them from other compounds at the level needed for normal growth, so they must be obtained from food.

The ability to easily synthesize vast numbers of different peptides by varying the types and order of amino acids (using combinatorial chemistry) has made peptide synthesis particularly important in creating libraries of peptides for use in drug discovery through high-throughput screening.

People need twenty different amino acids in their diet.


The Carpenters were an American vocal and instrumental duo consisting of siblings Karen (1950–1983) and Richard Carpenter (b. 1946).

History | As the Carpenters | Karen's death

as her brother and family never found ipecac vials in her apartment, even after her death.

History | As the Carpenters | Carpenters and A Song for You

The logo was used on every Carpenters album thereafter; Richard said it was done "to keep things consistent".

History | As the Carpenters | A Kind of Hush and Passage

However, it followed "There's a Kind of Hush" to the top spot on the Adult Contemporary charts and became the duo's 14th No. 1 Adult Contemporary hit, more than any other act in the history of the chart.

While the Carpenters were not a rock band, they were reviewed by the rock press; in 1971, Rolling Stone's Lester Bangs described them as having "the most disconcerting collective stage presence of any band I have seen".

History | Pre-Carpenters | The Richard Carpenter Trio and Spectrum

Richard led the band and wrote all the arrangements, and they began to rehearse daily.

Over time, Karen became more relaxed as a frontwoman and centerpiece of the band.

History | As the Carpenters | Made in America and Karen's final days

The band mimed to the studio recordings for most performances, singing live for some European performances.

In mid-1966, the Richard Carpenter Trio entered the Hollywood Bowl annual Battle of the Bands competition.

Richard and Karen then teamed up with student musicians from Long Beach State to form the band Spectrum.

The band consisted of a brother and sister act.


In 1963, with the success of Spider-Man, the Hulk, Thor, Iron Man, and the Fantastic Four,

For instance, Wolverine was originally an antagonist to the Hulk before joining the X-Men and has ties to other heroes such as Captain America, Black Widow, the Thing, Captain Marvel (Carol Danvers), Elektra and Spider-Man.

And I took the cowardly way out.

The insecurity and anxieties in Marvel's early 1960s comic books such as The Fantastic Four, The Amazing Spider-Man, The Incredible Hulk, and X-Men ushered in a new type of superhero, very different from the certain and all-powerful superheroes before them, and changed the public's perception of superheroes.

Publication history | Blue and Gold (1991–2001)

Many of the later additions to the team came and went, such as Joseph, Maggott, Marrow, Cecilia Reyes, and a new Thunderbird.

Sabretooth was originally a villain of Iron Fist before becoming Wolverine's archenemesis.

X-Men Blue before returning to their original timeline in 2018s Extermination event.

Publication history | Morrison Era (2001–2004)

Morrison also brought reformed ex-villain Emma Frost into the primary X-Men team, and opened the doors of the school by having Xavier "out" himself to the public about being a mutant.

Age of Apocalypse – In a world where Professor X is killed before he can form the X-Men, Magneto leads the X-Men in a dystopian world ruled by Apocalypse.

... as a book, The X-Men has always represented something different - their powers arrive at puberty, making them analogous to the changes you go through at adolescence - whether they're special, or out of control, or setting you apart - the misfit identity theme." Also on an individual level, a number of X-Men serve a metaphorical function as their powers illustrate points about the nature of the outsider.

X-men came out before Spider-man and the Hulk.


He played semi-professional baseball in his youth, signing his first professional contract at age 20 in 1907 for $50 per month.

Alexander was born in Elba, Nebraska, in the first term of President Grover Cleveland and was one of 13 children.

Although this ended his 1909 season, he recovered by 1910 to become a star pitcher again, finishing with a 29-11 record for the Syracuse Stars in the Class B New York State League, before being sold to the Philadelphia Phillies for $750.

Grover Cleveland Alexander (February 26, 1887 – November 4, 1950), nicknamed "Old Pete", was an American Major League Baseball pitcher.

During the late 1930s and early 1940s, Alexander continued to play baseball, touring as a player-coach for the Grover Cleveland Alexander's House of David Team.

Since he played before the Phillies adopted uniform numbers, the block-letter "P" from the 1915 season uniforms was retired by the team in 2001 to honor his career with them.

Alexander played with and against many of the Negro League stars of the day, including Satchel Paige, John Donaldson, Newt Joseph, Chet Brewer, and Andy Cooper.

"Alexander was drafted and one month before shipping out, he married Amy Marie Arrants on May 31 in a courthouse ceremony in Manhattan, Kansas (the couple divorced in 1929, remarried in 1931, and divorced again in 1941).Alexander spent most of the 1918 season in France as a sergeant with the 342nd Field Artillery.

Alexander is the first player mentioned in the poem Line-Up for Yesterday by Ogden Nash: Newspapers often mentioned Alexander's full name when writing about him, in addition to just "Grover".

It would be 65 years before the Phillies won another World Series game.

The contract Grover Cleveland Alexander took before any other was for the Syracruse Stars for nearly $1000 for the season.


In 2010, Angelina Jolie, who had rejected a sequel to Wanted (2008), was in contact with Warner Bros. to star in the film.

In the end, no fewer than ten actresses were considered to play the role.

Warner Bros. then approached Sandra Bullock for the role, and she was cast in October 2010.

Sandra Bullock as Dr. Ryan Stone, a medical engineer and mission specialist who is on her first space mission.

It stars Sandra Bullock and George Clooney as American astronauts who are stranded in space after the mid-orbit destruction of their Space Shuttle, and attempt to return to Earth.

Gravity emerged as one of the most successful sci-fi films of all time and the biggest box office hit of both Sandra Bullock's and George Clooney's careers.

Although the first trailer had audible explosions and other sounds, these scenes are silent in the finished film.

Stone's tears first roll down her face in micro-gravity, and are later seen floating off her face.

Cast Away, being the only person onscreen for a large part of the movie, and he began looking at a wide range of actors for the role.

The studio approached her for a second time to reconsider her former decision, but Jolie again declined.

The team attempted to do this by having a celebration each day when Bullock arrived.

Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film four out of four stars, stating that the film was "more than a movie.

Sandra Bullock was not the first actor approached about starring in the film Gravity.