Massenet wrote more than thirty operas.

Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (French pronunciation: [ʒyl emil fʁedeʁik masnɛ]; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.

Massenet wrote more than thirty operas.

Camille Saint-Saëns, whom Massenet beat in the election for the vacancy, was resentful at being passed over for a younger composer.

Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879–96

Like Werther, it did not gain widespread popularity among French opera-goers until its first revival, which was four years after the premiere, by when the composer's association with Sanderson was over.

"According to Operabase, analysis of productions around the world in 2012–13 shows Massenet as the twentieth most popular of all opera composers, and the fourth most popular French one, after Bizet, Offenbach and Gounod.

The work finally reached Paris in February 1884, by which time Massenet had established himself as the leading French opera composer of his generation.

Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire.

For her, the composer revised Manon and wrote Esclarmonde (1889).

In some of his operas, such as Esclarmonde and Le mage, Massenet moved away from the traditional French pattern of free-standing arias and duets.

Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons.

French composer Jules Massenet wrote over 300 operas.


Perry has English, German, Irish, and Portuguese ancestry.

Life and career | 2007–2009: Breakthrough with One of the Boys

Perry also hosted the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards in November 2009, becoming the first person to host two consecutive ceremonies of the European awards.

Life and career | 1999–2006: Career beginnings

She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name.

Life and career | 2016–2018: Witness and American Idol

In February 2017, the singer launched a shoe line titled "Katy Perry Collections".

Her shoes are available on her website, Katy Perry Collections, and at retailers such as Dillard's and Walmart.

Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was largely influenced by Madonna: Truth or Dare.

Katy Hudson (2001) One of the Boys (2008) Teenage Dream (2010) The Complete Confection (2012) Prism (2013) Witness (2017) Smile (2020) The Smurfs (2011) Katy Perry: Part of Me (2012) The Smurfs 2 (2013) Brand: A Second Coming (2015) Katy Perry: The Prismatic World Tour (2015) Katy Perry: Making of the Pepsi Super Bowl Halftime Show (2015) Jeremy Scott: The People's Designer (2015) Zoolander 2 (2016) Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping (2016) Headlining

Life and career | 2010–2012: Teenage Dream and marriage

On July 5, 2012, Perry's autobiographical documentary Katy Perry: Part of Me was released to theaters through Paramount Pictures.

Perry embarked on her first headlining world tour, the Hello Katy Tour, from January to November 2009 to support One of the Boys.

Life and career | 2013–2015: Prism and Super Bowl XLIX halftime show

Perry released a mobile app titled Katy Perry Pop in December 2015 through Glu Mobile where her character helps players become famous musicians.

Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge.

Katy Perry has European roots.


History | Formation and early years (1882–1908)

Originally named Hotspur Football Club, the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle.

Tottenham Hotspur Ladies will change their name to Tottenham Hotspur Women for the 2019–20 season.

Stadia/playing grounds | Tottenham Hotspur Stadium

The new stadium is called Tottenham Hotspur Stadium while a naming-rights agreement is reached.

They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991–92 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game).

History | Premier League football (1992–present)

Tottenham was one of the five clubs that pushed for the founding of the Premier League, created with the approval of The Football Association, replacing the Football League First Division as the highest division of English football.

May 2019 Tottenham Hotspur Ladies won promotion to the FA Women's Super League with a 1–1 draw at Aston Villa, which confirmed they would finish second in the Championship.

In April 1884 the club was renamed "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London.

The club has a long-standing rivalry with nearby club Arsenal, with head-to-head fixtures known as the North London derby.

Stadia/playing grounds | White Hart Lane

The White Hart Lane ground was built on a disused plant nursery owned by the brewery Charringtons and located behind a public house named the White Hart on Tottenham High Road (the road White Hart Lane actually lies a few hundred yards north of the main entrance).

Harry Hotspur, after whom the club is named, was said to have been given the nickname Hotspur as he dug in his spurs to make his horse go faster as he charged in battles, and spurs are also associated with fighting cocks.

They appointed Mauricio Pochettino as head coach, who was in the role between 2014 and 2019.

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. was created by a few younger lads headed by one named Billy Beltlatch.


Comiskey's reputation was permanently tarnished by his team's involvement in the Black Sox Scandal, although he was inducted as an executive into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.

He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939.Comiskey died in Eagle River, Wisconsin in 1931.

Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 – October 26, 1931), also nicknamed "Commy" or "The Old Roman", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner.

Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s.

She writes: "Charles Risberg and Claude Williams made less than  $3,000 a year ($44,240 today).

He played baseball at St. Mary's, and played for several professional teams in Chicago while apprenticed to a plumber and working at construction jobs including driving a brick delivery wagon for the construction crews building the fifth Chicago City Hall, which stood from 1873 to 1885.

Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey.

Comiskey Park, the White Sox' storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him.

As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917).

Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him "frugal"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms.

Charles Comiskey was removed from the Baseball Hall of Fame.


Albert Fred "Red" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 – June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals.

At the time of his death, he had worn a Major League uniform for 74 consecutive years as a player, coach, or manager, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.

At the time of his death, Schoendienst lived in Town and Country, Missouri, a western suburb of St. Louis, and had served 67 of his 76 years in baseball with the Cardinals.

Coaching and managerial career (1964–2018)

After two years as a coach for the 1977–78 Oakland Athletics, Schoendienst returned to the Cardinals as coach and special assistant to the general manager.

He played for 19 years with the St. Louis Cardinals (1945–1956, 1961–1963), New York Giants (1956–1957) and Milwaukee Braves (1957–1960), and was named to 10 All Star teams.

as their shortstop, St. Louis assigned Schoendienst to be their left fielder.

Schoendienst was a member of five winning World Series teams, all of which were won in seven games: as a player with the Cardinals and Braves in 1946 and 1957 respectively; as the Cardinals manager in 1967; and as a Cardinals coach in 1964 and 1982.

Under his direction, St. Louis won the 1967 and 1968 National League pennants and the 1967 World Series, and he was named National League Manager of the Year in 1967 and 1968.

The Cardinals named Schoendienst, among 21 other former players and personnel, to be inducted into the St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum for the inaugural class of 2014.

He remained an employee of the Cardinals organization with the title of Special Assistant Coach, and in 2017 completed his 72nd consecutive season as a Major League player, coach, or manager.

Red Schoendienst is remembered for returning to his coaching, managing, and playing  67 years with the Major League team  St. Louis Cardinals in Missouri.


The novel revolves around the importance of marrying for love, not for money or social prestige, despite the communal pressure to make a wealthy match.

Though the novel stresses the importance of love and understanding in marriage, Austen never seems to condemn Charlotte's decision to marry for money.

George Wickham tried to elope with Georgiana Darcy, and Colonel Fitzwilliam married for money.

When Elizabeth rejects Darcy's first proposal, the argument of marrying for love is introduced.

She later renamed the story Pride and Prejudice around about 1811/1812, which she sold the rights to publish the manuscript to Thomas Egerton for £110 (equivalent to £7,381 in 2019).

Money plays a fundamental role in the marriage market, for the young ladies seeking a well-off husband and for men who wish to marry a woman of means.

Elizabeth has difficulty in convincing her father that she is marrying for love, not position and wealth, but Mr. Bennet is finally convinced.

She uses Charlotte to convey how women of her time would adhere to society's expectation for women to marry even if it is not out of love, but convenience.

R. W. Chapman's scholarly edition of Pride and Prejudice, first published in 1923, has become the standard edition on which many modern published versions of the novel are based.

Jan Fergus has calculated that Egerton subsequently made around £450 from just the first two editions of the book.

The novel is based  around the importance of marrying for love and not money.


History | 30th anniversary (2010–present)

We love playing for American audiences, and are excited to share our first English-language release with our fans".

In anticipation of their upcoming American tour, the band released a five-song mini-album, titled B'z, featuring five re-recorded English versions of various hits such as "Juice", "Ultra Soul" and "Splash", and "Into Free-Dangan-" released as a digital single.

B'z (Japanese: ビーズ, Hepburn: Bīzu) are a Japanese rock duo, consisting of guitarist, composer and producer Takahiro "Tak" Matsumoto (松本 孝弘, Matsumoto Takahiro) and vocalist and lyricist Koshi Inaba (稲葉 浩志, Inaba Kōshi), known for their energetic hard rock tracks and pop rock ballads.

History | Returning to the music scene (1999–2000)

When they released "Juice", on 12 July, the duo set a Japanese record of marking No.1 in the first week, making it their 25th

History | Adopting pop and temporary hiatus (1995–1998)

In the mid-1998, B'z entered a period of both rest and recording.

In 2003 HMV Japan ranked them at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts.

In 2003, HMV Japan ranked the band at number 30 on their list of the 100 most important Japanese pop acts.

Compared to other two big Japanese rock bands, Mr. Children and Glay, while the sound of the first can be described as "soft", the other two are "fast and rocking".

History | Induction into Hollywood's RockWalk (2001–2007)

On 1 August, their box set The Complete B'z was digitally released only for the Japanese iTunes Store.

B'z is one of the best-selling music artists in the world and the best-selling in their native Japan, having released 49 consecutive No. 1 singles, 25 No. 1 albums, 3 No. 1 EPs on the Oricon music charts and sold more than 100 million records worldwide.

For the album's recording, the duo was particularly worried about its live sound.

The Japanese pop and rock duo the B'z have recorded in both Japanese and English to appease their fans world-wide.


By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as the "Queen of Soul".

Franklin eventually called off the 2012 engagement.

When Franklin was 12, her father began managing her; he would bring her on the road with him during his so-called "gospel caravan" tours for her to perform in various churches.

Civil rights activist and minister Al Sharpton called her a "civil rights and humanitarian icon".

Besides the foregoing, Franklin's well-known hits also include "Ain't No Way", "Call Me", "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)" , "Spanish Harlem", "Rock Steady", "Day Dreaming", " Besides the foregoing, Franklin's well-known hits also include "Ain't No Way", "Call Me", "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)" , "Spanish Harlem", "Rock Steady", "Day Dreaming", " Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)", "Something He Can Feel",

Franklin would visit them often.

Franklin and Turman separated in 1982 after Franklin returned to Michigan from California, and they divorced in 1984.

On August 31, 1957, Franklin had a second child with Jordan, named Edward Derone Franklin after his father.

Franklin was featured on vocals and piano.

Franklin was the mother of four sons.

Franklin was a Christian and was a registered Democrat.

Franklin was called the "Mistress of Soul".


Anne Boleyn was beheaded in 1536 for treason against Henry VIII; her ghost supposedly haunts the Church of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower, where she is buried, and has been said to walk around the White Tower carrying her head under her arm.

In October 1817, a tubular, glowing apparition was claimed to have been seen in the Jewel House by the Keeper of the Crown Jewels, Edmund Lenthal Swifte.

The castle encloses an area of almost 12 acres (4.9 hectares) with a further 6 acres (2.4 ha) around the Tower of London constituting the Tower Liberties – land under the direct influence of the castle and cleared for military reasons.

It has seized me!" Other nameless and formless terrors have been reported, more recently, by night staff at the Tower.

Other reported ghosts include Henry VI, Lady Jane Grey, Margaret Pole, and the Princes in the Tower.

Ainsworth also played another role in the Tower's history, as he suggested that Beauchamp Tower should be opened to the public so they could see the inscriptions of 16th- and 17th-century prisoners.

The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records that in 1097 King William II ordered a wall to be built around the Tower of London; it was probably built from stone as a replacement for the timber palisade that arced around the north and west sides of the castle, between the Roman wall and the Thames.

As the fortified bridge into London was held by Saxon troops, he decided instead to ravage Southwark before continuing his journey around southern England.

Around this time, a kitchen was built in the ward.

The area around the White Tower was cleared so that anyone approaching would have to cross open ground.

As well as having ceremonial duties, the Yeoman Warders provide guided tours around the Tower.

Construction of Wakefield and Lanthorn Towers – located at the corners of the innermost ward's wall along the river – began around 1220.

Nobody has ever reported seeing undead spirits wandering around the Tower of London.


At the time of the Second Temple, the present site of the mosque was occupied by the Royal Stoa, a basilica running the southern wall of the enclosure.

Today, it stands as a monumental structure.

History | Earthquakes and reconstructions

In 1816, the mosque was restored by Governor Sulayman Pasha al-Adil after having been in a dilapidated state.

The renovations included reinforcing the mosque's ancient Umayyad foundations, rectifying the interior columns, replacing the beams, erecting a scaffolding, conserving the arches and drum of the main dome's interior, rebuilding the southern wall, and replacing timber in the central nave with a slab of concrete.

The mosque resides on an artificial platform that is supported by arches constructed by Herod's engineers to overcome the difficult topographic conditions resulting from the southward expansion of the enclosure into the Tyropoeon and Kidron valleys.

The current construction of the al-Aqsa Mosque is dated to the early Umayyad period of rule in Palestine.

The mosque's interior is supported by 45 columns, 33 of which are white marble and 12 of stone.

Most scholars agree that the mosque's reconstruction was started by Abd al-Malik, but that al-Walid oversaw its completion.

This included the building of the Fountain of Qasim Pasha (1527), the restoration of the Pool of Raranj, and the building of three free-standing domes—the most notable being the Dome of the Prophet built in 1538.

In 713–14, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule.

In 1345, the Mamluks under al-Kamil Shaban added two naves and two gates to the mosque's eastern side.

Al-Aqsa Mosque's walls have been standing since Herod's rule.


Charles Albert Comiskey (August 15, 1859 – October 26, 1931), also nicknamed "Commy" or "The Old Roman", was an American Major League Baseball player, manager and team owner.

Comiskey is sometimes credited with the innovation of playing the first base position behind first base or inside the foul line, a practice which has since become common.

Comiskey was born on August 15, 1859, in Chicago, the son of Illinois politician John Comiskey.

Her two children, Dorothy Comiskey Rigney and Charles Albert Comiskey II (who served in the White Sox front office in the 1940s and 1950s before he became owner), became co-owners of the team following Grace's death in the 1950s.

Comiskey Park, the White Sox' storied baseball stadium, was built under his guidance and named for him.

Baseball career | Playing and managing career

Comiskey started his playing career as a pitcher, and moved to first base after developing arm trouble.

As owner of the White Sox from 1900 until his death in 1931, Comiskey oversaw building Comiskey Park in 1910 and winning five American League pennants (1900, 1901, 1906, 1917, 1919) and two World Series (1906, 1917).

Comiskey was notoriously stingy (his defenders called him "frugal"), even forcing his players to pay to launder their own uniforms.

Comiskey left Cincinnati and the majors in fall 1894 to purchase the Western League club in Sioux City, Iowa and move it to Saint Paul, Minnesota.

When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark." When Cicotte closed in on the 30-game goal, Comiskey had him benched to keep him from reaching the mark." Comiskey's stated reason for having manager Kid Gleason bench Cicotte was that with the Sox headed for the World Series he had to protect his star pitcher's arm (Cicotte ended up with a 29-7 record for the 1919 season).

Comiskey was sometimes referred to as "The Old Grump".


Set in the mid-20th century, the plot revolves around a time when he was planning to write a book called The Day the World Ended about what important Americans did on the day of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

Cat's Cradle was nominated for a Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1964.

Cat's Cradle, despite its relatively short length, contains 127 discrete chapters.

Cat's Cradle is a satirical postmodern novel, with science fiction elements, by American writer Kurt Vonnegut.

More topically, Cat's Cradle takes the threat of nuclear destruction in the Cold War as a major theme.

Many of Vonnegut's recurring themes are prevalent in Cat's Cradle, most notably the issues of free will and man's relation to technology.

Newt reiterates the idea of the cat's cradle, implying that the game, with its invisible cat, is an appropriate symbol for nonsense and the meaninglessness of life.

After turning down his original thesis in 1947, the University of Chicago awarded Vonnegut his master's degree in anthropology in 1971 for Cat's Cradle.

Theodore Sturgeon praised Cat's Cradle, describing its storyline as "appalling, hilarious, shocking, and infuriating", and concluded that "this is an annoying book and you must read it.

Film, television or theatrical adaptations

Portions of Cat's Cradle were adapted in the television movie Between Time and Timbuktu (1972), which presented elements from various works by Vonnegut.

Cat's Cradle is set in the 21st century.


Born into a musical family and raised in the Irish-speaking area of Gweedore in County Donegal, Enya began her music career when she joined her family's Celtic folk band Clannad in 1980 on keyboards and backing vocals.

A relationship she had with one man ended in 1997, around the time when she considered taking time out of music to have a family, but found she was putting pressure on herself over the matter and "gone the route I wanted to go".

"It was devastating to be torn away from such a large family, but it was good for my music.

The fifth of nine children, Enya was born into a Roman Catholic family of musicians.

Career | 1976–1985: Clannad and early solo career

Enya chose to leave to pursue a solo career with the Ryans, which initially caused some friction between the three and her family

" Enya left the school at 17 and studied classical music in college for one year with the aim of becoming "a piano teacher sort of person.

However, Enya does not classify her music as part of the genre.

When asked what genre she would classify her music, her reply was "Enya".

Enya looked back on the project as a good career move, but a disappointing one as "we weren't part of it at the end".

Career | 2008–present: And Winter Came... and Dark Sky Island

She spent her time resting, visiting family in Australia, and renovating her new home in the south of France.

Enya was the only one in her family that was into music.


Life and career | 1999–2006: Career beginnings

She later adopted the stage name Katy Perry, using her mother's maiden name.

From ages 3 to 11, Perry often moved across the country as her parents set up churches before settling again in Santa Barbara.

Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Pentecostal pastors Mary Christine (née Perry) and Maurice Keith Hudson.

In March 2018, Perry announced Witness: Coming Home, a benefit concert that was held in her hometown of Santa Barbara, California on May 19, 2018.

Perry partnered with the Santa Barbara Foundation, the 93108 Fund and The 805 UndocuFund, organizations which help in assisting members of the community in the Santa Barbara area through grants and various philanthropic efforts.

Growing up, she attended religious schools and camps, including Paradise Valley Christian School in Arizona and Santa Barbara Christian School in California during her elementary years.

Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson (born October 25, 1984), known professionally as Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter, and television judge.

After singing in church during her childhood, she pursued a career in gospel music as a teenager.

Her parents are born again Christians, each having turned to religion after a "wild youth".

From May 2010 to September 2011, the singer spent a record-breaking total of 69 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100.

The concert benefited those recovering from the aftermath of the 2017 California wildfires and 2018 Southern California mudflows.

Katy Perry was born in Santa Barbara, California which is where she spent most of her childhood.


When Griffith was a small child, his father was killed in a hunting accident when fellow hunters mistook him for a deer.

They had lived in Illinois prior to Clark Griffith's birth.

Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager

Just before Griffith's arrival on the team, pitcher Bill Hutchinson had thrown more than 600 innings in a single season for Anson, which may have contributed to a decline in Hutchinson's career.

The family took a covered wagon west toward the Oklahoma Territory.

Major league career | As a manager and owner

When Griffith took over as manager of the Senators, he also bought a 10% interest in the team.

When I told Clark Griffith what I had done, he screamed, "You paid $7,500 for that bum?

The team had started strong, but the team's pitching faltered as the season progressed and Griffith was criticized for trading away Jimmy Williams in exchange for a disappointing prospect.

Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching 226 1⁄3 innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds.

In 1942, 30.5% of voters submitted Griffith's name.

He wrote that Griffith "belongs in any hall of fame where the elective body is composed of sports writers, for no other reason than that no sports writer ever came away from the old guy without a story.

A nephew who became his adopted son, Calvin Griffith, took over the team after his death and led efforts to have the club moved to Minnesota and become the Twins.

Clark Griffith's dad passed away after a sportsmen mistakenly took him for a wild animal in the woods and shot him.


In 122 Hadrian initiated the construction of a wall, "to separate Romans from barbarians".

He never saw the finished wall that bears his name.

He is known for building Hadrian's Wall, which marked the northern limit of Britannia.

They had opposed Hadrian or seemed to threaten his succession, and the senate held him responsible for it and never forgave him.

The fourth was Gaius Avidius Nigrinus, an ex-consul, intellectual, friend of Pliny the Younger and (briefly) Governor of Dacia at the start of Hadrian's reign.

Travels | Second Roman–Jewish War (132–136)

According to Epiphanius, Hadrian appointed Aquila from Sinope in Pontus as "overseer of the work of building the city", since he was related to him by marriage.

Hadrian may have stopped at Nemausus during his return from Britannia, to oversee the completion or foundation of a basilica dedicated to his patroness Plotina.

In Rome, eight reliefs featuring Hadrian in different stages of hunting decorate a building that began as a monument celebrating a kill.

The veiled antagonism between Hadrian and the Senate never grew to overt confrontation as had happened during the reigns of overtly "bad" emperors, because Hadrian knew how to remain aloof and avoid an open clash.

The idea that the wall was built in order to deal with an actual threat or its resurgence, however, is probable but nevertheless conjectural.

Hadrian started building a wall that he was never able to complete.


Klem spent the 1904 season in the American Association before joining the NL in 1905.

They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida.

By 1940, Klem had retired and had been replaced by future Hall of Fame umpire Al Barlick.

William Joseph Klem, born William Joseph Klimm (February 22, 1874 – September 16, 1951), known as the "Old Arbitrator" and the "father of baseball umpires", was a National League (NL) umpire in Major League Baseball from 1905 to 1941.

In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires.

To this day, Klem holds the record for MLB games umpired - he finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games.

He had the longest career of any major league umpire (37 years) before Bruce Froemming tied that mark in 2007, and was also the oldest umpire in history at age 67 until Froemming surpassed that mark as well.

He had been hospitalized for over a month when he died.

Well, they don't. They go in one ear and go straight to the nervous system, eating away coordination, self-confidence and self-respect." Late in his life, Klem stated in interviews that he had originated the use of hand signals for umpiring calls.

O'Rourke threatened that Klem would not umpire another game in the league, but Klem responded, "Maybe so, but I'll umpire this one.

About a week before his death, Klem seemed to know that his death was coming, commenting to his attorney, "This is my last game

Bill Klem became an umpire for the AL before going to the National League and died in his 70s.


On 19 April 1956, Prince Rainier married the American actress Grace Kelly; the event was widely televised and covered in the popular press, focusing the world's attention on the tiny principality.

Of interest to numismatists, in Monaco the euro was introduced in 2002, having been preceded by the Monégasque franc.

This is why the first euro coins from Monaco have the year 2001 on them, instead of 2002, like the other countries of the Eurozone that decided to put the year of first circulation (2002) on their coins.

Christians comprise a total of 86% of Monaco's population.

Religion | Christian | Christian Fellowship

The Monaco Christian Fellowship, formed in 1996, meets in the Reformed Church's Rue Louis Notari building.

Monaco's total population was 38,400 in 2015.

Before 2002, Monaco minted its own coins, the Monegasque franc.

Monaco uses the euro but is not a member of the European Union.

This capriccio of French, Italian, and Spanish elements was incorporated into hacienda villas and apartments.

According to Monaco 2012 International Religious Freedom Report, Roman Catholics are Monaco's largest religious group, followed by Protestant Christians.

Religion | Christian | Reformed Church of Monaco

The Reformed Church of Monaco acts as a host-church to some other Christian communities, in that it allows them to use its Rue Louis Notari building.

Monaco had a Spanish actress as their queen, the population is 86% Christian, and the Euro was introduced in 2002.


After being orphaned at age 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother Johann Christoph, after which he continued his musical formation in Lüneburg.

The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.

In 1802, Johann Nikolaus Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke, the first biography of the composer, which contributed to his becoming known to a wider public.

Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [

J. C. Bach exposed him to the works of great composers of the day, including South German composers such as Johann Pachelbel (under whom Johann Christoph had studied) and Johann Jakob Froberger; North German composers; Frenchmen, such as Jean-Baptiste Lully, Louis Marchand, and Marin Marais; and the Italian clavierist Girolamo Frescobaldi.

Bach festivals were held on several continents, and competitions and prizes such as the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition and the Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize were named after the composer.

Life | Leipzig (1723–1750) | Final years and death (1740–1750)

Becoming blind, Bach underwent eye surgery, in March 1750 and again in April, by the British eye surgeon John Taylor, a man widely understood today as a charlatan and believed to have blinded hundreds of people.

His father probably taught him to play the violin and harpsichord, and his brother Johann Christoph Bach taught him the clavichord and exposed him to much of the contemporary music.

Also in the second half of the 19th century, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music.

Sara Itzig Levy became an avid collector of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons and was a "patron" of CPE Bach.

German composer Johann Sebastian Bach came from a family of musical people and was raised by his brother after becoming an orphan.


Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Oath of neutrality

On 15 March 1900, Lord Roberts proclaimed an amnesty for all burghers, except leaders, who took an oath of neutrality and returned quietly to their homes.

It is estimated that between 12,000 and 14,000 burghers took this oath between March and June 1900.

a number of Boer fighters such as Deneys Reitz chose exile rather than sign an oath, such as the following, to pledge allegiance to Britain:  Over the following decade, many returned to South Africa and never signed the pledge.

In an interesting twist (for Australians), when the British missed capturing President Paul Kruger, as he escaped Pretoria during its fall in June 1900, a Melbourne Punch, 21 June 1900, cartoon depicted how the War could be won, using the Kelly Gang.

Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Roberts relieve the sieges

Buller's troops marched into Ladysmith on 28 February.

After Natal and the Cape Colony were secure, the British army was able to invade the Transvaal, and the republic's capital, Pretoria, was ultimately captured in June 1900.

All other nations were neutral, but international opinion was largely hostile to the British.

The last of the Boers surrendered in May 1902 and the war ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging signed on 31 May 1902.

Third phase: Guerrilla war (September 1900 – May 1902) | Western Transvaal

Several battles of importance were fought here between September 1901 and March 1902.

The United States stayed neutral in the conflict, but some American citizens were eager to participate.

An oath of neutrality was signed by 12,000-14,000 people from March to June in 1900.


BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film directed by Spike Lee and written by Charlie Wachtel, David Rabinowitz, Kevin Willmott and Lee, based on the 2014 memoir Black Klansman by Ron Stallworth.

The American Film Institute also selected it as one of the top 10 films of the 2018, and at the 76th Golden Globe Awards it earned four nominations, including Best Motion Picture – Drama.

The American Film Institute also included it in its Top 10 Films of the Year.

On April 12, 2018, the film was selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival, where it premiered on May 14.

It opened in the United States on August 10, 2018, which was chosen to coincide with the one-year anniversary of the Charlottesville rally.

BlacKkKlansman premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival, where it won the Grand Prix.

If there were no other reason to make BlackkKlansman, this one would be good enough."Filmmaker

to Bother You also premiered in 2018, took to Twitter on August 17 to criticize the film for its political perspective.

The film was produced by Spike Lee, Raymond Mansfield, Shaun Redick, Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, and Jordan Peele.

While Riley called the craft of the film "masterful" and cited Lee as a major influence on his own work, he felt that the film was dishonestly marketed as a true story and criticized its attempts to "make a cop the protagonist in the fight against racist oppression", when Black Americans face structural racism "from the police on a day-to-day basis".

BlacKkKlansman is a 2018 American crime film written and directed by Spike Lee that went on to be selected as one of the top 10 films of the 2018 by The American Film Institute.


As the burial site of more than 3,300 persons, usually of prominence in British history (including at least sixteen monarchs, eight Prime Ministers, poets laureate, actors, scientists, military leaders, and the Unknown Warrior), Westminster Abbey is sometimes described as 'Britain's Valhalla', after the iconic hall of the chosen heroes in Norse mythology.

Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster.

Royal weddings have included: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth

I dated 21 May 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster, a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign.

Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives.

Other exceptions include Edward II buried at Gloucester Cathedral, John buried at Worcester Cathedral, Henry IV buried at Canterbury Cathedral and Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London.

Until the death of George II in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle.

A late tradition claims that Aldrich, a young fisherman on the River Thames, had a vision of Saint Peter near the site.

History | 16th and 17th centuries: dissolution and restoration | After 1550: turbulent times

The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.

In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean).It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period.

History | 1722–1745: Western towers constructed

Several houses fell in, and many chimneys were damaged.

The Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster is where many of England's kings and queens are buried.


The first six volumes were first translated into English by

the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language.

They are based on the public domain translations of C. K. Scott Moncrieff (and probably Stephen Hudson), modernized and corrected, with extensive annotations.

Publication in English | English-language translations in print

ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7).

The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981).

It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992.

Terence Kilmartin revised the Scott Moncrieff translation in 1981, using the new French edition of 1954.

Starring James Wilby, it condensed the entire series into six episodes.

Although cordial with Scott Moncrieff, Proust grudgingly remarked in a letter that Remembrance eliminated the correspondence between Temps perdu and Temps retrouvé (Painter, 352).

The first four volumes have been published in New York by Viking, 2003–04. (Volume titles: The Way by Swann's (in the U.S., Swann's Way) ISBN 0-14-243796-4; In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower ISBN 0-14-303907-5; The Guermantes Way ISBN 0-14-303922-9; Sodom and Gomorrah ISBN 0-14-303931-8; The Prisoner; and The Fugitive – Finding Time Again.) The first four volumes have been published in New York by Viking, 2003–04. (Volume titles: The Way by Swann's (in the U.S., Swann's Way) ISBN 0-14-243796-4; In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower ISBN 0-14-303907-5; The Guermantes Way ISBN 0-14-303922-9; Sodom and Gomorrah ISBN 0-14-303931-8; The Prisoner; and The Fugitive – Finding Time Again.) In Search of Lost Time, translated by C. K. Scott-Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7).

The entire seven volume series was translated in English by a Scottish gentleman, C.  K. Scott Moncrieff.


The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 adventure epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle.

The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as "Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote.

The major railway bridge described in the novel and film didn't actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai.

Two labour forces, one based in Siam and the other in Burma, worked from opposite ends of the line towards the centre.

The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success.

Actor Will Smith said that the film is one of his influences.

His workers are building a small bridge in his garden that greatly resembles the one in that film and whistling the familiar Colonel Bogey March.

The four commandos parachute in, though one is killed on landing.

Ebert notes that the film is one of the few war movies that "focuses not on larger rights and wrongs but on individuals", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view.

He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the "worst job I ever had in my life" from the point of view of time.

The Bridge on the River Kwai is a movie based on a novel.


The partnership was worth $10 million and would see Rihanna release various beauty products.

In 2017, Rihanna launched her critically acclaimed cosmetics company Fenty Beauty under LVMH's Kendo Brands.

The line was born from Rihanna's vision creating an inclusive brand.

She showcased the brand at the New York Fashion Week in September 2018.

In 2018, Rihanna launched a lingerie brand named "Savage X Fenty".

Fenty is a fashion brand by Rihanna under luxury fashion group LVMH which launched in May 2019.

"The challenge is to get everyone to respect music again, to recognize its value", stated Jay-Z on the release of Tidal.

The brand has been positively reviewed by the public for including plus size models in their promotion, though some fans argued there were not enough plus sizes.

At the 2020 NAACP Image Awards, hosted by BET, Rhianna accepted the President's Award from Derrick Johnson (President and CEO of the NAACP).

In addition to Fr8me, Rihanna opened a photo agency called "A Dog Ate My Homework", which represents photographers Erik Asla and Deborah Anderson.

Rhianna and LVMH's Kendo Brands was valued at $10 million.


"Alexander's Ragtime Band" is a Tin Pan Alley song by American composer Irving Berlin released in 1911 and is often inaccurately cited as his first global hit.

Although not a traditional ragtime song, Berlin's jaunty melody nonetheless "sold a million copies of sheet music in 1911, then another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward.

Following its initial release, Berlin's song in 1911 "sold a million copies of sheet music" and "another million in 1912, and continued to sell for years afterward." A subsequent phonograph recording of the song released in 1911 by comedic singers Arthur Collins and Byron G. Harlan became the best-selling recording in the United States for ten weeks.

Within fifty years of its release, the song had at least a dozen hit covers.

In gratitude, Berlin credited Carus on the cover of the sheet music.

In early March 1911, 23-year-old composer Irving Berlin decided "to try his hand at [writing] an instrumental ragtime number." By this time, the ragtime phenomenon sparked by African-American pianist Scott Joplin had begun to wane, and two decades had passed since the musical genre's heyday in the Gay Nineties.

W.C. Handy told an audience that 'Irving Berlin got all his ideas and most of his music from the late Scott Joplin.'

"Allegedly, Berlin "heard Joplin's music in one of the offices, played by a staff musician (since Berlin could not read music) or by Joplin himself." According to one account:   "Joplin took some music to Irving Berlin, and Berlin kept it for some time.

"In 1937, Irving Berlin was approached by 20th Century Fox to write a story treatment for an upcoming film tentatively entitled Alexander's Ragtime Band.

Berlin also submitted the composition to be used in a special charity performance of the first Friars Frolic by the New York Friars Club.

The song "Alexander's Ragtime Band" by Irving Berlin sold a million copies of sheet music in its first year after it was released.


Wuthering Heights is a novel by Emily Brontë published in 1847 under her pseudonym "Ellis Bell".

Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism.

The Thrushcross Grange that Emily describes is rather unusual.

Brontë, Emily (1976). Wuthering Heights.

Emily Brontë  uses this frame story technique to narrate most of the story.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Music

The song "Emily" by folk artist Billie Marten is written from Brontë's perspective.

This Gothic edifice was located near Law Hill, where Emily worked briefly as a governess in 1838.

Emily also knew  Greek tragedies, was a good Latinist, and possessed an exceptional classical culture in a woman of the time.

Ellen Moers, in Literary Women, developed a feminist theory that connects women writers, including Emily Brontë, with gothic fiction.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature

In Jane Urquhart's Changing Heaven, the novel Wuthering Heights, as well as the ghost of Emily Brontë, feature as prominent roles in the narrative.

Emily Bronte's pseudonym is "Ellis Bell".


Hoagy had two younger sisters, Georgia and Joanne.

Carmichael played Hi Linnett in Canyon Passage (1946), a Universal Pictures western that starred Dana Andrews (his costar in The Best Years of Our Lives and Night Song), Susan Hayward, and Brian Donlevy.

Honors and tributes | In popular culture

However, Fleming and Carmichael also shared a resemblance.

In 1910, the Carmichaels were living in Missoula, Montana.

Carmichael also continued to write individual songs.

It became a hit song, the first of many for Carmichael.

Carmichael found work as a character actor in Hollywood.

Carmichael sang and played "Rockin' Chair" on the piano.

Born in Bloomington, Indiana, on November 22, 1899, Hoagland Howard "Hoagy" Carmichael was the first child and only son of Howard Clyde and Lida Mary (Robison) Carmichael.

Carmichael received more recognition after Paul Whiteman and his orchestra recorded "Washboard Blues" on Victor Records in Chicago in November 1927, with Carmichael singing and playing the piano.

Royalties on his standards were earning Carmichael over $300,000 a year.

Carmichael was the youngest of his siblings.


James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.

James inherited his father's titles of Duke of Albany and Earl of Ross.

Elizabeth I was the last of Henry VIII's descendants, and James was seen as her most likely heir through his great-grandmother Margaret Tudor, who was Henry VIII's elder sister.

By the late 1590s, his championing of native Scottish tradition was reduced to some extent by the increasing likelihood of his succession to the English throne.

James achieved more success in foreign policy.

Titles, styles, honours, and arms | Titles and styles

James styled himself "King of France", in line with other monarchs of England between 1340 and 1800, although he did not actually rule France.

James succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour.

Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands

The Gaelic language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as "Erse" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature.

Queen Elizabeth was unmarried and childless, and James was her most likely successor.

It was against this background that James VI authorised the "Gentleman Adventurers of Fife" to civilise the "most barbarous Isle of Lewis" in 1598.

James VI was in the line of succession from James I, but only because  Elizabeth I did not leave an heir to inherit the throne.


"Dover Beach" is a lyric poem by the English poet Matthew Arnold.

"In a short-story by Robert Aickman, The view, part of his 1964 Dark Entries book.

To critics who conclude that ll. 1–28 were written at Dover and ll.

" Allott suggests the contrary, i.e., that the final lines "were written at Dover in late June," while "ll.

Samuel Barber composed a setting of "Dover Beach" for string quartet and baritone.

29–37 were written in London shortly afterwards".

Sea of Faith by John Brehm, a collection of poems [The University of Wisconsin Press, 2004] (and the title of the eponymous poem which begins Once when I was teaching "Dover Beach" Dover Beach by Billy CollinsEven in the U. S. Supreme Court

He also seems to have borrowed the main setting of his novella On Chesil Beach (2005) from Dover Beach, additionally playing with the fact that Arnold's poem was composed on his honeymoon (see above).

Arnold begins with a naturalistic and detailed nightscape of the beach at Dover in which auditory imagery plays a significant role ("Listen!

Kevin Kline's character, Cal Gold, in the film The Anniversary Party recites part of "Dover Beach" as a toast.

Dover Beach is a postmodern story, written from the point of view of a seagull.


Isaac brought her into the tent of his deceased mother Sarah, married her, and loved her.

Rebecca appears in the Hebrew Bible as the wife of Isaac and the mother of Jacob and Esau.

After the Binding of Isaac, Sarah died.

the other three being Adam and Eve, Abraham and Sarah, and Jacob and Leah.

The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. The Hebrew Bible states that Esau, returning famished from the fields, begged Jacob to give him some of the stew. (Esau referred to the dish as "that red, red stuff", giving rise to his nickname, Hebrew: אדום ('Edom, meaning "Red").) Jacob offered to give Esau a bowl of stew in exchange for his birthright (the right to be recognized as firstborn), and Esau agreed.

Like Abraham before him, who called Sarah his "sister" rather than his "wife" so that the Egyptians would not kill him and take his wife, Isaac told the people of Gerar that Rebecca was his sister.

Isaac was 40 years old when he married Rebecca.

The reasoning for that age is that Sarah, who gave birth to Isaac when she was 90, died after the binding when she was 127 years old, making Isaac around 37 at that time.

Ishmael was born when Abraham was 86 years old (Gen. 16:16) and died at the age of 137 (Gen. 25:17).

Right after Jacob receives the blessings and flees to Laban, the Torah states that Esau married "Mahalat, the daughter of Ishmael, son of Abraham, sister of Nebaiot" (Gen. 28:9), on which Rashi, quoting Megillah 17a, notes that Ishmael died between the engagement and wedding, so the girl's brother gave her away.

Rebecca from the Hebrew Bible marries Abraham after Sarah died.


Filming locations also included Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, and Spain.

Production | Filming | Effect on locations

The attraction, titled Game of Thrones Studio Tour, will be located at former show filming location Linen Mill Studios outside Belfast and will open in 2020.

Tourism organizations elsewhere reported increases in bookings after their locations appeared in Game of Thrones.

In 2016, bookings doubled in Ouarzazate, Morocco, the location of Daenerys' season three scenes.

In September 2018, after filming had finished, HBO announced plans to convert its filming locations in Northern Ireland into tourist attractions to be opened in 2019.

By 2019, 350,000 visitors, or one sixth of all tourists, came to Northern Ireland annually because of Game of Thrones.

A significant factor in the boom in tourism in Iceland and its positive impact on the country's economy has been attributed to Game of Thrones.

Tourism Ireland has a Game of Thrones-themed marketing campaign similar to New Zealand's Tolkien-related advertising.

Northern Ireland Screen, a UK government agency financed by Invest NI and the European Regional Development Fund, funded Game of Thrones.

Other media and products | Accompanying material

For the seventh season, this was to include the animated prequel series Game of Thrones: Conquest & Rebellion, illustrated in a different animation style than previous videos.

The production used three units (Dragon, Wolf and Raven) filming in parallel, six directing teams, 257 cast members and 703 crew members.

Game of Thrones was filmed in three different locations.


Carolingian expansion to the south | Roncesvalles campaign

Seeing an opportunity to extend Christendom and his own power and believing the Saxons to be a fully conquered nation, Charlemagne agreed to go to Spain.

In the Saxon Wars, spanning thirty years and eighteen battles, he conquered Saxonia and proceeded to convert it to Christianity.

Italian campaigns | Conquest of the Lombard kingdom

Charlemagne was then master of Italy as king of the Lombards.

Charlemagne (English: ; French: [ʃaʁləmaɲ]) or Charles the Great (2 April 748 – 28 January 814), numbered Charles I, was the King of the Franks from 768, the King of the Lombards from 774, and the Emperor of the Romans from 800.

The form in which this acclamation was offered was Frankish-Christian rather than Roman.

Charles came to believe that the Roman emperor, who claimed to head the world hierarchy of states, was, in reality, no greater than Charles himself, a king as other kings, since beginning in 629 he had entitled himself "Basileus" (translated literally as "king").

Michael I Rangabe recognised his status as Emperor, although not necessarily as "Emperor of the Romans".

Alcuin writes hopefully in his letters of an Imperium Christianum ("Christian Empire"), wherein, "just as the inhabitants of the [Roman Empire] had been united by a common Roman citizenship", presumably this new empire would be united by a common Christian faith.

Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard crossed the Alps in 773 and chased the Lombards back to Pavia, which they then besieged.

The council was not recognised by Charlemagne since no Frankish emissaries had been invited, even though Charlemagne ruled more than three provinces of the classical Roman empire and was considered equal in rank to the Byzantine emperor.

He then returned to Pavia, where the Lombards were on the verge of surrendering.

Two days later, at Mass, on Christmas Day (25 December), when Charlemagne knelt at the altar to pray, the Pope crowned him Imperator Romanorum ("Emperor of the Romans") in Saint Peter's Basilica.

Emperor of the Romans and King of the Lombards Charlemagne helped spread Christianity.


Kiner served as a United States Navy pilot during World War II.

"Kiner played the rest of 1953 and all of 1954 with the Cubs, finishing his career with the Cleveland Indians in 1955.

An outfielder, Kiner played for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Cubs, and Cleveland Indians from 1946 through 1955.

Kiner would later use "Kiner's Korner" as the title of his post-game TV show in New York.

During his final season in 2013, he was the oldest active announcer in Major League Baseball.

He is the third longest-tenured broadcaster in baseball history, trailing only Los Angeles Dodgers announcers

Ralph McPherran Kiner (October 27, 1922 – February 6, 2014) was an American Major League Baseball player and broadcaster.

The trio rotated announcing duties.

During these visits (usually once a week), regular announcers Gary Cohen, Keith Hernandez, and Ron Darling made room for Kiner as he shared stories of old-time baseball, as well as the current state of the game.

Kiner was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1975.

He also served as an announcer for the New York Mets from the team's inception until his death.

Ralph Kiner was an announcer and enlisted in the US Army before playing professional baseball for the Cleveland Indians.


In 1957, Bebey moved to Ghana at the invitation of Kwame Nkrumah, and took a job as a broadcaster.

Francis Bebey (15 July 1929 in Douala, Cameroon – 28 May 2001 in Paris, France) was a Cameroonian writer and composer.

In the early 1960s, Bebey moved to France and started work in the arts, establishing himself as a musician, sculptor, and writer.

Moving to the United States, he continued to study broadcasting at New York University.

The Grand Prix de la Mémoire is an award dedicated to major writers of contemporary Cameroonian literature who have died.

With Love - Francis Bebey Works: 1963-1994, CD, Original Music, 1995

La Radiodiffusion en La Radiodiffusion en Afrique noire, 1963 (English translation: Broadcasting in Black Africa) Le Fils d'Agatha Moudio, 1967 (English translation: Agatha Moudio's Son) Embarras de Cie: nouvelles

Francis Bebey was born in Douala, Cameroon, on 15 July 1929.

The flute part was played by Patrick Bebey, Francis Bebey's son.

Bebey attended college in Douala, where he studied mathematics, before going to study broadcasting at the University of Paris.

Francis Bebey was a Cameroonian writer and composer that moved to America at the invitation of the president, and worked as a broadcaster.


Several of his victorious battles caused him unacceptably heavy losses, from which the term Pyrrhic victory was coined.

His name is famous for the term "Pyrrhic victory" which refers to an exchange at the Battle of Asculum.

It is from reports of this semi-legendary event that the term Pyrrhic victory originates.

He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch) of Epirus.

The three kings sent embassies to Pyrrhus trying to win him over to their side or at least get him to remain neutral.

Pyrrhus (; Ancient Greek: Πύρρος, Pyrrhos; 319/318–272 BC) was a Greek king and statesman of the Hellenistic period.

She claimed that she, a daughter of a Greek king, could no longer bear to share her home with barbarian women.

Although they were inclined to come to terms with Pyrrhus, supply him money and send him ships once friendly relations were established, he demanded that Carthage abandon all of Sicily and make the Libyan Sea a boundary between themselves and the Greeks.

Pyrrhus was proclaimed king of Sicily.

When the mutineers arrived in Epirus they caused a rebellion against their absent king and Aeacides was dethroned.

The Greek king Pyrrhus of Epirus is the king for which the term Pyrrhic victory comes from which refers to winning but at huge losses.


The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book.

Adaptations | Film, television and theatre

Some of the notable film versions include that of 1940, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and that of 2005, starring Keira Knightley (an Oscar-nominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen.

A new stage production, Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice, The New Musical, was presented in concert on 21 October 2008 in Rochester, New York, with Colin Donnell as Darcy.

The 2016 film of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring Lily James, Sam Riley and Matt Smith.

A cinematic adaptation of Longbourn was due to start filming in late 2018, directed by Sharon Maguire, who also directed Bridget Jones's Diary and Bridget Jones's Baby, screenplay by Jessica Swale, produced by Random House Films and StudioCanal.

Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation.

For more than a century, dramatic adaptations, reprints, unofficial sequels, films, and TV versions of Pride and Prejudice have portrayed the memorable characters and themes of the novel, reaching mass audiences.

Pride and Prejudice has engendered numerous adaptations.

The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations.

Notable television versions include two by the BBC: a 1980 version starring Elizabeth Garvie and David Rintoul and the popular 1995 version, starring Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth.

A 2008 film is the most recent film adaptation that represents the novel.


Pinkerton was not raised in a religious upbringing, and was a lifelong atheist.

Most historians believe that Allan Pinkerton hired ghostwriters, but the books nonetheless bear his name and no doubt reflect his views.

Following Pinkerton's service with the Union Army, he continued his pursuit of train robbers, including the Reno Gang.

Allan Pinkerton died in Chicago on July 1, 1884.

Allan Pinkerton was so famous that for decades after his death, his surname was a slang term for a private eye.

Seiple, Samantha (2015). Lincoln's Spymaster: Allan Pinkerton, America's First Private Eye.

Allan Pinkerton was born in Gorbals, Glasgow, Scotland, to William Pinkerton and his wife, Isobel McQueen, on August 25, 1819.

Allan J. Pinkerton (25 August 1819 – 1 July 1884) was a Scottish–American detective and spy, best known for creating the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.

In the 1951 feature film The Tall Target, a historical drama loosely based upon the Baltimore Plot, Allan Pinkerton is portrayed by Scottish actor Robert Malcolm.

In the 1956 episode "The Pinkertons" of the ABC/Desilu western television series, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, the actor Douglas Evans plays Allan Pinkerton, who is seeking to recover $40,000 in stolen money but interferes with the attempt of Marshal Wyatt Earp (Hugh O'Brian) to catch the entire gang of Crummy Newton (Richard Alexander).

The Pinkertons, played by Angus Macfadyen.

Allan Pinkerton did not follow any type of religion or believe in a higher power.


A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Domestic policy | Governmental initiatives and organization

Nixon was concerned about the prevalence of domestic drug use in addition to drug use among American soldiers in Vietnam.

Early life | Primary and secondary education

" Nixon said he tried to use a conversational tone as much as possible.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Foreign policy | Soviet Union

Nixon used the improving international environment to address the topic of nuclear peace.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Domestic policy | Civil rights

Nixon opposed busing personally but enforced court orders requiring its use.

Post-presidency (1974–1994) | Author and elder statesman

He joined former Presidents Ford and Carter as representatives of the United States at the funeral of Egyptian President Anwar Sadat.

Carter had not wanted to invite Nixon, but Deng had said he would visit Nixon in California if the former president was not invited.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Foreign policy | Latin American policy

A minor confrontation ensued, which was concluded with an understanding that the Soviets would not use Cienfuegos for submarines bearing ballistic missiles.

He played junior varsity football, and seldom missed a practice, though he was rarely used in games.

Post-presidency (1974–1994) | Return to public life

The Carter administration had little use for Nixon and blocked his planned trip to Australia, causing the government of Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser to withhold its official invitation.

Former U.S President Nixon represented California in the U.S Senate.


Current operations | Market share | Current status

Intels market share decreased significantly in the enthusiast market as of 2019.

Corporate affairs | Leadership and corporate structure

Financial results revealed that, under Otellini, Intel's revenue increased by 55.8 percent (US$34.2 to 53.3 billion), while its net income increased by 46.7% (US$7.5 billion to 11 billion).On May 2, 2013, Executive Vice President and COO Brian Krzanich was elected as Intel's sixth CEO, a selection that became effective on May 16, 2013, at the company's annual meeting.

According to Intel CEO Bob Swan, that delay was caused by the company's overly aggressive strategy for moving to its next node.

Corporate affairs | Marketing | Processor naming strategy

By 2009, Intel was using a good-better-best strategy with Celeron being good, Pentium better, and the Intel Core family representing the best the company has to offer.

Since 2010, "Centrino" is only being applied to Intel's WiMAX and Wi-Fi technologies.

Product and market history | Fog computing

Intel's Chief Strategist for the IoT Strategy and Technology Office, Jeff Faders, became the consortium's first president.

Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010–present)

An official statement from Intel read: "The acquisition of Omek Interactive will help increase Intel's capabilities in the delivery of more immersive perceptual computing experiences.

Moore's decision to sole-source Intel's 386 chip played into the company's continuing success.

However, increased competition from Japanese semiconductor manufacturers had, by 1983, dramatically reduced the profitability of this market.

Product and market history | Competition, antitrust and espionage

Intel's strategy of producing ever-more-powerful processors and obsoleting their predecessors stumbled, leaving an opportunity for rapid gains by competitors, notably AMD.

In 2019, Intel's percentage of the market did increase a lot thanks to the company's strategy.


Holly abandons the catering business after the romance with David fails and decides to try her hand at writing.

Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her.

He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce.

They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own.

Lee has lived for five years with a reclusive artist, Frederick, who is much older.

It is often considered one of Allen's major works, with critics continuing to praise its writing and ensemble cast.

The career change forces her once again to borrow money from Hannah, a dependency that Holly resents.

Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million.

The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters.

Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner.

It is suggested that much of the script involved personal details of Hannah and Elliot's marriage that had been conveyed to Holly through Lee (having been transmitted first from Elliot).

Holly, of Hannah and Her Sisters,  has a breakup, quits work, and becomes a word-based artist.


Schmidt was drafted by the Phillies in the second round (30th overall) of the 1971 Major League Baseball draft.

Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980–1986

Schmidt led his team with a .467 batting average and scored five runs as they defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 1983 National League Championship Series.

Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972–1979

The Phillies captured the NL East crown three years in a row; however, they were swept by Cincinnati's "Big Red Machine" in 1976, and lost to the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1977 and 1978.

Mike was a lifeguard at the club.

Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy

In 2008, Schmidt released a wine called Mike Schmidt 548 Zinfandel, a reference to his 548 career home runs, with proceeds also going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.

In 2001, Schmidt began sponsoring an annual fishing tournament known as the Mike Schmidt Winner's Circle Invitational at Old Bahama Bay in West End, Grand Bahama Island.

Schmidt was one of the best athletes of his era; teammate Pete Rose once said, "To have his body, I'd trade him mine and my wife's, and I'd throw in some cash." Mike Schmidt's parents are Joseph Jack Schmidt and Lois Jane Philipps.

That same season, Mike was inducted as a member of the Philadelphia Baseball Wall of Fame (he had previously been inducted as the third baseman for the Phillies' Centennial Team in 1983).

Post-playing career and accolades | Broadcasting

In 2015, Schmidt added Saturday home games to his schedule, creating a "Weekends with Schmidt" format.

Schmidt subsequently, did on-field reporting throughout the series.

Mike Schmidt was drafted by the Los Angeles Dodgers.


Many critics and publications have named the show as one of the best television series of all time.

Reception and achievements | Critical response

Some critics and publications have put the show among the best HBO series of all time.

Production | Visual effects | Title sequence

Entertainment Weekly named the title sequence one of the best on television, calling it a "all-inclusive cruise of Westeros".

Time criticized the repetitive story lines early in the season however praised the "Battle of the Bastards" episode as "one of the show’s very best episodes.

TV Guide named the season's penultimate episode "The Rains of Castamere" as number three on their 65 Best Episodes of the 21st Century.

The same year Rolling Stone named it the twelfth "greatest TV Show of all time".

In 2013 the Writers Guild of America listed Game of Thrones as the 40th best written series in television history.

Entertainment Weekly praised its "vivid, vital, and just plain fun" storytelling and, according to The Hollywood Reporter, the series made a "strong case for being one of TV's best series"; its seriousness made it the only drama comparable to Mad Men or Breaking Bad.

The New York Times gave the series a mixed review after the season 3 finale, criticizing its number of characters, their lack of complexity and a meandering plot.

Reception and achievements | Cultural influence

Alan Sepinwall, writing for the Rolling Stone, placed the series on his "50 Best TV Shows of the 2010s" list, saying the show's "ability to most of the time keep all of its disparate threads feeling vital and tied to one another, remains a staggering achievement." Although Game of Thrones was dismissed by some critics, its success has been credited with an increase in the popularity of the fantasy genre.

It has been named by critics and publications as one of the best television series of all time.


They were killed in May 1934 during an ambush by police near Gibsland, Louisiana.

In 1932, he joined the Dallas Sheriff's Department and eventually served as a member of the posse that killed Bonnie and Clyde.

Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in 1910 in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children.

Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, southeast of Dallas.

As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as "The Story of Suicide Sal" and "The Trail's End", the latter more commonly known as "The Story of Bonnie and Clyde".

This was his first killing. Another inmate, who was already serving a life sentence, claimed responsibility.

Georgie Fame's 1967 single "The Ballad of Bonnie and Clyde", Mel Torme's 1968 song "A Day in the Life of Bonnie and Clyde", Merle Haggard's 1968 "The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde", and Die Toten Hosen's "Bonnie & Clyde".

Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders

On October 11, they allegedly killed Howard Hall at his store during a robbery in Sherman, Texas, though some historians consider this unlikely.

Barrow was repeatedly sexually assaulted while in prison, and he retaliated by attacking and killing his tormentor with a lead pipe, crushing his skull.

In the television film Bonnie & Clyde: The True Story (1992), Tracey Needham played Bonnie and Dana Ashbrook played Clyde.

Last Ride of Bonnie & Clyde) , Sam Strike portrays Clyde Barrow and Jacqueline Byers portrays Bonnie Parker.

Bonnie and Clyde were killed in Texas.


After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

In December 1941, Puyi followed Japan in declaring war on the United States and Great Britain, but as neither nation had recognized Manchukuo there were no reciprocal declarations of war in return.

Puyi's father, Prince Chun, served as a regent until 6 December 1911, when Empress Dowager Longyu took over following the Xinhai Revolution.

Many sentences which had been deleted from the 1964 version prior to its publication were now included.

Jin Yuan, the man who had "remodelled" Puyi in the 1950s, fell victim to the Red Guard and became a prisoner in Fushun for several years, while Li Wenda, who had ghostwritten From Emperor to Citizen, spent seven years in solitary confinement.

You don't have to carry this national hatred into your own family.

no Ōhi – Saigo no Kōtei (流転の王妃·最後の皇弟; Chinese title 流轉的王妃), a 2003 Japanese television series about Pujie and Hiro Saga.

Chiang Kai-shek China's Generalissimo and the Nation

Biography | Eunuchs and the Household Department

They also served as the emperor's advisers.

At the time, Japanese propaganda depicted the birth of Manchukuo as a triumph of Pan-Asianism, with the "five races" of Japanese, Chinese, Koreans, Manchus and Mongols coming together, which marked nothing less than the birth of a new civilization and a turning point in world history.

Puyi served a prison sentence for 8 years following the birth of his nation.


The overall effect of the war in Greece proper was to replace the Athenian Empire with a Spartan empire.

The Peloponnesian War was soon followed by the Corinthian War (394-386 BC), which, although it ended inconclusively, helped Athens regain some of its former greatness.

The Second War (413–404 BC) | Achaemenid support for Sparta (414–404 BC)

Tissaphernes also helped fund the Peloponnesian fleet.

Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians.

The Spartans summoned forces from all of their allies, including Athens, to help them suppress the revolt.

The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens was completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity.

One of these posts was near Pylos on a tiny island called Sphacteria, where the course of the first war turned in Athens's favour.

Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died.

The Spartans, whose intervention would have been the trigger for a massive war to determine the fate of the empire, called a congress of their allies to discuss the possibility of war with Athens.

The Second War (413–404 BC) | Athens recovers

The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships.

Peloponnesian War was just one of the wars that helped the Athens regain their greatness and the Spartans empire fell.


34% answered that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, god, or life force".

Famine also hit Sweden, killing roughly 10% of Sweden's population.

Sweden Finns are Sweden's largest linguistic minority, comprising about 5% of Sweden's population, and Finnish is recognised as a minority language.

In winter, however, the same high-pressure systems sometimes put the entire country far below freezing temperatures.

Sociology professor Phil Zuckerman claims that Swedes, despite a lack of belief in God, commonly question the term atheist, preferring to call themselves Christians while being content with remaining in the Church of Sweden.

Nevertheless, Sweden remained poor, retaining a nearly entirely agricultural economy even as Denmark and Western European countries began to industrialise.

Even though temperature patterns differ between north and south, the summer climate is surprisingly similar all through the entire country in spite of the large latitudinal differences.

is just west of 11°). At 449,964 km2 (173,732 sq mi), Sweden is the 55th-largest country in the world, the 4th-largest country entirely in Europe, and the largest in Northern Europe.

The population of Sweden and most of Europe was seriously decimated.

About 85% of the population live in urban areas.

One third of the population died in the triennium of 1349–1351.

Sweden's population is almost entirely atheist.


The novel follows the character development of Elizabeth Bennet, the dynamic protagonist of the book who learns about the repercussions of hasty judgments and comes to appreciate the difference between superficial goodness and actual goodness.

Mrs. Bennet attempts to persuade Mr. Bennet to visit Mr. Bingley, a rich bachelor recently arrived in the neighbourhood.

In the years between the completion of First Impressions and its revision into Pride and Prejudice, two other works had been published under that name: a novel by Margaret Holford and a comedy by Horace Smith.

Her modern adaptation, The Man Who Loved Pride and Prejudice, is set on Cape Cod.

Pride and Prejudice is one of Five Books most recommended books with philosophers, literary scholars, authors and journalists citing it as an influential text.

Books inspired by Pride and Prejudice include the following:  Mr Darcy's Daughters and The Exploits and Adventures of Miss Alethea Darcy by Elizabeth Aston

Pamela Aidan is the author of a trilogy of books telling the story of Pride and Prejudice from Mr Darcy's point of view: Fitzwilliam Darcy, Gentleman.

The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book.

The novel is set in rural England in the early 19th century.

Pride and Prejudice has consistently appeared near the top of lists of "most-loved books" among literary scholars and the reading public.

Mrs Bennet is  a hypochondriac who imagines herself susceptible to attacks of tremors and palpitations (her "poor nerves") whenever things are not going her way.

When Mr. Darcy returns unexpectedly, he is exceedingly gracious and later invites Elizabeth and the Gardiners to meet his sister, and Mr. Gardiner to go fishing.

Pride and Prejudice is the book of a rural girl that meets a poor man named Mr. Smith.


Aretha's mother died of a heart attack on March 7, 1952, before Aretha's tenth birthday.

Her half-sister, Carol Kelley (née Jennings; born 1940), is C. L. Franklin's daughter by Mildred Jennings, a then 12-year-old congregant of New Salem Baptist Church in Memphis where C. L. was pastor.

The next year, Billboard named her the greatest female R&B artist of all time.

12 years later, an unheard performance of  "Never Gonna Break My Faith" was released in June 2020 to commemorate Juneteeth with a new video visualizing the American human rights movement.

Sister Carolyn died in April 1988 from breast cancer, while eldest sister Erma died from throat cancer in September 2002.

Franklin's half-brother Vaughn died in late 2002.

The following year, she issued the holiday album This Christmas, Aretha, on DMI Records.

Franklin died at her home on August 16, 2018, aged 76, without a will.

In 1987, she became the first female performer to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

By the end of 1961, Franklin was named as a "new-star female vocalist" in DownBeat magazine.

Aretha Frankilin's female parent died when she was 12 years old.


He died in Bridgeton, New Jersey, aged 70, and is buried in the Baptist Cemetery, Salem, New Jersey.

Leon Allen "Goose" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder.

Goslin's years with the Browns and return to the Senators

Goslin had another solid year for the Browns in 1931, batting .328 with a career-high 42 doubles, 76 extra base hits and 105 RBI.

The 20-year-old Goslin was called up to the major leagues to play for the Washington Senators for the last two weeks of the 1921 season.

Goslin played 93 games in 1922 and became a fixture for the Senators in left field until 1930.

Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname "Goose." Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving.

After retiring from baseball, Goslin operated a boat rental company on Delaware Bay for many years, until he retired in 1969.

The 1928 batting title was not decided until the last day of the season.

The Tigers ended up releasing Goslin after his .238 season, and Goslin later recounted (in "The Glory of Their Times") that he received a call from his old boss, Clark Griffith, asking him if he'd be interested in ending his career back where it began in Washington.

He played in Major League Baseball for the Washington Senators, St. Louis Browns, and Detroit Tigers, from 1921 until 1938.

With a 36-year-old Walter Johnson contributing 23 wins and the young Goslin knocking in 129 runs (50 more RBI than any other player on the team), the Senators finished two games ahead of the Yankees and defeated the New York Giants in the 1924 World Series.

Goose Goslin was cremated and only lived until we was 42 years old.


The median age was 39.3 years.

The city's population grew by 4 per cent (96,073 residents) between 1996 and 2001, 1 per cent (21,787 residents) between 2001 and 2006, 4.3 per cent (111,779 residents) between 2006 and 2011, and 4.5 per cent (116,511) between 2011 and 2016.

There are about 40 subcommittees and advisory committees appointed by the city council.

Gang-related incidents have also been on the rise; between the years of 1997 and 2005, over 300 gang-related homicides have occurred.

Cityscape | Neighbourhoods | Old Toronto

Old Toronto is also home to many historically wealthy residential enclaves, such as Yorkville, Rosedale, The Annex, Forest Hill, Lawrence Park, Lytton Park, Deer Park, Moore Park, and Casa Loma, most stretching away from downtown to the north.

Daytime temperatures are usually above 20 °C (68 °F), and often rise above 30 °C (86 °F).

Bay-and-gable houses, mainly found in Old Toronto, are a distinct architectural feature of the city.

Toronto is also host to a wide variety of health-focused non-profit organizations that work to address specific illnesses for Toronto, Ontario and Canadian residents.

Toronto is a city of high-rises, having 1,800 buildings over 30 metres (98 ft).Through the 1960s and 1970s, significant pieces of Toronto's architectural heritage were demolished to make way for redevelopment or parking.

In odd-numbered years, the men's tournament is held in Montreal, while the women's tournament is held in Toronto, and vice versa in even-numbered years.

The city added 77,435 people between July 2017 and July 2018.

The median age was 39.3 years.

Most of the Toronto residents are between 30 and 40 years old.


It began in 1823; however, the term "Monroe Doctrine" itself was not coined until 1850.

The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas.

According to S.E. Morison, "as early as 1783, then, the United States adopted the policy of isolation and announced its intention to keep out of Europe.

By the end of the 19th century, Monroe's declaration was seen as a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets.

One main point in the Clark Memorandum was to note that the Monroe Doctrine was based on conflicts of interest only between the United States and European nations, rather than between the United States and Latin American nations.

Effects | Latin American reinterpretation

The era of the Good Neighbor Policy ended with the ramp-up of the Cold War in 1945, as the United States felt there was a greater need to protect the western hemisphere from Soviet influence.

They knew that the President of the United States wielded very little power at the time, particularly without the backing of the British forces, and figured that the Monroe Doctrine was unenforceable if the United States stood alone against the Holy Alliance.

As the U.S. began to emerge as a world power, the Monroe Doctrine came to define a recognized sphere of control that few dared to challenge.

President Theodore Roosevelt rejected this policy as an extension of the Monroe Doctrine, declaring, "We do not guarantee any state against punishment if it misconducts itself".

Effects | 21st-century approaches | America First

, "The current Administration of the United States of America has declared the Monroe Doctrine to be in effect... " On March 3, 2019, National Security Advisor John Bolton invoked the Monroe Doctrine in describing the Trump administration's policy in the Americas, saying "In this administration, we're not afraid to use the word Monroe Doctrine... It's been the objective of American presidents going back to [President]

The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that began in 1809.


Leland Stanford "Larry" Leland Stanford "Larry" MacPhail Sr. (February 3, 1890 – October 1, 1975) was an American lawyer and an executive in Major League Baseball.

During World War I, he served as an artillery captain in France and Belgium.

His son and namesake Lee MacPhail enjoyed a long career in baseball, most notably as president and general manager of the Baltimore Orioles, general manager of the Yankees, and president of the American League.

MacPhail's career as a major-league owner ended after the Yankees clinched the 1947 World Series, when he got into confrontations at the team's post-game celebrations at Yankee Stadium and then in Manhattan.

MacPhail was pivotal in the development of pioneering sportscaster Red Barber, who announced Reds and Dodgers games for MacPhail.

MacPhail was planning to board the same train at that stop.

MacPhail was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1978.

MacPhail was born in Cass City, Michigan, on February 3, 1890.

By the end of World War II, MacPhail held the rank of colonel.

He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, making him and Larry MacPhail

MacPhail was well known for his unpredictable behavior which was fueled by bouts of heavy drinking.

MacPhail was a banker during his career.


Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO.

A detailed outline was created, with each of the writers working on part of it to create a script for each episode.

The series' title sequence was created for HBO by production studio Elastic.

Benioff added, "a fantasy movie of this scope, financed by a major studio, would almost certainly need a PG-13 rating.

Doune Castle in Stirling, Scotland, was also used in the original pilot episode for scenes at Winterfell.

Reception and achievements | Critical response | Lighting issues

Some reviewers have noted this is part of a wider trend among shows that are made by people who have experience working primarily on films, suggesting they "haven't grasped the nuances (or lack thereof)" of television as a medium, especially the differences between watching a scene on a television screen versus watching it on the big screen in a movie theater.

Before the season eight premiere, HBO screened "The Spoils of War" episode from season seven in movie theaters in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago.

In addition to the originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019.

Production | Writing | Adaptation schedule and episodes

After Game of Thrones story line began outpacing the published novels in the sixth season, the series was based on a plot outline of the future novels provided by Martin along with original content.

probably the only show involving zombies that is".

The show was originally created as a movie for Showtime.


Jennings was a leader, both as a batter and as a shortstop, with the Baltimore Orioles teams that won National League championships in 1894, 1895, and 1896.

Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Phillies: 1899–1903

In 1899, when manager Ned Hanlon moved to the Brooklyn Superbas, several of his star players, including Jennings, Joe Kelley, and Willie Keeler followed.

Cornell Law School and an off-season law practice

He continued to work at his law practice during the off-seasons through the remainder of his baseball career.

He had as many as 537 assists and 425 putouts in single seasons during his prime.

He was signed by the Louisville Colonels of the American Association in 1891.

He drew attention playing shortstop for a semi-professional baseball team in Lehighton, Pennsylvania in 1890.

He managed the Cornell University baseball team while studying law and concluded that he was well-suited to being a manager.

Jennings played 6 games for the Superbas in 1903, effectively ending his playing career, with the exception of 9 at bats during his tenure as the manager of the Detroit Tigers.

Jennings also holds the career record for being hit by pitches with 287, with Craig Biggio (who retired in 2007) holding the modern-day career record of 285.

In 1898, he threw his arm out, and his career as a shortstop came to an end.

The Baltimore Orioles teams of 1894, 1895, and 1896 are regarded as one of the greatest teams of all time.

In 1895, he had a career-high range factor of 6.73–1.19 points higher than the league average (5.54) for shortstops that year.

Hugh Jennings was associated with many teams during his baseball career.


Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.

Already competent on keyboard and violin, he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty.

Life and career | Later years | Final illness and death

Mozart died in his home on 5 December 1791(1791-12-05) (aged 35) at 12:55 am.

During his final years in Vienna, he composed many of his best-known symphonies, concertos, and operas, and portions of the Requiem, which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35.

Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood

Years later, after her brother's death, she reminisced: He often spent much time at the clavier, picking out thirds, which he was ever striking, and his pleasure showed that it sounded good. ... In the fourth year of his age his father, for a game as it were, began to teach him a few minuets and pieces at the clavier. ... He could play it faultlessly and with the greatest delicacy, and keeping exactly in time. ... At the age of five, he was already composing little pieces, which he played to his father who wrote them down.

Life and career | Vienna | 1781: Departure

Mozart decided to settle in Vienna as a freelance performer and composer.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence

More important is the influence Mozart had on composers of later generations.

Composers have paid homage to Mozart by writing sets of variations on his themes.

Mozart met Joseph Haydn in Vienna around 1784, and the two composers became friends.

Life and career | 1782–87 | 1786–87: Return to opera

It was a part-time appointment, paying just 800 florins per year, and required Mozart only to compose dances for the annual balls in the Redoutensaal (see Mozart and dance).

Leopold Mozart, a native of Augsburg, then an Imperial Free City in the Holy Roman Empire, was a minor composer and an experienced teacher.

Mozart was a composer of the Bronze Age.


Critics were split on The Apartment.

The Apartment was distributed by United Artists to favorable reviews and commercial success, despite controversy owing to its subject matter.

Esquire critic Dwight Macdonald gave the film a poor review, calling it "a paradigm of corny avantgardism".

Others took issue with the film's controversial depictions of infidelity and adultery, with critic Hollis Alpert of the Saturday Review dismissing it as "a dirty fairy tale".

Critics were split on The Apartment.

He designed the set of Baxter's apartment to appear smaller and shabbier than the spacious apartments that usually appeared in films of the day.

They go to Bud's apartment as Bud waits forlornly outside the theater.

Resenting Bud for denying them access to his apartment, the executives direct Karl there.

During the affair, Lang used a low-level employee's apartment.

At Bud's apartment, Fran confronts Sheldrake, upset with herself for believing his lies.

Realizing she is in love with Bud, Fran abandons Sheldrake and runs to Bud’s apartment.

The Apartment got mixed reviews.


This personal family conflict experienced by Lawrence provided him with the impetus for the first half of his novel – in which both William, the older brother, and Paul Morel become increasingly contemptuous of their father – and the subsequent exploration of Paul Morel's antagonising relationships with both his lovers, which are both incessantly affected by his allegiance to his mother.

Sons and Lovers. Cambridge University Press.

Although before publication the work was usually titled Paul Morel, Lawrence finally settled on Sons and Lovers.

In 1999, the Modern Library ranked Sons and Lovers ninth on a list of the 100 best novels in English of the 20th century.

The two take long walks and have intellectual conversations about books but Paul resists, in part because his mother disapproves.

But as her sons grow up she selects them as lovers – first the eldest, then the second.

In addition to altering the title to a more thematic 'Sons and Lovers', Heinemann's response had reinvigorated Lawrence into vehemently defending his novel and its themes as a coherent work of art.

ISBN 0-521-56009-8. An early manuscript version of Sons and Lovers

Sons and Lovers is a 1913 novel by the English writer D. H. Lawrence, originally published by Gerald Duckworth and Company Ltd., London, and Mitchell Kennerley Publishers, New York.

Jenny Turner described Sons and Lovers as a semi-autobiographical work in The Sexual Imagination from Acker to Zola: A Feminist Companion (1993).

Paul in the novel Sons and Lovers has two lovers.


Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island.

Bristol, Rhode Island, has a small street named for Burnside.

In 1874 Burnside was elected by the Rhode Island Senate as a U.S. Senator from Rhode Island, was re-elected in 1880, and served until his death in 1881.

At the outbreak of the Civil War, Burnside was a colonel in the Rhode Island Militia.

He served as the Governor of Rhode Island from 1866 to 1869, and as a United States Senator for Rhode Island from 1875 until his death.

Burnside Residence Hall at the University of Rhode Island in Kingston was opened in 1966.

In 1852, he was assigned to Fort Adams, Newport, Rhode Island, and he married Mary Richmond Bishop of Providence, Rhode Island, on April 27 of that year.

Burnside ran as a Democrat for one of the Congressional seats in Rhode Island in 1858 and was defeated in a landslide.

The Burnside Memorial Hall in Bristol, Rhode Island, is a two-story Richardson Romanesque public building on Hope Street.

Burnside continued his association with the Republican Party, playing a prominent role in military affairs as well as serving as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee in 1881.Burnside died suddenly of "neuralgia of the heart" (Angina pectoris) at Bristol, Rhode Island, and is buried in Swan Point Cemetery, Providence, Rhode Island.

He raised the 1st Rhode Island Volunteer Infantry Regiment, and was appointed its colonel on May 2, 1861.

Burnside was from Rhode Island.


Michael Francis Welch (July 4, 1859 – July 30, 1941), nicknamed "Smiling Mickey", was a Major League Baseball pitcher.

Welch was born Michael Francis Walsh in Brooklyn, New York, to Irish immigrant parents John and Mary Walsh.

The new last name may have distinguished him from the high number of men in Brooklyn at the time named Michael Walsh.

He is interred in the Calvary Cemetery in Woodside, Queens, New York, under his birth name of Walsh.

Welch was born in Brooklyn, New York, and played 13 seasons in the major leagues, three with the Troy Trojans, and 10 with the New York Gothams/Giants.

When he was growing up in the Williamsburg section of Brooklyn, baseball was the popular sport among Irish children.

Only three pitchers in the National League and two in the American League have come close to matching Mickey Welch's record nine strikeouts: In the NL: German Marquez (Colorado Rockies) on September 26, 2018, Jacob deGrom (New York Mets) in 2014, and Jim Deshaies (Houston Astros) in 1986 struck out the first eight batters faced; and in the AL: Carlos Rodon (Chicago White Sox) in 2016 and Joe Cowley (Chicago White Sox) in 1986 struck out the first seven batters faced.

He later adopted the last name Welch.

Welch spent summers in New York.

Welch and Keefe remained friends long after they retired from baseball.

The pet-name given to Mickey Welch was Brooklyn Walsh.