Pope Paul III, who convoked the Council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545–47), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551–52) were overseen by Pope Julius III and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562–63) by Pope Pius IV.

None of the three popes reigning over the duration of the council ever attended, which had been a condition of Charles V. Papal legates were appointed to represent the Papacy.

A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545–1547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547–1548 and Trento 1551–1552 A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: A comprehensive history is found in Hubert Jedin's The History of the Council of Trent (Geschichte des Konzils von Trient) with about 2500 pages in four volumes: The History of the Council of Trent: The fight for a Council (Vol I, 1951); The History of the Council of Trent: The first Sessions in Trent (1545–1547) (Vol II, 1957); The History of the Council of Trent: Sessions in Bologna 1547–1548 and Trento 1551–1552 (Vol III, 1970, 1998); The History of the Council of Trent: Third Period and Conclusion (Vol IV, 1976).

The history of the council is thus divided into three distinct periods: 1545–1549, 1551–1552 and 1562–1563.

The 1565–73 Examen decretorum Concilii Tridentini (Examination of the Council of Trent) by Martin Chemnitz was the main Lutheran response to the Council of Trent.

More than three hundred years passed until the next ecumenical council, the First Vatican Council, was convened in 1869.

The Council of Trent (Latin: Concilium Tridentinum), held between 1545 and 1563 in Trent (or Trento, in northern Italy), was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church.

The number of attending members in the three periods varied considerably.

Background information | A general, free council in Germany

Faced with a Turkish attack, Charles held the support of the Protestant German rulers, all of whom delayed the opening of the Council of Trent.

Much more than the Second Council of Nicaea (787) the Council fathers of Trent stressed the pedagogical purpose of Christian images.

Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III (1550–1555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552.

The Council of Trent has been supervised by three separate popes.


Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life.

"what on earth are you doing?"Occasionally, the name Terra  is used in scientific writing and especially in science fiction to distinguish our inhabited planet from others, while in poetry Tellus  has been used to denote personification of the Earth.

Chronology | Origin of life and evolution

The development of agriculture, and then civilization, led to humans having an influence on Earth and the nature and quantity of other life forms that continues to this day.

An inhabitant of the Earth is an Earthling, a Terran, a Terrestrial, a Tellurian or, rarely, an Earthian.

Earth is the densest planet in the Solar System and the largest and most massive of the four rocky planets.

Cartography, the study and practice of map-making, and geography, the study of the lands, features, inhabitants and phenomena on Earth, have historically been the disciplines devoted to depicting Earth.

Orbit and rotation | Axial tilt and seasons

A study from 2016 suggested that Planet Nine tilted all the planets of the Solar System, including Earth, by about six degrees.

The biosphere is divided into a number of biomes, inhabited by broadly similar plants and animals.

A planet's life forms inhabit ecosystems, whose total is sometimes said to form a "biosphere".

More recently, the name is sometimes simply given as Earth, by analogy with the names of the other planets.

Earth is the only noted planet to have inhabitants.


The "von" was an affectation of his father, who was not actually an aristocrat.

Carl Maria von Weber (18 or 19 November 1786 –  5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, pianist, guitarist and critic, and was one of the first significant composers of the Romantic school.

So Mozart's wife was a cousin of Carl Maria von Weber.

He was baptized Catholic on November 20, 1786 to the name Carl Friedrich Ernst, the second name Maria appeared only later.

Carl Maria composed his third opera Peter Schmoll

Homage has been paid to Weber by 20th-century composers such as Debussy, Stravinsky, Mahler (who completed Weber's unfinished comic opera Die drei Pintos and made revisions of Euryanthe and Oberon) and Hindemith (composer of the popular Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber, based on lesser-known keyboard works and the incidental music to Turandot).

Life and career | Later career 1810–1826

In 1824, Weber received an invitation from The Royal Opera, London, to compose and produce Oberon, based on Christoph Martin Wieland's poem of the same name.

Life and career | Early career 1804–1810

Carl Maria was arrested and charged with embezzlement and bribery.

After moving to Salzburg (autumn 1797) Carl Maria studied with Michael Haydn (starting 1798), the younger brother of Joseph Haydn, who agreed to teach Carl Maria free of charge.

In 1823, Weber composed his first (and only) full-length, through-written opera Euryanthe to a libretto by Helmina von Chézy, several passages of which (notably the music for the villainous couple Lysiart and Eglantine) anticipate the early, romantic operas of Richard Wagner.

German composer Carl Maria von Weber was not really an aristocrat as his name would imply.


Pope Paul III, who convoked the Council, oversaw the first eight sessions (1545–47), while the twelfth to sixteenth sessions (1551–52) were overseen by Pope Julius III and the seventeenth to twenty-fifth sessions (1562–63) by Pope Pius IV.

Pope Paul III then initiated several internal Church reforms while Emperor Charles V convened with Protestants and Cardinal Gasparo Contarini at the Diet of Regensburg, to reconcile differences.

There was no hope of reassembling the council while the very anti-Protestant Paul IV was Pope.

The council was ordered by the Emperor and Pope Paul III to convene in Mantua on 23 May 1537.

None of the three popes reigning over the duration of the council ever attended, which had been a condition of Charles V. Papal legates were appointed to represent the Papacy.

Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III (1550–1555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into surrounding state of Tirol on 28 April 1552.

Pope Paul III (1534–1549), seeing that the Protestant Reformation was no longer confined to a few preachers, but had won over various princes, particularly in Germany, to its ideas, desired a council.

Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trent (at that time ruled by a prince-bishop under the Holy Roman Empire), on 13 December 1545; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549.

Paul III issued a decree for a general council to be held in Mantua, Italy, to begin on 23 May 1537.

It failed to convene after another war broke out between France and Charles V, resulting in a non-attendance of French prelates.

Pope Paul V did attend the Council of Trent.


Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner.

He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce.

The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties, held at The Langham, hosted by Hannah, and her husband, Elliot.

Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else.

They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own.

Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater.

Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million.

The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters.

By the time of the film's third Thanksgiving, Lee has married someone she met while taking classes at Columbia University, while Hannah and Elliot have reconciled their marriage.

For the remainder of the year between the first and second Thanksgiving gatherings, Elliot and Lee carry on their affair despite Elliot's inability to end his marriage to Hannah.

Hannah and Her Sisters is a movie set during Thanksgiving.


The film was the highest-grossing film of 2017, the second highest-grossing film in the series (behind The Force Awakens), the fourth highest-grossing film released by Walt Disney Studios, the sixth highest-grossing film in North America, and the ninth-highest-grossing film of all time.

On January 23, 2017, the film's title was announced as Star Wars: The Last Jedi.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi (also known as Star Wars: Episode VIII – The Last Jedi) is a 2017 American epic space opera film written and directed by Rian Johnson.

Lucasfilm announced the title for episode VIII as Star Wars: The Last Jedi, on January 23, 2017.

Williams confirmed his assignment for The Last Jedi at a Tanglewood concert in August 2016, stating he would begin recording the score "off and on" in December 2016 until March or April 2017.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi  grossed $620.2 million in the United States and Canada, and $712.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $1.333 billion.

An update to the MOBA mobile game Star Wars: Force Arena added new content from the sequel era, including some characters as they appeared in The Last Jedi.

"Star Wars: The Last Jedi honors the saga's rich legacy while adding some surprising twists — and delivering all the emotion-rich action fans could hope for.

On February 21, 2017, it was confirmed that recording was underway, with both Williams and William Ross conducting the sessions.

As with The Force Awakens, there is no official tie-in game for The Last Jedi, in favor of integrating content from the film into other Star Wars video games, including Star Wars Battlefront II, which introduced various content from the film, during the second week of the game's first "season".

In January 2016, The Last Jedi was rescheduled for December 15, 2017 in 3D and IMAX 3D.

Star Wars: The Last Jedi set at least four records in 2017.


Almost all moai have overly large heads

Almost all moai have overly large heads

Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position." These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone moai.

Description | Symbolism | Pukao topknots and headdresses

The more recent moai had pukao on their heads, which represent the topknot of the chieftains.

Though moai are whole-body statues, they are often referred to as "Easter Island heads" in some popular literature.

The over-large heads (a three-to-five ratio between the head and the trunk, a sculptural trait that demonstrates the Polynesian belief in the sanctity of the chiefly head) have heavy brows and elongated noses with a distinctive fish-hook-shaped curl of the nostrils.

This is partly because of the disproportionate size of most moai heads, and partly because many of the iconic images for the island showing upright moai are the statues on the slopes of Rano Raraku, many of which are buried to their shoulders.

Some of the "heads" at Rano Raraku have been excavated and their bodies seen, and observed to have markings that had been protected from erosion by their burial.

Completed statues were moved to ahu mostly on the coast, then erected, sometimes with red stone cylinders (pukao) on their heads.

With a rope around the head of the statue and another around the base, using eight workers for the smaller statue and 16 for the larger, they "walked" the moai forward by swiveling and rocking it from side to side; however, the experiment was ended early due to damage to the statue bases from chipping.

History | 1722–1868 toppling of the moai

Today, about 50 moai have been re-erected on their ahus or at museums elsewhere.

All Moai have oversized heads.


Catholics were advised to obey the queen outwardly in all civil matters, until such time as a suitable opportunity presented itself for her overthrow.

Pope Gregory XIII had no connection with the plot of Henry, Duke of Guise, and his brother, Charles, Duke of Mayenne, to assassinate Elizabeth I in 1582.

Pope Gregory XIII (Latin: Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585.

Queen Elizabeth I of England.

He also encouraged the plans of Philip II to dethrone Elizabeth I of England (reigned from 1558–1603), thus helping to develop an atmosphere of subversion and imminent danger among English Protestants, who looked on any Catholic as a potential traitor.

Once in the chair of Saint Peter, Gregory XIII's rather worldly concerns became secondary and he dedicated himself to reform of the Catholic Church.

Pontificate | Formation of clergy and promotion of the arts and sciences

A central part of the strategy of Gregory XIII's reform was to apply the recommendations of Trent.

Pope Gregory XIII is best known for his commissioning of what is now known as the Gregorian calendar after being initially authored by the doctor/astronomer Aloysius Lilius and with the aid of Jesuit priest/astronomer Christopher Clavius who made the final modifications.

Upon the death of Pope Pius V (1566–1572), the conclave chose Cardinal Boncompagni, who assumed the name of Gregory XIII in homage to the great reforming Pope, Gregory I (590–604), surnamed the Great.

Gregory XIII was visited by the Tenshō embassy of Japan, becoming the first Pope to have done so.

Pope Gregory XIII, head of the Catholic Church, played no part in the plot to kill the reigning Queen of England, although he was not opposed to her being overthrown.


Originally red and white, its design is credited to architect Ustad Ahmad Lahori, who also constructed the Taj Mahal.

The Mumtaz Mahal houses the Red Fort Archaeological Museum.

The first was held between November and December 1945 at the Red Fort.

The Red Fort Archaeological Museum was moved from the drum house to the Mumtaz Mahal.

Unlike other Mughal forts, the Red Fort's boundary walls are asymmetrical to contain the older Salimgarh Fort.

Its English name red fort is a translation of the Hindustani Lāl Qila (Hindi: लाल क़िला, Urdu: لال قلعہ) , deriving from its red-sandstone walls.

Reconstructed in 1639 by the fifth Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan as the palace of his fortified capital Shahjahanabad, the Red Fort is named for its massive enclosing walls of red sandstone.

The Red Fort is a historic fort in the city of Delhi (in Old Delhi) in India that served as the main residence of the Mughal Emperors.

When Jahandar Shah took over the Red Fort in 1712, it had been without an emperor for 30 years.

After the battle, the British took over the administration of Mughal territories and installed a Resident at the Red Fort.

Red Fort is one of the building complexes of India encapsulating a long period of history and its arts.

Red Fort was called that because it was only the color red.


ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: 字节跳动; pinyin: Zìjié Tiàodòng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing.

Toutiao used interest-based and decentralized distribution to help long-tail content creators find an audience.

The company has an internal committee of the Chinese Communist Party as well as strategic partnerships with Chinese Communist Party-supported ventures in Beijing and Shanghai.

ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao ("Headlines"), is a content platform in China and around the world.

In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China ordered ByteDance to take down its office collaboration tool called Feishu because it could be used to circumvent internet censorship.

An often cited example is "Zhuguan Baba" (猪倌巴巴), a young pig farmer in Northern China whose posts on how to raise pigs attracted millions of readers on Toutiao.

On 19 May 2020, ByteDance and Disney released an announcement that Kevin Mayer, head of Disney's streaming business, would join ByteDance.

February 2017, ByteDance acquired Flipagram.

In November 2017, ByteDance acquired News Republic from Cheetah Mobile.

ByteDance is the developer of the video-sharing social networking service Douyin (TikTok).

In December 2016, ByteDance invested in the Indonesian news recommendation platform BABE.In

ByteDance is based in Shanghai, China.


While he was fighting an Argive soldier, the soldier's old mother, who was watching from a rooftop, threw a tile which knocked him from his horse and broke part of his spine, paralyzing him.

Whether he was alive or not after the blow is unknown, but his death was assured when a Macedonian soldier named Zopyrus, though frightened by the look on the face of the unconscious king, hesitantly and ineptly beheaded his motionless body.

Demetrius must have thought Pyrrhus would not renege on his treaty for western and southern Macedonia fell without opposition.

During the confused Battle of Argos in the narrow city streets, Pyrrhus was trapped.

The two armies, on different roads, passed one another and Demetrius started plundering Epirus while Pyrrhus met Pantauchus in battle.

Pyrrhus later famously commented on his victory at Asculum, stating, "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined".

The Battle of Ipsus was the largest and most important battle of the Wars of the Successors.

That same year, upon hearing the news of Pyrrhus's death, the Tarentinians surrendered to Rome.

He won an easy victory at the Battle of the Aous and took most of Macedon.

In response to congratulations for winning a costly victory over the Romans, he is reported to have said: "If we are victorious in one more battle with the Romans, we shall be utterly ruined".

Unfortunately for Antigonus, he lost both the battle and his life.

He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome.

Pyrrhus was battling on horseback when he fell and was crushed to death.


His works include 24 operas, 11 major orchestral works, ten choral works and oratorios, two ballets, incidental music to several plays, and numerous church pieces, songs, and piano and chamber pieces.

Young writes that orchestral players generally like playing Sullivan's music: "Sullivan never asked his players to do what was either uncongenial or impracticable." Sullivan's orchestra for the Savoy operas was typical of the theatre orchestra of his era: 2 flutes (+ piccolo), oboe, 2 clarinets, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 cornets, 2 trombones, timpani, percussion and strings.

While an organist at the Royal Italian Opera, Covent Garden, he composed his first ballet, L'Île Enchantée (1864).

Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer.

Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years

The Musical Review of that year observed: [S]ome things that Mr. Arthur Sullivan may do, Sir Arthur ought not to do.

Mackerras's Sullivan ballet, Pineapple Poll, has received many recordings since its first performance in 1951.

Young Arthur became proficient with many of the instruments in the band and composed an anthem, "By the Waters of Babylon", when he was eight.

Herman Klein called the episode "the strangest comingling of success and failure ever chronicled in the history of British lyric enterprise!" Later in 1891 Sullivan composed music for Tennyson's The Foresters, which ran well at Daly's Theatre in New York in 1892, but failed in London the following year.

Life and career | Death, honours and legacy

He is celebrated not only for writing the Savoy operas and his other works, but also for his influence on the development of modern American and British musical theatre.

The mock-jingoistic "He Is an Englishman" in H.M.S. Pinafore and choral passages in The Zoo satirise patriotic British tunes such as Arne's "Rule, Britannia!".

Music | Method of composition and text setting

Sullivan told an interviewer, Arthur Lawrence, "I don't use the piano in composition – that would limit me terribly".

Arthur Sullivan is a British and and has composed 2 ballets.


The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London.

The Peasants' Revolt, also named Wat Tyler's Rebellion or the Great Rising, was a major uprising across large parts of England in 1381.

Background and causes | Protest and authority

There was a great storm in England during May 1381, which many felt to prophesy future change and upheaval, adding further to the disturbed mood.

An uprising occurred in York, during which John de Gisborne, the city's mayor, was removed from office, and fresh tax riots followed in early 1381.

Another factor in the revolt of 1381 was the conduct of the war with France.

In 1348 a plague known as the Black Death crossed from mainland Europe into England, rapidly killing an estimated 50 per cent of the population.

The final trigger for the revolt was the intervention of a royal official, John Bampton, in Essex on 30 May 1381.

The vast majority of those involved in the revolt of 1381 were not represented in Parliament and were excluded from its decision-making.

Later 20th century socialists continued to draw parallels between the revolt and contemporary political struggles, including during the arguments over the introduction of the Community Charge in the United Kingdom during the 1980s.

These attempted to fix wages at pre-plague levels, making it a crime to refuse work or to break an existing contract, imposing fines on those who transgressed.

Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent

Some also mention a Jack Straw as a leader among the Kentish rebels during this phase in the revolt, but it is uncertain if this was a real person, or a pseudonym for Wat Tyler or John Wrawe.

During the 15th century the institution vanished in England.

The Peasants' Revolt of 1381 was during a plague.


The New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT), which maintains the bridge, says that its original paint scheme was "Brooklyn Bridge Tan" and "Silver", although a writer for The New York Post states that it was originally entirely "Rawlins Red".

A center line was painted to separate cyclists from pedestrians in 1971, creating one of the city's first dedicated bike lanes.

Trolley service on the middle lanes continued until the elevated lines stopped using the bridge in 1944, when they moved to the protected center tracks.

According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built.

History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries

Trolley tracks were added in the center lanes of both roadways in 1898, allowing trolleys to use the bridge as well.

The Brooklyn Bridge has an elevated promenade open to pedestrians and cyclists in the center of the bridge, located 18 feet (5.5 m) above the automobile lanes.

History | Construction | Nearing completion

Contracts for bridge lighting were awarded by February 1883, and a toll scheme was approved that March.

History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair

The Park Row exit from the bridge's westbound lanes was closed as a safety measure after the September 11, 2001, attacks on the nearby World Trade Center.

NYCDOT workers periodically remove the love locks from the bridge at a cost of $100,000 per year.

Usage | Rail traffic | Cable cars and elevated railroads

Before reaching Sands Street (at Tillary Street for Fulton Street Line trains, and at Bridge Street for Fifth Avenue Line and Myrtle Avenue Line trains), elevated trains bound for Manhattan were uncoupled from their steam locomotives.

The center lines were painted as bike lanes in 1971 and the paint scheme for the bridge is "Brooklyn Bridge Brown" and "Silver" according to NYCDOT.


Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire.

Again, Massenet's own memoirs and the researches of his biographers are at variance: the composer recalled his exile in Chambéry as lasting for two years; Henry Finck and Irvine record that the young man returned to Paris and the Conservatoire in October 1855.

Moreover, his versatility means that there is no plot or locale that can be regarded as typical Massenet.

Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons.

Between 1862 and 1900 Massenet composed eight oratorios and cantatas, mostly on religious subjects.

He taught composition there from 1878 until 1896, when he resigned after the death of the director, Ambroise Thomas.

The religious element was a regular theme in his secular as well as

Vincent d'Indy wrote that there was "a discreet and semi-religious eroticism" in Massenet's music.

At that time the academy was dominated by painters rather than musicians; Massenet enjoyed his time there, and made lifelong friendships with, among others, the sculptor Alexandre Falguière and the painter Carolus-Duran, but the musical benefit he derived was largely self-taught.

Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (French pronunciation: [ʒyl emil fʁedeʁik masnɛ]; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.

Macdonald lists a great number of locales depicted in the operas, from ancient Egypt, mythical Greece and biblical Galilee to Renaissance Spain, India and Revolutionary Paris.

The mingling of operatic and religious elements in his works was such that one of his oratorios, Marie-Magdeleine, was staged as an opera during the composer's lifetime.

Jules Massenet taught at Montmarte's local religious school.


Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.

The Association had more than 50 programs at over 40 sites throughout Chicago and served approximately 60,000 individuals, families, and community members every year.

Addams felt that the community benefits from theater plays and thus established an amateur theater in the Hull House in 1899.

Hull House neighborhood | Accomplishments

Throughout the first two decades, along with thousands of immigrants from the surrounding area, Hull House attracted many female residents who later became prominent and influential reformers at various levels.

These studies enabled the Hull House residents to confront the establishment, eventually partnering with them in the design and implementation of programs intended to enhance and improve the opportunities for success by the largely immigrant population.

At the neighborhood level, Hull House established the city's first public playground, bathhouse, and public gymnasium (in 1893), pursued educational and political reform, and investigated housing, working, and sanitation issues.

These experiences translated to success at the federal level, working with the settlement house network to champion national child labor laws, women's suffrage, a children's bureau, unemployment compensation, workers' compensation, and other elements of the Progressive agenda during the first two decades of the twentieth century.

Taylor Street's Little Italy, the inner core of Addams' "Hull House Neighborhood", remained as the laboratory upon which the social and philanthropic groups of Hull House elitists had tested their theories and formulated their challenges to the establishment.

Addams and Starr established Hull House as a settlement house on September 18, 1889.In the 19th century a women's movement began to promote education, autonomy, and break into traditionally male dominated occupations for women.

Others, like Hull-House [co-founded by Addams], were secular." One of the first newspaper articles ever written  Hull House quotes the following invitation sent to the residents of the Hull House neighborhood.

"A historic picture, "Meet the Hull House Kids," was taken on a summer day in 1924 by Wallace K. Kirkland Sr., Hull House Director.

Hull House was established by two individuals.


Critical response | Early reviews (1847–1848)

A few years later, the English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as "A fiend of a book – an incredible monster  [...]

The English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as "A fiend of a book – an incredible monster  [...]

"Charlotte Brontë". The Oxford Companion to English Literature.

References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV

It starred Richard Gomez as Gabriel (Heathcliff) and Dawn Zulueta as Carmina (Catherine).

They had discovered the poet in an article in Blackwood's Magazine from August 1825; he had died the previous year.

The action is laid in hell, – only it seems places and people have English names there."Wuthering

"Examiner wrote "This is a strange book.

The women in the book are of a strange fiendish-angelic nature, tantalising, and terrible, and the men are indescribable out of the book itself.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Music

Wind & Wuthering (1976) by English rock band Genesis alludes to the Brontë novel not only in the album's title but also in the titles of two of its tracks, "Unquiet Slumbers for the Sleepers..." and "... In That Quiet Earth".

'Law of the Moors' essay Allott, Miriam (1995).

Dante Gabriel Rossetti was an English poet that apprieciated the book yet he spoke negatively about it.


His grave went unmarked for nearly 150 years, but in 1894 his remains were located and moved to a vault in St. John's Church.

Also in the second half of the 19th century, Philipp Spitta published Johann Sebastian Bach, the standard work on Bach's life and music.

Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [

Sara Itzig Levy became an avid collector of works by Johann Sebastian Bach and his sons and was a "patron" of CPE Bach.

In 1802, Johann Nikolaus Forkel published Ueber Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke, the first biography of the composer, which contributed to his becoming known to a wider public.

Johann Sebastian and Maria Barbara had three more children, who however did not live to their first birthday, including twins born in 1713.Bach's time in Weimar was the start of a sustained period of composing keyboard and orchestral works.

Bach festivals were held on several continents, and competitions and prizes such as the International Johann Sebastian Bach Competition and the Royal Academy of Music Bach Prize were named after the composer.

The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach.

Johann Sebastian Bach was born in Eisenach, the capital of the duchy of Saxe-Eisenach, in present-day Germany, on 21 March 1685

This building was destroyed by Allied bombing during World War II, so in 1950 Bach's remains were taken to their present grave in St. Thomas Church.

His keyboard music was again performed more on the instruments Bach was familiar with, rather than on modern pianos and 19th-century romantic organs.

Johann Sebastian Bach's site of interment was unlabeled for more than a century.


ADX Florence forms part of the Florence Federal Correctional Complex (FCC Florence), which is situated on 49 acres (20 ha) of land and houses different facilities with varying degrees of security, including the United States Penitentiary, Florence High.

The United States Penitentiary, Administrative Maximum Facility (USP Florence ADMAX) is an American federal prison in unincorporated Fremont County near Florence, Colorado.

ADX Florence is a 37-acre (15 ha) complex located at 5880 Highway 67, Florence, Colorado, about 100 miles (160 km) south of Denver and 40 miles (64 km) south of Colorado Springs.

Inmates exercise in a concrete pit resembling an empty swimming pool, also designed to prevent them from knowing their location in the facility.

The 4 inches (100 mm) by 4 feet (1.2 m) windows are designed to prevent inmates from knowing their specific location within the complex.

Under his guidance, Marion Penitentiary would be in "permanent lockdown" for the next two decades and became a model for the construction of ADX, designed as a control unit prison.

In 1983, members of the Aryan Brotherhood, Thomas Silverstein and Clayton Fountain stabbed correctional officers Merle Clutts and Robert Hoffman to death at the United States Penitentiary, Marion.

The institution is unofficially known as ADX Florence, or the "Alcatraz of the Rockies".

As of early 2018, the warden of ADX Florence is Andre Matevousian.

The Bureau of Prisons allowed the media to take a guided tour of ADX Florence on September 14, 2007.

This penitentiary is located near Florence, Alabama from where it gets its name.


This allowed the Sardinian government to declare a united Italian kingdom on 17 March 1861.

Starting from the last two decades of the 19th century, Italy developed into a colonial power by forcing under its rule Eritrea and Somalia in East Africa, Tripolitania and Cyrenaica in North Africa (later unified in the colony of Libya) and the Dodecanese islands.

Nevertheless, the total fertility rate is expected to reach 1.6–1.8 in 2030.From the late 19th century until the 1960s Italy was a country of mass emigration.

After centuries of foreign domination and political division, Italy was almost entirely unified in 1861, establishing the Kingdom of Italy as a great power.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries Italy was affected by the Neoclassical architectural movement.

Italian writers embraced Romanticism in the early 19th century.

Italian clubs have won 48 major European trophies, making Italy the second most successful country in European football.

Through a complex series of events, southern Italy developed as a unified kingdom, first under the House of Hohenstaufen, then under the Capetian House of Anjou and, from the 15th century, the House of Aragon.

Since their appearance in the middle of the 19th century, Italian organised crime and criminal organisations have infiltrated the social and economic life of many regions in Southern Italy, the most notorious of which being the Sicilian Mafia, which would later expand into some foreign countries including the United States.

Italy has for centuries welcomed Jews expelled from other countries, notably Spain.

In the 19th century, major Italian Romantic painters were Francesco Hayez, Giuseppe Bezzuoli and Francesco Podesti.

The European country of Italy was only unified in the 19th century.


Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child.

the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé.

In April 2014, after much speculation, Beyoncé and Jay-Z officially announced their On the Run Tour.

The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US.

Beyoncé was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition.

On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion.

As of November 2014, Beyoncé has sold over 5 million copies worldwide and has generated over 1 billion streams, as of March 2015.At

In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row—earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013.

Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014.

Beyoncé also won home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for "Pretty Hurts", as well as best collaboration for "Drunk in Love".

Beyoncé voiced Queen Tara in the 3D CGI animated film, Epic, released by 20th Century Fox on 24 May, and recorded an original song for the film, "Rise Up", co-written with Sia.

Beyonce is a Texan.


Born in Nashville, Tennessee, he was the son of Larry MacPhail (Leland S. MacPhail Sr.), front office executive with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and the Yankees.

Larry and Lee MacPhail are the only father-and-son pair to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame.

Lee MacPhail's son Andy is the president of the Philadelphia Phillies.

He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1998, joining his father Larry MacPhail, who had been elected in 1978, as the only father and son members.

Most Valuable Player Award is named for Lee MacPhail.

The Yankees compiled a record of 569–557 (.505) during MacPhail's term as GM, with one second-place finish (in 1970).

Although no AL franchise moved during MacPhail's term, he was in office for the dawning of the free agency era in 1976, and nine of the 12 league clubs in existence in 1974 underwent ownership changes.

During MacPhail's seven-year stewardship (1959–65), the Orioles became pennant contenders in the American League, winning 612 of 1,118 games (.547) and finishing in the league's first division four times.

He joined the Yankees when Larry MacPhail became a co-owner of the team in 1945.The younger MacPhail rose through the Yankees system, eventually becoming farm system director in the late 1940s (after his father sold his one-third share and left baseball) and contributing to the organization's seven World Series championships from 1949 to 1958.

During his ten full years in office, the American League continued to struggle against the National League in All-Star Game competition: it lost the first nine midsummer classics it played under MacPhail's presidency, winning only in his last season, 1983, by a 13–3 score.

Lee was honored in 1998.His brother Bill MacPhail was president of CBS Sports and later was president of CNN Sports, brought on by Ted Turner to create the department upon the network's launch.

Lee MacPhail's father was an engineer.


After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.

Except for a period during the Korean War, when he was moved to Harbin, Puyi spent ten years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in Liaoning province until he was declared reformed.

From 1963 onward, Puyi regularly gave press conferences praising life in the People's Republic of China, and foreign diplomats often sought him out, curious to meet the famous "Last Emperor" of China.

His ashes were first placed at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, alongside those of other party and state dignitaries. (This was the burial ground of imperial concubines and eunuchs prior to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.) In 1995, as a part of a commercial arrangement, Puyi's ashes were transferred by his widow Li Shuxian to a new commercial cemetery named Hualong Imperial Cemetery (华龙皇家陵园) in return for monetary support.

He died in Beijing of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61.In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China at the time, Puyi's body was cremated.

When the Chinese Communist Party under Mao Zedong came to power in 1949, Puyi was repatriated to China after negotiations between the Soviet Union and China.

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

From 1938 until the end of the war, every year about a million Chinese were taken from the Manchukuo countryside and northern China to be slaves in Manchukuo's factories and mines.

In one of his last acts, the outgoing German ambassador to Japan Herbert von Dirksen visited Puyi in the Salt Tax Palace to tell him that a German embassy would be established in Hsinking later that year to join the embassies of Japan, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Costa Rica, Italy and Nationalist Spain, the only other countries that had recognized Manchukuo.

Under the "Articles of Favourable Treatment of the Great Qing Emperor after His Abdication" (清帝退位 優待條件), signed with the new Republic of China, Puyi was to retain his imperial title and be treated by the government of the Republic with the protocol attached to a foreign monarch.

Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time.

Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 12 years after the People's Republic of China was established in 1949.


The rebels sought a reduction in taxation, an end to the system of unfree labour known as serfdom, and the removal of the King's senior officials and law courts.

The institution of serfdom declined after 1381, but primarily for economic rather than political reasons.

Meanwhile, rebels entered the Tower of London, killing the Lord Chancellor and the Lord High Treasurer, whom they found inside.

Events | Wider revolt | Northern and western England

The Ilchester gaol was stormed, and one unpopular prisoner executed.

One official, Edmund Lakenheath, was forced to flee from the Suffolk coast by boat.

Members of the local government were deposed from office, and one tax collector was nearly lynched.

One group, under the leadership of John Wrawe, a former chaplain, marched north towards the neighbouring county of Suffolk, with the intention of raising a revolt there.

Designed to spread the cost of the war over a broader economic base than previous tax levies, this round of taxation proved extremely unpopular but raised £22,000.

The story ends with a prophecy that socialist ideals will one day be successful.

The revolt had various causes, including the socio-economic and political tensions generated by the Black Death pandemic in the 1340s, the high taxes resulting from the conflict with France during the Hundred Years' War, and instability within the local leadership of London.

One of the largest reason for the Peasants' Revolt was high taxation.


Career | 1976–1987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

The song's video featured Petty dressed as the Mad Hatter, mocking and chasing Alice from the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, then cutting and eating her as if she were a cake.

This album included the hit single "Don't Come Around Here No More", which was produced by Dave Stewart.

"Don't Do Me Like That", "Here Comes My Girl", "Even the Losers" and "Refugee".

Career | 1991–2017: Move to Warner Bros. Records

Nicks joined Petty and the Heartbreakers on stage for "a selection of songs" including "Stop Draggin' My Heart Around".

Some have claimed that the Red Hot Chili Peppers single "Dani California", released in May 2006, is very similar to Petty's "Mary Jane's Last Dance".

In 1987, Petty sued tire company B.F. Goodrich for $1 million for using a song very similar to his song "Mary's New Car" in a TV commercial.

"In January 2015, it was revealed that Petty and Jeff Lynne would receive royalties from Sam Smith's song "Stay with Me" after its writers acknowledged similarities between it and "I Won't Back Down".

The ad agency that produced the commercial had previously sought permission to use Petty's song but was refused.

In the episode, Petty gets bumped from the show and nearly comes to blows with Greg Kinnear.

The album also featured Petty's first duet, "Insider" with Stevie Nicks.

The video for Tom Petty's song "Don't Come Around Here No More" is similar to Alice in Wonderland's adventure.


Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time.

A World In Arms A Global History of World War II.

Puyi appears as "Aisin-Gioro Puyi" in the 2016 World War II grand strategy game Hearts of Iron IV, by Paradox Interactive, and is depicted as the absolute monarch of Manchukuo.

much of World War II, Puyi, confined to the Salt Tax Palace, believed that Japan was winning the war, and it was not until 1944 that Puyi first began to get an inkling that Japan was losing the war when the Japanese press began to report "heroic sacrifices" in Burma and on Pacific islands while air raid shelters started to be built in Manchukuo.

During the war, Puyi was an example and role model for at least some in Asia who believed in the Japanese Pan-Asian propaganda.

"During "During the war , Puyi became estranged from his father, as his half-brother Pu Ren stated in an interview:  ... after 1941 Puyi's father had written him off.

Except for a period during the Korean War, when he was moved to Harbin, Puyi spent ten years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre in Liaoning province until he was declared reformed.

Puyi himself complained that he had issued so many "slavish" pro-Japanese statements during the war that nobody on the Allied side would take him in if he did escape from Manchukuo.

Biography | Emperor of China (1908–1912)

During Puyi's coronation in the Hall of Supreme Harmony on 2 December 1908, the young emperor was carried onto the Dragon Throne by his father.

Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925–1931)

During this period, Puyi and his advisers Chen Baochen, Zheng Xiaoxu and Luo Zhenyu discussed plans to restore Puyi as Emperor.

He was feted by the Japanese populace during his visits there, but had to remain subservient to Emperor Hirohito.

Puyi was Emperor of Manchukou during World War II


It was primarily inspired by the Olivier–Oberon film version, which deeply affected Bush in her teenage years.

Kate Bush's song "Wuthering Heights" is most likely the best-known creative work inspired by Brontë's story that is not properly an "adaptation".

Bush wrote and released the song when she was 18 and chose it as the lead single in her debut album (despite the record company preferring another track as the lead single).

Marten wrote the song while studying Wuthering Heights.

Brazilian heavy metal band Angra released a version of Bush's song on

The 1970 film with Timothy Dalton as Heathcliff is the first colour version of the novel.

Songwriter Jim Steinman said that he wrote the song " It's All Coming Back to Me Now" "while under the influence of Wuthering Heights".

The song "Cath" by indie rock band Death Cab for Cutie was inspired by Wuthering Heights.

The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature

Mizumura Minae's A True Novel (Honkaku shosetsu) (2002) is inspired by Wuthering Heights and might be called an adaptation of the story in a post-World War II Japanese setting.

Kate Bush wrote a song called 'Wuthering Heights" and it was primarily inspired by the Olivier-Oberon film version.


The film tells an alternate history story of two plots to assassinate Nazi Germany's leadership, one planned by Shosanna Dreyfus (Laurent), a young French Jewish cinema proprietor, and the other by a team of Jewish American soldiers led by First Lieutenant Aldo Raine (Pitt).

Inglourious Basterds is a 2009 war film written and directed by Quentin Tarantino and starring Brad Pitt, Christoph Waltz, Michael Fassbender, Eli Roth, Diane Kruger, Daniel Brühl, Til Schweiger and Mélanie Laurent.

Shosanna Dreyfus is living in Paris operating a cinema under the name "Emmanuelle Mimieux".

Landa orders his SS soldiers to shoot through the floorboards, killing all but one of the Dreyfus family; Shosanna, the daughter, escapes.

Critic James Berardinelli gave the film his first four-star review of 2009, stating, "With Inglourious Basterds, Quentin Tarantino has made his best movie since Pulp Fiction," and that it was "one hell of an enjoyable ride." Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave the film a four-star review, writing that "Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds is a big, bold, audacious war movie that will annoy some, startle others and demonstrate once again that he's the real thing, a director of quixotic delights.

When pushed, Tarantino would not explain the first u in Inglourious, but said, " The Basterds?

Inglourious Basterds was listed on many critics' top ten lists.

After directing Death Proof in 2007, Tarantino returned to work on Inglourious Basterds.

He further commented on Late Show with David Letterman that Inglourious Basterds is a "Quentin Tarantino spelling".

Inglourious Basterds was later ranked #62 on a BBC critics' poll of the greatest films since 2000.

Inglourious Basterds starred Brad Pitt as Shosanna Dreyfus.


With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America.

While Miami's foreign-born population has traditionally consisted primarily of Cubans and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world.

The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada.

According to the United Nations Development Programme, Toronto has the second-highest percentage of constant foreign-born population among world cities, after Miami, Florida.

The summer months are characterized by very warm temperatures.

Toronto has a diverse array of public spaces, from city squares to public parks overlooking ravines.

Cityscape | Neighbourhoods | Old Toronto

It is the most densely populated part of the city.

During the 2000s, many neighbourhoods have become ethnically diverse and have undergone gentrification as a result of increasing population, and a housing boom during the late 1990s and the early 21st century.

The city's gender population is 48 per cent male and 52 per cent female.

By the 1980s, Toronto had surpassed Montreal as Canada's most populous city and chief economic hub.

Toronto is the most populated city in Canada and is very diverse.


Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding.

Published in 1954, Lord of the Flies was Golding's first novel.

Following a further review, the book was eventually published as Lord of the Flies.

Popular reading in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school.

There have been three film adaptations based on the book:  Lord of the Flies (1963), directed by Peter Brook Alkitrang Dugo (1975), a Filipino film, directed by Lupita A. Concio Lord of the Flies (1990), directed by Harry HookA fourth adaptation, to feature an all-female cast, was announced by Warner Bros. in August 2017, but was subsequently abandoned.

Many writers have borrowed plot elements from Lord of the Flies.

Simon conducts an imaginary dialogue with the head, which he dubs the "Lord of the Flies".

The book itself appears prominently in his novels Hearts in Atlantis (1999), Misery (1987), and Cujo (1981).King wrote an introduction for a new edition of Lord of the Flies (2011) to mark the centenary of William Golding's birth in 1911.

Popular in schools, especially in the English-speaking world, a 2016 UK poll saw Lord of the Flies ranked third in the nation's favourite books from school, behind George Orwell’s Animal Farm and Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations.

The Lord of the Flies also warns Simon that he is in danger, because he represents the soul of man, and predicts that the others will kill him.

Lord of the Flies was the author's 1st book.


Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain

Francoism professed a devotion to the traditional role of a woman in society, that is being a loving daughter and sister to her parents and brothers, being a faithful wife to her husband, and residing with her family.

Official propaganda confined the role of women to family care and motherhood.

Immediately after the civil war most progressive laws passed by the Republic aimed at equality between the sexes were nullified.

Though barred by the Spanish government from being draped in the Spanish flag, Francisco Franco's grandson, also named Francisco Franco, draped his coffin in the nationalist flag.

He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo; Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather, Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and Teódulo for the saint day of his birth.

From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | The end of the Civil War

Several exiled Republicans also fought in the French resistance against the German occupation in Vichy France during World War II.

From the Spanish Civil War to World War II | World War II

Volunteer Spanish troops (the División Azul, or "Blue Division") fought on the Eastern Front under German command from 1941 to 1944.

Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks

To his father's chagrin, Francisco decided to try the Spanish Army.

Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 in the Calle Frutos Saavedra in El Ferrol, Galicia.

Franco's parents married in 1890 in the Church of San Francisco in El Ferrol.

The letters between the two were found and she was questioned by journalists.

At the age of fourteen, Franco was one of the youngest members of his class, with most boys being between sixteen and eighteen.

Francisco Franco fought for equality between the sexes.


Actors often stayed in the Dench household.

Dame Judith Olivia Dench  (born 9 December 1934) is an English actress, artist, and author.

Dench was married to the late British actor Michael Williams.

The collaboration came about because the slang term "dench", which is used as a compliment, features in Bizzle's lyrics and on his clothing brand Stay Dench which Dench had previously helped to promote.

Her brothers, one of whom was actor Jeffery Dench, were born in Tyldesley, Lancashire.

As Time Goes By. The Dame was sparkly and downright ravishing.

All Is True takes an elegiac look at Shakespeare's final days." Also in 2018, Dench appeared alongside Eileen Atkins, Joan Plowright and Maggie Smith in Roger Michell's documentary film Nothing Like a Dame which documents conversations between the actresses, interspersed with scenes from their career on film and stage.

They had one child, who is known professionally as Finty Williams (born Tara Cressida Frances Williams on 24 September 1972), and through her marriage, one grandchild.

She followed Riddick with a more traditional role in Charles Dance's English drama Ladies in Lavender, also starring friend Maggie Smith.

She has more than once been named number one in polls for Britain's best actor.

The English actress, artist, and author Dame Judith Olivia Dench had actors staying at her house as a child.


Roland Glen Fingers (born August 25, 1946) is an American retired professional baseball pitcher who played 17 seasons in Major League Baseball for the Oakland Athletics (1968–1976), San Diego Padres (1977–1980), and Milwaukee Brewers (1981–1985).

Fingers was part of the Oakland Athletics team that accomplished the first modern-day "three-peat," winning the World Series in 1972, 1973, and 1974.

During the 1972 season, Fingers entered games in the fifth inning on four occasions, but mostly entered in the sixth inning or later.

During that game, he gave up one run on four hits in five full innings.

Fingers pitched 5 1⁄3 innings, allowing three hits and two runs.

Fingers was called upon as a reliever in a game on May 21, 1971, entering in the first inning against the Minnesota Twins in Oakland after starter Blue Moon Odom gave up three runs and three walks in just eight batters.

Other than those two games,  for the remainder of his career, his earliest entrance into a game was in the sixth inning, which happened on three more occasions.

For the third of those championships, he won the World Series Most Valuable Player Award, earning two saves and one win during the series.

Finley sued Kuhn, and he benched Fingers, Rudi and Blue, saying that they belonged to other teams.

In 1966, he played for the Modesto Reds of the Class A California League, and he played for two seasons (1968 and 1969) for the Birmingham A's of the Class AA Southern League.

Members of the Athletics threatened to strike against Finley if they did not play, and Finley relented.

Fingers played for three teams during his career.


Since the 1921 FA Cup final the Tottenham Hotspur crest has featured a cockerel.

Harry Hotspur, after whom the club is named, was said to have been given the nickname Hotspur as he dug in his spurs to make his horse go faster as he charged in battles, and spurs are also associated with fighting cocks.

This revamp displayed a sleeker and more elegant cockerel standing on an old-time football.

The club used spurs as a symbol in 1900, which then evolved into a fighting cock.

Audere Est Facere (to dare is to do).In 1983, to overcome unauthorised "pirate" merchandising, the club's badge was altered by adding the two red heraldic lions to flank the shield (which came from the arms of the Northumberland family, of which Harry Hotspur was a member), as well as the motto scroll.

Player fines will go towards this charity's children's village in Rustenburg, South Africa with the funds being used to cover the running costs as well as in support of a variety of community development projects in and around Rustenburg.

In November 2013, Tottenham forced non-league club Fleet Spurs to change their badge because its new design was "too similar" to the Tottenham crest.

History | Bill Nicholson and the glory years (1958–1974)

The next year Spurs won their second consecutive FA Cup after beating Burnley in the 1962 FA Cup Final.

History | Burkinshaw to Venables (1974–1992)

Under Venables, Spurs won the 1990–91 FA Cup, making them the first club to win eight FA Cups.

AIA appeared in the FA Cup, League Cup and Europa League.

After the 1922 FA Cup, they centered their crest around Harry Hotspur's old fighting pet rooster that helped his horse go faster in battles.


In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play.

Parodos: The arrival of the Chorus in this play is unusual in that the singing begins offstage some time before the Chorus appears.

He ends by threatening to beat his mother also, whereupon Strepsiades flies into a rage against The Thinkery, blaming Socrates for his latest troubles.

The play begins with Strepsiades suddenly sitting up in bed while his son, Pheidippides, remains blissfully asleep in the bed next to him.

Socrates returns to the stage in a huff, protesting against the ineptitude of his new elderly student.

The philosopher descends and quickly begins the induction ceremony for the new elderly student, the highlight of which is a parade of the Clouds, the patron goddesses of thinkers and other layabouts.

Putting aside their cloud-like costumes, The Chorus declares that this is the author's cleverest play and that it cost him the greatest effort.

It is possible that the concealed Chorus was not fully audible to the audience and this might have been a factor in the original play's failure.

The second agon in The Clouds is between Strepsiades and his son (1345–1451) and it is in iambic tetrameter for both speakers.

During the parabasis proper (lines 518–62), the Chorus reveals that the original play was badly received when it was produced.

At the beginning of Aristophanes's The Clouds, the Chorus is against Strepsiades.


Thoughtful and quietly religious, Byron is superior to Brown in every way but his shyness prevents him from revealing his feelings to Lena.

Brown deserts Lena once again, but Byron follows him and challenges him to a fight.

He is also a bootlegger. Joe Christmas – a man who came to Jefferson three years prior to the events in the novel.

A childishly cruel white vigilante, Percy Grimm, follows him there and, over Hightower's protest, shoots and castrates Christmas.

Looking for Lucas, sweet, trusting Lena meets shy, mild-mannered Byron Bunch, who falls in love with Lena but feels honor-bound to help her find Joe Brown.

Set in the author's present day, the interwar period, the novel centers on two strangers, a pregnant white woman and a man who passes as white but who believes himself to be of mixed ethnicity.

At the end of the story, an anonymous man is talking to his wife about two strangers he picked up on a trip to Tennessee, recounting that the woman had a child and the man was not the father.

Gavin Stevens – an educated man and district attorney who lives in Jefferson and offers commentary on some of the events at the end of the novel. Percy Grimm – the captain of the State National Guard who kills Joe Christmas and castrates him.

After he accidentally sees her with a man in her room, she tries unsuccessfully to have him transferred to an all-black orphanage.

She has been told that a man named Bunch works at the mill and assumes it is Lucas Burch, because the name sounds similar.

John 5, the healing of the lame man by immersion, is echoed by Christmas's repeatedly being immersed in liquids.

This novel partly follows a man who is too shy to admit his affections for a lady.


It is based on the 1982 novel Schindler's Ark by Australian novelist Thomas Keneally.

Reception | Reaction of the Jewish community

Hungarian Jewish author Imre Kertész, a Holocaust survivor, feels it is impossible for life in a Nazi concentration camp to be accurately portrayed by anyone who did not experience it first-hand.

Reception | Assessment by other filmmakers

Schindler's List is about 600 who don't."Filmmaker

For me the symbol of life is color.

The girl in red may have been inspired by Kraków resident Genya Gitel Chil, according to a 2014 interview of her family members.

In 2007, the American Film Institute ranked Schindler's List 8th on its list of the 100 best American films of all time.

Schindler's List was very well received by many of Spielberg's peers.

The Vatican named Schindler's List among the most important 45 films ever made.

Schindler and Stern create "Schindler's List" – a list of about 850 people to be transferred to Brünnlitz and thus saved from transport to Auschwitz.

Williams won an Academy Award for Best Original Score for Schindler's List, his fifth win.

Schindler's List made its U.S. network television premiere on NBC on February 23, 1997.

Schindler's List was inspired from the life of an author.


Massenet senior was a prosperous ironmonger; his wife was a talented amateur musician who gave Jules his first piano lessons.

Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet (French pronunciation: [ʒyl emil fʁedeʁik masnɛ]; 12 May 1842 – 13 August 1912) was a French composer of the Romantic era best known for his operas, of which he wrote more than thirty.

By the time of the composer's death in 1912 his reputation had declined, especially outside his native country.

Biography | Operatic successes and failures, 1879–96

The work finally reached Paris in February 1884, by which time Massenet had established himself as the leading French opera composer of his generation.

Massenet's practical experience in orchestra pits as a young man and his careful training at the Conservatoire equipped him to make such effects without much recourse to unusual instruments.

Like many prominent French composers of the period, Massenet became a professor at the Conservatoire.

By the 1990s, Massenet's reputation had been considerably rehabilitated.

un opéras of Massenet's skill in translating French text into flexible melodic phrases,

At around the same time he composed a Requiem, which has not survived.

In The Penguin Opera Guide (1993), Hugh Macdonald wrote that though Massenet's operas never equalled the grandeur of Berlioz's Les Troyens, the genius of Bizet's Carmen or the profundity of Debussy's Pelléas et Mélisande, from the 1860s until the years before the First World War, the composer gave the French lyric stage

Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet had a particular reputation for playing the French horn, a rarity for composers of the time, who much preferred string or woodwind instruments.


Game of Thrones is an American  fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss for HBO.

The strategy game Game of Thrones Ascent ties into the HBO series, making characters and settings available to players as they appear on television.

Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon

On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a Game of Thrones prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin

Other media and products | Accompanying material

A week after the series finale, HBO released a behind-the-scenes documentary entitled Game of Thrones: The Last Watch.

The third season was seen by 14.2 million viewers, making Game of Thrones the second-most-viewed HBO series (after The Sopranos).

Reception and achievements | Critical response

According to Variety, "There may be no show more profitable to its network than 'Game of Thrones' is to HBO.

Game of Thrones was considered a ratings success for HBO throughout all eight seasons.

In addition to originally scored music, Columbia Records released the For the Throne: Music Inspired by the HBO Series Game of Thrones companion album on April 26, 2019.

Reigns: Game of Thrones, a spin-off of the Reigns strategy video game series, is in development by Nerial, published by Devolver Digital, and was released in October 2018.

Game of Thrones attracted a record viewership on HBO and has a broad, active, and international fan base.

Game of Thrones series was made for HBO.


Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 – January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player.

Though he was left-handed, Connor was initially a third baseman; in early baseball, left-handed third basemen were more common than they are in modern baseball.

However, John Tattersall's 1975 Home Run Handbook, a publication of the Society for American Baseball Research (SABR), credited Connor with 138.

Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York.

MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)

Another New York baseball team, also known as the Giants, emerged with the founding of the Players' League (PL) in 1890.

In June 1902, the local newspaper said, "Roger bobs up every summer and makes his farewell to the baseball public." His 1903 retirement was earnest though; he attended a 1904 Springfield-Norwich game as a retired spectator.

Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats.

Several players from the NL team left for the new league's Giants team, including future Hall of Famers Connor, Keefe, Jim O'Rourke and Hank O'Day.

MLB playing career | Early years (1880–1889)

George Vecsey, in The New York Times wrote: "Roger Connor was a complete player — a deft first baseman and an agile base runner who hit 233 triples and stole 244 bases despite his size (6 feet 3 inches and 200 pounds)."He led the NL with a .371 average in 1885.

In September 1903, Connor announced his retirement from baseball and placed his team up for sale.

Connor proposed that he might purchase the team and attempt to have it admitted to the State Baseball League, decreasing its travel requirements.

American baseball player Roger Connor was left-handed.


Born and raised in Houston, Texas, Beyoncé performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child.

and Whitney Houston, who she said "inspired me to get up there and do what she did.

Life and career | 2019–present: Homecoming, The Lion King and Black Is King

On June 23, she followed up the release of its studio version with an a capella version.

However, she does not formulate beats herself, but typically comes up with melodies and ideas during production, sharing them with producers.

Similarly, she also came up with the phrase "visual album" following the release of her fifth studio album, which had a video for every song.

In 2005, Beyoncé teamed up with House of Brands, a shoe company, to produce a range of footwear for House of Deréon.

On May 27, 2010, Beyoncé teamed up with clothing store C&A to launch Deréon by Beyoncé at their stores in Brazil.

Life and career | 2003–2005: Dangerously in Love and Destiny Fulfilled

After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks.

Mathew cut the original line-up to four and the group continued performing as an opening act for other established R&B girl groups.

Life and career | 2016–2018: Lemonade, collaborations and Everything Is Love

In June 2019, Lemonade was certified 3× Platinum, having sold up to 3 million album-equivalent units in the United States alone.

I woke up like this, which started a trend of posting morning selfies with the hashtag #iwokeuplikethis, and 'boy, bye,' which was used as part of the Democratic National Committee's campaign for the 2020 election.

Beyonce' grew up in  Alabama.


In 1871, he became the first president of the National Rifle Association, holding the office until 1872.

Burnside was born in Liberty, Indiana, and was the fourth of nine children of Edghill and Pamela (or Pamilia) Brown Burnside, a family of Scottish origin.

Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island.

Ambrose attended Liberty Seminary as a young boy, but his education was interrupted when his mother died in 1841; he was apprenticed to a local tailor, eventually becoming a partner in the business.

The battle was a part of the campaign in North Carolina that was led by Burnside and known as the Burnside Expedition.

Burnside, Wisconsin is named for the general.

After leaving the Regular Army, Burnside devoted his time and energy to the manufacture of the famous firearm that bears his name: the Burnside carbine.

Bruce Catton summarized Burnside: ... Burnside had repeatedly demonstrated that it had been a military tragedy to give him a rank higher than colonel.

Gen. Joseph Hooker, whom Burnside disliked.

Two companies of this regiment were then armed with Burnside Carbines.

Originally, a statue of Burnside was intended to be the focus of the porch.

Ambrose Burnside was a member of the NRA and had eight siblings.


Ireland is now one of the least forested countries in Europe.

Because of its mild climate, many species, including sub-tropical species such as palm trees, are grown in Ireland.

In common with the rest of Europe, Ireland experienced unusually cold weather during the winter of 2010-11.

The "Great Frost" struck Ireland and the rest of Europe between December 1739 and September 1741, after a decade of relatively mild winters.

Although in the early Middle Ages the church was "quite unlike its counterpart in continental Europe", there was considerable interchange between monastic settlements in Ireland and the rest of Europe that contributed to what is known as Gregorian chant.

Since the 1960s with the increase in immigration, many more languages have been introduced, particularly deriving from Asia and Eastern Europe.

Most of the rest of the population adhere to one of the various Protestant denominations (about 48% of Northern Ireland).

It remained the dominant language of Ireland for most of those periods, having influences from Latin, Old Norse, French and English.

Until the end of the Middle Ages, Ireland was heavily forested with native trees such as oak, ash, hazel, birch, alder, willow, aspen, rowan, yew and Scots pine.

Sea levels were lower and Ireland, like Great Britain, formed part of continental Europe.

Compared to the rest of Europe, Ireland does not have many trees.


She was the longest-serving British prime minister of the 20th century and the first woman to hold that office.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Challenges to leadership and resignation

During her premiership Thatcher had the second-lowest average approval rating (40%) of any post-war prime minister.

A second ballot was therefore necessary.

Thatcher initially declared her intention to "fight on and fight to win" the second ballot, but consultation with her Cabinet persuaded her to withdraw.

Early political career | Leader of the Opposition: 1975–1979

The Conservatives won a 44-seat majority in the House of Commons and Thatcher became the first female British prime minister.

Thatcher became prime minister on 4 May 1979.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Foreign affairs | Crisis in the Falklands

The "Falklands factor", an economic recovery beginning early in 1982, and a bitterly divided opposition all contributed to Thatcher's second election victory in 1983.

Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher,  (née Roberts; 13 October 1925 – 8 April 2013) was a British stateswoman who served as prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 to 1990.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Domestic affairs

Thatcher was Opposition leader and prime minister at a time of increased racial tension in Britain.

As prime minister, Thatcher met weekly with Queen Elizabeth II to discuss government business, and their relationship came under close scrutiny.

The local party selected her as its candidate because, though not a dynamic public speaker, Roberts was well-prepared and fearless in her answers; prospective candidate Bill Deedes recalled: "Once she opened her mouth, the rest of us began to look rather second-rate." She attracted media attention as the youngest and the only female candidate.

Margaret Thatcher was the second female prime minister of the United Kingdom.


Most of the X-Men are mutants, a subspecies of humans who are born with superhuman abilities activated by the "X-Gene".

They are led by Charles Xavier, also known as Professor X, a powerful mutant telepath who can control and read minds.

Magneto, a Holocaust survivor, sees the situation of mutants as similar to those of Jews in Nazi Germany.

Their archenemy is Magneto, a powerful mutant with the ability to manipulate and control magnetic fields who leads the Brotherhood of Mutants.

Age of X - a world in which anti-mutant sentiment became even worse due to a series of events and thus led to the United States government hunting down mutants with Sentinels and leading to "The Decimation" which severely reduced the mutant population and Magneto leads the mutants who are based in Fortress X.

Some characters believe they already know their own fates, such as Apocalypse believing he is fated to rule the mutants or Magneto believing he is fated to lead the mutants to rise up against humans.

The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to real-world conflicts experienced by minority groups in America such as African Americans, various religious or non-religious groups, (Muslims, those with autism, the LGBTQ community, etc.) It has been remarked that attitudes towards mutants do not make sense in the context of the Marvel Universe, since non-mutants with similar powers are rarely regarded with fear; X-Men editor Ann Nocenti remarked that "I think that's literary, really - because there is no difference between Colossus and the Torch.

The nature of Rogue's powers affecting her sanity due to her retaining the memories of others has been a central plot device on many occasions, most famously retaining Ms. Marvel's psyche throughout most of the 1980s.

A new series featuring the original Jean leading a team of X-Men called

Storytelling elements | Death and resurrection

X-Necrosha is a particular story arc that sees Selene temporarily reanimate many of the X-Men's dead allies and enemies in order for her to achieve godhood.

Emma Frost secretly leads New Tien by telepathically possessing New Tien's puppet ruler Xorn.

The topic of fate takes center stage yet again in a story arc called "The Extremists" involving attacks against the Morlocks due to one of them seeing a dark future for their people.

Most of the X-Men are mutants that are lead by a mutant that can see what others are thinking.


Clark Calvin Griffith (November 20, 1869 – October 27, 1955), nicknamed "The Old Fox", was an American Major League Baseball (MLB) pitcher, manager and team owner.

Griffith was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame by the Old Timers Committee in 1946.

Sometimes known for being a thrifty executive, Griffith is also remembered for attracting talented players from the National League to play for the Senators when the American League was in its infancy.

Major league career | As a pitcher and player-manager

Griffith entered the American Association in 1891, pitching 226 1⁄3 innings and winning 14 games for the St. Louis Browns and Boston Reds.

He referred to Griffith as "the real father of the American League", citing the fact that Griffith had been a key force in attracting National League players to join the American League teams in their initial years.

Major league career | As a manager and owner

He twice entrusted 27-year-old players to manage his teams—Bucky Harris in 1924 and Joe Cronin in 1933.

Just before Griffith's arrival on the team, pitcher Bill Hutchinson had thrown more than 600 innings in a single season for Anson, which may have contributed to a decline in Hutchinson's career.

Griffith was elected to the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1946.

A collegiate baseball league, the National Capital City Junior League, was renamed in honor of Griffith after his death.

When the Baseball Hall of Fame was being built and was looking for baseball memorabilia, Griffith donated several photographs of these presidential first pitches.

Griffith was sometimes referred to as "The Old Squirrel" in Major League Baseball.


The Manhattan anchorage rests on a foundation of bedrock while the Brooklyn anchorage rests on clay.

The anchorages both have four anchor plates, one for each of the main cables, which are located near ground level and parallel to the ground.

Each anchor plate is connected to the respective main cable by two sets of nine eyebars, each of which is about 12.5 feet (3.8 m) long and up to 9 by 3 inches (229 by 76 mm) thick.

The chains of eyebars curve downward from the cables toward the anchor plates, and the eyebars vary in size depending on their position.

The anchor plates measure 16 by 17.5 inches (410 by 440 mm), with a thickness of 2.5 inches (64 mm) and weigh 46,000 pounds (21,000 kg) each.

The anchorages are trapezoidal limestone structures located slightly inland of the shore, measuring 129 by 119 feet (39 by 36 m) at the base and 117 by 104 feet (36 by 32 m) at the top.

The anchorages also contain numerous passageways and compartments.

Each side of the bridge contains an anchorage for the main cables.

Each anchorage weighs 60,000 short tons (54,000 long tons).

Notable events | Anniversary celebrations

A renovated pedestrian connection to Dumbo, Brooklyn, was also reopened before the anniversary celebrations.

The Brooklyn anchorage is connected to a base of bedrock and has 4 anchor plates.


The book was originally published with the title

The Naked Lunch in Paris in July 1959 by Olympia Press.

It was titled Naked Lunch and was substantially different from the Olympia Press edition because it was based on an earlier 1958 manuscript in Allen Ginsberg's possession.

Nonetheless The Naked Lunch remained the title used for the 1968 and 1974 Corgi Books editions, and the novel is often known by the alternative name, especially in the UK where these editions circulated.

" The title means exactly what the words say: naked lunch, a frozen moment when everyone sees what is on the end of every fork." Although scholarly research tends to point toward Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'herbe (The Luncheon on the Grass) of 1863 as Burrough's inspiration for the title.

For the next five years, Burroughs used the title to refer to a three-part work made up of 'Junk,' 'Queer' and 'Yage,' corresponding to his first three manuscripts, before it came to describe the book later published as Naked Lunch, which was based largely on his 1957 'Interzone' manuscript.

Naked Lunch. Naked Lunch. Grove Atlantic. ISBN 0

He states that Ginsberg misread "Naked Lust" from the manuscript, and only he noticed.

Naked Lunch (sometimes The Naked Lunch) is a 1959 novel by American writer William S. Burroughs.

Burroughs states in his introduction that Jack Kerouac suggested the title.

The original title of the Naked Lunch was different.


They were killed in May 1934 during an ambush by police near Gibsland, Louisiana.

Bonnie Elizabeth Parker was born in 1910 in Rowena, Texas, the second of three children.

Armed robbery and murder | 1932: Early robberies and murders

On April 19, Parker and Fults were captured in a failed hardware store burglary in Kaufman in which they had intended to steal firearms.

Barrow was first arrested in late 1926, at age 17, after running when police confronted him over a rental car that he had failed to return on time.

On October 11, they allegedly killed Howard Hall at his store during a robbery in Sherman, Texas, though some historians consider this unlikely.

Parker was released from jail in a few months, after the grand jury failed to indict her; Fults was tried, convicted, and served time.

Clyde Chestnut Barrow was born in 1909 into a poor farming family in Ellis County, Texas, southeast of Dallas.

As an adult, Bonnie wrote poems such as "The Story of Suicide Sal" and "The Trail's End", the latter more commonly known as "The Story of Bonnie and Clyde".

In his post-Eastham career, Barrow robbed grocery stores and gas stations at a rate far outpacing the ten or so bank robberies attributed to him and the Barrow Gang.

He never rejoined the gang. On April 30, Barrow was the getaway driver in a robbery in Hillsboro during which store owner J.N. Bucher was shot and killed.

Armed robbery and murder | 1934: Final run

The resultant arrest warrant for the Campbell murder specified "Clyde Barrow, Bonnie Parker and John Doe".

Bonnie and Clyde were murdered by police in Rowena, Texas after a failed store robbery.


A lampooning of intellectual fashions in classical Athens, it was originally produced at the City Dionysia in 423 BC and was not as well received as the author had hoped, coming last of the three plays competing at the festival that year.

Thus the original production of The Clouds in 423 BC came at a time when Athens was looking forward to a period of peace.

Aristophanes however had singled Cleon out for special treatment in his previous play The Knights in 424 and there are relatively few references to him in The Clouds.

A typical Aristophanic Chorus, even if it starts out as hostile to the protagonist, is the protagonist's cheer squad by the end of the play.

In The Clouds however, the Chorus appears sympathetic at first but emerges as a virtual antagonist by the end of the play.

The Chorus then resumes its appearance as clouds, promising divine favours if the audience punishes Cleon for corruption and rebuking Athenians for messing about with the calendar, since this has put Athens out of step with the moon.

Strepsiades, having thought up a plan to get out of debt, wakes the youth gently and pleads with him to do something for him.

The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia.

Socrates moreover had distinguished himself from the crowd by his heroism in the retreat from the Battle of Delium and this might have further singled him out for ridicule among his comrades.

Agon: The play has two agons.

The Clouds is a play that was not well liked when it came out.


An orange top she wore in Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind was auctioned in 2004 for a fund-raising event at Helen & Douglas House, a hospice in Oxford.

Career | 1997–2003: Stardom with Titanic and small-scale features

If", which proved to be a commercial hit; she donated her earnings from it to children's charities.

She claimed £10,000 in damages, and donated the amount to an eating disorder charity.

Winslet supports several charities and causes.

Winslet admitted to being heartbroken by the split, but affirmed her determination to look after her children in spite of her marital breakups.

Winslet is known for her willingness to perform nude scenes, having done so in 12 of her films, although she considers its contribution to the narrative before agreeing to it.

She performed the song " What If" for the soundtrack of her film Christmas Carol: The Movie (2001).

Career | 2012–present: Critical disappointments, a film series, and Steve Jobs

Her next film, an adaptation of the Australian gothic novel The Dressmaker, was described by the director Jocelyn Moorhouse as being reminiscent of the western Unforgiven (1992).

A journalist for Elle believes her choices reflect the "soul and attitude of a jobbing actress, trapped in the body of a movie star".

Winslet's third film release of 2001 was the animated film Christmas Carol: The Movie, based on Charles Dickens' novel.

In 2006, she became a patron of a Gloucester-based charity, the Family Haven, which provides counselling services to vulnerable families.

Winslet has donated some props or clothing from movies she has done so that they can be sold for charities.


It is a colourless, odourless, and viscous liquid that is soluble in water and is synthesized in reactions that are highly exothermic.

Physical properties | Grades of sulfuric acid

Technical grade H2SO4 is impure and often colored, but is suitable for making fertilizer.

This acidic water is capable of dissolving metals present in sulfide ores, which results in brightly colored, toxic solutions.

Physical properties | Polarity and conductivity

Anhydrous H2SO4 is a very polar liquid, having a dielectric constant of around 100.

Moreover, as concentrated sulfuric acid has a strong dehydrating property, it can remove tissue paper via dehydrating process as well.

Sumerians had a list of types of vitriol that they classified according to the substances' color.

Moreover, its strong oxidizing property makes it highly corrosive to many metals and may extend its destruction on other materials.

Chemical properties | Reaction with water and dehydrating property

Because the hydration reaction of sulfuric acid is highly exothermic, dilution should always be performed by adding the acid to the water rather than the water to the acid.

Because the hydration of sulfuric acid is thermodynamically favorable and the affinity of it for water is sufficiently strong, sulfuric acid is an excellent dehydrating agent.

Similarly, mixing starch into concentrated sulfuric acid will give elemental carbon and water as absorbed by the sulfuric acid (which becomes slightly diluted).

Because the reaction is in an equilibrium that favors the rapid protonation of water, addition of acid to the water ensures that the acid is the limiting reagent.

Sulfuric Acid does not have a color and an odor moreover, it is insoluble in water.


The unconventional Father Charles "Chuck" O'Malley is assigned to St. Mary's parish, which includes a run-down inner-city school building on the verge of being condemned.

The Bells of St. Mary's (1945) is an American drama film, produced and directed by Leo McCarey and starring Bing Crosby and Ingrid Bergman.

the title of The Bells of St. Mary's appears on the marquee of a movie theater in Bedford Falls, New York.

"The Bells of St. Mary's placed fourth on Film Daily's year-end nationwide poll of 559 critics naming the best films of 1946.

Written by Dudley Nichols and based on a story by Leo McCarey, the film is about a priest and a nun who, despite their good-natured rivalry, try to save their school from being shut down.

" In the Land of Beginning Again" and "The Bells of St. Mary's" both charted briefly also.

"The Bells of St. Mary's" sung by Bing Crosby and choir Bing Crosby recorded four of the songs for Decca Records and these were issued as singles as well as a 2-disc 78 rpm album titled Selections from The Bells of St. Mary's.

There were two radio adaptations of The Bells of St. Mary's on The Screen Guild Theater radio program.

In The Godfather (1972), Michael and Kay see The Bells of St. Mary's at Radio City Music Hall.

In the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life, in which Henry Travers, a co-star of The Bells of St. Mary's, played the guardian angel,

A television adaptation on videotape of The Bells of St. Mary's was shown in 1959, starring Claudette Colbert, Marc Connelly, Glenda Farrell, Nancy Marchand, Barbara Myers, Robert Preston, and Charles Ruggles.

The Bells of St. Mary's is a book about a priest and a nun which became a movie and had a character named Jimmy O'Toole.


Numerous English translations of the work have been made, the first by William Caxton in 1480.

The Metamorphoses (Latin: Metamorphōseōn librī: "Books of Transformations") is an 8 AD Latin narrative poem by the Roman poet Ovid, considered his magnum opus.

The next significant translation was by George Sandys, produced from 1621–6, which set the poem in heroic couplets, a metre that would subsequently become dominant in vernacular English epic and in English translations.

The full appearance of the Metamorphoses in English translation (sections had appeared in the works of Chaucer and Gower) coincides with the beginning of printing, and traces a path through the history of publishing.

In 1994, a collection of translations and responses to the poem, entitled After Ovid: New Metamorphoses,  was produced by numerous contributors in emulation of the process of the Garth volume.

In 1567, Arthur Golding published a translation of the poem that would become highly influential, the version read by Shakespeare and Spenser.

Translation of the Metamorphoses after this period was comparatively limited in its achievement; the Garth volume continued to be printed into the 1800s, and had "no real rivals throughout the nineteenth

century". Around the later half of the 20th century a greater number of translations appeared as literary translation underwent a revival.

Among other English writers for whom the Metamorphoses was an inspiration are John Milton—who made use of it in Paradise Lost, considered his magnum opus, and evidently knew it well—and Edmund Spenser.

William Caxton produced the first translation of the text on 22 April 1480; set in prose, it is a literal rendering of a French translation known as the Ovide Moralisé.

Metamorphoses is a narrative poem that has had English translations made.


The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane.

This series was started in 1978 and was originally called Occasional Papers.

As part of its very large website, the museum has the largest online database of objects in the collection of any museum in the world, with 2,000,000 individual object entries, 650,000 of them illustrated, online at the start of 2012.

Departments | Department of the Middle East

The Achaemenid collection was enhanced with the addition of the Oxus Treasure in 1897 and objects excavated by the German scholar Ernst Herzfeld and the Hungarian-British explorer Sir Aurel Stein.

The British Museum Press (BMP) is the publishing business and a division of the British Museum Company Ltd., a company and a charity (established in 1973) wholly owned by the trustees of the British Museum.

Departments | Department of Egypt and Sudan

Antiquities from excavations started to come to the museum in the latter part of the 19th century as a result of the work of the Egypt Exploration Fund under the efforts of E.A. Wallis Budge.

Profits from their sales goes to support the British Museum.

The original 1753 collection has grown to over 13 million objects at the British Museum, 70 million at the Natural History Museum and 150 million at the British Library.

Today the museum no longer houses collections of natural history, and the books and manuscripts it once held now form part of the independent British Library.

The Reading Room closed in 1997 when the national library (the British Library) moved to a new building at St Pancras.

The Great Court, opened in 2000, while undoubtedly improving circulation around the museum, was criticised for having a lack of exhibition space at a time when the museum was in serious financial difficulties and many galleries were closed to the public.

The British Museum was started by a German cobbler.


Charlie Parker Jr. was born in Kansas City, Kansas at 852 Freeman Avenue, and raised in Kansas City, Missouri near Westport and later – in high school – near 15th and Olive Street.

"Addie" Bailey, who was of mixed Choctaw and African American background.

The Annual Charlie Parker Celebration is an annual festival held in Kansas City, Kansas since 2014.

In 1940, he returned to Kansas City to perform with Jay McShann and to attend the funeral of his father, Charles, Sr.

In late spring 1936, Parker played at a jam session at the Reno Club in Kansas City.

In the fall of 1936, Parker traveled with a band from Kansas City to the Ozarks for the opening of Clarence Musser's Tavern south of Eldon, Missouri.

It is even less cool to ask 'Who is Bird?'" A memorial to Parker was dedicated in 1999 in Kansas City at 17th Terrace and The Paseo, near the American Jazz Museum located at 18th and Vine, featuring a 10-foot (3 m) tall bronze head sculpted by Robert Graham.

On November 30, 1949, Norman Granz arranged for Parker to record an album of ballads with a mixed group of jazz and chamber orchestra musicians.

He played with local bands in jazz clubs around Kansas City, Missouri, where he perfected his technique, with the assistance of Buster Smith, whose dynamic transitions to double and triple time influenced Parker's developing style.

Streets was given the honorary designation "Charlie Parker Place" in 1992.

Charlie Parker was born in Kansas City, Kansas, and was of mixed Choctaw and African American background.


Dmitriy Dmitrievich Shostakovich, pronounced [ˈdmʲitrʲɪj ˈdmʲitrʲɪjɪvʲɪtɕ ʂəstɐˈkovʲɪtɕ]; (25 September [O.S. 12 September] 1906 – 9 August 1975) was a Russian composer and pianist.

Even before the Stalinist anti-Semitic campaigns in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Shostakovich showed an interest in Jewish themes.

He was further inspired to write with Jewish themes when he examined Moisei Beregovski's 1944 thesis on Jewish folk music.

In 1948, Shostakovich acquired a book of Jewish folk songs, from which he composed the song cycle From Jewish Folk Poetry.

Examples of works that included Jewish themes are the Fourth String Quartet (1949), the First Violin Concerto (1948), and the Four Monologues on Pushkin Poems (1952), as well as the Piano Trio in E minor (1944).

He was intrigued by Jewish music's "ability to build a jolly melody on sad intonations".

He initially wrote eight songs meant to represent the hardships of being Jewish in the Soviet Union.

From Jewish Folk Poetry could not be performed until after Stalin's death in March 1953, along with all the other works that were forbidden.

Shostakovich continued to compose chamber music, notably his Second Piano Trio (Op. 67), dedicated to the memory of Sollertinsky, with a bittersweet, Jewish-themed totentanz finale.

To disguise this, he added three more meant to demonstrate the great life Jews had under the Soviet regime.

Despite his efforts to hide the real meaning in the work, the Union of Composers refused to approve his music in 1949 under the pressure of the anti-Semitism that gripped the country.

Dmitry Shostakovich was a Ukrainian cellist who showed interest in Jewish themes.