The Manhattan side's caisson is slightly larger, measuring 172 by 102 feet (52 by 31 m) and located 78.5 feet (23.9 m) below high water, while the Brooklyn side's caisson measures 168 by 102 feet (51 by 31 m) and is located 44.5 feet (13.6 m) below high water.

The bridge's two suspension towers are 278 feet (85 m) tall with a footprint of 140 by 59 feet (43 by 18 m) at the high water line.

Steve Brodie supposedly dropped from underneath the bridge in July 1886 and was briefly arrested for it, though there is some doubt about whether he actually jumped.

While construction started in 1870, numerous controversies and the novelty of the designed construction process caused the actual construction to be prolonged over thirteen years.

History | Mid- to late 20th century | Deterioration and late-20th century repair

Additional problems persisted, and in 1993, high levels of lead were discovered near the bridge's towers.

However, the ornamentation on the Brooklyn tower could not be completed until the Manhattan tower was finished.

Notable events | Anniversary celebrations

The 125th anniversary of the bridge's opening was celebrated by a five-day event on May 22–26, 2008, which included a live performance by the Brooklyn Philharmonic, a special lighting of the bridge's towers, and a fireworks display.

The Manhattan tower contains 46,945 cubic yards (35,892 m3) of masonry, while the Brooklyn tower has 38,214 cubic yards (29,217 m3) of masonry.

The tower was substantially finished by December 1874 with the erection of saddle plates for the main cables at the top of the tower.

The last stone on the Brooklyn tower was raised in June 1875 and the Manhattan tower was completed in July 1876.

Most of the timber used in the bridge's construction, including in the caissons, came from mills at Gascoigne Bluff on St. Simons Island, Georgia.

The Bridge's towers are not actually symmetrical.


Schoendienst was born in Germantown, Illinois, approximately 40 miles (64 km) east of downtown St. Louis to Joe and Mary Schoendienst, one of seven children.

He also had 10 grandchildren (though two predeceased him), and seven great-grandchildren.

Many doctors recommended removal of the eye, but eventually Red found one willing to pursue non-surgical treatment.

His father was a coal miner, and the family lived without running water or electricity.

To solve the problem, he used the left-handed batting skills he acquired as a youth to become a switch hitter.

Despite being told that he would never play again, he returned to the Braves in 1960—only to be released at the end of the season.

Albert Fred "Red" Schoendienst (; February 2, 1923 – June 6, 2018) was an American professional baseball second baseman, coach, and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB), and is largely known for his coaching, managing, and playing years with the St. Louis Cardinals.

Schoendienst, Red; Rains, Bob (1998).

Red: A Baseball Life (Hardcover ed.).

Coaching and managerial career (1964–2018)

He was also a member of three teams that lost the Series after leading three games to one: the 1958 Milwaukee Braves (to the Yankees), the 1968 Cardinals (to the Detroit Tigers), and the 1985 Cardinals (to the Kansas City Royals).

Red was used to large families because he was one of 7 and ended up having 7 great grand kids.


Development of Pinterest began in December 2009, and the site launched the prototype as a closed beta in March 2010.

In 2012, a report found that 83% of the global users were women.

Pinterest has largely appealed to women, especially its early user base.

Terms were not disclosed. In early October 2013, Pinterest acquired Hackermeter.

On March 8, 2017, Pinterest said it had acquired Jelly Industries, a small search-engine company founded by Biz Stone.

The launch of an iPhone app in early March 2011, brought in more downloads than expected.

Content can also be found outside Pinterest and similarly uploaded to a board via the "Save" button, which can be downloaded to the bookmark bar on a web browser, or be implemented by a webmaster directly on the website.

In early May 2012, the site added automatic attribution of authors on images originating from Flickr, Behance, YouTube and Vimeo.

Originally it was based in Palo Alto before moving in 2012.In early 2011, the company secured a US$10 million Series A financing led by Jeremy Levine and Sarah Tavel of Bessemer Venture Partners.

Features and content | Pinterest Analytics

Pinterest Analytics is much like Google Analytics.

The "Most Clicked" tab in Pinterest Analytics demonstrates products that are more likely to sell.

Pinterest was founded in the early 2000s.


An 1800 inventory also listed a tiger, leopards, a hyena, a large baboon, various types of monkeys, wolves and "other animals".

The tradition of housing the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London probably dates from the reign of Henry III (1216–1272).

Despite popular fiction, the Tower of London never had a permanent torture chamber, although the basement of the White Tower housed a rack in later periods.

A truce was agreed with the condition that the King hand over control of the Tower once again.

During the Second World War, the Tower was once again used to hold prisoners of war.

Although under-garrisoned, the Tower resisted and the siege was lifted once John signed the Magna Carta.

Once her support waned, the following year he resold his loyalty to Stephen.

The castle was once again besieged in 1460, this time by a Yorkist force.

At the western corners of the building are square towers, while to the north-east a round tower houses a spiral staircase.

The innermost ward encloses an area immediately south of the White Tower, stretching to what was once the edge of the River Thames.

The Jewel House was demolished, and the Crown Jewels moved to Martin Tower.

The Tower of London once had reptiles housed there.


D'Artagnan, who seemed to have a promising career ahead of him at the end of The Three Musketeers, has for twenty years remained a lieutenant, and seems unlikely to progress despite his ambition and the debt the queen owes him.

Having determined that d'Artagnan is the man he seeks, Mazarin enters the chambers of the Queen to let her know that he has enlisted the man who had served her so well twenty years earlier.

Twenty Years After (French: Vingt ans après) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas, first serialized from January to August 1845.

Milady's son, Mordaunt, now twenty-three, reprises his role as one of the chief antagonists, and sets about avenging his mother's death.

, Dumas comes out on the side of the monarchy in general, or at least the text often praises the idea of benevolent royalty.

As this is going on, Raoul is travelling to join the army.

Once they have learned the location of the Spanish army, they set out for battle, Raoul accompanying the Prince.

After the fight, they find a man close to death who requests the last rites.

The champion of the French populace and parliament, Pierre Broussel, is arrested, but then released when it becomes clear that his imprisonment has only served to stir the crowd up worse.

The dying man reveals that he was the executioner of Béthune and confesses his part in the execution of Milady de Winter.

Twenty Years After is about a man that served as a general in the army for twenty years.


Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake.

Blake was also a painter before the creation of Songs of Innocence and Experience and had painted such subjects as Oberon, Titania, and Puck dancing with fairies.

David Axelrod produced two solo albums, Song of Innocence (1968) and Songs of Experience (1969) which were homages to the mystical poetry and paintings of William Blake.

The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience.

The poems were published in 1794 (see 1794 in poetry).

Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789.

Some of the poems, such as "The Little Girl Lost" and "The Little Girl Found", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books.

Popular rock group U2 released an album called Songs of Innocence in 2014, and followed it in 2017 with Songs of Experience.

William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience edited with an introduction and notes by Andrew Lincoln, and select plates from other copies.

The songs reproduced were Introduction, Infant Joy, The Lamb, Laughing Song and Nurse's Song from Songs of Innocence, and Introduction, The Clod & the Pebble, The Tyger, The Sick Rose, Nurses Song and Infant Sorrow from Songs of Experience.

Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a painting about fairies dancing as a homage to mystical poetry.


" Observing Japan's response to the Western powers

During the Restoration, Japan rapidly industrialized and adopted western ideas and production methods.

The leaders of the Meiji Restoration, as this revolution came to be known, acted in the name of restoring imperial rule to strengthen Japan against the threat of being colonized represented by the colonial powers of the day, bringing to an end the era known as sakoku (the foreign relations policy, lasting about 250 years, prescribing the death penalty for foreigners entering or Japanese nationals leaving the country).

Japan's economic powers are a major influence on the industrial factor of its country as well.

These two leaders supported the Emperor Kōmei (Emperor Meiji's father) and were brought together by Sakamoto Ryōma for the purpose of challenging the ruling Tokugawa shogunate (bakufu) and restoring the Emperor to power.

This forced (or allowed) the Emperor to strip Yoshinobu of all power, setting the stage for official restoration.

This period also saw Japan change from being a feudal society to having a market economy and left the Japanese with a lingering influence of Modernity.

, Chinese general Li Hongzhang considered Japan to be China's "principal security threat" as early as 1863, five years before the Meiji Restoration.

This was effectively the "restoration" (Taisei Hōkan) of imperial rule – although Yoshinobu still had significant influence and it was not until January 3, the following year, with the young Emperor's edict, that the restoration fully occurred.

The Japanese knew they were behind the great Western powers when US Commodore Matthew C. Perry came to Japan in 1853 in large warships with armaments and technology that far outclassed those of Japan with the intent to conclude a treaty that would open up Japanese ports to trade.

1.^ Although the political system was consolidated under the Emperor, power was mainly transferred to a group of people, known as the Meiji oligarchy (and Genrō), who helped in the restoration of imperial power.

The restoration wasn't influenced by any outside powers.


The Mets were puzzled by Alomar's mediocre play, which some attributed to his lack of comfort with being under the greater scrutiny of the New York fans and media.

Some baseball writers expressed shock that he failed to get in on the first ballot, but many attributed the near-miss to sportswriters holding a grudge over the 1996 spitting incident with John Hirschbeck, including Alomar's brother Sandy Jr. and Hirschbeck himself.

Career | Baltimore Orioles | Spitting incident

On September 27, 1996, during a game against the Blue Jays, Alomar got into a heated argument over a called third strike with umpire John Hirschbeck and spat in his face.

In each of his five seasons with the Blue Jays, Alomar was named to the All-Star team and won the Gold Glove Award.

Alomar signed with the Orioles after the 1995 season, led the team to two ALCS appearances, and won the 1998 All-Star Game MVP Award in his final year with the team.

On December 21, 1995, Alomar signed with the Baltimore Orioles at a time when Toronto was looking to rebuild, while Baltimore was improving into a pennant-contending team.

In 1991, he capitalized on his speed with 11 triples and 53 stolen bases, leading the team to its first of three consecutive playoff appearances.

He then joined the Indians for three seasons and had the most productive years of his career in 1999 and 2001, again leading his team to the playoffs and becoming an AL MVP Award finalist both years.

Alomar finished third in AL MVP voting in 1999 and fourth in 2001.On the field, Alomar teamed with shortstop Omar Vizquel to form another decorated middle infield combination.

He made his major league debut with the team three years later, establishing himself as an exceptional base-stealing, hitting, and fielding threat before becoming an All-Star in 1990.

In Baltimore, he paired with Hall of Famer Cal Ripken Jr. to form a formidable double-play combination.

Roberto Alomar played for seven teams over the course of his career.


Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner.

Lee finally ends the affair during the second Thanksgiving, explaining that she is finished waiting for him to commit and that she has started dating someone else.

After borrowing money from Hannah, she starts a catering business with April, a friend and fellow actress.

They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own.

Ultimately, a suicide attempt leads him to find meaning in his life after unexpectedly viewing the Marx Brothers' Duck Soup in a movie theater.

In both films, a large theatrical family gather for three successive years' celebrations (Thanksgiving in Allen's film, Christmas in Bergman's).

Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million.

The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters.

He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce.

Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her.

The Hannah and Her Sisters movie starts and finishes with a Christmas supper.


It is about a deaf man named John Singer and the people he encounters in a 1930s mill town in the US state of Georgia.

“Deep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.”

The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication.

A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.

British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter.

Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's "devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men." Rich stated that Spiros's status as a "deaf mute" "signals that his role[...]is associated with government" and serves as an "arm" of it.

The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years.

Dr. Benedict Mady Copeland Dr. Copeland is estranged from his family due to his focus on what Hamilton calls "his love to man", and Hamilton described him as "agnostic".

A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of "Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties," wrote that the book "still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works." Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel "essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love—in short, to become mature." The title comes from the poem "The Lonely Hunter" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym "Fiona MacLeod".

Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships.

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about a deaf man.


Hawthorne was encouraged by friend Horatio Bridge to collect these previously anonymous stories; Bridge offered $250 to cover the risk of the publication.

Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

She sent copies of the collection to William Wordsworth as well as to Horace Mann, hoping that Mann could get Hawthorne a job writing stories for schoolchildren.

He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they "rivet the attention" of the reader.

The House of the Seven Gables; and another short story, "Rappaccini's Daughter".

The three stories were: "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment", which actually was one of the "Twice-Told Tales"; the Hawthorne novel

The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name.

In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories.

Poe particularly praised Hawthorne's originality as "remarkable".

Editor John L. O'Sullivan suggested Hawthorne buy back unsold copies of Twice-Told Tales so that they could be reissued through a different publisher.

The short story collection by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Twice-Told Tales, had originally published the stories in the collection anonymously.


More than 300 visual effects artists worked on the show by season 8.

The series utilizes several simultaneous plot lines.

Reception and achievements | Critical response

Critical reception for season 8 was again negative.

At a 2015 Oxford Union panel discussion, series co-creator David Benioff said that he was just glad that people watched the series; illegally downloaded episodes sometimes interested viewers enough to buy a copy, especially in countries where Game of Thrones was not televised.

For the second season, the series received a 15 percent budget increase for the climactic battle in "Blackwater" (which had an $8 million budget).

Additional producers for season four included Canadian-based Rodeo FX, German-based Scanline VFX and US-based BAKED FX.

Production | Visual effects | Title sequence

Its composition changes as the story progresses, with new locations replacing those featuring less prominently or not at all.

Other media and products | Successor series | Bloodmoon

On June 8, 2018, HBO commissioned a pilot to a Game of Thrones prequel series from Goldman as showrunner and Martin

Filming for season 8 began in October 2017 and concluded in July 2018.

Other media and products | Accompanying material

The program documented the production of season 8 along with read-throughs and interviews with the cast.

Season 8 of the televised series utilized the talents of less than 50 VFX people.


Gravity was produced entirely in the United Kingdom, where British visual effects company Framestore spent more than three years creating most of the film's visual effects, which make up over 80 of its 91 minutes.

Gravity is a 2013 science fiction thriller film directed by Alfonso Cuarón, who also co-wrote, co-edited and produced the film.

Although Gravity is often referred to in the media, and thus also by this article, as a science fiction film, Cuarón told BBC that he sees the film rather as "a drama of a woman in space".

When a bad science fiction movie comes out, no one bothers to ask me if it reminded me of the real thing." Former astronaut Chris Hadfield was critical of Gravity's portrayal of astronauts, particularly its depiction of Bullock's character, saying "When she's faced with a problem, she's panicking and has no idea what to do.

Empire Online, AskMen and The Huffington Post also considered Gravity to be one of the best space films ever made, though The Huffington Post later included Gravity on their list of "8 Movies from the Last 15 Years That Are Super Overrated".

This made Gravity rank second on Metacritic's Film Critic

Rather than using the medium as a gimmick, Gravity uses it to depict a real environment that is completely alien to most people.

The metaphor was already so obvious." Made on a production budget of $100 million, Gravity was filmed digitally on multiple Arri Alexa cameras.

And after going on all fours she's a bit curved until she is completely erect.

It also made the production period much longer than expected.

Other critics made connections with 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968).

Gravity is a science fiction movie that was completely made in Europe.


He currently serves as a special assistant to the Blue Jays organization.

, Henry Aaron was the other." He became only the third Puerto Rican to be elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, after Roberto Clemente and Orlando Cepeda, and has since been joined by Iván Rodríguez and Edgar Martínez.

On November 12, 2013, Alomar launched a baseball equipment line, Alomar Baseball.

Roberto "Robbie" Alomar Velázquez (; Spanish pronunciation: [aloˈmaɾ]; born February 5, 1968) is a Puerto Rican former Major League Baseball (MLB) player who played for the San Diego Padres, Toronto Blue Jays, Baltimore Orioles, Cleveland Indians, New York Mets, Chicago White Sox, and Arizona Diamondbacks (1988–2004).

Alomar's game-tying, ninth-inning home run against Oakland relief ace Dennis Eckersley,

The son of Santos "Sandy" Alomar Sr. and María Velázquez, Alomar grew up in a baseball family.

On June 19, 2010, Alomar was inducted into the Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame in St. Marys, Ontario.

He was a central figure in Toronto's World Series championships in 1992 and 1993; in Game 6 of the 1992 World Series, he scored the series-winning run on Dave Winfield's two-run double in the 11th inning.

In 2011, Alomar was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame, becoming the first Hall of Fame member to be depicted as a Blue Jays player on his plaque.

In 1998, he was named the Major League Baseball (MLB) All-Star Game MVP.

The 2011 Caribbean Series was dedicated to him, which was followed by his induction into the Caribbean Baseball Hall of Fame.

Roberto Alomar is still working in baseball.


There was substantial opposition to the bridge's construction from shipbuilders and merchants located to the north, who argued that the bridge would not provide sufficient clearance underneath for ships.

In 1919, Giorgio Pessi piloted what was then one of the world's largest airplanes, the Caproni Ca.5, under the bridge.

: that section of Park Row ran under One Police Plaza, the NYPD headquarters.

At the time of opening, the Brooklyn Bridge was not yet complete; the proposed public transit across the bridge was still being tested, while the Brooklyn approach was being completed.

History | Late 19th through early 20th centuries

Although a second deck for the Brooklyn Bridge was proposed, it was thought to be infeasible because doing so would overload the bridge's structural capacity.

Steve Brodie supposedly dropped from underneath the bridge in July 1886 and was briefly arrested for it, though there is some doubt about whether he actually jumped.

All four main cables were being strung by that July.

It is not the work of any one man or of any one age.

History | Mid- to late 20th century | Upgrades

During the construction project, one roadway at a time was closed, allowing reduced traffic flows to cross the bridge in one direction only.

This is because John Roebling designed the Brooklyn Bridge's truss system to be six to eight times as strong as he thought it needed to be.

Two years later, the Brooklyn Bridge trustees agreed to a plan where trolleys could run across the bridge under ten-year contracts.

There was actually a faction of seamen opposed to the bridge based on how hard they thought it would be to fit boats under it.


His family was long settled in Yorkshire.

The whole was revised by Wycliffe's younger contemporary John Purvey in 1388.

The books and tracts of Wycliffe's last six years include continual attacks upon the papacy and the entire hierarchy of his times.

Wycliffe's influence was never greater than at the moment when pope and antipope sent their ambassadors to England to gain recognition for themselves.

Wycliffe's Bible appears to have been completed by 1384, additional updated versions being done by Wycliffe's assistant John Purvey and others in 1388 and 1395.

Even in Wycliffe's time the "Lollards" had reached wide circles in England and preached "God's law, without which no one could be justified." In the years before his death in 1384 he increasingly argued for Scriptures as the authoritative centre of Christianity, that the claims of the papacy were unhistorical, that monasticism was irredeemably corrupt, and that the moral unworthiness of priests invalidated their office and sacraments.

It was forbidden from that time to hold these opinions or to advance them in sermons or in academic discussions.

The incident was typical of the ongoing rivalry between monks and secular clergy at Oxford at this time.

For this reason the Wycliffites in England were often designated by their opponents as "Bible men".

John of Gaunt most likely had his own reasons for opposing the wealth and power of the clergy.

The masses, some of the nobility, and his former protector, John of Gaunt, rallied to him.

John Wycliffe's ancestors were in Northern England for a good amount of time.


Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, Game of Thrones has a large ensemble cast and follows several story arcs.

Game of Thrones is based roughly on the storylines of A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin, set in the fictional Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and the continent of Essos.

Notable events of that period include the foundation of powerful Houses, the Long Night when the White Walkers first descended upon Westeros, and the Andal Invasion when the Andals invaded from Essos and conquered most of Westeros.

Entertainment Weekly named the title sequence one of the best on television, calling it a "all-inclusive cruise of Westeros".

Other media and products | Successor series

He ruled out Robert's Rebellion (the overthrow of Daenerys' father by Robert Baratheon) as a possible idea and revealed that some may be set outside Westeros.

Each season's Blu-ray and DVD set contains several short animated sequences narrated by the cast as their characters as they detail events in the history of Westeros.

One arc is about the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms of Westeros and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the noble dynasties either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from it.

Production | Conception and development | Themes

George R.R. Martin set out to make the story feel more like historical fiction than contemporary fantasy, with less emphasis on magic and sorcery and more on battles, political intrigue, and the characters, believing that magic should be used moderately in the epic fantasy genre.

The third season also returned to Morocco (including the city of Essaouira) to film Daenerys' scenes in Essos.

Characters foreign to Westeros often have a non-British accent.

It was set on the fictional contents of Westeros and Essos.


One unfinished sculpture, if completed, would have been approximately 21 m (69 ft) tall, with a weight of about 145–165 tons (160–182 metric tons).

Moʻai  (listen), or moai (Spanish: moái, Rapa Nui: moʻai, meaning "statue" in Rapa Nui), are monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia between the years 1250 and 1500.

The human figures would be outlined in the rock wall first, then chipped away until only the image was left.

The moʻai are monolithic statues, their minimalist style related to forms found throughout Polynesia.

These figures are believed to have been made after the civilization on Rapa Nui began to collapse, which is why they seem to have a more emaciated appearance to them.

In the nineteenth century, this led to conjecture that the island was the remnant of a sunken continent and that most completed moʻai were under the sea.

Having procured an egg, the contestant swam back and presented it to his sponsor, who then was declared birdman for that year, an important status position." These figures are much smaller than the better-known stone moʻai.

Some completed statues at Rano Raraku were placed there permanently and not parked temporarily awaiting removal.

All but 53 of the more than 900 moʻai known to date were carved from tuff (a compressed volcanic ash) from Rano Raraku, where 394 moʻai in varying states of completion are still visible today.

That idea has long been debunked, and now it is understood that:  Some statues were rock carvings and never intended to be completed.

The purpose of the project is to understand the figures' original use, context, and meaning, with the results being provided to the Rapa Nui families and the island's public agencies that are responsible for conservation and preservation of the moʻai.

Moʻai are monolithic human figures and they were all completed.


Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875), registered at birth as Alexandre César Léopold Bizet, was a French composer of the Romantic era.

She died in 1926; in her will, she established a fund for a Georges Bizet prize, to be awarded annually to a composer under 40 who had "produced a remarkable work within the previous five years".

Life | Early years | Family background and childhood

Georges Bizet was born in Paris on 25 October 1838.

Georges, an only child, showed early aptitude for music and quickly picked up the basics of musical notation from his mother, who probably gave him his first piano lessons.

According to one account, he accused Bizet of plagiarism: "Georges has robbed me!

Georges was interviewed by Joseph Meifred, the horn virtuoso who was a member of the Conservatoire's Committee of Studies.

"In Bizet's family circle, his father Adolphe died in 1886.

He was registered as Alexandre César Léopold, but baptised as "Georges" on 16 March 1840, and was known by this name for the rest of his life.

After its premiere on 3 March 1875, Bizet was convinced that the work was a failure; he died of a heart attack three months later, unaware that it would prove a spectacular and enduring success.

Fromental had left two daughters; the elder, Esther, died in 1864, an event which so traumatised Mme.

Georges Bizet died in his early 40s.


"Jabberwocky" has been translated into numerous languages, as the novel has been translated into 65 languages.

The poem relies on a distortion of sense rather than "non-sense", allowing the reader to infer meaning and therefore engage with narrative while lexical allusions swim under the surface of the poem.

The word "jabberwocky" itself has come to refer to nonsense language.

"It is often now cited as one of the greatest nonsense poems written in the English language, the source for countless parodies and tributes.

It has been suggested that it comes from the Anglo-Cornish word tulgu, 'darkness', which in turn comes from the Cornish language tewolgow 'darkness, gloominess'.

"Jabberwocky" is a nonsense poem written by Lewis Carroll about the killing of a creature named "the Jabberwock".

"Jabberwocky " is considered one of the greatest nonsense poems written in English.

Its playful, whimsical language has given English nonsense words and neologisms such as "galumphing" and "chortle".

She holds a mirror to one of the poems and reads the reflected verse of "Jabberwocky".

According to Jaques and Giddens, it distinguished itself by stressing the humor and nonsense of the poem.

The ballad had been translated into English in blank verse by Carroll's cousin Menella Bute Smedley in 1846, many years before the appearance of the Alice books.

The poem with its subversive nonsensical language allows the user to come to their own conclusions on the appearance of the creature.


Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961 at Park House, Sandringham, Norfolk.

Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August 1997) was a member of the British royal family.

In October 1981, the Prince and Princess visited Wales.

The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground in Kensington Gardens, London

The English text on souvenir sheets issued reads "DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES

Titles, styles, honours and arms | Honours | Honorary military appointments

The Princess of Wales held the following military appointments:   Australia: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Survey Corps Canada: Colonel-in-Chief of the Princess of Wales Own Regiment : Colonel-in-Chief of the West

Diana lost the style "Her Royal Highness" and instead was styled Diana, Princess of Wales.

Rosa 'Princess of Wales', a white blend rose cultivar, is named in honour of Diana.

It was also not sold in the United Kingdom in order to prevent from creating a competition with Rosa 'Princess of Wales'.

The Princess Diana Memorial Austria is the first memorial dedicated to Diana, Princess of Wales, in a German-speaking country.

Public life | Charity work and patronage | Other areas

The Diana Princess of Wales Health Education and Media Centre in Noida, India, was opened in her honour in November 1999, funded by the Diana Princess of Wales Memorial Fund to give social support to the people affected by leprosy and disability.

The Princess of Wales was born outside of Wales.


Set in 1981, it follows Arthur Fleck, a failed stand-up comedian whose descent into insanity and nihilism inspires a violent counter-cultural revolution against the wealthy in a decaying Gotham City.

While the film's premise was inspired by Alan Moore and Brian Bolland's graphic novel Batman: The Killing Joke (1988), which depicts the Joker as a failed stand-up comedian

Despite this, Joker became a major box office success and set records for an October release.

During a Five Star Movement event in October 2019, Italian comedian and politician Beppe Grillo gave a speech wearing the Joker's makeup.

Although Batman himself does not appear in Joker, it ends with the murder of Thomas and Martha, which in the comics inspires Bruce to take on the Batman persona.

Joker premiered at the 76th Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2019, where it won the Golden Lion, and was released in the United States on October 4, 2019.

After the successful release of Wonder Woman (2017), DC Films decided to deemphasize the shared nature of its DC-based film franchise, the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).

Joker is the first live-action theatrical Batman film to receive an R-rating from the Motion Picture Association of America, due to its violent and disturbing content.

Actor Mark Hamill, who has voiced the Joker since the 1992 cartoon Batman: The Animated Series, expressed enthusiasm on Twitter.

Phillips confirmed he was in the process of editing Joker in March 2019.

De Niro said his role in Joker pays homage to his character from The King of Comedy (1983), Rupert Pupkin, who is a comedian obsessed with a talk-show host.

The 2019 film Joker is about a successful comedian who fights Batman.


Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008) was an American actor, film director, producer, race car driver, IndyCar owner, entrepreneur, and philanthropist.

The brand started with salad dressing and has expanded to include pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things.

Paul Newman remained a friend of the company until his death and discussed at numerous times possible productions in which he could star with his wife, Joanne Woodward.

It was produced and directed by David Winters, who co-owned a number of racing cars with Newman.

Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Newman's Own Cookbook.

died on the morning of September 26, 2008, in the company of his family.

He was a co-founder of Newman's Own, a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity.

Shortly after earning his degree, he joined several summer stock companies, most notably the Belfry Players in Wisconsin and the Woodstock Players in Illinois.

Simon & Schuster, 1998; ISBN 0-684-84832-5. Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good.

In 2011 Paul Newman's estate gifted land to Westport to be managed by the Aspetuck Land Trust.

During the 1976 auto racing season, Newman became interested in forming a professional auto racing team and contacted Bill Freeman who introduced Newman to professional auto racing management, and their company specialized in Can-Am, Indy Cars, and other high-performance racing automobiles.

Paul Newman owned a salad dressing company and was the mayor of Los Angeles.


The 2005 film Pride & Prejudice is the most recent film adaptation that closely represents the book.

The 2016 film of Grahame-Smith's adaptation was released starring Lily James, Sam Riley and Matt Smith.

Helen Fielding's 1996 novel Bridget Jones's Diary is also based on Pride and Prejudice; the feature film of Fielding's work, released in 2001, stars Colin Firth, who had played Mr Darcy in the successful 1990s TV adaptation.

Marvel has also published their take on this classic by releasing a short comic series of five issues that stays true to the original storyline.

Adaptations | Film, television and theatre

Some of the notable film versions include that of 1940, starring Greer Garson and Laurence Olivier (based in part on Helen Jerome's 1936 stage adaptation) and that of 2005, starring Keira Knightley (an Oscar-nominated performance) and Matthew Macfadyen.

The novel has inspired a number of other works that are not direct adaptations.

The novel was also adapted for radio, appearing on BBC Radio 4's Book at Bedtime, abridged by Sara Davies and read by Sophie Thompson.

From the large number of letters in the final novel, it is assumed that First Impressions was an epistolary novel.

It was published as a graphic novel in 2010 with artwork by Hugo Petrus.

Austen began writing the novel after staying at Goodnestone Park in Kent with her brother Edward and his wife in 1796.

The latest movie adapted from the novel was released in  2005.


At the age of fifteen on 6 July 1957, McCartney met John Lennon and his band, the Quarrymen, at the St Peter's Church Hall fête in Woolton.

Though McCartney had a strained relationship with Lennon, they briefly became close again in early 1974, and played music together on one occasion.

Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman

She commented, "It was John who interested me at the start.

This was their last time together.

About their relationship, Paul said, "We had a lot of fun together ... just the nature of how we are

McCartney often phoned Lennon, but was apprehensive about the reception he would receive.

The group continues to play together; McCartney has played live with Brian Ray, Rusty Anderson, Abe Laboriel Jr. and Wix Wickens longer than he played live with the Beatles.

Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder

In 1983, McCartney said: "I would not have been as typically human and standoffish as I was if I knew John was going to die.

It seemed a very flippant comment to make." He described his first exchange with Ono after the murder, and his last conversation with Lennon: I talked to Yoko the day after he was killed, and the first thing she said was, "John was really fond of you.

On 24 April 1976, McCartney and Lennon were watching an episode of Saturday Night Live at Lennon's home in the Dakota when Lorne Michaels made a $3,000 cash offer for the Beatles to reunite.

McCartney's last telephone call to Lennon, days before Lennon and Ono released Double Fantasy, was friendly: "[It is] a consoling factor for me, because I do feel it was sad that we never actually sat down and straightened our differences out.

Paul McCartney and John Lennon started playing music together in 1952.


It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945.

The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion.

Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California.

A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney.

In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, "... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book.

The film A Bell for Adano was based on an unpublished auto-biography.


The Brooklyn Bridge, the world's first major steel-wire suspension bridge, uses a hybrid cable-stayed/suspension bridge design, with both horizontal and diagonal suspender cables.

The Brooklyn Bridge is supported by four main cables, which descend from the tops of the suspension towers and help support the deck.

The side spans, between each suspension tower and each side's suspension anchorages, are 930 feet (280 m) long.

This was the first use of bundling in a suspension bridge and took several months for workers to tie together.

The main span between the two suspension towers is 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m) long and 85 feet (26 m) wide.

According to it, the bridge would be longer and taller than any suspension bridge previously built.

However, due to a supplier's fraudulent substitution of inferior-quality cable in the initial construction, the bridge was reappraised at the time as being only four times as strong as necessary.

He had previously designed and constructed shorter suspension bridges, such as Roebling's Delaware Aqueduct in Lackawaxen, Pennsylvania, and the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Covington, Kentucky.

Each side of the bridge contains an anchorage for the main cables.

At the time of construction, engineers had not yet discovered the aerodynamics of bridge construction, and bridge designs were not tested in wind tunnels.

The bridge is a combination of cable and suspension.


Palestinians believed that tunnels were being dug under the Al-Aqsa Mosque in order to undermine its foundations, which was denied by Israelis, who claimed that the closest excavation to the mosque was some 70 meters (230 ft) to its south.

ʔælˈmæsdʒɪd ælˈʔɑqsˤɑ] (listen), "the Farthest Mosque"), located in the Old City of Jerusalem, is the third holiest site in Islam.

History | Earthquakes and reconstructions

The Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam, built the northern porch of the mosque with three gates in 1218.

Al-Aqsa's dome is one of the few domes to be built in front of the mihrab during the Umayyad and Abbasid periods, the others being the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus (715) and the Great Mosque of Sousse (850).

In contrast, Creswell, while referring to the Aphrodito Papyri, claims that Abd al-Malik's son, al-Walid I, reconstructed the Aqsa Mosque over a period of six months to a year, using workers from Damascus.

This site was 60 meters (200 ft) away from the mosque.

Ownership of the al-Aqsa Mosque is a contentious issue in the Israel-Palestinian conflict.

However, Israeli Security Forces are permitted to patrol and conduct searches within the perimeter of the mosque.

Until 2000, non-Muslim visitors could enter the Al-Aqsa Mosque by getting a ticket from the Waqf.

The excavations provoked anger throughout the Islamic world, and Israel was accused of trying to destroy the foundation of the mosque.

The Waqf Ministry of Jordan held control of the al-Aqsa Mosque until the 1967 Six-Day War.

The mosque, Al-Aqsa is situated in Damascus, Syria.


As a child, he reigned as the Xuantong Emperor (pronounced [ɕwántʰʊ̀ŋ], Chinese: 宣統帝; Manchu: ᡤᡝᡥᡠᠩᡤᡝ ᠶᠣᠰᠣ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡩᡳ; Möllendorff: gehungge yoso hūwangdi) in China and Khevt Yos Khaan in Mongolia from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the Xinhai Revolution.

Biography | Emperor of China (1908–1912)

Titled the Xuantong Emperor (Wade-Giles: Hsuan-tung Emperor),

The adults in his life, except for Wang, were all strangers, remote, distant, and unable to discipline him.

When he ruled as Emperor of the Qing Dynasty (and therefore Emperor of China) from 1908 to 1912 and during his brief restoration in 1917, Puyi's era name was "Xuantong", so he was known as the "Xuantong Emperor" (simplified Chinese: 宣统皇帝; traditional Chinese: 宣統皇帝; pinyin: Xuāntǒng Huángdì; Wade–

Puyi himself was not informed in February 1912 that his reign had ended and China was now a republic and continued to believe that he was still Emperor for some time.

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

"Puyi believed Manchukuo was just the beginning, and that within a few years he would again reign as Emperor of China, having the yellow Imperial Dragon robes used for coronation of Qing emperors brought from Beijing to Changchun.

John Lone played the adult Puyi.

Adam Cheng played an adult Puyi.

The Anglo-French journalist Edward Behr wrote about Puyi's powers as emperor of China, which allowed him to fire his air-gun at anyone he liked: The Emperor was Divine.

I was sitting to the right of the Dowager and wondering why the two adults were crying.

As an adult, he reigned as the Xuantong emperor in China.


The group is composed of Niall Horan, Liam Payne, Harry Styles and Louis Tomlinson; former member Zayn Malik departed from the group in 2015.

" Instead, her original idea was for them to be the "male equivalent to the Spice Girls", with each member being a part of the group but still having his own individual style.

-0-00-743625-5 Dare to Dream: Life as One Direction, HarperCollins (15 September 2011) ISBN 978-0-00-744439-7

History | 2013–2014: Midnight Memories and This Is Us

The band embarked on the Where We Are Tour on 25 April 2014, and it was concluded on 5 October 2014.

History | 2020: 10 Years of One Direction

Members Payne, Horan, Tomlinson and Styles also posted on their individual social media pages, thanking their fans and all five current/former members for the support given through the past 10 years.

At 16:00 (GMT+1) on 23 July 2020, One Direction premiered  a 4 minutes and 57 seconds video of memories of One Direction titled "10 Years of One Direction" in celebration of their anniversary.

On 22 July 2020, One Direction posted on their Twitter, Instagram and YouTube accounts a picture with the words "10 Years of One Direction" written in it and the caption "Tomorrow!

They had originally set a goal of raising $500,000 and ended up raising $784,984.

On 23 July 2020, One Direction announced a new website (10yearsof1d.com) for fans to relieve their favourite One Direction memories, but it soon crashed shortly after its announcement due to the high volume of fans entering at once.

Caroline Watson, the band's original stylist, spoke about styling the band, "At the beginning I didn't want them all in black or all in leather—

In an approach pioneered by The Beatles, each member is known for his feature; Horan is "the cute one", Malik is "the quiet and mysterious one", Payne is "the sensible one", Styles is "the charming one" and Tomlinson is "the funny one".

One Direction originally had 5 members.


The name 'Olmec' comes from the Nahuatl word for the Olmecs: Ōlmēcatl [oːlˈmeːkat͡ɬ] (singular) or Ōlmēcah [oːlˈmeːkaʔ] (plural).

This word is composed of the two words ōlli [ˈoːlːi], meaning "natural rubber", and mēcatl [ˈmeːkat͡ɬ], meaning "people", so the word means "rubber people".

It has been speculated that the Olmecs derived in part from the neighboring Mokaya or Mixe–Zoque cultures.

no other Olmec sites come close to these in terms of area or in the quantity and quality of architecture and sculpture.

History of archaeological research | Etymology

A contemporary term sometimes used for the Olmec culture is tenocelome, meaning "mouth of the jaguar".

However, at this time, most archaeologists assumed the Olmec were contemporaneous with the Maya – even Blom and La Farge were, in their own words, "inclined to ascribe them to the Maya culture".

The term "Rubber People" refers to the ancient practice, spanning from ancient Olmecs to Aztecs, of extracting latex from Castilla elastica, a rubber tree in the area.

The name "Olmec" means "rubber people" in Nahuatl, the language of the Nahuas, and was the Aztec Empire term for the people who lived in the Gulf Lowlands in the 15th and 16th centuries, some 2000 years after the Olmec culture died out.

The word "Olmec" derives from the Yucatec term, Olmecatl.


This began Burnside's political career as a Republican, as he had previously been a Democrat before the war [1].

His distinctive style of facial hair became known as sideburns, derived from his last name.

The syllables were later reversed to give sideburns.

Vallandigham was sentenced to imprisonment for the duration of the war and was turned into a martyr by antiwar Democrats.

Burnside, Wisconsin is named for the general.

Burnside ran as a Democrat for one of the Congressional seats in Rhode Island in 1858 and was defeated in a landslide.

He then went west in search of employment and became treasurer of the Illinois Central Railroad, where he worked for and became friendly with George B. McClellan, who later became one of his commanding officers.

Bristol, Rhode Island, has a small street named for Burnside.

Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23, 1824 – September 13, 1881) was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island.

In July, his forces were transported north to Newport News, Virginia and became the IX Corps of the Army of the Potomac.

Ambrose Burnside, the man for who sideburns are named, became a Democrat after the Civil War.


Joseph Lowell Gordon (February 18, 1915 – April 14, 1978), nicknamed "Flash" in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon, was an American second baseman, coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950.

Two of Gordon's grandchildren were present for his induction ceremony.

Gordon's success led to the release of 33-year-old Tony Lazzeri following the 1937 season, and he made his debut with the Yankees in April 1938.

He returned to the Yankees in 1946, which turned out to be his most challenging year in major league baseball.

But the Yankees finished two games behind Detroit, in the only year between 1936 and 1943 that they lost the pennant.

After the Series, Yankees manager Joe McCarthy said, "The greatest all-around ballplayer I ever saw, and I don't bar any of them, is Joe Gordon." Gordon led the Yankees to another pennant in his 1942 MVP season, edging Triple Crown winner Ted Williams of the Boston Red Sox for the award.

As the rest of the Yankees headed to The Bronx to begin the 1946 regular season, Gordon stayed behind in Florida for a month to recover.

With Gordon-ally Joe McCarthy resigning from the Yankees club in May 1946 and following his worst season in baseball, Gordon was in trouble.

As a result, he batted .210 with 11 HR and 47 RBI, much to the displeasure of new Yankees president/general manager Larry MacPhail.

He threw out the final batter of the Series with the tying runs on base in the 2–0 Game 5 victory, with the Yankees taking home another title.

Gordon's nickname was Great Yankee.


He was the son of Irish immigrants Mortimer Connor and Catherine Sullivan Connor.

Roger and Angeline Connor lived in Waterbury, Connecticut, for many years, even while Roger played in New York.

Roger Connor (July 1, 1857 – January 4, 1931) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball (MLB) player.

Near the end of the 19th century, Angeline gave Roger a weather vane which had been constructed from two of his baseball bats.

In June 1902, the local newspaper said, "Roger bobs up every summer and makes his farewell to the baseball public." His 1903 retirement was earnest though; he attended a 1904 Springfield-Norwich game as a retired spectator.

MLB playing career | Early years (1880–1889)

George Vecsey, in The New York Times wrote: "Roger Connor was a complete player — a deft first baseman and an agile base runner who hit 233 triples and stole 244 bases despite his size (6 feet 3 inches and 200 pounds)."He led the NL with a .371 average in 1885.

Connor was born in Waterbury, Connecticut.

MLB playing career | Players' League (1890)

Connor experimented with some changes to his batting style that year.

Connor attracted some attention by wearing eyeglasses on the field.

Connor was inducted to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1976.

Roger Connor had roots from Ireland.


Personal life, family, and reputation | Affairs, extramarital relationships and friendships

Though there has never been any proof of homosexual activity between them, Kennedy would often, and even when married, share a bedroom with his lifelong friend.

Lem Billings was a close and long-time friend of Kennedy and the Kennedy family.

Billings had his own room in which to stay at several of John F. Kennedy's residences.

John F. Kennedy was sworn in as the 35th president at noon on January 20, 1961.

"There's no bluffing." Two decades later, Kennedy and Koehler's stepson, U.S. Senator Claiborne Pell had become good friends and political allies, although they had been acquaintances since the mid-1930s during their "salad days" on the same Newport debutante party "circuit" and when Pell had dated Kathleen ("Kick") Kennedy.

John F. Kennedy's grave is lit with an "Eternal Flame".

U.S. Navy Reserve (1941–1945) | Commanding PT-59

Kennedy's two original medals are currently on display at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.

Congressional career (1947–1960) | Senate (1953–1960)

The U.S. Senator John F. Kennedy Story, which exhibited a day in the life of the Senator and showcased his family life as well as the inner workings of his office to solve Massachusetts-related issues.

"Lem" Billings. During his years at Choate, Kennedy was beset by health problems that culminated with his emergency hospitalization in 1934 at Yale New Haven Hospital, where doctors suspected leukemia.

Personal life, family, and reputation | Wife and children

John Fitzgerald Kennedy Jr., nicknamed "John-John" by the press as a child, was born in late November 1960, 17 days after his father was elected.

According to the JFK Library, "I Have a Rendezvous with Death", by Alan Seeger "was one of John F. Kennedy's favorite poems and he often asked his wife to recite it".

John F. Kennedy would sleep in the same room at night with Lem Billings, a close friend and family acquaintance.


He served as a high-ranking executive, including club president and general manager, with the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Dodgers and New York Yankees, and was a one-third owner of the Yankees from 1945 through 1947.

Returning from the war, MacPhail served as president, co-owner and general manager for the New York Yankees.

Since 1966, Minor League Baseball has annually awarded the Larry MacPhail Award to recognize the top promotional effort by a minor league team.

During World War I, he served as an artillery captain in France and Belgium.

Though he had already quit as chief executive in the Yankee locker room, books by Roger Kahn and others indicate MacPhail's behavior at the victory parties led to co-owners Dan Topping and Del Webb buying out his share of the ballclub.

He held the position for thirteen months, until he was removed from the position and barred entirely from the track; he was accused of "using profanity to three horse owners" and "charged with being drunk and disorderly.

Prior to World War I Larry MacPhail was an executive of a department store in Nashville, Tennessee.

MacPhail's sons and grandsons were also sports executives.

The men decided not to execute the trade after they sobered up.

In 1939, he received the Sporting News Executive of the Year Award.

MacPhail served as a top executive in three MLB franchises.


The young Franco spent much of his childhood with his two brothers, Nicolás and Ramón, and his two sisters, María del Pilar and María de la Paz.

Spain under Franco | Women in Francoist Spain

Until the 1970s women could not open a bank account without having it co-signed by her father or husband.

Deputy Prime Minister Carmen Calvo Poyato stated that having Franco buried at the monument "shows a lack of respect ... for the victims buried there".

Though barred by the Spanish government from being draped in the Spanish flag, Francisco Franco's grandson, also named Francisco Franco, draped his coffin in the nationalist flag.

He was also the second sibling to die, killed in an air accident on a military mission in 1938.Franco's father was a naval officer who reached the rank of vice admiral (intendente general).

He was baptised thirteen days later at the military church of San Francisco, with the baptismal name Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo; Francisco for his paternal grandfather, Paulino for his godfather, Hermenegildo for his maternal grandmother and godmother, and Teódulo for the saint day of his birth.

Military career | Rif War and advancement through the ranks

To his father's chagrin, Francisco decided to try the Spanish Army.

Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born on 4 December 1892 in the Calle Frutos Saavedra in El Ferrol, Galicia.

Franco's parents married in 1890 in the Church of San Francisco in El Ferrol.

Francisco was to follow his father into the Navy, but as a result of the Spanish–American War the country lost much of its navy as well as most of its colonies.

Military career | During the Second Spanish Republic | 1936 general election

Francisco Largo Caballero declared that "the organized proletariat will carry everything before it and destroy everything until we reach our goal".

Francisco Franco did not have siblings.


No copy of the original production survives, and scholarly analysis indicates that the revised version is an incomplete form of Old Comedy.

It was revised between 420 and 417 BC and was thereafter circulated in manuscript form.

Since Cleon died in 422 it can be assumed that this appeal was retained from the original production in 423 and thus the extant play must be a partial revision of the original play.

It is possible that the concealed Chorus was not fully audible to the audience and this might have been a factor in the original play's failure.

Thus the original production of The Clouds in 423 BC came at a time when Athens was looking forward to a period of peace.

During the parabasis proper (lines 518–62), the Chorus reveals that the original play was badly received when it was produced.

The play is unusually serious for an Old Comedy and possibly this was the reason why the original play failed at the City Dionysia.

The scientific speculations of Ionian thinkers such as Thales in the sixth century were becoming commonplace knowledge in Aristophanes' time and this had led, for instance, to a growing belief that civilized society was not a gift from the gods but rather had developed gradually from primitive man's animal-like existence.

The Oxford University Dramatic Society staged it in the original Greek in 1905, with C.W.Mercer as Strepsiades and Compton Mackenzie as Pheidippides.

Superior Argument sides with Justice and the gods, offering to prepare Pheidippides for an earnest life of discipline,  typical of men who respect the old ways; Inferior Argument, denying the existence of Justice, offers to prepare him for a life of ease and pleasure, typical of men who know how to talk their way out of trouble.

There is no original print of the manuscript in existence of The Clouds.


The book begins with a focus on the relationship between two close friends, John Singer and Spiros Antonapoulos.

The two are described as deaf-mutes who have lived together for several years.

“Deep in the heart of Summer, sweet is life to me still, But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill.”

The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter (1940) is the debut novel by the American author Carson McCullers; she was 23 at the time of publication.

A stage adaptation of The Heart Is a Lonely Hunter premiered on March 30, 2005, at the Alliance Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.

British artist Joe Simpson made McCullers's book the centerpiece of his 2014 painting, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter.

Carpenter wrote that Singer's and Antonapoulos's "devotion to each other recalls the desperate attachment of the two lonely ranch hands in Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men." Rich stated that Spiros's status as a "deaf mute" "signals that his role[...]is associated with government" and serves as an "arm" of it.

Hamilton stated that before Antonapolous's mental breakdown, he and Singer are not lonely even though the two had no other significant friendships.

Time included it in "TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005".

A. S. Knowles, Jr., author of "Six Bronze Petals and Two Red: Carson McCullers in the Forties," wrote that the book "still seems to capture [the author's] total sensibility more completely than her other works." Frederic I. Carpenter wrote in The English Journal that the novel "essentially [...] described the struggle of all these lonely people to come to terms with their world, to become members of their society, to find human love—in short, to become mature." The title comes from the poem "The Lonely Hunter" by the Scottish poet William Sharp, who used the pseudonym "Fiona MacLeod".

The Heart is a Lonely Hunter is about two deaf best friends.


Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (Italian: [beˈniːto mussoˈliːni]; 29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party.

Rise to power | Formation of the National Fascist Party

The Fascisti grew rapidly; within two years they transformed themselves into the National Fascist Party at a congress in Rome.

In Mussolini's thinking, demography was destiny; nations with rising populations were nations destined to conquer; and nations with falling populations were decaying powers that deserved to die.

In early 1918 Mussolini called for the emergence of a man "ruthless and energetic enough to make a clean sweep" to revive the Italian nation.

Borrowing the idea first developed by Enrico Corradini before 1914 of the natural conflict between "plutocratic" nations like Britain and "proletarian" nations like Italy, Mussolini claimed that Italy's principal problem was that "plutocratic" countries like Britain were blocking Italy from achieving the necessary spazio vitale that would let the Italian economy grow.

Early life | Beginning of Fascism and service in World War I

Mussolini continued to promote the need of a revolutionary vanguard elite to lead society.

The idea behind Mussolini's foreign policy was that of spazio vitale (vital space), a concept in Fascism that was analogous to Lebensraum in German National Socialism.

Though biological racism was less prominent in Fascism than in National Socialism, right from the start the spazio vitale concept had a strong racist undercurrent.

The couple had a son the following year and named him Benito Albino Mussolini.

Mussolini and the fascists managed to be simultaneously revolutionary and traditionalist; because this was vastly different from anything else in the political climate of the time, it is sometimes described as "The Third Way".

Benito Mussolini lead the National Fascist Party.


All the King's Men is a novel by Robert Penn Warren first published in 1946.

All the King's Men portrays the dramatic and theatrical political rise and governorship of Willie Stark, a cynical, socially liberal socialist in the American South during the 1930s.

Nevertheless, Robert Penn Warren's All the King's Men is magnificently vital reading, a book so charged with dramatic tension

Warren claimed that All the King's Men was "never intended to be a book about politics".

All the King's Men, a movie made based on Warren's novel, was released several months later in 1949.

A Soviet TV adaptation named Vsya Korolevskaya Rat' (All the King's Men) was produced in 1971 by Byelorussian TV.

It is a little graceless of me to call this characteristic unfortunate, and to quarrel with it, for certainly the journalistic relevance of All the King's Men had a good deal to do with what interest it evoked.

In 1947, Warren won the Pulitzer Prize for All the King's Men.

The Sun Also Rises, and The Great Gatsby.

Besides the early verse play version Proud Flesh, Robert Penn Warren has written several stage adaptations of All the King's Men, one of them in close collaboration with famous German theatre director Erwin Piscator in 1947.

All the King's Men was a film about a dramatic and theatrical political rise and governorship of Willie Stark, a cynical, socially liberal socialist.


One of those children, Vladimir Davydov, whom the composer would nickname 'Bob', would become very close to him.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born in Votkinsk, a small town in Vyatka Governorate (present-day Udmurtia) in the Russian Empire, into a family with a long history of military service.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (English:  chy-KOF-skee; Russian: Пётр Ильи́ч Чайко́вский, IPA: [pʲɵtr ɪlʲˈjitɕ tɕɪjˈkofskʲɪj] (listen); 7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic period.

According to Modest Tchaikovsky, this was Pyotr Ilyich's "strongest, longest and purest love".

While Tchaikovsky called her his "best friend" they agreed to never meet under any circumstances.

Life | Civil service; pursuing music | Growing fame; budding opera composer

Between these projects, Tchaikovsky started to compose an opera called Mandragora, to a libretto by Sergei Rachinskii; the only music he completed was a short chorus of Flowers and Insects.

His grandfather, Pyotr Fedorovich Tchaikovsky (né Petro Fedorovych Chaika), was born in the village of Mikolayivka, Poltava Gubernia, Russian Empire (present day Ukraine), and served first as a physician's assistant in the army and later as city governor of Glazov in Vyatka.

Tchaikovsky placed blocks of dissimilar tonal and thematic material alongside one another, with what Keller calls "new and violent contrasts" between musical themes, keys, and harmonies.

And yet, even when writing so-called 'programme' music, for example his Romeo and Juliet fantasy overture, he cast it in sonata form.

Although critics proved hostile, with César Cui calling the symphony "routine" and "meretricious", both works were received with extreme enthusiasm by audiences and Tchaikovsky, undeterred, continued to conduct the symphony in Russia and Europe.

Music | Compositional style | Orchestration

Musicologist Martin Cooper calls this practice a subtle form of unifying a piece of music and adds that Tchaikovsky brought it to a high point of refinement. (For more on this practice, see the next section.) Like other late Romantic composers, Tchaikovsky relied heavily on orchestration for musical effects.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky had a nephew he liked to call Fred.


He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house, and later he became king (Malalas also called him toparch) of Epirus.

While he was in Illyria the Molossians rose in rebellion, drove out Pyrrhus' supporters, and returned Neoptolemus to the throne.

Pyrrhus was raised by Beroea, Glaukias' wife, a Molossian of the Aeacidae dynasty.

Pyrrhus was informed of a plot against his life and decided to strike first.

In 307 BC, Glaukias invaded Epirus and put Pyrrhus on the throne.

Pyrrhus was only eleven years old, so his guardians ruled in his stead until he came of age.

He first isolated Pyrrhus from his traditional ally the Ptolemies, by marrying Arsinoe, the sister of Ptolemy II.

I's stepdaughter Antigone (a daughter of Berenice I of Egypt from her first husband Philip—

When he was seventeen he travelled to the court of Glaukias in Illyria to attend the wedding of one of Glaukias' sons.

This time Glaukias was unable to help him.

Pyrrhus was ruler of the Molossians at first.


The Tempest is a play by William Shakespeare, probably written in 1610–1611, and thought to be one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone.

It is considered one of the last plays that Shakespeare wrote alone.

The Tempest has more music than any other Shakespeare play, and has proved more popular as a subject for composers than most of Shakespeare's plays.

Because of the small role women play in the story in comparison to other Shakespeare plays, The Tempest has attracted much feminist criticism.

Performance history | 20th century and beyond

By the end of 2005, BBC Radio had aired 21 productions of The Tempest, more than any other play by Shakespeare.

Among those who wrote incidental music to The Tempest are:  Arthur Sullivan: his graduation piece, completed in 1861, was a set of incidental music to "The Tempest".

Performance history | Literature and art

As part of Random House's Hogarth Shakespeare series of contemporary reimaginings of Shakespeare plays by contemporary writers, Margaret Atwood's 2016 novel Hag-Seed is based on The Tempest.

The French philosopher Ernest Renan wrote a closet drama, Caliban: Suite de La Tempête (Caliban: Sequel to The Tempest), in 1878.

In 2016 The Tempest was produced by the Royal Shakespeare Company.

Thomas Campbell in 1838 was the first to consider that Prospero was meant to partially represent Shakespeare, but then abandoned that idea when he came to believe that The Tempest was an early play.

The Tempest was the 1st play Shakespeare wrote alone.


Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was first published in 1820.

"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent..

It was rereleased individually in 1958 as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.

With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches.

The Hollow (2004), an ABC Family television film starring Kevin Zegers and Kaley Cuoco, and focusing on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane.

He told her and her family he liked to give his characters the names of people he had met.

The Headless Horseman, said to be a decapitated Hessian soldier, may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of just such a Jäger's headless corpse found in Sleepy Hollow after a violent skirmish, and later buried by the Van Tassel family, in an unmarked grave in the Old Dutch Burying Ground.

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999), a Canadian-American television film directed by Pierre Gang and starring Brent Carver and Rachelle Lefevre.

Bing Crosby recreated his Disney narration in Walt Disney's Ichabod and the Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Decca Records (DAU-725) in 1949.

Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held "Legend Weekend", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow.

The Legend of Sleepy Hollow was composed by the author while he was visiting family in Australia.


The origins of the Roman name Hispania, and the modern España, are uncertain, although the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the region as Spania, therefore the most widely accepted etymology is a Semitic-Phoenician one.

History | Roman Hispania and the Visigothic Kingdom

Euric (466), who put an end to the last remnants of Roman power in the peninsula, may be considered the first monarch of Spain, though the Suebians still maintained their independence in Galicia.

A sizeable portion of foreign residents in Spain also comes from other Western and Central European countries.

Spain is a transcontinental country, having territory in both Europe and Africa.

Athanagild, having risen against King Agila, called in the Byzantines and, in payment for the succour they gave him, ceded to them the maritime places of the southeast (554).

Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician, Greek, Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE, after which the region was named Hispania, based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp(a)n or Spania.

Politics | Administrative divisions | Autonomous communities

The Statutes of Autonomy establish the name of the community according to its historical and contemporary identity, the limits of its territories, the name and organisation of the institutions of government and the rights they enjoy according to the constitution.

Heracles later renounced his throne in preference for his native Greece, leaving his kingdom to his nephew, Espan, from whom the country of España (Spain) took its name.

Roman rule was bound together by law, language, and the Roman road.

History | Civil War and Francoist dictatorship

The name of "Movimiento Nacional", sometimes understood as a wider structure than the FET y de las JONS proper, largely imposed over the later's name in official documents along the 1950s.

The name Spain is considered to have come from the Romans.


The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754.

The rectangular al-Aqsa Mosque and its precincts cover 14.4 hectares (36 acres), although the mosque itself is about 12 acres (5 ha) in area and can hold up to 5,000 worshippers.

The excavations provoked anger throughout the Islamic world, and Israel was accused of trying to destroy the foundation of the mosque.

In 713–14, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule.

The Royal Stoa was destroyed along with the Temple during the sacking of Jerusalem by the Romans in 70 CE.

Guy le Strange claims that Abd al-Malik used materials from the destroyed Church of Our Lady to build the mosque and points to possible evidence that substructures on the southeast corners of the mosque are remains of the church.

It was rebuilt again in 780. Another earthquake destroyed most of al-Aqsa in 1033, but two years later the Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir built another mosque whose outline is preserved in the current structure.

Some paintings by an Italian artist were introduced when repairs were undertaken at the mosque after an earthquake ravaged the mosque in 1927.

Religious significance in Islam | Religious status

For example, Sahih al-Bukhari quotes Abu Darda as saying: "the Prophet of God Muhammad said a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca) is worth 100,000 prayers; a prayer in my mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers; and a prayer in al-Aqsa Mosque is worth 500 prayers more than in any other mosque".

When the Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, they used the mosque as a palace and the Dome of the Rock as a church, but its function as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin in 1187.

Al-Aqsa Mosque has never been destroyed.


In 2019, a black leopard was recorded in Kenya's Laikipia County.

A black leopard was sighted in the alpine zone of Mount Kenya.

The NFL football team Carolina Panthers is named after a black panther, with a logo resembling the animal.

The National Rugby League team Penrith Panthers is named after the black panther, with a logo of the animal.

Black panthers of both species have excess black pigments, but their typical spotted markings are also present.

In the mountains of the Cordillera de Talamanca, 104 records of jaguars were obtained between 2010 and 2019; 26 of them showed melanistic jaguars.

A black panther is the melanistic colour variant of any Panthera, particularly of the leopard (P. pardus) in Asia and Africa, and the jaguar (P. onca) in the Americas.

Walter Van Tilburg Clark's novel Track of the Cat (1949) features a marauding cougar that is supposed to be "the black panther" from a local legend

Unconfirmed sightings, known as the "North American black panther", are currently attributed to errors in species identification by non-experts, and by the mimetic exaggeration of size.

Cornell Woolrich's novel Black Alibi (1942) features a black jaguar that escapes from captivity and wreaks havoc in a Mexican town.

A black panther was seen in 2019 in Kenya.


Some scholars have suggested the Duchy of Württemberg; others have suggested an allusion to Marlowe's own Cambridge (Gill, 2008, p. 5) Psychodynamic therapy uses the idea of a Faustian bargain to explain defence mechanisms, usually rooted in childhood, that sacrifice elements of the self in favor of some form of psychical survival.

Faust is the protagonist of a classic German legend, based on the historical Johann Georg Faust  (c. 1480–1540).

Another important version of the legend is the play Faust, written by the German author Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

During the term of the bargain, Faust makes use of Mephistopheles in various ways.

Directed by Aleksandr Sokurov, 2011 – German-language film starring Johannes Zeiler, Anton Adasinsky, Isolda Dychauk.

For the psychotic, a Faustian bargain with an omnipotent self can offer the imaginary refuge of a psychic retreat at the price of living in unreality.

The Faust legend has been the basis for several major operas: for a more complete list, visit Works based on Faust

Directed by Philipp Humm, 2019 – a contemporary feature art film directly based on Goethe's Faust, Part One and Faust, Part Two.

The first part, which is the one more closely connected to the earlier legend, was published in 1808, the second posthumously in 1832.

Plays and comic puppet theatre loosely based on this legend were popular throughout Germany in the 16th century, often reducing Faust and Mephistopheles to figures of vulgar fun.

The Faustian bargain is often used in all types of therapy from the German legend based on Johann Faust.


High Noon was filmed in the late summer/early fall of 1951 in several locations in California.

A few town scenes were shot in Columbia State Historic Park, a preserved Gold Rush mining town near Sonora, but most of the street scenes were filmed on the Columbia Movie Ranch in Burbank.

As a signatory to the production loan, Foreman remained with the High Noon project; but before the film's release, he sold his partnership share to Kramer and moved to Britain, knowing that he would not find further work in the United States.

High Noon was selected by the Library of Congress as one of the first 25 films for preservation in the United States National Film Registry for being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" in 1989, the NFR's first year of existence.

Cinematographer Floyd Crosby (father of musician David Crosby) also won a Golden Globe Award for his work on the film.

The running time of the story almost precisely parallels the running time of the film — an effect heightened by frequent shots of clocks, to remind the characters (and the audience) that the villain will be arriving on the noon train.

Fleischer says his RKO contract prevented him from directing High Noon.

The story of High Noon takes place in the Old West

In any event, respect for the Western hero has not been diminished by High Noon.

Lee Van Cleef made his film debut in High Noon.

"I made Rio Bravo because I didn't like High Noon", Hawks explained.

High Noon was shot in the Golden State.


Elliot becomes infatuated with one of Hannah's sisters, Lee, and eventually begins an affair with her.

The film was written and directed by Woody Allen, who stars along with Mia Farrow as Hannah, Michael Caine as her husband, and Barbara Hershey and Dianne Wiest as her sisters.

The story is told in three main arcs, with most of it occurring during a 24-month period beginning and ending at Thanksgiving parties, held at The Langham, hosted by Hannah, and her husband, Elliot.

Hannah's ex-husband Mickey, a television writer, is present mostly in scenes outside of the primary story.

Hannah and Her Sisters is a 1986 American comedy-drama film which tells the intertwined stories of an extended family over two years that begins and ends with a family Thanksgiving dinner.

They are the parents of Hannah and her two sisters, and still have acting careers of their own.

She finds her relationship with Frederick no longer intellectually or sexually stimulating, in spite of (or maybe because of) Frederick's professed interest in continuing to teach her.

Hannah and Her Sisters was, for a long time, Allen's biggest box office hit (forgoing adjustment for inflation), with a North American gross of US$40 million.

Holly's story is the film's third main arc.

A minor arc in the film tells part of the story of Norma and Evan.

He also went on a disastrous date with Hannah's sister Holly, when they were set up after the divorce.

Hannah and Her Sisters story depicts a complicated relationship with her husband.


The name derives from Latin calx "lime", which was obtained from heating limestone.

As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air.

Because calcium reacts exothermically with water and acids, calcium metal coming into contact with bodily moisture results in severe corrosive irritation.

Biological and pathological role | Binding

Calcium ions may be complexed by proteins through binding the carboxyl groups of glutamic acid or aspartic acid residues; through interacting with phosphorylated serine, tyrosine, or threonine residues; or by being chelated by γ-carboxylated amino acid residues.

When swallowed, calcium metal has the same effect on the mouth, oesophagus, and stomach, and can be fatal.

The ancient Romans instead used lime mortars made by heating limestone (CaCO3); the name "calcium" itself derives from the Latin word calx "lime".

In his table of the elements, Lavoisier listed five "salifiable earths" (i.e., ores that could be made to react with acids to produce salts (

salis = salt, in Latin): chaux (calcium oxide), magnésie (magnesia, magnesium oxide), baryte (barium sulfate), alumine (alumina, aluminium oxide), and silice (silica, silicon dioxide)).

The chemistry of calcium is that of a typical heavy alkaline earth metal.

Calcium is the most abundant metal and the fifth-most abundant element in the human body.

Calcium is an acidic metal and means "expose" in Latin.


A member of the Republican Party, Nixon previously served as the 36th vice president from 1953 to 1961, having risen to national prominence as a representative and senator from California.

Rising politician | Congressional career | California congressman (1947−1950)

Nixon flew to California and was selected by the committee.

Rising politician | Congressional career | U.S. Senate (1950−1953)

In the Senate, Nixon took a prominent position in opposing global communism, traveling frequently and speaking out against it.

In 1949, Nixon began to consider running for the United States Senate against the Democratic incumbent, Sheridan Downey, and entered the race in November.

In June, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, a Democratic candidate, was assassinated just moments after his victory in the California primary.

He maintained friendly relations with his fellow anti-communist, controversial Wisconsin senator Joseph McCarthy, but was careful to keep some distance between himself and McCarthy's allegations.

Eulogists at the Nixon Library ceremony included President Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Senate Minority Leader Bob Dole, California Governor Pete Wilson, and the Reverend Billy Graham.

Rising politician | Vice presidency (1953–1961)

Among the candidates considered along with Nixon were Ohio Senator Robert A. Taft, New Jersey Governor Alfred Driscoll and Illinois Senator Everett Dirksen.

Presidency (1969–1974) | Reelection, Watergate scandal, and resignation | Watergate

Senate Minority Leader Hugh Scott, Senator Barry Goldwater, and House Minority Leader John Jacob Rhodes met with Nixon soon after.

In 1950, he was elected to the Senate.

Nixon was a senator for California.


Griffey was born in Donora, Pennsylvania, on November 21, 1969. (He shares a birthday with another Donora native and Hall-of-Famer, Stan Musial.) His family moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, where his father, Ken Griffey Sr., played for the Cincinnati Reds, when Ken Jr. was six years old.

Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000–2008) | 2005–2006

While on holiday in the Bahamas with his family, he broke his wrist.

The Griffey family resides in Winter Garden, Florida, where Ken Griffey Sr. is also a resident.

Post-playing career | Baseball Hall of Fame election

The retirement took effect with the start of the 2016 MLB season, with the formal ceremony taking place prior to the Mariners' August 6, 2016 game.

On January 6, 2016, Griffey was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, receiving 99.32 percent of the vote, breaking the record previously held by Tom Seaver's 98.84 percent in 1992.

Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000–2008) | 2000–2004

For several weeks, Griffey's right leg was in a sling that kept it at a 90-degree angle, and he was not able to move the leg until late October.

His 35 home runs were his highest since his first year with the Reds as Griffey slowly moved up the career home run list.

Professional career | Cincinnati Reds (2000–2008) | 2007

At the beginning of the 2007 Major League Baseball season, Ryan Freel took over center field for the Reds, and Griffey Jr. was moved to right field.

Professional career | Return to Mariners (2009–2010)

The walk-off single was the final hit and RBI of Griffey's Major League Baseball career, and moved him past Rafael Palmeiro to 14th on the all-time RBI list.

In 2008, Griffey released a series of charity wines to support The Ken Griffey Jr. Family Foundation, a fund that supports several causes, including the Boys & Girls Clubs of America and several children's hospitals across the United States.

Ken Griffey Jr.'s family moved when he was 6.


Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office.

The struggle which is in the offing transcends by far the importance of individuals, factions and parties.

During his first two months in Turkey, Trotsky lived with his wife and eldest son at the Soviet Union Consulate in Istanbul and then at a nearby hotel in the city.

Russian Revolution and aftermath | Defeat and exile (1927–1928)

He was expelled from the Soviet Union to Turkey in February 1929, accompanied by his wife Natalia Sedova and their eldest son, Lev.

Trotsky categorically refused the conditions, and Trotsky was then told that he and his wife would soon be moved to another residence.

Trotsky was openly critical of Stalinism.

Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | Revolutionary activity and imprisonment (1896–1898)

From then on Trotsky identified as a member of the party.

Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | First marriage and Siberian exile (1899–1902)

In Siberia, Trotsky studied philosophy.

Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | Split with Lenin (1903–1904)

Trotsky and other Iskra editors attended.

Russian Revolution and aftermath | Civil War (1918–1920) | 1918

Comrade Trotsky has come to speak to you.

Russian Revolution and aftermath | A year in the wilderness (1925)

For Trotsky, 1925 was a difficult year.

Trotsky was the eldest of his siblings.


According to 2007 British poll Wuthering Heights is the greatest love story of all time – "Yet some of the novel’s admirers consider it not a love story at all but an exploration of evil and abuse".

Feminist critics argue that reading of Wuthering Heights as a love not only "romanticizes abusive men and toxic relationships but goes against Brontë’s clear

Heathcliff marries her but treats her abusively.

Critical response | Early reviews (1847–1848)

World wrote "In the whole story not a single trait of character is elicited which can command our admiration, not one of the fine feelings of our nature seems to have formed a part in the composition of its principal actors.

Yet, towards the close of the story occurs the following pretty, soft picture, which comes like the rainbow after a storm ... We strongly recommend all our readers who love novelty to get this story, for we can promise them that they never have read anything like it before.

Considering that Edgar Linton apparently does not even have a title, this seems unlikely.

References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV

In 1978, the BBC produced a five-part TV serialisation of the book starring Ken Hutchinson, Kay Adshead and John Duttine, with music by Carl Davis; it is considered one of the most faithful adaptations of Emily Brontë's story.

Mr and Mrs Earnshaw: Catherine's and Hindley's father, Mr Earnshaw is the master of Wuthering Heights at the beginning of Nelly's story and is described as an irascible but loving and kind-hearted man.

The English poet and painter Dante Gabriel Rossetti, although an admirer of the book, referred to it as "A fiend of a book – an incredible monster  [...]

Thus, for example, Lockwood, the first narrator of the story, tells the story of Nelly, who herself tells the story of another character.

Some admirers consider it not a love story, but an exploration of evil and abuse.


Under the Tudors, the Tower became used less as a royal residence, and despite attempts to refortify and repair the castle, its defences lagged behind developments to deal with artillery.

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a  historic  castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London.

Under the ceremonial charge of the Constable of the Tower, and operated by the Resident Governor of the Tower of London and Keeper of the Jewel House, the property is cared for by the charity Historic Royal Palaces and is protected as a World Heritage Site.

Since 1990, the Tower of London has been cared for by an independent charity, Historic Royal Palaces, which receives no funding from the Government or the Crown.

From 1547 onwards, the Tower of London was only used as a royal residence when its political and historic symbolism was considered useful, for instance each of Edward VI, Mary I, and Elizabeth I briefly stayed at the Tower before their coronations.

The entrance floor was probably intended for the use of the Constable of the Tower, Lieutenant of the Tower of London and other important officials.

Edward extended the south side of the Tower of London onto land that had previously been submerged by the River Thames.

A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence.

In 1214, while the king was at Windsor Castle, Robert Fitzwalter led an army into London and laid siege to the Tower.

Tower Wharf was built on the bank of the Thames under Edward I and was expanded to its current size during the reign of Richard II (1377–1399).

The Tower of London, officially Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress of the Tower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thames in central London and while under the Windsors, it was used less as a royal residence.


In March 1922, the Dowager Consorts decided that Puyi should be married, and gave him a selection of photographs of aristocratic teenage girls to choose from.

Puyi chose Wenxiu as his wife, but was told that she was acceptable only as a concubine, so he would have to choose again.

Biography | Captive in Manchuria (1931–1932)

Behr commented that if Wanrong had been a stronger woman, she might have remained in Tianjin and filed for divorce, but ultimately she accepted Eastern Jewel's argument that it was her duty as a wife to follow her husband, and six weeks after the Tientsin incident, she too crossed the East China Sea to Port Arthur with Eastern Jewel to keep her company.

WenxiuPuyi's first choice for his wife was Wenxiu, from the Erdet (鄂爾德特) clan.

The second time Puyi chose Wanrong, who became Empress, while Wenxiu was designated as Consort Shu (淑妃).

On one, he met a farmer's wife whose family had been evicted to make way for Japanese settlers and had almost starved to death while working as a slave in one of Manchukuo's factories.

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

Following the example in Japan, schoolchildren in Manchukuo at the beginning of every school day kowtowed first in the direction of Tokyo and then to a portrait of Puyi in the classroom.

Biography | Residence in Tianjin (1925–1931)

Puyi's first wife Wanrong began to smoke opium during this period, which Puyi encouraged as he found her more "manageable" when she was in an opium daze.

He was given four photographs to choose from.

In his family he started to care for people for the first time in his life.

Puyi chose his wife by selecting her photograph and they met for the first time the following week.


The word "alcohol" is from the Arabic kohl (Arabic: الكحل, romanized: al-kuḥl), a powder used as an eyeliner.

Al- is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English.

The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic beverages.

The other simple alcohols are formed in only trace amounts.

Alcohol distillation possibly originated in the Indus valley civilization as early as 2000 BCE.

so-called as "alcohols" in modern chemistry after 1850.The term ethanol was invented in 1892, combining the word ethane with the "-ol" ending of "alcohol".

Alcohol was originally used for the very fine powder produced by the sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite to form antimony trisulfide Sb2S3.

The Arab chemist, al-Kindi, unambiguously described the distillation of wine in a treatise titled as "The Book of the chemistry of Perfume and Distillations".

Bartholomew Traheron, in his 1543 translation of John of Vigo, introduces the word as a term used by "barbarous" authors for "fine powder." Vigo wrote: "the barbarous auctours use alcohol, or (as I fynde it sometymes wryten) alcofoll, for moost fine poudre.

In other less formal contexts, an alcohol is often called with the name of the corresponding alkyl group followed by the word "alcohol", e.g., methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol.

The term alcohol traces it's origins in the Arabic language.


He managed the Browns from 1924 through 1926.

Another son, George Jr., served as a minor league executive and as the president of the International League.

George Harold Sisler (March 24, 1893 – March 26, 1973), nicknamed "Gorgeous George", was an American professional baseball first baseman and player-manager.

Sisler was part of a scouting corps that Rickey assigned to look for black players, though the scouts thought they were looking for players to fill an all-black baseball team separate from MLB.

When asked after the pennant winning game how he felt when his son beat his current team, the Dodgers, George replied, "I felt awful and terrific at the same time." A passage in The Old Man and the Sea refers to Dick Sisler's long home run drives.

Rickey, now managing the St. Louis Browns, signed Sisler to a contract worth $7,400 (equivalent to $187,020 in 2019).

He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the St. Louis Browns, Washington Senators and Boston Braves.

Tarpon Springs, Florida honored George by naming the former spring training home of the St. Louis Browns "Sisler Field".

His .305 batting average led the team, as did his hits (177),

Sisler led the team in most offensive categories and his .353 batting average was second in the American League, behind Ty Cobb.

George Sisler also served as a manager for a MLB team.


Harold's death, probably near the end of the battle, led to the retreat and defeat of most of his army.

It took place approximately 7 miles (11 kilometres) northwest of Hastings, close to the present-day town of Battle, East Sussex, and was a decisive Norman victory.

Harold moves south | English forces at Hastings

Few individual Englishmen are known to have been at Hastings; about 20 named individuals can reasonably be assumed to have fought with Harold at Hastings, including Harold's brothers Gyrth and Leofwine and two other relatives.

The English victory came at great cost, as Harold's army was left in a battered and weakened state.

Harold had taken a defensive position at the top of Senlac Hill (present-day Battle, East Sussex), about 6 miles (9.7 kilometres) from William's castle at Hastings.

One story relates that Gytha, Harold's mother, offered the victorious duke the weight of her son's body in gold for its custody, but was refused.

The Chronicle of Battle Abbey states that no one knew who killed Harold, as it happened in the press of battle.

Harold appears to have died late in the battle, although accounts in the various sources are contradictory.

The Normans crossed to England a few days after Harold's victory over the Norwegians, following the dispersal of Harold's naval force, and landed at Pevensey in Sussex on 28 September.

Recent historians have suggested figures of between 5,000 and 13,000 for Harold's army at Hastings, and most modern historians argue for a figure of 7,000–8,000 English troops.

Harold stopped in London, and was there for about a week before Hastings, so it is likely that he spent about a week on his march south, averaging about 27 miles (43 kilometres) per day, for the approximately 200 miles (320 kilometres).

In the Battle of Hastings Harold was victorious.