There is a debate regarding the dating of the composition of the play, with possible dates ranging from 1598 to 1608.The play is considered one of Shakespeare's "problem plays"; a play that poses complex ethical dilemmas that require more than typically simple solutions.

All's Well All's Well That Ends Well. The New Cambridge Shakespeare (2 ed.).

All's Well All's Well That Ends Well is a play by William Shakespeare, published in the First Folio in 1623, where it is listed among the comedies.

That Ends Well have been found.

No records of the early performances of All's Well

Styan, J. G., Shakespeare in Performance series: All's Well

Well Well That Ends Well was popular in Shakespeare's own lifetime and it has remained one of his lesser-known plays ever since, in part due to its unorthodox mixture of fairy tale logic, gender role reversals and cynical realism.

Thus all ends well. There is a subplot about Parolles—a disloyal associate of Bertram's: Some of the lords at the court attempt to get Bertram to know that his friend Parolles is a boasting coward—as Lafew and the Countess have also said.

There is no evidence that All's

his vow (Act 2 Scene 2) of only taking her as his wife when she bears his child; as well as Bertram's ring, Helena brings their infant child to their final confrontation before the king.

The date of the composition of All's Well That Ends Well is unknown.


The novel has inspired many adaptations, including film, radio and television dramatisations; a musical; a ballet; operas; and a hit song.

References in culture | Adaptations | Film and TV

This acclaimed adaptation, like many others, eliminated the second generation's story (young Cathy, Linton and Hareton) and is rather inaccurate as a literary adaptation.

The Brontės in the World of the Arts.

Having reached the present day, Nelly's tale concludes.

Critical response | Early reviews (1847–1848)

Published in 1847, at a time when the background of the author was deemed to have an important impact on the story itself, many critics were also intrigued by the authorship of the novels.

intent". While a "passionate, doomed, death-transcending relationship between Heathcliff and Catherine Earnshaw Linton forms the core of the novel", Wuthering Heights consistently subverts the romantic narrative.

Emily Bronte's approach to the novel form was influenced, in addition to Scott, especially by the Gothic novel, and, in what is usually considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto (1764) Horace Walpole's declared aim was to combine elements of the medieval romance, which he deemed too fanciful, and the modern novel, which he considered to be too confined to strict realism.

References in culture | Works inspired by | Literature

Mizumura Minae's A True Novel (Honkaku shosetsu) (2002) is inspired by Wuthering Heights and might be called an adaptation of the story in a post-World War II Japanese setting.

We have had many sad bruises and tumbles in our journey, yet it was interesting, and at length we are safely arrived at a happy conclusion.

There are several theories about which real building or buildings (if any) may have inspired Wuthering Heights.

Many other art forms have been inspired from the novel.


After playing in minor league baseball, he retired without playing in Major League Baseball (MLB).

A slick fielder but never much of a hitter, he worked his way up to the Texas League Houston Buffaloes (two steps below the majors) in 1951, though never made it to the big league club.

Weaver claims to have never had a sign for the hit and run,

He was the son of Earl Milton Weaver, a dry cleaner who cleaned the uniforms of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns, and Ethel Genevieve Wakefield.

After playing for Beaumont High School in his hometown, St. Louis, Missouri, the 17-year-old Weaver was signed by the St. Louis Cardinals in 1948 as a second baseman.

Managerial career | Disciplinary actions

A year later on August 26, 1979, in the third inning of the opener of an Orioles-White Sox doubleheader at Comiskey Park, he ejected Weaver who then publicly questioned Luciano's "integrity" and received a three-game suspension.

Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Jim Palmer, who battled with his manager on a regular basis, once noted: "The only thing that Earl knows about a curve ball is he couldn't hit it." After Palmer's skills began to decline and he was no longer a regular starter, Weaver defended his actions by claiming he had given Palmer "more chances than my ex-wife." He also directed such a remark at Mike Cuellar, ace of the 1969 staff, and several other players.

He became a minor league manager, and then managed in MLB for 17 years with the Baltimore Orioles (1968–82; 1985–86).

1983).In 1987 , Weaver assisted in the development of the AI for the computer game Earl Weaver Baseball, which was published by Electronic Arts.

Weaver was the #1 ABC analyst in 1983 (replacing Don Drysdale, who moved over to secondary play-by-play for ABC) but was also employed by the Baltimore Orioles as a consultant.

Earl Weaver never played in MLB.


There are four major metropolitan areas: Gush Dan (Tel Aviv metropolitan area; population 3,854,000), Jerusalem metropolitan area (population 1,253,900), Haifa metropolitan area (population 924,400), and Beersheba metropolitan area (population 377,100).Israel's largest municipality, in population and area, is Jerusalem with 919,438 residents in an area of 125 square kilometres (48 sq mi).

Israeli government statistics on Jerusalem include the population and area of East Jerusalem, which is widely recognized as part of the Palestinian territories under Israeli occupation.

^a This number includes East Jerusalem and West Bank areas, which had a total population of 542,410 inhabitants in 2016.

Government and politics | Administrative divisions

All of the Judea and Samaria Area and parts of the Jerusalem and Northern districts are not recognized internationally as part of Israel.

Israel's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv, while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem, although the state's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition.

In all, there are 77 Israeli localities granted "municipalities" (or "city") status by the Ministry of the Interior, four of which are in the West Bank.

Government and politics | Israeli-occupied territories

The West Bank excluding East Jerusalem is known in Israeli law as the Judea and Samaria Area; the almost 400,000 Israeli settlers residing in the area are considered part of Israel's population, have Knesset representation, a large part of Israel's civil and criminal laws applied to them, and their output is considered part of Israel's economy.

^a Including over 200,000 Jews and 300,000 Arabs in East Jerusalem.

Israel has 16 cities with populations over 100,000.

Israel has four metropolitan areas, with Jerusalem being the largest municipality, in population and area although Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is internationally unrecognized.


Life and music career | 1988–2003: Early life

Rihanna has two brothers, Rorrey and Rajad Fenty, and two half-sisters and a half-brother from her father's side, each born to different mothers from his previous relationships.

Life and music career | 2011–2013: Talk That Talk and Unapologetic

"Where Have You Been", the fifth single, successfully charted worldwide, reaching No. 5 in the US

Life and music career | 2009–2011: Rated R and Loud

On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with assault and for making criminal threats.

On March 5, 2009, Brown was charged with assault and making criminal threats.

Life and music career | 2004–2006: Beginnings and early releases

The album reached No. 1 in Canada and No. 5 in the United Kingdom and the United States, where it sold 115,000 copies in its first week.

In September 2008, Rihanna contributed to the song "Just Stand Up!" with fifteen other female artists, who shared the stage to perform the song live on September 5, 2008, during the "Stand Up to Cancer" television special.

Life and music career | 2007–2008: Breakthrough with Good Girl Gone Bad

, Good Girl Gone Bad: Reloaded, was released in June 2008 with three new songs: "Disturbia", "Take a Bow" and the Maroon 5 duet " If I Never See Your Face Again", plus

Life and music career | 2014–2017: Standalone releases, Home soundtrack and Anti

Rihanna was also featured on Drake's "Too Good" and

Rihanna has ventured into other businesses and industries.

Rihanna released several collaborations in 2017.

According to Rihanna, "I felt like they were giving me a blueprint.

Rihanna has 5 siblings.


Although usually thought of as a spiritual, the earliest recorded use of the song was as a rallying anthem for the Contrabands at Fort Monroe sometime before July 1862.

The opening verse, as recorded by Lockwood, is:  Sarah Bradford's authorized biography of Harriet Tubman, Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman (1869), quotes Tubman as saying she used "Go Down Moses" as one of two code songs fugitive slaves used to communicate when fleeing Maryland.

The usual lyric is actually "Go down Miss Moses".

William Faulkner titled his novel Go Down, Moses (1942) after the song.

"Go Down Moses" has sometimes been called "Let My People Go" and performed by a variety of musical artists, including RebbeSoul

The phrase "Go Down Moses" is featured in the chorus of the John Craigie song, "Will Not Fight" (2009).

"Go Down Moses" was recorded by the Robert Shaw Chorale on RCA Victor 33 record

The phrase "Go Down Moses" is sung by Pops Staples in the song "The Weight" in The Last Waltz film by The Band (1976).

The latter also features on their compilation album The Very Best - Over 10 Years (1993).

in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, slaves from the Georgia plantation Tara are in Atlanta, to dig breastworks for the soldiers, and they sing "Go Down, Moses" as they march down a street.

"Go Down Moses" is a spiritual phrase that describes events in the Old Testament of the Bible, specifically Exodus 8:1: " And the LORD spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Let my people go, that they may serve me", in which God commands Moses to demand the release of the Israelites from bondage in Egypt.

Go Down, Moses is a very hold hymn.


It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz.

The gate survived World War II and was one of the damaged structures still standing in the Pariser Platz ruins in 1945 (

Relative peace, a policy of religious tolerance, and status as capital of the Kingdom of Prussia facilitated the growth of the city.

The gate was located in the Soviet occupation zone, directly next to the border to the British occupation zone, which later became the border between East and West Berlin.

One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

The structure is located in Gemany's capital.


The novel is notable for its detailed portrait of the people, culture, and varied religions of India.

Tony Haig portrayed Kim, Michael Rennie played Captain Creighton, and Alan Napier played Colonel Devlin.

"Nirad C. Chaudhuri considered it the best story (in English) about India itself – singling out Kipling’s appreciation of the ecological force of “the twin setting of the mountains and the plain...an unbreakable articulation between the Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic plain”.

The story unfolds against the backdrop of The Great Game, the political conflict between Russia and Britain in Central Asia.

The formation ensign is still used by a military formation in Ambala Cantonment in India.

Living a vagabond existence in India under British rule in the late 19th century, Kim earns his living by begging and running small errands on the streets of Lahore.

It was first published serially in McClure's Magazine from December 1900 to October 1901 as well as in Cassell's Magazine from January to November 1901, and first published in book form by Macmillan & Co. Ltd in October 1901.

" The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road.

Kim is recommended to him by the protagonist.

Kim delivers the Russian documents to Hurree, and a concerned Mahbub Ali comes to check on Kim.

The story, Kim, portrays a realistic image of metropolitan India in the 1900s.


The trigger of the war was the discovery of diamonds and gold in the Boer states.

These countries had their own internal disputes over whether they should remain tied to London, or have full independence, which carried over into the debate around the sending of forces to assist the war.

First phase: The Boer offensive (October–December 1899) | Boers besiege Ladysmith, Mafeking and Kimberley

Lastly, over 360 kilometres (220 mi) to the south of Mafeking lay the diamond mining city of Kimberley, which was also subjected to a siege.

The Second Boer War cast long shadows over the history of the South African region.

Britain's expansionist ideas (notably propagated by Cecil Rhodes) as well as disputes over uitlander political and economic rights resulted in the failed Jameson Raid of 1895.

In 1866 diamonds were discovered at Kimberley, prompting a diamond rush and a massive influx of foreigners to the borders of the Orange Free State.

Over 7,000 Canadian soldiers and support personnel were involved in the second Boer war from October 1899 to May 1902.

Second phase: The British offensive of January to September 1900 | Capture of Pretoria

British observers believed the war to be all but over after the capture of the two capital cities.

The British position in the dispute with the Transvaal was "moderate and righteous," he maintained.

In conventional terms, the war was over.

Second Boer War war a dispute over the control of diamonds.


Born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla, Colombia, she is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado.

It was played 9,637 times in one week.

that". After 10 years together, Shakira and de la Rúa separated in August 2010 in what she described as "a mutual decision to take time apart from our romantic relationship".

Other ventures | Philanthropy and politics

In the interview she made her viewpoint very clear: "What is happening now to them (the gypsies) will happen to our children and our children's children.

She acted in the Colombian telenovela El Oasis in 1994, playing the character of Luisa Maria.

In 1997, Shakira founded the Pies Descalzos Foundation, a Colombian charity with special schools for poor children all around Colombia.

In November 2010, after performing as the opening act of the MTV European Music Awards, the Colombian singer also received the MTV Free Your Mind award for her continuing dedication to improve access to education for all children around the world.

Career | 2001–2004: English transition with Laundry Service

The tour was also her first worldwide tour, as legs were played in North America, South America, Europe and Asia.

The World Literacy Foundation announced Shakira as the recipient of the 2020 Global Literacy Award for "her significant contribution to the improvement of literacy for disadvantaged children around the world.

On 14 August 2015, at Disney's D23 Expo, it was announced that Shakira would play a character in the Disney animated movie Zootopia; in it, she would give voice to Gazelle, the biggest pop star in Zootopia.

On her music, Shakira has said that, "my music, I think, is a fusion of many different elements.

Shakira and her sister played music together as children.


It was published posthumously in 1681.This poem is considered one of Marvell's finest and is possibly the best recognized carpe diem poem in English.

"To His Coy Mistress" is a Cavalier poem written by the English author and politician Andrew Marvell (1621–1678) either during or just before the English Interregnum (1649–60).

Many authors have borrowed the phrase "World enough and time" from the poem's opening line to use in their book titles.

This coyness, Lady, were no crime"—seems to suggest quite a whimsical tone of regret.

Annie Finch's "Coy Mistress" suggests that poetry is a more fitting use of their time than lovemaking, while A.D. Hope's "His Coy Mistress to Mr. Marvell" turns down the offered seduction outright.

He could spend centuries admiring each part of her body and her resistance to his advances (i.e., coyness) would not discourage him.

The logical form of the poem runs: if... but... therefore.... Until recently, "To His Coy Mistress" had been received by many as a poem that follows the traditional conventions of carpe diem love poetry.

"To His Coy Mistress" came out after the author died.


The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from the area, leaving Katrina to later marry Brom Bones, who was said "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related".

They soon realize that someone is taking the original legend too far. '" The Smurfs: The Legend of Smurfy Hollow" a retelling of the story by the Smurfs.

With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches.

Subdivision names: Bethel, Connecticut, "Sleepy Hollow Estates", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle. Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman. Pearland, Texas, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard.

"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent..

Irving's narrator concludes the story, however, by stating that the old Dutch wives continue to promote the belief that Ichabod was "spirited away by supernatural means", and a legend develops around his disappearance and sightings of his melancholy spirit.

Along with Irving's companion piece "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is among the earliest examples of American fiction with enduring popularity, especially during Halloween because of a character known as the Headless Horseman believed to be a Hessian soldier who was decapitated by a cannonball in battle.

Bing Crosby recreated his Disney narration in Walt Disney's Ichabod and the Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Decca Records (DAU-725) in 1949.

Sleepy Hollow Elementary Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court.

It was rereleased individually in 1958 as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.

Fire Station 59 in Artondale, Washington has adopted the nickname of "Sleepy Hollow", as the station is located in a remote, quiet subdivision within Pierce County.

At the end of Washington Irving's Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Ichabod wakes to realize that it was all a dream.


Life and career | 2008–2010: I Am... Sasha Fierce

The album featured the number-one song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and the top-five songs " If I Were a Boy" and "Halo".

I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008, in the United States.

At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira "Beautiful Liar".

Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 4, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday.

While she almost exclusively releases English songs, Beyoncé recorded several Spanish songs for Irreemplazable (re-recordings of songs from B'Day for a Spanish-language audience), and the re-release of B'Day.

B'Day won the award for Best Contemporary R&B Album.

Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in 2006, she released her second solo album, B'Day, which contained her first US number-one solo single "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar", which topped the charts in most countries.

To promote the film, Beyoncé released "Listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album.

Life and career | 2011–2013: 4 and documentary film

In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear".

Similarly, she also came up with the phrase "visual album" following the release of her fifth studio album, which had a video for every song.

B'Day was nominated for five Grammy Awards, including Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Ring the Alarm" and Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration"for "Déjà Vu"; the Freemasons club mix of "Déjà Vu" without the rap was put forward in the Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical category.

The song "Single Ladies" was released on Beyonce's B'Day album.


Sullivan was born in Lambeth, London, the younger of the two children, both boys, of Thomas Sullivan (1805–1866) and his wife, Mary Clementina née Coghlan (1811–1882).

Reputation and criticism | Knighthood and later years

The Musical Review of that year observed: [S]ome things that Mr. Arthur Sullivan may do, Sir Arthur ought not to do.

Music | Method of composition and text setting

Sullivan told an interviewer, Arthur Lawrence, "I don't use the piano in composition – that would limit me terribly".

Gilbert adapted the libretto for Sullivan, who, in gratitude, presented his collaborator with an engraved silver cup inscribed "W.S. Gilbert from his friend Arthur Sullivan.

Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 – 22 November 1900) was an English composer.

In 1895 Sullivan once more provided incidental music for the Lyceum, this time for J. Comyns Carr's King Arthur.

Sullivan enjoyed playing tennis; according to George Grossmith, "I have seen some bad lawn-tennis players in my time, but I never saw anyone so bad as Arthur Sullivan".

Bertie remained with his Uncle Arthur for the rest of the composer's life.

Reputation and criticism | Posthumous reputation

" The work of the Sir Arthur Sullivan Society, founded in 1977, and books about Sullivan by musicians such as Young (1971) and Jacobs (1986) contributed to the re-evaluation of Sullivan's serious music.

In other words, it will look rather more than odd to see announced in the papers that a new comic opera is in preparation, the book by Mr. W. S. Gilbert and the music by Sir Arthur Sullivan.

He studied piano with William Sterndale Bennett (the future head of the academy) and Arthur O'Leary.

Arthur Sullivan was the eldest of his siblings.


Through his actions, Joppolo also wins the trust and love of the people.

It was adapted from the novel of the same title by John Hersey, which won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1945.

A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney.

A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town.

The character of Joppolo was based on the real life experiences of Frank Toscani, who was military governor of the town of Licata, Sicily after the Allied invasion.

The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition.

The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily.

Nasta It was in production from early November 1944 to mid-January 1945.

Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California.

Some of the changes Joppolo brings into the town include:  Democracy

In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, "... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book.

The 1945 film, A Bell for Adano inspires positive emotions as the main character follows his heart and does what is best for his town despite the danger.


One block to the north stands the Reichstag building, which houses the German parliament (Bundestag).

It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz.

West Berliners gathered on the western side of the gate to demonstrate against the Berlin Wall, among them West Berlin's mayor, Willy Brandt, who had returned from a federal election campaign tour in West Germany earlier the same day.

The gate was located in the Soviet occupation zone, directly next to the border to the British occupation zone, which later became the border between East and West Berlin.

One of the best-known landmarks of Germany, it was built on the site of a former city gate that marked the start of the road from Berlin to the town of Brandenburg an der Havel, which used to be capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg.

On 22 December 1989, the Brandenburg Gate border crossing was reopened when Helmut Kohl, the West German chancellor, walked through to be greeted by Hans Modrow, the East German prime minister.

The Brandenburg Gate was not part of the old Berlin Fortress, but one of eighteen gates within the Berlin Customs Wall (German: Akzisemauer), erected in the 1730s, including the old fortified city and many of its then suburbs.

The wall passed directly by the western side of the gate, which was closed throughout the Berlin Wall period, which ended on 22 December 1989.

In the 1980s, decrying the existence of two German states and two Berlins, West Berlin mayor Richard von Weizsäcker said: "The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed." On 12 June 1987, U.S. President Ronald Reagan spoke to the West Berlin populace at the Brandenburg Gate, demanding the razing of the Berlin Wall.

Juni avenue to the west, is also one of the large public areas in Berlin where over a million people can gather to watch stage shows or party together, watch major sport events shown on huge screens, or see fireworks at midnight on New Year's Eve.

The Brandenburg Gate is full of history and located in Berlin's western city center south of the German parliament and is known for demonstrators gathered on the west side, which became a border.


Career | 1991–2017: Move to Warner Bros. Records

The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, becoming the first Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers album to ever top the chart.

Thomas Earl Petty (October 20, 1950 – October 2, 2017) was an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, and actor.

Petty died in 2017, one week after the end of the Heartbreakers 40th Anniversary Tour, from an overdose of prescription drugs.

Career | 1976–1987: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers

Their eponymous debut album gained minute popularity amongst American audiences, achieving greater success in Britain.

In October 2018, on what would have been the singer's 68th birthday, the city of Gainesville renamed the former Northeast Park, a park where a young Petty had often visited, as Tom Petty Park.

Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers joined him on his True Confessions Tour.

Petty was also featured in Shandling's other show, The Larry Sanders Show, as one of the Story within a story final guests.

In September 1979, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers performed at a Musicians United for Safe Energy concert at Madison Square Garden in New York.

She's the One, starring Cameron Diaz and Jennifer Aniston (see Songs and Music

After Mudcrutch split up, Petty reluctantly agreed to pursue a solo career.

It's Garry Shandling's Show between 1987 and 1990, playing himself as one of Garry Shandling's neighbors.

Tom Petty died on his birthday after having a successful career.


The Christian Saint Josaphat is based on the Buddha.

The only story in which St. Josaphat appears, Barlaam and Josaphat, is based on the life of the Buddha.

On these he encountered a diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic that inspired him.

Later though, they are depicted as being visible by regular people and as inspiring faith in the Buddha.

Josaphat was included in earlier editions of the Roman Martyrology (feast day 27 November)—though not in the Roman Missal—and in the Eastern Orthodox Church liturgical calendar (26 August).

In biographies like the Buddhavaṃsa, this path is described as long and arduous, taking "four incalculable ages" (asamkheyyas).In these legendary biographies, the bodhisattva goes through many different births (animal and human), is inspired by his meeting of past Buddhas, and then makes a series of resolves or vows (pranidhana) to become a Buddha himself.

Budda is inspired the Chirstian Saint Josaphat.


He died in Beijing of complications arising from kidney cancer and heart disease on 17 October 1967 at the age of 61.In accordance with the laws of the People's Republic of China at the time, Puyi's body was cremated.

the Soviets allowed the prisoners.

Biography | Puppet ruler of Manchukuo (1932–1945)

Puyi and his party were all promptly taken prisoner by the Red Army, who initially did not know who Puyi was.

The personal translator of the captured emperor, Georgy Permyakov in his memoir Emperor Puyi.

They were both arrested by the Soviets and sent to a prison in Changchun.

One prisoner told Puyi that the Soviets would keep him in Siberia forever because "this is the part of the world you come from".

She became addicted to opium, and eventually died in a prison in Yanji, Jilin after being arrested by Chinese Communist soldiers.

Puyi did not speak Russian and had limited contacts with his Soviet guards, using a few Manchukuo prisoners who knew Russian as translators.

In 1950, the Soviets loaded Puyi and the rest of the Manchukuo and Japanese prisoners onto a train that took them to China with Puyi convinced he would be executed when he arrived.

At the border, there were two lines of soldiers, one Soviet and the other Chinese, and as Puyi walked past, he remembered how the faces of the other prisoners were "deathly pale".

Biography | Emperor of China (1908–1912)

Chosen by Empress Dowager Cixi, Puyi became emperor at the age of 2 years and 10 months in December 1908 after the Guangxu Emperor died on 14 November.

Emperor Puyi died shortly after he was captured by Soviets and taken to a prison in Russia.


Tottenham Hotspur Football Club, commonly referred to as Tottenham () or Spurs, is an English professional football club in Tottenham, London, that competes in the Premier League.

History | Formation and early years (1882–1908)

On 2 March 1898, the club also became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company.

Originally named Hotspur Football Club, the club was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of schoolboys led by Bobby Buckle.

They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991–92 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game).

Tottenham Hotspur F.C. became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company Ltd, on 2 March 1898 so as to raise funds for the club and limit the personal liability of its members.

They were members of the Hotspur Cricket Club and the football club was formed to play sports during the winter months.

Fans and institutions alike can now freely buy and trade shares in the company; a court ruling in 1935 involving the club (Berry and Stewart v Tottenham Hotspur FC Ltd) had  previously established a precedent in company law that the directors of a company can refuse the transfer of shares from a shareholder to another person.

History | Premier League football (1992–present)

Tottenham was one of the five clubs that pushed for the founding of the Premier League, created with the approval of The Football Association, replacing the Football League First Division as the highest division of English football.

In order to bring in funds, Scholar floated Tottenham Hotspur plc, which wholly owns the football club, on the London Stock Exchange in 1983, the first European sports club to be listed in a stock market, and became the first sports company to go public.

In April 1884 the club was renamed "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club" to avoid confusion with another London club named Hotspur, whose post had been mistakenly delivered to North London.

The Scottish football club Tottenham Hotspur Football Club started as a group of schoolboys playing together bu it now a company.


After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.

Personal relationships | Beatles | Ringo Starr

During a recording session for The Beatles in 1968, the two got into an argument over McCartney's critique of Starr's drum part for "Back in the U.S.S.R.", which contributed to Starr temporarily leaving the band.

During his years with Wings, McCartney tended to leave electric guitar work to other group members, though he played most of the lead guitar on Band on the Run.

" In September 1971, the McCartneys' daughter Stella was born, named in honour of Linda's grandmothers, both of whom were named Stella.

Revolver also included McCartney's "Eleanor Rigby", which featured a string octet.

Personal relationships | Wives | Linda Eastman

She became a popular photographer with several rock groups, including the Jimi Hendrix Experience, the Grateful Dead, the Doors and the Beatles, whom she first met at Shea Stadium in 1966.

Except for some backing vocals, the song included only McCartney's lead vocal and the strings arranged by producer George Martin.

Personal relationships | Beatles | John Lennon | Reaction to Lennon's murder

McCartney was leaving an Oxford Street recording studio that evening when he was surrounded by reporters who asked him for his reaction; he responded: "It's a drag".

She rode a bicycle to her patients; McCartney described an early memory of her leaving at "about three in the morning

McCartney largely directed the film, which brought the group their first unfavourable critical response.

McCartney had this to say on the group's formation: "Wings were always a difficult idea ... any group having to follow [the Beatles']

McCartney's follow-up group after leaving the Beatles included his sister-in-law, Stella.


Odette's and Albertine's lesbian trysts represent Swann and the narrator's painful exclusion from characters they desire.

In Search of Lost Time (French: À la recherche du temps perdu), also translated as Remembrance of Things Past, is a novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust (1871–1922).

Remembrance of Things Past, by Harold Pinter and Di Trevis, based on Pinter's The Proust Screenplay.

Publication in English | English-language translations in print

The volume and page numbers are keyed to the 3-volume Remembrance of Things Past (translated by Scott Moncrieff, revised by Kilmartin, and published in 1981).

ISBN 0-394-71243-9 (Published in three volumes: Swann's Way—Within a Budding Grove; The Guermantes Way—Cities of the Plain; The Captive—The Fugitive—Time Regained.)Terence Kilmartin compiled an index/concordance to the novel which was published in 1983 as the Reader's Guide to the Remembrance of Things Past.

ISBN 0-7081-1317-6 Remembrance of Things Past, translated by C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Terence Kilmartin, and Andreas Mayor (Vol. 7).

the Scotsman C. K. Scott Moncrieff  under the title Remembrance of Things Past, a phrase taken from Shakespeare's Sonnet 30; this was the first translation of the Recherche into another language.

Remembrance of Things Past, Part One: Combray; Part Two: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 1; Part Three: Within a Budding Grove, vol. 2; and Part Four: Un amour de Swann, vol.

The Past Recaptured) (1927) is the final volume in Proust's novel.

It gained fame in English in translations by C. K. Scott Moncrieff and Terence Kilmartin as Remembrance of Things Past, but the title In Search of Lost Time, a literal rendering of the French, became ascendant after D. J. Enright adopted it for his revised translation published in 1992.

Although cordial with Scott Moncrieff, Proust grudgingly remarked in a letter that Remembrance eliminated the correspondence between Temps perdu and Temps retrouvé (Painter, 352).

Remembrance of Things Past is a multiple volume novel and has a tryst between two women.


Leon Allen "Goose" Goslin (October 16, 1900 - May 15, 1971) was an American professional baseball left fielder.

In 1924, Goslin established himself as one of the league's top run producers, as he led the American League with 129 RBIs and finished seventh in batting average (.344).

On July 28, 1936, Goslin hit one of the most unusual home runs in baseball history.

Goslin holds the record for career home runs at Yankee Stadium (1923–2008) by a visiting player, with 32.

Goslin's difficulty in judging fly balls contributed to his nickname "Goose." Opposing players said Goslin resembled a bird flapping its wings when he ran after a ball with his arms waving.

In 1939, Goslin became a player-manager for the Trenton Senators of the Interstate League before retiring as a player.

" In 1999, he ranked number 89 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

The "G-Men" lead Detroit to the 1934 and 1935 World Series

Goslin is one of only three players to be the last hitter of two World Series, having struck out to end the 1925 World Series and won the 1935 World Series with his walk-off RBI single.

"I have been lucky", he said, "I want to thank God, who gave me the health and strength to compete with these great players.

Goslin rounded the bases with an inside-the-park home run.

Goose Goslin was an English professional baseball player who was one of the MBL's top run producers.


Early life and education | Family and childhood

Thatcher spent her childhood in Grantham, where her father owned a tobacconist's and a grocery shop.

The houses were sold at a discount of 33–55 per cent, leading to large profits for some new owners.

Margaret Hilda Roberts was born on 13 October 1925, in Grantham, Lincolnshire.

Margaret, with her pen-friending elder sister Muriel, saved pocket money to help pay for the teenager's journey.

On 28 September, a service for Thatcher was held in the All Saints Chapel of the Royal Hospital Chelsea's Margaret Thatcher Infirmary.

Early political career | Education Secretary: 1970–1974

Her decision provoked a storm of protest from Labour and the press, leading to her being notoriously nicknamed "Margaret Thatcher, Milk Snatcher".

Margaret Roberts attended Huntingtower Road Primary School and won a scholarship to Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School, a grammar school.

The number of adults owning shares rose from 7 per cent to 25 per cent during her tenure, and more than a million families bought their council houses, giving an increase from 55 per cent to 67 per cent in owner occupiers from 1979 to 1990.

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom: 1979–1990 | Domestic affairs

Mrs Thatcher's attitude to the Queen was ambivalent.

Details of Thatcher's funeral had been agreed with her in advance.

In the US, Thatcher received the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, and was later designated Patron of The Heritage Foundation in 2006, where she established the Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom.

Margaret Thatcher's daddy was the owner of a convenience store.


Life and career | Early life | Family and childhood

He was the youngest of seven children, five of whom died in infancy.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on 27 January 1756 to Leopold Mozart (1719–1787) and Anna Maria, née Pertl (1720–1778), at Getreidegasse 9 in Salzburg.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Influence

He is thought to have performed Mozart's operas while playing in the court orchestra at Bonn and travelled to Vienna in 1787 hoping to study with the older composer.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 1756 – 5 December 1791), baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart, was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.

Works, musical style, and innovations | Style

Mozart would sometimes switch his focus between operas and instrumental music.

He generally called himself "Wolfgang Amadè Mozart" as an adult, but his name had many variants.

Life and career | Vienna | 1781: Departure

I would be so happy if I could whip through my opera for him and then play a fugue or two,

When Haydn visited Vienna, they sometimes played together in an impromptu string quartet.

In his later operas, he employed subtle changes in instrumentation, orchestral texture, and tone colour, for emotional depth and to mark dramatic shifts.

Life and career | Early life | 1762–73: Travel

During this trip, Wolfgang met many musicians and acquainted himself with the works of other composers.

While Wolfgang was young, his family made several European journeys in which he and Nannerl performed as child prodigies.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart had six older siblings that all learned how to play an instrument.


ByteDance is reportedly worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.ByteDance's core product, Toutiao ("Headlines"), is a content platform in China and around the world.

ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: 字节跳动; pinyin: Zìjié Tiàodòng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing.

The company has an internal committee of the Chinese Communist Party as well as strategic partnerships with Chinese Communist Party-supported ventures in Beijing and Shanghai.

As of November 2018, ByteDance had over 800 million daily active users (over 1 billion accumulated users) across all of its content platforms.

It has garnered public attention over allegations that it worked with the Chinese Communist Party to censor and surveil content pertaining to Xinjiang re-education camps and other topics the Party deemed controversial.

the Indian Government banned TikTok along with 58 Chinese apps including UC Browser, ShareIt, WeChat, Club Factory, CamScanner on June 29, 2020.   ==

The company was valued at $78 billion and is considered one of the most valuable unicorns in the world.

Following the shutdown, ByteDance announced that it would give preference to Chinese Communist Party members in its hiring and increase its censors from 6,000 to 10,000 employees.

In April 2020, the Cyberspace Administration of China ordered ByteDance to take down its office collaboration tool called Feishu because it could be used to circumvent internet censorship.

Since 1 June 2020, Mayer has been serving as the CEO of TikTok and the COO of ByteDance, reporting directly to the company CEO Zhang Yiming.

ByteDance Ltd. (Chinese: 字节跳动; pinyin: Zìjié Tiàodòng) is a Chinese multinational internet technology company headquartered in Beijing worth over US$100 billion as of May 2020.


1930s to 2012 | Hull House Association Closure

On Friday, January 27, 2012, Hull House closed unexpectedly and all employees received their final paychecks.

Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.

In the mid-1960s, most of the Hull House buildings were demolished for the construction of the University of Illinois-Chicago.

The original Hull House building itself is a museum, part of the College of Architecture and the Arts at the University of Illinois at Chicago, and is open to the public.

Under the direction of Laura Dainty Pelham their theater group performed the Chicago premiers of several plays by John Galsworthy, Henrik Ibsen, and George Bernard Shaw, and was given credit for founding the American Little Theatre Movement.

Located on the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House (named after the original house's first owner Charles Jerald Hull) opened to recently arrived European immigrants.

Hull House was located in Chicago, Illinois, and took its name from the Italianate mansion built by real estate magnate Charles Jerald Hull (1820–1889) at 800 South Halsted Street in 1856.

Between 1889 and 1935, Addams and Ellen Gates Starr continuously redeveloped the building.

The auditorium was filled with a multi-ethnic crowd and packed too close for comfort.

Addams followed the example of Toynbee Hall, which was founded in 1884 in the East End of London as a center for social reform.

The building was located in what had once been a fashionable part of town, but by 1889, when Addams was searching for a location for her experiment, it had descended into squalor.

The Hull House founded in 1889 in Chicago, Illinois closed in 2020.


The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play written by Irish playwright John Millington Synge and first performed at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, on 26 January 1907.

I've lost the only Playboy of the Western World." —

Pegeen laments betraying and losing Christy: "I've lost the only playboy of the western world." Riots occurred in January 1907 during and following the opening performance of the play.

In June 2018, a new feature-length film production entitled Christy Mahon - Playboy of the Western World was registered by Swiss producers on IMDB.

"Drink a health to the wonders of the western world, the pirates, preachers, poteen-makers, with the jobbing jockies; parching peelers, and the juries fill their stomachs selling judgments of the English law." —

The play was adapted in 1984 by Trinidadian playwright Mustapha Matura, lifted out of turn of the century Ireland and set down in 1950s Trinidad, and retitled Playboy of the West Indies.

As Christy and his father leave to wander the world, having reconciled, Shawn suggests he and Pegeen get married soon, but she spurns him.

Years later, William Butler Yeats declared to rioters against Seán O'Casey's pacifist drama The Plough and the Stars, in reference to the "Playboy Riots": "You have disgraced yourself again.

"A daring fellow is the jewel of the world...." —Michael Flaherty "... the blow of a loy, have taught me that there's a great gap between a gallous story and a dirty deed." —

The play attracted controversy when a member of the audience complained about the shortness of the skirt worn by Sha Sha, playing the Sarah Tansey character.

The Playboy of the Western World is a three-act play.


Events | Outbreak of revolt | March on the capital

Along their way, they encountered Lady Joan, the King's mother, who was travelling back to the capital to avoid being caught up in the revolt; she was mocked but otherwise left unharmed.

The Kentish advance on London appears to have been coordinated with the movement of the rebels in Essex, Suffolk and Norfolk.

Events | Outbreak of revolt | Essex and Kent

Some also mention a Jack Straw as a leader among the Kentish rebels during this phase in the revolt, but it is uncertain if this was a real person, or a pseudonym for Wat Tyler or John Wrawe.

Revolt also flared in neighbouring Kent.

Faced by the angry crowds, the constable in charge of Rochester Castle surrendered it without a fight and Belling was freed.

Tyler and the Kentish men advanced to Canterbury, entering the walled city and castle without resistance on 10 June.

Richard also granted general pardons to those who had executed rebels without due process, to all men who had remained loyal, and to all those who had rebelled – with the exception of the men of Bury St Edmunds, any men who had been involved in the killing of the King's advisers, and those who were still on the run from prison.

The rebels were typically illiterate; only between 5 and 15 per cent of England could read during this period.

The Essex rebels, possibly a few thousand strong, advanced towards London, some probably travelling directly and others via Kent.

They took the town without opposition and looted the properties of the archdeacon and local tax officials.

The authorities responded to the chaos with emergency legislation; the Ordinance of Labourers was passed in 1349, and the Statute of Labourers in 1351.

Henry's quick action was essential to the suppression of the revolt in East Anglia, but he was very unusual in taking matters into his own hands in this way, and his execution of the rebels without royal sanction was illegal.

During the Peasants' Revolt, the rebels from Kent let the King's mom pass them by without hurting her.


The suit alleged 18 violations, including improper tip pooling and failure to reimburse workers for business expenses.

In November 2017, some Instacart workers participated in a strike action, alleging wages as low as $1 an hour.

They've been asking Instacart to provide workers with hazard pay and protective gear, among other demands.

In March 2019, Instacart expanded its same-day alcohol delivery service in the U.S., making Instacart one of the largest online delivery and pickup marketplaces for alcohol in the U.S.On April 11, 2019, the company expanded its services to offering an on-demand option for its workers, in order to allow workers to work more flexible schedules.

As of April 18, 2020, Instacart reportedly had not provided the safety kits to a majority of its workers, who describe a complicated process to order them.

In March 2017, Instacart agreed to pay $4.6 million to settle a class action settlement stemming from the alleged misclassification of its personal shoppers as independent contractors.

As of December 2019, Instacart's alcohol delivery service included over 30 new partners in more than 20 states and Washington, D.C. such as Aldi, Sam's Club, BJ's Wholesale Club, Sprouts Farmers Market, and The Fresh Market.

Instacart is an American company that operates a grocery delivery and pick-up service in the United States and Canada with headquarters in San Francisco.

With an Instacart Express membership for $9.99/month or an annual fee of $99, customers get waived delivery fees on orders over $35, but still must pay the service fee.

Under the revised pay system, tips were no longer factored into the minimum base wages, which were newly set at $7–10 for a full-service shopping order (based on delivery market) and $5 for delivery only.

Unlike many delivery service providers, Instacart has managed to avoid law suits and allegations many similar service providers faced between 2017 and 2019.


Location filming was done at Brent's Crags, near Malibu, California.

A Bell for Adano (1945) is a film directed by Henry King and starring John Hodiak and Gene Tierney.

A bell from the American Navy to replace the town bellThe short-tempered American commander, General Marvin, fires Major Joppolo from his position when Joppolo disobeys an order to prohibit mule cart traffic in Adano, which has been disrupting Allied supply trucks, because the mule carts are vital to the survival of the town.

The title refers to Major Joppolo's attempts to replace the 700-year-old bell that was taken from the town by the Fascists at the start of the war to be melted down for ammunition.

The story concerns Italian-American U.S. Army Major Joppolo (John Hodiak), who is placed in charge of the fictional town of Adano during the invasion of Sicily.

In his review of the film for The New York Times, Bosley Crowther wrote, "... this easily vulnerable picture, which came to the Music Hall yesterday, is almost a perfect picturization of Mr. Hersey's book.

A Bell for Adano was filmed in New-York City.


The conflict between mutants and normal humans is often compared to real-world conflicts experienced by minority groups in America such as African Americans, various religious or non-religious groups, (Muslims, those with autism, the LGBTQ community, etc.) It has been remarked that attitudes towards mutants do not make sense in the context of the Marvel Universe, since non-mutants with similar powers are rarely regarded with fear; X-Men editor Ann Nocenti remarked that "I think that's literary, really - because there is no difference between Colossus and the Torch.

" These instances can also serve as analogies for the way that minority groups establish subcultures and neighborhoods of their own that distinguish them from the broader general culture.

In Grant Morrison's stories of the early 2000s, mutants are portrayed as a distinct subculture with "mutant bands," mutant use of code-names as their primary form of self-identity (rather than their given birth names), and a popular mutant fashion designer who created outfits tailored to mutant physiology.

The series District X takes place in an area of New York City called "Mutant Town.

At one point he even utters the words "never again" in a 1992 episode of the X-Men animated series.

They were born that way. '"In

Transgender issues also come up with shapechangers like Mystique, Copycat, and Courier who can change gender at will.

Communism and socialism: Occasionally, undercurrents of the real-life "Red Scare" are present or the events of the Red Scare in history are alluded to.

Publication history | All-New, All-Different X-Men

The growing popularity of Uncanny X-Men and the rise of comic book specialty stores led to the introduction of a number of ongoing spin-off series nicknamed "X-Books.

And I took the cowardly way out.

It has been said that the comic books and the X-Men animated series delved into the AIDS epidemic with a long-running plot line about the Legacy Virus, a seemingly incurable disease thought at first to attack only mutants (similar to the AIDS virus which at first was spread through the gay community).

The X-men series was popular partly because it tackled social issues in a way and brought them to light.


For some time, Gell-Mann was undecided on an actual spelling for the term he intended to coin, until he found the word quark in James Joyce's book Finnegans Wake: The word quark itself is a Slavic borrowing in German and denotes a dairy product, but is also a colloquial term for "rubbish".

The most common baryons are the proton and the neutron, the building blocks of the atomic nucleus.

Sea quarks form when a gluon of the hadron's color field splits; this process also works in reverse in that the annihilation of two sea quarks produces a gluon.

Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, whereas strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and in particle accelerators).

When a gluon is transferred between quarks, a color change occurs in both; for example, if a red quark emits a red–antigreen gluon, it becomes green, and if a green quark absorbs a red–antigreen gluon, it becomes red.

The only exception is the top quark, which may decay before it hadronizes.

qq) pairs known as sea quarks (qs).

Interacting quarks | Other phases of quark matter

The quark–gluon plasma would be characterized by a great increase in the number of heavier quark pairs in relation to the number of up and down quark pairs.

Conversely, as the distance between quarks increases, the binding force strengthens.

Above a certain energy threshold, pairs of quarks and antiquarks are created.

This phenomenon is known as color confinement: quarks never appear in isolation.

Quark is a common work for trash.


Brown received five years of probation and was ordered to stay 50 yards (46 m) away from Rihanna, unless at public events, which then would be reduced to 10 yards (9 m).On September 2, 2009, Brown spoke about the domestic violence case in a pre-recorded Larry King Live interview, his first public interview about the matter.

He was accompanied to the interview by his mother, Joyce Hawkins, and attorney Mark Geragos, as he discussed growing up in a household with his mother being repeatedly assaulted by his stepfather.

Life and music career | 1988–2003: Early life

Rihanna's father used to physically abuse her mother and she would try to get in between them to break up fights.

Time named her as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2012 and 2018.

Having sold over 250 million records, Rihanna is one of the world's best-selling music artists.

Rihanna is one of the best-selling music artists, having sold over 250 million records worldwide as of September 2018.

Nico Amarca of Highsnobiety magazine wrote "over the course of her now 10-year career, [Rihanna] has undergone one of the most significant aesthetic metamorphoses the world has ever seen".

Reports surfaced that Brown had physically assaulted her.

Rihanna currently owns a $14 million penthouse in Manhattan, New York.

During Rihanna's third annual "Diamond Ball", the former President of the United States, Barack Obama, praised Rihanna's work and stated: "You've become a powerful force in the fight to give people dignity.

Life and music career | 2009–2011: Rated R and Loud

Reports surfaced that then-boyfriend, singer Chris Brown, had physically assaulted her.

Rihanna's ex-boyfriend tried to excuse his propensity for hitting her by telling people he survived having seen his own mother physically harmed by her spouse on a regular basis.


He worked 18 World Series, which is a major league record.

They had no children. Klem died on September 16, 1951, at age 77, at Doctors Hospital in Coral Gables, Florida.

Klem's wife was named Marie. She often traveled with him to games that he worked.

To this day, Klem holds the record for MLB games umpired - he finished his career having umpired 5,375 regular season MLB games (all in the National League), 103 postseason games (all in World Series), and two MLB All-Star Games.

He worked a record 18 World Series: 1908, 1909, 1911, 1912, 1913, 1914, 1915, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1922, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1934 and 1940.

Klem also dismissed catcher Al López from a game after López pasted a newspaper clipping onto home plate which showed Klem clearly in error calling a play involving López.

" His wife was his only survivor.

In 1962, the Houston chapter of the Baseball Writers' Association of America established the Bill Klem Award to honor outstanding NL umpires.

Of the 16 major league teams in existence during his career, all but one—the St. Louis Browns, who would not win a pennant until 1944—appeared in a World Series that he officiated; the only other teams which did not win a championship with Klem on the field were the Brooklyn Dodgers, Philadelphia Phillies (neither of which won a title during Klem's lifetime) and the Detroit Tigers.

No other umpire has worked in more than ten Series.

Bill Klem played in 18 World Series games and had no children with his wife, Marie.


Sutton appeared as a celebrity panelist on several occasions on Match Game between 1976 and 1981.

Don Sutton Ball Park in Molino was named in his honor.

Here's a guy who is going to win you 15-20 games every year, and he never misses a start... He should really help the Brewers." Sutton earned a win in a 1982 playoff game against the Angels, then started two games in the 1982 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals.

In August 1978, Sutton captured media attention after a physical altercation with teammate Steve Garvey.

Defensively, he was above average, recording a .968 fielding percentage which was 15 points higher than the league average at his position.

His father tried logging and construction work, and in looking for work, moved the family to Molino, Florida, just north of Pensacola.

In 17 postseason innings that year, Sutton gave up 14 earned runs.

Sutton had criticized what he thought was excessive media attention paid to Garvey, saying that Reggie Smith was really the team's best player.

Sutton holds another record: seven times in his career, he pitched nine scoreless innings but got a no-decision.

As a hitter, Sutton was below average as pitchers go, posting a .144 batting average (195-for-1354) with 64 RBI and 60 bases on balls.

Don Sutton considered himself above lesser mediums of entertainment than tough, sweaty ball games, and so never tried to participate in non-baseball media.


Post-playing career and accolades | Illness

On March 16, 2014, Schmidt disclosed that he battled stage-3 melanoma cancer during the summer of 2013, but he is now cancer-free.

Post-playing career and accolades | Coaching

In October 2003, Schmidt was named the manager of the Phillies' Single A Florida State League affiliate, the Clearwater Threshers.

Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1980–1986

A day later, Schmidt hit his 48th home run of the season in the 11th inning to give the Phillies the 6–4 extra innings victory over the Expos, and clinch the division.

Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1972–1979

Four days later, in Philadelphia on September 16, Schmidt ended Montreal Expos pitcher Balor Moore's streak of 25 scoreless innings pitched with his first career home run.

Professional baseball career | Major Leagues | 1987–1989

Trailing the Pittsburgh Pirates 6–5 in the top of the ninth inning at Three Rivers Stadium on April 18, 1987, Schmidt hit his 500th career home run, a three-run shot off of Don Robinson.

Post-playing career and accolades | Broadcasting

In 2015, Schmidt added Saturday home games to his schedule, creating a "Weekends with Schmidt" format.

Schmidt subsequently, did on-field reporting throughout the series.

Schmidt has publicly expressed his thoughts on various baseball controversies.

Post-playing career and accolades | Philanthropy

In 2008, Schmidt released a wine called Mike Schmidt 548 Zinfandel, a reference to his 548 career home runs, with proceeds also going to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation.

In 2001, Schmidt began sponsoring an annual fishing tournament known as the Mike Schmidt Winner's Circle Invitational at Old Bahama Bay in West End, Grand Bahama Island.

Professional baseball career | Minor Leagues

Schmidt stayed in Reading, spending the rest of the 1971 season at the Double-A level.

Schmidt died from a stroke in 2003.


Ideologically a communist, he developed a variant of Marxism known as Trotskyism.

The struggle which is in the offing transcends by far the importance of individuals, factions and parties.

Early political activities and life (1896–1917) | First emigration and second marriage (1902–1903)

Until this point in his life, Trotsky had used his birth name: Lev (Leon) Bronstein.

Russian Revolution and aftermath | Left opposition (1923–1924)

In the end, only three delegates voted for Trotsky's position, and the Conference denounced "Trotskyism" as a "petty bourgeois deviation".

The foundation "International Friends of the Leon Trotsky Museum" has been organized to raise funds to improve the museum further.

Russian Revolution and aftermath | Lenin's illness (1922–1923)

This upset the troika, already infuriated by Karl Radek's article, "Leon Trotsky – Organiser of Victory" published in Pravda on 14 March 1923.

[O.S. 26 October] 1879 – 21 August 1940), better known as Leon Trotsky (), was a Russian revolutionary, political theorist and politician.

Trotsky's house in Coyoacán has been preserved in much the same condition as it was on the day he was assassinated there, and is now the Leon Trotsky Museum in Mexico City, run by a board which includes his grandson Esteban Volkov.

Leon Trotsky was born Lev Davidovich Bronstein to David Leontyevich Bronstein (1847-1922) and Anna Lvovna (née Zhivotovskaya, 1850-1910) on 7 November 1879, the fifth child of a Ukrainian-Jewish family of wealthy farmers in Yanovka or Yanivka, in the Kherson governorate of the Russian Empire (now Bereslavka, in Ukraine), a small village 24 kilometres (15 mi) from the nearest post office.

Contributions to Marxist theory | Permanent Revolution

Although most closely associated with Leon Trotsky, the call for Permanent Revolution is first found in the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in March 1850, in the aftermath of the 1848 Revolution, in their Address of the Central Committee to the Communist League: It is our interest and our task to make the revolution permanent until all the more or less propertied classes have been driven from their ruling positions, until the proletariat has conquered state power and until the association of the proletarians has progressed sufficiently far – not only in one country but in all the leading countries of the world – that competition between the proletarians of these countries ceases and at least the decisive forces of production are concentrated in the hands of the workers. ... Their battle-cry must be: The Permanent Revolution.

Leon Trotsky was the creator of Trotskyism.


Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was king of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

Charles was one of the most popular and beloved kings of England, known as the Merry Monarch, in reference to both the liveliness and hedonism of his court and the general relief at the return to normality after over a decade of rule by Cromwell and the Puritans.

His parents were Charles I, who ruled the three kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, and Henrietta Maria, the sister of the French king Louis XIII.

Hutton, Ronald (1989), Charles II: King of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Oxford: Clarendon Press, ISBN 0

However, England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a de facto republic led by Oliver Cromwell.

Above all, Charles promised to rule in cooperation with Parliament.

For the remainder of his reign, Charles ruled without Parliament.

Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France.

Charles was succeeded by his brother, who became James II of England and Ireland and James VII of Scotland.

Titles, styles, honours and arms | Titles and styles

The official style of Charles II was "Charles the Second, by the Grace of God, King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, etc." The claim to France was only nominal, and had been asserted by every English monarch since Edward III, regardless of the amount of French territory actually controlled.

Charles II of England ruled as king over four separate countries.


English was an official language during the Mandate period; it lost this status after the establishment of Israel, but retains a role comparable to that of an official language, as may be seen in road signs and official documents.

Israel has one official language, Hebrew.

In addition, Israeli universities offer courses in the English language on various subjects.

Many Israelis communicate reasonably well in English, as many television programs are broadcast in English with subtitles and the language is taught from the early grades in elementary school.

Proficiency in core subjects such as mathematics, the Hebrew language, Hebrew and general literature, the English language, history, Biblical scripture and civics is necessary to receive a Bagrut certificate.

Arabic had been an official language of the State of Israel; in 2018 it was downgraded to having a 'special status in the state' with its use by state institutions to be set in law.

Hebrew is the primary language of the state and is spoken every day by the majority of the population.

Israeli literature is primarily poetry and prose written in Hebrew, as part of the renaissance of Hebrew as a spoken language since the mid-19th century, although a small body of literature is published in other languages, such as English.

On 19 July 2018, the Israeli Parliament passed a Basic Law that characterizes the State of Israel as principally a "Nation State of the Jewish People," and Hebrew as its official language.

Jews were encouraged to speak Hebrew in the place of other languages, a Hebrew school system began to emerge, and new words were coined or borrowed from other languages for modern inventions and concepts.

In addition to Hebrew, Israel recognizes English as an official language.


Calaway married his second wife, Sara Frank, in 2000.

In 2010, he married former wrestler Michelle McCool.

Legacy and reception | Reaction to later career

Callaway stated that, after suffering a severe concussion against Lesnar, he lost his confidence.

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Return of The Deadman (2004–2007)

taped on July 4, 2005, the SmackDown!

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | WWF Champion (1991–1994)

According to Callaway, working with González was "It was survival every night trying to figure out what he could do" and "took years off my career".

The Undertaker lost to Khali and he did not appear again until the July 4 episode of SmackDown!

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Ministry of Darkness (1998–1999)

The Undertaker attempted to marry Stephanie before sacrificing her in an eldritch ceremony conducted by Paul Bearer, but Austin was able to rescue her.

WCW Tag Team Championship (1 time) – with Kane World Heavyweight Championship (3 times) WWF/WWE Championship (4 times) WWF Hardcore Championship (1 time) WWF World Tag Team Championship (6 times) – with Stone Cold Steve Austin (1), Big Show (2), The Rock (1), and Kane (2) Royal Rumble (2007) Tuwaiq Trophy (2020) Slammy Award (12 times) Best Entrance Music (1997) Best Tattoo (1997) Match of the Year (2009, 2010, 2012, 2015) vs. Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXV, vs. Shawn Michaels at WrestleMania XXVI, vs. Triple H in a Hell in a Cell match at WrestleMania XXVIII

Calaway was married to his first wife Jodi Lynn between 1989 and 1999; they had a son, Gunner Vincent Calaway, born in 1993.

Professional wrestling career | World Wrestling Federation/Entertainment/WWE | Big Evil (2001–2003)

The first, on the September 4 SmackDown!, against Kurt Angle, ended in a no contest, due to interference from Brock Lesnar.

Callaway has been married 4 times.


It is the world's largest and highest valued semiconductor chip manufacturer based on revenue, and is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most personal computers (PCs).

While the 1101 was a significant advance, its complex static cell structure made it too slow and costly for mainframe memories.

The three-transistor cell implemented in the first commercially available dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), the 1103 released in 1970, solved these issues.

Product and market history | Wearable fashion (2014)

The Intel smart earbuds provide full stereo audio, and monitor heart rate, while the applications on the user's phone keep track of run distance and calories burned.

The company's name was conceived as portmanteau of the words integrated and electronics, with co-founder Noyce having been a key inventor of the integrated circuit (the microchip).

Corporate history | Acquisitions and investments (2010–present)

Intel planned to use Infineon's technology in laptops, smart phones, netbooks, tablets and embedded computers in consumer products, eventually integrating its wireless modem into Intel's silicon chips.

Intel was founded in Mountain View, California, in 1968 by Gordon E. Moore (known for "Moore's law"), a chemist, and Robert Noyce, a physicist and co-inventor of the integrated circuit.

Corporate affairs | Marketing | Intel Inside

Intel wanted MicroAge to petition its computer suppliers to favor Intel chips.

Intel would pay for a MicroAge billboard somewhere saying, "If you're buying a personal computer, make sure it has Intel inside." In turn, MicroAge would put "Intel Inside" stickers on the Intel-based computers in their stores in that area.

Product and market history | Intel, x86 processors, and the IBM PC | "Intel Inside" and other campaigns

The first campaign, the 1991 "Intel Inside" marketing and branding campaign, is widely known and has become synonymous with Intel itself.

Intel is the inventor of cell phones.


The screenplay, co-written by Coppola and John Milius and narration written by Michael Herr, was loosely based on the 1899 novella Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad.

It was also listed as the second best war film by viewers on Channel 4's 100 Greatest War Films and was the second rated war movie of all time based on the Movifone list (after Schindler's List) and the IMDb War movie list (after The Longest Day).

Roger Ebert considered it to be the finest film on the Vietnam War and included it on his list for the 2002 Sight & Sound poll for the greatest movie of all time.

Apocalypse Now is today considered to be one of the greatest films ever made.

Now is the best Vietnam film, one of the greatest of all films, because it pushes beyond the others, into the dark places of the soul.

It ranked No. 14 in Sight & Sound's greatest films poll in 2012, and No. 6 in the Director's Poll of greatest films of all time.

Commentators have debated whether Apocalypse Now is an anti-war or pro-war film.

The film was re-released on August 28, 1987, in six cities to capitalize on the success of Platoon, Full Metal Jacket, and other Vietnam War movies.

Release | Alternative and varied endings

At the time of its release, discussion and rumors circulated about the supposed various endings for Apocalypse Now.

Entertainment Weekly ranked Apocalypse Now as having one of the "10 Best Surfing Scenes" in cinema.

In 2001, Coppola released Apocalypse Now Redux in cinemas and subsequently on DVD.

Apocalypse Now is a movie about the Vietnam War and is based on the director's time while fighting.


This one is most memorable for the Edict of Worms (Wormser Edikt), which addressed Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.

The Diet of Worms 1521 (German: Reichstag zu Worms

The main events of the Diet of Worms relating to Luther took place from 16 to 18 April 1521.

Emperor Charles V commenced the Imperial Diet of Worms on 23 January 1521.

Other imperial diets took place at Worms in the years 829, 926, 1076, 1122, 1495, and 1545, but unless plainly qualified, the term "Diet of Worms" usually refers to the assembly of 1521.

Martin Luther's powerful testimony of faith at the Diet of Worms in 1521 made an indelible impression upon the mind of George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, who turned his eyes to the new faith earlier than any other German prince or any other member of the House of Hohenzollern.

The Edict of Worms was a decree issued on 25 May 1521 by Emperor Charles V, declaring:  For this reason we forbid anyone from this time forward to dare, either by words or by deeds, to receive, defend, sustain, or favour

It was conducted from 28 January to 25 May 1521, with the Emperor Charles V presiding.

In December 1521, Jacob Proost, prior of the Augustinian monastery in Antwerp, was the first Luther-supporting cleric to be arrested and prosecuted under the terms of the Worms Edict.

The Papal nuncio at the diet, Girolamo Aleandro, drew up and proposed the denunciations of Luther that were embodied in the Edict of Worms, promulgated on

The Diet of Worms was also the occasion for Charles V to reform the administration of the Empire.

The 1521 The Diet of Worms 1521 talked about Martin Luther.


The gate is the monumental entry to Unter den Linden, a boulevard of linden trees which led directly to the royal City Palace of the Prussian monarchs.

It is located in the western part of the city centre of Berlin within Mitte, at the junction of Unter den Linden and Ebertstraße, immediately west of the Pariser Platz.

Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate!

The new gate was commissioned by Frederick William II of Prussia to represent peace and was originally named the Peace Gate (German: Friedenstor).

The gate, along with the broad Straße des 17.

The gate was previously illuminated after attacks in Jerusalem and Orlando.

When the Nazis ascended to power, they used the gate as a party symbol.

The Brandenburg Gate has played different political roles in German history.

The gate was badly damaged with holes in the columns from bullets and nearby explosions.

The gate was the first element of a "new Athens on the River Spree" by architect Langhans.

The gate is the entry to Unter den Linden.


A London Films television film version of Kim was made in 1984.

An MGM film adaptation of the novel, directed by Victor Saville and produced by Leon Gordon, was released in 1950.

In 1960, a one-hour color adaptation of Kim was televised on NBC's anthology series Shirley Temple's Storybook.

It was adapted by Helen Deutsch and Leon Gordon, and starred Errol Flynn, Dean Stockwell, Paul Lukas, Robert Douglas, Thomas Gomez and Cecil Kellaway.

Even in the book the formation ensign belonged to an establishment in Ambala.

Antal Szerb mentions Kipling's Kim in his book (pages no. 9 and 10) The Pendragon Legend briefly, when a person sitting next to the protagonist in the library seems not to know what to read nor how to request a book.

a reissue of the novel in 1959 by Macmillan, the reviewer opines " Kim is a book worked at three levels.

" The book presents a vivid picture of India, its teeming populations, religions, and superstitions, and the life of the bazaars and the road.

It featured a music score by André Previn.

Tony Haig portrayed Kim, Michael Rennie played Captain Creighton, and Alan Napier played Colonel Devlin.

The episode has been released on DVD.

The very latest adaptation of this book  to other media was done in the 80's.


The poems are each listed below: Songs of Experience is a poetry collection of 26 poems forming the second part of William Blake's Songs of Innocence and of Experience.

Tate Publishing, in collaboration with The William Blake Trust, produced a folio edition containing all of the songs of Innocence and Experience in 2006.

Songs of Innocence and of Experience is a collection of illustrated poems by William Blake.

Some of the poems, such as "The Little Girl Lost" and "The Little Girl Found", were moved by Blake to Songs of Innocence and were frequently moved between the two books.

24", a setting of five poems from Songs of Innocence for solo voice and piano in 2013.

Songs of Innocence was originally a complete work first printed in 1789.

It is a conceptual collection of 19 poems, engraved with artwork.

The folk musician Greg Brown recorded sixteen of the poems on his 1987 album Songs of Innocence and of Experience and by Finn Coren in his Blake Project.

It appeared in two phases: a few first copies were printed and illuminated by Blake himself in 1789; five years later he bound these poems with a set of new poems in a volume titled Songs of Innocence and of Experience Shewing the Two Contrary States of the Human Soul.

The poems were published in 1794 (see 1794 in poetry).

Songs of Innocence contains only one poem.


James was the only son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and her second husband, Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley.

Rule in Scotland | Highlands and Islands

His natural son Robert led an unsuccessful rebellion against James, and the Earl and his son were hanged.

James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625.

It was against this background that James VI authorised the "Gentleman Adventurers of Fife" to civilise the "most barbarous Isle of Lewis" in 1598.

Succeeded James I & VI. Robert, Duke of Kintyre (18 January 1602 – 27 May 1602).

The Gaelic language, spoken fluently by James IV and probably by James V, became known in the time of James VI as "Erse" or Irish, implying that it was foreign in nature.

James left the church in Scotland divided at his death, a source of future problems for his son.

Mary's rule over Scotland was insecure, and she and her husband, being Roman Catholics, faced a rebellion by Protestant noblemen.

The Earl of Moray defeated Mary's troops at the Battle of Langside, forcing her to flee to England, where she was subsequently kept in confinement by Elizabeth.

In a later letter written in England to his son Henry, James congratulates the prince on "the discovery of yon little counterfeit wench.

James VI was Mary's youngest son.


The Buddha was born into an aristocratic family, in the Shakya clan but eventually renounced lay life.

The earliest Buddhist sources state that the Buddha was born to an aristocratic Kshatriya (Pali: khattiya) family called Gotama (Sanskrit: Gautama), who were part of the Shakyas, a tribe of rice-farmers living near the modern border of India and Nepal.

This and the evidence of the early texts suggests that he was born into the Shakya clan, a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the eastern Indian subcontinent in the 5th century BCE.

This is unlikely however, as many scholars think that Śuddhodana was merely a Shakya aristocrat (khattiya), and that the Shakya republic was not a hereditary monarchy.

the son of Śuddhodana, "an elected chief of the Shakya clan", whose capital was Kapilavastu, and who were later annexed by the growing Kingdom of Kosala during the Buddha's lifetime.

However, her son is said to have been born on the way, at Lumbini, in a garden beneath a sal tree.

Gautama was the family name. His mother, Maya (Māyādevī), Suddhodana's wife, was a Koliyan princess.

One of Gautama's usual names was "Sakamuni" or "Sakyamunī" ("Sage of the Shakyas").

Buddha's Birthday is called Buddha Purnima in Nepal, Bangladesh, and India as he is believed to have been born on a full moon day.

Biography | First sermon and formation of the saṅgha

The Theravāda Vinaya and the Catusparisat-sūtra also speak of the conversion of Yasa, a local guild master, and his friends and family, who were some of the first laypersons to be converted and to enter the Buddhist community.

Gautama Buddha was born into an aristocratic family in the Shakya clan.


His father (who had played minor league baseball for the St. Louis Cardinals and roomed with Stan Musial), worked in a Steubenville steel mill.

Baseball-Reference.com ranks Fingers's moustache as the best in history.

Fingers's effectiveness as a relief pitcher helped redefine the value of relievers within baseball and helped usher in the modern closer role.

The first book inspired a sequel, released March 16, 2010 by Fingers and Ritter: The Rollie Fingers Baseball Bible: Lists and Lore, Stories and Stats, Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press.

On April 1, 2009 Rollie Fingers and co-author Christopher "Yellowstone" Ritter released: Rollie's Follies: A Hall of Fame Revue of Baseball Lists and Lore, Stats and Stories, Cincinnati, Ohio: Clerisy Press.

In 1999, he ranked Number 96 on The Sporting News list of Baseball's Greatest Players, and was nominated as a finalist for the Major League Baseball All-Century Team.

Fingers's reply to Reds general manager Bill Bergesch was: "Well, you tell Marge Schott to shave her Saint Bernard, and I'll shave my moustache".

You deserve this." In 1994/1995 a comedy segment entitled "Rollie TV", concerning a fictitious cable television channel devoted solely to the life of Rollie Fingers and helmed by a Fingers-obsessed host named Greg Shuttlecock, aired once a week on The Steve Dahl Radio Show on WMVP 1000 AM in Chicago.

A "Rollie TV" skit had originally aired in 1993 on Toth and Johnson's Chicago cable TV show Color TV and was then adapted into segments for radio.

Bowie Kuhn, the Commissioner of Baseball, nullified the sale, saying that the transactions were "not in the best interests of baseball".

ISBN 978-1-57860-342-8. Rollie Fingers and four other members of his family appeared on a 1983 episode of the game show Family Feud.

Rollie Fingers' dad was also a baseball player.


On 21 August 1969, a fire was  started by a visitor from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan.

The mosque was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 746 and rebuilt by the Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754.

It was rebuilt again in 780. Another earthquake destroyed most of al-Aqsa in 1033, but two years later the Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir built another mosque whose outline is preserved in the current structure.

Fifteen years later, negotiation between Israel and Jordan might result in allowing visitors to enter once again.

History | Earthquakes and reconstructions

The Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam, built the northern porch of the mosque with three gates in 1218.

The Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir rebuilt and completely renovated the mosque between 1034 and 1036.

Severe damage was caused by the 1837 and 1927 earthquakes, but the mosque was repaired in 1938 and 1942.On 20 July 1951, King Abdullah I was shot three times by a Palestinian gunman as he entered the mosque, killing him.

In 713–14, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying the eastern section of the mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule.

Police fired tear gas and rubber bullets at the crowd, injuring 24 people.

In 780, His successor Muhammad al-Mahdi had it rebuilt, but curtailed its length and increased its breadth.

Al-Aqsa Mosque was ruined in a fire but rebuilt three years later.


The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta.

A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states.

The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War.

The Second War (413–404 BC) | Athens recovers

Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire.

Conflict between the states flared up again in 465 BC, when a helot revolt broke out in Sparta.

This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians.

In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth.

The war also wrought subtler changes to Greek society; the conflict between democratic Athens and oligarchic Sparta, each of which supported friendly political factions within other states, made war a common occurrence in the Greek world.

Ancient Greek warfare, meanwhile, originally a limited and formalized form of conflict, was transformed into an all-out struggle between city-states, complete with atrocities on a large scale.

Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia; in the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta attempted to prevent the reconstruction of the walls of Athens (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed.

The war was fought between the Romans and the Goths.


Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners.

With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches.

The story was the longest one published as part of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon".

"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is a gothic story by American author Washington Irving, contained in his collection of 34 essays and short stories entitled The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent..

Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie.

Sleepy Hollow (1948), a Broadway musical, with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and Miriam Battista.

It lasted 12 performances. Sleepy Hollow (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark.

It was rereleased individually in 1958 as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.

In a Postscript (sometimes unused in certain editions), the narrator states the circumstances in which he heard the story from an old gentleman "at a Corporation meeting at the ancient city of Manhattoes", who didn't "believe one-half of it [himself]." Irving wrote The Sketch Book during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins.

Written while Irving was living abroad in Birmingham, England, "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was first published in 1820.

Out of all the movies about The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, the Burton one is the most accurate to the book.


Despite America's beginnings as an isolationist country, the foundation of the Monroe Doctrine was already being laid even during George Washington's presidency.

While not specifically the Monroe Doctrine, Alexander Hamilton desired to control the sphere of influence in the Western Hemisphere, particularly in North America, but this was extended to the Latin American colonies by the Monroe Doctrine.

But Hamilton, writing in the Federalist Papers, was already wanting to establish America as a world power and hoped that America would suddenly become strong enough to keep the European powers outside of the Americas, despite the fact that the European countries controlled much more of the Americas than the U.S. itself.

Smith argued that the founding of the United Nations played a role in the establishing this global protectorate situation.

Effects | Latin American reinterpretation

Control of the Monroe doctrine thus shifted to the multilateral Organization of American States (OAS) founded in 1948.In 1954, Secretary of State John Foster Dulles invoked the Monroe Doctrine at the 10th Pan-American Conference in Caracas, Venezuela, denouncing the intervention of Soviet Communism in Guatemala.

No action was taken by the US, and George C. Herring writes that the inaction "confirmed Latin American and especially Argentine suspicions of the United States." In 1838–50 Argentina was blockaded by the French and, later, the British.

In the 1870s, President Ulysses S. Grant and his Secretary of State Hamilton Fish endeavored to supplant European influence in Latin America with that of the U.S.

A 1940 national survey found that 81% supported defending Canada; 75% Mexico and Central America; 69% South America; 66% West Indies; and 59% Greenland.

Hamilton expected that the United States would become the dominant power in the New World and would, in the future, act as an intermediary between the European powers and any new countries blossoming near the U.S.In a note from James Madison (Thomas Jefferson's Secretary of State and a future president) to the U.S. ambassador to Spain, the federal government expressed the opposition of the American government to further territorial acquisition by European powers.

The supplementary principle of the Monroe Doctrine, that Europe must keep out of America, was still over the horizon".

The Monroe Doctrine has its foundings in the writings of Alexander Hamilton.


Baseball career | Chicago Cubs (1984-1986)

Eckersley noted in Pluto's book that he realized the problem he had after family members videotaped him while drunk and played the tape back for him the next day.

After the season, he checked himself into a rehabilitation clinic to treat alcoholism.

Baseball career | Cleveland Indians (1975-1977)

On May 30, 1977, Eckersley no-hit the California Angels 1-0 at Cleveland Stadium.

Dennis Lee Eckersley (born October 3, 1954), nicknamed "Eck", is an American former professional baseball pitcher.

His unstyled, long hair, moustache, and live fastball made him an instant and identifiable fan favorite.

He had pinpoint accuracy, and fellow Hall of Famer Goose Gossage said of him, "He could hit a gnat in the butt with a pitch if he wanted to.”

Baseball career | Return to Red Sox (1998)

Eckersley announced his retirement in December 1998.

Eckersley was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2004, his first year of eligibility.

Eckersley pitched reliably over three seasons with the Indians.

Baseball career | Oakland Athletics (1987-1995)

Indeed, Eckersley started two games with the A's before an injury to

Eckersley married his first wife Denise in 1973 and they had a daughter, Mandee Eckersley.

then-closer Jay Howell opened the door for Eckersley to move into the closer's role.

Dennis Eckersley went to rehab after he hit a fan with a baseball because he was inebriated.


What has become known as the People's Crusade passed through Germany and indulged in wide-ranging anti-Jewish activities and massacres.

The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule.

The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period.

Historical context | Situation in Europe

Augustine wrote that an aggressive war was sinful, but a "just war" could be rationalised if proclaimed by a legitimate authority such as a king or bishop, it was defensive or for the recovery of lands, and a it did not involve excessive violence.

A Christian theology of war inevitably evolved from when Roman citizenship and Christianity became linked.

It was a holy war but differed from the First Crusade as there was no pilgrimage, no vow and no formal authorisation by the church.

It is impossible to estimate the numbers involved.

In the sack they killed most of the Muslim inhabitants and many Christian Greeks, Syrians and Armenians in the confusion.

The attacks may have originated in the belief that Jews and Muslims were equally enemies of Christ, and enemies were to be fought or converted to Christianity.

The Muslim rulers did not require total submission to Islam from Jews or Christians because they were considered People of the Book or dhimmi.

It was political and religious fragmentation that brought this expansion to an end.

The First Crusade was a religious war between the Muslims and the Christians and involved anti-Jewish activities.


The Song of Songs is unique within the Hebrew Bible: it shows no interest in Law or Covenant or the God of Israel, nor does it teach or explore wisdom like Proverbs or Ecclesiastes (although it does have some affinities to wisdom literature, as the ascription to Solomon indicates); instead, it celebrates sexual love, giving "the voices of two lovers, praising each other, yearning for each other, proffering invitations to enjoy".

The Song of Songs, also Song of Solomon or Canticles (Hebrew: שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים

Canonisation and interpretation | Judaism

"It is one of the overtly mystical Biblical texts for the Kabbalah, which gave esoteric interpretation on all the Hebrew Bible.

Canonisation and interpretation | Christianity

These theological themes are not in the poem, but derive from a theological reading; nevertheless, what is notable about this approach is the way it leads to conclusions not found in the overtly theological books of the Bible.

Subject of the Song I Hate Heaven by The Residents, which is featured in their bible

The Song of Songs: A Love Poem Illustrated presents a series of paintings that visualize the book.

Eliza Gilkyson's "Rose of Sharon" on her album "Your town tonight" is based on her reading of Song of Songs in a hotel room Gideon Bible, as explained in her intro to the song.

The most reliable evidence for its date is its language: Aramaic gradually replaced Hebrew after the end of the Babylonian exile in the late 6th century BCE, and the evidence of vocabulary, morphology, idiom and syntax clearly points to a late date, centuries after King Solomon to whom it is traditionally attributed.

"The Song of Solomon" by British singer Kate Bush on her 1993 album, The Red Shoes, is largely based on the Song of Songs.

The piece is inspired by Song of Songs and is performed by an amplified quintet of female singers with female and male narrators performing the "Song of Solomon".

The Song of Solomon diverges from most books in the Hebrew bible.


The stories had all been previously published in magazines and annuals, hence the name.

In 1963, United Artists released a horror trilogy film titled Twice-Told Tales, with content very loosely adapted from three Hawthorne stories.

"Edgar Allan Poe wrote a well-known two-part review of the second edition of Twice-Told Tales, published in the April and May 1842 issues of Graham's Magazine.

"The Grolier Club later named Twice-Told Tales the most influential book of 1837.

Twice-Told Tales is a short story collection in two volumes by Nathaniel Hawthorne.

He did, however, express praise at the use of short stories (Poe was a tale-writer himself) and said they "rivet the attention" of the reader.

The three stories were: "Dr. Heidegger's Experiment", which actually was one of the "Twice-Told Tales"; the Hawthorne novel

"To this little book", Longfellow wrote, "we would say, 'Live ever, sweet, sweet book.'

In a new preface, Hawthorne wrote that the stories "may be understood and felt by anybody, who will give himself the trouble to read it, and will take up the book in a proper mood." About a week after the publication of the book, Hawthorne sent a copy to his classmate from Bowdoin College, the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.

Hawthorne had help in promoting the book from Elizabeth Peabody.

Twice-Told Tales stories were released in magazines before the book.