"""
Reference preprocessing for the SAGE real-world network dataset release.

The release ships *raw observational states* only. This script reproduces the
preprocessing the SAGE pipeline applies before equation discovery:

    1. optional temporal aggregation  (mean-pooling over `resample` steps)
    2. Savitzky-Golay smoothing       (preserves higher-order moments)
    3. temporal derivatives           (analytic derivative of the SG fit)
    4. train / validation / test split (blocked, time-ordered)

Split ratios follow the paper: 60 / 20 / 20, always contiguous in time -- never
shuffled -- because temporal order is what makes derivative estimation valid.

    python preprocess.py                       # all datasets, paper settings
    python preprocess.py --dataset power_grid  # one dataset
    python preprocess.py --no-smooth --no-derivative

Dependencies: numpy, scipy.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import argparse

import numpy as np
from scipy.signal import savgol_filter

from load_dataset import AVAILABLE, load

# Per-dataset SG settings used in the paper. sg_window is in samples and must be
# odd; sg_order is the local polynomial degree.
SAVGOL = {
    "urban_mobile_communication": dict(window=7, order=2, resample=6),
    "brain_eeg": dict(window=7, order=2, resample=1),
    "power_grid": dict(window=5, order=2, resample=1),
    "urban_rail_transit": dict(window=7, order=2, resample=1),
}

SPLIT = (0.6, 0.2, 0.2)


def _odd(n: int) -> int:
    return n if n % 2 == 1 else n + 1


def aggregate(states: np.ndarray, window: int, dt: float) -> tuple[np.ndarray, float]:
    """Mean-pool `states` (T, N, D) over `window` consecutive samples."""
    if window <= 1:
        return states, dt
    t, n, d = states.shape
    usable = (t // window) * window
    pooled = states[:usable].reshape(usable // window, window, n, d).mean(axis=1)
    return pooled, dt * window


def smooth(states: np.ndarray, window: int, order: int) -> np.ndarray:
    """Savitzky-Golay filter along the time axis of (T, N, D) data."""
    window = min(_odd(window), states.shape[0] - 1)
    return savgol_filter(states, window_length=window, polyorder=order, axis=0)


def derivative(states: np.ndarray, window: int, order: int, dt: float) -> np.ndarray:
    """Analytic derivative of the Savitzky-Golay fit, per unit time."""
    window = min(_odd(window), states.shape[0] - 1)
    return savgol_filter(
        states, window_length=window, polyorder=order, deriv=1, delta=dt, axis=0
    )


def split_indices(t: int, ratios: tuple[float, float, float] = SPLIT):
    """Blocked, time-ordered train/val/test index arrays."""
    train = int(ratios[0] * t)
    val = int(ratios[1] * t)
    return (
        np.arange(0, train),
        np.arange(train, train + val),
        np.arange(train + val, t),
    )


def prepare(name: str, do_smooth: bool = True, do_derivative: bool = True) -> dict:
    """Run the full preprocessing chain for one dataset."""
    ds = load(name)
    cfg = SAVGOL[name]

    raw_dt = _dt_seconds(ds.metadata.get("dt", "1"))
    states, dt = aggregate(ds.states, cfg["resample"], raw_dt)

    dxdt = None
    if do_smooth:
        states = smooth(states, cfg["window"], cfg["order"])
    if do_derivative:
        dxdt = derivative(states, cfg["window"], cfg["order"], dt)

    train, val, test = split_indices(states.shape[0])
    return dict(
        name=name, states=states, dxdt=dxdt, dt=dt,
        adj=ds.adj, community=ds.community,
        train=train, val=val, test=test,
    )


def _dt_seconds(text: str) -> float:
    """Best-effort parse of the free-text `dt` field into seconds."""
    head = text.split("(")[0].split(";")[0].strip()
    parts = head.split()
    if not parts:
        return 1.0
    try:
        value = float(parts[0])
    except ValueError:
        return 1.0
    unit = parts[1].lower() if len(parts) > 1 else "s"
    return value * {"s": 1.0, "min": 60.0, "h": 3600.0}.get(unit, 1.0)


def main() -> int:
    ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(description=__doc__.split("\n")[1])
    ap.add_argument("--dataset", choices=AVAILABLE, default=None)
    ap.add_argument("--no-smooth", action="store_true")
    ap.add_argument("--no-derivative", action="store_true")
    args = ap.parse_args()

    names = [args.dataset] if args.dataset else list(AVAILABLE)
    for name in names:
        out = prepare(name, not args.no_smooth, not args.no_derivative)
        s = out["states"]
        shape = " x ".join(str(v) for v in (s.shape[0], s.shape[1], s.shape[2]))
        line = f"{name:28s} T x N x D = {shape:>16s}  dt={out['dt']:g}s"
        if out["dxdt"] is not None:
            line += f"  |dx/dt| mean = {np.abs(out['dxdt']).mean():.4g}"
        line += (f"  split {len(out['train'])}/{len(out['val'])}/{len(out['test'])}")
        print(line)
    return 0


if __name__ == "__main__":
    raise SystemExit(main())