diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d04.json b/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d04.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,15.16],[15.28,22.8],[22.92,30.52],[30.64,34.8]],"texts":["One polity controlled by these people was defeated at the Battle of Dongola, who had earlier taken the land from the Funj Sultanate.","Before a battle in which these people lost, the opposing general apocryphally said, \"forty centuries look down upon you\" to rally his troops and defeat the forces of Murad and Ibrahim Bey.","An Albanian mercenary seized power by tricking the leaders of this people into trap during the Massacre of the Citadel; that ruler was Muhammad Ali.","Another leader of these people, Qutuz, won the Battle of Ain Jalut against the Mongols, but was overthrown by another leader of these people called Baibars.","For 10 points, name these former rules of Egypt who were descended from Turkish slaves."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e04.json b/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e04.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,12.24],[12.36,25.4],[25.52,28.24],[28.36,31.84],[31.96,36.96]],"texts":["This structure houses the protein alpha-L-iduronidase, whose mutation causes intellectual and growth delays in Hurler syndrome.","The protein PCSK9 binds to LDL receptors, forcing them to ultimately go to these structures.","An autosomal recessive disease due to buildup of GM2 ganglioside is caused by a mutation in this structure's enzyme hexosaminidase A. Precursors to enzymes destined for this organelle undergo N-linked glycosylation with mannose-6-phosphate.","This organelle fuses with late endosomes.","This organelle's \"storage disorders\" include Tay-Sachs disease.","For 10 points, name this organelle that contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f04.json b/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1e5a63039bb83f03f7fc22cc121a0ca77d1a53d
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,12.24],[12.36,16.44],[16.56,21.08],[21.2,25.84],[25.96,32.76],[32.88,37.24]],"texts":["In this modern-day country, numerous clay tablets and the palace of king Zimri-Lim were found at the ancient site of Mari.","This country's Kurkh Monolith, recounting the Battle of Qarqar, attests to the existence of a historical King Ahab.","An ancient Greek name for this region called it \"hollow,\" or \"Coele\".","The Roman province with this name was merged with one to the south after the Bar Kokhba revolt.","Queen Zenobia founded a breakaway state of the Roman Empire in this country's city of Palmyra.","This country's present-day capital was famous for producing intricately-patterned steel, and was the seat of power of the Umayyad caliphs.","For 10 points, name this modern-day country home to Aleppo and Damascus."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5804.json b/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5804.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/04/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5804.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.76],[3.88,11.52],[11.64,19.4],[19.52,26.12],[26.24,29.36],[29.48,32.64]],"texts":["One leader of this country initiated \"Operation Drive out the Filth\".","That leader urged conciliation toward his country's minorities in a speech in English, then added \"we will crush the snakes\" in his native language.","This country was the site of guerrilla campaigns called chimurengas, and one of the less violent leaders of this country's independence movement was Archbishop Abel Muzorewa.","This country awarded the farms of its white community to \"war veterans\", then saw its agricultural productivity precipitously drop.","Another independence leader in this country was Joshua Nkomo.","For Ten Points, name this country currently led by Robert Mugabe."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8804.json b/tossups/04/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8804.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,14.28],[14.4,23.32],[23.44,30.12],[30.24,36.8],[36.92,41.8]],"texts":["In Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man, the narrator remembers secretly eating this food in class behind the cover of a large World Geography book.","The narrator later compares his love for this food to Bledsoe's \"shameless\" love for chitterlings and purchases another two of them, though one turns out to be frostbitten.","In Omeros, Philoctete grows a garden of this food and later destroys his entire harvest of it to show his ancestors what \"it's like without roots in the world.\" In a short story,","a lowly red-nosed samurai sees his craving for a soup of this food disappear after he accompanies Toshihito on a trip to his mansion.","Nwoye is chastised by Okonkwo because he is unable to properly grow this food, which titles an Akutagawa short story.","For 10 points, name this most important crop grown in Umuofia, a sweet-potato like vegetable."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae504.json b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae504.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,11.76],[11.88,18.64],[18.76,24.76],[24.88,30.64],[30.76,37.76],[37.88,43.08]],"texts":["This composer's Piano Concerto Number 1 quotes Maria! hilf doch mir, a church song from Tyrol.","Pearl Jam typically opens concerts by playing a solo piano piece by this composer titled \"Metamorphosis Two\".","The second movement of this composer's Piano Concerto Number 2 begins with a duet between the soloist and a Native American flute.","Orange Mountain Music has produced many works by this composer of the album Solo Piano, including his Concerto Project.","Works by Lucinda Childs and Christopher Knowles feature in an opera by this composer whose three sections,","titled \"Train,\" \"Trial,\" and \"Spaceship,\" are demarcated by intermezzi in which solfege syllables are chanted, called \"knee plays\".","For 10 points, name this minimalist composer whose Portrait Trilogy includes Einstein on the Beach."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae604.json b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae604.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.96],[5.08,13.28],[13.4,20.4],[20.52,23.72],[23.84,30.32],[30.44,35.0],[35.12,42.12]],"texts":["A professor of this academic field wanders Berlin in an ongoing solo play by Jack Fry.","In another play, a professor of this academic field states \"Christian reaches for the life-buoy\" as his wife Margarethe recalls her son drowning.","In a third play, two men in this field staying at a place called \"The Cherry Tree\" argue about the Kreutzer Sonata before revealing they are spies,","but are trapped by the scheming psychiatrist Mathilde von Zahnd.","In the play Arcadia, a question about \"carnal embrace\" prompts Thomasina to argue that sex contradicts this field's laws.","Michael Frayn's play Copenhagen dramatizes a meeting of two men in this field about nuclear power.","For 10 points, name this title scientific field of a Friedrich Durrenmatt play whose characters include \"Newton\" and \"Einstein\"."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae704.json b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae704.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b64b1168763b73582b0c7fcf141a11e422c60722
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae704.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,10.72],[10.84,17.0],[17.12,27.12],[27.24,34.72],[34.84,39.56]],"texts":["A character created by this author attempts to sell tapestries given to her husband's family by Louis XV.","In another novel by this author, a character sends his wife lilies-of-the-valley and another woman yellow roses.","This author created a character who divorces the aristocrat Raymond de Chelles to remarry the newly rich Elmer Moffatt.","A novel by this author opens at an opera that Missus Manson Mingott is too obese to attend, and ends 25 years later when its protagonist sits on a bench instead of visiting his former love interest.","This author targeted Manhattan society in a novel in which May announces her pregnancy, ending the romance between Ellen Olenska and Newland Archer.","For 10 points, name this author of The Custom of the County and The Age of Innocence."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae904.json b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae904.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae904.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,9.72],[9.84,14.24],[14.36,20.92],[21.04,27.6],[27.72,33.28],[33.4,40.24]],"texts":["This quantity is cubed in the denominator of the dimensionless Bejan number for fluid pressure loss.","A term for this quantity appears to the two-thirds power in the Manning formula for open channel flows.","The inverse fourth power of this quantity appears in the equation for Hagen-Poiseuille flow.","Relative pipe roughness is divided by 3.7 times this quantity in the Colebrook-White equation for finding the Darcy friction factor.","The product of this quantity and mean fluid velocity is divided by kinematic viscosity to calculate the Reynolds number.","Volumetric flow rate is proportional to the product of fluid velocity, pi, and the square of this quantity.","For 10 points, name this one-dimensional quantity whose constriction results in increased fluid speeds, such as in a hose nozzle."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed04.json b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed04.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,12.52],[12.64,21.0],[21.12,29.68],[29.8,35.68]],"texts":["The Hasegawa-Mima equation assumes length scales are large in the direction of this vector quantity.","The pitch angle between particle velocity and this quantity is used to define a loss cone, and R and L waves propagate parallel to it.","Guiding center drift velocity is proportional to force cross this quantity, and plasmas frequently have different temperatures parallel to this quantity and perpendicular to it.","Cyclotron frequency is equal to the charge to mass ratio times this quantity's magnitude, and Ampere's law gives its curl in terms of the current density and displacement current.","The Lorentz force is equal to charge times velocity crossed with, for 10 points, what vector quantity measured in teslas?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738904.json b/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738904.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba0b166563c1d9996acdee4bb6197ed76584be7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738904.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,10.12],[10.24,13.84],[13.96,21.6],[21.72,27.92],[28.04,33.76],[33.88,39.2],[39.32,42.76],[42.88,49.96],[50.08,55.12]],"texts":["During a siege, this city was reportedly defended by a trained war lion, felled in one blow by Hashim at Bahrseer.","Shortly after being captured, this city was given back by the first Peace of Nisibis.","Ammianus Marcellinus claims that its \"founder\" was Vardanes.","In a battle named for this city, the usurper Procopius failed to execute a pincer attack, forcing his cousin to retreat and be killed by a flying spear.","The last remaining monument of this city, its White Palace, contains the largest vault in the world, a massive brick arch.","This city was known by Arabs as \"al- Mada'in\" or \"the cities\" due to its many suburbs,","one of which was sarcastically dubbed \"better than Antioch,\" while another was home to the patriarch of the Nestorian church.","Before dying in Samarra, Julian the Apostate tried to conquer this city.","This city, located across from Seleucia on the Tigris, was the capital of Shapur II and his Sassanid Empire.","For 10 points, name this ancient city that, along with Susa, was also a capital of Parthia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a04.json b/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d8cd03e200dbc498c325b07c5503331dec1c33cd
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,14.96],[15.08,22.32],[22.44,26.08],[26.2,33.8],[33.92,41.28]],"texts":["This character trips on a sidewalk crack while contemplating dandelions after buying three cents' worth of Mary Jane candies from Mister Yacobowski's store.","The sight of this character scratching the back of her calf with her toe while washing dishes reminds another character of how his wife did the same thing when they met.","This character has a cat thrown at her face by Louis Junior and is tricked into feeding poisoned meat to a dog with pus in its eyes by the \"spiritual advisor\" Soaphead Church.","This character is driven insane after being raped by her father Cholly.","Early in the novel, this character drinks several quarts of milk in order to see Shirley Temple's face at the bottom of a cup after being sent to live with the MacTeers.","For 10 points, name this character whose desire to be white leads her to fantasize about having the titular symbol of beauty in Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b04.json b/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08fe4b82d03db7b054c0cb9f199750745cec68b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,9.92],[10.04,15.68],[15.8,25.4],[25.52,30.56],[30.68,37.32],[37.44,43.88]],"texts":["During warfare, local tribes on this island hid their women on a certain hill, but after they returned one day to get them and found only red plants symbolizing blood,","that area was dubbed the Forbidden Plateau.","The natives of this island surrendered their land by the Douglas Treaties, named for the governor who set up a base here at Esquimalt.","This island, once named in honor of Juan Bodega y Quadra, is home to the Upper Triassic Karmutsen Formation, which creates the Insular Mountain range and its highest peak, the Golden Hinde.","The construction of Fort Camosun on this island occurred after three conventions here resolved the Nootka Crisis.","This island, home to Royal Roads University, sits to the west of the Discovery Islands, and is separated from the mainland by the Strait of Georgia.","For 10 points, name this island north of the Juan de Fuca Strait, which shares its name with the largest city in British Columbia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408104.json b/tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408104.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..350a5753c006f3edf4465269a0e53b8ca5382c2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408104.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.24],[9.36,14.04],[14.16,22.76],[22.88,31.88],[32.0,41.08],[41.2,42.56]],"texts":["A character in this novel compares life to the wheel at Luna Park, dividing people into static and dynamic types, and also claims the purpose of architecture is to remove all humanity from a building.","King's Thursday is rebuilt as a modernist monstrosity by that man, Otto Silenus.","Another character in this novel, identified as Arnold Bennett when seen in a Rolls Royce, claims to be a ship magnate who shot a Portuguese count, or a retired gentleman thief.","The conman Sir Solomon Philbrick appears in this work, which sees the protagonist arrested for unknowingly trafficking prostitutes to South America on the day of his wedding to Margot Beste-Chetwynde.","For 10 points, identify this novel about a man sent down for indecent behavior at Scone College, who then ends up at Llanabba Castle as a schoolmaster and is named Paul Pennyfeather,","a work by Evelyn Waugh."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408204.json b/tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408204.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df3ddba2602b93e0408204.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.48],[10.6,20.08],[20.2,25.28],[25.4,33.24],[33.36,40.08]],"texts":["Antenna pigments like deazaflavin or MTHF enhance the rate of F-A-D-H-minus-mediated reversal of this process by photolyases, and XerCD reverses this process in chromosomes in E. coli.","Attempting to conduct a bimolecular elimination of hydrogen bromide from 3-bromocyclopentene will cause this to happen via the Diels-Alder reaction as 1,3-butadiene is formed.","DNA-binding enzymes that display this characteristic typically have palindromic binding sites.","In substituted ethylenes, the formation of these involves diradical intermediates, and the simplest carboxylic acids exist in this form in solution.","For 10 points, name this phenomenon exhibited by two identical molecules binding to each other to produce the smallest type of polymer."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76904.json b/tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76904.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..295eb9d7927b7464ba9d765195f0bec0a6fd7cea
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.08],[4.2,10.68],[10.8,15.4],[15.52,21.6],[21.72,29.04],[29.16,34.8]],"texts":["An essay collection with this title, which includes takedowns of Mad Men and Spider-Man:","Turn Off the Dark among other \"essays from the classics to pop culture,\" was written by noted UVA classics alum Daniel Mendelsohn.","The protagonist of a novel with this title repeatedly dreams of a faceless girl building a snow castle.","In that novel of this title, the protagonist passes out giving oil rubs to a naked, scarred girl he keeps in his house.","The line \"They were, those people, a kind of solution\" concludes a poem of this title shared by a novel pitting the Magistrate against Colonel Joll.","For 10 points, give this title of a Constantin Cavafy poem later used for a novel by J. M. Coetzee."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b04.json b/tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a8cee9d251e7462ad401156861b1458827902fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,10.08],[10.2,16.12],[16.24,23.64],[23.76,28.16],[28.28,35.48],[35.6,41.08]],"texts":["Fibrosis or infiltration of this tissue causes the appearance of dacrocytes, or teardrop cells.","Azathioprine and parvovirus B19 can cause a dangerous suppression of this tissue.","One gigantic type of cell found in this tissue undergoes repeated endoreplication to become 32-ploid before fragmenting.","Mesenchymal stem cells are found in this tissue, and it is commonly collected via aspiration at the iliac crest, though that doesn't preserve its architecture.","In mice, this tissue is commonly ablated using ionizing radiation.","Transplantation of this tissue can sometimes cause a beneficial \"graft-versus-tumor\" phenomenon, and this tissue comes in red and yellow types.","For 10 points, name this tissue located in the epiphysis, which is the source of lymphocytes and red blood cells."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d104.json b/tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d104.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e35a869201889dc8197e3dd9295360e3d4018cbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d104.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,10.76],[10.88,15.2],[15.32,20.2],[20.32,26.24],[26.36,31.08],[31.2,35.6]],"texts":["The propylthio version of this compound is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.","A derivative of this compound is administered with leucovorin in a common chemotherapy drug; that derivative is the 5-fluoro version.","This compound is synthesized via the decarboxylation of orotic acid.","Nirenberg showed that polymers composed exclusively of it code for peptides containing only phenylalanine.","The deamination of cytosine leads to this compound, a pseudo-version of which is present in tRNA.","Originally discovered in hydrolyzed herring sperm, this pyrimidine has two ketone groups.","For 10 points, name this base pair which replaces thymine in RNA and pairs with adenine."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d204.json b/tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d204.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cee78c067fd2eb4d12d9954e29996b369d42eaa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df8012e66cc66ca571d204.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,11.72],[11.84,21.56],[21.68,30.16],[30.28,36.48]],"texts":["One section of this work argues technology has turned man into a \"prosthetic god\" unhappy with life.","Another section describes memory with a metaphor of the different archeological layers of modern Rome while discussing a term coined by Romaine Rolland.","This work concludes by arguing that the history of mankind will be defined by the eternal struggle between \"Eros\" and \"Thanatos,\" building on the author's earlier book The Future of an Illusion.","This work argues \"the oceanic feeling\" of being in harmony with eternity is the source of religion and cites laws restricting rape as an example of society's repression.","For 10 points, name this book arguing man is unhappy because society represses the instincts of the individual, by Sigmund Freud."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75704.json b/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75704.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2dcb406e70eeead9223e8b41160d755d6272cfff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75704.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,13.56],[13.68,20.24],[20.36,27.48],[27.6,32.16],[32.28,38.04]],"texts":["In 1979, this nation saw violent demonstrations after it attempted to raise the price of rice.","Those riots led to the downfall of this country's Tolbert administration in a coup orchestrated by a man who would later be tortured to death on television, Samuel Doe.","One military figure in this nation was Joshua Blahyri, better known as General \"Buck Naked,\" who believed he was invulnerable to bullets.","This country's regime attempted to assassinate Kimmie Weeks, who exposed the usage of child soldiers during its devastating civil war.","This country has recently issued war crimes indictments against former president Charles Taylor.","For 10 points, name this African nation with capital at Monrovia that was founded by freed American slaves."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75904.json b/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75904.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a84f576e39063a3b7550ba5f777ee4a6a58eebe
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+++ b/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75904.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.88],[10.0,15.08],[15.2,21.4],[21.52,30.32],[30.44,35.96]],"texts":["In one novel by this author, the protagonist engages in a night of drunken debauchery, which includes watching Love's Crucifixion at a cinema and meeting the call girl Olga Sologrub at the Miki Bar.","In addition to writing a novel about Eugene Hilliot's promotion to the engine room of the steamer Oedipus Tyrannus,","this author wrote a novel which climaxes with the protagonist's wife being run over by a horse with the number seven branded on its rump.","That novel begins with Jacques Laruelle remembering the protagonist, an alcoholic consul whose wife Yvonne runs away with his half-brother Hugh on the Day of the Dead in Mexico.","For 10 points, name this British author of Ultramarine who wrote about the death of Geoffrey Firmin in Under the Volcano."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75a04.json b/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75a04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54d887d59c792118ee785e83e503268cacf73693
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df83920c3a38102cd75a04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,14.92],[15.04,22.72],[22.84,30.04],[30.16,36.64],[36.76,42.08]],"texts":["In his final years, this composer completed his Opus 73,","a set of seven \"moods\" for piano that includes the pieces \"Homage to Chopin\" and \"Night Ride.\" This composer adapted the melody of the halling for many of the twenty-five folksongs and dances that make up his Opus 17.","Simon Barere died while performing this composer's only piano concerto, which imitates the beginning of Schumann's piano concerto and is in A minor.","This composer included his works \"Arietta,\" \"March of the Dwarfs,\" and \"Wedding Day at Troldhaugen, in his collection of sixty-six short Lyric pieces.","This composer depicted the rising of the sun over the Sahara desert in \"Morning Mood,\" part of his incidental music to Peer Gynt.","For 10 points, name this composer of \"In the Hall of the Mountain King,\" a Romantic composer from Norway."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37804.json b/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37804.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5662fab54929ce6861040091716ea66935aa04da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37804.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.92],[5.04,19.16],[19.28,23.72],[23.84,31.2],[31.32,38.0]],"texts":["There are two Senate elections on this state's 2012 ballot, with the same candidates running in each.","That Senate race features a rematch of a 2010 election in which the Republican candidate argued that the country needed to put \"a thousand lasers\" in the sky and issued a casting call for Philadelphia actors that \"look hicky.\" In this state's Democratic presidential primary,","Keith Judd won 42% of the vote despite living in a Texarkana, Texas jail.","This state's dissatisfaction with Barack Obama has led Democratic Governor Earl Ray Tomblin and Senator Joe Manchin to distance themselves from the President.","For 10 points, name this state whose 2012 Senate election oddity is a result of a 2010 Special Election following the death of Robert Byrd."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.json b/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..885c10696603304f8813bd8cbeb54fa68b773127
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.88],[8.0,15.16],[15.28,24.2],[24.32,30.4]],"texts":["One work by this man begins with the speaker bidding farewell to \"dungeons dark and strong.\" That work's chorus says that the title character \"played a spring and danced it round,","below the gallows-tree.\" The speaker of another poem by this man says that he will come again, \"tho' 'twere ten thousand mile,\" and says his love is \"like a red,","red rose.\" In another work by this author of \"McPherson's Farewell,\" the title character rides home on his grey mare Meg, who loses her tail after that character shouts \"Weel done,","Cutty Sark!\" For 10 points, \"Tam o' Shanter\" is a work of which Scottish poet who also wrote \"Auld Lang Syne\"?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.opus b/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.opus
new file mode 100644
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/04/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a04.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a33f04.json b/tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a33f04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef7933a1c64428f5fadc13392492ec95ffe6f583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a33f04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,8.6],[8.72,12.56],[12.68,19.0],[19.12,22.88],[23.0,29.52],[29.64,33.96]],"texts":["This group's female members were encouraged by Emmeline Wells' magazine, the Woman's Exponent.","It was the target of the Poland Act and a non-land-grant-related Morrill Act.","The Senate threatened to expel Reed Smoot because of his membership in this group.","Members of this group slaughtered most of the Baker-Fancher wagon train from Arkansas in a September 11, 1857 attack.","It carried out the Mountain Meadows Massacre and proposed to create the State of Deseret.","This group moved west after having a headquarters at Nauvoo, Illinois, although its founder was killed by a mob before reaching Utah.","For 10 points, name this religious group led by Joseph Smith and Brigham Young."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a34004.json b/tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a34004.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f2ec6ce542923cb0f923c5ef2241654c4e7bd7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62df8ab610329be735a34004.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.96],[4.08,10.4],[10.52,18.44],[18.56,23.32],[23.44,31.28],[31.4,35.72]],"texts":["Five grotesque objects of this kind appear in Magritte's painting The Black Flag.","Three cherubs gaze out of a framed window at the front of one of these objects in another artist's painting The Swan is Very Peaceful.","In an even creepier painting by that artist, two soldiers huddle together near a wounded comrade as one of these objects with human arms takes up a majority of the space.","Max Ernst painted the \"murdering\" variety of these objects, one of which explodes in Blam.","The text \"I pressed the fire control... and ahead of me rockets blazed through the sky\" appears in a painting depicting combat between two of these vehicles.","For 10 points, name these vehicles which dogfight in Roy Lichtenstein's painting Whaam!"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a04.json b/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a04.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69271061c80fea2533ef2f5603209588142c60b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a04.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,15.56],[15.68,17.96],[18.08,30.08],[30.2,37.52],[37.64,46.52],[46.64,51.76],[51.88,56.0]],"texts":["A philosophical article by Fred Feldman distinguished between the \"propositional\" and the \"sensory\" forms of this con-cept, and was titled \"Two Questions about\" this phenomenon.","In section 84 of A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argues that this concept cannot constitute the single rational end that is intended to guide deliberations.","In his Theory of Moral Senti-ments,","Adam Smith argued that nothing generates this phenomenon quite like observing in others \"a fellowfeeling with all the emotions of our own breast.\" Henry Sidgwick argued that the only thing that the various instances of this phenomenon had in common was that they were all desirable,","and thus proposed to defne a measure of this phenomenon in terms of in-dividual preferences in his The Methods of Ethics.","Robert Nozick's argument against utilitarianism relied on our purported hesitation to plug ourselves into an \"experience machine\" that produced this phenomenon in unlimited amounts.","Increasing the prevalence of this phenomenon was the basic idea behind Bentham's felicifc calculus.","For 10 points, identify this human emotion promoted by hedonistic philosophies."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96104.json b/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96104.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c11a9f6193c9b31544839626d30184767397069
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96104.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,12.6],[12.72,20.16],[20.28,26.6],[26.72,30.28],[30.4,36.4],[36.52,38.92]],"texts":["A recently opened urban park in this city contains objects like a Thai boxing ring and a sign for Pennsylvania's Deangelis donuts.","That park in this city is divided into a red square, a black market, and a green park, and is named Superkilen.","After WWII, this city's metropolitan area was expanded via the \"Finger Plan,\" which spread its \"S-Train\" system and developed the Medicon Valley.","This city is home to a rococo building called the \"Marble Church\" as well as the Tivoli Gardens and the historic district of Indre By.","This city in the Oresund Region forms a metropolitan area with Malmo.","Located mainly on the island of Zealand, this city's harbor houses Edvard Eriksen's bronze statue of the Little Mermaid.","For 10 points, name this capital of Denmark."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96204.json b/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96204.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dda569779dd49fa9b7eb020af0d44a0a4acce5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/04/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96204.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,13.0],[13.12,18.24],[18.36,26.68],[26.8,33.32]],"texts":["A depiction of one of these animals was bizarrely found by John L. Stevens on a pillar at Copan in Mexico, although some have suggested it is in fact a macaw.","A chapter of the Qur'an named for one of these animals details how it prevented Abraham from invading Mecca,","whilst the skulls of small versions of these animals in Crete are believed to have been mistaken for those of Cyclopes.","It's not a reptile, but in Vedic mythology one of these animals was called maha-naga, or great snake, a sign in part of a shared association with India.","For 10 points, name this large animal, a white version of which, often with many heads, represents the sun in Buddhist Thailand."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c06.json b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..183db55ef00f22fbc2f173cf531218c70cac41c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.16],[7.28,12.6],[12.72,19.36],[19.48,23.36],[23.48,31.04],[31.16,36.16],[36.28,41.2]],"texts":["Pausanias claims that one member of this profession, an Euboean son of Crius,is the source of an alternative tradition for the name of Pythos.","In the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, Demeter pretends to be Dosos, a person wronged by people in this profession.","According to Apollodorus, a mistaken belief that Catreus was one of these people led his son Althaemenes to unknowingly slay him.","Its not swineherding, but Eumaeus was in Sidon when these people took him to Ithaca.","One person demanded the right to sing one last song from some of these people and ended up being rescued from them by the dolphins that he attracted; that man was Arion.","Dionysus turned some Tyrrhenian people in this profession into dolphins after using vines to fill up their boat.","For 10 points, name these people who often appear in children's stories making their captives walk the plank."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d06.json b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1251bd6d9c4875020756863f3c955ce188fd1a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,8.92],[9.04,16.0],[16.12,19.52],[19.64,25.16],[25.28,32.0],[32.12,36.96],[37.08,41.96]],"texts":["This work inspired a series of multicolored copies by Jim Dine.","The placement and lighting on this work was criticized by Robert Ingersoll Aitkin in a controversial article,","while Pierre-Auguste Renoir called it \"A big gendarme.\" A depiction of this work with pompom-attached drawers was created by Salvador Dali,","who also put 28 copies of it into the Hallucinogenic Toreador.","The artist originally wrote a long inscription on the now-lost plinth of this work, which was discovered by a farmer.","This statue was theorized to originally contain a shield resting against the subject's thigh, which may explain its S-curve shape.","It is currently attributed to Alexandros of Antioch but was originally attributed to Praxiteles.","For 10 points, name this Greek statue currently housed in the Louvre of a woman with no arms."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e06.json b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e867f8b7bad18b72e31c12c4e316f64d03611a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,12.88],[13.0,19.12],[19.24,23.96],[24.08,31.6],[31.72,35.32],[35.44,40.44]],"texts":["This political policy was created largely as a reaction to one nation replacing its \"renten\" currency with another, in an effort by Ludwig Erhard to avoid hyperinflation.","To counteract this policy, Gail Halvorsen distributed chocolate and candy bars.","A response to this policy was created shortly after the end of the London Six-Power Conference and orchestrated by Lucius D. Clay.","By this policy, Tempelhof, Tegel, and Gatow were each allowed just one air corridor.","The city targeted by this policy had recently been divided into four quarters, the western three of which were controlled by France, the UK, and the US,","who responded to this policy with a huge airlift to its target city.","For 10 points, identify this policy in which the Soviet Union denied shipments to a German city."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f06.json b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec1f5b6217b2de717fc332b0f582c5fd31098c03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,14.72],[14.84,16.6],[16.72,23.16],[23.28,29.84],[29.96,36.2]],"texts":["A \"great\" book of hours produced in this empire prescribes ending the day with a typica when liturgy is not performed.","A set of religious rules named for this empire require that incense be distributed at the beginning of all-night vigils; those rules require forgoing dairy and eggs, as well as meat,","during the four great fasts.","In an incident in this empire, a scholar named Barlaam accused others of heresy for defending the mystical practice of hesychasm.","The Christian \"rite\" named for this empire includes the feast of the Dormition and is used in the churches of Antioch, Georgia, Serbia, and Russia.","For 10 points, name this empire whose rulers lost the ability to appoint patriarchs in 1453 when Constantinople fell."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5806.json b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5806.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf38939003c329c223fc876ba7d262ab82416bde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5806.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.84],[6.96,14.72],[14.84,18.44],[18.56,27.72],[27.84,33.08]],"texts":["One unit whose \"Nazdar\" regiment had fought in France fought to takecontrol of this structure and established the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly.","The original name of one of this structure's endpoints was Haishenwei, and the head of state responsible for building an offshoot of this structure said it would be built \"cleanly\",","which many interpreted as a signal that prisoner labor would not be used.","\"Green Ukraine\" declared its independence near the terminus of this structure, and during fighting along this structure, the Czech Legion captured a reserve of gold held by a government based in Omsk.","For ten points, name this structure, the largest of its type, which runs from Moscow to Vladivostok."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae506.json b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae506.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd4697d8978797b9c753a25a5f43cf354964ec52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae506.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,11.16],[11.28,17.0],[17.12,26.56],[26.68,32.88],[33.0,39.44]],"texts":["Fifty years before the Salem witch trials, Mary Parsons and her husband were accused of witchcraft in this city.","Land for this city was purchased from the Agawam tribe by William Pynchon, ancestor of author Thomas Pynchon.","In a later event, Luke Day's message that his forces would be late in arriving to this city was intercepted by William Shepard.","This city's Watershops Pond was dammed in 1777 on the order of Henry Knox to make way for its best-known facility, which names the most popular Union Army rifle from the Civil War.","After marching from Northampton, disgruntled indebted farmers attempted to capture that facility in this city during Shays' Rebellion.","For 10 points, name this Massachusetts city home to a revolutionary-era armory, which shares its name with Illinois' capital."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae606.json b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae606.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b0b07195dd5911013449308dff7ed02a1fd99c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae606.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,12.04],[12.16,17.96],[18.08,23.92],[24.04,31.76],[31.88,36.88],[37.0,41.56]],"texts":["This man posed in combat gear for a blue propaganda poster with the caption \"We're going to do our part...and we'll win because we're on God's side\".","During a visit to the White House, Franklin Roosevelt told this man \"we're going to need muscles like yours\".","He received an exemption to PGA rules to compete in the San Diego Open in 1952 at the encouragement of Jackie Robinson.","Jimmy Cannon quipped that this man was a \"credit...to the human race\" after an event held at Yankee Stadium.","During a period called the \"Bum of the Month Club,\" this man easily defended his title 13 times against such opponents as Arturo Godoy.","He was portrayed as America's champion against Nazi Germany during his two bouts with Max Schmeling.","For 10 points, name this African-American boxer known as the \"Brown Bomber\"."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae706.json b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae706.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7f4ff476299631d730ef5e91ba2193debc978522
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae706.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,15.6],[15.72,21.28],[21.4,34.0],[34.12,37.76]],"texts":["A woman at one of these events has white cheeks \"mingled\" with \"streaks of red\" and has a chin that was stung by a bee.","Alfred, Lord Tennyson recounts one of these events in the epilogue to his poem \"In Memoriam A.H.H.\" Each stanza in a poem about one of these events ends by saying \"Sweet Thames, run softly,","till I end my song.\" A character named for one of these events became a \"sadder and wiser man\" at the poem's end.","Edmund Spenser wrote about these events in poems titled \"Prothalamion\" and \"Epithalamion.\" A \"guest\" at one of these events listens to the title character's story about a sailor in Samuel Taylor Coleridge's \"Rime of the Ancient Mariner.\" For 10 points,","name these events where love poems are often recited before making vows."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae906.json b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae906.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..717e391f959bfdd2e260400e589f52b9fc923016
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae906.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.28],[2.4,12.04],[12.16,21.52],[21.64,27.64],[27.76,33.64],[33.76,38.36]],"texts":["When Mount Ebih fails to bow to this deity,","this deity destroys the mountain with battering rams and an \"evil raging wind.\" This deity turns the earth's water into blood after being violated by Shukaletuda while resting under a poplar.","This goddess rejects the \"good milk\" and \"garments of new wool\" another figure offers in an account in which she initially \"prefers the farmer\" Enkimdu to her eventual husband.","This goddess later allows that husband, Dumuzid, to be taken to the underworld by Galla demons instead of her.","This goddess is stripped naked and afflicted with 60 diseases after descending to the underworld to see her sister Ereshkigal.","For 10 points, name this Mesopotamian fertility goddess whose worship was centered in Uruk."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed06.json b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cd9899ec76c0e0ffe6b48cbe9ac56d9f1f0f99a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,16.04],[16.16,20.08],[20.2,25.52],[25.64,35.52]],"texts":["People with this occupation intimidated bank agents in order to buy each other's foreclosed homes and give them back to their original owners in \"penny auctions.\" A shooting outside of a meeting of a \"Progressive\" union of people with this occupation was the first assignment for NAACP Field Secretary Walter White;","that meeting resulted in a white mob's massacre of African Americans in Elaine, Arkansas.","The Wabash case overturned a major policy victory for people with this occupation that had been achieved earlier via Munn v.","Illinois, which upheld the regulation of grain warehouses as a \"public good.\" For 10 points, give this occupation of people who organized under the Grange to agitate for agricultural reform."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738806.json b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738806.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1616ab3c1d4819290c0fc4132dbcce74b88b0a1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738806.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,11.6],[11.72,22.4],[22.52,27.64],[27.76,35.44],[35.56,39.6],[39.72,44.4],[44.52,50.48]],"texts":["One conflict between these two countries intensified when a group of Welsh settlers migrated into the Lower Chubut Valley to start a colony called \"Y Wladfa.\" As a result,","these two countries signed the \"Pacts of May\" in 1902,","after their leaders had a publicized diplomatic meeting called the \"Embrace of the Straits.\" Agents for these countries took turns destroying lighthouses owned by the other side in a squabble called the Snipe Incident,","during which these two powers fought over a deserted territory between the islands of Picton and Navarino.","In order to prevent expansion of the other country, one of these nations launched a campaign called the \"Conquest of the Desert\" under General Julio Roca,","which the other side tried to thwart by providing arms to native Mapuche tribes.","One of these countries planned to invade the other in Operation Soberania, which was part of the Beagle Conflict.","For 10 points, name these nations ruled by Salvador Allende and Jorge Videla, which often fought over the Patagonia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738906.json b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738906.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83e5af9f924f99247df9a85d784c2f7f86742320
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738906.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,15.12],[15.24,21.68],[21.8,30.44],[30.56,34.88],[35.0,42.12],[42.24,48.64]],"texts":["Michael Carr analyzed 98 phrases involving this concept in a certain language, and classified them on whether they had a positive or negative context.","Power distance is an aspect of the \"orientation\" of this concept, one of five core taxonomies of Stella Ting-Toomey's theory of negotiations named for this concept.","Stephen Levinson's politeness theory posits positive and negative forms of this concept, threats to which are warded off by politeness.","Erving Goffman discussed avoidant and corrective processes in an article on this concept, subtitled \"An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social Interaction.\" In The Gift,","Mauss discussed the word q'elsem, which is analogous to this in Kwakiutl culture.","Honor, dignity, and this concept can be used to classify cultures, and this concept and shame are emphasized in collectivist cultures.","For 10 points, name this concept prevalent in Chinese culture, which can be thought of as one's sense of worth due to their status."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a06.json b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fee6416f73962ea4760f9ad56ceba51fd1b00656
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,15.0],[15.12,22.36],[22.48,27.08],[27.2,33.4],[33.52,39.76],[39.88,44.48]],"texts":["After being threatened with execution, Adam Sedbar agreed to support this movement, and as a result the site of Jervaulx was later demolished.","The Oath of the Honorable Man was taken by members of this movement, including John Bulmer and his wife Margaret Cheyney, who became known as Pretty Peg.","After this movement forced the surrender of Pontefract Castle, its leaders drew up the \"Commons Petition,\" also known as its 24 Articles.","This movement successfully recruited Thomas Darcy, who funded the design of its flag,","a red banner called the \"Five Wounds of Christ.\" The leaders of this movement were nearly granted amnesty until the revolt of Francis Bigod.","This revolt, led by the one-eyed Robert Aske, was an organized response to the dissolution of the monasteries under Thomas Cromwell.","For 10 points, name this Yorkshire-based rebellion in 1536 against Henry VIII."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b06.json b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b06.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,13.6],[13.72,18.24],[18.36,24.6],[24.72,30.32],[30.44,34.76],[34.88,41.92]],"texts":["In a letter, Rainer Maria Rilke wrote that these works are \"pre-occupied with themselves\" because of their use of white.","An early one of these works was rejected by the Salon for using a black background and was painted in the \"ballsy\" or \"couillarde\" manner characteristic of its artist.","An unusual one of these works includes a medallion made by the artist's friend Philippe Solari.","The Courtauld Institute in London contains one of these paintings depicting a statue of cupid with no arms that is made out of plaster.","In the last years of the artist's life, several of these paintings were created depicting three or more skulls stacked on top of each other.","These works include Bread and Eggs, Pyramid of Skulls, and The Basket of Apples.","For 10 points, name these paintings of commonplace subjects created by a French Post-Impressionist also known for his depictions of Mount Saint-Victoire."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df3ddba2602b93e0408206.json b/tossups/06/62df3ddba2602b93e0408206.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cbbf024ead5bc8a029c3925713ae031107ae1ddd
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+++ b/tossups/06/62df3ddba2602b93e0408206.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.72],[7.84,11.92],[12.04,21.32],[21.44,27.12],[27.24,31.56],[31.68,37.44]],"texts":["His Florentine agent, Naldo Nadi, prepared a catalogue of the works in his library, which would be bolstered by his marriage to Beatrice of Aragon, who had her own collection.","His uncle was sawed in half and the plague took his intended first wife as well as his father.","Nevertheless he consolidated power by raising a large army, the fekete sereg, and proceeded on a series of conquests, including the capture of the capital of his western neighbor Frederick III.","After concluding a peace with his father-in-law George Podebrad, he would eventually be defeated by the Moldavian Stephen III.","He had already become king of Bohemia and his own country by his 1490 death.","For 10 points, identify this son of John Hunyadi, a king of Hungary named for the raven on his coat-of-arms."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76906.json b/tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76906.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3020f9026efb1c951f804c79bac9ffd8d9c1ea2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76906.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.16],[4.28,8.88],[9.0,15.2],[15.32,21.8],[21.92,25.44],[25.56,33.24],[33.36,40.0]],"texts":["An attack on Chinese workers by this group prompted a firefight in Waza National Park.","Another action by this group sparked a ban on the use of motorcycles in the town of Maiduguri.","A splinter group that opposes this organization carried out a prison break at the Special Anti-Robbery Squad headquarters and is called the Vanguard.","This group was responsible for a shooting at the Deeper Life Center and recently detonated two car bombs bombs in Jos.","A leader of this group, who uses an alias referring to the oneness of God,","appeared in a video stating that \"slavery is allowed in my religion\" after an event that inspired the #BringBackOurGirls hashtag campaign.","For 10 points, name this group which kidnapped several hundred schoolgirls in April 2014, and is a militant Islamic group in Nigeria."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b06.json b/tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d20f0b967514eb14a049b80de4d0b6aed1ece142
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,11.64],[11.76,20.36],[20.48,26.8],[26.92,32.64]],"texts":["This character is laughed at after trying to express \"mankind's essential illness\" by asking, \"What's the dirtiest thing there is?\" After helping some children pick fruit,","this character admires the butterflies and flowers in a secluded clearing.","This character faints after imagining that he is \"in the mouth\" of a figure who calls him a \"poor, misguided boy.\" This character is killed amid shouts of \"Cut his throat!","Spill his blood!\" after bringing news about a dead parachutist, and his body is surrounded by glowing fish as it floats out of the lagoon.","For 10 points, name this Christ-like boy who is murdered by Jack's followers in William Golding's Lord of the Flies."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d106.json b/tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d106.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d106.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.72],[2.84,6.92],[7.04,13.48],[13.6,19.24],[19.36,25.52],[25.64,29.56],[29.68,35.8]],"texts":["The Karlsruhe experiment tested this using sodium.","Glatzmaier and Roberts developed the first self-consistent model for studying this theory.","A similar theory in astronomy was shown to be possible by Eugene N. Parker by overcoming issues raised by Cowling's anti-theory of this.","It gives rise to alpha and omega effects One issue in modeling this is heat flow across the CMB.","Proposed mechanisms for the required energy include the freezing of deposited materials and decay of radioactive isotopes.","The velocity needed for this to work is dependent on the magnetic Reynold's number.","For 10 points, name this theory that Earth's magnetic field is caused by moving, electrical conductive fluid in the outer core."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d206.json b/tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d206.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54593c1660cec1ef9a6628839492cc354a21fa0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df8012e66cc66ca571d206.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.36],[9.48,14.6],[14.72,23.12],[23.24,26.12],[26.24,35.6]],"texts":["This poet coined the phrase \"a sound mind in a sound body.\" He discussed the measures taken to ensure the safe return of his friend from sea in a poem addressed to Corvinus.","He wrote a poem in which a massive fish forces the government to set up a council to debate how to properly cook it.","Another of his poems is largely narrated by Umbricius which compares a rural life favorably to an urban one, while another poem warns that even if you lock up your wife,","she will simply sleep with the guards as there is no one to guard them.","This man's series of sixteen poems in five books coined the phrases \"who watches the watchers\" and \"bread and circuses.\" For 10 points, name this Roman poet known for his Satires."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df83920c3a38102cd75706.json b/tossups/06/62df83920c3a38102cd75706.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45acb75932c88956c3db34cca31ecf2320f05a51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df83920c3a38102cd75706.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.16],[6.28,14.88],[15.0,19.44],[19.56,23.6],[23.72,29.84],[29.96,33.16],[33.28,40.24],[40.36,43.72]],"texts":["Quantum dots have the unusual property that changing their size alters this property, which is why their emitted wavelength is tunable.","The increase of one in size with temperature change T is given by T squared times a constant alpha divided by T plus a constant beta according to Varshni's theorem.","Chemically distorting a one-dimensional crystal can create additional ones in the Peierels distortion.","This structure is the solid-state equivalent of the space between the LUMO and the HOMO.","Materials that have an indirect one must emit a phonon during recombination, in which an electron moves from the top of it to the bottom.","The Fermi level exists in the middle of it in doped materials.","For 10 points, name this region which is prominent in insulators - a region forbidden to electrons, lying between the valence and conduction bands,","the size of which determines many characteristics of semiconductors."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df83920c3a38102cd75a06.json b/tossups/06/62df83920c3a38102cd75a06.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..995f5da3749e77d932d7c4af09491bb2627847a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df83920c3a38102cd75a06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,7.12],[7.24,15.6],[15.72,20.84],[20.96,24.36],[24.48,27.96],[28.08,33.6]],"texts":["One person nominated by this group was known for his longtime feud with Secretary of the Navy Gideon Welles.","That man was John P. Hale.","The political cartoon \"Shooting the Christmas Turkey\" shows another candidate from this party as a fox grabbing the turkey while two candidates from other parties bicker.","This group's slogan was coined by Salmon Chase and they nominated one candidate at Lafayette Square, Buffalo.","Conscience Whigs and Barnburners were the major factions of this group.","In 1848, they nominated Martin Van Buren for the presidency.","For 10 points, name this 19th century American political party that opposed the expansion of slavery."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37806.json b/tossups/06/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37806.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f5bad09a517ba768125a7213aace9405cc5cfc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37806.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,14.48],[14.6,23.64],[23.76,31.6],[31.72,37.84]],"texts":["One character created by this man mysteriously replies, \"Do I not?\" when asked if he understands the shouting of a group of natives.","In one work by this man, a Dutch trader moves into an abandoned house and begins an opium addiction after his daughter Nina marries a native of the East Indies.","In another work by this author of Almayer's Folly, a man in love with the revolutionary Antonia is assigned to guard a hoard of silver until he kills himself, forcing the title character to take over.","This author also wrote a novel in which the butterfly collector Mister Stein finds a post for the title character on Patusan, where he befriends Dain Waris.","For 10 points, name this author of Nostromo and Lord Jim, whose recurring character Marlow also narrates Heart of Darkness."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a06.json b/tossups/06/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a06.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a06.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,12.64],[12.76,18.88],[19.0,22.88],[23.0,29.08],[29.2,34.36]],"texts":["John Theophilus Desagulier had a significant impact on the study of this phenomenon by proposing an adhesive model of it.","Archard improved one theory of this phenomenon by assuming elastic deformation in addition to plastic deformation.","That theory is partially proportional to shear strength divided by the yield pressure of the concept and was proposed by Bowden and Tabor.","Coloumb designed the first tribometer, used to measure the coefficient of it.","It is directly proportional to the applied load according to the first of Amonton's laws but is independent of the area of contact.","For 10 points, identify this phenomenon that resists the movement of two objects in contact."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62df8ab610329be735a34006.json b/tossups/06/62df8ab610329be735a34006.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c9c18596776570e1e15d331578b1674d9c03970
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62df8ab610329be735a34006.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,12.36],[12.48,18.56],[18.68,24.04],[24.16,28.64],[28.76,33.8]],"texts":["This city contained a dome supported by four arches called the Milion that recorded distances to other cities.","A record of the regulations concerning this city's guilds can be found in the Book of the Prefect, addressed to the eparch administrating this city.","A road called the mese ran through this city, which may have lost forty percent of its population in a plague in 542 CE.","A gigantic cannon designed by Orban sufficed to break through this city's 60-foot-tall Theodosian Walls.","This city's hippodrome featured occasionally-violent contests between the Blues and Greens.","For 10 points, name this capital city where the Nika Riots occurred during the reign of Justinian I."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96006.json b/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96006.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47f62b01f102da1e5fc238f0bed47fbe4327952f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96006.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,11.96],[12.08,20.28],[20.4,25.6],[25.72,29.68],[29.8,34.88],[35.0,40.32]],"texts":["The facade of a building in this country is a large glass box that displays famous television images.","That Institute for Sound and Vision was recently constructed in this country, whose Gothic buildings include the \"whopper monument,\" Saint John's Cathedral.","An architect from this country collaborated with Bruce Mau on a massive book of fables, essays, photographs, diary excerpts, and designs titled S,M,L,XL.","That architect from this country designed the glass and steel exterior of a public library in Seattle.","The Royal Concertgebouw is located in the Museum Square of a city in this country.","Kisho Kurokawa designed a new wing for a museum in this country that contains The Potato Eaters.","For 10 points, name this home country of Rem Koolhaas that contains the Rijksmuseum and the Van Gogh Museum."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96106.json b/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96106.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8e25330fade5185148b5ed9f99973f79fbdd27a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96106.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.48],[4.6,11.44],[11.56,17.64],[17.76,23.52],[23.64,33.64],[33.76,41.44]],"texts":["A 2005 book by John Soluri linked this good's Cultures to environmental damage.","This is the first title good of a book on feminist geopolitics that Cynthia Enloe also named for beaches and military bases.","Minor Keith and Samuel Zemurray got wealthy mainly from producing this good for a company which launched a non-federal Great White Fleet.","In the 1950s, Panama disease wiped out much of this good, which has been sold using Carmen Miranda's image.","Protesting producers of them were massacred in Cienaga, Colombia, by a company known as \"The Octopus.\" The dominant strain of this cultivar was raised by and named for Lord Cavendish.","For 10 points, name this main product of United Fruit Company's Latin American holdings, which names a type of corrupt, unstable \"republic\"."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96206.json b/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96206.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a8f62fff199f7761b9e89a6d7da09ab48156725c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/06/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96206.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,10.68],[10.8,18.04],[18.16,22.48],[22.6,28.28]],"texts":["The earliest surviving picture produced using this sort of device is an 1898 butterfly by Flora Stacey, while Keira Rathbone's artworks, including her portrait of Barack Obama,","are also made using one of these.","The first commercially-successful example of this device was the Scholes & Glidden machine made by Remington, while the Underwood company became the world's largest manufacturer.","Ancillary inventions spawned by its use include Bette Nesmith Graham's correction fluid.","For 10 points, give this piece of now largely defunct office equipment whose legacy lives on in the Qwerty keyboard"]}
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b0a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..194da87042c0dbd0b9f621673110f61c2b4676ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.28],[8.4,16.52],[16.64,23.76],[23.88,27.44],[27.56,34.24],[34.36,38.12]],"texts":["The central figure of this painting assumes a pose that is derived from the artist's earlier works Miracle of the Jealous Husband and The Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence.","In the left background, a group of nymphs can be seen on land in front of some cliffs, and at the bottom of this work, a monstrous, brown sea creature opens its mouth at the central figure.","Of the two flying putti in the top left of this work, both hold bows but only the one on the left holds arrows, and the title character looks up at those putti.","The title figure grips a red robe in one hand while lying on an orange robe.","In the bottom left, another putto rides a fish near the tail of a white animal that appears to be looking at the viewer; that animal is a bull.","For 10 points, name this painting of an abduction scene by Titian."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c0a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..06412acfbf26340bc87a1260a73a2842e32d65f7
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.36],[8.48,15.84],[15.96,21.52],[21.64,26.76],[26.88,33.8],[33.92,39.0]],"texts":["The tenth pope with this name was elected after the longest papal election in history and, during the Second Council of Lyon, promulgated the bull that created the conclave system.","One pope with this name commissioned Ignazio Danti to create the Gallery of Maps, while another passed the bull Audita tremendi to call for the Third Crusade.","The thirteenth pope of this name held a celebratory Te Deum after hearing of the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre.","One pope with this name feuded with a figure who walked in the snow barefoot to repent during the Investiture Controversy.","Aloysius Lilius developed a reform promoted by another pope of this name in the bull Inter gravissimas, which reduced the number of leap years.","For 10 points, name this papal name, one holder of which is the namesake of the modern calendar."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d0a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8f0f65fdb210a16636c3a5ca685903332de90cd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,12.76],[12.88,24.04],[24.16,34.52],[34.64,41.88]],"texts":["This author wrote how \"Rachel nee Rabinovitch Tears at the grapes with murderous paws\" and \"She and the lady in the cape Are suspect,","thought to be in league\" while the title male is \"Outside the window, leaning in\" with \"Branches of wistaria\" around him.","Another of this author's poems describes an \"Unreal City Under the brown fog of a winter dawn,\" then \"of a winter noon.\" That poem's fourth and shortest section asks \"Gentile or Jew\" to \"Consider Phlebas,","who was once handsome and tall as you.\" This author described the \"zebra stripes along a jaw Swelling to maculate giraffe\" in a poem about an \"Apeneck\" man in his \"Sweeney among the Nightingales\" and wrote the refrain,","\"HURRY UP PLEASE IT'S TIME\" towards the end of a poem whose final three words are all \"shantih.\" For 10 points, name this author of The Waste Land."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e0a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb6e1ebaeca7945a423327c2e47ede27e5dd497a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,9.0],[9.12,13.16],[13.28,19.4],[19.52,21.6],[21.72,24.44],[24.56,28.6],[28.72,35.12],[35.24,40.44]],"texts":["New Republic editor Charles Lane wrote a book about an event in this state titled The Day Freedom Died.","In this state, dozens were killed marching at a Mechanics Institute.","In this state, William Mumford was hanged for desecrating the American flag.","In April 2017, an obelisk dedicated to members of the White League who died at this state's Battle of Liberty Place was demolished.","The case United States v.","Cruikshank resulted from this state's Colfax Massacre.","This state's Separate Car Act led to the case Plessy v. Ferguson.","Benjamin Butler implemented Union policies in this state after its biggest city was taken by David Farragut in 1862.","For 10 points, name this state whose Reconstruction era saw an 1866 massacre in New Orleans."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f0a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a17c845a9c852e202736e0a9c850125daf17437
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+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,12.32],[12.44,21.04],[21.16,25.24],[25.36,34.52],[34.64,40.4]],"texts":["A significant number of artworks from this non-French country were destroyed in the 2004 Momart fire destroyed.","Yuan Chai and Jian Jun Xi jumped around on an artwork from this country before having a 15-minute pillow fight on top of it;","the same artist from here created a tent with the names of \"Everyone I Have Ever Slept With: 1963-1995.\" Tracey Emin works in this country.","Former ad mogul Charles Saatchi collects works primarily made by artists from here.","An artist from this country sparked the Stuckist movement in his work The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, which shows a tiger shark preserved in a vat of formaldehyde.","For 10 points, name this home of Damien Hirst, whose namesake \"Young Artists\" sometimes exhibit at the Tate Modern."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a580a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a580a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbc85178e2d752684a2a41cd6400fc579f6d4464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a580a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,8.76],[8.88,16.68],[16.8,23.28],[23.4,30.64],[30.76,35.48]],"texts":["Linguistic evidence suggests that early Indo-Europeans traveled in warbands of this many people.","Medieval Seoul had this many gates, six of which are still extant.","One king of this regnal number won the battle of Las Navas de Tolosa, and another king of this regnal number was invited by his sister , Isabella, to invade a nearby nation.","This many people made up a group of Spanish modernist composers modeled on the Five and les Six, and this many \"banners\" were utilized in the Qing Army.","Taoist belief centers on this many Immortals, and Buddhism uses this number of rules for Nuns and this number of core beliefs in their \"noble path\".","For ten points, name this regnal number of a king who founded the Church of England and had six wives."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae50a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae50a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..107a7a0e63331d7e7bbf29af8be9c59b95020593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae50a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.88],[9.0,13.24],[13.36,20.16],[20.28,28.04],[28.16,33.64],[33.76,38.0],[38.12,41.48]],"texts":["Variety of this process which are \"constitutive in the formation of a new identity\" or forms of \"humiliated silence\" are among seven types of it distinguished by Paul Connerton.","Tests for the \"directed\" form of this process present subjects with TBR items.","An equation usually named for this process is often simplified as \"R equals e to the negative power of t over s\".","Endel Tulving primed subjects with synonyms and homonyms to test the hypothesis that this process occurs when access to traces is blocked, and is thus \"cue-dependent\".","Varieties of this process caused by transience are modeled on a curve named for it by Hermann Ebbinghaus.","The \"tip-of-the-tongue\" phenomenon is an example of this process caused by retrieval failure.","For 10 points, name this process caused by amnesia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae60a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae60a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..836209546c9e83332bbb8901ede4f0c909c0feff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae60a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.76],[7.88,16.12],[16.24,19.76],[19.88,23.76],[23.88,27.08],[27.2,31.72],[31.84,35.28],[35.4,39.72]],"texts":["These structures' growth in dry environments relies on the secretion of cysteine-rich hydrophobic proteins called hydrophobins that self-assemble into a rodlet layer.","In some organisms, these structures' cells have two distinct nuclei, so their division requires the formation of hooks between cells called clamp connections.","The tips of these structures release digestive enzymes in saprotrophs.","These structures can enter individual cortical cells to form arbuscules.","These structures are usually divided by walls called septa.","These structures penetrate into plant roots to form a symbiotic association called a mycorrhiza.","Bundles of these structures form a thread-like structure called a mycelium.","For 10 points, name these filamentous structures, the basic building blocks of fungi."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae70a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae70a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14cf428b3503ec12207a912147bf7cddc4ce400a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae70a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,13.16],[13.28,20.52],[20.64,27.4],[27.52,34.76],[34.88,40.64]],"texts":["One unusual portrait of a holder of this political position is simply a black shroud with the Latin inscription \"beheaded for his crimes\".","Palma Giovane depicted a holder of this position being bestowed with a laurel wreath by two angels with interlocked arms.","In an unusually fierce portrait of a holder of this position, that figure's hand is in a pose evoking the hand of Michelangelo's horned Moses.","76 portraits of holders of this position can be found in the Sala del Maggior Consiglio alongside Tintoretto's Paradise.","Holders of this office are traditionally depicted wearing a corno hat, and Giovanni Bellini painted several portraits of this office's holders.","For 10 points, name this political position whose past holders can be seen in portraits throughout Venice's Ducal Palace."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae90a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae90a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..462827a825fc5fcc5fe72052f4949e70ba95d1cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae90a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,13.44],[13.56,20.68],[20.8,25.64],[25.76,30.68],[30.8,36.56]],"texts":["Berie reminiscences on her childhood in a novel whose title asks \"who will run\" a hospital for these animals, written by Lorrie Moore.","In a story with one of these animals in the title, the narrator grinds his teeth after the king throws wine in the face of Trippetta.","In that story titled for one of these creatures, the king and his advisors dress as orangutans and are burned to death by a crippled dwarf serving as a court jester.","Simon Wheeler delivers a story about one of these animals bought after the bulldog Andrew Jackson.","Quail shot is secretly fed to one of these animals named Dan'l Webster., causing Jim Smiley to lose a bet.","For 10 points, Mark Twain wrote a story about a \"Celebrated Jumping\" kind of what animal from Calaveras County?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed0a.json b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e513c13fae1dc0e645f9aa0532da255a48d5682d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.36],[11.48,19.6],[19.72,23.48],[23.6,31.76],[31.88,39.08],[39.2,45.64]],"texts":["Shakirov et al found that in this organism, the ribosome biogenesis genes NOP2A and RPL5 regulate telomere length; that study used a multi-parent advanced inter-generation cross.","For research, the most commonly used background lines of this organism are Ler and Col. Tissue from this organism is often grown in Murashige and Skoog medium.","Trichome formation in this organism is initiated by GLABROUS1.","Dipping tissue from this organism into a broth of a certain bacteria is used to transform it; that bacterium is Agrobacterium tumefaciens.","This organism was used to show that overlapping hox-gene expression is used to specify the identity of floral parts in the ABC model.","For 10 points, name this small flowering weed often used as a model organism, the first plant to have its genome sequenced."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73880a.json b/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73880a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb1699d1e73e05c9085ddc101294788d34e40c1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73880a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.16],[6.28,13.24],[13.36,20.4],[20.52,26.24],[26.36,35.52],[35.64,44.0],[44.12,52.04]],"texts":["A cover of this publication featured the quote \"Oh my God--we hit a little girl,\" taken from the story \"M\" by John Sack.","Carol Holsgrove's book It Wasn't Pretty, Folks, but Didn't We Have Fun? is a chronicle of this publication's time under editor Harold Hayes.","The first unsigned piece of fiction to appear in this publication was \"For Rupert--With No Promises,\" a parody of J. D. Salinger.","Several scandal-sparking chapters of the unfinished novel Answered Prayers by Truman Capote were published in this magazine.","A version of the story \"Neighbors\" published in this magazine that was aggressively cut down by its fiction editor Gordon Lish gave rise to Raymond Carver's characteristic minimalism.","In a story published in this magazine, the words \"they were young again, it was yesterday\" conclude a 95-word sentence about Old-Timer's Day at Yankee Stadium.","For 10 points, name this magazine that published \"The Silent Season of a Hero\" and \"Frank Sinatra Has a Cold\" after it hired the New Journalist Gay Talese."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73890a.json b/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73890a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b49ad5ee9ff94562157c7cc387ab7567a0a57a28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73890a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,10.44],[10.56,16.76],[16.88,21.36],[21.48,30.28],[30.4,38.88],[39.0,44.36]],"texts":["After a court in this city failed to indict William Berner for murder, its political machine, which had been led by John Roll McLean and Thomas C. Campbell,","lost power in the wake of destructive riots in 1884.","The publishing house of Achilles Pugh in this city printed the Liberty Party candidate James G. Birney's newspaper The Philanthropist.","This city contains over two miles of abandoned subway tunnels built before the Great Depression.","Originally known as Losantiville, this city is home to the \"Over-the-Rhine\" neighborhood, named when European immigrants compared the Rhine to a waterway whose southern end is in this city,","the \"Miami and Erie Canal.\" The Quaker Levi Coffin helped migrants enter this city across a frozen river, inspiring the story of Eliza in Uncle Tom's Cabin.","For 10 points, name this city known as \"Porkopolis\" and the \"Queen City of the West,\" located in southern Ohio."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a0a.json b/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c35aaa03367bba5bc942e062df74ace0b26c29f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,15.12],[15.24,22.0],[22.12,30.8],[30.92,39.4],[39.52,47.6],[47.72,52.12]],"texts":["This entity's magnetic field standoff distance is only 1.6 times its own radius, making it so that it cannot support radiation belts.","When a probe was deflected by this object, scientists determined that its density was 5,430 kilograms per cubic meter.","Thus, scientists determined that 42 percent of this object is composed of iron and that it is the most iron-rich object in the Solar System.","The Arecibo satellite fired a pulse at this object and found that its rotational period was 58.6 days, establishing that it has a 3:2 spin-orbit resonance.","While studying this object, Urbain Le Verrier found that a value of 43 arc-seconds per tropical century characterizes the rate of precession of its perihelion.","Einstein's theory of general relativity explained that precession, causing astronomers to reject the idea that the hypothetical planet Vulcan was perturbing its orbit.","Mariner 10 has visited, for 10 points, what planet, the closest one to the Sun?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df3ddba2602b93e040820a.json b/tossups/0a/62df3ddba2602b93e040820a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba5c0b1cd1561b7229902aa0b4b8b3dbba7f3a2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df3ddba2602b93e040820a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.32],[9.44,14.44],[14.56,23.24],[23.36,28.16],[28.28,30.92],[31.04,37.8]],"texts":["A recent paper by Hilley et al discusses how to systematically identify them from airborne laser topographic data and estimate their ages, with examples in the Carrizo Plain and Mustang Ridge.","The type occurring in Piedmont in the western U.S. are more easily dated than those in bedrock in the Aegean.","Their shape evolves according to a diffusion equation smoothing out the sharp edge, with processes including bioturbation, rainsplash, and soil creep responsible for the slow change.","They occur at the boundaries between horsts and grabens, and may be created by earthquakes.","The Elkhorn one is associated with the San Andreas Fault.","For 10 points, what is this geologic feature, in which a fault plane dislocates the ground surface and causes a step in elevation?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df7ca243aee49db2f7690a.json b/tossups/0a/62df7ca243aee49db2f7690a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..df881c28445b9e056c1455983a071a4f824919ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df7ca243aee49db2f7690a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.32],[7.44,13.44],[13.56,16.88],[17.0,20.76],[20.88,26.4],[26.52,33.24],[33.36,37.48]],"texts":["A temple to Ptolemy VI was built as a double temple with axes leading to the sanctuaries of Horus and this deity and was located at Kom Ombo.","This god's mother was the patroness of the city of Sais and was traditionally shown wearing a red crown and a bow and crossed arrows.","The son of Neith, he was honored with the new name of the city of Arsinoe.","This god was represented by a live creature known as Petsuchos.","In the Book of the Dead, this god assisted in the birth of Horus, and he rescued the children of Horus with a fishing net.","Additionally, this god carried Osiris on his back following Osiris' death and saved Osiris' hands with a fish trap.","For 10 points, name this Egyptian god who was represented as a crocodile."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d10a.json b/tossups/0a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d10a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..473ad8c6b43b79447612bc91e4080d0cae4456ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d10a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.8],[3.92,10.84],[10.96,17.64],[17.76,25.44],[25.56,28.76],[28.88,36.68]],"texts":["The forces of one side in this battle were partially commanded by Moharem Bey,","whose note to the enemies asking them not to advance into the main field of combat was met with a reply that they intended to give orders and not to take them.","This battle broke out when one side spotted a fireship being prepared for launch, and it took place at the site of the ancient city of Pulos.","The winning side was aided by French ships under Henri de Rigny and Russian vessels under Login Geiden, and that side's commander was Edward Codrington,","who became the last person to win a battle of wooden capital ships.","Ibrahim Pasha's violations of the Treaty of London led to, for 10 points, which 1827 naval battle during the Greek War of Independence?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d20a.json b/tossups/0a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d20a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2e899918850989ed020828b74c473b1b91d6a65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d20a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,14.6],[14.72,25.44],[25.56,29.08],[29.2,33.64]],"texts":["A major controversy in this election involved illegal campaign contributions to the winning party coming from the Hsi Lai Buddhist Temple in California.","One candidate was lampooned as out of touch for calling the Los Angeles Dodgers the \"Brooklyn Dodgers,\" leading to the zinger \"I don't think he's too old to be president;","it's the age of his ideas that I question.\" The Republican nominee in this election won the Iowa caucus, but lost the New Hampshire primary to Pat Buchanan and two other primaries to Steve Forbes.","The losing candidate's running mate was former Buffalo Bills quarterback Jack Kemp.","For 10 points, name this presidential election that saw Bob Dole defeated by Bill Clinton."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df83920c3a38102cd7570a.json b/tossups/0a/62df83920c3a38102cd7570a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3212f1c0c26492b4685528cd7e40cb703a265cb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df83920c3a38102cd7570a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,11.64],[11.76,17.76],[17.88,23.0],[23.12,31.32],[31.44,36.88]],"texts":["July 5, 1934, was known as \"Bloody Thursday\" in this city.","The Blythe-Zellerbach Committee oversaw part of the renewal of this city in the 1950s, which also included the repossession of its port and the destruction of Manilatown.","Lamar Hunt attempted to place a giant spacecraft on one of this city's landmarks after it was taken over by AIM in 1969.","That landmark was a prison from which no one successfully escaped until its close in 1963.","In 1978, a politician from this city was assassinated by Dan White, who was only convicted of manslaughter after he used the \"Twinkie Defense.\" For 10 points,","name this California city that elected Harvey Milk and endured large earthquakes in 1906 and 1989."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df83920c3a38102cd75a0a.json b/tossups/0a/62df83920c3a38102cd75a0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb4e2db2a63d013f7c7a6dcb1b895175473267d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df83920c3a38102cd75a0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.52],[3.64,7.16],[7.28,11.8],[11.92,19.6],[19.72,26.16],[26.28,32.88]],"texts":["The failed Pombo Amendment aimed to \"improve deterrence\" of this practice.","The Page Act allowed searches of ships if this activity was suspected.","A 1986 act of Congress gave amnesty to people who had been doing it since 1982.","California's Proposition 187 prohibited medical care to people engaging in this activity, which was first defined by the Chinese Exclusion Act.","The bracero program was ended partly because there was no good way to separate the braceros from individuals engaging in this activity.","For 10 points, name this activity protested by the Minutemen, which is the undocumented entry of foreign nationals into the United States."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3780a.json b/tossups/0a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3780a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc859dd67665e2056696474604c4a84bb94a6f03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3780a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,13.2],[13.32,19.64],[19.76,24.28],[24.4,31.32]],"texts":["One Edna Saint Vincent Millay poem begins with the speaker claiming that \"I know I am but summer to\" one of these objects.","In William Butler Yeats's poem \"The Circus Animals' Desertion,\" the speaker claims that he must lie down in \"the foul rag and bone shop of\" this object.","The speaker of one poem by e. e. cummings \"fears no fate\" and \"wants no world\" because he carries this object with him.","In one of his Holy Sonnets, John Donne asks a three-personed God to batter this object.","For 10 points, identify this organ, a \"Tell-Tale\" one of which thumps under the floorboards in a short story by Edgar Allan Poe."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3780a.opus b/tossups/0a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3780a.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/0a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3780a.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62df8ab610329be735a3400a.json b/tossups/0a/62df8ab610329be735a3400a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90acb365b59b88cc56310b07711ca9daefb97605
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62df8ab610329be735a3400a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.52],[3.64,10.84],[10.96,13.84],[13.96,17.92],[18.04,20.76],[20.88,26.0],[26.12,29.96],[30.08,34.8]],"texts":["This leader's country is the subject of a website run by Curtis Melvin.","One of his speeches inspired a song called \"Onwards Toward the Final Victory.\" This man's wife may have been a former singer in the Unhasu Orchestra,","and bootleg CDs of her performances are confiscated.","This leader was accused of ordering the 2010 sinking of a ship called the Cheonan.","Recently, he threatened to wipe out Baengnyeong Island.","This man earned a physics degree at a university named for his grandfather and is the world's youngest head of state.","In February 2013, he met possibly his first American, Dennis Rodman.","For 10 points, name this son of Kim Jong-il, the current supreme leader of North Korea."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f0a.json b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f0a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c0bd39103688eea65a8512be06a05e8ad85c4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f0a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.32],[9.44,12.72],[12.84,15.28],[15.4,23.08],[23.2,27.6],[27.72,33.84],[33.96,40.6],[40.72,44.24]],"texts":["The ancient name of a river in this modern-day country is the origin of the word \"pheasant.\" A person called a tamada pronounces toasts at this country's supra dinners,","during which you can eat lobiani bean bread and sulguni cheese.","Men in this country traditionally wear the Chokha.","The alluvial deposits of this country's Inguri and Rioni rivers form the Kolkhida Lowland, known to classical geographers as Colchis.","This country's biggest port is Batumi, located in the autonomous region of Adjara.","This country claims a region to the northwest governed from Sukhumi, and it is known as Sakartvelo in its native language.","This country still claims possession of two breakaway regions lost in 2008: South Ossetia and Abkhazia.","For 10 points, name this Caucasian country with capital Tbilisi."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9600a.json b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9600a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9fd64104b2030a4495d3d4a6e3a04eba03638430
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9600a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,16.76],[16.88,25.04],[25.16,28.44],[28.56,34.92]],"texts":["One character in this play introduces an ongoing joke when he states the adage, \"In time the savage bull doth bear the yoke.\" At a wedding in this play, all of the women wear masks.","At the beginning of Act IV, a ceremony presided over by Friar Francis is halted after a woman hears herself compared to a \"rotten orange\" for her infidelity and then faints.","A constable in this play retorts \"Forget not that I am an ass.\" In this play, a daughter of Leonato loves a soldier who recently returned to Messina with Don Pedro.","Its minor characters include the drunken Borachio and Dogberry.","For 10 points, name this Shakespeare comedy, which ends with a double wedding for Hero and Claudio as well as Beatrice and Benedick."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9610a.json b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9610a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..324348d99daeb901468ef54e3c7d32ea382dddc6
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,13.64],[13.76,24.68],[24.8,32.32],[32.44,36.96],[37.08,41.24]],"texts":["A story by this author ends with the archaeologist Morand licking blood off a stone hatchet which he used to kill a colleague.","A character created by this author annotates the Dylan Thomas poem \"The Mask\" and dies after declaring that he wants to give up jazz and move to Mexico.","This author of \"The Idol of the Cyclades\" included the saxophonist Johnny in his story \"The Pursuer,\" and also created the photographer Roberto Michel, who unwittingly captures a crime on camera.","99 \"expendable chapters\" appear in a novel by this author, in which a search through Paris for La Maga is undertaken by Horacio Oliveira,","and a \"Table of Instructions\" encourages reading in many non-linear orders.","For 10 points, name this Argentine author of \"Blow Up\" and Hopscotch."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9620a.json b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9620a.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9620a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,12.92],[13.04,19.72],[19.84,25.0],[25.12,29.68]],"texts":["In an episode of this show, one character at a picnic says \"I'll never forgive Orange if they've wiped the twins\".","Another character in this show is described as \"like the fat girl who's been asked to the school disco\" by his new business partner in management consultancy.","Activities undertaken by this show's main characters include burning the corpse of a dog called 'Mummy' and trashing the JLB Credit Office.","This show follows the lives of two male flatmates in Croydon who call themselves the El Dude brothers.","For 10 points, name this long-running sitcom about Jeremy Usborne and Mark Corrigan."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9620a.opus b/tossups/0a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9620a.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b17.json b/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b17.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.68],[8.8,12.88],[13.0,19.32],[19.44,29.56],[29.68,31.6],[31.72,38.72],[38.84,43.36]],"texts":["In one scene of this opera, a man tells of how he found his page with a girl under the kitchen table; while saying this, he lifts a dress from a chair and finds his page.","In a later scene, that page jumps out of a window and breaks Antonio's flowerpots.","This opera begins with the title character measuring space for a bed and singing \"Cinque, dieci,","venti.\" A lawyer in this work vows to exact revenge on a man who caused him to lose his beloved in the aria, \"La Vendetta\"; his plan involves forcing the marriage of Marcellina on the title character,","despite his engagement to Susanna.","This was the first of its composer's operas to have a libretto written by Lorenzo Da Ponte, and this opera continues the story of Count Almaviva.","For 10 points, name this opera by Mozart based on a play by Beaumarchais."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c17.json b/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64247403416b0dc599f3a9dbc98c4441d446cb79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.32],[3.44,10.36],[10.48,15.16],[15.28,18.8],[18.92,23.52],[23.64,29.64],[29.76,34.32],[34.44,39.64]],"texts":["An agreement signed in this city ended the Ethiopia-Eritrea war.","One agreement signed in this city was unable to settle a boundary dispute about the Shatt Al-Arab, and was unable to stop the Iran-Iraq war.","One battle in this city began after a group of female militants bombed a travel agency and a milk bar.","One agreement named for this city ended the Iran Hostage crisis.","Operation Terminal was an attack on this city, leading to the surrender of Alphonse Juin.","Jacques Massu tortured several prisoners during one battle in this city, which was the subject of a Gillo Pontecorvo film.","Along with Casablanca and Oran, this city was a landing site of Operation Torch.","For 10 points, name this city, the capital of a nation in which the FLN kicked out the French."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5817.json b/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5817.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2150f831dfe0002cc9eee1b9098c35a9dd304e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5817.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,15.04],[15.16,23.12],[23.24,27.8],[27.92,32.88]],"texts":["One legend about this empire's origins speaks of how its ruler fled the capital in terror before a siege while his son remained and defeated the besiegers.","One of the final rulers of this empire dreamt of thousands of foreigners on an empty battlefield just before his death, which precipitated a civil war between his two sons.","Descendants of this empire's royalty included Garcilaso de la Vega, and this empire was sometimes named for the four administrative suyus that it was divided into.","The Lord of Cajamarca was a major power broker in this empire, as was the Lord of Quito.","For ten points, name this empire that ruled much of Western South America in pre-Columbian times."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae817.json b/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae817.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,13.08],[13.2,19.16],[19.28,25.76],[25.88,29.88],[30.0,35.36]],"texts":["Large substituent molecules will favor reactions with this characteristic due to the Thorpe-Ingold effect.","It doesn't involve protecting groups, but silicon tethers are inert molecules that artificially drive reactions to temporarily possess this characteristic.","The rate constant for reactions with this characteristic appears in the numerator when calculating the effective molarity.","Reactions with this characteristic experience a significant rate acceleration relative to their counterparts due to the proximity effect.","Cyclizations and rearrangements are two types of reactions with this characteristic.","For 10 points, name this characteristic of reactions that are limited to altering the structure of a single molecule."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec17.json b/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec17.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.56],[4.68,10.88],[11.0,17.28],[17.4,22.68],[22.8,28.32],[28.44,33.56],[33.68,37.32]],"texts":["For use in this purpose, Soranus of Ephesus suggested using ginger or pomegranate juice.","According to a papyrus document from Kahun, mixing honey, saltpeter, and crocodile dung would create a substance with this purpose.","The primary ingredient in Cyrenaic juice, silphium, was driven into extinction by Romans using it for this purpose.","Ethel Byrne and Fania Mindell helped open the first American clinic for this purpose in Brownsville, New York.","Katherine McCormick funded the research of John Rock and Gregory Pincus, who developed a substance used for this purpose.","Promotion of this practice named the forerunner to an organization founded by Margaret Sanger, Planned Parenthood.","For 10 points, condoms and the pill were invented for what purpose?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee17.json b/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7d26d59feef1d9cb6beb34aa04fe7ecf23943dd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.84],[7.96,13.96],[14.08,19.92],[20.04,27.16],[27.28,32.72],[32.84,36.6]],"texts":["Following the drowning of a young woman in this city's canals, Julian Santana moved to an island in this city and hung thousands of dolls on it to appease her spirit.","Massive interlocking suspended shelves characterize this city's Alberto Kalach-designed Vasconcelos Library.","This city's metro system associates a unique image with each station due to widespread illiteracy when it was built.","Museums and a zoo are found in this city's Bosque de Chapultepec, a large public park which also contains its former imperial castle.","The volcano Popocatepetl overlooks this city, where you can attend soccer matches at the Estadio Azteca.","For 10 points, identify this capital city of America's southern neighbor."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738817.json b/tossups/17/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738817.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738817.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,13.36],[13.48,23.6],[23.72,26.68],[26.8,37.76],[37.88,48.68],[48.8,51.04]],"texts":["A poem in a collection named for this figure ends with the words \"Thalassio, Thalassio, Thalassio\" and insults Vollmer's lover.","A philosopher named Siro is believed to have taught this person, since he appears in a pair of poems in that aforementioned collection.","Another poem in that collection named for this man is set when \"night had completed ten of winter's hours\" and describes an African slave named Scybale as well as his master, who grounds up coriander,","garlic, parsley, colewort, onions, leeks,","cheese and salt with a pestle to create a single color \"out of many.\" This author is believed to have written fifteen poems called \"Trifles,\" as well as a poem in which the title creaturenarrates the story of the Trojan War to the shepherd who killed it.","Poems such as \"The Salad\" and \"The Gnat\" are thought to be this writer's juvenilia and appear in an \"Appendix\" named for him.For 10 points, name this author, whose other poetry includes the Georgics,","Bucolics and The Aeneid."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f17.json b/tossups/17/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1bc3ee10e575d7989da728b046caab70ebc34e40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,21.4],[21.52,26.32],[26.44,32.08],[32.2,38.64]],"texts":["One of them features a series of verses rising in vehemence and is commonly named for \"the People,\" while another is a somber piece in E minor known as the \"Funeral March.\" They also include a piece in E major named \"Berceuse\" and a work in G major titled \"May Breezes,\" that should not be confused with a work in A major that celebrates \"Spring.\" The last two sets of these short works were the composer's Opuses 85 and 102,","respectively, while the second of them, Opus 30, was dedicated to the composer's sister, Fanny.","Ultimately comprising 8 books, the more oft played pieces include the Duetto and the three Venetian Boat Songs.","For 10 points, name this series of 48 works for the piano that do not feature lyrics, and were composed by Felix Mendelssohn."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df3ddba2602b93e0408017.json b/tossups/17/62df3ddba2602b93e0408017.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.0],[8.12,13.96],[14.08,23.32],[23.44,31.12],[31.24,36.08],[36.2,45.36]],"texts":["One of the two widely studied forms of this process is attributable to the action of Vif proteins, which cause this reaction in response to APOBEC expression.","That form of this mechanism was discovered first in spleen necrosis virus and was then in other lentiviridae.","Another form of this biological process requires in its aftermath uracil-DNA glycosylase to undertake gene-specific high-fidelity repair to suppress the creation of lymphomas.","That second form of this process is initiated by AID complexes, which induce it in proliferating plasma cell candidates after an encounter with a novel antigen;","it is known as the \"somatic\" form and is the mechanism through which B cells acquire specificity.","For 10 points, name this biological mechanism, the first form of which results in a high frequency of guanine-to-adenine changes and is used by HIV to evade detection."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df7ca243aee49db2f76917.json b/tossups/17/62df7ca243aee49db2f76917.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfef58b63eaadb766723766c521a11ac327a25e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62df7ca243aee49db2f76917.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,13.24],[13.36,19.12],[19.24,28.32],[28.44,31.88],[32.0,39.72]],"texts":["This effect manifests in a difference in angle between the current density and electric field in short samples, such as the Corbino disc geometry.","Using a square of semiconductor, with contacts at the corners where measurements are taken of resistivity and this phenomenon,","the mobility and sheet density of a majority carrier can be determined by the van der Pauw (POW) method.","Its conductivity, for certain conditions, is quantized at integer or rational fraction multiples of fundamental charge squared over Planck's constant, so it is used to define the Ohm.","Due to the deflection of moving charges, the Lorentz force underlies it.","For 10 points, name this effect that is the production of a potential difference due to the influence of a magnetic field transverse to current."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a17.json b/tossups/17/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a64fa8d44041ac1e72ee519f4d7bf29772e689fc
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,11.92],[12.04,18.56],[18.68,26.56],[26.68,35.28]],"texts":["This author wrote about a figure whose work the narrator compares to attracting a crowd by cracking nuts.","In one of this author's stories, the dying emperor sends a messenger to you, his subject, who is slowed by throngs of people at the emperor's bedside.","He wrote of a woman who believes she possesses great musical abilities that bring comfort to her people, the \"mouse folk.\" In another story,","a gatekeeper warns a visitor from the country of the even more fearsome gatekeepers beyond, and at the end of the visitor's life tells him the gate was built only for him and will now be closed.","This author of \"Josephine the Singer\" embedded that story, \"Before the Law,\" in his novel about Josef K. For 10 points, name this author of The Trial."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d017.json b/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d017.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94f29d2f6587897e452dfb73aa3b3506af25372f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d017.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,14.08],[14.2,27.16],[27.28,30.44]],"texts":["One writer with this surname, William, edited the first British edition of Whitman's poems and was the chief editor of the literary magazine The Germ.","Another writer with this surname wrote \"A Sonnet is a moment's monument\" in the introductory poem of his sonnet sequence The House of Life.","This name was shared by one writer who penned \"In the Bleak Midwinter\" and another who wrote of a woman leaning \"out from the gold bar of Heaven\" in \"The Blessed Damozel.\" The former author of this name wrote about Laura and Lizzie's encounter with fruit sellers in \"Goblin Market.\" For 10 points,","give this surname shared by English poets Dante and Christina."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d217.json b/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d217.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..999830552c669170295650c125d102fa7c8440be
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+++ b/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d217.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,23.08],[23.2,26.6],[26.72,33.4]],"texts":["This man used a televised speech to refer to the Jewish people as \"this elite people\" following Israel's victory in the Six-Day War.","His other speeches included the \"Appeal of 18 June\" and a controversial declaration of \"vive le Quebec libre.\" This man criticized the static strategy of the Maginot Line in his book The Army of the Future and encouraged his countrymen to reject the policies of Philippe Petain,","who led the collaborationist Vichy regime in this man's country.","For 10 points, name this leader of the Free French during World War II, a general who was also the first president of the Fifth Republic."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d317.json b/tossups/17/62df8012e66cc66ca571d317.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5bebc2e9c62d717b622ffd8531a4a6a8c451f248
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,13.8],[13.92,19.04],[19.16,24.64],[24.76,31.2],[31.32,36.6]],"texts":["Though he is not Fragonard, this artist painted a woman in a blue and white dress timidly stepping on the title object in his painting The Swing.","He painted a woman in a striped dress in front of a man peering through opera glasses in his painting of a theater box.","This artist painted a red background behind a pair of sisters dressed in the title colors in his Pink and Blue.","One painting by this artist shows a woman in a blue and yellow striped dress being leaned over by another woman at a party,","and in another painting this artist shows a female figure attempting to kiss a small dog as three different people wear yellow straw hats.","For 10 points, name this artist of Dance at the Moulin de la Galette and Luncheon of the Boating Party."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df83920c3a38102cd75817.json b/tossups/17/62df83920c3a38102cd75817.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,13.84],[13.96,20.64],[20.76,25.96],[26.08,32.28]],"texts":["Materials that obey this relation have an interparticle potential proportional to d over r to the 6th power, assuming r is greater than d.","The isotherm of this equation below the critical temperature was modified by Maxwell to include a flat portion, which removes the metastable states.","It assumes the material in question consists of hard spheres of equal radius, and can be derived as a first-order truncation of the virial equation.","It contains parameters for inter-particle attraction and particle volume, or a and b respectively.","For 10 points, name this modification of the Ideal Gas Law, an equation of state named for a Dutch chemist."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/17/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37817.json b/tossups/17/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37817.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03c023056edc0b37eaa8b309dd8b98f51388ac65
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+++ b/tossups/17/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37817.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,12.84],[12.96,21.88],[22.0,26.56],[26.68,29.76],[29.88,34.2]],"texts":["The protagonist of this work publicly humiliates her husband by remarking that when he pulls down his britches, he looks like \"the change of life.\" In this novel,","the protagonist grows jealous of Nunkie and fears that her husband will be like Who Flung, who stole Annie Taylor's money after they were married.","In this work, the mayor of a certain town needs to feel like a \"big voice.\" This work's protagonist is offered rice by the woman to whom she recounts her story after returning to Eatonville.","Earlier, she shoots her lover in self-defense several weeks after he is bitten by a rabid dog.","After the death of Jody Starks, the protagonist marries Tea Cake.","For 10 points, Janie Crawford is the protagonist of what novel by Zora Neale Hurston?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37917.json b/tossups/17/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37917.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b3314b435f646198d3a0534e8edc4b6fc94fc84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37917.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.96],[4.08,8.92],[9.04,13.0],[13.12,17.92],[18.04,23.96],[24.08,28.92],[29.04,36.36]],"texts":["The target of this event wrote the posthumously published memoir Answer to History.","Before this event, the Cinema Rex fire, which killed over 400, was blamed on the government.","A pivotal moment in this event involved the shooting of protesters at Zhaleh Square.","The target of this event underwent gallstone surgery at the Cornell Medical Center, prompting protests.","The reform efforts of Shapour Bakthiar, which included dissolving the secret police known as SAVAK, did not placate religious conservatives.","A few months after it took place, 66 Americans were held hostage after an embassy was stormed.","For 10 points, name this 1979 event that overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and replaced him with the Ayatollah Khomeini."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62df8ab610329be735a33e17.json b/tossups/17/62df8ab610329be735a33e17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6d9f246de67cb3964dd006280904396a7b97439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62df8ab610329be735a33e17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.24],[9.36,12.4],[12.52,18.72],[18.84,22.76],[22.88,31.36],[31.48,37.44]],"texts":["One drug used to treat this disease unusually turns one's urine orange and inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while another one must be activated by KatG catalase-peroxidase.","This disease can be vaccinated against using BCG.","Especially dangerous in immunocompromised individuals, this disease's causative agents can be contained in granulomas,","although this sometimes does not kill off the bacterium and leads to a latent phase.","This disease, which can be diagnosed through the Mantoux test or a chest x-ray, is caused by a bacterium with an unusually thick and lipid-rich cell wall.","For 10 points, name this disease caused by a Mycobacterium, which was referred to in the past as consumption."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95617.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95617.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..317a28b455366a0ca61353b3cfc42309f2c96110
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95617.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.2],[8.32,14.36],[14.48,17.8],[17.92,26.76],[26.88,35.12],[35.24,43.04],[43.16,49.56],[49.68,56.24]],"texts":["In this piece's frst movement, the winds unexpectedly play a G-D descent, rather than the expected F-sharp and C-sharp, breaking from the double-exposition.","Also in this piece's frst movement, the soloist is infamously required to play double-stops at the interval of a tenth.","Its composer abandoned his plan for a four-movement concerto,","consolidating its original inner movements into a single so-called \"feeble adagio\" and incorporating discarded material into his B-fat major second pi-ano concerto.","The prominence of a solo oboe playing a beautiful melody with woodwind accompaniment in this concerto's second movement so pissed of Pablo de Sarasate that he refused to perform it.","This piece was the last major concerto to task the soloist with improvising a cadenza; most choose to play the one composed by the dedicatee.","This concerto is in the same genre and key as the Opus 61 of Beethoven, whom its composer idolized.","For 10 points, name this D major concerto dedicated to Joseph Joachim, composed by Brahms for a stringed soloist."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95717.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95717.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c77cdbc90560945e2c5386427d09eaf1cfe268af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95717.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.04],[9.16,11.64],[11.76,16.48],[16.6,17.64],[17.76,27.72],[27.84,32.72],[32.84,42.08],[42.2,46.08],[46.2,54.44]],"texts":["A character in this flm exclaims that Hemingway's writing was the \"premature ejaculate of the 20th century!\" Its title char-acter reminisces about girls sitting on straw sacks,","who were impossible to console in a camp at Gurs.","During its opening, a man walks down a road at nighttime and drops a fashlight as he is shoved into a truck.","Near its end,","this flm's protagonist ends a lecture with the phrase \"when the chips are down,\" which she had earlier misspoken as \"when the ships are down.\" A stroke leaves Heinrich Blucher bedridden in this flm,","whose supporting characters include an assistant named Lotte and the Zionist Kurt Blumenfeld.","The editorial board of the New Yorker complains that Americans can't handle too much philoso-phy in this flm, which is interspersed with real footage of Gideon Hausner talking to a man in a glass box,","and also stars Klaus Pohl as the protagonist's lover Martin Heidegger.","For 10 points, name this 2013 biopic by Marguerite von Trotta, in which the 1 title political thinker goes to Israel to report on the Eichmann trial."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95817.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95817.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e44334131dc93bf68fce24c1ade409a44d4da593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95817.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.88],[9.0,28.0],[28.12,36.84],[36.96,47.0]],"texts":["By the last stanza of this poem, the speaker is \"ablaze with rage,\" but calms down upon realizing that another location was also \"nook-shotten, rook o'erblown,","deranged By foaming channels and the vain expense Of bitter faction.\" The speaker of this poem sees \"moth-like girls... mixed with candle dust\" and \"axle and coach wheel silted under the muck Of cattle droppings,\" then provides a tongue-in-cheek invocation of the Songs of Innocence by bidding farewell to \"green felds\" and \"happy groves.\" This poem's speaker thinks of \"men like Hawkins,","Walter Raleigh, Drake, Ancestral murderers and poets\" who perpetrate \"ulcerous crimes.\" Only a \"disjecta membra\" remains of this poem's title location,","where \"a smell of dead limes quickens in the nose The leprosy of empire.\" For 10 points, name this anti-colonial Derek Walcott poem whose speaker tours a decrepit former plantation."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c17.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9182fdd268b1ac3cb5b9dfb8c5cb38e304b381df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,13.4],[13.52,18.04],[18.16,23.96],[24.08,30.6],[30.72,37.2],[37.32,43.52],[43.64,48.84]],"texts":["A character with this job states that he had a vision of a child who died less than two weeks ago being borne up to heaven while talking to the child's mother.","That man with this job uses the examples of Darius drunkenly shooting his knight's son, Cyrus destroying the river Gysen,","and a judge condemning three knights to their death as examples of the negative effects of anger.","In that story, a member of this profession puts his hand down Thomas's back in order to receive a gift that he can divide evenly.","The prologue to that story depicts an angel asking Satan to lift his tail, after which 20,000 of these people fly out of his ass.","A squire suggests that a man of this profession acquire a cartwheel to perform the aforementioned division when the gift turns out to be a fart.","The Summoner tells a mocking tale about members of this profession after one of them tells a similar tale about a summoner.","For 10 points, the Wife of Bath's tale is followed by a tale by a member of what mendicant religious occupation?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d17.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..572e933f43a0d52f371a11f566820a5b87b8844e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.08],[1.2,11.16],[11.28,21.0],[21.12,23.48],[23.6,31.72],[31.84,41.32],[41.44,50.0]],"texts":["In one paper,","this philosopher examines the sentences \"There is a goldfinch in the garden\" and \"There's a bittern at the bottom of the garden\" to consider the possibility of distinguishing mental and physical states.","In another paper, this philosopher compared the acts of feeding penguins poisonous peanuts and throwing glass shards on a sidewalk to maim a pedestrian to differentiate between purposely acting,","deliberating acting and intentionally acting.","A posthumous work by this author of \"Three Ways of Spilling Ink\" and \"Other Minds\" is a series of lecture notes titled \"Problems of Philosophy\" compiled by Geoffrey Warnock.","Those notes distinguish between qualitatively delusive and existentially delusive perceptions and refute sense-data theories found in another author's Foundations of Empirical Knowledge.","For 10 points, name this ordinary language philosopher who wrote Sense and Sensibilia, and proposed a theory of performative utterances in \"How to Do Things with Words.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e17.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cef15506c9d03cded23e4582825700601502dead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,13.56],[13.68,19.2],[19.32,25.64],[25.76,33.64],[33.76,41.32],[41.44,48.2],[48.32,52.4]],"texts":["If the trajectory of a photon travelling in a material possesses this property, the photon can constructively self-interfere via coherent backscattering.","For Stokes flow, a swimmer whose swimming motion possesses this property will not achieve propulsion according to the scallop theorem.","The surface states of topological insulators are protected by conservation of particle number and this property.","All spin-1/2 eigenstates of a Hamiltonian with it must be at least doubly-degenerate according to Kramers' theorem.","Applying the antiunitary operator associated with this property to the neutron causes a change in its spin, but no change in its electric dipole moment.","The incompatibility between systems whose microscopic dynamics possess it and the second law of thermodynamics is described by Loschmidt's paradox.","The combination of charge conjugation and parity inversion with this symmetry is an exact symmetry of all particle interactions according to the CPT theorem.","For 10 points, name this symmetry in which the temporal order of events is flipped."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f17.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f17.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..391f77c90e132c2cb4cae0e08e42e20939f74b1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f17.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.32],[8.44,16.32],[16.44,22.64],[22.76,26.0],[26.12,35.04],[35.16,39.68]],"texts":["During a rulership controversy in this polity, Isabella of Anjou's marriage to Humphrey of Toron was annulled in favor of a man who was assassinated a few days after taking the crown.","This state denounced illegal confiscation of fiefs in the Assise sur la ligence, issued by its Haute Cour during the rule of Amalric I. At age sixteen,","a ruler of this kingdom overcame overwhelming odds at the Battle of Montgisard, and lifted the Siege of Kerak shortly before his death.","This kingdom's coat of arms had five golden crosses on a white field.","It was ruled by the leprous Baldwin IV, whose successor Guy of Lusignan lost the disastrous Battle of Hattin, after which Saladin captured its main city and provoked the Third Crusade.","For 10 points, name this crusader kingdom named for its extremely holy city."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96017.json b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96017.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cb9778d620c7f73f0ca32f53bf4a7c5174a9898e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/17/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96017.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,8.92],[9.04,13.48],[13.6,19.08],[19.2,25.84],[25.96,31.96],[32.08,39.52]],"texts":["A Hamiltonian path in the polyhedron representing these entities can be found using the Steinhaus-Johnson-Trotter algorithm.","The Fisher-Yates method is used for sampling a random one of these.","The pure Braid group is the kernel of the homomorphism of the Braid group to the group of these things.","Calculating a determinant involves summing products of matrix elements over all possible ones of these.","Cayley's theorem states that a group G is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group acting on G, which is itself a set of these.","The sign of the Levi-Civita symbol determines whether these things are odd or even, and they can be decomposed into transpositions.","For a set of size n, there exist n factorial of, for 10 points, what rearrangements of a set for which order matters?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b1c.json b/tossups/1c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bf42e3adc446746175ba534f1121fd6c40bd1943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,16.28],[16.4,22.44],[22.56,36.56],[36.68,41.2]],"texts":["This poem describes the \"similitudes of the past, and those of the future\" and the \"glories strung like beads on my smallest sights and hearings\" as part of a \"well-join'd scheme.\" Later,","the speaker states, \"The dark threw patches down upon me\" and details the \"cheating look, the frivolous word, the adulterous wish, not wanting\" after saying,","\"I am he who knew what it was to be evil.\" The speaker declares, \"distance avails not, and place avails not\" after asking,","\"What is the count of the scores or hundreds of years between us?\" This poem ends describing how we \"descend upon you and all things\" and how \"you furnish your parts toward the soul.\" It describes \"crowds of men and women attired in the usual costumes\" and begins with the exclamation,","\"Flood-tide below me!\" For 10 points, name this Whitman poem about a boat ride in New York."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a581c.json b/tossups/1c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a581c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73e13034910e73627564846a0adee751a72b47d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a581c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,12.6],[12.72,21.88],[22.0,30.6],[30.72,38.96]],"texts":["In a biography titled The Founder, Robert I. Rotberg inferred that this man might have been in a homosexual relationship with Neville Pickering.","Polish princess Radziwill had an unhealthy obsession with this man, and falsely claimed that she was engaged to this man.","Charles Rudd and this man convinced King Lobengula to hand over the resource-rich Matebeland; this was known as the \"Rudd Concession.\" While he enjoyed a successful life,","this man disastrously supported the \"Jameson Raid\" on a republic lead by Paul Kruger, and he never ended up realizing his dream of building a railroad from Cape Town to Cairo.","De Beers Consolidated Mines was founded by A- for ten points A- what diamond magnate and \"colossal\" British imperialist, the namesake of a prestigious Oxford scholarship?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae81c.json b/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae81c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57cc62b3bedc12937d6a0d9a5f78151b9d3fc20f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae81c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,11.0],[11.12,15.64],[15.76,23.36],[23.48,27.8],[27.92,31.52],[31.64,38.4],[38.52,41.24]],"texts":["A coup against this leader failed after he sent the army division meant to attack him to go harvest maize instead.","Intellectuals under this leader claimed that the Tartaria Tables depicted the first alphabet to support their theories of \"protochronism\".","The purge of Ana Pauker and the \"Muscovite\" faction brought this man to power.","This man declared \"the fetus is the property of the entire society\" in his Decree 770, which banned contraception.","Thousands of orphans were crammed into orphanages such as Cighid during this man's reign.","This man laid out his political philosophy in the July Theses.","Cries of \"Timisoara!\" overshadowed a speech by this leader, after which he and his wife Elena were killed on Christmas on live TV.","For 10 points, name this Romanian dictator."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec1c.json b/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eeaf8a90ac3cd4337bcaa3f26e1fab30d47aba66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,15.8],[15.92,21.28],[21.4,26.4],[26.52,32.96],[33.08,38.24]],"texts":["One short piano piece by this composer begins with pianissimo left hand playing an ascending and descending \"B flat - C - D - G\" motif.","An E major Andantino con moto piece by this composer is tricky to perform due to polyrhythmic pairing of triplets and eighth notes in the left and right hands, and vice versa.","One piano suite by this composer opens with a tempo rubato first movement and ends with a passepied final movement.","Triads in pentatonic scale open a piece by this man that is named for an artistic motif.","Early short piano pieces by this composer include \"Reverie\", his two \"Arabesques\", and a four movement suite inspired by Paul Verlaine.","For 10 points, name this French composer, whose Suite bergamasque contains \"Clair de lune\"."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee1c.json b/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7095ab09caf84eb950bcb9fcbddaef5d8068392a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.68],[7.8,11.76],[11.88,21.64],[21.76,28.84],[28.96,34.8],[34.92,39.76]],"texts":["The industrialization of this commodity rested at every step on violence according to a Bancroft-winning book titled for the \"Empire\" of it by Sven Beckert.","James Hammond gave a speech which argued no one would make war on this commodity,","a concept known as its namesake \"diplomacy.\" This commodity is the primary one produced by a system defended economically by Stanley Engerman and Robert Fogel in Time on the Cross.","This commodity, a shortage of which triggered a famine in Lancashire, surged in production in Egypt following an American Civil War-era blockade.","This commodity's industrialization was aided by the invention of a namesake \"gin\" invented by Eli Whitney.","For 10 points, name this commodity farmed by African-American slaves in the American South."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f1c.json b/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..941f003de7bf59a699fea020483639da448399c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.08],[9.2,19.0],[19.12,28.04],[28.16,34.72],[34.84,40.4]],"texts":["Its 3A protein depletes tumor necrosis factor receptor expression on the cell membrane of its host, while its 3C protein cleaves TATA-binding protein to shut off host RNA synthesis.","Reference strains of this pathogen include Mahoney and MEF-1, and the Nomoto group's development of the TgPVR mouse created the first non-primate model organism system for studying it.","SV40 was first identified in co-culturation with this pathogen in monkey kidney cells, and the first discovery of an internal ribosomal entry sequence occurred in this picornavirus's genome.","A small fraction of infections with this enterovirus result in infection of anterior horn motor neurons, which causes spinal paralysis.","For 10 points, name this small RNA virus against which vaccines were developed by Sabin and Salk."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e040801c.json b/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e040801c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4960ef2e0baa2ec9971d767bd37789d9b02436c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e040801c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.28],[4.4,11.28],[11.4,18.96],[19.08,23.72],[23.84,28.28],[28.4,36.2],[36.32,44.68],[44.8,47.88]],"texts":["The finale to one opera by this man derives tunes from music to Gehe's Heinrich IV.","In that opera two slaves recount their childhood in the duet \"On the Banks of the Sweet Garonne\" and mermaids frolic in the finale, \"Oh,","'tis pleasant.\" He also included such objects as an enchanted golden cup containing infinite wine and a magical horn in that opera,","whose title character saves the day by having Ruon and Reiza returned to the court of Charlemagne.","In another opera by him the title character has two solos in the first act,","including \"Through the forests and meadows.\" That title character loves the cousin of Anchen and by opera's end is forgiven by Prince Ottokar.","His notable parts in that opera include the music of the Wolf's Glen scene and the \"Hunter's Chorus.\" For 10 points, name this composer of an opera about the king of fairies, Oberon,","and an opera about the marksman Max, Der Freischutz."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e040811c.json b/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e040811c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..075e0a47c6b8a9f639b2373a783a8dfa02367085
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df3ddba2602b93e040811c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.0],[8.12,14.8],[14.92,19.68],[19.8,25.32],[25.44,29.56],[29.68,33.68],[33.8,40.4]],"texts":["In one election, this politician contradicted his opponent's Sheffield Rally by standing on an actual soapbox and shouting through a megaphone in Luton.","He appointed the Nolan Committee to investigate the Cash-for-Questions affair, which involved Harrod's owner Mohamed Al-Fayed bribing members of his party.","He defeated Neil Kinnock in general election before signing the Downing Street Declaration with Albert Reynolds.","This man withdrew the pound from the European Exchange Rate Mechanism after its value fell on Black Wednesday.","He was opposed by the Maastricht Rebels, members of his own party who opposed that treaty.","He also governed during the First Gulf War before being defeated by the New Labour party.","For 10 points, name this successor of Margaret Thatcher, a conservative Prime Minister of the UK for much of the 1990s."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a1c.json b/tossups/1c/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d3b09837ddf962b8f3d555dbd1fd6cd708466dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,13.8],[13.92,17.96],[18.08,26.2],[26.32,31.64],[31.76,36.52]],"texts":["A recent best-selling book called politicians from this country the \"untouchable caste\" and detailed corrupt payments to the so-called \"mountain communities\" in this country.","A politician in this country has organized several V-Days, including a \"Screw You\" day to protest political corruption.","That politician here is the leader of the Five-Star Movement and is a former comedian.","A former leader of this country jumped out from behind a pillar to scare Angela Merkel, and was recently convicted for tax evasion stemming from his role as the founder of Mediaset.","That man here was also prosecuted for procuring underage prostitutes at Bunga bunga parties.","For 10 points, name this country formerly led by the head of The People of Freedom, Silvio Berlusconi."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d01c.json b/tossups/1c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d01c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6430ca51f8a4aa86be2b7082f30b18c6d595c6c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d01c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,14.48],[14.6,19.12],[19.24,26.16],[26.28,30.16],[30.28,33.64]],"texts":["In 1982, Damien Hurst painted of one of these animals for his hairdresser girlfriend in a painting that was deemed worthless by Sotherby's.","A Jan Steen painting in which a group of them sit on a table is titled after their \"family.\" Louis Wain is best known for painting these animals with large eyes.","A bucket of water and three of these animals fly through the air in the photograph Dali Atomicus.","A Donatello equestrian statue of Erasmo of Narni is usually named for a nickname meaning a \"honeyed\" one of these animals.","On the far right of Manet's Olympia, a black one of these animals stands on the bed.","For 10 points, name these animals often depicted in Egyptian tombs."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d31c.json b/tossups/1c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d31c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b012987bc2b0a1f3288fa4d389baa40cba2a8fdf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d31c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,10.56],[10.68,14.0],[14.12,33.28],[33.4,37.24]],"texts":["In one section of this work, the double bass plays a slowed-down, ponderous version of the \"Dance of the Sylphs\" from The Damnation of Faust.","Two pianists play rapid scales up and down the piano in its third section.","An offstage clarinet repeats the ostinato C,","A flat in a section of this work in order to imitate a being \"from the depths of the woods.\" It instructs performers to deliberately hit wrong notes after playing simple scales in its section \"Pianists,\" and mocks its composer by using a xylophone to quote sections of Danse Macabre in its section \"Fossils.\" Featuring the movements \"Aviary,\" \"Aquarium,\" and \"The Swan,\" for 10 points,","name this \"Grand Zoological Fantasy\" by Camille Saint-Saens."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df83920c3a38102cd7581c.json b/tossups/1c/62df83920c3a38102cd7581c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6b05b6066a8339a39d7cc0b239fe8787ee189ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df83920c3a38102cd7581c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,12.72],[12.84,18.52],[18.64,26.56],[26.68,36.48]],"texts":["Mary Seacole ran a hospital for soldiers injured on the front of this war, which William Howard Russell gained fame for reporting on.","Tensions that led to this war increased when Russia insisted that another country follow the conditions of the Treaty of Kuchuk Kainarji,","leading to fears that Russia was attempting to establish exclusive influence over that country in violation of the Straits Treaty.","The treaty ending this war demilitarized the Aland Islands, made the Black Sea neutral, and prevented Russia from claiming the right to protect the Christians in the Ottoman Empire.","For 10 points, name this war which saw the bloody Siege of Sevastopol, and pitted France and Great Britain against Russia in the namesake Ukranian peninsula from 1853 to 1856."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df83920c3a38102cd7591c.json b/tossups/1c/62df83920c3a38102cd7591c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a46137176cc8cdf226d9fd4b2038adc42984657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df83920c3a38102cd7591c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.32],[4.44,20.96],[21.08,29.4],[29.52,33.72]],"texts":["Late in his life, this artist produced prints like The Knife Thrower and The Snail,","known as his \"cutouts.\" He painted a figure with an unnaturally twisted buttock in a work subtitled \"Souvenir de Biskra,\" as well as a portrait of his wife with her face split in two by a \"green line.\" This painter of Blue Nude depicted the title color bleeding from the floor to the wallpaper in his painting The Red Room.","He used a half-blue and half-green landscape to display five red figures in a circle in another painting, a scene reimagined in this artist's The Joy of Life.","For 10 points, name this painter of The Dance, the leader of Fauvism."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3791c.json b/tossups/1c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3791c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9719667afb2a49c70830f20e60f6362208b690ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3791c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,10.28],[10.4,17.32],[17.44,21.76],[21.88,26.8],[26.92,30.2],[30.32,34.28],[34.4,40.28]],"texts":["This color gives the colloquial name for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry book published by IUPAC.","An indicator of this color is used to treat methemoglobulinemia; that is its \"methylene\" form.","In a common laboratory demonstration, a colorless, alkaline glucose solution in a closed bottle turns this color when the bottle is shaken.","The indicator Congo red unusually turns this color in acidic solution.","The anion in prussic acid was named for being isolated from the \"Prussian\" pigment of this color.","It represents nitrogen in CPK models of compounds.","This is the color of anhydrous cobalt ions and of copper-ammonia solutions.","For 10 points, name this color of many cyanide-containing compounds, also the color that litmus turns in basic solution."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df8ab610329be735a33e1c.json b/tossups/1c/62df8ab610329be735a33e1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aadf63c61156a75935e09fb0489100c55be338ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df8ab610329be735a33e1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,16.96],[17.08,23.08],[23.2,27.4],[27.52,30.6],[30.72,35.76]],"texts":["A man who held this office was so angered by his predecessor's three-hour farewell address that he had his secretary, Algernon Thompson, read his opening speech for him.","The second man to hold this post said, \"The cultivated mind is the guardian genius of democracy\" and printed worthless currency called \"Redbacks.\" The last man to hold this post, Anson Jones, said,","\"The final act in this great drama is now performed\" as he lowered a flag on February 19, 1846.","The second man elected to this post was promoted to colonel after the Battle of San Jacinto.","That man was Mirabeau Lamar, who succeeded Sam Houston.","For 10 points, name this head of an independent republic that was annexed by the United States."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62df8ab610329be735a33f1c.json b/tossups/1c/62df8ab610329be735a33f1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0df4d6fa1b65bbf3fad4d3b2f0e798c0f01d8376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62df8ab610329be735a33f1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.72],[8.84,13.56],[13.68,24.44],[24.56,32.76],[32.88,41.0],[41.12,43.36]],"texts":["Constructing this form in Finnish involves using the auxiliary verb \"olla\" and the participle endings, and in Welsh it is created by adding the letters \"as\" before another form.","Italian uses both \"recent\" and \"remote\" versions of this verb form, and in French,","it is formed in writing by adding a past participle to forms of \"avoir\" and \"etre.\" German and French speakers both use an alternative version of this form in which particles from another tense are doubled.","In Latin, this verb form is created in the subjunctive by adding \"isse\" before the personal verb endings, and in the indicative by adding \"era\" before the personal endings.","For 10 points, identify this verb form, a tense or aspect which indicates an action that was completed before another action of the past referenced in the surrounding context,","or chronologically before the perfect."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9561c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9561c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9a3af154447cd2982cdd316d35467b7b4c62884c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9561c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,13.08],[13.2,19.96],[20.08,29.6],[29.72,33.68],[33.8,40.16],[40.28,45.96],[46.08,50.44]],"texts":["Efcient numerical computation of the periodic form of these functions is possible due to Ewald's method,","which was ini-tially developed to transforms slowly convergent series representations of them for the 3D Helmholtz equation to a rapidly convergent series.","To resolve a common problem that arises when the numbers of non-zero solutions for the homogeneous direct and adjoint problems are equal,","a \"modifed\" variant of these functions can be constructed either by removing part of their boundary conditions or by subtracting from the right side of their defnition a term involving the conjugate of a solution.","These functions act in the second variable as the response to a point source,","leading them to be sometimes called \"causal fun-damental solution\" or \"impulse response\" to an original initial-value problem,","and they are defned as functions that produce a Dirac delta function when acted on by a linear diferential operator.","For 10 points, identify these eponymous integral kernels used to solve diferential equations."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9571c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9571c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58de36e3c2a62c0f30ea3b8e9e630370754c2826
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9571c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.64],[10.76,18.64],[18.76,28.2],[28.32,31.8],[31.92,40.0],[40.12,45.56],[45.68,50.08]],"texts":["At one point in this symphony's frst movement, two trumpets play a double-dotted A Major scale fragment before playing the high notes \"E G-Sharp B\" over the chords \"A Major, E Major add6,","B Major add6.\" The recapitulation of this symphony's slow movement begins afer a sof, slow glissando in the violins from a high D to a C two octaves below.","The 2 scherzo of this symphony opens with the horns playing a solo that end with the notes \"B C-Sharp D F-Sharp B,\" followed by both a landler and a waltz.","This symphony's fourth movement is played only by the strings and harp.","This symphony, which begins in C-Sharp Minor and ends in D Major, features an very difcult opening trumpet solo in its frst movement funeral march.","Its fourth movement Adagietto may have been intended as a love song to the composer's new wife Alma.","For 10 points, name this Mahler symphony which immediately precedes his Tragic symphony."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9581c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9581c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a0e20d209cd5ab556aaac42dfd921ff03d2f15c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9581c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.88],[11.0,20.2],[20.32,27.28],[27.4,36.56],[36.68,45.84],[45.96,54.88],[55.0,63.0]],"texts":["A book by sociologist Brian Sutton-Smith analyzes this phenomenon through seven \"rhetorics,\" including the \"rhetoric of animal progress,\" and the \"rhetoric of identity,\" in a book titled afer the \"Ambiguity of,\" this phenomenon.","A six-stage model of this phenomenonwasdevelopedby MildredParten, andit wasdividedintothe categoriesof agon, alea, mimicry, and ilinx in a book by Roger Caillois.","According to Friedrich Schiller's On the Aesthetic Education of Man, man is \"only wholly a man\" when engaged in this activity.","According to a lecture by Derrida, the purpose of the center of a structure was to limit the possibility of this activity; that lecture is titled afer structure, sign, and this action,","\"in the Discourse of the Human Sci-ences.\" Another work on this activity attempts a classifcation of words used to denote this action in languages such as Greek, Sanskrit, and Japanese,","and distinguishes the \"cheat\" from the \"spoil-sport\" because while the former still acknowledges the \"magic circle,\" the latter destroys the \"illusion\" associated with this activity.","For 10 points, identify this activity which is the subject of Johan Huizinga's Homo Ludens and which is engaged in by adults and children for pleasure."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9591c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9591c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6a2e060565d165b709d9dce4c3f75c92049b2111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9591c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.48],[7.6,15.76],[15.88,25.44],[25.56,30.64],[30.76,36.2],[36.32,42.92],[43.04,48.36]],"texts":["Ancient Ugaritic texts refer to this practice as \"esretu,\" which was apparently performed collectively by the entire village instead of by an individual.","In Sikh tradition, this practice is called Dasvandh, and manuals specify that it may include the practice of \"sewa.\" In traditional Judaism,","the so-called \"frst\" example of it is the \"ma'aser rishon\" and is performed afer the terumah, though this practice is general is known as \"ma'aser kesafm.\" In 1831,","a speech by Patrick Lalor started a war in Ireland named for this religious practice; as in England,","the Irish church agreed to a \"Commutation Act\" modifying this practice and setting up a Commission for it.","Another historical example of this practice was named for Saladin in 1188 AD, and was designed to fund the Third Crusade.","For 10 points, name this religious practice in which one-tenth of one's income 1 is given to the church."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a1c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..781cc9fcef2d0612fa569196a04a8f6dd3f75e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.68],[7.8,16.6],[16.72,25.92],[26.04,33.76],[33.88,42.32],[42.44,49.0]],"texts":["In two dimensions, the components of the force generated by this process on a body are related to each other via a complex integral according to the Blasius theorem.","During this process, the lift per unit area is given by the density times the free-stream velocity times the circulation, according to the Kutta-Joukowski theorem.","If skin drag is not taken into account, it can be shown that when this condition holds, a moving body experiences no drag, a situation known as d'Alembert's paradox.","Under the conditions of inviscid, barotropic flow with conservative body forces, Kelvin's theorem guarantees that flow which starts out with this property will always preserve it.","In this type of flow, the velocity can be written as the gradient of a scalar function, and a form of Bernoulli's equation can be defined for a non-steady flow only if the flow has this property.","For 10 points, identify this type of fluid flow characterized by the vanishing curl of the velocity feld, the vorticity."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b1c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4af4d4cdcd9f6fe0135b3f627a5fef1123a35048
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,10.56],[10.68,18.16],[18.28,21.88],[22.0,29.56],[29.68,33.32],[33.44,38.72]],"texts":["After the disbanding of this group, one of its founders became an employee at the estate of the mystic Lady Eleanor Davies, who claimed to be the prophet Melchisedecke, the Queen of Peace.","This group issued the Wellingborough Declaration,","in which they claimed it is better to \"die by the Sword than by the Famine.\" A faction of this group was locked in a battle with John Platt after they settled at Cobham Heath,","while another faction settled at Saint George's Hill and renamed it George Hill.","Led early on by William Everard, the philosophy of this group was put forth in The New Law of Righteousness, the primary text by its major leader Gerrard Winstanley.","The True Levellers is often a moniker for this group of Protestant radicals.","For 10 points, name this English religious group that took their moniker from their penchant for carrying shovels."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c1c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ab14613830389f999ac1b645b1f0385be89de588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.28],[7.4,11.12],[11.24,17.28],[17.4,22.72],[22.84,28.84],[28.96,33.96],[34.08,42.12],[42.24,49.84],[49.96,54.36]],"texts":["Antibodies to an enzyme in this family produce the P-ANCA staining pattern around the nucleus in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.","That enzyme in this family is responsible for the green color of green sputum.","One family of these enzymes is characterized by a catalytic triad of glutamine, tryptophan, and selenocysteine.","Along with lysozyme and lactoferrin, an enzyme in this family kills bacteria in saliva and milk.","One enzyme in this family is targeted by antibodies in Hashimoto's disease and \"organifies\" iodine in the thyroid.","One of these enzymes produces hypochlorous acid during the respiratory burst of neutrophils.","They're not phosphatases, but an enzyme in this class is a commonly-used reporter enzyme in ELISA and Western blots, and was isolated from the roots of horseradish.","These enzymes act on the same substrate as catalase, and catalyze the production of two alcohols by breaking an oxygen-oxygen single bond.","For 10 points, name these enzymes that facilitate the breakdown of H2O2."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d1c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb1db3c570f70256351b1b025c997b9ff4deb905
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.2],[9.32,17.48],[17.6,23.36],[23.48,32.76],[32.88,37.76],[37.88,45.16],[45.28,50.04]],"texts":["This author berated a \"vile crew\" for having left \"no altars, fanes undesecrate\" because \"no deed's too foul for you!\" in a poem inspired by a monument to one of his countrymen.","A character who is disappointed to learn that \"the life of the universe is a perpetual circle of production and destruction\", and thus nothing in the world can be free from suffering,","is eaten by lions at the end of this author's \"Dialogue Between Nature and an Icelander,\" one of his Small Moral Works.","The Jonathan Galassi translation of one of this man's poems begins by describing a \"lonely hill\" that \"was always dear to me\" and imagines a \"depthless calm\" in which the poet's mind sinks,","noting \"floundering is sweet in such a sea.\" He wrote \"When truth appeared, you fell,","poor one\" in a poem which asks the title woman \"do you recall those days of mortal life when beauty sparkled in your quick and gleaming eyes?\" For 10 points,","name this Italian Romantic poet of \"L'Infinito\", whose many Canti include \"To Silvia.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e1c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43cf899c9be6ed88446287298fd74a152ac2b1f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,11.12],[11.24,19.96],[20.08,26.08],[26.2,34.2],[34.32,38.12],[38.24,44.92],[45.04,52.04]],"texts":["At this location, religious services were held on Wednesdays and Sundays in which attendees were split into three orders -all children and newlyweds were in the lowest order,","and a 13-member Great Council governed affairs.","The last divine leader in charge of this place, the wife of George Landmann, ordered that its members not plant any non-fruit-bearing trees, which was supervised by the \"kitchen bosses\" here.","This entity purchased the town of Homestead, so that it would have access to a railway depot, as directed by that leader Barbara Heinemann.","In 1931, it underwent the so-called \"Great Change\" when its elders voted to allow secularization, after its wool and flour mills went up in flames.","It was founded by Christian Metz, a leader of the Community of True Inspiration,","when he left the Ebenezer Colonies in New York in 1854 to find a more pastoral location for his band of German pietists.","For 10 points, name this utopian community set up on the Iowa River valley, which later operated a business known for selling refrigerators."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f1c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f1c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0cf6028e8d46368ae5d380d3fd2afba6cdb992e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f1c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.12],[9.24,17.28],[17.4,21.92],[22.04,26.64],[26.76,30.36],[30.48,36.0]],"texts":["Twice, this character mysteriously alludes to having \"failed him, once at Constantinople.\" This character's sister Sylvia was killed, somewhat ironically, by a falling tree at their childhood home.","The Cymbeline line \"fear no more the heat o' the sun\" is repeatedly quoted by this character, who is distracted from her mending of a green dress by the appearance of an old boyfriend.","This character thinks that the most exquisite moment of her life was kissing Sally Seton at Bourton.","In her youth, this character rejects Peter Walsh to marry the wealthier politician Richard.","Before guests arrive at this woman's house, Septimus Smith kills himself.","For 10 points, name this character who throws a party in 1923 London in a novel by Virginia Woolf."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9631c.json b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9631c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5902907764ddfe9626b5c1091557dfe76c5d4b5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9631c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,10.48],[10.6,18.84],[18.96,24.32],[24.44,30.64]],"texts":["On one occasion, this character used psychological forcing to arrange for a meeting to be held on top of Taipei 101.","He also managed to outfox Sergei the Significant and steal the Fei Fei tiara.","This character developed an alternate personality called Orion, causing him to be diagnosed with the Atlantis complex and he climbed through a deactivated plasma cannon to defeat Opal Koboi.","One of this character's companions' first name is Domovoi; another is a Captain in the LEP and is an elf.","For 10 points, name this preternaturally intelligent youngster who works with Holly Short and Butler in a series of books by Eoin Colfer."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9631c.opus b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9631c.opus
new file mode 100644
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/1c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9631c.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/21/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f21.json b/tossups/21/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef57a5a433bd8b26038f84e34a156dd66aaf59ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,13.16],[13.28,20.4],[20.52,25.48],[25.6,33.76],[33.88,38.52]],"texts":["A procedure called iPOND is used to study this process's namesake stress response, which can be induced by the compound aphidicolin.","All eukaryotes carry out this process using a complex of the proteins GINS, MCM2, and Cdc45.","In E. coli, this process initiates at a locus called oriC or-ee-C, which is rich in A-T base pairs.","Kary Mullis pioneered a technique in which this process is performed with an enzyme from Thermus aquaticus.","In this process, which is always in the 5-prime to 3-prime direction, ligase carries out discontinuous assembly by joining Okazaki fragments.","For 10 points, name the process in which new strands are synthesized by DNA polymerase."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5821.json b/tossups/21/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5821.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..856be6827f077825e42d8b569d6b482358afcf55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5821.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,11.8],[11.92,15.32],[15.44,21.12],[21.24,28.8],[28.92,32.92]],"texts":["This was the home country of Blaise Diagne, one of the four French MPsthat this country's coastal towns had the right to elect.","After this country's founding father died, the Communists, Socialists, and Liberals were the only permitted political parties.","This country is home to the Maison des Esclaves on the island of Goree.","Its founder courted the grands marabouts to maintain legitimacy and was the first black man admitted to the Academie Francaise.","This country's African Renaissance Monument was criticized by some clerics for its immodest dress, and its more recent leaders include Macky Sall and Abdou Diouf.","For ten points, name this country whose first leader was Leopold Sedar Senghor."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae721.json b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae721.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c440e07a31609660994ae129804ab73c8516524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae721.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,23.16],[23.28,32.0],[32.12,41.12]],"texts":["A David Haig play about the relationship between this author and his son is titled after his poem \"My Boy Jack.\" This author addressed to the \"Lord of our far-flung battle line\" a poem that repeats the refrain \"Lest we forget.\" Another poem by this author advises not to \"make dreams your master\" before calling Triumph and Disaster \"two impostors.\" This poet of \"Recessional\" penned the line \"East is East and West is West,","and never the twain shall meet.\" A poem by this author ends by exclaiming \"You'll be a man, my son!\" and begins many of its lines with the title conjunction.","This author advocated for American occupation of the Philippines in \"The White Man's Burden.\" For 10 points, name this author of the poem \"If--\" who wrote about Mowgli in The Jungle Book."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae921.json b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae921.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ebc0e106e86ed980e9a1f2ecf4243efb8ccf42b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae921.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,13.72],[13.84,17.52],[17.64,25.16],[25.28,35.0],[35.12,38.32]],"texts":["From 1978 to 2011, an NPR show focusing on this instrument was hosted by Marian McPartland.","The 2016 album Everything is Beautiful, which remixes Miles Davis songs, was released by a player of this instrument named Robert Glasper.","The best-selling solo album ever for this instrument is The Koln Concert.","The band Return to Forever was founded by a player of this instrument whose album Light as a Feather contains the standard \"Spain.\" Keith Jarrett played this instrument,","which was also played by a musician who used turntables to open the song \"Rockit.\" An electric variety of this instrument was played by that man on the songs \"Headhunters\" and \"Chameleon.\" For 10 points,","name this instrument played by Chick Corea and Herbie Hancock."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec21.json b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0af00a83f17ac1ba9a75f816b6e82791e765d00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,12.08],[12.2,19.76],[19.88,26.6],[26.72,33.0],[33.12,38.28]],"texts":["In one story by this author, a woman angrily tells her lover \"You're not a corpse!\" after she reveals a family secret.","In another story by this author, Sally realizes she hates the North upon imagining seeing the Southern belle Margery Lee.","In a novel by this author, a man gives a woman a puppy during a party with the McKees, but then breaks her nose because she would not stop chanting his wife's name.","In another story by this author, the Washington family lies to their slaves so people do not find the secret under their massive Montana mansion.","This author's stories \"The Ice Palace\" and \"Bernice Bobs Her Hair\" are in his collection Flappers and Philosophers.","For 10 points, what Jazz Age author wrote \"The Diamond as Big as the Ritz\" and The Great Gatsby?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee21.json b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54f0fe6347ffda478443a3dd859e63d4445a0550
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aee21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,12.8],[12.92,18.92],[19.04,24.76],[24.88,29.44],[29.56,33.56],[33.68,36.88]],"texts":["During conservation of an artwork from this civilization, an animal in a waterfowl hunting scene was discovered to have a gilded eye.","Artists from this civilization used red pigment dust to create grids to plan proportions of figures, which they then painted over.","A stucco-coated sculpture from this civilization is believed to be a model for official portraits due to its missing quartz left eye.","A \"shen ring\" is a circular motif from this civilization, which elongates to become a cartouche that encircles names.","Hierarchical proportions and figures in profile are typical of this ancient civilization.","The sculptor Thutmose was active during this civilization's Amarna period.","For 10 points, what civilization made the bust of Nefertiti?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b21.json b/tossups/21/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bb934abd910ac936900ec13e33ed5f0519872e68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,7.8],[7.92,19.08],[19.2,25.04],[25.16,31.52],[31.64,38.64],[38.76,47.48]],"texts":["Critics like Meredith Neuman and Harry Stout have analyzed these works based on handwritten notes written in response to them.","In a fictional example of these works,","a man is compared to the description on a handbill promising \"five hundred gold coins for the apprehension of a parricide.\" Jonathan Mayhew drew on John Locke to write one of these works often called the \"morning gun\" of the American Revolution.","Many of these works were either \"execution\" or \"election\" ones, such as \"Errand Into the Wilderness\" by Samuel Danforth.","One of these texts, which offers a \"two-stranded lesson\" regarding a man seeking a ship to Tarshish, appears in Moby-Dick,","while another of them begins by discussing the quote \"their foot shall slide in due time\" and compares people to a spider being held over a fire.","For 10 points, name these works that were popular among the Puritans, which included \"A Model of Christian Charity\" and Jonathan Edwards' \"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f21.json b/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ae1783ef684fb18a9054158fb66d573917a610f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.2],[8.32,12.72],[12.84,18.76],[18.88,22.52],[22.64,30.8],[30.92,37.8],[37.92,43.16]],"texts":["Recently it has been proposed that they may be the source of high-energy cosmic ray positrons observed by the Pamela, ATIC, and Fermi-LAT experiments,","which would require nearby ones like B0656+14 or Geminga.","The first extrasolar planets to be discovered, in 1992, were found orbiting one in the Virgo constellation.","They typically have magnetic fields of order a trillion gauss.","A very young one, produced during the SN 1054 supernova, had an initial rotational energy of around 10 to the 50 ergs and lies at the center of the Crab Nebula.","The first observation of one was made at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory in 1967, by Jocelyn Bell and Antony Hewish.","For 10 points, what are these rapidly rotating neutron stars that emit regular bursts of radiation?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0408021.json b/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0408021.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfc813a4c00c7804af1fa0704fd6ef13627574ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0408021.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,10.4],[10.52,17.36],[17.48,21.2],[21.32,26.88],[27.0,33.24],[33.36,39.36]],"texts":["In 2005 Alu and Engheta proposed using gold loops to construct a sort of invisibility cloak based on these.","The polariton type of these are attractive candidate carriers for proposed photonic circuits.","The typical energy scale for these is tens of electronvolts as can be found by measuring the energy lost by electrons fired through thin films.","Their characteristic frequencies define the transmission bandwidth of metals.","A variety of these localized to surfaces was predicted in 1957 by Rufus Ritchie;","the sensitivity of that type to variations in the dielectric constant is the basis of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.","For 10 points, name these quasiparticles, quanta of collective vibrations of the electron gas in metals."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0408121.json b/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0408121.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44081cb6bd29dc59d8c85cfbeefc36b7358feb99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df3ddba2602b93e0408121.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.4],[4.52,10.36],[10.48,19.92],[20.04,27.96],[28.08,33.28],[33.4,38.2]],"texts":["Thomas Jefferson had a bust of this figure in Monticello on the first floor in the Entrance Hall.","A notable sculpture of him was inspired by a Roman statue entitled Old Fisherman depicting a dying Seneca.","That statue shows him with emaciated flesh and engorged veins and prompted an offer from King Gustavus III of Sweden to pay for clothes as a result of the scandal over this figure being sculpted nude.","In response, another sculpture of this man was done clothing him in fine drapery and based on several posing sessions he did upon his return to Paris in 1778.","That sculpture of him \"seated\" initially proved more popular than the nude done by Jean Pigalle.","For 10 points, name this writer sculpted several times by Jean-Antoine Houdon."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/21/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a21.json b/tossups/21/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6950fd8164e18cc64489873107d11ea05d37b960
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,13.76],[13.88,18.64],[18.76,25.44],[25.56,33.92]],"texts":["This island's Muslim minority recently founded an Islamic Center in Kelly Village, due east of its Caroni Swamp National Park, where a habitat for the scarlet ibis is protected.","This island's southwest includes a large natural deposit of liquid asphalt called Pitch Lake.","In the nineteenth century, volcanic activity began at its Devil's Woodyard, near Princes Town.","The large and growing populace of Chaguanas on this island, located along the Gulf of Paria, includes many people of Indian descent.","For 10 points, name this island just north of Venezuela, where the government in Port-of-Spain also controls a smaller Caribbean island to its northeast called Tobago."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b21.json b/tossups/21/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36f1a2244b324b52f80313f859586e36061ae687
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,14.92],[15.04,19.76],[19.88,26.4],[26.52,36.68]],"texts":["This author's poetic images include a chariot drawn by sparrows or by doves, depending on the translation.","Longinus's On the Sublime makes an example of this poet's lines about a person who seems \"equal to the gods.\" Anne Carson's collection If Not, Winter adapts this poet,","who names a type of stanza in which a five-syllable ending caps off three hendecasyllable lines.","This user of the Aeolic dialect allegedly left a group of followers called a thiasos leaderless upon jumping off a cliff for Phaon.","Among many fragments, this author leaves only one complete poem, a 28-line \"Hymn to Aphrodite.\" For 10 points, name this ancient Greek lyric poet, a woman from Lesbos."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d021.json b/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d021.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..836d6b91d51a6aeb8283f65757c949176c1318de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d021.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.96],[5.08,13.16],[13.28,17.24],[17.36,25.72],[25.84,32.8],[32.92,39.0]],"texts":["Before this view was officially adopted, it was supported by the Spanish monk Guido Terrena.","Proponents of this religious doctrine point to John 11:49, where God grants the power of prophecy to Caiaphus, the judge who condemns Jesus,","as proof that God can grant power even to people with moral shortcomings.","Opponents of this doctrine point to the apparent endorsement of Monothelitism by Honorius I. This dogma applies only to statements made ex cathedra about theology.","It was first invoked in 1950 about the Assumption of Mary, but was first articulated in 1870 at the First Vatican Council.","For 10 points, name this dogma of the Catholic Church, which says that in some circumstances its leader can never be wrong."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d321.json b/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d321.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f717012d39bdaf4bb4b95e22c6fd2dbf596cf357
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d321.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,11.24],[11.36,17.88],[18.0,26.12],[26.24,29.32]],"texts":["The kenning for Baldr's funerary boat contains the name of this figure, whose descendent Grani is a companion of the hero Sigurd.","In the Prose Edda, Gangleri is told how Thor bet Hrungnir that this figure was superior to Gullfaxi.","He is born after the gods wager the sun, the moon, and Freyja against a builder's ability to build Valhalla without another man's help.","The builder makes incredible progress with his animal helper Svadilfari, so Loki seduces Svadilfari while disguised as a mare, later giving birth to this figure.","For 10 points, name this eight-legged horse of Odin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d321.opus b/tossups/21/62df8012e66cc66ca571d321.opus
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/21/62df83920c3a38102cd75821.json b/tossups/21/62df83920c3a38102cd75821.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b6cf36d6e250a8e47b67779ded89290190ba1cb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df83920c3a38102cd75821.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,12.72],[12.84,22.6],[22.72,32.48],[32.6,39.16]],"texts":["This author compared life to a porcelain cup locked away by a Sexton in a love poem which begins \"I cannot live with You It would be Life.\" Other poems by this author call publication the \"Auction Of the Mind of Man\" and describe a phenomenon that \"oppresses,","like the Heft Of Cathedral Tunes.\" This author of \"There's a certain Slant of light\" compared the treading of Mourners to the breaking through of sense in a poem whose speaker asserts \"I felt a Funeral,","in my Brain.\" This poet called herself \"inebriate of air\" and \"Debauchee of Dew\" after drinking \"From Tankards scooped in Pearl\" in her poem \"I taste a liquor never brewed.\" For 10 points,","name this poet known as the \"Belle of Amherst,\" who used a plethora of dashes in poems such as \"I heard a fly buzz when I died.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df83920c3a38102cd75921.json b/tossups/21/62df83920c3a38102cd75921.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b45f5f5739d04c509de41610aa1ace12d028b47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df83920c3a38102cd75921.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.72],[7.84,13.92],[14.04,22.64],[22.76,28.52],[28.64,33.2],[33.32,37.0]],"texts":["During the pathogenesis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia, one of these events results in the PML gene being under the control of the retinoic acid receptor.","One of these puts the c-myc gene under the control of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer in Burkitt's lymphoma.","This is the mechanism for the formation of a structure which encodes the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase named for Philadelphia, which causes chronic myelogenous leukemia.","The loss of two p arms occurs in the Robertsonian type of this, which is responsible for a small percentage of Down syndrome.","They can be balanced or unbalanced depending on whether genetic material is lost in the process.","For 10 points, name this moving of parts of one chromosome to another."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37921.json b/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37921.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..414bebdab18b90271f194226a47c8aa383b99c8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37921.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,11.72],[11.84,17.48],[17.6,23.88],[24.0,27.48]],"texts":["One section of this work discusses a fictional speech by Epicurus and asks whether we can infer that an unfinished building will be finished.","Another section states that ideas are created through compounding, augmenting, diminishing, or transposing.","Another section discusses the reliability of testimony, and argues that events that contradict the law of nature should be discounted.","Besides that section, \"Of Miracles\", its section \"Of the origin of ideas\" discusses the missing shade of blue.","For 10 points, name this work about epistemology by David Hume."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37921.opus b/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37921.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a21.json b/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f359db71ab54917f9a886a526abdcb1d9b2ccece
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.2],[5.32,13.0],[13.12,18.56],[18.68,24.16],[24.28,32.32],[32.44,36.24]],"texts":["In one section of this work, a lord receives a cloak illustrated with wasps that then come to life and sting the wearer.","Early in this work, some gods rub their hands over seeds of coral and kernels of corn and are disappointed when the result is a race of automatons made of wood.","Two characters in this work smoke cigars in the House of Gloom, which joins the Houses of Cold, Fire, Knives,","and Jaguars in a series of trials culminating in them escaping head-snatching bats commanded by Camazotz.","Father Francisco Ximenez saved the manuscript of this work, whose second half focuses on Hunahpu and Xbalanque, who defeat the lords of Xibalba in a ball-game.","For 10 points, the Hero Twins appear in what collection of Mayan myths?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33e21.json b/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33e21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af21625fa5b7bcc06187e3c4a4976db0049c9d3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33e21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.1],[5.22,8.98],[9.1,13.86],[13.98,17.1],[17.22,26.58],[26.7,32.82]],"texts":["Karl Jansky's discovery of a radio source in this galaxy led to the foundation of radio astronomy.","This galaxy obscures the area known as the Zone of Avoidance.","The local shear and vorticity of rotation of this galaxy are constants characterized by Oort.","The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds orbit this galaxy.","In 2010, the Fermi Telescope discovered two gamma-ray-emitting bubbles that extend out-of-plane from this galaxy's center, which is an intense radio source called Sagittarius A* (A-star).","For 10 points, identify this barred spiral galaxy, found in the Local Group, that is home to the Solar System."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33e21.opus b/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33e21.opus
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33f21.json b/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33f21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c85cd7c6cf77946f41f7ad6451499bccb66bbdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62df8ab610329be735a33f21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,16.36],[16.48,24.24],[24.36,33.24],[33.36,36.4]],"texts":["A sculpture depicting a black man as an angel was installed in one church in this city, whose firm of Eames and Young built the Lincoln Trust Building.","Another structure in this city was attacked by Gilmore D. Clarke as a \"fascist symbol\" and had its construction delayed by civil rights protester Percy Green, who climbed it and refused to come down.","The largest courthouse in the U.S. is in this city, home to a Dankmar Adler co-designed 10-story red brick office building named for a local brewer.","This home of Louis Sullivan's Wainwright Building features the tallest man-made monument in the U.S., a structure designed by Eero Saarinen located at the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial.","For 10 points, name this city, the site of the Gateway Arch."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95621.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95621.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5a1129708bed0591a25c761eaaf1f9b60ffc20d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95621.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,14.52],[14.64,19.4],[19.52,30.0],[30.12,33.16],[33.28,38.04],[38.16,46.2]],"texts":["Martin Kemp argues the lower third of this painting's canvas was cut of, severing the main fgure's arms, by citing the warped appearance of Bernardo Bembo's coat-of-arms on its back.","The artist notably pressed his fngers into the wet pig-ment while painting to smooth out harsh, linear transitions in the main fgure,","which was modeled on Verrocchio's bust Lady Holding Flowers and may have been based on the same sitter.","The Latin motto \"Virtutem forma decorat,\" or \"Beauty adorns virtue,\" appears on the back of this painting in a heraldic motif depicting a wreath of laurel and palm wrapped around a ju-niper sprig,","which ofers a joking reference to the sitter's name.","This portrait was purchased from the Prince of Liechtenstein by the National Gallery in Washington DC.","Ofen compared with the artist's later female portrait Lady with an Ermine, for 10 points, name this portrait of a Florentine noblewoman, the only Leonardo painting in the United States."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95721.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95721.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5fc044b115acd2e9a689a78f4fb8c4874aa1ac8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95721.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.28],[8.4,14.88],[15.0,20.56],[20.68,29.6],[29.72,31.0],[31.12,36.44],[36.56,44.24],[44.36,48.44]],"texts":["The protagonist of this novel looks so similar to the Christ fgure in the painting Jesus Walking on the Waters by Karl Macrowitch that his friends make him stand side-by-side with it.","The protagonist is annoyed to attend a viewing party for that painting at the newly-purchased mansion of the Prince de Carlsbourg hosted by his old boss,","who made ffy million in six weeks while he only made $500, 000 from the Moroccan debt insider trading.","The main character of this novel sleeps with the prostitute Rachel afer resigning his job at the Northern Railway, and spies on his wife cheating with the Minister of Foreign Afairs, Laroche-Mathieu,","and then marries Suzanne.","The title character of this novel receives his nickname from Laurine, his lover Madame de Marelle's daughter,","and he gets a job as a journalist at La Vie Franc¸aise with the help of his friend Charles Forestier afer having dinner with the newspaper's owner Monsieur Walter.","For 10 points, name this novel about the woman-izer Georges Duroy by Guy de Maupassant."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95821.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95821.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..40dbc190c611e2dc3a98361ffa949a949e6f4596
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95821.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.28],[6.4,13.08],[13.2,18.36],[18.48,25.48],[25.6,33.6],[33.72,39.4],[39.52,44.2],[44.32,48.6]],"texts":["The combination of Monte Carlo algorithms with this formalism for use on lattice problems is known as the \"worldline\" method.","The Duistermaat-Heckman theorem gives the conditions under which the calculations central to this formalism can be localized and performed exactly.","Stephen Hawking used this formalism to compute the partition function of a black hole, and in general,","the use of a Wick rotation transforms the expressions central to this formalism into the partition function of statistical mechanics.","This formalism is based on extending the Weiner process to apply to the Schrodinger equation via a formula developed by this formalism's originator and Mark Kac.","This formalism expresses the transition amplitude between two states, or equivalently, the propagator,","by considering the sum of all possible trajectories weighted by a phase factor given by the action.","For 10 points, identify this quantum mechanical formalism invented by Richard Feynman."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95921.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95921.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..76374b5b4857b9c2dc850a398be81e848375dd31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95921.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.2],[7.32,12.68],[12.8,14.48],[14.6,27.36],[27.48,37.76],[37.88,42.12]],"texts":["In 1989, Mark Morris choreographed a version of this opera in which he danced the opposing roles of its two lead female characters.","The frst act of this opera ends with a chaconne for guitars followed by a \"Triumphing Dance\" in a palace.","In the frst scene of its third act,","a Jack O'Lantern appears during a witches' dance afer a chorus of witches sing \"Destruction's Our 2 Delight.\" Its third act begins with the chorus \"Come Away Fellow Sailors,\" sung afer the sailors' commander is deceived by a spirit disguised as Mercury.","In this opera's fnal scene, its female lead sings the recitative \"thy hand Belinda\" before mourning \"Remember me, but ah! forget my fate\" in the lament \"When I Am Laid in Earth.\" For 10 points,","name this Henry Purcell opera about the love between a Roman hero and a queen of Carthage."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a21.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f6f34fe80c8c387aeaf21268bc9191703a269f72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.72],[2.84,10.04],[10.16,17.84],[17.96,26.44],[26.56,28.44],[28.56,35.92],[36.04,40.68],[40.8,49.6],[49.72,56.84],[56.96,59.32]],"texts":["In the opening section from Beyond Good and Evil,","\"On the Prejudices of Philosophers,\" Nietzsche argues that along with \"immediate certainty,\" and \"absolute knowledge.\" this concept represents a contradiction.","Otto Liebmann's seminal work on the originator of this concept argued that this concept must be abandoned in order to preserve the philosophical system developed by its originator.","In an appendix to his own David Hume on Faith, Friedrich Jacobi criticized this concept by claim-ing that without it, he was unable to understand its originator's system, but with it,","he could not remain within that system.","Book II, Chapter 18 of Schopenhauer's World as Will and Idea is titled afer the \"Possibility of Knowing,\" this concept,","which in much of Schopenhauer's work is typically identifed with the Will or an aspect of it.","The work in which this concept frst appears repeatedly claims that this concept is unknowable through \"mere relations\" or \"external sense,\" which only provides us with a representation.","For 10 points, identify this concept developed in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason which is sometimes identifed with the noumenon and is distinguished from the phenomenon,","or things as they appear to us."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b21.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4678fb8ada6410560ff78839cc255fe3d3cda634
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+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,11.8],[11.92,16.36],[16.48,25.16],[25.28,35.04],[35.16,43.08],[43.2,47.0],[47.12,51.96]],"texts":["A bloody civil war in this nation was incited when its president passed 15 constitutional amendments called the Social Guarantees, and the Alien Property Law,","which allowed its government to seize German and Italian property after a German submarine attack.","Earlier, this country was alternately ruled by men called Don Ricardo and Don Cleto.","The assassination of communist Mora Valverde, who led the People's Vanguard, and the overthrow of its president Teodoro Picado started its civil war in 1948.","Its first president Jose Madriz, the \"founder of the republic,\" moved its capital from a city where the Virgin of the Angels, a black Madonna known as La Negrita, is kept at its basilica.","That former capital is Cartago, while a cloud forest reserve is located at this nation's town of Monteverde, founded by American Quakers.","Once led by Laura Chinchilla it is just south of the Mosquito Coast.","For 10 points, name this country which has had a border dispute with its northern neighbor Nicaragua."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c21.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ad2eac94c74d3ad9dae32161253881d352df1f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,12.92],[13.04,18.8],[18.92,23.64],[23.76,27.72],[27.84,35.12],[35.24,40.8],[40.92,48.48]],"texts":["A black employee of this company named Roscoe Conkling Simmons advised Warren Harding on matters of race.","This company funded a 1929 trans-Arctic flight that ended in disaster when the plane was destroyed by ice and the crew was rescued by Canadians.","This newspaper illegally obtained a copy of the Treaty of Versailles and gave it to William Borah to read on the Senate floor,","and antagonized the government by announcing in 1942 that Japan's naval code had been broken.","This paper took an isolationist turn under its editor Robert R. McCormick,","who called it the \"American Paper for Americans.\" An incident in this newspaper's history was captured in a photograph taken at Saint Louis Union Station,","and depicts a jubilant incumbent telling the press \"That ain't the way I heard it\" and holding up a copy of this paper.","For 10 points, name this newspaper that reported on the results of the 1948 presidential election with the incorrect headline \"DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d21.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..07b05e7608e31723a3ecf80627849829a1d1c518
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,15.04],[15.16,21.24],[21.36,30.0],[30.12,38.96],[39.08,48.24]],"texts":["A piano concerto by this composer features a middle Larghetto movement in G major and does not employ any strings.","This composer's unusually scored works include a double concerto for piano and violin in G Major, as well as a mandolin concerto for Bartholomeo Bortolazzi.","His B minor piano concerto is the best known of his eight piano concerti, and heavily influenced the piano concerti of Chopin.","This composer re-arranged his own D minor piano septet for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass, a lineup that inspired the instrumentation of Franz Schubert's Trout Quintet.","A concerto by this composer is usually played today in the key of E flat instead of its original E, and, like Joseph Haydn's work of the same type, was composed for Anton Weidinger.","For 10 points, name this Austrian pupil of Mozart who composed a still-performed trumpet concerto and wrote a \"Complete Theoretical and Practical\" manual for playing the piano."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e21.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e21.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..25ae124f91519efd67844ebfecd7a7e5b547e77f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e21.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,15.76],[15.88,18.84],[18.96,23.04],[23.16,29.56],[29.68,37.76],[37.88,42.52],[42.64,50.48]],"texts":["According to one account, a losing commander at this battle turned to his inexperienced subordinate, the Duke of Glouces-ter,","and asked \"have you ever seen a battle won?\" - upon hearing a negative reply, he snapped \"then in half an hour, you will see one lost!\" Although Roger Fenwick was slain at this battle,","his pikemen continued their charge under Major John Hinton.","The primary losing commander was replaced the next year by the Marquis of Caracena.","After leading a victorious force of six thousand infantrymen, William Lockhart was installed as governor in the area that hosted this battle.","This clash, which followed the Battle of Valenciennes, saw the future king James II personally command a losing wing of the army under Juan Jose of Austria.","In its aftermath, Philip IV of Spain was forced to agree to the Peace of the Pyrenees.","For 10 points, name this victory for the Vicomte de Turenne over the Spanish in 1658, which was fought near Dunkirk and named for its hills of sand."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96321.json b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96321.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e047508126d564e59efe329034772c5586deb604
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+++ b/tossups/21/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96321.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,9.92],[10.04,17.12],[17.24,21.2],[21.32,25.2]],"texts":["A painting by this man that shares its name with a novel by Goethe depicts a very large egg in a birdcage.","Another painting by him depicts a neatly set table with a plate of ham with a large eye at its centre.","In addition to Elective Affinities and The Portrait this artist showed a man looking in a mirror that does not properly reflect his face,","but rather still shows the back of the mans head in Not to be Reproduced.","For 10 points, name this surrealist painter of The Son of Man."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d2c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d2c.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.96],[4.08,12.08],[12.2,19.84],[19.96,25.4],[25.52,33.56],[33.68,37.64]],"texts":["In Greek mythology, the lover of Smilax was turned into one of these things.","In Japanese mythology, the reason that humans have short lifespans is because Ninigi married the princess of these things, rather than the princess of rocks.","In Aztec mythology, a goddess associated with these things was followed by a retinue of birds and butterflies, and was once kidnapped by Tezcatlipoca.","Kama's arrows were tipped with these things, and the Aztec gods Xochipilli and Xochiquetzal were associated with them.","After being gored to death, Adonis' blood fell to the ground and created one of these things, as did a boy loved by Apollo and Zephyrus who was struck by a discus.","For 10 points, name this type of plant associated with Hyacinthus."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e2c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f74422f21da9da86aff2c2f71e74e83e87014f9f
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.6],[9.72,14.76],[14.88,18.4],[18.52,22.36],[22.48,30.44],[30.56,36.2]],"texts":["This house held the lands north of a country where it funded military communities during the so-called \"Little War.\" This house was able to expand its holdings thanks to the death of a neighboring ruler at the Battle of Ksar el-Kebir.","The supremacy of a military formation pioneered by rulers of this house was crushed at the Battle of Rocroi.","This house's rule over one territory was opposed by the Sea Beggars.","Its failure to pay tercio units led to the 1576 Sack of Antwerp.","The Revolt of the Comuneros took place under the rule of a member of this house, which produced a ruler who launched a disastrous naval invasion of England in 1588.","For 10 points, name this royal house that ruled Spain in the 16th and 17th centuries under kings like Philip II."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f2c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f2c.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.76],[7.88,15.64],[15.76,26.24],[26.36,30.64],[30.76,35.56],[35.68,40.68]],"texts":["Efforts to help people after one of these events were thwarted by the Gang of Four, whose members said that denouncing Deng Xiaoping affected 800 million lives,","which was more important than \"a few hundred thousand deaths.\" Many yaodongs were wiped out in the \"Jiajing\" one of these events that took place in 1556.","One of these events in 1137 was conflated with an 1139 one in Ganjak by later writers such as al-Taghribi, who wrote that 230,000 people died in northern Mesopotamia and Aleppo from that one.","The deadliest one of these in history struck Shaanxi province during the Ming dynasty.","Events of this type destroyed the Colossus of Rhodes and caused a nuclear accident at Fukushima Daiichi.","For 10 points, name these natural disasters, one of which flattened Lisbon in 1755."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a582c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a582c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4c5a204d65458eae700104039eeb7fc23b4da6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a582c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.0],[4.12,9.32],[9.44,14.32],[14.44,19.64],[19.76,27.24],[27.36,31.08],[31.2,37.2]],"texts":["During this era, one noble cut off his own feet for disagreeing with his liege.","One polity formed during this era was alleged to make music by beating clay jars with bones and shouting \"woo\",","and this period began when the Marquess of Shen sacked Haojing in alliance with the Quanrong Barbarians.","The period after this one was marked by the formation of \"vertical\" and \"horizontal\" alliances.","This period is usually divided into \"hegemonies\" such as those of Jin, Qi, and Chu, all nominally vassals of the Zhou Dynasty.","The Chu Hegemony during this period was enabled by the advice of the Sun Tzu.","For ten points, name this period preceding the Warring States Period, named for the seasons during which annals would be kept."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a872c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a872c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e88454ab21b33cb93618941e2bb6f86fed358c72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a872c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.68],[1.8,18.72],[18.84,24.48],[24.6,31.32],[31.44,37.36],[37.48,41.08]],"texts":["Though actually a Wednesday,","a 1916 event that was the greatest natural disaster of World War I was called \"this color Friday.\" A published book known as the \"this color Book\" made the case for Germany's lack of fault in starting World War I. This was the only color of the German Empire's flag that changed when it transitioned to the Weimar Republic.","Erich von Falkenhayn's purported objective for the Battle of Verdun was to \"bleed France\" this color.","In a movement named after an object of this color, British men in civilian garb were accused of cowardice by women presenting them with a feather of this color.","A faction named for this color was supported by a \"Polar Bear Expedition\" that landed at Arkhangelsk in 1918.","For 10 points, what color names the Russian faction that opposed the Bolsheviks?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae52c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae52c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a6f3d44a10d37411cd32353ad9128b5531e87df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae52c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,14.84],[14.96,21.52],[21.64,27.64],[27.76,35.36],[35.48,43.12]],"texts":["An ethnically Norwegian mayor of this US city said \"I am tired out and am going fishing\" when he resigned after being targeted by the IWW with a booby-trapped bomb.","That mayor, Ole Hanson, intervened against this city's Bolshevik-inspired 1919 general strike for wages.","It's not Oakland, but in preparation for another event in this city, the Ruckus Society hosted a training camp led by John Sellers,","who described events here as \"teamsters and turtles dancing in the streets.\" During that event, sometimes called N-30,","this city's mayor Paul Schell imposed a 50-block \"no-protest zone\" after \"black bloc\" anarchists smashed windows during talks for the Millennium Round.","For 10 points, what city saw a so-called \"battle\" during a 1999 WTO meeting and the 2020 Capital Hill Autonomous Zone protest?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae62c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae62c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b23ccb14ec1a8283c22ad5f84ed6e60a44154fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae62c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,15.92],[16.04,27.6],[27.72,34.0],[34.12,39.92],[40.04,43.48]],"texts":["STRAD-alpha and the Tribbles family are examples of the catalytically inactive \"pseudo\" form of these enzymes, which comprise about 10% of these enzymes in the human genome.","Some inhibitors of these enzymes may gain access to a hydrophobic binding pocket by interacting with a so-called \"gatekeeper residue\".","One of these enzymes activates the ULK1 and VPS34 complexes to initiate autophagy; that enzyme, called mammalian target-of-rapamycin, also activates insulin receptors.","Many signal transduction pathways, such as one triggered by MAP, use a cascade of these enzymes to alter internal cellular activity.","The classification of these enzymes depends on whether they act on tyrosine, or on serine and threonine.","For 10 points, what enzymes add phosphate groups to their substrates?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae72c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae72c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9bd857161161c2c2caa7fd6c188cd79b7320400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae72c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.68],[3.8,11.04],[11.16,18.16],[18.28,26.32],[26.44,31.04],[31.16,34.08]],"texts":["The Herem de-Rabbenu Gershom forbids a coerced form of this practice.","Failure to undergo this practice can result in certain people becoming \"agunah.\" In Judaism, this practice is accomplished with the receipt of a get.","This practice is analogous to a result of the Pauline Privilege, which is performed if the participants were unbaptized at the time of a previous ceremony.","Khul is a form of this practice where the authority is given to women, while in Sunni Islam, this practice may occur when a man says \"talaq\" three times.","The Catholic Church generally forbids this practice, instead allowing for annulments to take place.","For 10 points, name this practice of ending a marriage."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae82c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae82c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e8e1eb67e30ce1528b012eeb70060becc0a75184
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae82c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.12],[9.24,16.68],[16.8,22.0],[22.12,26.32],[26.44,30.76],[30.88,35.84]],"texts":["Locations created during this conflict were excoriated by Henry Campbell-Bannerman in the question \"when is a war not a war?\" following a scorched earth campaign against homesteads.","During this conflict, Sarah Wilson became one of the first female war correspondents when reporting on a siege involving fake landmines and fake barbed wire.","Floris Visser was killed during this conflict by a man who became an Australian national hero, Breaker Morant.","Emily Hobhouse reported on the conditions of concentration camps created during this war.","Robert Baden-Powell gained fame for his victory at the Siege of Mafeking during this conflict.","For 10 points, name this conflict, which saw the complete defeat of Dutch forces in South Africa."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae92c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae92c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08140f63334c02b7ae8a3656e2bb86cd748015a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae92c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,12.88],[13.0,16.76],[16.88,21.2],[21.32,25.28],[25.4,29.92],[30.04,33.92],[34.04,39.6]],"texts":["Thousands of protesters in this country gathered at its Goethe Institute for a massive 10-day poetry festival.","An article about this country's \"Red and Black Colonization\" sparked protests against this country's government, which operated Evin Prison.","Over 40 people died watching The Deer in the Cinema Rex Fire in this country.","Tony Mendez created a fake film in this country in a plot called the Canadian Caper.","Cyrus Vance resigned after an operation in this country termed \"Eagle Claw\".","This country's SAVAK secret police enforced secularization during the White Revolution.","The Pahlavi dynasty ended in this country after the rise of Ruhollah Khomeini.","For 10 points, name this country where a 444-day hostage crisis when Ronald Reagan became president."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed2c.json b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..44fcf26cd11abf21b2cf88c26193e37d048e7be3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,14.64],[14.76,24.76],[24.88,30.76],[30.88,35.28],[35.4,40.2],[40.32,45.2]],"texts":["O'Driscoll et al. first described a syndrome caused by a mutation in one of these proteins, which is similar to NBS but with normal checkpoints in culture.","One isoform of this enzyme complexes with XLF, XRCC4, and DNA-PK during VDJ recombination.","In one application, this enzyme is incubated with a sample overnight at 16 degrees Celsius for 2 hours at room temperature, then inactivated for 10 minutes at 65 degrees Celsius.","The E. coli version of it uses an NAD cofactor, while the T4 phage version uses ATP.","This enzyme operates on blunt or sticky ends created by restriction enzymes.","During replication on the lagging strand, this enzyme joins Okazaki fragments together.","For 10 points, name this enzyme that forms phosphodiester bonds between pieces of DNA."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73892c.json b/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73892c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..075373673a50ed3354c30821cc6597e5c38a772a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73892c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.68],[8.8,12.76],[12.88,19.0],[19.12,28.52],[28.64,37.4],[37.52,45.24],[45.36,49.04]],"texts":["In an opera from this century, a Snake Priestess played by a countertenor is consulted by Ariadne, who tricks Theseus into choosing the hand in which she is not holding a stone.","An opera from this century ends with the passacaglia quintet \"How good they are\".","A pasticcio from this century features mermaids swimming as Neptune sings a reworking of \"Qu'a server mon corroux\".","Descending woodwind glissandos playing over percussion depict a \"Brief Fireworks Display\" in an opera from this century in which the singer Regine loses her voice after witnessing her lover be unfaithful to her.","In this century, Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream and The Tempest were fused in a work that adapted pre-existing music by Handel and Vivaldi, called The Enchanted Isle.","Thomas Ades' The Tempest and Rufus Wainwright's Prima Donna were written in this century, in which Karlheinz Stockhausen wrote his final opera.","For 10 points, name this century in which Luciano Pavarotti died."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a2c.json b/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..04cb6012ab1a6a9d1a82067093f3714b37debb28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.72],[4.84,16.72],[16.84,22.48],[22.6,27.76],[27.88,34.12],[34.24,39.24]],"texts":["Many references to this character were changed after his creator sold his house to James and Eliza Davis.","This character claims that the worst thing about women is that \"a very little thing serves to call up some long-forgotten feeling,\" but that the best thing \"is that it never lasts!\" He reveals that some papers are hidden in a chimney in the penultimate chapter of the novel,","which is titled for his \"last night alive.\" This character sends Noah Claypole to spy on a woman who meets with Rose Maylie.","He often admonishes others to not \"peach\" on him, and was likely inspired by the real-life Ikey Solomon.","This character works with Monks to bring about Nancy's death, and he beats the Artful Dodger when he fails to bring another character back from a robbery.","For 10 points, name this Jewish leader of a gang of street urchins who attempts to corrupt Oliver Twist."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b2c.json b/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c3c4768e4484e6543163cb5e13e0004a485ea4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,14.92],[15.04,24.68],[24.8,28.0],[28.12,33.56],[33.68,39.76],[39.88,46.32]],"texts":["In the prefatory chapter of this work, its author states he hopes to build a \"dream-palace\" for the national thoughts of 20 million people since \"All men dream:","but not equally.\" After its author lost the original manuscript of this book while changing trains at Reading Station, he rewrote it mostly from memory.","This text's introductory poem, which was edited by Robert Graves, is dedicated to an unknown person whose initials are \"S. A.\" This book was written by an author whose only other work, The Mint,","describes the Royal Airforce as a coin factory.","Its sixth book, \"The Raid Upon the Bridges,\" describes a failed attempt at cutting the Yarmuk Valley Railway.","This book's author describes serving under General Allenby, and coordinating the irregular armies of Emir Feisal and Abdullah.","The capture of Damascus during the Arab Revolt is depicted in, for 10 points, what autobiographical book by T. E. Lawrence?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df3ddba2602b93e040812c.json b/tossups/2c/62df3ddba2602b93e040812c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ed23af15f7a991c6bd8e46262e88f26bd75daee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df3ddba2602b93e040812c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,15.76],[15.88,25.2],[25.32,31.4],[31.52,41.0]],"texts":["They are employed in vector coupling for the three dimensional rotation group SO(3) where they have a high degree of symmetry since SO(3) is a simply reducible group.","In representation theory, they can be defined as the elements of the matrix reducing the direct product of two irreducible representations of compact Lie groups.","Generalizations include Racah coefficients or Wigner 6j and 9j symbols, for cases in which the integral product of greater than three spherical harmonics are desired.","They can be computed by expressing a product of two spherical harmonics as a sum of individual spherical harmonics.","For 10 points, name these numbers that are commonly employed to obtain the coupling amplitude between uncoupled and coupled representations of angular momenta in quantum mechanics."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df3ddba2602b93e040822c.json b/tossups/2c/62df3ddba2602b93e040822c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..359fc3a08af0cd5ea4e1e39f167e873618e619b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df3ddba2602b93e040822c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.72],[6.84,15.52],[15.64,21.2],[21.32,22.0],[22.12,32.16],[32.28,34.08],[34.2,43.44]],"texts":["At one point, the narrator describes the \"supernumeraries,\" a body created to allow people to purchase a chance to serve with the venerated scholae.","In addition to detailing instances of abuse toward astrologers and the reformation of adultery laws, this work relates the success of a plot to strangle Princess Amalasuntha in her bath.","It also recounts the deeds perpetrated by the forger Priscus who enlists the Church of Emesa to extort its supporters.","This work,","which inspired a drama by John Masefield and a novel about a \"Count\" by Robert Graves and included such chapters as \"Justice for Sale\" and \"How landowners were ruined,\" marked a departure from its author's previous works:","On the Wars and On the Buildings.","Beginning with a chapter on Antonina's manipulation of Belisarius, for 10 points, identify this chronicle of misrule in Byzantium under Theodora and Justinian, a work by Procopius."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b2c.json b/tossups/2c/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4628b7294b1e64016c5d03e711da57720731e541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,13.96],[14.08,17.72],[17.84,20.84],[20.96,26.44],[26.56,30.92],[31.04,36.12]],"texts":["A film character who fought in this war tells a story about lacking \"sufficient collateral\" to take a hill, which he uses to make a point about banking.","Another veteran of this war asks children \"Do you want to see the freak?\" before smashing his hands, which are now hooks, through a window.","This war's aftermath is the subject of the film The Best Years of Our Lives.","The documentary film series Why We Fight was made during this war.","Another film about this war represented its victims with a little girl in a red coat walking through a black in a white scene.","That film ends with people placing stones on the title industrialist's grave in Jerusalem.","For 10 points, name this war, during which Steven Spielberg's film Schindler's List takes place."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d12c.json b/tossups/2c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d12c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec6e803d849b5841f46ad01ef0901975e053623e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d12c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,11.68],[11.8,15.96],[16.08,25.44],[25.56,32.72],[32.84,36.8]],"texts":["The Lares revolt was an uprising that occurred in this location in 1868.","The Jayuya Uprising resulted in the declaration of martial law here; the next day, two nationals of this territory tried to assassinate Harry S. Truman.","Operation Bootstrap attempted to industrialize this location after World War II.","This territory's first democratically elected leader was Luiz Munoz Marin, and its first native governor, Jesus Toribio Pinero, succeeded Rexford Tugwell in that role.","Under the Jones Act, all residents of this territory became citizens of its controlling nation, and it received a civilian government by the Foraker Act.","For 10 points, name this island commonwealth of the United States."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd7592c.json b/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd7592c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bccab459d27304d0dbe9dddffec73ce2dc1b86aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd7592c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,13.08],[13.2,18.36],[18.48,23.6],[23.72,30.04],[30.16,35.28]],"texts":["Upon hearing that a god does not know the word \"alas,\" this character exclaims \"Time in its aging course teaches all things.\" In a monologue,","this character describes how he was the first to yoke animals and his discovery bronze, iron, silver, and gold.","Oceanus counsels him to submit, although this character prophecies to Io that Zeus will be overthrown.","At the end of the play named for this character, a bolt of lightning causes him to sink into an abyss.","At the beginning of that play, this character is carried onstage by Kratos and Bia, and placed in chains by Haephestus.","For 10 points, name this Titan, the title character of an Aeschylus play in which he is bound."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2c.json b/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c4e6af42b726b6f424fe759bae1e106c8c13548d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,8.24],[8.36,12.96],[13.08,22.68],[22.8,27.88]],"texts":["One leader of this uprising was arrested after shooting William Horsfall in the groin.","Another leader was investigated by Oliver the Spy, who stopped its Pentrich Revolution.","Like the Swing Riots, this movement was inspired by a mythological king or general.","Centered on Nottingham, this movement that arose during the economic strain of the Napoleonic wars died after its leaders were deported to Australia or executed under the Frame Breaking Act.","For 10 points, name this movement of British textile workers who probably didn't hate all technology."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2c.opus b/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2c.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/2c/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2c.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a2c.json b/tossups/2c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03a9a00dec6898cedfb2456056841f4b77888104
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,13.12],[13.24,20.16],[20.28,29.28],[29.4,36.64],[36.76,39.48]],"texts":["This man ends his most famous work by stating that \"All things excellent are as difficult as they are rare.\" According to this man,","no two substances can be distinguished by their \"affections,\" and therefore no two substances can have the same attributes.","This man also stated that to be free means that something exists \"solely from the necessity of its own nature\" and that it acts on its own.","This man defined a substance as \"that which is in itself and is conceived through itself.\" He also claimed that \"God, or that is Nature,\" is the only substance in the universe.","One of this man's works, which contains the section \"Of Human Bondage,\" is divided up into definitions, axioms and propositions.","For 10 points, name this author of Ethics."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df8ab610329be735a33f2c.json b/tossups/2c/62df8ab610329be735a33f2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..055d32d6c7e4cdf3e412714cd451279296ce2d21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df8ab610329be735a33f2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,12.92],[13.04,18.12],[18.24,24.84],[24.96,31.48],[31.6,36.76]],"texts":["In a museum in this city, one can find a painting in which three miters, representing three refused bishoprics, lie at the feet of Saint Bernardino of Siena.","Christ wears a half-red, half-blue cloak in one painting of the Apostolate series housed in this city.","An allegory of a river flowing through this city is seen as a sculpture pouring water in another painting,","in which a map of this city is held up by the artist's son and the facade of the Hospital of Don Juan Tavera is presented realistically.","Another painting of it emphasizes dark green trees swaying in the wind and contrasts this city's hills with the distorted storm clouds above.","For 10 points, name this city, the subject of two views by resident artist El Greco."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62df8ab610329be735a3402c.json b/tossups/2c/62df8ab610329be735a3402c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de65c516476e7bfe0cd449a20323efe8428a2391
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62df8ab610329be735a3402c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,12.28],[12.4,17.68],[17.8,22.56],[22.68,28.28],[28.4,33.6]],"texts":["As a baby, this man was kidnapped by Telephus, who threatened to murder him if Achilles did not heal him.","The Oracle at Delphi told him to go to the Crimea, where he teamed up with his half-brother Chryses to defeat King Thoas and take a statue of Artemis.","This man kidnapped Menelaus' daughter Hermione along with his cousin and best of friends, Pylades.","This man's mother had a dream in which she suckled a viper at her breast who turned out to be him.","This man goes insane, but is acquitted of murder after Athena arranges the first murder trial on the Acropolis.","For 10 points, name this prince who killed Aegisthus and Clytemnestra to avenge his father Agamemnon."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9592c.json b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9592c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e2ed277013dbe9f6528568005054e99dafc9d0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9592c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.04],[9.16,17.56],[17.68,23.8],[23.92,32.24],[32.36,38.24],[38.36,44.24],[44.36,49.72],[49.84,55.68]],"texts":["A strain of Coccobacillus was completely inefective against one species of these animals, but killed every member of a dif-ferent one, during Felix d'Herelle's 1912 experiments in Argentina.","The sole member of the Martialinae subfamily of these animals, Martialis heureka, was so named because it looked weird enough to have come from Mars and because its discovery was sudden.","One species of these animals has the lowest number of diploid chromosomes of any organism ever, at 2n = 2.","A ton of attention has been showered on the gene gp-9, or general protein-9, which is present in polygyne but absent in monog-yne groups in one species of these animals.","A predator of one species of these animals performs \"bivouac checking\" in a notable example of kleptoparasitism.","E.O. Wilson, the world's leading authority on these animals, once quipped that \"Karl Marx was right, socialism works,","it is just that he had the wrong species.\" These animals have elbowed antennae and compound eyes.","For 10 points, name these \"superorganisms\" from order Hymenoptera, whose poison glands contain formic acid."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a2c.json b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d7bce61e230be4506c57e0253ca15a7127cd63d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,11.76],[11.88,20.0],[20.12,27.24],[27.36,35.64],[35.76,39.04],[39.16,48.2],[48.32,55.0],[55.12,62.0]],"texts":["This chemist used o-nitrocinnamic acid as the starting material for a process involving that molecule's dibromide as a deriva-tive,","in order to replace an unfeasible process that applied phosphorus pentachloride to the expensive isatin.","This chemist frst synthesized a compound by adding zinc chloride to precipitate a Friedel-Crafs reaction between resorcinol and phthalic anhy- 4 dride.","This chemist's reagent, an alkaline solution of potassium permanganate, is qualitatively used to test for the presence of unsaturation.","He accounted for the unusual reactivity of cyclopropane and cyclobutane ring-opening reactions, and explained the difculty of making rings with seven carbons or more,","by proposing the earliest instance of ring strain theory.","Because its discovery took place on the feast day of Saint Barbara, this synthesizer of fuorescein bestowed the name \"barbituric acid\" on the parent compound of barbiturates.","He is the frst namesake of a reaction in which disodium phosphate and mCPBA oxidize ketones to esters.","For 10 points, name this German organic chemist who synthesized indigo dye, and co-names an oxidation with Victor Villiger."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b2c.json b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b2c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b60d40716e1beb0029d6cd4abcfe564e0ed79058
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b2c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,12.08],[12.2,16.48],[16.6,25.84],[25.96,31.92],[32.04,40.36],[40.48,46.92]],"texts":["These objects are classified based on pressure and weathering into the 6-point S and W scales.","A current debate is whether the howardite-eucrite-diogenite, or HED, group of these objects can truly be tied to a single basaltic parent body.","Unique samples of these objects were thoughtfully frozen after being discovered at Tagish Lake.","A 1996 paper by Shu, Shang, and Lee proposed a theory of these objects which suggests that magneto-centrifugally driven winds made their calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions.","Etching with a weak acid exposes bands of kamacite and taenite called Widmanstatten patterns in these objects.","The iron-sulfur mineral troilite is characteristic of the \"iron\" type of these objects, whose \"stony\" type includes carbonaceous chondrites that may contain amino acids.","For 10 points, name these pieces of debris, found on Earth, that originate with objects of extraterrestrial origin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9622c.json b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9622c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..58d2d217efc66cfc68ab760dd75baf7aed27010a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9622c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.4],[6.52,11.6],[11.72,18.96],[19.08,25.4],[25.52,31.64],[31.76,35.52]],"texts":["One work in this art form depicts a baby in a red toga crouching in front of a giant baby's head and is called Echo of the Scream.","Another work in this form showed the birth of skeleton baby wearing a mortarboard in Gods of the Modern World.","As well as David Alfaro Siqueiros and Jose Clemente Orozco, another work in this medium depicts slaves carrying petate mats.","In another work, that artist depicts himself as a boy holding the hand of a Catrina alongside Hernan Cortes and Porfirio Diaz.","Those works, The Great City of Tenochtitlan and Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park, are by Diego Rivera.","For 10 points, name these artworks painted directly onto a wall."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9632c.json b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9632c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9b2317458d75bca7f3a8387a4d1a2d2574fc71a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9632c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,12.56],[12.68,18.08],[18.2,21.56],[21.68,26.32],[26.44,33.2]],"texts":["These devices are the most common method of initiating the ICF mechanism, which is one potential route to useful fusion reactors.","They exert piconewton forces which are used to manipulate small object when incorporated in optical tweezers.","These devices formally have a temperature greater than infinity, since they operate by population inversion.","The first one of these was created using a ruby crystal by Theodore Maiman.","A Helium-Neon one of these usually operates at 633 nanometres.","Used in DVD machines and pointers, for 10 points name these devices that produce a very thin coherent beam of light."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d2d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e16f5d2e25e31bae5773a62a79c1f6cd6bf3c9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,14.52],[14.64,19.44],[19.56,26.16],[26.28,33.2],[33.32,37.76],[37.88,42.64]],"texts":["At the end of this play, we are told that one character will use his \"pelf\" to \"feast you often, and invite new guests,\" referring to the audience in the theater.","In another scene, a character plays the cittern offstage to signify the arrival of elves to a blindfolded man; in reality,","two men are pinching him and telling him to throw his possessions to the floor on the order of the Queen of Fairy.","The master of the central household had originally fled the plague but when he returns, his butler must return to his old persona of Jeremy.","Some of the \"gulls\" in this play include Kastril, the brother of the widowed Dame Pliant, the law clerk Dapper, and a tobacco seller named Drugger.","Those characters are conned by the prostitute Dol Common and Captain Face.","For 10 points, name this play in which Subtle pretends to have the philosopher's stone, by Ben Jonson."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e2d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..086648387b039eeac611c92a03136f8caa8a75b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.0],[6.12,12.76],[12.88,16.32],[16.44,23.68],[23.8,29.16],[29.28,32.48],[32.6,38.28]],"texts":["Sir John Lawrence almost lost one of these items, but recovered it thanks to an honest valet, when he took it from India to give to Queen Victoria.","As presented by Adam Smith, the \"paradox of value\" contrasts the cheapness of water and the expense of these objects.","Sir William Crookes named a large one of these objects after William Cullinan.","Ahmad Shah Durrani recovered one of these items from the plunder of Nader Shah; that one, placed by Shah Jahan on the Peacock Throne, is the Koh-i-Noor.","In an F. Scott Fitzgerald novella, Percy claims that his father has one of these items larger than a hotel.","Many of these were taken from the earth at Kimberley by the de Beers company.","For 10 points, name these valuable objects, \"blood\" examples of which proliferate throughout Africa."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f2d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b47b27262482b9ad2eb9117b87edbef024a6b315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4f2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.56],[3.68,9.68],[9.8,15.92],[16.04,21.48],[21.6,24.68],[24.8,29.8],[29.92,33.72],[33.84,38.52]],"texts":["A Knudsen cell can be employed to measure low values of this quantity in solids.","This quantity, which can be measured using an isoteniscope, is higher than normal for a convex-curved droplet.","Two substances with equal values for this quantity are linearly related with respect to their temperature on a Duhring plot.","The log of this quantity can be set equal to \"A minus B over C plus T\" in Antoine's equation.","Substances with higher values of it are considered more volatile.","This quantity's \"partial\" form is calculated by multiplying it with a mole fraction value in Raoult's law.","A sample reaches its boiling point when this quantity equals the atmospheric pressure.","For 10 points, identify this quantity, the pressure of a gas in equilibrium."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a582d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a582d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7c05fd1e3d3d58deb452a25b32d6226f75f32a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a582d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.12],[2.24,9.16],[9.28,16.64],[16.76,19.44],[19.56,27.48],[27.6,32.04],[32.16,36.76]],"texts":["According to a later fictionalized account,","one king of thisdynasty suppressed a proto-Socialist religious sect he'd earlier converted to by burying its followers upside down to create a \"human garden\".","Another king of this dynasty martyred James Intercisus by cutting him into 28 pieces and was nicknamed for his love of onager hunting.","One king of this dynasty was crowned in utero,","while another may have either flayed the skin of a noted captive or poured molten gold down his throat after forcing him and his army to work on an aqueduct, the Band-e-Kaisar.","This dynasty succeeded the Arsacids and preceded the fall of Persia to the Muslims.","For ten points, name this dynasty, the last Zoroastrian ruling house of Persia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a872d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a872d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae2ba69565d287f96b685cc767135f0724a31db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a872d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.52],[10.64,16.52],[16.64,22.0],[22.12,31.36],[31.48,38.92],[39.04,45.64]],"texts":["Jean Baudrillard's book about this non-Gulf War event accuses one group of \"bringing about an excess of reality\" and \"playing the game...solely with the aim of disrupting it.\" In one philosopher's book Rogues,","this event \"media-theatricalized\" the globalization-driven loss of distinction between state and non-state actors.","A book asking \"Was there an alternative?\" in responding to this event was written by Noam Chomsky.","This event was called \"the first historic world event in the strictest sense\" due to a \"universal eyewitness\" in an interview by Giovanna Borradori of Jacques Derrida and Jurgen Habermas.","Both Noam Chomsky and Ron Paul re-popularized the term \"blowback\" to explain the origins of this event engineered by Mohammed Atta.","For 10 points, name this event that was the subject of the Amiri Baraka poem \"Somebody Blew Up America\" and the \"Falling Man\" photograph."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae52d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae52d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83adc484ed2a6a943b5a1797620d0bbe989560e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae52d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.68],[5.8,11.08],[11.2,14.32],[14.44,20.88],[21.0,27.4],[27.52,33.12],[33.24,38.84]],"texts":["Tannaka and Krein constructed a duality between groups with this property and categories of representations,","generalizing the duality between abelian groups that locally have this property and characters found by Pontryagin.","This property is equivalent to every ultrafilter converging.","Every sequence having a convergent subsequence is this property's sequential form, which for metric spaces is equivalent to this property.","The axiom of choice is equivalent to the statement that any product of sets with this property has this property, Tychonoff's theorem.","A subset of Euclidean space has this property if and only if it's closed and bounded by the Heine-Borel theorem.","For 10 points, name this property of a topological space in which any open cover has a finite subcover."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae62d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae62d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e80d20724d67a82c6404ac2c17a91f0aaa6e764c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae62d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.88],[8.0,14.64],[14.76,21.68],[21.8,28.32],[28.44,35.36],[35.48,43.04]],"texts":["In a 1972 Playboy interview, this architect used the metaphor of a \"trim tab a low pressure\" to explain how people can empower themselves.","The \"Barwise\" and \"Danbury\" were two prototypes of a house designed by this architect that contained \"O-volving\" shelves and were made entirely of aluminum.","This architect proposed creating floating spherical habitats known as \"Cloud Nine,\" which would be held together using \"tensegrity\".","This architect described his ethos as \"doing more with less,\" exemplified by a term he coined, \"dymaxion\".","For Expo 67, this architect created a biosphere that distributes stress over polyhedra consisting of solely triangular faces.","For 10 points, name this architect famous for geodesic domes, who lends his name to a molecule consisting of 60 carbon atoms."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae72d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae72d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4dc6ad6322acb1dfe8e585082bc8ace404bd8c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae72d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,16.28],[16.4,24.6],[24.72,30.12],[30.24,36.92],[37.04,40.28]],"texts":["This scientist is the alphabetically prior namesake of a function equal to the axisymmetric eigenfunctions of the curl operator for a force-free magnetic field.","For homogenous, plane-parallel atmospheres with finite thicknesses, this scientist names two X and Y functions that approximate radiative transfer.","With Mario Schonberg, this scientist names a limit below which main-sequence stars with non-fusing, isothermal cores can support an enclosing envelope.","A telescope named for this scientist was launched in 1999 to be NASA's premier X-ray observatory.","Electron degeneracy pressure gives rise to an upper bound of 1.4 solar masses for white dwarves in this scientist's namesake \"limit\".","For 10 points, name this Indian-American astrophysicist."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae82d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae82d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0c0d47e5f4c49df712c34cf536d488c05cae067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae82d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,18.28],[18.4,25.08],[25.2,31.24],[31.36,39.96]],"texts":["This thinker's theodicy dismisses the problem of evil by saying \"if God is wiser than we,","his judgments must differ from ours on many things.\" In a book with chapters such as \"The Naturalist and the Supernaturalist\" and \"The Self-Contradiction of the Naturalist,\" this thinker argued that belief in the title concept is not incompatible with historical reality.","In addition to writing The Problem of Pain and Miracles, this thinker compared theology to the use of a map in a landmark work of apologetics.","This thinker's main theological work argues that Jesus must have been a liar, a lunatic, or God in his namesake Trilemma.","For 10 points, name this lay theologian who wrote Mere Christianity, as well as religious novels such as The Screwtape Letters and The Chronicles of Narnia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae92d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae92d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..16c06645043a1cb68f08697cebbc623faa3e79dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae92d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.96],[8.08,13.32],[13.44,19.68],[19.8,25.68],[25.8,30.8],[30.92,36.6],[36.72,41.84]],"texts":["One painting by this artist inspired a photograph in which leaves from two dead trees and paper thrown into the air are caught by the title Sudden Gust of Wind.","In that original painting by this artist, two men clutch their hats while a third man watches his trilby blow away.","In another work by this artist, three men camp alongside the banks of a waterfall emerging from a circular cliffside opening.","According to legend, this artist chased a chicken with red paint on its feet across a canvas to create one landscape.","An elderly cooper constructs an unusually large barrel in the foreground of another painting by this artist.","Small boats are threatened by the title force of nature with Mount Fuji in the background in this artist's best-known work.","For 10 points, name this Japanese ukiyo-e printmaker of Great Wave of Kanagawa."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed2d.json b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99a66a2cdc6dfd966eefbe7109400d76b321d474
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.2],[2.32,15.04],[15.16,30.92],[31.04,37.4]],"texts":["Following a mob lynching in Saint Louis,","this politician argued that rebuilding the \"pillar of liberty\" built by the American Revolution required shedding passion and replacing it with the \"solid quarry of sober reason.\" In a speech admonishing a \"don't care\" attitude on an issue everyone cares about,","this politician criticized attempts to find \"middle ground between the right and the wrong.\" That one of his speeches ended with the command to \"dare to do our duty as we understand it.\" In a speech centered on a group who \"constituted a peculiar and powerful interest,\" this politician urged the country to \"strive on to finish the work we are in\" \"with malice towards none,","with charity for all.\" For 10 points, name this politician who delivered two 1860s inaugural addresses."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73892d.json b/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73892d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ef515a2c326cd548fb86545ca982cb5c1632784
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73892d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,19.56],[19.68,27.56],[27.68,33.04],[33.16,42.16],[42.28,49.2]],"texts":["In his interpretation of its formulator as a \"Thinker and Politician,\" Alfred Baeumler elided this concept,","since it was not compatible with the \"principle of highest justice.\" This concept is called the final step in the \"logic of terror\" and represents a \"local vertigo\" in its originator's thought according to Maurice Blanchot's \"The Limits of Experience.\" In a two-volume work on its originator,","Martin Heidegger argues that it is the \"supreme triumph of metaphysics\" since it allows the spirit of \"metaphysical revenge\" against Earth's transience to be overcome.","The philosopher's concept of Amor Fati is often used as an argument to combat this doctrine's nihilism,","which is exemplified by a person being a \"speck of dust\" in the \"hourglass of existence.\" A demon that \"steals into your loneliest existence\" is used to introduce, for 10 points,","what idea holding that the universe keeps on reforming itself, a concept discussed in The Gay Science by Friedrich Nietzsche?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a2d.json b/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a2d.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.8],[9.92,18.8],[18.92,20.92],[21.04,28.6],[28.72,33.84],[33.96,41.6],[41.72,49.12],[49.24,52.84]],"texts":["This composition's last movement features a descending idea in D at a slightly faster tempo than a descending idea in the tonic key, the latter of which is shared between the entire string section.","Its third movement opens with the strings playing a moto perpetuo before two oboes enter playing the first instance of a theme that later takes on a quarter, dotted eighth, sixteenth, quarter,","quarter, eighth, half rhythm.","That movement of this piece employs consecutive descending fourths from E to B in a fanfare motif that develops into an E major march theme.","Many orchestras use a bass clarinet to play a descending four-note passage in its first movement,","which opens with a low bassoon solo and features a loud crash at the beginning of the development section, immediately after a passage marked with six p's.","Unusually, this symphony's final movement is marked adagio lamentoso, and its second movement is a 5/4 \"limping waltz\".","For 10 points, name this final symphony by Pyotr Tchaikovsky."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b2d.json b/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b2d.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.16],[9.28,18.24],[18.36,26.08],[26.2,36.6],[36.72,38.96],[39.08,45.68]],"texts":["According to a custom of these people called the Ntetea rite, a child receives a personal name on the eighth day after his birth, and that name is celebrated in a ceremony forty days after his birth.","The religion and art of these people was written about by Robert Rattray, who claims they originated from north of the Kong Mountains, and Joseph Dupuis wrote a journal of his residence among them.","Heavy fines were imposed on these people in the Sagrenti War, and when one of their rulers was not able to pay, he was arrested and exiled to the Seychelles.","Most of their leaders descended from the Beretuo Dynasty, including that ruler, Prempeh I. The Fante Confederacy was formed to oppose this empire, which rose by defeating the Denkyira at Feyiase,","and then set up a capital at Kumasi.","For 10 points, name this empire founded by Osei Tutu, which fought five wars with the British, and worshipped the golden stool."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df3ddba2602b93e040812d.json b/tossups/2d/62df3ddba2602b93e040812d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0c5be2b8bb84116d19c658cc31c34c33705d1b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df3ddba2602b93e040812d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,11.6],[11.72,24.24],[24.36,34.16],[34.28,43.56]],"texts":["The \"Third Episode\" of this work is written as a series of exchanges between a young girl and an advice columnist for Feminine World magazine.","Its minor characters include the adulterous Doctor Nastini as well as Captain Gnorostiaga,","whose police report detailing a servant's murder of her boyfriend \"Pancho\" in her mistress' bed takes up much of the \"Twelfth Episode.\" The \"First Episode\" opens with a quote from the lyricist Homero Manzi and introduces the protagonist's lost love Nene via a letter.","Like its author's previous novel, its narrative makes frequent references to the American cinema to illustrate events in Buenos Aires Province, this time with a focus on the tubercular Juan Carlos.","First published in Spanish with a title that translates as Little Painted Mouths, for 10 points, identify this novel, partially named for Argentina's national dance, a work by Manuel Puig."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df3ddba2602b93e040822d.json b/tossups/2d/62df3ddba2602b93e040822d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..beb9b623e7cfb42c96290359d7bca17cbc34a730
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df3ddba2602b93e040822d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,10.76],[10.88,15.92],[16.04,20.8],[20.92,26.48],[26.6,35.04],[35.16,40.88]],"texts":["According to some myths, the expulsion of this mythological figure's brother led to the establishment of a people named the Termiloi.","This figure's grandchildren include Apemosyne who was killed by her brother Althamenes.","The murder of this figure's son caused a war with a man rendered invulnerable by a purple lock of hair on his head.","That conflict with the Megaran King Nisos was ultimately resolved by the seduction of Scylla.","Drowned in a bath given to him by the daughters of King Cocalus, this figure's lovers included the boy Miletos.","This father of Androgeos and brother of Rhadamanthus next made war on Aegeus, but was cuckolded when a certain inventor built his wife a heifer out of wood and made love to Poseidon's bull.","For 10 points, identify this royal husband of Pasiphae for whom Deaedalus built a labyrinth on the island of Crete."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b2d.json b/tossups/2d/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9412875198380e9a1eaf175589e0ac8a8db6e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.2],[5.32,9.72],[9.84,16.04],[16.16,20.88],[21.0,26.4],[26.52,32.48]],"texts":["This character becomes furious when another character threatens to cut off his testicles and preserve them in a hog's turd.","This character stresses that God forbids swearing in the Ten Commandments even before homicide.","His possessions include a mitten whose wearer is allegedly ensured a bountiful harvest and the bone of a sheep once owned by a Jew.","This man uses the Latin motto \"Radix malorum est cupiditas \" in all his speeches.","He describes drunkard residents of Flanders whose discovery of a stash of gold under an oak tree impels them to kill each other.","For 10 points, name this religious conman from Chaucer's Canterbury Tales who tells of three friends who attempt to kill Death."]}
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new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.04],[10.16,17.88],[18.0,24.44],[24.56,30.32],[30.44,35.24]],"texts":["The FACT complex assists in one phase of this process, and one protein that initiates this process is mutated in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17, in which its poly-Q tract is expanded.","This process is inhibited by actinomycin D. In bacteria, the rho factor can terminate this process, and sigma factors help initiate it.","Roger Kornberg isolated the protein complex responsible for initiating this process, which assembles itself at the TATA box.","RNA polymerase II binding starts this process, which creates its product from 5 prime to 3 prime.","For 10 points, name this genetic process in which DNA is read and written to RNA."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd7572d.json b/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd7572d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ff03fdaf7ead06c39256f962cc0b2ee8b8ad8a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd7572d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.16],[7.28,12.44],[12.56,19.32],[19.44,26.32],[26.44,29.64],[29.76,36.52],[36.64,39.32]],"texts":["The highest point in this city is Mount Majura, which is part of a nature park containing such other peaks as Mount Ainslie and Mount Mugga Mugga.","This city honors the founding of its major university in 1968 with a music festival called Stonefest.","This city was officially \"founded\" on March 12, 1913, a national holiday in the country where this city was located.","It contains a Georgian mansion called \"The Lodge,\"which has seen such occupants as Hazel Hawke and Ethel Bruce, along with their more notable husbands.","Designed by Walter Burley Griffin and his wife, Marion,","this city features the \"Parliamentary Triangle\" and was constructed as a compromise choice to settle a political dispute between Melbourne and Sydney.","For 10 points, name this capital of Australia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd7592d.json b/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd7592d.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.36],[5.48,11.68],[11.8,24.88],[25.0,26.4],[26.52,35.32],[35.44,41.28]],"texts":["One performer of this instrument co-founded Quintette du Hot Club de France along with the violinist Stephane Grappelli,","and developed a new fingering system for this instrument after losing mobility in his left ring and pinky fingers.","Another performer of this instrument appeared regularly with organist Melvin Rhyne and composed the tunes \"Four on Six\" and \"West Coast Blues.\" A third performer of this instrument collaborated with his wife and a saxophonist to produce the seminal album of bossa nova,","Getz/Gilberto.","This instrument was played by Django Reinhardt, Wes Montgomery, and Charlie Christian, who demonstrated the viability of this instrument's electric version as a solo instrument.","For 10 points, name this stringed instrument played by blues musicians such as Blind Lemon Jefferson and B. B. King."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2d.json b/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91284877c0952d46dcf81e5e4e1512329bd0b3f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df83920c3a38102cd75a2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,11.24],[11.36,19.6],[19.72,26.24],[26.36,32.96],[33.08,37.64]],"texts":["A short story by this author is narrated by an algebra teacher whose daughter, Grace, has just died of polio.","That narrator's drug addict brother, the title character, comes to stay with him and plays in Creole's jazz band.","Another short story by this author ends with Jesse only being able to have sex with his wife Grace by remembering seeing a man's testicles cut off and his body burnt at a lynching.","This author of \"Sonny's Blues\" and \"Going to Meet the Man\" wrote a novel whose protagonist wrestles with a handsome teenager named Elisha.","That novel tells of the spiritual encounter of young Harlem resident John, whose abusive father is a church deacon named Gabriel.","For 10 points, name this African-American author of Go Tell It on the Mountain."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a2d.json b/tossups/2d/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2105d5ce8d75f29cb44eeed24da21f42ccb4c782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.6],[1.72,6.68],[6.8,12.0],[12.12,17.08],[17.2,23.32],[23.44,25.2],[25.32,32.0]],"texts":["Two answers required.","One war between these two countries saw the March of the Iron Will conducted as an assault on a capital city.","The Hoare-Laval pact was an attempt to end that war between them, which also included the Christmas Offensive.","These two countries fought a battle where queen Taytu Betul commanded a decisive contingent.","They fought two wars after crossings of the Mareb River, the first of which occurred due to linguistic disputes regarding the Treaty of Wichale.","These countries fought the Battle of Adowa.","For 10 points, name these two nations, one an African power led by Menelik II, and the other a European country."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df8ab610329be735a33f2d.json b/tossups/2d/62df8ab610329be735a33f2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc4606834e43c000bdb3311d5f54da8db341d423
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.28],[4.4,13.56],[13.68,20.6],[20.72,27.2],[27.32,34.6]],"texts":["This man addressed Ebenezer Thayer in a set of \"instructions\" named for his home town.","Although his language was not chosen, this man wrote \"all men are born equally free and independent\" in his draft of Article I of the oldest constitution still in use today.","This author of Thoughts on Government defended against allegations that the Liberty, John Hancock's ship, avoided paying taxes.","This author of Braintree Instructions also got six British soldiers acquitted for participation in the Boston Massacre.","For 10 points, name this lawyer-turned-politician who wrote the Massachusetts state constitution and was elected President in 1796."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62df8ab610329be735a3402d.json b/tossups/2d/62df8ab610329be735a3402d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a353dcfa650f15fba9789f894344f54060a30f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62df8ab610329be735a3402d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,17.36],[17.48,26.12],[26.24,30.2]],"texts":["This poem compares its central figure to \"Pisanello lacking the skill to forge Achaia,\" and it recalls a time when \"the English Rubaiyat was still-born\" and \"Gladstone was still respected\" in the section \"Yeux Glauques.\" The first section of this poem concludes by predicting a time when \"change hath broken down all things save Beauty alone.\" As related in the opening,","this poem's title character was \"bent resolutely on wringing lilies from the acorn\" and strove for three years \"to resuscitate the dead art of poetry.\" For 10 points,","name this dense poem about a triply-named poet written by Ezra Pound."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9592d.json b/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9592d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c422bf3ffeeb6be5a073cfd8a5fd059807bc088a
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,14.24],[14.36,21.92],[22.04,27.84],[27.96,32.36],[32.48,41.68],[41.8,50.76],[50.88,55.88]],"texts":["One of this author's characters misleads a police investigation by submitting an anonymous tip that an out-of-town mo-torcycle gang was responsible for a murder.","This author created a fctional family in which Felix is renamed \"Lamentations of Jeremiah\" and the four-year-old Germaine is a psychic.","In one of this author's stories, the phrases \"Man the fying saucers\" and \"Done By Crazy Woman Driver\" are written on a golden jalopy.","In one novel by this author, Legs Sadovsky and the Wirtz sisters form the \"Foxfre\" gang to put abusive men on trial.","Gideon crashes a plane full of bombs into the title family's mansion in her novel Bellefleur.","She included Expensive People in a series of novels set in Eden County called the \"Wonderland Quar-tet,\" that includes novels titled The Garden of Earthly Delights and them.","This author wrote a historical novel about Marilyn Monroe titled Blonde, and a short story in which Connie is coerced into leaving her house and taking a ride in the devilish Arnold Friend's car.","For 10 points, name this prolifc author who wrote the story \"Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a2d.json b/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9d8f88612afe2900a3706cd3c8bf2f2326976f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,14.0],[14.12,21.2],[21.32,29.72],[29.84,36.8],[36.92,40.92],[41.04,46.6],[46.72,51.68]],"texts":["This character brings out a gold-decked chariot yoked by four brand-new steeds, but the horses eventually get crushed by a mace.","In an earlier appearance, he throws out a dark smoke that not only renders him invisible, but also mutes the sounds of his weapons and footsteps.","This character demoralizes one of his opponents by fashioning an image of his wife, then conspicu-ously grabbing her hair and decapitating her.","Weapons wielded by this character include a trap made of a million snakes and a magic missile granted by Brahma, who refuses to make him immortal and changes his name from Meghanatha.","Hanuman sets out to gather an herb to heal a grievous wound this character inficted on an enemy who eventually overcomes him with the help of Vibhishana,","who fnds out that the yagna ritual is this demon's source of immortality.","This demon arrives to avenge his uncle Kumbhakarna, but is bested by Lakshmana afer three days of combat.","For 10 points, name this son of Ravana, a rakshasa named for his superiority over the storm god."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b2d.json b/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b2d.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7e65ab8220349127501b4f76645ef61f79209be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b2d.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.68],[4.8,11.0],[11.12,16.32],[16.44,23.32],[23.44,31.88],[32.0,37.84],[37.96,42.56]],"texts":["Simon Armitage borrowed the title and form of a poem about this event for his own poem about 9/11.","Victoria Tammurai, her husband Richard, and their son Teddy partake in this event in a one-act Christopher Durang play,","while the nouveau riche Thomas Morgan also witnesses it in Beryl Bainbridge's Every Man for Himself.","A poem about this event mentions \"salamandrine fires\" and a \"grotesque, slimed, dumb, indifferent\" animal crawling.","In that poem, this event occurs when \"the Spinner of the Years\" says \"Now!\" That poem, which appeared in Satires of Circumstance, consisting of eleven rhyming tercets,","describes the \"Immanent Will\" ordaining this event, in which \"a Shape of Ice\" threatens \"a smart ship.\" For 10 points,","Thomas Hardy's \"The Convergence of the Twain\" is about what 1912 maritime disaster?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9622d.json b/tossups/2d/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9622d.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.88],[9.0,12.96],[13.08,19.6],[19.72,27.36],[27.48,33.96]],"texts":["A politician with this surname triggered the commission of the Scott Report after his admission to having been \"economical with the actualite\" collapsed the trial into Matrix Churchill directors,","and that politician's diaries described \"a bolus of wankers\" who ended Thatcher's career.","A Home Secretary with this name offered his resignation after it emerged 1,023 foreign prisoners had been released,","and another politician with this surname is the president of the Conservative Europe Group who finished second in leadership elections in 1997 and 2001.","For 10 points, what surname is shared by Charles, a former Home Secretary, and Ken, a former Chancellor of the Exchequer?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b37.json b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b37.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,13.68],[13.8,23.44],[23.56,32.76],[32.88,40.32]],"texts":["According to the Jewish calendar, this is the earlier of two holidays on which the Unetannah Tokef piyyut is recited.","In the days leading up to this holiday, the akeidah, chatanu, and techinah prayers are recited in the Ashkenazi tradition as their selichot prayers.","One of the customs on this holiday traces its origin to the Sefer Maharil of Rabbi Molin and involves throwing bread into water to represent the casting off of sins; that tradition is called tashlikh.","The ba'al tekiyah performs one traditional rite on this holiday, while another tradition is to eat apples dipped in honey on this first of the Days of Awe, which involves 100 blows on the shofar.","For 10 points, name this Jewish holiday on the first two days of Tishrei that recently marked the beginning of the 5,774th year."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c37.json b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..93cfa94c08520815149fa872c872a8ab6eefd8ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.08],[6.2,10.4],[10.52,18.56],[18.68,22.12],[22.24,27.6],[27.72,32.68],[32.8,35.88],[36.0,44.64]],"texts":["During this war, the Meteor gunboat was engaged in a prearranged, indecisive duel outside Havana Harbor.","One new national holiday celebrating a battle in this war was set for 2 September.","The losing side's army was forced westwards in the Battles of Spicheren and Worth, but were prevented from going further by the Battle of Mars-la-Tour, which was lost by Marshal Bazaine,","who also lost the subsequent Battle of Gravelotte, which trapped him in Metz.","The withdrawal of a Roman garrison by the losing side in this war let Italy complete the Risorgimento.","In this war, Leon Gambetta escaped his capital in a hot air balloon to organize resistance.","A government change occurred in this war after the defeat at Sedan.","For 10 points, name this 1870-1871 war that resulted in the formation of the Second German Empire, which took Alsace-Lorraine from its defeated opponent."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d37.json b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8cb689dc20e8a7ffab0eb6b222812f86b3d7dc2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.16],[9.28,16.48],[16.6,22.44],[22.56,30.92],[31.04,38.16]],"texts":["This thinker discusses the fetishistic handicap in a paper that contrasted the examples of a pleasure-wizard and a cripple to mount a moral criticism on utilitarianism from case-implication.","This thinker included the commitment to minimal freedom and general functionality as two of three criteria that cannot be simultaneously satisfied;","he illustrated that idea with the example of Lewd and Prude who can be given a copy of Lady Chatterly's Lover.","This thinker showed that a commitment to Pareto Optimality is impossible in the \"liberal paradox\" and he argued that inefficient distribution mechanisms caused the title events in another work.","For 10 points, name this Nobel Prize-winning economist who wrote Povery and Famines, which presented case studies of his native India."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e37.json b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6ba90cb1543003d1dcd0920fea2b4c8c48aade0b
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+++ b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.36],[11.48,18.0],[18.12,22.96],[23.08,29.88],[30.0,34.76],[34.88,38.36]],"texts":["These items and \"Conceptual Models\" appear in the title of a paper outlining \"rational policy,\" \"organizational process,\" and \"bureaucratic politics\" in foreign policy, written by Graham T. Allison.","During a \"walk in the woods,\" Paul Nitze made an offer concerning these items, which eventually led to the 1987 INF Treaty.","The term MANPADS refers to a type of these devices usable by a single person.","An agency named for these items operates a facility on Kwajalein Atoll, and developed from Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative.","North Korean versions of these weapons, called \"Hwasong,\" are derived from the Soviet Scud type.","For 10 points, name these weapons that can carry nuclear warheads."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5837.json b/tossups/37/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a5837.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.48],[2.6,9.96],[10.08,17.52],[17.64,24.56],[24.68,29.28]],"texts":["The \"elliptical temple\" is located at this site.","This site was taken over by the Rozwi Empire late in its history, and a polity ruled from this site was rocked by a civil war between Changamire and Mutota.","A soapstone bird excavated at this site is a symbol of its modern-day country, and this site was ruled by kings titled monomotapa.","Building at this site stopped in the 18th century, just before it came to the attention of Western archaeologists who thought it was the land of Ophir.","For ten points, name this site located near Harare, the namesake of a modern country."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae537.json b/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae537.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.2],[1.32,6.4],[6.52,11.72],[11.84,15.84],[15.96,21.64],[21.76,27.2],[27.32,32.28],[32.4,37.4]],"texts":["Read answer carefully.","Tito Livio Burattini proposed an early version of this policy which he referred to as \"cattolico\".","Thomas Jefferson's attempt to enact this policy was derailed when Joseph Dombey's ship was captured by pirates.","Only two of sixteen marble guides that were installed as part of this policy still remain.","At the urging of the Marquis de Condorcet, an arc from Dunkirk to Barcelona was surveyed prior to enacting this policy.","Napoleon partially reversed this policy by reintroducing the livre and toise as part of the mesures usuelles.","Since 1875, this system has been regulated by the General Conference on Weights and Measures.","For 10 points, the French Revolution led to the creation of what measurement system with kilograms and meters?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae637.json b/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae637.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae637.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.04],[4.16,10.76],[10.88,17.2],[17.32,23.52],[23.64,28.08],[28.2,34.4],[34.52,38.96],[39.08,43.16]],"texts":["Medieval Christians identified a form of this pagan deity with the Virgin Mary.","Like Agdistis, Cybele, and Elagabalus, this Classical deity was originally enshrined as an aniconic black stone.","In Sparta and on a nearby island, this deity was oddly worshiped as a war deity with the epithet Areia.","A Homeric hymn numbers Artemis among the three phrenes, or minds, that this \"smile-loving\" deity cannot overcome.","This deity had \"popular\" and \"heavenly\" forms named Pandemos and Ourania.","Greek worship of this goddess likely began when Phoenician traders on Cyprus and Cythera introduced the cult of Astarte.","This goddess was said to be born from sea foam produced by Uranus's severed genitals.","The Judgment of Paris was won by, for 10 points, what goddess of love?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae837.json b/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae837.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.52],[9.64,17.28],[17.4,21.96],[22.08,28.76],[28.88,35.76],[35.88,42.24]],"texts":["Nitrogen-vacancy centers in this material are surrounded by localized clusters of hyperfine-coupled nuclear spins in a quantum processor capable of producing long-lived qubits.","\"Hydrogen-terminated\" surfaces of this material exhibit p-type surface conductivity, making it a candidate for high charge carrier mobility FETs.","A synthesis capsule is at the center of a BARS apparatus for manufacturing this material.","Culets hold a sample between two opposing pieces of this material in an anvil cell for testing material responses to extreme pressure.","The abbreviation HPHT is given to synthetic examples of this material created using high pressure and high temperature.","For 10 points, name this an allotrope of carbon commonly used in industrial blades and drills for its extreme hardness."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed37.json b/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b835c38978935b8c892ce0c759fc12138bf6aba9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,13.88],[14.0,22.08],[22.2,28.96],[29.08,37.44]],"texts":["A poet from this country developed \"naked poetry\" shortly after marrying Zenobia Camprubi, with whom he collaborated on a translation of the poetry collection The Crescent Moon.","A poet from this country wrote a collection of poetry in which he is accompanied by his silver-colored donkey.","A poet known by the mononym Azorin coined the name for a literary group in this country that included an author who fictionalized Cain and Abel as a doctor and painter.","A literary collective in this country formed on the 300th anniversary of the death of a baroque poet from this country, who developed culteranismo.","For 10 points, Luis de Gongora inspired the Generation of '27 in what country, whose poets include Miguel de Unamuno and Juan Ramon Jimenez?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738837.json b/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738837.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41a0b45d71d431f595a96ea820417131d7ed7c54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738837.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,10.12],[10.24,22.32],[22.44,25.08],[25.2,31.32],[31.44,36.92],[37.04,42.4],[42.52,46.16]],"texts":["The KATRIN experiments at the University of Mainz developed the MAC-E filter to study these particles.","The mass of these particles can be expressed via the vacuum expectation value of a Higgs triplet field.","An asymmetry between these particles traveling \"up\" and those traveling \"down\" was discussed in a 1998 paper by Y. Fukuda et al. Up to three CP-violating phases are needed to parameterize a construct describing these particles,","which can have mixing angles as large as 45 degrees.","An experiment at Brookhaven showed that these particles spin opposite their momentum, suggesting that they are all left-handed.","The PMNS matrix predicts the relative contribution of three mass eigenstates to these particles.","Arthur McDonald and Takaaki Kajita won the 2015 Nobel in Physics for detecting their flavor oscillations.","For 10 points, name these actually-not-massless neutral leptons."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738937.json b/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738937.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..affe6f734daf74f77b5458b74f7abe5663481111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738937.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,8.84],[8.96,13.88],[14.0,20.8],[20.92,26.64],[26.76,29.84],[29.96,35.24],[35.36,39.16],[39.28,41.88],[42.0,47.44]],"texts":["Conditions under which this feature is altered in Balto-Slavic languages are postulated by Winter's Law.","In Punjabi, this linguistic element can be altered with an addak.","Dinka and Wichita are among the very few languages that have three phonemic levels of this feature.","Explaining how the phonemic significance of this feature in Proto-Germanic could have arisen from Proto-Indo-European is the attempted goal of Kluge's Law.","In Japanese, the words for \"uncle\" and \"grandfather\" are minimal pairs differing only in this feature.","Gemination is a process affecting this aspect of consonants.","In IPA, the modification of this element is notated with an hourglass symbol that resembles a colon.","In Czech and Hungarian, an acute accent modifies this aspect of a vowel.","The basic unit of this element is the chroneme.","For 10 points, give this term for the perceived duration of a sound, such as the distinction between long and short vowels."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a37.json b/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f024665c8f0c019ff57c285de65ad3474dd32f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,15.32],[15.44,19.16],[19.28,26.4],[26.52,31.84],[31.96,38.72],[38.84,42.68]],"texts":["The internal energy of a gas of these particles equals a constant times volume times temperature raised to the fourth power.","Unlike heavier particles with the same spin, the Lorenz gauge is not automatically satisfied when computing the polarization states of this particle; instead the Coulomb gauge is used,","leading to the result that these particles have only two polarization states.","Minus i times the Minkowski metric divided by the square of the exchanged four-momentum equals the propagator associated with this particle.","In quantum electrodynamics, the exchange of virtual examples of these particles mediates electromagnetic interactions.","Interactions between these particles and metals include Compton scattering and an effect whose explanation won Albert Einstein a Nobel Prize.","For 10 points, name these massless particles, the quanta of light."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df3ddba2602b93e0408237.json b/tossups/37/62df3ddba2602b93e0408237.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..489883a4e9d3d626acbca56de078c1115dd97ba4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df3ddba2602b93e0408237.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.84],[4.96,11.08],[11.2,15.4],[15.52,21.84],[21.96,32.12],[32.24,36.16],[36.28,43.36]],"texts":["Mallik and Henikoff have posited the evolution of these structures from two-micron STB elements.","These items are unable to self-associate properly in the absence of functional ESCO2, a condition known as Robert's syndrome.","A common type of yeast vector combines this with an autonomous replicating sequence.","Shugoshin prevents the release of cohesin from these elements, and Cse4 is a H3 variant that loads at this site.","\"Point\" ones may bind only a single nucleosome and may be as small as 125 base pairs, but mammalian ones are much larger and contain repetitive alpha satellite DNA.","This DNA element is bound by Bub and Mad proteins during cell division.","For 10 points, name this DNA region, the site of kinetochore assembly and spindle attachment, which is often found at the central point of a chromosome."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/37/62df7ca243aee49db2f76937.json b/tossups/37/62df7ca243aee49db2f76937.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8a2d4a2984f441b6f89eef3dd62e3bade21f4ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df7ca243aee49db2f76937.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.64],[9.76,14.0],[14.12,20.56],[20.68,24.0],[24.12,32.12],[32.24,38.56]],"texts":["One military commander in this conflict claimed \"we shoot at everything that moves... even at things that don't move.\" The German Rolf Steiner and the Dutch Taffy Williams were mercenaries who fought in this conflict.","During this conflict, the port city of Calabar was captured in Operation Tiger Claw.","During this conflict, the Red Cross set up a base at Cotonou in a neighboring country to begin flying in food supplies in a massive airlift,","which inspired Bernard Kouchner to found Doctors Without Borders.","This conflict was precipitated by the formation of a state by Odumegwu Ojukwu for the Igbo people, but was brutally crushed by the federal government under Jack Gowon.","For 10 points, identify this four year long conflict which was caused by the 1967 secession of the Republic of Biafra."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df8012e66cc66ca571d137.json b/tossups/37/62df8012e66cc66ca571d137.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..472d8fd60940308e4b71d898e72bfc05bf34672a
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+++ b/tossups/37/62df8012e66cc66ca571d137.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.0],[6.12,13.64],[13.76,21.12],[21.24,24.64],[24.76,34.48]],"texts":["This event caused Pope Gregory XVI to issue a document on civil disobedience entitled Cum Primum.","Sometimes referred to as the Cadet Revolution since it started at a military academy, its members included the young Countess Emilia Plater.","It saw one side decisively defeated at the Battle of Ostroleka and it opened with a failed assassination attempt on Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich,","who wanted to use troops to put down the July Revolution in France.","Jan Skrzynecki led one side during this event, which hoped to topple the rule of Czar Nicholas I. For 10 points, name this 1830-1831 Polish uprising against Russian rule."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/37/62df8012e66cc66ca571d237.json b/tossups/37/62df8012e66cc66ca571d237.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc0fccb09847cff0d5340383af433b1dfa796070
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+++ b/tossups/37/62df8012e66cc66ca571d237.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.64],[3.76,19.24],[19.36,20.76],[20.88,30.36],[30.48,37.44]],"texts":["The narrator of this poem wishes \"I were as in my boyhood,","and could be the comrade of thy wanderings.\" Its third stanza describes the \"blue Mediterranean\" and the \"sapless foliage\" which suddenly \"grow grey with fear and tremble and despoil themselves.\" The title entity of this work is described as spreading \"angels of rain and lightning.\" The narrator of this poem cries \"I fall upon the thorns of life!","I bleed!\",","and describes the title figure as both \"destroyer and preserver.\" This work begins with a description of the title figure as a \"breath of Autumn's being\" and it ends by asking \"if Winter comes,","can Spring be far behind?\" For 10 points, name this poem by Percy Bysshe Shelley, an ode to the title harbinger of Autumn."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df83920c3a38102cd75737.json b/tossups/37/62df83920c3a38102cd75737.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ec342eb45fc01b828165f250a360ba89bba88fb
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+++ b/tossups/37/62df83920c3a38102cd75737.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,18.56],[18.68,21.6],[21.72,30.4],[30.52,39.84]],"texts":["This thinker argued that American Intellect inhabits the \"colonial mansion,\" in his lecture \"The Genteel Tradition in American Philosophy.\" One concept developed by this man stated that philosophy begins with the non-conscious creating beliefs \"radically incapable of proof.\" A five-volume work by this man examines the title concept in Common Sense,","Society, Religion, Art, and Science.","He argued that philosophy begins \"in medias res\" at the beginning of a book that claims that while idealism is true, people live by the more pragmatic title concept.","For 10 points, name this philosopher who wrote The Life of Reason and Skepticism and Animal Faith, and also penned the line \"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df83920c3a38102cd75a37.json b/tossups/37/62df83920c3a38102cd75a37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c400df7cdf3864ff481aa7435d7a12904bd398e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df83920c3a38102cd75a37.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.4],[4.52,9.72],[9.84,15.88],[16.0,20.72],[20.84,24.64],[24.76,30.96],[31.08,35.24]],"texts":["The world's largest factory for barrel cheese is located in this state, in the city of Gooding.","The highest peak in this state contains a portion named the \"Chickenout Ridge\" and is located in the Lost River Range.","One story about this state's name says that it was coined by a lobbyist named George Willing, who claimed it to be a Shoshone word.","This state saw the first ever chairlift at a ski resort, installed at the Sun Valley resort.","That resort is near a city where Ernest Hemingway shot himself, Ketchum.","This state is home to Borah Peak and its capital may have been named by a Frenchman's exuberant exclamation \"The woods!","The woods!\" For 10 points, name this \"Gem State\" with capital at Boise."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37837.json b/tossups/37/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37837.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08515b548fe80694a0cc06f8262bcd139a8f0156
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37837.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,14.24],[14.36,19.56],[19.68,25.64],[25.76,35.08]],"texts":["When this company purchased Indiana Harbor Works, it acquired and completed the workers' community of Marktown in East Chicago.","This company was the target of a riotous strike in 1916, in which the National Guard intervened in the present-day town of Campbell after its workers burned down the city.","Solicitor General Philip Perlman argued against this company, represented by John W. Davis,","when its incalcitrance during a threatened strike that would have affected Korean War supplies led Harry Truman to seize its production facilities.","For 10 points, name this Ohio-based steel manufacturer that succesfully won a check on executive power in its Supreme Court case against Commerce Secretary Charles Sawyer."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62df8ab610329be735a34037.json b/tossups/37/62df8ab610329be735a34037.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83d996c73d9ce162cbc3de74a04e638083817a35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62df8ab610329be735a34037.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.48],[7.6,14.72],[14.84,21.28],[21.4,29.72],[29.84,36.32],[36.44,39.24]],"texts":["The narrator of one novel by this author writes poetry under the pseudonym Eliot Boliver and lives in fear of \"the Hangman,\" his stutter.","In his most recent novel, a woman is sold to the \"House of Sisters,\" an abbey whose nuns are forced to bear children used in child sacrifice.","That woman, Orito, is a midwife for Doctor Marinus, an employee of the Dutch East India Company living at Dejima harbor.","This author of The Thousand Autumns of Jacob de Zoet wrote the detective story \"Half-Lives,\" about an investigative journalist researching the Seaboard HYDRA nuclear plant.","That story is one of six nested inside each other that stretch from the nineteenth century to a post-apocalyptic Hawaii.","For 10 points, name this author of Cloud Atlas."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e37.json b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57636bc6c6531d88070624ab032cbc6c944de9b7
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f37.json b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f37.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7121caf1610d02ab0d6f9b41c86a86ee0883b71b
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.2],[4.32,10.08],[10.2,16.92],[17.04,25.96],[26.08,36.28],[36.4,38.36]],"texts":["Many leftist women in this country joined Black Sash societies to organize protests.","One leader of this country authorized a letter bomb killing Ruth First, who wrote against this country's injustices from abroad.","A Women's League in this country successfully argued for a quota in its majority party ensuring one-third female representation in its legislature.","This country's journalist Helen Zille, who now leads its minority-party Democratic Alliance, broke a 1977 story detailing the beating and in-prison death of a prominent dissident.","Women were exempted from its \"pass laws.\" For 10 points, name this nation whose leading women included Mamphela Ramphele, the lover of Steve Biko, and anti-racist activist Winnie Mandela,","the wife of long-imprisoned Nelson."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96037.json b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96037.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d052cd20e74b971b70f0883dbf9e75f2717b7ac0
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,10.16],[10.28,16.28],[16.4,23.72],[23.84,32.48],[32.6,39.72]],"texts":["In this country, Nitistas supported a coup by a movement calling itself Fractionism.","The CIA helped build a rebel headquarters at Jamba in this country, whose independence was fought for by Holden Roberto.","A US legal proviso attempting to ban arms exports to this non-Nicaragua country was named for Iowa senator Dick Clark.","After an electoral dispute in this country, Jeremias Chitunda was killed in the Halloween Massacre along with other politicians of the Ovimbundu ethnicity.","The Benguela railway was damaged by a war in this country where, until the 2002 death of Jonas Savimbi, UNITA fought the MPLA with Cuban military backing.","For 10 points, name this country where separatists hold the oil-rich Cabinda exclave, a former Portuguese colony on Africa's Atlantic coast."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96137.json b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96137.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96137.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.04],[5.16,11.32],[11.44,16.84],[16.96,23.08],[23.2,28.64]],"texts":["One major character in this stories wears a fancy hat which they consider returning in order to pay a gas bill.","During a conversation in this story, it is noted that the protagonist is a typewriter salesman, but he aspires to be a writer.","After unsuccessfully trying to give a child a penny in this story, it is implied that a woman has a stroke.","The action of this story is set in motion because the protagonist's mother refuses to travel to the YMCA by herself following integration.","For 10 points, name this story about Julian riding a bus with his racist mother, a short story by Flannery O'Connor."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96237.json b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96237.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.08],[6.2,13.4],[13.52,19.92],[20.04,23.12],[23.24,31.92]],"texts":["During this event, William Van Ness used an umbrella to hide the winner's face from potential witnesses, including David Hosack.","The victor of this encounter was later charged with treason after allegedly conspiring with James Wilkinson to form an empire in the western United States.","The loser had previously railed against his \"dangerous\" opponent's campaigns for both the governorship of New York and the US presidency.","Two shots were fired at this event in Weehawken, New Jersey.","For 10 points, identify this encounter of 1804, in which the third Vice President of the United States shot and fatally wounded the first US Secretary of the Treasury."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96237.opus b/tossups/37/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96237.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b3a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b3a.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c3a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c3a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94937fdc08a7014010199d12f8cf3a3fa5de2d71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.6],[4.72,12.12],[12.24,17.04],[17.16,21.56],[21.68,26.04],[26.16,31.56],[31.68,36.16]],"texts":["The upright section of the army headquarters building in this city tapers down to meet the rest of the building.","Octopus Cards, the Star Ferry, and Stonecutter's Bridge are key to the transportation of this city formerly governed by positive non-interventionism.","A former fort in this city was the site of a lawless walled city that was torn down in 1994.","The now-closed Kai Tak Airport was the home airport of Cathay Pacific, which is based here.","This city, home to Victoria Peak, is south of Shenzhen and lies on the Pearl River Delta.","The Special Administrative Zone containing this city includes the New Territories, Kowloon, and its namesake island.","For 10 points, name this Chinese city that was returned in 1997 by the British."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d3a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d3a.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.84],[6.96,9.88],[10.0,12.68],[12.8,17.8],[17.92,20.68],[20.8,26.68],[26.8,29.76],[29.88,35.36]],"texts":["In 2010, the International Court of Justice upheld this country's right to operate two paper mills on a river that forms its western border.","This country's northern border is marked by the Cuareim River.","This country contains the western half of the Merin Lagoon.","The only UNESCO World Heritage site in this country is the historic quarter of Colonia del Sacramento.","The highest point in this country is theCerro Catedral.","This country's namesake river has a tributary called the Rio Negro; that namesake river forms its western boundary.","This country has the southernmost capital in the Americas.","For 10 points, name this country on the north shore of the Rio de La Plata, across from Argentina to its south."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e3a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e3a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5996bfd49a9e7bd42a56abdb6f7817c7fb363cfc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.0],[8.12,15.88],[16.0,21.36],[21.48,28.68],[28.8,35.2],[35.32,39.84]],"texts":["A woman in this play proclaims that \"Man is forgetful, but God remembers\" after hearing a doctor complain about how no one will remember the lives he saved in 200 years.","A man in this play exclaims that \"not every man is capable of being a writer perpetuum immobile\" after his mother accuses him of losing his convictions.","A servant in this play objects to being called Ilia, saying he prefers a name that suits the marks that cover his face,","that of \"Waffles.\" Yelena repeatedly refuses the advances of the title character of this play, finding herself attracted to Astrov.","After hearing Professor Serebryakov's plan to sell his estate, the title character of this play tries and fails to shoot him twice.","For 10 points, name this play by Anton Chekhov about a man named Ivan Voynitsky."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a583a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a583a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..faa39f486238b9d9bfa4e969d495dbfb184f9270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a583a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.72],[3.84,9.68],[9.8,16.64],[16.76,23.4],[23.52,32.08],[32.2,36.28]],"texts":["This region's urine was highly prized as a dental hygiene product.","One rebellion in this region was led by Viriathus, and the Saguntines were among the native inhabitants of this region.","Emperors born in this region included Trajan and Hadrian, and this region was divided into provinces named for Baetica and Tarraco.","This region was conquered for Carthage by Hasrudbal, and the city of Cartago Nova in this region translates to \"New New City\".","The diocese named for this region by Diocletian also controlled the province of Mauretania Tingitana, and, unlike Britannia, this region resisted conquest by the Gallic Empire.","For ten points, name this Roman region that consists of modern Spain and Portugal."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a873a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a873a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77cf72a3d3287be27c5cbdfeecf422cb31e2e822
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a873a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.92],[6.04,11.04],[11.16,20.6],[20.72,24.76],[24.88,33.08],[33.2,36.6],[36.72,43.44],[43.56,47.52]],"texts":["This activist profiled the first head of the federal Children's Bureau in the biography My Friend, Julia Lathrop.","This activist and Josephine Lowell chartered the National Consumers League to protect employees.","In \"Newer Ideals of Peace,\" this activist attacked proponents of so-called \"negative\" peace and promoted a peace platform she carried into the conference Women at The Hague,","from which she emerged as president of Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.","Herbert Hoover appointed this activist to disburse aid to civilians from the former Central Powers, an experience recounted in the memoir Peace and Bread in Time of War.","This activist drew inspiration from a visit to London's Toynbee Hall.","She was the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize, partly for founding a Chicago social settlement with Ellen Gates Starr in 1889.","For 10 points, name this American social worker who founded Hull House."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae53a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae53a.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae53a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,12.32],[12.44,20.0],[20.12,27.04],[27.16,33.72],[33.84,39.96]],"texts":["In the Poetic Edda, Sigrdrifa mentions a group of these things called the \"ale\" ones, which may reflect the alu motif from the Migration Era.","In the Havamal, a character recalls screaming as he lifted these things from the deep after enduring without food or drink for nine days.","Men such as Opir and Fot are among the hundreds of named \"masters\" of these things from medieval Sweden, where such men often also served as skalds.","These things, which begin with Feoh, Ura, and Thurs, have a collective name derived from the first six of them, \"Futhark\".","Several of these things adorned the spear Gungnir after its owner, Odin, gained knowledge of them by hanging himself from Yggradsil.","Viking sorcerers are thought to have cast spells by carving, for 10 points, what letters used to write Old Norse?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae63a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae63a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..48255126f8c3bc34a36ba5d5fc0f39ba48c5f3e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae63a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,12.88],[13.0,27.56],[27.68,35.72],[35.84,41.28]],"texts":["An analysis of the \"place of the furies\" concludes a \"study\" of this philosophical movement by William Barrett.","An essay on this movement contrasts a central thesis with the example of a paper-knife, for which a sum of \"formulae and qualities\" makes \"definition possible\".","A history of it by Walter Kaufmann examines its core question of \"What is Transcendence?\" The Communist reproach that this movement is an \"an invitation to...dwell in quietism\" is addressed in a lecture that names its major Christian proponents as Karl Jaspers and Gabriel Marcel.","That lecture defends this movement's emphasis on \"pure subjectivity,\" declares it to be \"a Humanism,\" and claims its central subject \"precedes essence\".","The book Being and Nothingness advances, for 10 points, what philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae83a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae83a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c814e3c1635171dbcca73c43b174eaff82047270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae83a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,12.8],[12.92,17.44],[17.56,24.32],[24.44,30.32],[30.44,34.96]],"texts":["One philosopher from this country defended his legal philosophy with the phrase \"The law is an expression of love for the people.\" Another philosopher from this country argued against elaborate funerals and prolonged mourning as contradictions to the notion of frugality.","That philosopher from this country also created a three-pronged test for doctrinal validity.","Another philosopher from this country formulated the paradox, \"a white horse is not a horse\" and was a member of the school of names.","Another philosopher from this country formulated the concepts of humanity and ritual, or ren and li, in The Analects.","For 10 points, name this home country of Mozi, Gongsun Long, and Confucius."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed3a.json b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed3a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8c80800e486c2eeb6f528dee150844dbcd3363b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,11.76],[11.88,17.2],[17.32,24.64],[24.76,29.84],[29.96,35.56]],"texts":["The prosperity and fertility god Sagaan Ubgen, or the White Elder, is worshipped in the so-called \"white\" version of a religious tradition in this country,","which is contrasted with the \"black\" and Buddhist-influenced \"yellow\" versions.","This country's first Bogd Gegeen, Zanabazar, spread the Gelugpa school of Buddhism to it.","This country's national emblem features the Wind Horse, a symbol it inherited from Tibetan Buddhism, which spread to this country through the Yuan dynasty.","The native shamanic tradition of this country's primary ethnic group includes worship of gods called tengri.","For 10 points, identify this country where the equestrian war god Sulde Tengri is identified with Genghis Khan."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883a.json b/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e88493a74d985c157453d8f578db9bb7b43c77c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.68]],"texts":["For 10 points, name this telecommunications giant."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883a.opus b/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883a.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73893a.json b/tossups/3a/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73893a.json
new file mode 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f3a.json b/tossups/3a/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f3a.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,12.44],[12.56,17.76],[17.88,25.12],[25.24,30.52],[30.64,35.4],[35.52,42.44]],"texts":["The year after he died, a memorial exhibition of his works was organized by Wilhelm Uhde, who also wrote the first biography of this artist.","His technique always involved painting individual colors one by one and painting from the top of the canvas to the bottom.","His portraits include those of Pierre Loti and Leon-Paul Fargue, as well as a self-portrait with a lamp.","Whimsy and disproportion typify such canvases as Unpleasant Surprise, The Merry Jesters, Boy on the Rocks and The Football Players.","Yet, it is the exoticism of such paintings as The Dream and The Snake Charmer that set him apart.","His nickname was given not for his art but for the many years he worked as a customs inspector.","For 10 points, name this man who often painted jungle scenes featuring lions and tigers, such as in his magnum opus The Sleeping Gypsy."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df3ddba2602b93e040823a.json b/tossups/3a/62df3ddba2602b93e040823a.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.12],[4.24,9.92],[10.04,16.0],[16.12,23.2],[23.32,31.76],[31.88,39.8]],"texts":["This event was sparked by the passing six years earlier of the Law Against Sacrilege,","which doled out increasing criminal penalties for theft or profanation of holy objects or vessels containing holy objects.","A petition drafted in the midst of this event by men like Casimir Perier and Georges Mouton was quickly rebuffed by Auguste Marmont.","Most immediately, it was caused by a set of documents which placed censorship orders on the press, drafted by the newly appointed Jules de Polignac.","His attempt to dissolve the Chamber of Deputies resulted in the storming of the Hotel de Ville during the \"Three Glorious Days\" after the drafting of some namesake ordinances in this event.","For 10 points, name this uprising by which King Charles X was forced into exile and replaced with Louis-Philippe in 1830, and which bears the name of a certain month."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df7ca243aee49db2f7693a.json b/tossups/3a/62df7ca243aee49db2f7693a.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/3a/62df7ca243aee49db2f7693a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,12.36],[12.48,17.08],[17.2,22.8],[22.92,27.44],[27.56,32.16],[32.28,37.84]],"texts":["The seventeenth century organist Andreas Werckmeister devised four methods, denoted Roman numeral I through IV, of performing this action.","Slight differences known as \"commas\" may result from the \"Pythagorean\" approach to performing this activity.","Performing this action in a way that gives ratios of small whole numbers results in JI.","The \"well temperament\" referred to in the title of Bach's famous composition refers to a style of performing this action.","The practice of intentionally performing this action in a non-standard way is termed scordatura.","Orchestras perform this action using the concert A played by the oboe as a reference.","For 10 points, name this practice of adjusting the pitch of an instrument, commonly accomplished using a namesake fork."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d23a.json b/tossups/3a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d23a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49a5775569931cec62598eb6c1e4111af54b6ce8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62df8012e66cc66ca571d23a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.16],[9.28,18.0],[18.12,25.88],[26.0,34.72],[34.84,41.44]],"texts":["This thinker asked \"are democracy and social science compatible each with each?\" and \"are today's youth different?\" in two chapters in this thinker's study of America.","In addition to writing And Keep Your Powder Dry, this author studied the mountain-dwelling, river-dwelling, and lake-dwelling Arapesh, Mundugumor, and Tchambuli.","The best known work of this thinker studied 68 individuals between the ages of nine and twenty on the island of Tau, many of whom later admitted to lying to her.","\"The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth\" was written by Derek Freeman to criticize this author, who posited that women in the title society had lots of casual sex before marriage.","For 10 points, name this anthropologist who wrote Sex and Temperament in Three Societies and Coming of Age in Samoa."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df83920c3a38102cd7573a.json b/tossups/3a/62df83920c3a38102cd7573a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..afbdead3728834d42428cc047a63cf1172bc8ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62df83920c3a38102cd7573a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,12.56],[12.68,16.44],[16.56,22.6],[22.72,29.4],[29.52,35.16]],"texts":["The protagonist of a novel by this author has a vision of Saint Francis transforming his wooden flower into a real one.","In that novel by this author, Helen loses her virginity to the law student Nat Pearl and is raped by the protagonist after he saves her from Ward Minogue.","In addition to writing a novel in which Frank Alpine works for a Jewish grocery,","this author created a character who accepts thirty five thousand dollars from Judge Banner in order to marry Memo Paris.","That character is shot by Harriet Bird after striking out the Whammer, and nearly leads the New York Knights to the pennant with his bat Wonderboy.","For 10 points, name this author of The Assistant who wrote about the baseball player Roy Hobbs in The Natural."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3a.json b/tossups/3a/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7b0f00242a1faf2a2cf1e16899f630b1b44ac4cb
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+++ b/tossups/3a/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.64],[3.76,9.72],[9.84,14.48],[14.6,24.08],[24.2,27.2],[27.32,33.52]],"texts":["The aconite plant was formed after this figure's saliva hit rocky ground.","In the Aeneid, the Cumaean Sybil threw this creature a cake laced with drugs, enabling Aeneas to visit Anchises.","Auxiliary features of this creature included a snake's tail and a mane of serpents.","King Eurystheus cowered inside a jar upon seeing this brother of Orthrus, who could not pierce the skin of the Nemean Lion, enabling the hero wearing that skin to subdue it with his bare hands.","The twelfth labor of Heracles was to capture this creature alive.","For 10 points, name this guardian of the underworld in Greek and Roman mythology, a dog usually depicted with three heads."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3783a.json b/tossups/3a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3783a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..43f140272c071322220a7f4f4487bcd00c867fe4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3783a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.72],[4.84,11.36],[11.48,20.96],[21.08,22.68],[22.8,30.04],[30.16,34.2]],"texts":["When her father goes off to Liverpool, this character asks him for a whip while her brother asks for a fiddle.","After announcing her planned marriage, this character describes a dream in which she wept upon reaching heaven and was cast out by angry angels.","While delirious, this character thinks that her bed is \"the fairy cave under Penistone crags\" that she visited with a character of whom she says, \"He's more myself than I am.\" After her death,","her ghost haunts Mister Lockwood.","This character's wildness becomes subdued when she goes to Thrushcross Grange and marries Edgar Linton, an act that bereaves the \"gipsy boy\" she grew up with.","For 10 points, name this love of Heathcliff from Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62df8ab610329be735a3403a.json b/tossups/3a/62df8ab610329be735a3403a.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62df8ab610329be735a3403a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,7.8],[7.92,12.24],[12.36,20.08],[20.2,25.88],[26.0,32.96]],"texts":["One of this state's national parks was home to a 1972 meteor that was caught on film.","This state's highest mountain is located in the Wild River range.","Two parks in this state are connected by the John D. Rockefeller, Junior Memorial Parkway.","This state includes the headwaters of the Snake River, and in 1995 the federal government controversially re-introduced wolves into this state.","This state is home to America's first National Monument, a massive igneous rock called Devil's Tower.","For 10 points, name this state that is home to such cities as Gillette, Casper, and Cody, and most of Yellowstone National Park."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e3a.json b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e3a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce063a5dbd618eb138392738538e760bfd539417
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,12.72],[12.84,15.64],[15.76,25.36],[25.48,31.12],[31.24,37.92],[38.04,41.56],[41.68,47.52]],"texts":["A tradition claims that this ruler beat his rival in an archery contest and embarrassed him by whipping his horses into festival tents.","This ruler exiled that rival of his to Kyushu after claiming he used black magic to attack the ex-emperor Kazan.","In order to celebrate his daughter's accession to empress,","he wrote a poem which declares \"like the full moon I shine uncovered by any cloud.\" This man's building of the Hojoji temple is described in the account of his reign, the Eigo Monogatari,","or \"Tale of Flowering Fortunes.\" His rule is also the focus of the historical tale Okagami, or the Great Mirror.","This man, who rose to the throne over his nephew Korechika, had his daughter, the Empress Shoshi, sent to live at Ichijo's harem.","That daughter of this emperor was tutored by Murasaki Shikibu.","For 10 points, name this man who ruled at the apex of the Heian era, the greatest ruler of the Fujiwara clan."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f3a.json b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f3a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2632a23cb512dcb0d3eb5a572024ba5122359f18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f3a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,12.4],[12.52,18.32],[18.44,26.08],[26.2,30.32],[30.44,35.16],[35.28,38.28]],"texts":["The first chapter of this novel is epistolary and recounts a love affair that devolves into \"telegrams and anger.\" This novel analogizes the lower classes as goblins pounding in the abyss while its protagonist and her sister listen to Beethoven's Fifth Symphony.","A character in this novel exiles herself to Germany after a bad tip forces her impoverished friend to quit his clerking job.","The protagonist of this novel refuses to break off an engagement to Henry after learning that he had an affair with Jacky and insists that he \"connect\" the incidents in his life.","A man in this novel pushes over a bookcase with a sword, giving Leonard Bast a heart attack.","In her dying hour, Ruth Wilcox signs over the deed to this novel's title estate to Margaret Schlegel.","For 10 points, name this novel by E.M. Forster."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9603a.json b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9603a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c12c34dc32966ee293b37dceb980a65109f9cc37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9603a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,11.8],[11.92,19.2],[19.32,27.72],[27.84,37.2],[37.32,40.24]],"texts":["Agnes Martin's paintings are almost exclusively canvases of these objects scaled to 6' and filled with varying grids.","In one work, a red one of these objects is stretched slightly to represent a peasant woman in two dimensions.","Much of Ellsworth Kelly's work consists of random arrangements of these objects made from colored paper, such as in his Spectrum of Colors Arranged by Chance.","While at Yale, one artist made hundreds of color-interaction studies by nesting these objects within each other; that series is Homage to these by Josef Albers.","Holding these shapes to be the \"first step of pure creation,\" Kazimir Malevich created a painting consisting entirely of a black one and showed a different one tilted slightly in White on White.","For 10 points, name these four-sided regular polygons."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613a.json b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613a.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ba5395e2ce64344d7c88130a77dba2ea2be4a29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613a.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.96],[5.08,9.48],[9.6,15.04],[15.16,23.12],[23.24,31.16]],"texts":["One character in this show uncovers a hidden cocaine stash after stepping on a board that hits him in the face.","Another character in this show wears a mask to hide her identity from her father in a brothel.","A soap opera that features within this TV show often mirrors plot points and is called \"Invitation to love\".","This TV show features a character that records messages for a woman called Diane and has a fondness for cherry pie and coffee; that man is Agent Cooper.","For 10 points name this surreal crime drama-cum-soap opera TV series which depicts the investigation of the death of schoolgirl Laura Palmer, a work by Mark Frost and David Lynch."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613a.opus b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613a.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/3a/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613a.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b3e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b3e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3885463f1c373a10200169cd6f43f139b03b60fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b3e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.08],[3.2,9.88],[10.0,13.64],[13.76,22.96],[23.08,26.52],[26.64,33.0],[33.12,36.44],[36.56,40.44]],"texts":["This island's Lake Akan is famous for its moss balls.","The country that controls this island claims that some nearby islands such as Iturup and Kunashir fall under this island's Nemuro subprefecture.","This island is the largest of its country's 47prefectures.","This island was the site of the 1972 Winter Olympics, which was held in a city that is much larger than its second and third largest cities; those other cities here are Asahikawa,","which is in its centre and Hakodate, which is in its south.","The Strait of La Perouse separates this island from Sakhalin Island in the north, and the Seikan Tunnel traverses the Sugaru Strait,","which separates this island on which the Ainu live from Honshu in the south.","For 10 points, name this northernmost of the four main islands of Japan."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c3e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c3e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2439ca504210d5892e50c091bcf0f507f71ecb4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c3e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,14.92],[15.04,23.64],[23.76,33.6],[33.72,36.2]],"texts":["One composer from this country was so impressed by the pianist Malats that he completed the last two books of a suite to showcase extreme virtuosity on the piano.","The first piece of that \"collection of 12 impressions\" is an A minor \"Evocation,\" and its composer also wrote a \"Prelude\" and \"Orientale\" to begin another work.","Another composer wrote \"Distant Dance\" as one of a set of nocturnes using folk music from this country, and he wrote the \"Dance of the Miller's Wife\" and the \"Dance of the Magistrate\" in one work,","while another includes the \"Ritual Fire Dance.\" For 10 points, name this country, home to Isaac Albeniz and the composer of Love the Magician and The Three-Cornered Hat, Manuel de Falla,","where a popular style of dance is flamenco."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d3e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d3e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c687c97382df767de151d51b3286da2a9faddf34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1d3e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.0],[3.12,12.2],[12.32,21.8],[21.92,26.92],[27.04,36.64],[36.76,43.92]],"texts":["This poet described, \"All pleasures and all pains...","These are the measures destined for her soul,\" after asking, \"What is divinity if it can come Only in silent shadows and in dreams?\" The speaker of that poem later wonders,","when \"their warm fields Return no more, where, then, is paradise?\" in a poem that repeats the line, \"Death is the mother of beauty.\" This author asked, \"Whose spirit is this? we said,","because we knew It was the spirit that we sought,\" before telling how \"She measured to the hour its solitude.","She was the single artificer of the world.\" This author called out to \"Ramon Fernandez\" in a poem beginning, \"She sang beyond the genius of the sea,\" and wrote \"Sunday Morning.\" For 10 points,","name this poet of \"The Idea of Order at Key West\" who wrote, \"Call the roller of big cigars,\" in \"The Emperor of Ice-Cream.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e3e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e3e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3695222e723cef67b10751001d4f9dc2c8bca19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e3e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,9.72],[9.84,16.28],[16.4,20.72],[20.84,25.04],[25.16,29.12],[29.24,34.08],[34.2,37.84]],"texts":["This type of data is the main input to an algorithm that uses Horner's rule to compute a decimal value denoted by lowercase p.","This is the type of data typically stored in a structure called a trie.","This type of data can be manipulated using an algorithm that avoids the need to calculate a transition function by using a prefix function.","A rolling hash function is calculated for this type of data in the Rabin-Karp algorithm.","A linear-time algorithm for data of this type is named for Knuth, Morris, and Pratt.","The \"grep\" command finds instances within them that match regular expressions.","You can concatenate or print data of this type, which are often constructed using double quotes.","For 10 points, name this data type that represents text."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a583e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a583e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fe0c9be09074a729a8d714baa4faf139cf1c946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a583e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,13.52],[13.64,20.96],[21.08,27.6],[27.72,33.16]],"texts":["The Lebor Gabala is titled for semi-legendary examples of these, which included one by the Milesians.","In 2007, the Danish government formally apologized for one of these events that had occurred centuries earlier and resulted in the founding of its target country's capital.","Roger Casement was hanged for assisting a German attempt at one of these, while another was led by Richard De Clare, more often known as Strongbow.","One of these events initiated by Oliver Cromwell ended in the deportation of several natives to Barbados and the massacre at Drogheda.","For ten points, name this type of event in which a country with capital Dublin was attacked by external forces."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae53e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae53e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aadcd648c84d74eb18423258dccd77ffed9dd669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae53e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,11.52],[11.64,15.8],[15.92,21.32],[21.44,27.72],[27.84,33.44],[33.56,39.96]],"texts":["An acetate salt of zinc and this element was used in the first-developed method for quantification of serum sodium levels.","The alkali metals, the ammonium cation, and this element form the only soluble carbonates.","Adding this element's oxide to glass makes it fluoresce green under UV light.","Formate and acetate salts of this element are frequently used as negative stains in electron microscopy.","This element's hexafluoride is vaporized for use in the gas diffusion and gas centrifugation methods for separating its isotopes.","The ore pitchblende is rich in this element, which is often delivered for chemical applications in its \"depleted\" form.","For 10 points, name this radioactive heavy metal whose 235 isotope undergoes nuclear fission."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae83e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae83e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99ab8ea5fb80247aca6be65c0bed3433e231883b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae83e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,14.96],[15.08,19.04],[19.16,24.72],[24.84,31.28],[31.4,38.28],[38.4,43.64]],"texts":["In computer architecture, components used in calculating this value include the Intel 8253 chip and the TSC register.","A protocol used for calculating this value sorts data into strata and then determines a final value using a modified Marzullo's Algorithm.","In Linux, the command ls -u will return data related to this value.","In C++, it is typical to use this value as a seed for the s-rand random number generator.","NASA believes that a malfunction in the computational process for determining this value caused the failure of its Deep Impact probe.","An overflow in calculating this value, which generally uses a baseline called the epoch, is associated with the Y2038 problem.","For 10 points, name this value which for many computers begins on January 1, 1970."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec3e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec3e.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.36],[8.48,16.6],[16.72,21.6],[21.72,29.96],[30.08,36.28],[36.4,41.6]],"texts":["The narrator of one of this author's stories ponders a word he compares to \"gnomon in the Euclid\" or \"simony in the Catechism\" upon hearing of another character's death.","Father Purdon's sermon comparing sins to verifying accounts ends that story by this author, in which Mister Kernan is taken to a retreat upon tripping down the stairs drunk.","The death of a character created by this author who frequents, the vaguely-named store Drapery,","causes the narrator to contemplate the word \"paralysis.\" The Morkan sisters invite Bartell D'Arcy to perform at the central event of another story by this author.","In that story by this author, the song \"The Lass of Aughrim\" was sung by Michael Furey when courting the wife of Gabriel Conroy.","For 10 points, name this author, who included \"Grace,\" \"The Sisters,\" and \"The Dead\" in Dubliners."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed3e.json b/tossups/3e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed3e.json
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.84],[8.96,22.2],[22.32,27.6],[27.72,32.4],[32.52,38.28]],"texts":["By studying a prison in Ionia, Michigan, Jonathan Metzl explains how this disease became associated with African Americans in the civil rights era in his 2010 book.","The \"limit\" of this disease is related to a characteristic malady in a book which also claims that the \"unconscious is a factory.\" The conception of a \"sluggishly progressing\" version of this condition was utilized by Andrei Snezhnevsky to discredit political opponents in the Soviet Union.","Risperidone and other antipsychotics are used to treat this disease which usually presents in early adulthood.","Symptoms of this disorder include a flat affect, agitated body movements and delusions.","For 10 points, patients may suffer hallucinations in what neurological disorder whose name comes from the Greek phrase for \"split mind?\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883e.json b/tossups/3e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73883e.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,11.12],[11.24,17.08],[17.2,23.32],[23.44,30.12],[30.24,38.12],[38.24,45.8]],"texts":["A minor character in this play talks by alternately sucking air in and blowing it out, which causes consternation when she blows out birthday candles.","Several characters in this play reminisce about drinking vile mustard soup.","Every scene in this play except the first and the last begins with a voiceover of a letter written by a traveling scrap metal worker.","A woman in this play marries a mentally-challenged movie usher named Johnny and borrows five thousand dollars to start a restaurant with him.","To pay for some pretzels, a protagonist of this play volunteers to carry a small black satchel for his uncle Louie, an ex-mobster.","In this play's opening scene, set in an apartment above a candy store, Eddie forbids Bella from making ice cream sundaes for his children, Jay and Arty.","For 10 points, name this Pulitzer-winning play about a dictatorial Jewish grandmother, written by Neil Simon and set in a namesake city in New York."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f3e.json b/tossups/3e/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f3e.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,14.68],[14.8,20.0],[20.12,23.92],[24.04,32.8],[32.92,35.88],[36.0,39.92]],"texts":["Manann'an is a 30 kilometer crater on it, from an impact that penetrated dark terrain to reveal brighter material.","A region consisting of hummocky terrain with blocks several kilometers across, known as the Conamara Chaos, suggests that its outer layer is only a few hundred meters thick in places.","For the most part, its surface has high albedo and is smooth, broken by lenticulae and lineae.","Relatively few craters suggest a surface younger than 50 million years.","Magnetometer measurements indicate its internal magnetic field changes over time, suggesting that it has a conducting layer, which may be a salty liquid ocean beneath its icy surface.","These measurements were carried out by the Galileo spacecraft.","For 10 points, what is this smallest of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7693e.json b/tossups/3e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7693e.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,10.92],[11.04,16.32],[16.44,25.48],[25.6,32.6]],"texts":["An uprising during person's reign saw rebels tear down fences and capture Norwich under Robert Kett.","The Duke of Somerset won a decisive victory at Pinkie Cleugh as part of a conflict stemming from a proposed marriage alliance to this person.","This king was heavily influenced by Thomas Cranmer, and his reign saw the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer.","A \"devise for the succession\" written by this person was part of the Duke of Northumberland's attempt to enthrone Lady Jane Grey after this ruler died of tuberculosis at age fifteen.","His pro-Protestant policies were reversed by his half-sister Mary I. For 10 points, name this short-lived successor to Henry VIII."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,8.48],[8.6,15.36],[15.48,21.48],[21.6,29.32],[29.44,35.0]],"texts":["Clerical involvement in this era was criticized in books like Backwards Christ.","Norman Bailey claimed an intimidation tactic in this era was to replace fetuses with roosters.","One phase of this period saw a decree repeal the 1930 labor laws and tacit government endorsement of violence against Protestant churches.","The chaos of this period led to one group forming the Marquetalia Republic after it was ended by a sixteen-year power-sharing agreement.","The assassination of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan sparked its earliest phase, the Bogotazo, and tens of thousands died in liberal-conservative clashes.","For 10 points, name this 1948 to 1964 informal conflict that destroyed Colombian society."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.28],[7.4,13.36],[13.48,17.0],[17.12,22.56],[22.68,27.96],[28.08,32.28]],"texts":["An example of this functionality used in buffers includes a methyl group trisubstituted with hydroxymethyl units and is commonly called \"tris\".","The APUD system is used to create biogenic types of these compounds, which include substance P and epinephrine.","A test for these compounds performed with sulfonyl chloride is named for Hinsberg.","The exhaustive methylation of this functionality results in an elimination reaction and is named for Hofmann.","Aromatic examples of this functional group include aniline, and alkyl versions often smell like fish.","For 10 points, name this functionality that features three single bonds from nitrogen."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd7583e.json b/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd7583e.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,12.12],[12.24,17.64],[17.76,24.52],[24.64,30.12]],"texts":["The far left of this painting is dominated by the profile of a man wearing a top hat, whose face is framed by one of the two windows at left that light the scene.","Its artist's signature can be seen in the lower right, written on a crate that supports a black hat.","Four people are in the foreground, and directly behind them is a group of men wearing black top hats with their backs facing the viewer.","From right to left, the foreground of this painting depicts a young child sleeping, an old woman carrying a basket, and a young woman breastfeeding her baby.","For 10 points, name this painting that depicts the huddled poor masses on a train, a work by Honore Daumier."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd7583e.opus b/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd7583e.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3e.json b/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3e.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,14.0],[14.12,22.44],[22.56,27.28]],"texts":["This pope issued a bull that forbade Latin clergy to ordain Greek clergy or pray with Greek clergy and in Greek churches.","He reopened the Fifth Lateran Council in order to complete the Pisan schism, and he formed alliances with both Francis I and Ferdinand II.","He summoned a certain Protestant theologian to appear before the papal court, and he radically increased the sale of indulgences to raise funds for a new Saint Peter's Basilica.","For 10 points, name this pope who objected to Martin Luther posting his 95 Theses."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3e.opus b/tossups/3e/62df83920c3a38102cd75a3e.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3783e.json b/tossups/3e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3783e.json
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,13.36],[13.48,23.52],[23.64,33.76],[33.88,37.48]],"texts":["One poem by this poet describes a creature who \"thinks the moon is a small hole at the top of the sky\" and who may give you his tear,","\"cool as from underground springs and pure enough to drink.\" Another of her poems describes the explosion of one of the \"frail,","illegal fire balloons\" and concludes with the image of a \"weak mailed fist clenched ignorant against the sky.\" In one of her poems, an almanac says, \"Time to plant tears,\" as the grandmother sings.","This poet of \"The Man-Moth\" and \"The Armadillo\" recalls, \"some realms I owned, two rivers, a continent\" in a villanelle beginning, \"The art of losing isn't hard to master.\" For 10 points,","identify this American poet of \"Sestina\" and \"One Art.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3793e.json b/tossups/3e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3793e.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,11.68],[11.8,20.04],[20.16,26.48],[26.6,35.76]],"texts":["Luigi Pasinetti created a fifteen-equation mathematical model of this economist's views.","He noted that taxation of land rents would be the only kind of tax actually paid by property owners and not passed on to tenants or consumers.","This economist influenced the author of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities, Piero Sraffa, who was a member of the \"Neo-\" school of this economist.","This economist gave an example involving wine and cloth production in England and Portugal to explain one famous theory.","For 10 points, identify this economist, the author of Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, and formulator of the theory of comparative advantage and law of diminishing returns."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df8ab610329be735a33e3e.json b/tossups/3e/62df8ab610329be735a33e3e.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.16],[9.28,13.48],[13.6,14.72],[14.84,24.52],[24.64,28.12],[28.24,33.4]],"texts":["Allen Ginsberg and Lawrence Ferlinghetti translated poems such as \"The Individual's Soliloquy\" by one of this country's \"anti-poets.\" That man, Nicanor Parra,","praised Alonso de Ercilla's epic poem about this country, La Araucana.","The lines,","\"no hand will reach into the obscure death to argue with me over your handful of bones,\" end the first poem of a collection by a poet from this country inspired by the suicide of Romelio Ureta.","This country was home to the poet of Sonnets of Death and Desolacion.","For 10 points, name this country home to Gabriela Mistral, as well as Pablo Neruda."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62df8ab610329be735a3403e.json b/tossups/3e/62df8ab610329be735a3403e.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,12.64],[12.76,16.12],[16.24,22.0],[22.12,30.36]],"texts":["Peter Pazmany's writings defending this movement helped to develop the literary language of Hungary.","The efforts of this movement were supported by Carlo Borromeo and prolific pamphleteer Francis de Sales, and Thomas Cajetan's Theatines became leading members of this movement.","This movement brought about a crackdown on nudity in art.","This movement resulted in the creation of the Roman Inquisition and in support for sects like the Carmelites and Jesuits.","For 10 points, name this movement kicked off by the Council of Trent that was a set of internal reforms undertaken by the Catholic Church in opposition to the separatism of Martin Luther."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9563e.json b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9563e.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9563e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,13.24],[13.36,15.96],[16.08,24.32],[24.44,28.48],[28.6,36.64],[36.76,42.6],[42.72,48.28]],"texts":["This man used the motto \"bona conscientia paradisus,\" or \"a good conscience is paradise,\" and early on he was opposed by his colleague Petrus Plancius,","who responded to this man's analysis of Romans 9 by accusing him of endorsing Pelagianism.","He delivered a set of speeches to the High Council,","published in his treatise \"Declaration of Sentiments,\" in which he suggested several revisions to the Heidelberg Catechism and denounced the doctrine of supra-lapsarianism,","as part of his feud with his fellow divinity professor Franciscus Gomarus.","He died shortly afer those speeches, but 43 of his supporters including Simon Episcopius signed a document known as the Five Articles of the Remonstrance.","Despite their efort, this man's teaching was condemned by a set of 93 canonical rules adopted at the Synod of Dort.","For 10 points, name this Dutch theologian who took his family name from the victor at the Battle of Teutoburg Forest."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d3e.json b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d3e.json
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,12.6],[12.72,32.88],[33.0,43.48],[43.6,48.96]],"texts":["A tenor in this piece urges himself to remain patient while accompanied by contrasting calm legato notes and agitated dotted rhythms in the aria \"Geduld,","Geduld.\" This piece uses the oboe da caccia to accompany tragic moments,","such as the recitative \"O Schmerz.\" It begins with a turba in 12/8 time that becomes a call and response between two antiphonal choruses before a children's choir joins in to sing the hymn \"O Lamm Gottes.\" This choral work features five chorales based on the hymn \"O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden,\" as well as the aria \"Erbarme dich,\" a lament sung by Peter.","The Vox Christi in this work is accompanied by sustained strings until the words \"Eli eli lama sabacthani.\" In 1829, its composer's reputation was revived when it was conducted by Felix Mendelssohn.","For 10 points, name this choral work by Johann Sebastian Bach set to the first book of the New Testament."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e3e.json b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e3e.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,14.28],[14.4,22.4],[22.52,28.24],[28.36,31.72],[31.84,37.72],[37.84,41.32],[41.44,49.88]],"texts":["An extreme faction of this group, including men such as David Hackston and Donald Cargill, published a pamphlet called the Informatory Vindication.","Their numbers included the teenager Margaret Wilson, who became one of the \"Wigtown Martyrs\" after she and an elderly woman also named Margaret were put to death by drowning.","A faction of this movement known as the \"Society Men\" issued the Sanquhar Declaration, under the leadership of Richard Cameron and later James Renwick.","Robert Woodrow coined the term for a period of suffering undergone by members of this group who refused to take the Oath of Abjuration,","or were accused of participating in the rebellion at Bothwell Bridge.","That period of their suffering is called the \"killing time.\" Another leader of this movement, Alexander Henderson,","wrote a document which allied this group with Parliament during the English Civil War.","For 10 points, name this group of Scottish Presbyterians who agreed to form a \"Solemn League\" in 1643, and were named for the pact in which they pledged to uphold their religion."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f3e.json b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f3e.json
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc55403d866f24d925b8c47237f18b2bfa049e64
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.48],[5.6,12.28],[12.4,19.04],[19.16,28.2],[28.32,33.64],[33.76,37.64]],"texts":["A member of this family forced magistrates of a captured city to draw a fig from a donkey's anus with their teeth.","Another ruler from this family issued a legal code for an island in the Constitutions of Melfi, and signed a peace with Al-Kamil for control of Jerusalem.","The founder of this dynasty, which succeeded the House of Supplinburg, faced a sacred war wagon called the Carroccio in one battle.","That founder suppressed the Commune of Rome and its leader Arnold of Brescia, beat the Seljuks at the battle of Iconium, and held the Diet of Roncaglia after losing at Legnano to the Lombard League.","This dynasty's founder went with Richard I and Philip II on the Third Crusade, but drowned in the Saleph River.","For 10 points, name this German dynasty begun by Frederick Barbarossa."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9603e.json b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9603e.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,14.68],[14.8,17.84],[17.96,21.88],[22.0,31.48],[31.6,37.04]],"texts":["Part of this structure is absent in a syndrome that can cause mega cisterna magna, and which is named for Dandy and Walker.","This structure contains the fastigial, globose, emboliform, and dentate nuclei, which are collectively called its namesake \"deep nuclei\" and are located in the arbor vitae.","Marr and Albus proposed theories of this structure's function.","This structure includes a narrow medial tissue called its namesake vermis.","Inputs in this structure diverge to stimulate a huge number of namesake granule cells, then converge to stimulate a much smaller number of Purkinje cells, which are among the largest neurons.","For 10 points, name this portion of the brain involved in balance and motor skills, which is located under the cerebrum."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613e.json b/tossups/3e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9613e.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.08],[3.2,12.32],[12.44,18.32],[18.44,26.36]],"texts":["One side's plans for this battle were made at Mellifont Abbey.","Most of the battle was contested over a small ford near the hamlet of Oldbridge, resulting in victory for the forces of the League of Augsburg, whose army contained many Danish and Huguenot troops.","The Duke of Schomberg was killed during this battle, which took place exactly one year before the decisive battle of its conflict at Aughrim.","For 10 points, name this most recent battle fought between two men crowned Kings of England, a 1690 showdown between William III and James II."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,13.16],[13.28,18.28],[18.4,22.28],[22.4,29.2],[29.32,33.28],[33.4,36.92]],"texts":["A version of this protein consists of a hexamer stabilized by a seventh phenol group, shifting it to a higher isoelectric point.","This protein's action is controlled by binding to SUR, part of an inward-rectifier potassium channel, which is targeted by sulfonylureas.","The liver produces a growth factor that is \"like\" this hormone, in response to growth hormone.","This hormone is added to a treatment regimen if metformin alone is not effective.","This primary anabolic hormone, which opposes the effects of glucagon, is produced after meals to make tissues take up glucose.","It stimulates the synthesis of glycogen and prevents gluconeogenesis.","For 10 points, name this hormone that is deficient in people with diabetes."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a874f.json b/tossups/4f/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a874f.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/4f/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a874f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.52],[1.64,10.4],[10.52,16.4],[16.52,25.36],[25.48,28.2],[28.32,34.08],[34.2,39.88],[40.0,44.08]],"texts":["In a story by this author,","the aspiring novelist of The Chelsea Set is so engrossed in talk with her fiancee that she ignores the title figures who speak an \"incomprehensible tongue\" while eating a fish dinner at Bentley's.","A character created by this author maintains a \"brooding silence\" for an entire summer with a group of boys who laugh at his name,","so that character goes by the initial \"T.\" This author of \"The Invisible Japanese Gentlemen\" wrote a story in which \"Old Misery\" is targeted by the Wormsley Common Gang,","who plan to blow up his house in the aftermath of the Blitz.","Spicer, Dallow, and Cubit are members of another gang created by this author whose leader is hunted by Ida Arnold.","This author of \"The Destructors\" used the name of a candy to title his novel about Pinkie Brown.","For 10 points, name this author of Brighton Rock and The Power and the Glory."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae74f.json b/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae74f.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae74f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,10.32],[10.44,16.84],[16.96,24.2],[24.32,28.16],[28.28,36.0],[36.12,42.52]],"texts":["The Gateway these compounds-MAPS is an NIH-sponsored database for genomic and structural data on these compounds.","The Hansch pi coefficient measures solubility in solutions of these compounds.","Free radicals steal electrons from these compounds to produce aldehydes like MDA in a reaction measured using the TBARS assay.","A microdomain of these compounds is isolated based on their resistance to detergents like Triton X-100, and is their namesake raft.","PIP2 is one of these compounds modified to act as a signaling molecule.","That class of these compounds consists of two hydrophobic \"tails\" and a phosphate group \"head\", and adopt a bilayered structure in the cell membrane.","For 10 points, name these macromolecules defined by their solubility in nonpolar solvents, which include steroids."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae94f.json b/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae94f.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae94f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.92],[6.04,10.48],[10.6,16.24],[16.36,21.64],[21.76,28.88],[29.0,35.0]],"texts":["At a military symposium in this decade, women were sexually harassed while walking through a \"gauntlet\" in the Las Vegas Hilton.","During this decade, Defense Secretary Les Aspin resigned partly due to the Tailhook Scandal.","Surgeon General Jocelyn Elders was fired during this decade for encouraging education about masturbation.","Kathleen Willey reportedly exited the Oval Office in a \"disheveled\" state according to testimony from Linda Tripp in this decade.","During this decade, the suicide of Vince Foster was investigated by Kenneth Starr, who also investigated the Whitewater Development Corporation.","For 10 points, name this decade, during which the president claimed he \"did not have sexual relations\" with Monica Lewinsky."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec4f.json b/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec4f.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/4f/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a4f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,13.24],[13.36,18.24],[18.36,22.88],[23.0,28.0],[28.12,36.56],[36.68,38.08],[38.2,44.88]],"texts":["The Elwert-Haug formula applies when the product of the fine structure constant and this quantity is much less than 1.","The Born approximation for bremsstrahlung is valid when the relativistic beta of the electron is much larger than this quantity times the fine structure constant.","The Bethe-Bloch formula can be improved by adding a Barkas term proportional to the 3rd power of this quantity.","The cross-sections of pair production and bremsstrahlung vary with the square of this quantity.","The linear attenuation coefficient of a material depends on the density and this quantity of the material.","Because the rate of the photoelectric effect varies sharply with this quantity, gamma ray absorbers are typically made from materials with high values for this quantity, such as lead,","where it equals 82.","This quantity is symbolized Z. For 10 points, give this term for the sum of the number of protons in a nucleus."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b4f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..343d2d489e4d8b6c84869ab235de095777b021a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738b4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.88],[8.0,15.88],[16.0,22.24],[22.36,31.48],[31.6,39.64],[39.76,43.12]],"texts":["Claude Levi-Strauss's The Jealous Potter describes an Ecuadorian myth in which one of these deities was created when Kumpara spat mud on his son Etsa.","The Inca threw weapons and made loud noises to chase a predator away from a deity with this role, who was also believed to have loved a fox that she accidentally squeezed to death.","This is the domain of a goddess who once roused the Centzon Huitznauhtin, her four hundred brothers, in an effort to kill their mother.","A god who was often depicted with the wings of a butterfly and a white shell on his back was assigned this domain after proving too cowardly to leap into flames and having a rabbit thrown in his face.","The Incan goddess Mama Killa and the Aztec deities Coyolxauhqui and Tecciztecatl represented this domain, while a Greek goddess of it fell in love with Endymion.","For 10 points, give this domain of Selene in Greek myth."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f4f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..09817822996a1077f0281d9d75cfe815f9379388
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,14.24],[14.36,24.48],[24.6,30.92],[31.04,39.4],[39.52,44.52]],"texts":["Romare Bearden's painting Blue is the Smoke of War, White the Bones of Men is named for a poem by this author.","This poet asked \"When shall I reach the top and hold all mountains in a single glance?\" in his poem \"A View of Taishan.\" In another of this author's poems,","a soldier asserts that \"the frontier posts run with enough blood to fill an ocean and the war-loving Emperor's dreams of conquest have still not ended\" after Xian-yang bridge is covered with dust kicked up by the title objects,","which \"rumble and rattle.\" In his home country, this author is known by the epithets Shisheng and Shishi,","which translate to \"sage poet\" and \"poet historian.\" He wrote war poems such as \"A Song of Chariots\" after being captured by rebels during the An Lu-Shan rebellion.","For 10 points, name this Confucian Tang Dynasty poet who wrote many poems about his friend Li Po."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e040804f.json b/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e040804f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e040804f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.84],[5.96,11.64],[11.76,20.04],[20.16,28.44],[28.56,37.8],[37.92,44.44]],"texts":["This composer's third Symphony opens with an impressive array of gongs and cymbals into a staggered bass accompaniment.","This composer of two String Quartets also created a piece for two pianos titled Synthetic Waltzes.","His critical writing was collected in such volumes as The Musical Scene and he composed film scores for such works as The River and The Plow that Broke the Plain.","He included a tango and recurring references to the Song \"The Bear Went Over the Mountain\" in the ballet Filling Station and spent more than 30 years composing his Portraits for piano.","Still another work by this composer of Symphony on a Hymn Tune opens at Avila Cathedral and includes the song \"Pigeons on the Grass Alas,\" as sung by Saint Ignatius of Loyola.","For 10 points, identify this American composer who collaborated with Gertrude Stein on The Mother of Us All and Four Saints in Three Acts."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e040814f.json b/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e040814f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df3ddba2602b93e040814f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.48],[8.6,15.16],[15.28,21.64],[21.76,28.92],[29.04,35.2],[35.32,40.2]],"texts":["Important primary sources about the conflict to take this location include the diary of Will Tummard and letters exchanged between members of the Lord family, residents of this place.","An earlier attempt to take it saw Thomas Craven forced to turn back by mechanical breakdowns while Young's Point and Helena were used as staging grounds.","To support the attack Nathaniel Banks struck to the south and, after the Battle of Plains Store, began a siege of Port Hudson.","Commanders inside this city included William Loring, who lost earlier at Champion Hill, and Martin L. Smith who was actually a New Yorker.","Assaults on it ordered by Grant were all repulsed, but John C. Pemberton ultimately surrendered this city after 47 days.","For 10 points, identify this Mississippi city besieged by the Union during the Civil War."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a4f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.88],[8.0,17.6],[17.72,22.6],[22.72,31.0],[31.12,34.48],[34.6,39.36]],"texts":["Alain Chartier denounced an institution founded in this region for naming itself after a pagan object, which was re-identified with an item owned by Gideon.","This region got its name from barbarians led by Godomar and Gundobad, the latter of whom issued its namesake law code in the 5th century CE, and it organized the Order of the Golden Fleece.","One leader of this region put his brother Charles, duke of Berry, in charge of the League of the Public Weal.","This duchy's power faded at Nancy in 1477, when Charles the Bold died in battle against forces of the \"Spider-King,\" Louis XI.","At its height, this duchy claimed land as far north as Flanders.","For 10 points, name this historical region of eastern France that produces dark red wine."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b4f.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.48],[8.6,12.44],[12.56,17.8],[17.92,22.56],[22.68,27.64],[27.76,34.12]],"texts":["This president founded Arienespace and replaced his prime minister with Pierre Messmer due to opposition to the \"New Society.\" As prime minister,","this man negotiated an end to a student crisis at the Grenelle conference.","This man was sent to conduct secret negotiations with the FLN in Algeria in 1961.","He convinced de Gaulle to adopt key reforms that diffused the student strikes of 1968.","He is the namesake of a center for the arts designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rodgers.","For 10 points, name this successor to de Gaulle and Prime Minister of France from 1969 until 1974."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df8012e66cc66ca571d04f.json b/tossups/4f/62df8012e66cc66ca571d04f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a276c77f913a84a1470a0f9e1fa2a7ed5abceca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df8012e66cc66ca571d04f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.24],[4.36,8.0],[8.12,11.88],[12.0,21.32],[21.44,23.52],[23.64,30.56]],"texts":["Higher-order examples of these entities are described by Zernike polynomials.","Two finite transverse ones can be calculated using the Aldis theorem.","The magnitude of one of these entities is proportional to one over the Abbe number.","The five Seidel ones arise from a third-order approximation of the sine function in Snell's Law and include a type caused by the inability of a lens to focus parallel light rays to a single point,","as well as astigmatism and coma.","For 10 points, name these distortions in optical images caused by limitations of lenses, types of which include chromatic and spherical."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df8012e66cc66ca571d14f.json b/tossups/4f/62df8012e66cc66ca571d14f.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.92],[10.04,17.12],[17.24,31.68],[31.8,35.88]],"texts":["One spectator claims he saw the corpse of a young woman shudder when this character bent over her coffin and another man says he saw this character walking hand-in-hand with the woman's spirit during her funeral procession.","This character is appointed to carryout a task by Governor Belcher's administration, and he spills wine on the carpet at a wedding after seeing himself in a mirror.","On his deathbed Mister Clark of Westbury tries to pressure him to perform a task that leads him to yells \"Why do you tremble at me alone?\" This inhabitant of Milford and fiancee of Elizabeth has a notable feature that is described as a \"type and a symbol\" and that \"no mortal eye will see it withdrawn.\" For 10 points,","name this character who wears a black veil in a story by Nathaniel Hawthorne."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df83920c3a38102cd7584f.json b/tossups/4f/62df83920c3a38102cd7584f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.4],[4.52,10.72],[10.84,20.04],[20.16,26.92]],"texts":["For a two-body system under a force of this kind, the Runge-Lenz vector is exactly conserved.","According to Bertrand's theorem, among central forces, these are the only decaying ones that admit stable, closed orbits.","Conservative forces of this type correspond to potentials that fall off directly with distance because taking the gradient of such a potential yields a radial vector with this dependence on radius.","For 10 points, name this type of force that decreases with a certain power of distance, as exemplified by gravity and electromagnetism."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df83920c3a38102cd7584f.opus b/tossups/4f/62df83920c3a38102cd7584f.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df83920c3a38102cd7594f.json b/tossups/4f/62df83920c3a38102cd7594f.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,11.76],[11.88,19.24],[19.36,26.72],[26.84,32.8],[32.92,38.16]],"texts":["One document in support of this cause stated that \"unfortunately,","the overworked term 'genocide' is applicable\" and led to the recall of the Foreign Service employee who wrote that dissent-channel communique, Archer Blood.","This goal was opposed by the militias Razarkars and al-Shams, and its achivement led to the displacement into refugee status of many Bihari speakers.","This goal was advanced by the militant Freedom Force, which was enraged that Yahya Khan had asked Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to become prime minister.","Politically, it was advocated by the Awami League, whose leader Mujibur Rahman became president after this cause was won.","For 10 points, identify this goal which was achieved in 1971 when a new country broke off from Pakistan."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3774f.json b/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3774f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef2510ae8a1540f9ec3b9a6bcb02ddf1b875ce30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3774f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,12.52],[12.64,16.32],[16.44,21.0],[21.12,25.8],[25.92,29.2],[29.32,33.12],[33.24,36.84]],"texts":["According to Saxo Grammaticus, this god was killed by the magic sword of a rival suitor who had stolen the food that was his source of power.","In a riddle contest, this deity's father asked his rival what he had once whispered in this figure's ear.","This figure is the father of another deity who ruled at Glitnir.","This father of Forseti met his fate when the giantess Thokk refused a request from Hermod.","Based out of the beautiful hall Breidablik, this god was burned on his ship Hringhorni.","This figure was married to Nanna and was ultimately slain by the blind Hoder.","His mother, Frigg, made all but one object in the world vow to never harm him.","For 10 points, name this Norse god who was killed by mistletoe."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3794f.json b/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3794f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfa0036eda80464cda50fd267afab1366913061d
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,13.24],[13.36,19.24],[19.36,25.92],[26.04,30.2],[30.32,33.64]],"texts":["This work praises bees as an example of an animal that has learned no more than what they were taught by nature.","After attacking the pursuit of happiness by Christians as a type of madness, this book states that there will be no epilogue, as the author hates a man who remembers what he hears.","This work is prefaced with a letter defending the right to criticize other men, written to a friend who himself was later executed.","The title character of this work claims to be the offspring of Plutus, the god of wealth, and a beautiful nymph called Youth.","This work was written while the author was at the residence of his close friend Sir Thomas More.","For 10 points, name this 1509 text by Erasmus."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a4f.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,14.24],[14.36,22.72],[22.84,28.72],[28.84,32.72]],"texts":["In Luchino Visconti's The Damned, Martin recreates one of this actress's performances in drag at his grandfather's birthday party.","In a famous shot of this actress, the light falls on her fingers touching her chin and her upturned face as the rest of her body is shrouded in darkness.","This star of Shanghai Express and Blonde Venus sings and lifts her knee while sitting on a barrel wearing a shiny top hat and dark stockings in her iconic role.","This actress played Lola in The Blue Angel, the first of her seven films directed by Josef von Sternberg.","For 10 points, name this classical Hollywood star, a native of Germany."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df8ab610329be735a33e4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df8ab610329be735a33e4f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ff9e7eae6e35489583df292d6444b5664f7aec7
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.76],[8.88,17.6],[17.72,22.92],[23.04,29.28],[29.4,34.24]],"texts":["One of this author's title characters leaves the management of her estate to Ivy Peters while she has an affair with Frank Ellinger, much to the dismay of the narrator, Niel Herbert.","Another of this author's protagonists falls in love with Fred Ottenburg while on a trip to the pueblos in Flagstaff, Arizona after taking music lessons with Harsanyi.","This author of A Lost Lady wrote about Doctor Archie in a novel centering on an opera singer from Moonstone.","In another of her novels, the narrator flirts with Lena Lingard and impresses the future lover of Larry Donovan, a member of the Shimerda family.","For 10 points, name this author of The Song of the Lark and My Antonia."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/4f/62df8ab610329be735a33f4f.json b/tossups/4f/62df8ab610329be735a33f4f.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.8],[6.92,12.56],[12.68,20.68],[20.8,25.2],[25.32,31.16],[31.28,35.12]],"texts":["Modern performers of one of this man's sonatas play really high to compensate for the lack of the extra strings on the title extinct instrument.","This composer predominantly used wind instruments to score a liturgical work based on poems by Johann Philipp Neumann.","This composer of the Arpeggione Sonata and the German Mass gave his ninth symphony a majestic nickname to distinguish it from his sixth in the same key.","This composer's rendition of \"Ellen's Third Song\" is often published as Ave Maria.","He may have taken the B-minor entr'acte for his incidental music to Rosamunde from the finale of a work with two complete movements.","For 10 points, name this German composer of the Unfinished Symphony."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9564f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9564f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bd58e95991d641f3e389113b269d61d0f4ea1178
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+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9564f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.6],[7.72,12.44],[12.56,21.24],[21.36,22.76],[22.88,30.48],[30.6,38.28],[38.4,44.44],[44.56,50.88]],"texts":["One character in this play tells a story about men pleading with Jupiter that Phoebus be gelded, for if the sun had children 4 the world would grow too hot.","Another anecdote in this play describes a crocodile that tries to eat the bird that cured it of a tooth-worm.","One character in this play relates a dream in which her husband accuses her of trying to uproot a yew tree and attempts to bury her alive, until a whirlwind blows a branch of the yew tree,","striking and killing him.","In this play, one character is tried for the murder of her husband, who died in a staged horse-vaulting accident, and is sentenced to live in a home for penitent whores.","In this play, Cornelia mourns for her son Marcello, who is killed by his brother, and, in the guise of a monk, Ludovico fnishes of a man whose helmet he had poisoned.","Flamineo aids Brachiano in killing Isabella, so that he may pursue an adulterous afair with its title character.","For 10 points, the murderous noblewoman Vittoria Corombona is the title character of what revenge tragedy by John Webster?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9574f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9574f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6be42e021b501169f4e9cb24f12e4319a9ab7cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9574f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,36.92],[37.04,43.8],[43.92,49.44],[49.56,56.12]],"texts":["A work written by this scholar jointly with Rafael Nunez argues against philosophy's obsession with the \"romance of math-ematics,\" and is titled Where Mathematics Comes From.","One work by this scholar argues that its title concepts are rooted in \"multidimensional structures organize experience into structured wholes,\" called \"experiential gestalts.\" Another work by this scholar argues that knowledge is organized by means of \"idealized cognitive models,\" and that the by-products of that organization give rise to \"prototype efects.\" This social scientist collaborated with Mark Johnson on a book examin-ing phrases like \"argument is war\" to show how fgures of speech shape the way people conceptualize phenomena,","and argued that the \"strict father\" and \"nurturing parent\" characterize conservative and liberal approaches to the title practice in his Moral Politics.","Another of his books is titled for three objects contained in the balan category of the Dyirbal people of Australia.","For 10 points, name this cognitive linguist who authored Metaphors We Live By and Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9584f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9584f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f94c6b615a08663a68fe2c45bd7e84c04139ff7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9584f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,18.36],[18.48,25.16],[25.28,34.76],[34.88,39.68],[39.8,49.52],[49.64,55.44]],"texts":["One of this author's poems ends with the couplet \"Only sound needs echo and dreads its lack A glance is accustomed to no glance back.\" The speaker of one poem by this author sees \"wild mares carousing in tall sedge,\" \"steam dreadnoughts or cruisers,\" and the \"expanse growing blue like lace underwear\" as he travels eastward on a globe.","This poet parodied the opening of Auden's \"In Memory of W.B. Yeats\" by starting an elegy with the line \"He died in January,","the beginning of the year.\" This poet asked \"what is space anyway if not the body's absence at every given point?\" in a poem explaining that the title woman is older than her sister Clio.","This poet wrote \"Verses on the Death of T.S. Eliot\" and the collection To Urania.","Sartre, Yevtushenko, and his mentor Anna Akhmatova succeeded in forcing the commutation of this poet's imprisonment in Siberia for \"social parasitism.\" For 10 points,","name this author of \"Elegy for John Donne,\" who served as the U.S. Poet Laureate afer emigrating from Russia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9594f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9594f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a8e6fcbe952def1b7736c25887d7b55c06c4eae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9594f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.6],[4.72,12.84],[12.96,18.64],[18.76,27.28],[27.4,33.72],[33.84,43.32],[43.44,44.88],[45.0,52.04]],"texts":["A two-phase model of this phenomenon was proposed by Field, Goldsmith, and Habing;","that model was extended to a three-phase model by McKee and Ostriker with the discovery that this phenomenon also included a hot component with temperatures around 10 to the 6th Kelvin.","Gamma ray signals from the decay of aluminum-26 are the most important probes of radioactivity in this material.","Structure formation in this material is driven primarily by Jeans collapse and shocks to this material caused by ejecta result in the formation of Herbig-Haro objects.","The primary radio signal from this material is the 21-centimeter line produced by hyperfne transitions in its main constituent.","The solar wind's termination shock demarcates the boundary between the heliosphere and the region of space occupied by this material, which mostly comprises neutral hy-drogen, HII clouds,","and dust grains.","For 10 points, identify this matter dispersed throughout the Milky Way which permeates the space between objects like the Sun and Alpha Centauri."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a4f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a4f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97ffdaf97db872d1b541c85ea34f5e36a8f8c28b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,14.44],[14.56,19.64],[19.76,27.6],[27.72,36.44],[36.56,45.56],[45.68,50.16]],"texts":["A character in this novel feels a sense of \"communion\" after realizing that millions of people before him had \"polished the wood\" of a subway turnstile with their hip.","This novel's protagonist kills time at a trial in which a clerk at the Montcalme testifies about a woman killing her son by throwing him into a wall.","A character in this novel gets mentioned in the newspaper for giving mouth-to-mouth to his tubercular pet monkey Rocco.","A car accident in this novel results in the protagonist being jailed after police officers find that he's carrying his dead father's revolver loaded with two bullets.","Its protagonist refers to various people, including his lawyers Simkin and Himmelstein, as \"reality instructors\", and obsesses over the value of low-grade \"potato love\".","That protagonist plots to \"rescue\" his daughter Junie from his ex-wife Madeleine, who ran off with his friend Valentine Gersbach, and spends much of this novel mentally writing letters to people.","For 10 points, name this Saul Bellow novel about a former academic named Moses."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b4f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b4f.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c4f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c4f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c4f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.68],[8.8,13.0],[13.12,19.76],[19.88,27.16],[27.28,33.52],[33.64,40.36],[40.48,45.0],[45.12,51.64]],"texts":["A poem written in this language begins in italics with the line, \"Ladies and Gentlemen, let me introduce you to... the thin man with the green sweater.\" That poem in this language,","\"Menace of the Sick\", was included in the collection The Iron Cow Must Sweat.","Though it was notated in Arabic script, Abu Bakr Effendi's \"Exposition of the Religion\" was written in this language.","A novel written in this language is about a family whose patriarch has an affair with Ma Rose; one of that man's sons is killed in a revolt by the slave Galant.","The murders of Jonathan and Gordon Ngubene by the Special Branch are investigated by Ben du Toit in a novel in this language.","The author of The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist wrote a lot of poetry in this language, and before their translation into English,","the novels A Chain of Voices and A Dry White Season were written in this language.","For 10 points, name this non-English language used by members of \"The Sestigers,\" including Breyten Breytenbach and Andre Brink."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d4f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d4f.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fd5d5c1b882b06144d8698b35725f719daaf540a
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.08],[6.2,13.64],[13.76,16.2],[16.32,23.56],[23.68,32.48],[32.6,40.4]],"texts":["This event was set in motion by the February printing of a false announcement in the New Times, which was edited by John Stoddart,","known as \"Doctor Slop.\" Those eventually tried for their participation include John Thomas Brunt and a Jamaican-born cabinet maker, William Davidson,","who was part of the Marylebone Union Reading Society.","Its supporters were inspired by the author of works like Rights of Infants and End of Oppression, who advocated a plan including public ownership of land.","This incident, broken up by George Ruthven and magistrate Richard Birnie, was precipitated by the passage of the Six Acts and was led by Arthur Thistlewood, a member of the Spenceans.","For 10 points, identify this 1820 conspiracy to overthrow the British government by killing various cabinet ministers named for a meeting place in London."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9624f.json b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9624f.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9624f.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.48],[6.6,16.04],[16.16,25.72],[25.84,30.92]],"texts":["After centuries of ruin, the castle at this location was redesigned by Edwin Lutyens as a country estate for Henry Hudson.","This location was the site of what was described as in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as \"fiery dragons flying across the firmament,\" thought to be the first Viking attack upon the British Isles.","A community of Irish priests from Iona invited by King Oswald was responsible for producing the religious text most closely associated with this location, a series of ornately decorated gospels.","For 10 points, identify this island off the northeast coast of England also called \"Holy Island.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/4f/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9624f.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b5e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b5e.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,10.68],[10.8,16.2],[16.32,26.88],[27.0,33.28],[33.4,38.64]],"texts":["Like a scene by Campin, the Deesis of this work is unusual in that it shows the Virgin Mary reading a book.","Saint Cecilia is depicted playing the organ next to a naked Eve holding the citrus fruit in this work.","This work's back shows a crown-wearing Mary with a haloed dove directly above her in an Annunciation scene.","This work includes another image of the dove of the Holy Spirit surrounded by white and gold circles of light at the top of a scene that also includes an image of the fountain of life below a pedestal surrounded by fourteen angels in a circle;","that pedestal holds a golden chalice, into which blood falls from the chest of the sacrificial Lamb of God.","For 10 points, name this huge work of art designed by Hubert and painted by his brother, Jan van Eyck."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c5e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c5e.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,12.72],[12.84,16.28],[16.4,25.2],[25.32,30.52],[30.64,35.72]],"texts":["One king of this region was called \"the Iron and Golden King\" because of successful battles of expansion such as the Battle of Kressenbrun; that king was Ottokar II,","who belonged to its Premyslid Dynasty which died out and was succeeded in 1310 by the House of Luxembourg.","The County of Kladsko is traditionally part of the kingdom named for this region.","The Utraquists emerged victorious in a long religious civil war against the Taborites in this region; that war was named for a man burned at the Council of Constance, Jan Hus.","The Battle of White Mountain ended an insurrection in this region led by those who carried out the Defenestration of Prague.","For 10 points, name this historical region that forms the core of the modern Czech Republic."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e5e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d168cd3a78a54dfaada2a9c07d3bffb9342c7758
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.08],[9.2,11.84],[11.96,23.0],[23.12,33.44],[33.56,41.36]],"texts":["A poem by this author that opens \"My Sorrow, when she's here with me\" exemplifies how this author aimed to articulate \"the sound of sense\" better than other English writers.","This poet observed \"Crusoe was cast away,","Thoreau was self-cast\" in discussing inspirations for a poem about a \"a broken drinking goblet like the Grail.\" This author of \"My November Guest\" noted that \"The work of hunters is another thing\" in one poem,","and imagined two ways that the world might end in \"Fire and Ice.\" This poet imagined a conversation between a man who notes \"My apple trees will not get across\" and one who says \"But here,","there are now cows\" and repeats his father's saying \"Good fences make good neighbors.\" For 10 points, name this author of \"Mending Wall.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a875e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a875e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b0ba629fae74f101f055384384746634ebaef50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a875e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.96],[8.08,16.36],[16.48,21.44],[21.56,29.72],[29.84,37.88],[38.0,41.04]],"texts":["80,000 words of this novel were highlighted to re-create the text of the drug trafficking expose Farina in order to subvert a recent publication ban.","In this novel, a man is found dead lying on a table with a note saying \"a foolish and ill-advised curiosity has robbed me of my life.\" In one of its episodes,","two Benedictine monks are stripped of their clothes after they are accused of transporting a princess in a coach.","In a digression in this novel that mimics the Patient Griselda story and is set in Florence, a man tests the fidelity of his wife by asking his friend Lothario to seduce her.","This novel's protagonist, who imagines seeing \"thirty or forty giants\" on a plain, is forced to retire from his new job for a year after losing a fight to the Knight of the White Moon.","For 10 points, name this novel by Miguel Cervantes."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae55e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae55e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b06af6a145ce78183929a08ca249c10b7b870db4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae55e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,9.64],[9.76,14.2],[14.32,19.76],[19.88,27.56],[27.68,33.32],[33.44,36.72]],"texts":["To make grave goods usable by the dead, these people inscribed a word meaning \"for the tomb\", suthina.","These people believed in higher deities who couldn't be worshiped or depicted, the \"veiled gods\".","A funerary calendar of these people was preserved on the wrappings of a mummy now housed in Zagreb.","Parts of these people's scriptures, the Disciplina, were attributed to a prophet born from a plow furrow named Tages.","These people inscribed the names of some of their deities, such as Uni and Tinia, on a bronze artifact used for divination called the Liver of Piacenza.","The religion of these non-Roman people was recorded by the emperor Claudius, one of the last speakers of their language.","For 10 points, what people taught augury and haruspicy to the Romans?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae65e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae65e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..777e678fa398ce20173c7cc107f92c20d6b3ed41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae65e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.72],[9.84,15.0],[15.12,21.68],[21.8,28.76],[28.88,36.44],[36.56,40.6]],"texts":["An infrastructure project connecting two members of this group of polities titles a book by historian Sean McMeekin, which explores this group's efforts to instigate a jihad by funding Ahmed Sharif.","A scandal broke when a member of this group was found to be negotiating separately with Prince Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma.","A so-called \"second national catastrophe\" resulted from one member of this group signing the Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine.","The creation of this coalition renewed interest in the Baghdad railway, originally envisioned as part of the weltpolitik of one its members.","Bulgaria joined this coalition a year after its formation, which happened after one of its members sent a \"blank check\" after the Black Hand killed Franz Ferdinand.","For 10 points, what coalition opposed the Allied Powers in World War I?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae85e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae85e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e71e901ff0807befa5ad82cf1063c8197b22b309
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae85e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,11.64],[11.76,16.4],[16.52,22.28],[22.4,26.68],[26.8,35.64],[35.76,38.8]],"texts":["In one novel, a character with this profession is gunned down in a graveyard while thinking of his daughter Sana.","That character with this profession falls in love with Nur and seeks revenge on his ex-wife and his old mentor Rauf after his release from prison.","In one story, the body of a character killed by members of this profession is sewed back together by a tailor.","Said Marwan is the protagonist of a Naguib Mahfouz novel titled for a member of this profession and the Dogs.","In one story, some of these people hiding in jars have hot oil poured on them by Morgiana.","Members of this profession pursue a woodcutter after he discovers a cave full of riches that opens with the password \"Open sesame.\" For 10 points, name this profession,","forty members of whom pursue Ali Baba in the Arabian Nights."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed5e.json b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d84e550e9524283357f6b0fc2ca9c07f33973f03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.48],[9.6,17.04],[17.16,26.48],[26.6,30.68],[30.8,36.12],[36.24,41.72]],"texts":["In one essay on denying a form of this concept, a philosopher argued that the \"kernel\" of this concept is \"generation\" and that denial of it does not imply the annihilation of a substance.","Another philosopher argued that this concept is the reason we do good to those who rely on us and relates this concept to why people martyr themselves for religion.","An essay titled for this concept argues that self-consciousness is a person's awareness of this concept and posits the three freedoms relating to realms of the physical, intellectual and moral.","Music is a copy of the world's version of this concept according to Arthur Schopenhauer.","A successor used this concept to argue that people seek out positions in which they can utilize force or Kraft.","For 10 points, name this metaphysical concept inherent to humans which Nietzsche said humans use to strive for power."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73875e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73875e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b155b825b259804bae88616e0c4be19e4461de32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73875e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,17.48],[17.6,26.36],[26.48,33.48],[33.6,41.28],[41.4,46.56]],"texts":["This author was accused of serving up a \"perennial dish: the tragedy of the Fine Girl and the Impossible Man\" in an essay by Elizabeth Hardwick.","The title character of this author's final novel is accidentally shot dead by her illegally-adopted deaf-and-dumb son Jeremy at Victoria Station shortly after Henry Dancey declares his love for her.","The Montmorencys and Marda Norton visit the Naylors' estate Danielstown, based on this author's family's namesake \"court,\" in a novel set during the Irish War of Independence.","Robert Kelway kills himself after revealing his status as a Nazi spy to his lover Stella Rodney in a novel by this woman set during the Blitz.","The revelation that her adoptive mother Anna has been reading her diary prompts Portia Quayne to run away in a novel by this author of Eva Trout and The Last September.","For 10 points, name this Anglo-Irish author of The Heat of the Day and The Death of the Heart."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73885e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73885e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19809a50b7994b45a1b435923b11ea336a16cb6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73885e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.68],[7.8,12.2],[12.32,19.88],[20.0,28.24],[28.36,35.6],[35.72,40.52],[40.64,45.96]],"texts":["A history of determining this concept is presented in a book by David King stating that Habash al-Hasib developed the \"method of the zijes\" to determine it,","while Shams Al-Khalil devised a table with 30,000 entries explicating it.","A hadith in the Muwatta of Imam Malik attributes to Abu Ayyub al-Ansari the idea that one should avoid utilizing this concept before istinja.","In an explanation of this concept presented in The Cow, it is said that even if you were to bring \"People of the Book\" all the signs, they would not follow this concept,","since they would \"turn on their heels from the Faith.\" Since \"To Allah belong both East and West,\" this concept was changed away from Syria.","This concept is used during salat and is often indicated with a special niche called a mihrab.","For 10 points, give this term for the direction toward the Kaaba, which is the Muslim direction of prayer."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73895e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73895e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ab2126bbd5342673232f45292dd3f1de9f082a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73895e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.36],[4.48,10.4],[10.52,17.8],[17.92,22.36],[22.48,27.12],[27.24,35.6],[35.72,41.4],[41.52,50.0]],"texts":["As a youth, this ruler was tutored in political philosophy by Frederic-Cesar La Harpe.","A term derived from the name of this ruler's war minister later became a slur used to refer to the policing of daily life.","That minister, who was infamous for executing his subordinates by burying them up to their neck and letting them starve, was Aleksei Arakcheev,","who ordered this ruler's troops to cross the frozen Gulf of Finland to attack the Aland Islands.","Under this man's rule, his nation obtained a swath of territory by the Treaty of Gulistan.","This ruler's belief in a \"universal religion\" led him to ally his country with Austria and Prussia in the so-called \"Holy Alliance\" to ensure a Christian peace.","After this ruler died, his younger brother Constantine refused to ascend the throne, which sparked the Decembrist revolt.","For 10 points, name this son and successor of Emperor Paul I, who ruled Russia from 1801 to 1825 and was succeeded by his brother Nicholas I."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a5e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c32cad02de8a8c94e15f5480994a63c7aab882df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.64],[9.76,19.08],[19.2,26.36],[26.48,37.6],[37.72,41.6],[41.72,45.4]],"texts":["A pulpit with an inscription of this man's history is placed in the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, and a place of worship bearing this man's name was destroyed on orders of Moshe Dayan in 1950.","In Trinidad and Tobago, as well as Jamaica, multi-colored model mausoleums are ritually offered to the sea in commemoration of this man's death, known as the Tadjah or Taziyah.","When Saladin asks a nobleman how he survived wearing a cap of centipedes on his head as punishment, the nobleman claims he carried a relic of this man on his head.","Known as the \"Master of the Youth of Paradise,\" this man led his family to Kufa from his hometown of Medina, whereupon his caravan was held up by a general of Yazid I. Along with his 72 companions,","this man was beheaded at the Battle of Karbala at the hands of the Umayyads.","For 10 points, name this grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e5e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0baead4661003136ac6fc2195d49ce1bd4728043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.72],[6.84,16.92],[17.04,18.68],[18.8,26.04],[26.16,32.96],[33.08,35.72],[35.84,46.2]],"texts":["A nude Andromeda on the left with her back to the viewer watches an armor-clad Perseus perform the title action in his Perseus Slaying the Sea Monster.","He was also fond of painting series as in his The Heart Desires and The Soul Attains, two parts of his Pygmalion and Galatea cycle, and his large four-part group about Sleeping Beauty,","the Briar Rose paintings.","A male nude in his Phyllis and Demophoon caused scandal but the three male nudes in his canvas Wheel of Fortune resulted in little outcry.","His artistic diversity is reflected in the numerous stained glass windows and book illustrations, such as those for an 1896 edition of Chaucer,","which he did for the workshop of his friend William Morris.","An abiding interest in Arthurian myth, typified by his painting The Beguiling of Merlin, also characterized, for 10 points, what Pre-Raphaelite artist and painter of King Cophetua and the Beggar Maid?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e040815e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e040815e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a145002c0ccd7035dd5cd98c4cd61d84cea86cbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e040815e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.48],[5.6,11.68],[11.8,19.16],[19.28,24.6],[24.72,30.56],[30.68,36.08],[36.2,42.2]],"texts":["When the result of this procedure has a unique value, then that value is a function of every sufficient statistic.","The covariance matrices of quantities generated by this method are commonly approximated by the inverse of the Fisher information matrix.","Under appropriate regularity conditions, this method gives results that are equivariant, consistent, asymptotically normal and asymptotically efficient.","This method's namesake function is the data's joint density treated as a function of the parameter being estimated,","and that namesake function appears in Bayes' theorem as the unnormalized ratio of the posterior and prior probability densities.","In carrying out this procedure it is often more convenient to replace that namesake function by its logarithm.","For 10 points, name this method of parameter estimation which gives the parameter values that make the observed data most probable."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e040825e.json b/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e040825e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e64ff626784455b7e7bee833d46bd9e8ccb5aa35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df3ddba2602b93e040825e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.6],[4.72,11.76],[11.88,17.04],[17.16,19.52],[19.64,27.4],[27.52,35.72],[35.84,44.44],[44.56,50.72]],"texts":["An invasion of a Mansion by some weasels foretells both joy and sorrow for a former ruler;","meanwhile the crash of a tree near the Hill Palace causes a character in this work to command his men to stand ever-ready to shoot the goblins thought to be responsible.","Earlier in this work that same character's cruelty causes the dancing girl Gio to shave her head and become a nun.","Originally divided into twelve chapters,","later versions included a secret text known as \"The Initiates' Chapter\" which focuses on the \"Matter of the Six Paths\" and tells the story of an Empress' exile.","Other episodes include a Prince leading a fruitless revolt alongside the monks of Miiidera, as well as the execution of the child warrior Atsumori by Kumagae.","Although the ruthless Kiyomori leads the title group to a series of victories in the early chapters, the defeat of Rokudai at the battle of Dan-no-Ura cements their demise.","For 10 points, identify this work set during the Gempei Wars, a Japanese epic that traces the decline of the Taira clan."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7685e.json b/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7685e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1e3e5a6fff8756e7aaec58c327307a34e78b0f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7685e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,9.08],[9.2,14.52],[14.64,19.2],[19.32,24.36],[24.48,29.12],[29.24,34.56]],"texts":["This event separates the \"Golden Era\" from the \"Open\" or \"Wide-Open Era\" in the place where it happened.","Joseph and Isaac Cline's memoir of this event is entitled When the Heavens Frowned.","A six-year old King Vidor survived this event, many of whose evacuees died aboard the Beaumont Train.","In its aftermath, volunteers were plied with whiskey to heap bodies onto funeral pyres.","The official telegram to President McKinley grossly underestimated this event's death toll at 500.","The affected city in this event lost its status as the state's premiere shipping port to Houston.","For 10 points, name this 1900 hurricane, the deadliest in American history, which wrecked a Texas town."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7695e.json b/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7695e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfcc0a03561762cbd88fd9db01377f57fd1e44a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f7695e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,11.68],[11.8,14.56],[14.68,29.36],[29.48,37.6]],"texts":["Union general Phil Sheridan works as an agent that exploits Native American practioners of this art form, Victor Joseph and Junior Polatkin,","in a novel by Sherman Alexie titled for the \"Reservation\" type of this art form.","A poem about this art form notes that it occurs,","\"When the shoe strings break on both your shoes and you're in a hurry.\" This genre was performed \"by the pale dull pallor of an old gas light\" by a man \"swaying to and fro on his rickety stool.\" This genre of music in that poem was performed \"down on Lennox Avenue the other night,\" in which the performer sings,","\"Ain't got nobody in all this world, Ain't got nobody but ma self.\" For 10 points, Langston Hughes wrote a poem about the \"weary\" type of what musical genre?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b5e.json b/tossups/5e/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b5e.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,12.16],[12.28,19.52],[19.64,26.64],[26.76,31.6],[31.72,37.92]],"texts":["A namesake parameter of this theory is normalized by the Racah parameter on the x-axis of Tanabe-Sugano diagrams.","That parameter's relation to the pairing energy determines whether complexes are \"high spin\" or \"low spin\" in this theory.","Oddly, the neutral molecule carbon monoxide induces the largest value for that parameter, placing it rightmost on the spectrochemical series,","which reveals the limitations of this theory as it predicts the opposite due to being an ionic model that disregards covalent interactions.","This theory is used to explain the color and magnetic properties of coordination compounds.","For 10 points, name this Hans Bethe-developed theory that describes the electronic structure of d-block transition metals."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d15e.json b/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d15e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c9039e7074b0a38f35ff6d32250a66d16cb4148b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d15e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,10.88],[11.0,19.04],[19.16,24.04],[24.16,29.68]],"texts":["This civilization produced terra cotta funerary sculptures such as the Sarcophagus of the Spouses.","The prophet Tages legendarily delivered the language of this civilization to the brothers Tyrrhenus and Tachron.","Likely descended from the Villanovans, and consisting of a federation of twelve cities called the Dodecapoli, they were dealt decisive defeats at the Battle of Cumae and the Siege of Veii.","Their rulers included Lars Posena and Tarquin the Proud, who became the final King of Rome.","For 10 points, name this early Italian civilization supplanted by the Romans in 550 BCE."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d15e.opus b/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d15e.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d25e.json b/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d25e.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/5e/62df8012e66cc66ca571d25e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.6],[6.72,14.72],[14.84,20.4],[20.52,25.72],[25.84,27.56],[27.68,35.32],[35.44,41.36]],"texts":["In this work, the main speaker refers to education as a doctrine of the multitude which has little regard for the life or death of a single individual.","Earlier, when one character is told of a ship arriving from Delos, he responds by describing a dream in which a woman in white tells him he will go to Phthia in three days.","That man is later reminded of the wealthy friends Simmias and Cebes, along with allies he has in Thessaly.","The main subject notes that responding to one injustice with another injustice is just as wrong.","Towards the end of this work,","the protagonist notes that he has been educated and nurtured by his city and thus escaping after breaking the rules would violate the contract he has entered with his government.","For 10 points, name this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates turns down a friend's offer to escape from prison."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df83920c3a38102cd7575e.json b/tossups/5e/62df83920c3a38102cd7575e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e5d817056b1c66e4b8deabd091a57e1e8d0cae0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df83920c3a38102cd7575e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,14.68],[14.8,22.04],[22.16,32.28],[32.4,37.4]],"texts":["In the second stanza of this poem, its speaker longs for \"a beaker full of the warm South\" in order to \"drink, and leave the world unseen.\" In this poem's third stanza,","the speaker wishes to \"fade far away, dissolve, and quite forget\" the \"weariness, and fever, and the fret\" of the world.","Its speaker resolves to fly to this poem's title being \"on the viewless wings of Poesy,\" and begins this poem by lamenting \"My heart aches,","and a drowsy numbness pains my sense As though of hemlock I had drunk.\" This poem ends with the word \"forlorn\" tolling the speaker back to reality after its speaker exclaims \"Thou wast not born for death,","immortal Bird!\" For 10 points, name this ode to the song of the title bird, written by John Keats."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df83920c3a38102cd7595e.json b/tossups/5e/62df83920c3a38102cd7595e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..15a070bf9e3d4cfe582b77fe69521f7951f9c1b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df83920c3a38102cd7595e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,13.52],[13.64,21.96],[22.08,26.28],[26.4,31.4]],"texts":["One character in this novel ponders choosing between \"the woman from the bulrush basket or the woman from Plato's myth,\" and that character abides by the \"rule of threes\" in his relationships with women.","While in Geneva, one character in this novel falls in love with the university professor Franz,","who is obsessed with the kitsch he finds in the movement called \"The Great March.\" The protagonist's favorite mistress is the painter Sabina, who ends up in California at this work's end.","Its protagonist has a son named Simon and dies with Tereza in a car accident.","For 10 points, Tomas's life just before the Prague Spring is chronicled in what Milan Kundera novel?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3775e.json b/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3775e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5c4ed086218886a8bbe21fbb004eddc46cd4fd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3775e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.44],[3.56,6.88],[7.0,9.76],[9.88,13.8],[13.92,18.88],[19.0,23.76],[23.88,28.84],[28.96,31.2],[31.32,35.72]],"texts":["This ruler's downfall was chronicled by Garcilaso de la Vega.","One of his generals legendarily hid a treasure in the Llangatis Mountains.","This ruler conquered the Canari city of Tumebamba.","He allegedly threw a Bible in the face of Friar Vicente de Valverde.","His generals included Quizquiz and Ruminahui, who lost the Battle of Mount Chimborazo.","After this man was captured, Ruminahui agreed to ransom him for a room full of gold and silver.","For years, this son of Huayna Capac was embroiled in a civil war with his half-brother Huascar.","He was defeated at the Battle of Cajamarca.","For 10 points, name this Incan emperor who was executed by Francisco Pizarro."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3785e.json b/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3785e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c24f38feca31eed6df64cb4242e836cf3e1b1cb5
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,18.68],[18.8,26.04],[26.16,31.8]],"texts":["This composer included a passage beginning \"Oh for the Wings of a Dove\" in a setting of Psalm 55 popular in Victorian England, Hear My Prayer.","His compositions for solo piano include \"Bee's Wedding\" and \"Spring Song.\" Ferdinand David was the dedicatee of a work by this man that opens with a melody that \"gave him no peace,\" the Violin Concerto in E minor.","An overture ending with a flute solo begins his suite of incidental music to a Shakespeare play, which also contains the \"Wedding March.\" For 10 points,","name this 19th-century German composer of Songs Without Words and A Midsummer Night's Dream."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3785e.opus b/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3785e.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a5e.json b/tossups/5e/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a1feb1069167f552390e407a46ebf8c9f6915634
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.04],[8.16,12.6],[12.72,16.12],[16.24,22.8],[22.92,26.76],[26.88,33.88]],"texts":["One character in this novel sings the blues song \"Mama Doan Wan' No Peas.\" One of this novel's characters nearly had sex with Romola Martin while working as a hotel's bookkeeper.","Another character sells silver polish door-to-door and jokes around because he used to be a clown.","The dwarf Abe Kusich works as a bookie for Miguel's cockfights in this novel.","At the end of this novel, the brat Adore Loomis throws a rock at one of the main characters, whose violent reaction causes a mob to riot against him.","The other main character is painting a canvas called The Burning of Los Angeles.","For 10 points, the designer Tod Hackett and the screenwriter Homer Simpson are the protagonists of what Hollywood-set novel by Nathanael West?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a33d5e.json b/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a33d5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..80138d84afbbb8bde984c9e8055a7f60482ec904
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a33d5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,12.24],[12.36,17.2],[17.32,23.28],[23.4,31.32],[31.44,34.64]],"texts":["In the parable of the Faithful Servant, Jesus tells his disciples to be like servants awaiting the return of their master from one of these events.","In Matthew, Jesus compares the Kingdom of Heaven to a king whose servants are killed when they invite men to one of these events,","and a man is ejected from this event with \"weeping and grinding of teeth\" for not wearing the proper garments.","In another parable, Jesus tells of five foolish virgins who were prevented from attending one of these events after leaving to get oil.","At one of these events, Jesus tells his mother \"my hour has not yet come\" and performs his first miracle in the Gospel of John when he turns water into wine.","For 10 points, name these events, one of which occurred at Cana."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a33f5e.json b/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a33f5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bfb0a5ad171bcaf0a2854427c5557911ec996fb1
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,11.88],[12.0,18.88],[19.0,26.28],[26.4,29.56],[29.68,34.44]],"texts":["The garagistes are a group of people utilizing new techniques in the creation of this product, which is imitated by products under the Meritage brand.","The Saint-Emilion Classification for this product is released every ten years.","In 1976, Steven Spurrier organized the Judgment of Paris, which declared a California counterpart to this product superior to it.","The region of Medoc grows particularly fine examples of this commodity, which is primarily grown in the Gironde department around the Garonne River.","Sauternes and clarets are white and red variants of it.","For 10 points, name this type of alcoholic beverage grown in a Western European nation."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a3405e.json b/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a3405e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..508a845e2abd350803e756e57fbebff67eff94b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62df8ab610329be735a3405e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,11.6],[11.72,16.48],[16.6,24.0],[24.12,28.32],[28.44,35.2]],"texts":["Artifacts stolen from this country were seized by US Customs in 1994 during a Sotheby's auction;","those artifacts were taken by Ernil Bernal and identified by archaeologist Walter Alva as coming from this country's Huaca Rajada.","One culture in this country was responsible for building the world's largest adobe city, called Chan Chan.","This country home to the Moche and Chimu also held the capital city of the Tawantinsuyu, which is the site of the Stone of Twelves Angles.","That culture also built a city in this country on a ridge above the Urubamba River.","For 10 points, name this South American country that is the location of the cities Cuzco and Machu Picchu, both built by the Inca."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f5e.json b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f5e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6dbf82a7dcf2133cc0029841e4ad8eeec0817188
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f5e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.72],[8.84,16.56],[16.68,19.4],[19.52,23.08],[23.2,29.64],[29.76,38.36]],"texts":["A prophet of this name retells Zenos's allegory, comparing Gentiles and Jews to cultivated and wild olive trees, in a namesake book which comes third in the Book of Mormon.","This name graces the last man named in the opening of the Jewish Amidah prayer, a Biblical character who made peace with the leader of the Edomites after using peeled,","spotted sticks in the process of breeding spotted sheep.","That man of this name kept the rival concubines Bilhah and Zilpah,","and worked two seven-year indentures for Laban after using the offer of a bowl of stew to trick his brother into handing over his birthright.","For 10 points, give this name of the Hebrew patriarch who was born holding his twin brother Esau, and who was renamed Israel after wrestling an angel and seeing a namesake ladder to heaven."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9605e.json b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9605e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..83f590ce7927262d412ba579700ddb253f6b6244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9605e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,12.32],[12.44,22.08],[22.2,30.2],[30.32,34.76],[34.88,41.56]],"texts":["This musician played the opening solo on Gil Evans's arrangement of \"Saint Louis Blues\" for New Bottle Old Wine.","One of his albums features the first recording of the Miles Davis composition \"Nardis.\" On the first side of one of his albums,","he paired his popular version of Cole Porter's \"Love for Sale\" with \"Autumn Leaves,\" which also titles a 1963 live album of his that emerged from the same Japanese tour as Nippon Soul.","This musician referred to Bobby Timmons's \"This Here\" as \"Dis Here,\" and performed it along with \"Dat Dere.\" He recorded the album Somethin' Else.","His namesake quintet recorded a popular version of \"Work Song,\" by his cornetist brother Nat.","For 10 points, name this nickname-sporting jazz saxophonist who had a hit with \"Mercy, Mercy, Mercy.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9615e.json b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9615e.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..757e047d3bc8cf218b96fafd59f36ceb0fbafaa7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9615e.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,10.8],[10.92,16.24],[16.36,23.28],[23.4,30.88]],"texts":["In one of the opening scenes of this opera, a chorus laments that after they paid for a taxi that they had no more money.","An earlier scene sees a chorus note that they pay to drink their water and that their own wood is sold to them.","After the announcement that the title event has happened, \"The Aria of the Falling Body (Gymnopedie)\" is sung.","This opera opens with two choruses describing the plights of two peoples, and the main setting of this opera is the hijacked Achille Lauro.","For 10 points, name this opera about the murder of a Jewish wheelchair bound man which has led to multiple unfair allegations against its composer, John Adams."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9615e.opus b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9615e.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9625e.json b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9625e.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.12],[4.24,11.32],[11.44,14.88],[15.0,21.36],[21.48,26.36],[26.48,31.96]],"texts":["Actions in this campaign included the Battle of Edson's Ridge and the Battle of Cape Esperance.","Some of the bloodiest fighting during this campaign occurred during assaults on hills codenamed Mount Austen, the Seahorse, and the Galloping Horse,","whose defenders were trying to hold out for reinforcements from Rabaul.","Major American objectives during this campaign was to secure a staging point for an attack on New Britain and to secure Henderson Field.","It took fully six months of fighting before the Japanese abandoned the island targeted by this campaign.","For 10 points, name this World War II campaign to capture the main island of the Solomon Islands."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9625e.opus b/tossups/5e/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9625e.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b60.json b/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cc988fbd4a520baec91e7f2018af64e0bdfe020
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.08],[6.2,9.08],[9.2,16.2],[16.32,21.12],[21.24,30.46],[30.58,36.94]],"texts":["Fabiola and Chapman added a pair of angles to a potential modelling these phenomena, which are often modelled by the Dreiding equation.","These phenomena are modelled by a 12-10 potential.","Thiourea catalysis makes extensive use of these phenomena, and these phenomena are responsible for the dimerization of carboxylic acids.","These phenomena occur between residue n and n plus four in a standard alpha helix.","These phenomena commonly cause gross deviations from Raoult's law by inducing azeotropy, and these phenomena are responsible for the high boiling point and remarkable solvent properties of water.","For 10 points, name this type of weak intermolecular interaction between a heteroatom and an atom of the namesake very light element."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c60.json b/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..739efbbd4b5d1e622f5b8edc2ec7083acd3786e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.84],[3.96,17.16],[17.28,24.2],[24.32,34.72],[34.84,40.72],[40.84,45.48]],"texts":["One figure described in this speech is said to be \"Sighing like a furnace,","with a woeful ballad Made to his mistress' eyebrow.\" That lover had earlier been \"creeping like a snail Unwillingly to school\" with \"his satchel And shining morning face.\" This speech is given after a man interrupts a meal with his sword drawn and demands food;","that character, Orlando, is welcomed to the table by Duke Senior who says, \"we are not all alone unhappy,\" before this speech is given.","This speech begins by describing \"the infant, Mewling and puking in the nurse's arms\" and ends by describing a \"second childishness and mere oblivion\" without teeth, eyes, taste, and finally,","\"sans everything.\" For 10 points, name this speech given by the Melancholy Jaques in Shakespeare's As You Like It,","which begins with a metaphor about life as a certain place \"And all the men and women merely players.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e60.json b/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c680794d1df4884ed1e7567f4914cd5d5e8a95b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,11.64],[11.76,15.64],[15.76,19.84],[19.96,28.0],[28.12,31.44],[31.56,36.72]],"texts":["Damage to this organ can be tracked with a calcium-binding protein primarily found in it called S-100B.","To prevent damaging part of this organ, it is necessary to limit the rate of sodium restoration in hyponatremia.","Vasospasm in this organ is treated with the drug nimodipine.","This organ is the site of berry aneurysms, which can occur in the circle of Willis.","A disorder of this organ involves a microtubule-associated protein forming \"fibrillary tangles.\" Subarachnoid hemorrhages cause ischemia in this organ,","where tau proteins are deposited in CTEs and Alzheimer's disease.","For 10 points, name this organ whose regions include the pons, the corpus callosum, and the frontal lobe."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8760.json b/tossups/60/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8760.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ffa22c48d7adc7ae4116612fd636f6fa00187ccc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8760.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,14.44],[14.56,23.64],[23.76,29.92],[30.04,37.08],[37.2,40.16]],"texts":["During this author's interview with a world leader, Pierre Daru brought up this author's translation of Voltaire's Mahomet,","to which the world leader responded \"That is an awful play.\" This author's poem \"The Metamorphosis of Plants\" drew on his own scientific treatise of the same name.","After he proposed to a 17-year-old girl at age 72 and was rejected, this author wrote the lines \"They urged me to those lips, with rapture crowned Deserted me,","and hurled me to the ground.\" Ludwig Wittgenstein's Remarks on Colour expands on ideas from this author's treatise Thoughts on Colour.","This author of the \"Marienbad Elegy\" worked for the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, who ennobled him after he wrote about a youth who kills himself with a pair of pistols.","For 10 points, name this creator of Young Werther."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae560.json b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae560.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed53608a27c4165fe5f567da20dfbc8bd620a471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae560.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.32],[9.44,19.52],[19.64,27.56],[27.68,32.48],[32.6,39.96]],"texts":["Though this story's material is based on an episode about a journey to Tanba from The Anthology of Tales from the Past, it's generally thought to be modeled on Ambrose Bierce's \"The Moonlit Road\".","A woman in this story recounts attempting suicide by slicing her throat and jumping into a pond, believing she has been forsaken by \"the most merciful Kanon\" after encountering a \"man in blue silk\".","This story ends as a man feels his mouth fill with blood and sinks \"into the darkness of space\" after losing his sword, bow, and arrows, as related by a spiritual medium.","It begins with a police commissioner questioning a woodcutter, leading to the arrest of the bandit Tajomaru.","Six accounts of a samurai's death are presented in, for 10 points, what Ryunosuke Akutagatwa story set amidst some trees?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae660.json b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae660.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..417277414d54f47e7999b1c37db0b1ef9f4b29c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae660.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.32],[1.44,11.28],[11.4,18.48],[18.6,24.16],[24.28,28.8],[28.92,37.24],[37.36,41.96]],"texts":["During this event,","a character relates how Alexander had \"intoxicates in his prains\" when he killed \"his best friend Cleitus,\" explaining his objection to an order to \"Kill the poys and the luggage!\" In a prologue,","the chorus asks if the \"casques that did affright the air\" at this event can be crammed into \"this wooden O\" after invoking a \"Muse of fire\".","During this event, the phrase \"O Seigneur Dieu!\" is misinterpreted as the name of a gentleman by Pistol.","The cousins York and Suffolk die in each other's arms during this event, as related by Exeter.","It begins after a speech rebuking Westmoreland's wish for \"more men,\" in which a king calls his army \"we few, we happy few, we band of brothers\".","A Shakespeare play depicts, for 10 points, what battle won on Saint Crispin's day by Henry V?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae860.json b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae860.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ead3c97dd6f6517035624a896935b1a89c423a81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae860.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.92],[9.04,16.12],[16.24,23.16],[23.28,29.84],[29.96,37.08]],"texts":["One artist with this surname was commissioned by the Special Olympics to depict North Carolina landmarks, such as the Duke Chapel, in the style of her characteristically warm seascapes.","Another contemporary artist with this surname is best-known for depictions of dream-like, Parisian street scenes in his primitive, naif style.","An earlier artist with this surname created a smoky depiction of the River Styx being crossed by figures carrying the title poet in his first major work.","Golden elephant heads adorn the opulent bed of an Assyrian king in another work by that artist of the Barque of Dante, who had this surname.","For 10 points, give this surname of the artist of The Death of Sardanapalus and Liberty Leading the People, who's first name was Eugene."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed60.json b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..584e7386af792bd11f2fa29e76e3bf33654eac2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,10.76],[10.88,17.0],[17.12,21.88],[22.0,29.48],[29.6,37.04]],"texts":["Description acceptable.This action is performed by a group of sailors led by Noah's granddaughter Cessair before they all died except for one man,","who eventually turns into a bird and lives for five thousand years.","Amergin magically calms the wind to enable the last of six instances of this action recounted in a pseudo-historical book named for them.","The Fir Bolg left Greece to perform this action, which brought them into conflict with the native Fomorians.","The Tuatha De Danann successfully performed this action before themselves becoming the victims of it and being driven into the Otherworld by the ancestors of the Gaels.","For 10 points, identify this action performed in real history by England, in which a certain Celtic island is the subject of a military expedition."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738760.json b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738760.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..352b1e4571ace09c9351a8d90554e93b83321ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738760.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.2],[5.32,11.68],[11.8,22.28],[22.4,28.84],[28.96,35.64],[35.76,45.84]],"texts":["One of this man's paintings includes a depiction of Luxuria, or Vice, with her back to the viewer,","arranged in a pose that was borrowed by Caravaggio for the violin-playing angel in a painting created for the Palazzo Doria Pamphilj.","This artist painted The Choice of Hercules for the camerino of a building that also contains a series by this man consisting of an early example of quadri riportati depicting scenes from Ovid.","Pietro Aldobrandini commissioned a lunette from this man in which a ferryman crosses a river next to the small figures of Joseph and Mary.","The Triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne is the center panel of this man's fresco cycle in the Farnese Gallery, The Loves of the Gods.","For 10 points, name this Italian artist of Domine, Quo Vadis? and Landscape with the Flight into Egypt, who led the Bolognese school alongside his cousin Ludovico and brother Agostino."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738860.json b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738860.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef6d2c0d6ef72536db74378fd324d5da543f56c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738860.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.84],[7.96,14.16],[14.28,19.48],[19.6,29.16],[29.28,33.88],[34.0,38.84],[38.96,45.12]],"texts":["In one work by this author, Mister Bezuidenhout wants his friend to name his child Gorki, and he calls the dilapidated house he lives in \"Xanadu\";","characters in that work include a bricklayer who spent six months in prison for violating a banning order and is now trying to flee to England.","In that work by him, Gladys awaits the arrival of Steve Daniels for dinner while her husband cares for the title plants.","Another work by this author is set in the Karoo town of New Bethesda and features a woman who tends a \"cement garden\" of men, fantastic monsters and other oddities which all face east.","This author set many of his works near Port Elizabeth, including A Lesson from Aloes.","He wrote a work in which Marius Byleveld fails to convince the lonely Miss Helen to enter a church\"s care home.","For 10 points, name this author of The Road to Mecca, whose other plays include Boesman and Lena and Blood Knot."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738960.json b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738960.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0b78482a7df54fb6e7b699ba32e42de887691885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738960.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,23.04],[23.16,27.24],[27.36,34.0],[34.12,42.56],[42.68,47.8]],"texts":["In this piece's first movement, the first horn plays two solos marked \"marcato ma dolce\" that bounce between concert Cs, Fs, and Gs.","In a review of a performance of this piece addressed to \"Ossip,\" Harold Schonberg called that performance's conductor \"The Peter Pan of music.\" The start of the recapitulation of this piece's 6/4 Maestoso first movement has a timpani roll on D that recalls the opening D minor pedal;","however, that timpani roll is interrupted by the soloist playing in E major.","Bassoons playing in thirds introduce the melody of this piece's second movement Adagio, which may have been a musical portrait of Clara Schumann.","A 1962 New York Philharmonic performance of this piece garnered controversy for Leonard Bernstein's prefatory remarks distancing himself from Glenn Gould's slow tempi.","For 10 points, name this first keyboard concertante work by the composer of the Academic Festival Overture."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a60.json b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..17ffc981d97d2e2e5a8143c8a4391073506aa166
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738a60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,15.88],[16.0,23.52],[23.64,29.64],[29.76,34.96],[35.08,43.8],[43.92,48.2]],"texts":["The most-commonly accepted alternate theory about these phenomena is Ian Browne's suggestion that they are type 1 Fanaroff-Riley sources.","Boettcher et al. proposed an evolutionary scenario to unify these phenomena, suggesting that they evolve from their FSRQ to LBL to HBL subtypes.","The Global Telescope Network was created to observe these things, which are thought to comprise two-thirds or more of all flat-spectrum radio sources.","Edward Spiegel coined the name for these phenomena, since they appeared to have properties of OVVs and BL Lac objects.","Because these structures exhibit extreme Doppler boosting, they unusually have no emission lines.","Usually found in large elliptical galaxies, these structures are often studied as sources of superluminal motion since it is thought that their relativistic jets point towards Earth.","For 10 points, name these active galactic nuclei, thought to be a type of quasar."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/60/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e60.json b/tossups/60/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd65cac1883166d0a4a26962f13c52b68ec23783
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,9.64],[9.76,15.08],[15.2,22.4],[22.52,28.2],[28.32,34.96],[35.08,41.6]],"texts":["AMANDA extended one of these created by David Turner, and Wadler wrote a book on how to use monads in them.","Charity is an example of the so-called \"total\" type of these that prohibit non-termination,","and easy memorization in them is attained through the fact that many of them maintain referential transparency.","Some 70 SFRIs extend one of these beyond its R6RS standards, while another employs call-by-need, a form of lazy evaluation.","Besides that one named for the first namesake of the Curry-Howard correspondence, side effects aren't present in \"pure\" ones.","Microsoft recently created one that is similar to OCaml called F#, and they usually implement the tuple data type.","Exemplified by Scheme and Lisp, for 10 points, name this type of programming language contrasted with imperative languages."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df3ddba2602b93e0408260.json b/tossups/60/62df3ddba2602b93e0408260.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9a587fae8f298c0ff513c31e65e99cf0aa69376
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df3ddba2602b93e0408260.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,12.92],[13.04,18.16],[18.28,28.72],[28.84,39.48],[39.6,48.44]],"texts":["This work cites the Eleusinian Mysteries to illustrate the value of the \"liberal arts\" before moving on to consult the ideas of Pythagoras.","Its author recalls a banquet at which one of his Hebrew teachers, Dactylus, agreed with the doctrine of the Trinity,","while in another section he asserts that he has never sought any pay save the cultivation of his mind.","Written in a series of numbered paragraphs, it opens by restating Abdala the Saracen's response to the question: \"what is most worthy of wonder?\" In addition to positing the unity of truth, this work,","went beyond such contemporary treatises as Ficino's Theologia Platonica in arguing that the title concept emerges, not only from \"universality,\" but from an ability to live life based on free choice.","Composed as an introduction to its author's defense of his 900 Theses, for 10 points, identify this humanistic work of philosophy by Pico della Mirandola."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76860.json b/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76860.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6c053c5da64f5c1a010874498985398697fb8c70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76860.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,9.96],[10.08,15.24],[15.36,22.84],[22.96,27.6],[27.72,32.8],[32.92,37.8]],"texts":["This dynasty was the first to require all able-bodied peasants to sign up for the fu-bing militia system.","After the fall of this dynasty, the Battle of Bach Dang River granted Vietnam its independence.","This dynasty fought three successive wars with the Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla dynasties of Korea.","Bo Juyi wrote the poem \"The Song of Everlasting Regret\" after the death of Yang Guifei during this dynasty, one of China's Four Beauties.","The period following this dynasty is referred to as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.","A breakaway state during this dynasty began when Luoyang was seized by an army led by a Sogdian-Turkish general.","For 10 points, name this dynasty that followed the Sui dynasty, and suffered the An Lushan rebellion."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76960.json b/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76960.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e3c9a3884d9484786f9198b410cb8ebeb831bbf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76960.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,12.8],[12.92,19.68],[19.8,23.88],[24.0,33.08]],"texts":["John Stallings's \"engulfing\" method was used to solve one problem named for this man using the notion of PL-homotopy.","A problem named for this mathematician was introduced in the same paper that showed that a certain object had a fundamental group of over 120.","Michael Freedman solved a special case of a generalized version of that problem named for this man, which was solved for dimension higher than four by Stephen Smale.","Richard Hamilton outlined a method of using Ricci flows to solve that problem named for this man.","For 10 points, name this French mathematician who names a conjecture proven by Grigori Perelman which states that every closed, simply connected manifold is homeomorphic to the three-sphere."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b60.json b/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0fbf270f8f57c736ab6b357026522f602a596c33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df7ca243aee49db2f76b60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,11.72],[11.84,14.56],[14.68,18.76],[18.88,25.88],[26.0,28.76],[28.88,34.4]],"texts":["Pelias murdered his evil stepmother Sidero in a temple to this deity, who held a grudge against Pelias afterwards.","After this deity poisoned the water supply of Aegina, the island was repopulated by ants that were turned into humans.","This goddess was once trapped by a magical throne.","This goddess blinded Tiresias for his opinion in the great sex enjoyment debate.","Chelone was transformed into a tortoise for refusing to attend the wedding of this goddess, which happened soon after she was seduced in the form of a cuckoo.","She once tossed Hephaestus out of Mount Olympus.","For 10 points, name this goddess who was vengeful against the many mistresses of her husband Zeus."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df8012e66cc66ca571d160.json b/tossups/60/62df8012e66cc66ca571d160.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d1cb031cf3a3d19b427a7b79a1b6701b3507df5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df8012e66cc66ca571d160.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,11.0],[11.12,14.52],[14.64,23.56],[23.68,28.8],[28.92,33.44]],"texts":["This state saw a city's mayor, Bracken Lee, fire police chief and future political theorist Cleon Skousen after the mayor was found at an illegal card game.","The Senate held three years of hearings on whether to seat this state's Reed Smoot.","A crime committed by a resident of this state led to the case of Reynolds v.","U.S. One event in this state's history involved the founding of Camp Floyd by Albert Sidney Johnston, who was seeking to rein in a group responsible for the Mountain Meadows Massacre.","It first applied for statehood as Deseret, and was frequently blocked due to its legal approval of polygamy.","For 10 points, name this state, the final destination of Brigham Young's Mormons."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df8012e66cc66ca571d260.json b/tossups/60/62df8012e66cc66ca571d260.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f54c54cd4fbfd8ee4ac27c3c8da216179cbc55a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df8012e66cc66ca571d260.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,10.72],[10.84,18.72],[18.84,27.32],[27.44,32.32],[32.44,38.84],[38.96,42.6]],"texts":["In Henoch-Schonlein pupura, these structures in the skin are attacked by antibodies, and these structures become excessively permeable in Clarkson's disease.","Pericytes are responsible for regulating these structures within the brain.","One type of these lack pinocytotic vesicles and are only found in the liver, known as the sinusoidal type, which is a specific version of the fenestrated type.","An equation describing these entities contains the reflection and filtration coefficients and shows the balance between hydrostatic and oncotic pressure; that equation is named for Starling.","They contain a single layer of endothelial cells, and glomeruli of the kidney are balls of them.","In the lungs, O2 from the alveoli move into these structures, beds of which exchange nutrients and waste with body tissues.","For 10 points, name this class of blood vessels, the body's smallest."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df83920c3a38102cd75760.json b/tossups/60/62df83920c3a38102cd75760.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..47ab61df304497d3ce31f5ab91e7d09ef31383c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df83920c3a38102cd75760.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.36],[9.48,13.92],[14.04,20.08],[20.2,25.2],[25.32,37.12],[37.24,42.04]],"texts":["In the third movement of this symphony, a bassoon attempts to accompany a theme played by the oboe, but can only play the two notes F and C. At the end of its second movement, an oboe, a flute,","and a clarinet respectively imitate the calls of a quail, a nightingale, and a cuckoo.","In its fourth movement, a five-note passage for the cellos is played along a similar four-note passage for the double basses,","creating an ominous rumbling before the entrance of timpani imitating the sound of thunder during a furious storm.","This symphony's five movements include ones titled \"By the Brook,\" \"A merry gathering of country folk,\" and \"Cheerful impressions awakened by arrival in the country.\" Premiered in 1808 along with its composer's C minor fifth symphony,","for 10 points, name this Beethoven symphony that portrays rural life and nature."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37760.json b/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37760.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..443e379fe072237d22ea6a378780699719558fe8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37760.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.32],[4.44,13.8],[13.92,19.56],[19.68,29.32],[29.44,34.52],[34.64,40.28]],"texts":["One organism of this genus contains the CTX phi prophage in its genome.","One species in this genus exhibits the Kanagawa phenomenon on blood agar; that species also expresses the thermostable direct hemolysin and is known as the parahemolyticus species.","The LuxI/R quorum sensor was discovered in another organism of this genus, with species name fischeri.","The vulnificus species can cause a fatal blistering infection when exposed to a wound, and a more well-known species in this genus produces a toxin which activates G-proteins by ribosylation.","That species has O1 and O139 pathogenic strains that cause watery diarrhea.","For 10 points, name this genus of comma-shaped bacteria, which includes the causative agent of cholera."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37860.json b/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37860.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6792f2e53e85a5e6aa0e99c5670b3d4b345520a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37860.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.4],[4.52,9.28],[9.4,12.92],[13.04,16.88],[17.0,24.92],[25.04,28.56],[28.68,33.44]],"texts":["The von Mangoldt function returns this value if the input is not a power of a prime.","The Legendre symbol returns this value if the numerator is a multiple of the prime denominator.","The Mobius function returns this value if the input is not square-free.","This value is used to denote the absorbing element of a semigroup or semiring.","The Riemann zeta fuction takes this value at all negative even integers, though it is an open question whether all of the other such values all have real part one-half.","This value is returned when a number is added to its additive inverse.","For 10 points, name this only non-positive and non-negative integer, the additive identity."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a60.json b/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f10563e7fcaf2a8962356ec51a9ecafabfc711e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37a60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.0],[6.12,11.36],[11.48,15.88],[16.0,22.36],[22.48,28.36],[28.48,34.8],[34.92,37.48]],"texts":["Heinz Kohut believed mental duress was caused by an incomplete kind of this, which could be filled with transitional objects.","D.W. Winnicott proposed a \"false\" type of this concept was responsible for psychological disorder.","George Herbert Mead argued children show an understanding of a crude form of it when roleplaying.","Mead also divided this concept into the \"I\" and \"me\" in his book titled for mind, this concept, and society.","The mirror test shows most animals are not aware of this concept, viewing their reflections as other individuals.","The desire \"to become everything one is capable of becoming\" defines the actualization of this concept according to Abraham Maslow.","For 10 points, name this projection of one's identity."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a33d60.json b/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a33d60.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc1d8439ce22b4831343f099374acb290392a713
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a33d60.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,14.8],[14.92,21.56],[21.68,28.68],[28.8,32.76]],"texts":["In this novel, a man who calls himself the \"good guy\" punishes a knife-wielding thief by forcing him to strip all his clothes off and leaving him to die in the wild.","The protagonists of this novel are briefly joined by a sick old man named Ely who proclaims that there is no God, but all humans are his prophets.","The protagonists of this novel own binoculars, a pistol with two bullets, a blanket, and some tools that they carry in a grocery cart.","This novel follows an unnamed father and his son on a quest to reach the sea who pass through a hellscape destroyed by an unspecified disaster.","For 10 points, name this post-apocalyptic novel by Cormac McCarthy."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a34060.json b/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a34060.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..87ee7bff282f5a744db2ae437592d0e8b81de4fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a34060.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.96],[3.08,13.6],[13.72,20.52],[20.64,24.68],[24.8,28.76]],"texts":["One island in this country, which is not Sri Lanka,","was once known as \"Junk Ceylon.\" That island in this country contains the Two Heroines monument and was where a ten-year old girl named Tilly Smith used her grade-school geography knowledge to save countless lives.","Its largest island is a resort-laden spot on the Andaman Sea which was devastated by the 2004 tsunami, called Phuket.","Several \"friendship bridges\" connect this country to its eastern neighbor, Laos.","For 10 points, name this country ruled by King Rama IX from Bangkok."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a34060.opus b/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a34060.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/60/62df8ab610329be735a34060.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f60.json b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f60.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,12.6],[12.72,18.52],[18.64,25.28],[25.4,36.12],[36.24,44.28]],"texts":["An enzyme that binds to this protein forms a heterodimer with APPBP1 to modify another protein very similar to this one called NEDD8.","Another enzyme that binds to this protein is encoded in humans by CDC34.","This protein forms thioester linkages with three different classes of enzymes with which it interacts in sequence.","This protein forms an isopeptide bond between its C-terminal glycine residue and a lysine side chain on its substrate.","This protein binds to namesake \"activating\" and \"conjugating\" enzymes, labeled E1 and E2, and its attachment to targets by E3 ligases directs those targets to the proteasome.","For 10 points, name this small protein that gets attached to proteins targeted for degradation, which is named for the fact that it is found in almost all cells."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96060.json b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96060.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dffc666556cb5e507bcdb5750afe06a408dfd880
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96060.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.48],[3.6,8.44],[8.56,14.44],[14.56,17.68],[17.8,22.52],[22.64,29.8],[29.92,37.36]],"texts":["The activity of these cells is regulated by the ULT1 gene.","These cells group around the largely non-mitotic cells of a zone called the quiescent center,","and they are also regulated by a negative feedback loop between the expression of the WUS gene and the CLV1 gene.","The maintenance of these cells is controlled by the KNOX genes.","The arrangement of these cells is typically described by the tunica-corpus model, and they contain proplastids.","These cells comprise vascular cambium and cork cambium, and their namesake tissue comes in shoot apical and root apical varieties.","For 10 points, name these undifferentiated cells, analogous to stem cells, which develop into xylem and phloem and are found in plants."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96160.json b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96160.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bcb9b81fad2ac08c434b6a5172d60f1365b2a875
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96160.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,18.12],[18.24,26.2],[26.32,33.0]],"texts":["He's not Richard Strauss, but a choral work by this composer features passages from Nietzsche's Thus Spake Zarathustra; that work is A Mass of Life.","He's also not Schubert but, when crippled by syphilis in his later years, he was assisted by the amanuensis Eric Fenby, who helped him complete works including A Song of Summer.","This composer once wrote to Elgar describing the \"beautiful four-part harmonies\" of the black workers he had heard singing whilst he was manager of an orange plantation in Florida.","For 10 points, name this English composer of the opera A Village Romeo and Juliet and On Hearing the First Cuckoo in Spring."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96260.json b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96260.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7c132d91c3aece59cd7cb04edf968f3ec91c1592
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96260.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,10.76],[10.88,17.32],[17.44,24.56],[24.68,29.52]],"texts":["This politician's collected papers were published as This Is Our Strength.","This politician was cleared of \"direct responsibility\" for lack of war preparation by the Agranat Commission, but resigned anyway.","This graduate of the Milwaukee State Normal School taught in the Milwaukee public schools before joining the executive committee of the Histadrut.","Later nicknamed \"the best man in government,\" she authorized Operation Wrath of God to target Black September after the massacre at the Munich Olympics.","The leader of Israel during the Yom Kippur War was, for 10 points, what female prime minister?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96260.opus b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96260.opus
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27a94172f559c06dfa4625c57da798e1b0520a85
Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/60/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96260.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/70/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b70.json b/tossups/70/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4fd3e148aab910b2b6227aea6a160216a9f855aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,10.84],[10.96,19.08],[19.2,25.08],[25.2,30.84],[30.96,36.32],[36.44,42.88]],"texts":["In 2012, this country's military carried out Operation Sledgehammer to seize Kismayu.","The Lotikipi Basin and Lodwar Basin aquifers were two of the five discovered in this country in September 2013.","This country's parliament voted to being disassociating itself from the International Criminal Court over charges against men such as deputy president William Ruto.","Those charges are over claims of creating death squads during this country's contentious 2007 presidential elections,","which like this country's 2013 presidential elections was lost by former Prime Minister Raila Odinga.","This country's current president, Uhuru, is the son of its first president and succeeded Mwai Kibaki.","For 10 points, name this East African country that was the site of a September 2013 attack on the Westgate Mall by Al-Shabab."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec70.json b/tossups/70/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fa1f6e99e028cc991d8009fbf9552e5c9c074a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.12],[4.24,10.88],[11.0,15.0],[15.12,18.92],[19.04,27.6],[27.72,33.04],[33.16,37.04]],"texts":["An s-shaped one of these objects was designed by and is named for Vernor Panton.","One of these items is flanked by a photograph of one of them and a definition of one of them in a conceptual artwork by Joseph Kossuth.","De Stijl artist Gerrit Reitveld designed a Red and Blue one of these objects.","To complement a pavilion at the 1929 International Exposition,","Lily Reich and Mies van der Rohe designed one of these objects known as the \"Barcelona.\" One of these objects was designed in order to combat the \"slum of legs\" by Eero Saarinen.","That type of this piece of furniture is known as the \"Tulip\" and was prominently featured on the set of Star Trek.","For 10 points, what piece of furniture is used to sit at a dinner table?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738770.json b/tossups/70/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738770.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2375f350bdb4dba4b8a8d26ddd84bc43810c0609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738770.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.8],[3.92,11.2],[11.32,13.64],[13.76,23.8],[23.92,28.2],[28.32,32.28],[32.4,40.12],[40.24,44.24],[44.36,50.0]],"texts":["Some of this group's religious rituals were described by George Waddington,","including a \"Great Oath\" sworn by its members while holding a lit candle in a \"safe house,\" and the use of so-called \"shepherds\" to relay orders.","Formed as an extension of the Lodge of Lefkada,","this group initially claimed to be run by a mystical foreign leader dubbed the \"Invisible Authority,\" though that was replaced with a body called the \"Authority of the Twelve Apostles.\" A female member of this group,","Laskarina Bouboulina, captured the fortress of Monemvasia after building her own flagship.","This group used a phoenix as its symbol, alluding to the earlier Phoenix Lodge.","Founded by three Freemasons in Odessa, this group invited John Capodistrias, the foreign secretary of Alexander I, to be its leader, though he declined.","This group's leader established a military unit called the Sacred Band.","For 10 points, name this secret organization led by Alexander Ypsilantis to advocate for Greek independence."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e70.json b/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4e35b14a0b08def1197775183aa6c828ccf12864
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,12.96],[13.08,22.8],[22.92,30.24],[30.36,35.12],[35.24,39.92],[40.04,44.96],[45.08,50.28]],"texts":["An experimental measurement of one end-product of this process can be obtained by examining the metal-deficient objects called blue compact dwarf galaxies,","while Spite et al. studied another result of this process by examining the surfaces of population II stars.","Since in order for this process to occur the energy contributed by relativistic species must be constrained, this process functions as a cosmological limit on the number of neutrino species.","The first calculations describing this process were published in 1948 in the famous \"alpha-beta-gamma\" paper by Alpher and Gamow.","It provides a constraint on the baryonic matter density, implying most matter density is in dark matter.","Beginning during the radiation-dominated era when the universe was about one second old,","the time required for this process to run its course can be inferred from the relative abundances of helium and hydrogen.","For 10 points, identify this process in the early universe which resulted in the formation of the light elements."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f70.json b/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..035897de6d02f28e61fdaf9b5edc87ea11a5d07c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,11.44],[11.56,17.12],[17.24,21.88],[22.0,29.4],[29.52,37.4]],"texts":["According to legend, this leader dreamed that he saw the prophet Muhammed as a constellation after having a religious conversation with Abu Sufyan.","He had the patriarch Sergius draft the Ecthesis, affirming his belief in monothelitism.","This victor at the Third Battle of Issus came to power as a result of a coup against the emperor Phocas.","He occupied royal residence at Dastgerd, and supposedly returned with the true cross from a campaign in .","This father of Constantine III was also victorious at the Battle of Nineveh over Chosroes II, though he'd later be defeated at the Battle of Yarmuk by Umar.","For 10 points, identify this Byzantine emperor in power from 610 to 641 AD, who fought a protracted war with the Sassanid Empire."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0408070.json b/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0408070.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5efe5c9c607864ab8914678ba2f9ad7557b025fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df3ddba2602b93e0408070.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.36],[11.48,19.88],[20.0,27.8],[27.92,36.44],[36.56,39.36],[39.48,47.4],[47.52,52.96]],"texts":["One of this author's poetry collections contains such verses as \"After the Storm\" and \"Eve,\" while another is divided into sections like the \"Illness Cycle\" and the \"Could I ever forget Cycle.\" Those volumes,","entitled When It Clears Up and Themes and Variations, respectively, were published 36 years apart and span a career that began by imitating Rilke.","This man's short stories include \"The Apelles Mark\" and a tale about the kidnapping of young boy named Tosha, who is rescued, but later executed by the Red Guards,","called \"Aerial Ways.\" This author's longer lyrics include a panoramic ode to the revolution and an autobiographical portrait of the leader of the Sevastopol mutiny.","In addition to 1905 and Lt. Schmidt,","this author published a work that centers on a young woman who rejects both her husband Pascha and the vindictive Komarovsky to be with a man she once worked with as a nurse.","For 10 points, identify this Russian author, who created the lovers Lara and Yurii, in his Doctor Zhivago."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df7ca243aee49db2f76970.json b/tossups/70/62df7ca243aee49db2f76970.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bedd3b3c609a47e8fdeea29e08cb5e578485fbf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df7ca243aee49db2f76970.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.44],[4.56,8.6],[8.72,13.84],[13.96,18.6],[18.72,23.36],[23.48,31.84],[31.96,39.04]],"texts":["This museum houses a version of The Birth of Venus with fifteen putti and a dolphin.","The portrait of Whistler's Mother is the capstone of this museum's American collection.","Visitors to this museum are greeted by Bartholdi's ten-foot-tall bronze replica of the Statue of Liberty.","When it was created, this museum inherited the painting collection of the Luxembourg Museum.","In 2007, a vandal entered this museum and punctured Pont d'Argenteuil by Monet.","This building was originally designed by Victor Laloux as an attraction for the 1900 World's Fair, and wasn't fully converted into a museum until 1986.","For 10 points, name this art museum housed in a former Parisian railway station that is famed for its Impressionist and Post-Impressionist collections."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a70.json b/tossups/70/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9ed1ad70fde1632fc5ed35f972189c06c52d1e99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df7ca243aee49db2f76a70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.76],[3.88,8.72],[8.84,15.32],[15.44,20.08],[20.2,27.6],[27.72,35.48],[35.6,43.28]],"texts":["The Dawson integral is used in this function's imaginary counterpart.","The nth Hermite polynomial is proportional to the n+1 derivative of this function.","The Q-function is equivalent to one-half minus one-half this function, evaluated at x over the square root of 2.","This function appears in the solution to partial differential equations like Fick's Second Law.","This function of x arises from the integral of the exponential of negative x squared, an integral which has no elementary analytical solution.","It equals zero at zero, one at infinity, and in general, equals twice the cumulative normal distribution function, shifted down one-half.","For 10 points, name this sigmoidal function which shares its name with \"type I\" and \"type II\" methods of making mistakes in statistical testing."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df8012e66cc66ca571d070.json b/tossups/70/62df8012e66cc66ca571d070.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f910603eaa273ad2b9101ac15364a57fd09b97ec
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,12.08],[12.2,17.16],[17.28,20.84],[20.96,28.0],[28.12,35.6],[35.72,43.24]],"texts":["One piece of this type is only forty six bars long and was written for Anton Stoll while its composer was working on The Magic Flute.","The musical analogue of anthems written by English composers, these pieces include Mozart's Ave verum corpus,","as well as a piece celebrating a gift of a golden rose for the high altar of Santa Maria del Fiore.","That last great isorhythmic one is called Nuper rosarum flores.","The \"grande\" and \"petit\" varieties of these pieces were mastered by Jean-Baptiste Lully, who included soloists in them.","First composed by the Notre Dame school and later by Guillames de Machaut and Dufay, they typically consisted of a discant sung over a cantus firmus.","For 10 points, name this typically polyphonic setting of a sacred text, one of the most popular forms of medieval music along with madrigals."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df8012e66cc66ca571d270.json b/tossups/70/62df8012e66cc66ca571d270.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.68],[8.8,16.6],[16.72,21.08],[21.2,29.72],[29.84,37.04]],"texts":["For an undulator, the most prominent value for this quantity is proportional to the Lorentz gamma squared over the sum one plus the product of the Lorentz gamma squared and the angle squared.","For alternating current in a conductor, the skin depth is given by the square root of the quantity two over the product of permeability, conductivity, and this quantity.","The levels of the quantum harmonic oscillator are quantized in discrete units of this quantity.","The energy of a photon is given by Planck's constant times this quantity, and for a pendulum, this quantity is given by the square root of the gravitational acceleration over the length.","For 10 points, identify this quantity in physics which is the inverse of the period and has units of inverse seconds, or hertz."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75770.json b/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75770.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75770.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.12],[3.24,10.16],[10.28,17.96],[18.08,25.44],[25.56,30.52]],"texts":["This structure is found immediately ventral to the pouch of Douglas.","Scarring in this organ can lead to Asherman's syndrome, and Gartner's ducts may remain in the broad ligament of this organ rather than vanishing during gestation.","Agenesis of this organ occurs in MRKH syndrome, and this organ can also be bicornate or unicornate in other malformations.","This organ's lining, the endometrium, is sloughed off during menstruation, and when zygotes implant outside of it, ectopic pregnancy occurs.","For 10 points, name this organ of the female reproductive system in which gestation occurs."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75770.opus b/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75770.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75870.json b/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75870.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,12.68],[12.8,16.68],[16.8,21.48],[21.6,28.08],[28.2,32.04]],"texts":["Factions of this party include the 1992 Committee and the Cornerstone Group, and it has a controversial association with the Monday Club.","This party passed the Sunningdale Agreement and instituted a three day work week during coal shortages under Edward Heath.","One leader of this party came to power after its opposition suffered the Winter of Discontent.","One member of this party cited an old woman who refused to lease to immigrants in his Rivers of Blood speech.","This party of Enoch Powell was led by a politician whose unpopular poll tax led to John Major's ascendance and who invaded the Falklands Island.","For 10 points, name this British political party which opposes Labor."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75870.opus b/tossups/70/62df83920c3a38102cd75870.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/70/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37870.json b/tossups/70/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37870.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.48],[7.6,10.88],[11.0,17.96],[18.08,25.52],[25.64,35.24]],"texts":["This man's liberalism was the product of his Swiss tutor, Frederic Cesar de La Harge, and resulted in his lifting a ban on citizens of his country traveling abroad.","He replaced the \"colleges\" system of governance with the Private Committee.","This man's government was employing August von Kotzebue when Kotzebue's assassination sparked Austria to issue the Carlsbad Decrees.","He sent an army to aid Prussia, which lost at Friedland, leading to this man's boarding a raft in the Niemen River, where he agreed to join the Continental System.","For 10 points, name this signer of the Treaty of Tilsit who ruled Russia during the Napoleonic Wars and was succeeded upon his mysterious 1825 death by Nicholas I."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37970.json b/tossups/70/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37970.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/70/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37970.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,11.04],[11.16,16.4],[16.52,24.96],[25.08,29.84],[29.96,34.4],[34.52,40.16]],"texts":["Exchange of this substance is used to determine which amino acid residues of a protein are exposed,","and in spectroscopy a lamp containing this substance is used to create a continuous spectrum in the UV range.","Reacting two atoms of this substance together produces four mega-electron volts of kinetic energy,","and this substance formed after the universe cooled below 0.1 mega electron-volts a few minutes after the big bang in the first step of nucleosynthesis.","In IR spectroscopy incorporation of this substance causes absorption to shift to lower frequencies.","It is the first product of the proton-proton chain and is quickly consumed to form helium.","For 10 points, name this substance found in heavy water, an isotope of hydrogen with mass two."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df8ab610329be735a33d70.json b/tossups/70/62df8ab610329be735a33d70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..862420f3d18209d5fc7c1cf697fcd40de02c80a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df8ab610329be735a33d70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.2],[5.32,9.52],[9.64,17.4],[17.52,23.4],[23.52,28.96],[29.08,35.2]],"texts":["This politician's Environment Minister revealed that this man wore a hearing aid to cover up his slight deafness.","He said the only food worse than British food is Finnish when complaining about the Olympics,","and he described British policies as part of \"Anglo-Saxon ultraliberalism.\" This man's chosen Prime Minister was accused of investigating his rivals in the Clearstream Affair.","He served as Prime Minister from 1986 to 1988 during the \"cohabitation\" period with Francois Mitterrand.","This man won his second term as president by defeating far right politician Jean-Marie Le Pen.","For 10 points, name this President of France from 1995 to 2007 who was succeeded by Nicolas Sarkozy."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62df8ab610329be735a33e70.json b/tossups/70/62df8ab610329be735a33e70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ccd54a4abd9dfc9bebb5387c8959961cb8f57ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62df8ab610329be735a33e70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.6],[7.72,20.6],[20.72,25.04],[25.16,32.88],[33.0,36.64]],"texts":["During a Columbus Day speech at Carnegie Hall, this man said \"there is no room\" in the US for \"hyphenated Americans.\" At a party convention,","this man said \"We stand at Armageddon and we battle for the Lord.\" He gave a speech called \"Citizenship in a Republic,\" which has a passage that says \"it is not the critic who counts,\" but \"the man who is actually in the arena.\" With Candido Rondon,","this man led a 1913 scientific expedition to the \"River of Doubt\" in Brazil.","He was shot in 1912 by John Schrank while campaigning for President, but said it \"took more than that to kill a Bull Moose.\" For 10 points,","name this man who earlier succeeded William McKinley as President."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95670.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95670.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..819c94393adaf432d334d0f310b54ef1bbc192e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95670.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,17.84],[17.96,26.36],[26.48,33.08],[33.2,40.72],[40.84,47.84],[47.96,54.72]],"texts":["One character in this novel writes the names Edison and \"Motsart\" on a wall in green and red chalk, then writes her initials and the word \"pussy\" under them.","That character from this novel contains parts of her thoughts in an \"inside room\" and is last seen eating a chocolate sundae and drinking beer while imagining herself defending a piano from men trying to repossess 2 it.","A character in this novel ofen argues with the preacher Simms at the carnival where he works, and argues about Marxism with a black doctor who named his son Karl Marx.","In this novel, Bubber runs away from home afer shooting Baby Wilson with a BB gun when his sister scares him with stories about jail,","and the hefy male owner of the New York Caf´e locks himself in his cellar at night to try on his dead wife Alice's perfume and fantasize about being a mother.","The central character of this novel befriends the black doctor Benedict Copeland, but shoots himself afer the death of his insane Greek friend Spiros An-tonapoulos.","For 10 points, name this novel about four characters who confde in the deaf mute John Singer, written by Carson McCullers."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95770.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95770.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e282ea25a71dff58ffbad7b23db9fa4afece0706
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95770.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,11.28],[11.4,15.8],[15.92,21.08],[21.2,27.0],[27.12,30.6],[30.72,37.36],[37.48,45.48]],"texts":["In the title of his last speech in front of the Senate, Zachariah Chandler of Michigan identifed his association with this group.","A leader of this group had an afair with Kate Sprague, and was reportedly chased out of her home with a gun by her husband.","That leader was the last man to turn down a Supreme Court seat afer being confrmed by the Senate.","This group included the senators John Logan of Illinois and J. Donald Cameron of Pennsylvania,","as well as a certain man who objected to appointment of Judge William Robertson as a violation of the secret Treaty of Fifh Avenue,","under which he was supposed to have the right to name the collector of the Port of New York.","Identifcation with this group was shouted by Charles Gui-teau upon assassinating James Garfeld, exclaiming that Arthur is now president.","For 10 points, name this Republican faction associated with Roscoe Conkling which supported Ulysses Grant in 1880 over the \"Half-Breeds\" like James G. Blaine."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95870.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95870.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..187b557cd08be86cc5d99b12972d89c6cf7032d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95870.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,11.36],[11.48,22.64],[22.76,30.76],[30.88,35.64],[35.76,45.08],[45.2,48.8],[48.92,55.24],[55.36,59.4]],"texts":["A story titled afer this person concerns an insomniac scholar who wrote a book supporting De Quincey's claim \"Not one thing,","but everything tradition attributes to this fgure is false.\" In The Critic as Artist,","Oscar Wilde claims \"every great man\" is surrounded by followers and \"it is usually this man who writes the biography.\" Ferdinando Petrucelli della Gattina wrote a book titled \"the memoirs\" of this character,","who in another book is lured by Niza into an ambush organized by an operative called \"The Hooded Man.\" In a short story named for this man,","Nils Runeberg theorizes that God chose this man as his total 1 incarnation.","In a chapter of Master and Margarita ironically titled \"How the Procurator Tried to Save this character,\" Pilate orders the death of this man from Kerioth, who Kaifa hired to spy on Ha-Notsri.","Borges wrote a story titled \"Three Versions of\" this character,","who appears in Cocytus being chewed by Satan's three monstrous heads alongside Cassius and Brutus in the lowest circle of Dante's Inferno.","For 10 points, name this Apostle who betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95970.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95970.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..af565d93dd99e0edc905b85a9b12661a6e4e46a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95970.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,15.92],[16.04,18.32],[18.44,28.84],[28.96,30.44],[30.56,38.92],[39.04,44.88],[45.0,50.08]],"texts":["This man devoted a chapter to attacking anti-Semitism in his childhood memoir entitled The Crucifixion of Liberty, which was translated by his son Gleb.","At the outbreak of World War II, the New York Times organized a parade for his arrival in America with his wife, the Australian journalist Lydia Tritton, aka Nell Tritton,","who helped him to escape Franco's troops.","A disastrous military operation called the Galician Ofensive was ordered by this man during his time as Minister of War, afer which he dismissed Alexei Brusilov as general and promoted Lavr Kornilov,","whom he'd later have arrested.","He was elected as frst vice chairman of the Petrograd Soviet, where he allegedly jumped on a table and declared his intent to become Justice Minister in the Provisional Government.","In that government, he succeeded Georgy Lvov as Prime Minister, and stayed in power until the October Revolution.","For 10 points, name this man who led Russia in 1917 before his removal by Lenin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b70.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b70.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.72],[6.84,11.04],[11.16,17.96],[18.08,26.48],[26.6,32.2],[32.32,39.32]],"texts":["The brand name Vysis is used by a series of devices employed in this technique, which come in \"dual-fusion\" and \"break-apart\" variants.","A common application of this technique is to detect the fusion of BCR and ABL.","The techniques SKY and CGH are alternatives to a \"multiplex\" version of this technique which typically uses 24 different colors.","It's not PCR, but telomere length can be determined using either a quantitative version of this technique or a version which combines this technique with flow cytometry.","A stain such as DAPI can be used to label metaphase chromosomes attached to a glass slide in this technique.","For 10 points, name this technique in which chromogenic or fluorescent probes are used to detect individual genetic sequences within chromosomes."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c70.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22422c07b1ac171fb8808147fc039fd3c98bde0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,10.64],[10.76,17.44],[17.56,26.56],[26.68,30.24],[30.36,36.56],[36.68,44.36]],"texts":["In the late 1930's, this musician recorded a number of solo pieces, including \"The Crave\" and \"Don't You Leave Me Here,\"for General Records,","which was released on an album titled for \"Memories\" of his home city.","During a recording session, this bandleader once brandished a pistol against the trombonist Zue Robertson, because he refused to play the melody correctly.","This man often played in a duet with King Oliver, who played the cornet when performing this man's standard \"Froggie Moore.\" The banjoist John Saint Cyr was a part of this man's group Red Hot Peppers,","which would often perform the \"Black Bottom Stomp,\" a standard he composed.","In an interview, this man claimed that his predecessor Buddy Bolden played ragtime, while he himself invented jazz.","For 10 points, name this early New Orleans pianist who composed the \"King Porter Stomp,\"and who took his name from a slang term referring to female genitalia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d70.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ff32b0deddb6faad0bb52918c6a96016fb2647c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.4],[6.52,14.32],[14.44,20.36],[20.48,26.72],[26.84,31.2],[31.32,36.48],[36.6,45.4],[45.52,49.84]],"texts":["A poem by this man contains a passage that reads \"They must hold against The fire rain or when sometime it seems upwards,","hands down against pilloried sell quickly took her bearings did not appear entirely a height of five thousand feet,\" and is divided into 111 numbered sections.","Another of his poems, which includes the lines \"sometimes they were in sordid sexual situations; at others,","a smidgen of fun would intrude on our day,\" features the Vivians and was inspired by the work of outsider artist Henry Darger.","This author included the long poem \"Europe\" in his collection The Tennis Court Oath.","He wrote \"Girls on the Run\" and won the Yale Younger Poets Prize for his collection Some Trees.","Another of his poems features the lines \"the right hand Bigger than the head, thrust at the viewer,\" and \"The glass chose to reflect only what he saw.\" For 10 points,","name this New York School poet of \"Self Portrait in a Convex Mirror.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e70.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..736e484efad01ae441648d0da175e0509c6af89f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,13.36],[13.48,19.12],[19.24,28.2],[28.32,30.56],[30.68,36.92]],"texts":["This character marries a \"minor movingpicture magnate\" in Hollywood and divorces him in Mexico five years later.","This character washes her mouth out with soap after kissing Charlie; earlier, she wrestles with a brother for kissing \"a dirty girl like Natalie.\" At her father's funeral,","this character pays her brother a hundred dollars to see her daughter, whom she later attempts to send two hundred dollars a month.","That brother notices her muddy drawers as she climbs a tree, and repeatedly remarks that this character \"smells of trees.\" This character's favorite brother, for whom she names her daughter,","thinks of her before committing suicide at Harvard.","For 10 points, name this sister of Jason, Quentin, and Benjy Compson in William Faulkner's The Sound and the Fury."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f70.json b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f70.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94b292e22e9e96919a49db4aa8465e6ce2494170
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/70/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f70.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.96],[5.08,10.16],[10.28,18.08],[18.2,25.16],[25.28,34.64],[34.76,39.0]],"texts":["A pope with this name led an Italian league that fought off Saracen pirates at the Battle of Ostia,","and ordered the construction of a wall around a namesake \"City\" that included the Borgo and the Vatican.","Another pope of this name tried to organize a crusade against Selim I, but was better known for his high spending and ownership of a white elephant named Hanno.","The most recent pope with this name issued an encyclical calling for capitalism to address the concerns of the working class, titled Rerum Novarum.","The successor of Julius II had this name, and his construction of Saint Peter's Basilica led to the sale of indulgences, criticism of which led him to issue the papal bull Exsurge Domine.","For 10 points, name this papal name whose tenth holder was an opponent of Martin Luther."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b71.json b/tossups/71/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dabf7b1e0890332fa5965167f8502ad2a1e8ba33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b71.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.12],[9.24,16.2],[16.32,22.52],[22.64,39.04],[39.16,44.6]],"texts":["In one story by this author, a man orchestrates a love triangle, but he is chased down and killed by a stone thrown by Fransine; that story is about the title councilor and struggling writer.","Another of this author's stories includes a smaller tale, \"The Wine of the Tetrarch,\" which is told by a cardinal who is actually an actor in disguise;","that story by this author begins a collection that also tells of the ghost of Morton who speaks to his sisters, Fanny and Eliza.","This author of \"The Poet\" wrote of Prince Potenziani who asks Count Nino to impregnate his wife in \"The Roads Round Pisa\" and also wrote of Calypso and Miss Malin in a story of a huge flood as part of a collection that includes \"The Supper at Elsinore\" and \"The Deluge at Norderney.\" For 10 points,","name this author of Seven Gothic Tales as well as a memoir about time spent in Kenya titled Out of Africa."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8771.json b/tossups/71/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8771.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c240d134087b06d97d7cd183134a872ee2173a02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8771.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,15.24],[15.36,22.72],[22.84,30.16],[30.28,35.28],[35.4,43.96]],"texts":["Marie Arana took a chapter title in her biography of this man from a novel that uses his quote \"It seems that the devil controls the business of my life\" as an epigraph.","In John Green's Looking for Alaska, Pudge finds part of a line spoken by this man, \"straight and fast is the only way out,\" written in the margins.","This man rides, Christ-like, into several towns on a mule and sleeps with Queen Marie Louise in a novel in which he travels along the Magdalena River.","Since Daniel O'Leary refused to burn this leader's late writings, an author was able to use them as a source for a 1989 novel depicting his last days,","in which he learns that Rafael Urdaneta has taken over government and his friend Sucre has been killed.","For 10 points, name this protagonist of Gabriel Garcia Marquez's The General in His Labyrinth, the real-life author of the \"Jamaica letter\" and first president of Gran Colombia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec71.json b/tossups/71/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aec71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66edb7551f410d577def542309c547393580502c
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,13.32],[13.44,20.56],[20.68,26.84],[26.96,31.84],[31.96,40.8]],"texts":["This author wrote a novel whose first paragraph mentions Robert Kennedy's friendship with the protagonist, who visits Deborah after he gets sick at a cocktail party.","The photographer John Naar collaborated with this author to examine the history of the title art form in the book The Faith of Graffiti.","Another nonfiction book follows this author as the protagonist where he joins his friend Mitch Goodman at the 1967 March on Washington.","This author created a character who poops his pants during the opening action scene and is later killed by a hand grenade.","In that book, this author created Sam Croft, who crushes a baby bird and kills a prisoner-of-war.","For 10 points, name this American author of TheArmies of the Night, who expanded upon his experience fighting in the Philippines in World War II in The Naked and the Dead."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738771.json b/tossups/71/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738771.json
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e71.json b/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e71.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e71.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.32],[4.44,10.96],[11.08,14.92],[15.04,21.28],[21.4,28.52],[28.64,34.6],[34.72,41.6]],"texts":["In Hungarian mythology, three children named Almafi were all born from these objects.","In Russian mythology, Ivan the Mute used two of these objects to rejuvenate two seamstresses, who gave him a magical handkerchief,","and those belonging to Tsar Vyslav Andronovich were routinely stolen by the Firebird.","In the Celtic legend of the voyage of Maeldun, these objects are devoured by the beasts which inhabit the Island of the Fiery Swine.","While wooing Gerd, Skirnir offers her eleven of these objects, and the old Volsung was conceived after Rerir's wife consumed one of these items.","Thiazzi kidnapped Idun to obtain them, and three of these objects were dropped by Hippomenes to distract Atalanta during a race.","Presented by Paris to Aphrodite, for 10 points, identify these edible objects, also found in the Garden of the Hesperides."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f71.json b/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f71.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f71.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.4],[9.52,12.72],[12.84,17.92],[18.04,23.68],[23.8,32.44],[32.56,35.84],[35.96,43.96]],"texts":["A type of magnetoresistive RAM uses a spin-polarized current to reorient the magnetization of a layer of a TMR element; that type is called spin this transfer.","A stepper motor has different \"pull-in\" and \"pull-out\" values of this.","In 1939 Richard Beth measured this exerted on a doubly-refracting plate by polarized light.","The cogging type of this is minimized in motors and results from the interaction between rotor and stator magnets.","Four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration are called a \"load cell\" or a this \"transducer,\" which is one component of a quality-control device that measures this quantity.","Precession is called \"gyroscopic\" if induced by this quantity.","For 10 points, name this cross product of displacement with force, equal to the time derivative of angular momentum, the rotational analogue of force."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0408071.json b/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0408071.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4490708694705956256e40ba7e146b7304bb0d32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62df3ddba2602b93e0408071.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,17.96],[18.08,22.92],[23.04,27.48],[27.6,36.92],[37.04,44.56]],"texts":["One of his compositions for six vocalists is based on a single B-flat ninth chord and requires the singers to emphasize overtones up to the 24th partial .","He included a serialized part for a mime making prayer gestures in his Inori, and Plus-Minus was the first of his \"process compositions.\" His work with indeterminacy includes Zyklus,","a spirally-bound score that can begin on any page, and Refrain, which features circular notation.","Another piece is scored for three orchestras with three conductors, and is called Gruppen.","Each part of his most ambitious work opens with a \"Greeting\" and ends with a \"Farewell.\" The \"Farewell\" for Thursday was played, at its premiere, from the rooftops of the square outside La Scala.","For 10 points, identify this composer of several Klavierstucke, the seven-part operatic cycle Licht, and the Helicopter Quartet."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df7ca243aee49db2f76971.json b/tossups/71/62df7ca243aee49db2f76971.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..73285ecb424845db90bfd24876192398d40e20d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62df7ca243aee49db2f76971.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,10.84],[10.96,21.48],[21.6,25.12],[25.24,32.08]],"texts":["An attempt to end this operation triggered the first use of Tiger tanks and was the Sinyavino Offensive, which was countered by Operation Northern Light.","Early on in this battle, food supplies were destroyed at Badajevski,","but were partially mitigated by a supply route nicknamed the \"Road of Life.\" Georgy Zhukov commanded the defense of the city involved in this event before it was surrounded by Army Group North in September 1941;","it would not break free of the encirclement until January 1944.","For 10 points, name this protracted battle between the Soviets and the Nazis, fought for approximately 900 days in what was formerly Saint Petersburg."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df8012e66cc66ca571d071.json b/tossups/71/62df8012e66cc66ca571d071.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.84],[5.96,13.0],[13.12,21.24],[21.36,28.32],[28.44,34.44]],"texts":["In a novel by this author, Ephraim Jekinson scams Moses out of his money and cheats the protagonist out of a horse.","That novel ends with George's marriage to Arabella Wilmot and the revelation that Sophia is actually married to Mister Burchell's alter ego, Squire Thornhill.","In one of this author's plays, two men at the Three Pigeons pub are tricked into staying at a mansion that they believe is an inn, causing them to treat the owners like servants.","In that play, Hastings and his lover Constance steal some jewels with Tony Lumpkin, and Charles Marlow is wooed by a woman disguised as a barmaid.","For 10 points, name this author who created Doctor Primrose and Kate Hardcastle in The Vicar of Wakefield and She Stoops to Conquer."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df8012e66cc66ca571d271.json b/tossups/71/62df8012e66cc66ca571d271.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..33bdf5341813db50be7d231b3840db195054e21f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62df8012e66cc66ca571d271.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,12.56],[12.68,17.08],[17.2,25.44],[25.56,31.44]],"texts":["This ruler founded a hospital meant to hold 300 called the Fifteen Score and traded territory with Spain in the Treaty of Corbeil.","Blanche of Castille served as regent in the early reign of this ruler, marked by a victory over Raymond VII at the Battle of Languedoc.","Later, this ruler defeated a force loyal to Henry III at the Battle of Taillebourg.","He died of a stomach illness after allying with his brother Charles of Anjou in an attack on Tunis, and was earlier captured at the Battle of Fariskur by the Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt.","For 10 points, name this French king who went on the Seventh and Eighth Crusades, the only French king to be canonized."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62df83920c3a38102cd75871.json b/tossups/71/62df83920c3a38102cd75871.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,16.2],[16.32,25.04],[25.16,31.72],[31.84,39.28]],"texts":["One character in this story astonishes the narrator by tracing his train of thought from a fruiterer to street stones, stereotonomy, Epicurus, Orion, and the cobbler Chantilly.","This story begins by asserting that excellence at chess merely requires calculation, while excellence at whist and checkers requires analysis.","The central character of this short story observes the peculiarity of testimony by people of diverse nationalities, who all describe hearing a gruff voice in a language they do not understand.","This locked room mystery describes the seemingly impossible deaths of Madame L'Espanaye and her daughter, who is found stuffed up a chimney.","For 10 points, name this Edgar Allan Poe short story in which C. Auguste Dupin proves that the title double homicide was committed by an orangutang."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37871.json b/tossups/71/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37871.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..178bad85a6413846af8fc2b3616295a48e884994
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37871.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.76],[3.88,12.72],[12.84,18.24],[18.36,23.24],[23.36,27.88],[28.0,33.08]],"texts":["This object belongs to a boy named Kenneth in the unpublished short story,","\"The Ocean Full of Bowling Balls.\" One character throws an essay on this object in the trash because it was on the wrong subject, leading to a fight between him and his roommate.","Jane Gallagher is the only non-family member to have seen this object, which is covered by poems written in green ink.","This object belonged to a left-handed boy who died on July 18, 1946 of leukemia.","That night, his brother, who now treasures this object, broke all the windows in the garage.","For 10 points, name this object kept by Holden Caulfield and which was presumably used by his brother Allie to catch fly balls."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37971.json b/tossups/71/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37971.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2aa1f81d031b529f80a52e702cb002ed5986f6e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37971.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,9.84],[9.96,15.52],[15.64,19.32],[19.44,24.28],[24.4,32.32],[32.44,36.32]],"texts":["One section of this work states that a carried object does not have some kind of intrinsic property that makes it carried.","One character says that he has difficulty believing the story of the castration of Uranus.","Another character in this work argues that the gods would still be unclear about punishing a man who killed without cause.","Meletus is described as having a beak and a bad beard in this work.","The title character is pressing charges against his own father because his father allowed one of his slaves to die.","It takes place a few weeks before Socrates' trial, and Socrates is asking the title character for legal advice since he's facing an impiety charge.","For 10 points, name this Platonic dialog which concerns the nature of piety."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62df8ab610329be735a33e71.json b/tossups/71/62df8ab610329be735a33e71.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.0],[8.12,13.2],[13.32,15.2],[15.32,22.4],[22.52,27.36],[27.48,31.28]],"texts":["One class of methods for performing this operation takes the sum from one to n of a weighting function times a function and is accurate to degree two n minus one.","The number of increments must be a multiple of three in order to use the 3/8 rule for this procedure.","That class is named for Gauss.","The n equals two case of the Newton-Cotes formula for this procedure approximates a curve using parabolas, and is called Simpson's Rule.","This procedure can more easily be done with trapezoids or rectangles, when it's called a Riemann sum.","For 10 points, name this procedure used to find the area under a curve."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95671.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95671.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b41d9dd15314f06187dc63358ac64656a965bad1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95671.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,13.08],[13.2,20.32],[20.44,29.68],[29.8,33.52],[33.64,40.32],[40.44,48.68],[48.8,56.28]],"texts":["In a lecture which began as rebuttal to one Hieronymus Lorm, this philosopher argued that the history of philosophy cy-cles through periods composed of four phases, beginning with ascendancy,","and declining into pragmatic concerns, skepticism, and mysticism.","In a 1982 paper, Roderick Chisholm argued that this thinker's \"non-propositional\" theory of judgment was able to deal with compound judgments.","Oskar Kraus and Alfred Kastil were among the students that this man attracted to his doctrine that the entia rationis were not real; that doctrine, given its name by Tadeusz Kotarbinski,","was called \"reism.\"This teacher of Anton Marty, Carl Stumpf,","and Alexius Meinong formulated a distinction between \"genetic psychology\" and \"psychognosy\" in his appropriately titled Descriptive Psycholog,","and insisted that \"every psychic phenomenon contains some-thing as an object within itself,\" in his most famous work, Psycholog from an Empirical Standpoint.","For 10 points, identify this originator of phenomenology who developed the concept of \"aboutness\" or \"intentionality,\" and taught Edmund Husserl."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95771.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95771.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53e781a8cff949d63a04a21815384c13ae9bd5cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95771.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.92],[10.04,22.76],[22.88,31.72],[31.84,37.56],[37.68,52.68],[52.8,60.48]],"texts":["One work about this concept argues that it is characterized by a new type of \"emotional ground tone\" called \"intensities\" where extreme moments of outrageous emotion counter a general waning of afect across society.","Ibn Hassan designed a two-column chart in The Dismemberment of Orpheus diferentiating this idea from another concept by comparing a series of diametrically opposed characteristics such as \"God the Father\" versus \"The Holy Ghost\" and \"semantics\" versus \"rhetoric\".","This concept's efect on space is explored in a famous analysis of the L.A. Westin Bonaventure hotel examining its unmarked entrances and intentionally confusing store layout.","A book about this term identifes its symptoms as a breakdown between high and low culture, a new \"depthlessness\",","and a new form of \"blank parody\" that cannibalizes the past for empty styliza-tions devoid of political awareness called a \"pastiche.\" A \"report on knowledge\" commissioned by the government of Quebec famously defned it as an \"incredulity towards meta-narratives.\" For 10 points,","name this term identifed with the \"cultural logic of late capitalism\" by Frederic Jameson whose \"condition\" was diagnosed by Jean-Francois Lyotard."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95871.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95871.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b2f7b9aac5df62fad6228198905b0d0f8ddcd28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95871.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.72],[8.84,15.6],[15.72,23.56],[23.68,32.32],[32.44,41.28],[41.4,49.88],[50.0,58.72]],"texts":["The fnale of this piece consists of three separate dance melodies, the frst of which alternates units of two and three eighth notes and is reprised in 2/2 time in the coda.","Its second movement begins a theme in the violins afer a silence, and ends with an extended pizzicato passage played with fngernails.","The frst movement of this piece is a fugue starting on A in the violas, which then goes both ways around the circle of ffhs until it climaxes on E-fat.","Its composer tried evoking the Baroque con-certo grosso by devising a seating plan in which part of the orchestra is split into two antiphonal halves and placed on opposite sides of the stage.","This piece plays when Danny goes to get his fretruck, only to discover Jack sitting awake on his bed, and when Jack looks down upon the model of the hedge maze, in The Shining.","The xylophones play a series of high Fs in accor-dance with the Fibonacci sequence, and the timpani play an unusual glissandi, in this piece's third movement Adagio,","which exemplifes the composer's \"night music.\" For 10 points, name this Bartok composition for two sections of the orchestra and an instrument similar to the piano."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95971.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95971.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9e58405d483ec7843df2d051dc1835faf9193640
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95971.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.28],[10.4,32.92],[33.04,37.68],[37.8,44.36],[44.48,52.0],[52.12,55.68]],"texts":["In a 2008 work intended to be a \"revisiting\" of the original work in which this concept appeared, this concept's originator identifed pragmatism as the \"enemy par excellence\" of his project.","Andy Clark criticized this concept for trading on a \"con-fused reliance on the idea of a symbol's physical presence.\" In the article \"Connectionism and Cognitive Architecture,\" the originator of this concept argued that the \"architecture of the mind is not a connectionist network,\" partly due to the system-aticity inherent in understanding both the phrase \"John loves the girl,\" and \"the girl loves John.\" The work which introduced this concept argued that all cognitive processes are computational,","and argues contra Wittgenstein that a private language is not only possible but must exist;","that work lays out some evidence for the existence of the \"internal code\" which is supposed to make up the data structures required by this concept.","For 10 points, identify this concept according to which cognitive processes are realized by a symbolic system together with syntactic operations over tokens,","introduced by Jerry Fodor in a 1975 book of the same name."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a71.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95a71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e95afdc94d1850aa5f6405d776999b4c9969d7c4
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,11.36],[11.48,19.84],[19.96,27.52],[27.64,34.88],[35.0,41.56]],"texts":["This explorer was put on trial after he drunkenly attempted to hang two of his own crew members from a tree because they strayed too far from camp - as a result,","this man briefly lost his seat on the Council of Justice and had to issue a public apology.","During one expedition, he was sent to search for a \"golden kingdom\" of Lavo, but a mistranslation of Marco Polo in German led him to sail in a different direction.","His companions included the merchant Isaac Gilsemans, whose drawings depict their travels, and the carpenter Frans Visscher, who planted flags for him in the name of Prince Frederick Hendrick.","This man named the Three Kings Islands after founding Storm Bay and the Forestier Peninsula, and then nearly wrecked while founding the Fiji Islands.","For 10 points, name this explorer who sailed from Batavia to discover Van Diemen's Land, which is now named in his honor."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b71.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4b07f05940bc2e84424d388f89a96a8fe7db78d1
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.36],[10.48,18.4],[18.52,27.92],[28.04,37.64],[37.76,47.32]],"texts":["This man included a refrain about being \"Welcomed gladly, and spurned by everyone\" in a poem which opens with a description of himself \"dying of thirst beside the fountain.\" Shortly before his death,","this man published a joking quatrain proclaiming \"my neck will learn the weight of my ass.\" A poem by this man describes men \"rinsed and laundered by the rain,","And by the sunlight dried and blackened too,\" who \"to and fro sway at the wind's fantasy.\" Jean Buridan's apocryphal death by drowning in the Seine is referenced in one of this man's poems,","which mentions the burning of Joan of Arc before exhorting \"Nay, never ask this week, fair lord, Where they are gone, nor yet this year.\" Dante Gabriel Rossetti translated that poem,","which features the refrain \"But where are the snows of yesteryear?\" For 10 points, name this French ne'er-do-well who wrote The Testament, which includes \"The Ballad of Dead Ladies.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c71.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d36c14afb9d9399ac3c6f6c286838530a591cb87
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+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c71.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,14.04],[14.16,21.4],[21.52,28.64],[28.76,38.64],[38.76,43.0],[43.12,48.32]],"texts":["A character created by this author buys a copy of The Lives of the Saints with money earned making boots.","That character refuses to reveal who he saw digging an escape tunnel, even though the digger was responsible for planting a bloody dagger in his bag and framing him for murder years earlier.","A character created by this author cuts off his own finger in order to thwart the seductive efforts of Makovkina, who joins a convent in response.","Another of this man's characters falls to his death while clearing snow from a roof, shortly after his father prevents him from marrying the cook Ustinya.","This author of \"God Sees the Truth, But Waits\" and \"Father Sergius\" wrote a story in which a prophetic dream is confirmed when, despite barely making it back to the Bashkirs by sunset,","Pahom collapses and dies, after which his servant buries him under six feet of earth.","For 10 points, name this author of \"Alyosha the Pot\" and \"How Much Land Does a Man Need?\"."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d71.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b8ef7db8b258a87f0feb3eb6e95c85c1ae2d3e12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d71.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.32],[8.44,15.16],[15.28,22.64],[22.76,29.44],[29.56,35.04],[35.16,41.0],[41.12,48.24]],"texts":["One member of this group fractured his skull when he was pushed down a marble staircase at the Royal Automobile Club on Pall Mall after a drunken argument, causing lifelong mental trauma.","Another probable member wrote a book on the \"Social History of Christian Polygamy\" entitled After Polygamy Was Made a Sin and a study on Moliere.","This group was assisted by the publisher of the New Republic, Michael Whitney Straight, and had its regular activities planned out by Theodore Maly.","Their number likely included John Cairncross as well as Anthony Blunt and several members of the Apostles Club, who often approached employees working at Bletchley Park.","A more famous member's meeting with Australian actress Coral Brown is the basis of Alan Bennett's film An Englishman Abroad.","Those members were Donald Maclean and the flamboyantly gay Guy Burgess, who tried to protect its principal by fleeing separately.","Uncovered by the Venona project, for 10 points, name this Soviet spy ring led by a namesake double agent in Britain around 1950."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e71.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..da0641d805b732794c4d858c45053244e2fdbe07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e71.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,11.48],[11.6,19.52],[19.64,26.24],[26.36,30.6],[30.72,35.44],[35.56,40.88]],"texts":["One of these objects is owned by a giant whose wife births a fully armed son every six weeks.","That owner of one of these objects, who escapes a plot to roast him alive in an iron house, is named Llasar Llaes Gyfnewid.","Along with a staff and a platter, Bran gives one to Matholwch as reparations, which Efnisien sacrifices himself to destroy and stop it from resurrecting the Irish dead.","A non-Odin father of Tyr owns one of these objects, which was retrieved in a quest including the fishing trip in which Thor hooks Jormungand.","Hymir owns a massive one of these that the gods bring to Aegir's feast for brewing beer.","In one named Odrerir, Kvasir's blood is mixed with honey to make the mead of poetry.","For 10 points, name these metal objects in which Ceridwen and other legendary witches brew potions."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f71.json b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f71.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..efd084a77ddbf023453c259c484f80369efcbbef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/71/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f71.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,15.4],[15.52,21.92],[22.04,25.04],[25.16,32.36],[32.48,36.24]],"texts":["One of these events was partly caused by Alexander Rigby's diversion of resources to his siege of Lathom House and took place at Bolton during the English Civil War.","Another of these events occurred under the pretense that the MacDonald clan was too slow in pledging allegiance to William and Mary, but was motivated by its rivalry with the Campbells.","The sister of Sweyn Forkbeard may have died during one of these events that was motivated by tributes and Danish raids against the English.","In addition to ones named for Glencoe and Saint Brice's Day,","an event of this type occurred after a speech by Henry Hunt at a Manchester gathering in protest of poor economic conditions caused by the Corn Laws.","For 10 points, name these violent events that include one called Peterloo."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b8c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b8c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..54957e48ba31cc0ac1fe71539194b34dd373de71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b8c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.72],[4.84,12.08],[12.2,16.0],[16.12,20.64],[20.76,28.72],[28.84,33.04],[33.16,37.56]],"texts":["This group is susceptible to infection by Chirosia betuleti, which causes Knotting gall.","The family salviniaceae contains small, free-floating examples of this division of organisms, which had a huge radiation in the late Cretaceous period.","The indusium is a scaly covering for the sorii of these organisms.","This division is characterized by a small heart-shaped gametophyte stage called the prothallus.","This group, which includes marattoids, psilotales,leptosporangiates, and horsetails, are more evolved than lycophytes due to having megaphylls on their true leaves.","These organisms are among the first evolutionarily to have xylem and phloem.","For 10 points, name these seedless vascular plants, whose leaves are called fronds."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c8c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c8c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb0c6f554460e78a79fe7f5ac3b2f8e05a7d01cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c8c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.08],[3.2,5.64],[5.76,13.36],[13.48,22.68],[22.8,30.44],[30.56,36.76]],"texts":["The last bishop to rule this city was Pierre de la Baume.","Michael Servetus was put to death in this city for heresy.","A Savoyard attempt to reclaim this city, which they had ruled through both temporal and spiritual positions, was defeated in an incident called the Escalade.","Napoleon called this city \"the city where they know English too well.\" This city had an aristocratic Council of Twenty-Five that increasingly grew in power at the expense of theGeneral Council.","This birthplace of Jean Jacques Rousseau was annexed by the Directory to France, and after the Napoleonic Wars, it joined its nearby cantons in confederation.","For 10 points, name this Swiss city where John Calvin preached which sits by a namesake lake on the border with France."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e8c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e8c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23674fed7a13e8bfb4968ca6aac66439d1576bd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4e8c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,14.04],[14.16,18.88],[19.0,23.68],[23.8,26.48],[26.6,36.16],[36.28,40.48]],"texts":["This activity's \"professionalization\" is examined in the most widely cited book by professionalism theorist Eliot Freidson.","A journal focusing on \"culture\" and this activity was founded by a scholar who studied its intersection with culture in Taiwan, Arthur Kleinman.","This is the job of a man who described ways to boost efficiency in The Checklist Manifesto.","A series of seminars by David Sackett produced a seminal book on this field's \"evidence-based\" type.","Atul Gawande is a popular author in this field.","Besides being anthropologists, World Bank President Jim Kim and Paul Farmer are best known for work in this field, whose \"folk\" type places a high value on rhino horns in China.","For 10 points, what field's \"alternative\" types include homeopathy and acupuncture?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a878c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a878c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..27855e19affa4edd0c4d4a5b05054aba7d3e35a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a878c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.12],[1.24,21.72],[21.84,32.56],[32.68,33.72],[33.84,43.12],[43.24,47.52]],"texts":["In one essay,","this author attacks the writings of Jules Michelet and calls his History of France riddled with \"perilous openings for assault.\" That essay begins with the line \"What is to be thought of her?\" referencing a girl from Lorraine who rose to the \"perilous station at the right hand of kings.\" Another essay by this author includes sections titled \"The Vision of Sudden Death\" and \"Dream-Fugue,\" and was published in Blackwood's Magazine,","as was his earlier essay \"Suspiria de Profundis.\" This author of an essay on \"Joan of Arc\" recounts meeting Ann, a 16-year-old prostitute, on the corner of Oxford Street in another work.","In that work,","this author described the time when he gave a package load of a certain substance to a traveling Malay and how he began using that title substance to help him deal with his chronic stomach pains.","For 10 points, name this author of Confessions of an English Opium Eater."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae58c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae58c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ba5e838d4c80ae83340fff9ec94db77e53fc8be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae58c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.64],[7.76,17.52],[17.64,20.12],[20.24,27.04],[27.16,32.24],[32.36,37.36],[37.48,41.84]],"texts":["In one film, three friends take a trip to the wilderness before leaving for this war, during which one of them denies another a pair of spare boots, saying \"this is this\".","The opening sequence of another film set during this war transitions from a shot of a whisky glass, to one of a man lying in bed with a cigarette, to that man's eyes staring up at a ceiling fan.","In a sequence from that film set during this war,","a man peers through binoculars at a compound littered with lion statues as his boat glides toward a throng of men with white ash smeared on their chest.","Soldiers slap a man and force him to play Russian roulette in a film set during this war titled The Deer Hunter.","In another film set during it, the \"Ride of the Valkyries\" accompanies helicopters destroying a coastal village.","For 10 points, what war is depicted in Frank Coppola's film Apocalypse Now?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae68c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae68c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..60d7ae980e537853bb666e8b7d5f136b3e4a71d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae68c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,12.92],[13.04,22.0],[22.12,31.48],[31.6,37.52],[37.64,43.32]],"texts":["In phi-to-the-fourth theories, this function's density is modified by adding a quartic interaction term.","This function is defined as the product of the metric and two derivatives of coordinates along a curved spacetime in a method of solving the geodesic equation.","When this function's time derivative is zero, it obeys the identity \"F minus x-dot times dF dx-dot equals a constant,\" where F is this function.","By plugging this function as \"F\" into the equation \"the time derivative of dF dq-dot minus dF dq equals zero,\" one can derive a system's equations of motion.","This function of several \"generalized coordinates\" may be integrated with respect to time to give the action.","For 10 points, a subfield of classical mechanics is named for what function, itself named for a French scientist?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae88c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae88c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..adcbcb6b1c9aaa9f8051d3fd4b4ed58a6a855db7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae88c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,20.32],[20.44,29.68],[29.8,34.36]],"texts":["In one book, this thinker argued that analysis of a term could not be both informative and correct,","an idea which was later dubbed the \"paradox of analysis.\" Ludwig Wittgenstein argued in the book On Certainty that one of this thinker's arguments had displaced the phrase \"I know.\" That argument by this thinker was laid out in the book Proof of an External World and is known as the \"this is one hand\" argument.","This thinker attacked attempts to define what \"good\" is, calling such attempts the \"naturalistic fallacy.\" This thinker supported that fallacy using his \"open question\" argument.","For 10 points, name this English analytic philosopher, the author of Principia Ethica."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb8c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb8c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94ebf7d83bc64865b5d5143f41ccb7ed7232998c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb8c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,16.28],[16.4,19.72],[19.84,26.8],[26.92,31.8],[31.92,36.84],[36.96,43.04]],"texts":["Tourist attractions in this region include the Sign Post Forest and the \"World's Largest Weathervane,\" an entire Douglas DC-3 aircraft on a rotating pedestal.","Visitors to the Sourdough Saloon can try the Sourtoe Cocktail, seasoned with a preserved amputated human toe, in one town in this region.","This region's capital is home to a 58-foot-tall,","three-story \"log skyscraper\" which was built during a housing shortage caused by an influx of workers on a World War II project to build a road to Alaska.","Tourists in this territory's Kluane National Park can visit Canada's highest mountain, Mount Logan.","This territory's town of Dawson City contains historic buildings built during the Klondike Gold Rush.","For 10 points, name this westernmost Canadian territory, whose capital and largest city is Whitehorse."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed8c.json b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed8c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cfea0ccfd8344114e2aeebd37e67eee103f8d0a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed8c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.76],[6.88,12.84],[12.96,22.4],[22.52,30.04],[30.16,35.6]],"texts":["In a humorous twist of fate, Hikaru Nakamura told a chess player from this country \"resign when you are lost\" during a game Nakamura later drew.","At the 1995 Tal Memorial, Gary Kasparov defeated a player from this country with the rarely-used Evans Gambit.","After an 1884 match between a player from this country and John Cochrane, a series of opening defenses were named after this country and start with black playing knight to f6 on their first turn.","This country is the birthplace of the first non-Western world champion, who lost to current world champion Magnus Carlsen in their 2012 title match.","For 10 points, identify this Asian country which is the home of former world chess champion Viswanathan Anand."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73888c.json b/tossups/8c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73888c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..086badc99d11004fce525222119daa52a6dfa38b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73888c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.36],[5.48,14.92],[15.04,24.4],[24.52,29.04],[29.16,35.08],[35.2,39.44],[39.56,45.28]],"texts":["The government of this place ordered the hanging of Thomas Granger, after he was accused of having sex with animals.","Its leaders were attacked in a series of letters during the Oldham-Lyford Scandal - one man implicated in that affair, John Billington, was later executed at this place for murdering John Newcomen.","Another leader of this place was attacked in the satirical pamphlet \"The Valiant Expedition of Captain Shrimp.\" The Merchant Adventurers designated Christopher Martin to be the first governor of this place,","but he was replaced by Jonathan Carver at the behest of the Leiden Congregation.","Several men were banished from here to the Isles of Shoals, including Thomas Morton, who was accused of depraved acts at Merrymount.","A history of this place's \"Plantation\" was written by its founder, William Bradford.","For 10 points, name this colony whose members included Myles Standish, founded by settlers aboard the Mayflower."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73898c.json b/tossups/8c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73898c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5cab81401b0c63be58a7927e2bbe8c4fdaa32c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df3a4b1c64d9772f73898c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.2],[7.32,15.04],[15.16,23.84],[23.96,30.76],[30.88,39.24],[39.36,43.92]],"texts":["This book's main character had \"begun to doubt his reason\" after he strangled four canaries and cut off his own little finger when he is terrorized by the color blue.","In this novel's first chapter, \"The Morning Walk,\" the protagonist is offended that a passerby gives a blind beggar a button, prompting him to give all of his money to the beggar.","Its protagonist is haunted by a dream in which Mexican priests disguised as jaguars sacrifice him in its first section \"A Head without a World.\" In this novel,","the protagonist is horrified when his wife sells his most valuable possessions at the Theresanium, which is run by a chess-playing dwarf named Fischerle.","It largely takes place in a high-rise apartment where the protagonist rouses his books to battle and is married to a maid named Therese Krumbholz, who liquidates his library.","For 10 points, the Sinologist Pieter Kien appears in what novel by Elias Canetti?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e8c.json b/tossups/8c/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e8c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba8fca284f5553f39fe9865c800739b630cda0d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e8c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,10.88],[11.0,16.56],[16.68,21.68],[21.8,33.2],[33.32,38.56],[38.68,43.84]],"texts":["A paper by Andreoni and Miller used simulations and lab experiments to parameterize it using a revealed preference framework.","Dale Miller wrote an article in American Psychologist arguing that to deny it leads to a tautology.","The competitive form of it was introduced by Gilbert Roberts, who explained it by the handicap principle and signaling benefits.","Daniel Batson tackled the question of this behavior, which he links in a namesake hypothesis with empathy.","Pitirim Sorokin wrote a 1950 study about this type of love, subtitled as \"a Study of American Good Neighbors.\" In a book subtitled \"Toward a Social Psychological Answer,\" Along with fatalistic,","anomic, and egoistic - it was identified by Emile Durkheim as one type of suicide.","For 10 points, name this type of behavior in which agents account for benefits to people other than themselves."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7688c.json b/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7688c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bc10647fa728b43c0d3f15fd82da4eccf6e636c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7688c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,12.36],[12.48,16.16],[16.28,20.8],[20.92,26.92],[27.04,30.36]],"texts":["This thing was done at the enkoimeterion facility by sick followers of Asclepius at the holy site of Epidaurus in the hopes of receiving a vision.","Before Aeneas's helmsman Palinurus falls overboard to his death, the gods force him to do this thing.","To retain his eternal youth, Selene's lover Endymion did this thing continually.","The Greek god of this deed worked with Thanatos to carry Sarpedon's corpse from the battlefield of Troy.","Psyche first sees the face of Cupid by torchlight while he is doing this thing, which is personified by the father of Morpheus.","For 10 points, name this activity presided over by Hypnos."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7688c.opus b/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7688c.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7688c.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7698c.json b/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7698c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22add26184773f602ad9be0fbfab18b37a5efd6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df7ca243aee49db2f7698c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.96],[6.08,9.16],[9.28,13.32],[13.44,17.64],[17.76,26.64],[26.76,30.4],[30.52,34.88],[35.0,40.48]],"texts":["Ford proved a result showing that for each k, the equation this function of x equals m has exactly k solutions.","Jordan extended this function to k-tuples.","This function appears in the denominator of the definition of the Silverman Constant.","The Dirichlet convolution of one with this function returns the identity function.","This function can be used to find the order of the ring Z over n Z, and a polygon is constructable if this function of the number of sides is equal to a power of two.","For a prime input, this function returns one minus the input.","This function appears in the exponent of its namesake's extension to Fermat's little theorem.","For 10 points, name this function that returns the number of integers less than the input that are relatively prime to it."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d18c.json b/tossups/8c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d18c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..797efb99f09b29d5b437cacbfa2c643635323fc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d18c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,9.64],[9.76,15.08],[15.2,20.32],[20.44,28.36],[28.48,33.28]],"texts":["This film was based on a novel written specifically for its director by Pierre Boileau and Thomas Narcejac.","One character in this film discusses a bra that works on the same principles as a cantilevered bridge.","The European version of this film includes a tacked-on ending where a radio broadcast reveals the arrest of Gavin Elster.","This film's main character retires as a policeman after watching another officer fall to his death;","that character's obsession with Carlotta Valdes leads to him forcing Kim Novak's character Judy Barton to change her appearance to match that of Madeleine Elster.","For 10 points, name this Alfred Hitchcock film in which James Stewart's character is afraid of heights."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d28c.json b/tossups/8c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d28c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..698a4613ad6f8c23acdb22b12949d0e960950aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62df8012e66cc66ca571d28c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.56],[9.68,16.6],[16.72,20.52],[20.64,28.36],[28.48,31.72],[31.84,36.28]],"texts":["This artist designed a giant ice-skating rink called Ecliptic for Rosa Parks Circle, and approached a similar theme in a giant piece of frosted glass in Penn Station called Eclipsed Time .","For Ann Arbor, Michigan, this artist designed a series of grassy knolls that form a hilly structure for a work titled The Wave Field.","Frieda Lee Mock directed a movie about this artist called A Strong Clear Vision.","An addendum by Glenna Goodacre and Frederick Hart's Three Soldiers statue were added to this artist's most notable work, which was in part made with two large pieces of gabbro rock.","That work is inscribed with all the casualties of a certain war.","For 10 points, name this Chinese-American artist behind the Vietnam Memorial."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df83920c3a38102cd7578c.json b/tossups/8c/62df83920c3a38102cd7578c.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f0a24ee9cacce22b033fa0129e236d8039671f5
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diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3778c.json b/tossups/8c/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb3778c.json
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diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df8ab610329be735a33d8c.json b/tossups/8c/62df8ab610329be735a33d8c.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.84],[8.96,15.96],[16.08,21.6],[21.72,29.84],[29.96,34.48]],"texts":["This artist showed a yellow-clad feminine archer on horseback above cowering nude women in his sole history painting, which he retitled Misfortunes of the City of Orleans.","This painter showed four tanned European girls wearing only loincloths, who taunt nude stretching boys, in Young Spartans Exercising.","He often painted the backs of nude women combing or drying themselves, such as in Woman in the Bath and La Toilette.","This artist showed a man reading a newspaper by a table piled high with white fluff in A Cotton Office in New Orleans and painted a glum woman in his Absinthe Drinker.","For 10 points, name this French painter who was unhealthily obsessed with ballerinas."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df8ab610329be735a33f8c.json b/tossups/8c/62df8ab610329be735a33f8c.json
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/8c/62df8ab610329be735a3408c.json b/tossups/8c/62df8ab610329be735a3408c.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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diff --git a/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f8c.json b/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f8c.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,10.12],[10.24,17.44],[17.56,21.72],[21.84,25.8],[25.92,32.2],[32.32,35.52],[35.64,40.64]],"texts":["In Cherokee myth, evil little people are named for these objects, in contrast with the laurel people and dogwood people.","The Norse gods placed one deep in the earth under Lyngvi and attached it to another one named Thviti.","On the advice of Phineus, a dove was used to overcome two of these, and in book 14 of the Iliad, Ajax almost kills Hector with one.","They 're not rivers, but one named Gjoll was used in the binding of Fenrir.","Deucalion and Pyrrha threw these objects over their shoulders to create humans.","After telling his wife Merope not to bury him, and chaining Hades or Thanatos, a king of Corinth got a punishment involving one.","A pair of them, the Symplegades, threatened to wreck the Argo.","For 10 points, name these objects, one of which Sisyphus must eternally roll up a hill."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9608c.json b/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9608c.json
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,13.88],[14.0,20.48],[20.6,25.56],[25.68,31.2],[31.32,37.76]],"texts":["This line is replaced with gibberish in a sketch from the \"Ben Stiller Show\" set in a grocery store.","A character suggests that this line should appear on his tombstone instead of \"always in the wrong place at the wrong time\" shortly before shooting himself in the shoulder, killing a man behind him.","This line is said after a man drops a lighter on a trail of leaking jet fuel, which somehow leads to a plane that's already off the ground exploding.","This line is first said as a response to, \"Do you really think you have a chance against us,","Mister Cowboy?\" by a cop who is communicating with a criminal in the Nakatomi Plaza building via walkie-talkie.","For 10 points, name this line which is repeated by Hans Gruber shortly before his death, the catchphrase of John McClane in the Die Hard movies."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9618c.json b/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9618c.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/8c/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba9618c.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,15.6],[15.72,20.8],[20.92,25.24]],"texts":["In one film this actor recreates a low-rent furniture advert by jumping off the top of a lorry onto a mattress and then falling to the ground.","This actor plays a priest accused of an inappropriate relationship with a black altar boy in Doubt and a theatre director who creates a replica of a city in a warehouse in Synecdoche, New York.","The CIA agent Gust Avrakotos was portrayed by this man in the 2007 film Charlie Wilson's War.","For 10 points, name this actor who portrayed the author of In Cold Blood in Capote."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b95.json b/tossups/95/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b95.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.0],[6.12,9.04],[9.16,14.36],[14.48,17.68],[17.8,24.08],[24.2,27.28],[27.4,32.4],[32.52,37.28],[37.4,41.64]],"texts":["One island in this body of water was commonly described as Europe's last feudal state until a 2008 referendum.","The deepest point in this body of water is Hurd's Deep.","The world's first large-scale tidal plant was built on the estuary of the Rance River, which flows into this here.","The Solent is a smaller, parallel body of water north of this one.","The Cotentin Peninsula juts into this body of water which contains islands such as Sark, Guernsey, Jersey, and the Isle of Wight.","This is the largest body of water crossed by the Eurostar train.","Ports on this body of water include Cherbourg, Le Havre, Portsmouth, and Southampton.","The narrowest point in this body of water is between Pas de Calais and the white cliffs of Dover.","For 10 points, name this body of water that lies between France and the United Kingdom."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c95.json b/tossups/95/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c95.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/95/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.72],[3.84,10.04],[10.16,13.68],[13.8,21.6],[21.72,31.24],[31.36,38.04]],"texts":["Jonathan Unger wrote a work about the transformation of rural areas of this country.","Mark Elvin once wrote that this country had undergone a \"high-level equilibrium trap\" in which supply and demand were balanced.","One thinker stated that this country took a \"diffusionist\" approach to science.","The Needham question asks why this nation fell behind other parts of the world in scientific development, even though they achieved many technological innovations earlier.","One sociological issue about this nation is the 4-2-1 problem, the creation of \"leftover women\" and the overindulged, spoiled new generation, which is called \"little emperor's syndrome\".","For 10 points, name this nation which has suffered several demographic changes due to its implementation of the one-child policy."]}
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new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8795.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,12.96],[13.08,20.2],[20.32,27.2],[27.32,30.96],[31.08,34.76],[34.88,40.4]],"texts":["Select persecution of Sufis in this empire benefited Khalid Shahrazuri, whose Naqshbandi followers were allowed to take over many lodges.","A preacher in this empire organized disgruntled peasant mercenaries called sekban into a series of tax revolts.","In the Shahkulu revolt against this empire, many Shi'a joined forces with members of a syncretic Muslim tradition prominent in this empire's homeland.","This non-Persian empire persecuted the remaining qizilbash in lands that it gained following its decisive victory at the Battle of Chaldiran.","Mass murder committed by this empire drove the Alevis underground.","Religious minority groups in this empire were governed under the millet system.","For 10 points, name this empire whose devshirme system turned Christian minority children into Janissaries."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb95.json b/tossups/95/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb95.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.72],[5.84,10.92],[11.04,17.48],[17.6,24.32],[24.44,30.2],[30.32,35.92]],"texts":["American troops mistakenly caused offense by distributing soccer balls with one of these objects depicted on them to Afghan children.","444 of these objects are located along a namesake avenue in a park in Hermitage, Pennsylvania.","The miraculous fall of one of these objects from the sky is said to have turned the tide of a battle at the location of modern-day Tallinn.","One of these objects named \"Red Peak\" attracted public acclaim but was ultimately rejected in a 2015 referendum in New Zealand.","A physically mutilated one of these objects is often used as a symbol of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution.","Vexillology is the study of, for 10 points, what banners, which might represent a state or country?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed95.json b/tossups/95/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed95.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,11.8],[11.92,19.6],[19.72,25.0],[25.12,31.56],[31.68,35.48]],"texts":["George Lois asked an artist to do silly poses for an Esquire cover that depicts a giant one of these items.","An artist created a painting of a Box containing these items, as well as large paintings of them depicted Torn and Crushed.","Irving Blum tracked down people including Dennis Hopper to buy back paintings of these items after they debuted in the Ferus Gallery, displayed in a single horizontal line.","A dollar bill and these items were some of the earliest depicted by an artist using silkscreen printing at his studio,","\"The Factory.\" A series with 32 panels depicts the red and white design of these items, with flavors like tomato and clam chowder.","For 10 points, name these food items featured in many works of Andy Warhol."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738795.json b/tossups/95/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738795.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a2521e36e112e118d6ce6a200975a9ff8a76e70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738795.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,15.08],[15.2,22.76],[22.88,28.88],[29.0,34.2],[34.32,41.44],[41.56,46.48]],"texts":["The founder of this group was accused of diverting its government funds to build a brothel, and paying doctors to medically inspect the whores for venereal diseases.","This group was organized through the efforts of economist Lauchlin Currie and John King Fairbank, who obtained loans to finance this group as an assistant under Thomas Corcoran.","It consisted of three divisions, the first of which was called \"Adam and Eve.\" The plan to create this group was put forth by its leader's press officer Joseph Alsop,","and approved after a lengthy debate at the Trident Conference, to the dismay of a man known as \"Vinegar Joe,\" Joseph Stilwell.","Members of this group were trained at a schoolhouse in Toungoo, and first saw action defending the Burma Road.","This group, founded by Claire Lee Chennault, consisted of 99 Curtiss P-40 models with shark faces painted on the front.","For 10 points, name this group of American pilots who fought in the Chinese Air Force in World War II."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738895.json b/tossups/95/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738895.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,14.68],[14.8,23.72],[23.84,33.76],[33.88,41.68],[41.8,48.88]],"texts":["A shot in a film directed by this man features a man playing a melancholy tune on a recorder as a woman soaks a cube of sugar in her coffee.","Another of this man's films begins with a series of shots tracing the wires through which a phone call propagates before following a conversation between a model and her boyfriend.","In one of this man's films, a tear rolling down a widow's eye ends a montage that is scored with the \"Song for the Unification of Europe\" by this man's regular collaborator Zbigniew Preisner.","A series of films directed by this man ends after seven of the main characters survive a ferry accident on a shot replicating the Irene Jacob-played Valentine's chewing gum poster.","The first of those films by this man opens with a car accident killing the composer Patrice de Courcy and his daughter, leaving Juliette Binoche's Julie to grieve for them.","For 10 points, the miniseries The Decalogue and a trilogy consisting of the films Blue, White, and Red were directed by what Polish filmmaker?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e95.json b/tossups/95/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e95.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57c24871145e6d98a51e102cd558cadcc77e07a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,18.12],[18.24,27.4],[27.52,38.44],[38.56,42.64]],"texts":["The section discussing the distribution of alms is followed by a chapter on the temptations of the enemy and the importance of understanding \"scruples.\" Another section of this work details the \"three types of men\" and the \"three kinds of humility.\" It advocates a position that \"the intimate understanding and relish of truth\" derives from self discovery rather than being preached at.","This work was first printed as a Latin translation by Andre des Freux known as the versio vulgata, though the bulk of this 1548 work was written during a retreat at Manresa.","Containing such sections as \"The Kingdom of Christ\" and \"The Two Standards,\" it is divided into \"weeks\" and outlines a regimen of meditation that its author deemed central to the establishment of the Society of Jesus.","For 10 points, identify this pedagogical work by Saint Ignatius of Loyola."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f95.json b/tossups/95/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f95.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.96],[6.08,13.16],[13.28,21.2],[21.32,28.08],[28.2,34.44],[34.56,42.6]],"texts":["The character of Varrius first appears in Act IV, around the same time the Provost enters with the head of a dead pirate.","Earlier in the play, an exchange about what sort of apparel fits a thief takes place between the executioner, Abhorson, and the imprisoned clown, Pompey.","A subplot focuses on Frederick's sister, who is introduced listening to the song \"Take, O take those lips away,\" and pines for a lover who abandoned her.","The heroine is introduced during a discussion with Francisca that is interrupted by Lucio who informs her that a new Lord now governs Vienna.","Based on George Whetstone's Promos and Cassandra, the main plot revolves around a woman asked to sacrifice her virginity to save her brother.","For 10 points, identify this Shakespeare play that that ends with the marriage of Mariana and Angelo, the return of the Duke, and Isabella securing the release of Claudio."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62df7ca243aee49db2f76995.json b/tossups/95/62df7ca243aee49db2f76995.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..780c54fe8a4e0a7c947d67384481171cc85b1f29
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,9.0],[9.12,12.4],[12.52,17.4],[17.52,25.12],[25.24,29.64],[29.76,35.48]],"texts":["A woman in this painting holds a spindle and distaff, with the thread about to be cut by the scissors in her other hand.","A masked character in this painting empties several wine flasks.","A mass of characters gather behind a shield wall at this painting's right.","In this painting, a jester hides underneath a table littered with a backgammon board and playing cards.","The right-center of this painting contains a spike-filled tunnel adorned with the cross that people are being herded into, and its background is filled with smoke from burning ships.","A man is crushed under the wheels of a cart driven by a hurdy-gurdy player in this painting.","For 10 points, name this skeleton-dominated, post-apocalyptic painting created by Pieter Breughel the Elder."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62df8012e66cc66ca571d295.json b/tossups/95/62df8012e66cc66ca571d295.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d7c7ce6f15d254e67b36beee073b718ccb52907
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+++ b/tossups/95/62df8012e66cc66ca571d295.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.04],[8.16,15.92],[16.04,22.36],[22.48,27.16],[27.28,34.28]],"texts":["This writer described how at age eleven he was deeply influenced by seeing the murder of Kader Mia, a Muslim day laborer, in his book Identity and Violence.","This thinker wrote that \"Adam Smith's market never stood alone\" in trying to redirect consideration from Smith's Wealth of Nations to his Theory of Moral Sentiments.","This economist has also tried to promote the idea that simple income inequality is less of a problem than capability deprivation.","Works by this economist include Development as Freedom and Poverty and Famines.","For 10 points, name this Indian economist who won the 1998 Nobel Prize for his work on social choice theory and welfare economics."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62df83920c3a38102cd75795.json b/tossups/95/62df83920c3a38102cd75795.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0715923347d55ea1b7d3e4345f626c1055c41991
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,15.56],[15.68,19.76],[19.88,26.16],[26.28,35.44],[35.56,38.96]],"texts":["Johan Halvorsen arranged a version this composer's Passacaglia in G minor for viola and violin.","One of this composer's works features the \"Hailstone chorus,\" and is usually performed as its second and third movements, \"Exodus\" and \"Moses' Song.\" His works are organized by HWV numbers,","and he composed \"The Arrival of the Queen of Sheba\" for his oratorio Solomon.","The aria \"Ombra mai fu\" is known as his \"Largo.\" Another of his oratorios is set to a libretto by Charles Jennens,","and includes the choruses \"I know my redeemer liveth\" and \"For unto us a child is born.\" For 10 points, name this German-born Baroque composer of Israel in Egypt,","who wrote the \"Hallelujah chorus\" for his oratorio Messiah."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62df83920c3a38102cd75895.json b/tossups/95/62df83920c3a38102cd75895.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.2],[3.32,8.08],[8.2,11.8],[11.92,16.28],[16.4,20.16],[20.28,26.96]],"texts":["One massacre in this war is commonly called the Great Swamp Fight.","This war broke out with fighting in Swansea after the execution of the alleged murderers of John Sassamon.","The forces of one side in this war were led by governor Josiah Winslow.","The other side of this conflict was supported by forces of Nipmucks and Narragansetts.","A soldier under Benjamin Church killed this war's namesake at Mount Hope.","For 10 points, name this late seventeenth century conflict in New England, in which colonists fought against the namesake leader of the Wampanoag."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/95/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37895.json b/tossups/95/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37895.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,10.32],[10.44,19.16],[19.28,26.96],[27.08,35.08],[35.2,38.4]],"texts":["In one of this choreographer's ballets, three sisters experience flashbacks prompted by chess pieces.","The dancer Erick Hawkins made his name by originating the lead role in this choreographer's best-known ballet.","This choreographer of Deaths and Entrances used music by Norman Dello Joio for a ballet in which three dancers represent the Maid, Warrior, and Martyr aspects of Joan of Arc.","In another ballet by this choreographer of Seraphic Dialogue, doors open and close to show one dancer using an ax to kill Agamemnon.","Isamu Noguchi designed sets for this woman's best-known ballet, in which the Bride and the Farmer dance to the Shaker hymn \"Simple Gifts.\" For 10 points,","name this choreographer of Aaron Copland's Appalachian Spring."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62df8ab610329be735a33d95.json b/tossups/95/62df8ab610329be735a33d95.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.44],[8.56,13.36],[13.48,20.28],[20.4,27.44],[27.56,32.64]],"texts":["A response to this play includes a fifty-year time jump between its two acts and tells of Russ and Bev, whose son Kenneth committed suicide after the Korean War.","This play was the basis for the Bruce Norris play that won the 2011 Pulitzer Prize.","In one scene from this play, Bobo arrives to reveal that Willy Harris stole $6500 intended as a liquor store investment.","In this play, Asagai tries to convince Beneatha to move to Africa with him, while Mama decides what to do with an insurance check from Walter's death.","For 10 points, name this play about the Younger family's move to Clybourne Park, written by Lorraine Hansberry."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,14.44],[14.56,21.52],[21.64,25.28],[25.4,30.48],[30.6,34.68]],"texts":["The production of a bound state of this particle and its antiparticle is expected to be suppressed by quark-gluon plasma formation.","A mechanism that suppressed FCNCs required the existence of this particle; that mechanism was elucidated by Iliopoulous, Maiani and Glashow.","That bound state of this particle and its antiparticle was first found, independently, by groups led by Burton Richter and Samuel Ting.","That discovery of that bound state constituted the November Revolution.","That bound state constitutes the only meson with a two-letter name, the J/psi meson.","For 10 points, identify this second generation quark paired with the strange quark."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62df8ab610329be735a34095.json b/tossups/95/62df8ab610329be735a34095.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a68e8a0fe38dab8f38ff83ab452c1ebbce77cadb
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,16.08],[16.2,19.4],[19.52,26.84],[26.96,33.08],[33.2,37.76]],"texts":["In one of this composer's operas, a voice from heaven announces the salvation of several souls subject to an auto-da-fe,","and Princess Eboli sings about Achmet's attempt to seduce his own wife in the \"Veil Song.\" He was forced to change the setting for another opera from Sweden to the United States to avoid Roman censorship;","that opera is about the assassination of Gustavus III.","In an opera by this composer, Giorgio sings \"Pura siccome un angelo\" to try to convince the title character not to marry his son.","This composer of A Masked Ball wrote an opera about the love between Alfredo and the courtesan Violetta, who dies of tuberculosis.","For 10 points, name this Italian composer of Don Carlo and La Traviata."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95695.json b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95695.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95695.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,13.6],[13.72,18.36],[18.48,31.4],[31.52,36.12],[36.24,40.36],[40.48,46.04],[46.16,51.6]],"texts":["Relatively large amounts of this commodity were found at a Spanish Bronze Age site known as the \"Bat Cave\" near Granada.","The Chinese writer Xu Boling records that the Chenghua Emperor of the Ming Dyansty ordered this commodity to be pur-chased at equal the price of gold.","Several centuries later, Engelbert Kaempfer described a variant of this called madak.","The alchemist Paracelsus mixed gold and citrus juice with this substance to create his \"Stones of Immortality.\" A letter written by the court ofcial Lin Zexu laments that \"every province of his land\" overfows with this substance,","and shames the addressee for endorsing the sale of this commodity while it is illegal in her country.","The HMS Nemesis was key to victory in some con-ficts fought over this commodity,","which resulted in the burning of the Summer Palaces and the signing of the Treaties of Tientsin and the Treaty of Nanking.","For 10 points, give this powerful drug created from poppy plants, the namesake of two wars between China and Great Britain."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c95.json b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c95.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c338795404dc3a87feaf7cfab52646e5813488f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.28],[6.4,9.2],[9.32,15.64],[15.76,21.08],[21.2,26.16],[26.28,30.92],[31.04,38.96],[39.08,45.52]],"texts":["Early in this man's political career, he was forced to flee when his cohort accused him of punishing a governor in Babylonia without authorization,","and his supporter Bilitor was put to death after he fled.","Several inscriptions attest to this man's loyalty to his wife, the Sogdian princess Apama, a daughter of Spitamenes.","One of his greatest military victories came at the Battle of Corupedium, where his longtime rival was killed.","He dispatched the ambassador Megasthenes on expeditions to the east, resulting in the production of theIndika.","This man's assassin gained the epithet Keraunos, or \"thunderbolt,\" after slaying him.","After he was turned away from invading the Mauryan empire, he defeated his rival Lysimachus, and then was succeeded by his son Antiochus I. For 10 points,","name this member of the Diadochi who took the epithet Nicator and founded a namesake empire east of the Antigonid dynasty."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d95.json b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d95.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..96e2c9448336d96e2f02c6fb29d4e49de4ab71c5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.88],[8.0,14.16],[14.28,23.28],[23.4,29.64],[29.76,36.12],[36.24,44.76],[44.88,50.12]],"texts":["In accordance with a Delphic oracle, one figure by this name was invited to rule over a tribe called the Dolonci because he showed hospitality to them in their travels.","As their ruler, that figure constructed a wall from Cardia to Pactya to repel their enemies, the Apsinthians.","A second figure by this same name married Hegesipyla, the daughter of Olorus, to tighten his hold on land he inherited when his brother Stesagoras had his head split open by an axe.","This man's daughter Elpinice may have paid his fines off, after he was charged with treason for a failed expedition against Paros.","That man of this name ruled as tyrant of the Thracian Chersonese, then rose to fame for conquering Lemnos and Imbros.","That father of Cimon the Younger is best remembered for his victory at a battle which saw the death of the overall commander Callimachus, and the heroism of Pheidippides.","For 10 points, give the name shared by that Athenian general who defeated the Persians at Marathon."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e95.json b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e95.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3df300ace48a62091346d78dfd44f8e061643fcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.48],[7.6,12.96],[13.08,20.8],[20.92,28.6],[28.72,36.64],[36.76,42.6]],"texts":["The dominant edition of this philosopher's works was revised in the 70s by P.H. Nidditch and first edited by Baronet L. A. Selby-Bigge.","This man inspired \"quasi-realism,\" a meta-ethical view formulated by Simon Blackburn.","Elizabeth Anscombe's Intention rejected this thinker's two-component theory of motivation, in which a desire and a belief are the only things needed to produce action.","This man's longest book claims that personal identity is a mere \"bundle\" of perceptions, and downplays the strength of reason in its second part,","\"Of Passions.\" This billiards enthusiast and secret atheist wrote that all ideas come from prior \"impressions,\" except perhaps a spectrum's missing shade of blue.","For 10 points, name this author of A Treatise of Human Nature, an 18th-century empiricist Scotsman."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f95.json b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f95.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b7b9fa9099c1b608250a2916f084b34a8d4db49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f95.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,15.8],[15.92,25.08],[25.2,32.44],[32.56,40.08]],"texts":["This property, when combined with a set of behaviors including pseudogap phenomena, spectral weight transfer, and T-linear resistivity, produces Mott insulators.","Spin-polarized STM uses tips made from materials with this property, which occurs in manganese-nickel and manganese-platinum alloys.","Triangular lattices of interactions with this property results in geometrical frustration, according to a model where this property exists if all of the interaction terms Jij are negative.","At room temperature, chromium is the only pure element with this property, but it becomes paramagnetic above its 308K Neel temperature.","For 10 points, name this property among two described by the Ising model, a magnetic state that exists when neighboring spins point in opposite directions."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96095.json b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96095.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4f8e5bab8f2d45ff46f10090029c4bdbb6b966bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/95/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96095.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,17.88],[18.0,23.52],[23.64,29.96],[30.08,37.08],[37.2,42.32]],"texts":["While a mayor, this man replied to posters quoting \"All men are created equal\" by reciting the whole Gettysburg Address in English to student protesters.","On a tour of his country's south, this leader formed an ideology based on \"productive forces,\" \"advanced culture,\" and the interest of the majority, the Three Represents.","The \"Shanghai clique\" got power via connections to this man, who retained his predecessor's Premier, Li Peng.","This key person in the Third Generation of CCP leaders came to power after Zhao Ziyang was purged as General Secretary.","He began construction on the Three Gorges Dam, started the Falun Gong crackdown, and oversaw the transfers of Macau and Hong Kong.","For 10 points, name this man who succeeded Deng Xiaoping to lead China during the 1990s."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b97.json b/tossups/97/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d4bc92cf2223f706b573c2ff6fddeee017ced1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1b97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,12.96],[13.08,20.2],[20.32,26.88],[27.0,32.64],[32.76,38.44]],"texts":["Before one attempt to take this city, Admiral Walker had a hard time finding any navigator in Boston.","During an earlier attempt to take this city, Major Thomas Savage was led blindfolded in circles in its streets to mask the numerical inferiority of its defenders.","The commander of this city then indicated that his cannons would make the reply to the surrender request of Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, Sir William Phipps.","In another attempt, Daniel Morgan was captured and Richard Montgomery was killed outside this city, which he had tried to take alongside Benedict Arnold.","This city was also the site where Montcalm was defeated Wolfe on the Plains of Abraham in 1759.","For 10 points, name this city with a Citadel, the capital of a namesake modern, French-speaking province of Canada."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c97.json b/tossups/97/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eb72ef0e39b9382d3108404aba3dc5fdef102a3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1c97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,11.0],[11.12,15.4],[15.52,19.04],[19.16,24.72],[24.84,29.72],[29.84,34.6],[34.72,40.92]],"texts":["In one section of this novel, a character remembers sleeping on a pallet at the river and waking up to see that hordes of rats had eaten his baby sister;","that character makes it his life goal to exterminate all rodents in the world.","This novel's epigraph, taken from The Graphographer, begins, \"I write.","I write that I am writing,\" and continues in a confusing fashion.","One of the main characters of this work has a job that requires him to steal other journalists' work with his assistant, Pascual;","that character is a \"News Director\" who falls in love with Olga's sister who was recently divorced.","The Genaro family hires a Bolivian man whose works make up the even numbered chapters of this book.","For 10 points, name this novel about Radio Panamerica where both Mario and Pedro Comacho work and written by Vargas Llosa."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8797.json b/tossups/97/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8797.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bec0d34205107a8b63c9a964c902f760d6ddaf59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a8797.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.8],[2.92,11.88],[12.0,16.72],[16.84,20.6],[20.72,23.52],[23.64,30.84],[30.96,35.0],[35.12,41.6]],"texts":["Note to players: ethnicity and polity required.","Aspiring mathematical students from this group were denied entry to their country's mathematical institutes through deceptively simple \"coffin problems.\" In his memoir Love and Math,","a Berkeley mathematician described his experience of systemic discrimination as a member of this group.","This specific group was the impetus for passing the Jackson-Vanik amendment.","The movement Nativ specifically sought to contact these people.","The most famous subgroup of the refuseniks was this ethnic group, whose namesake movement in the United States advocated that they pursue aliyah.","The \"Secret Letter\" alleged that doctors of this group planned to poison Joseph Stalin.","For 10 points, name this ethnic group that, under the previous government, was confined to the Pale of Settlement by Catherine the Great."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb97.json b/tossups/97/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7eb74399bd9f2b55b4c9f8c501e62882ade0a2b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeb97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.96],[4.08,11.52],[11.64,16.92],[17.04,21.76],[21.88,27.0],[27.12,31.8],[31.92,37.64]],"texts":["Opponents of this ruler used a motto translated as \"less this ruler,","more white bread.\" This leader's namesake \"lost children\" were part of a state-sanctioned effort to kidnap leftists' children and give them to supporters.","This leader's country underwent an economic miracle under the guidance of technocratic members of Opus Dei.","The production of the SEAT 600 car helped spur an economic boom under this ruler.","This ruler's National Movement included his country's only legal trade union, the Vertical Syndicate.","Musicians of the Nova Canco movement fought against this ruler's suppression of the Catalan language.","For 10 points, name this fascist caudillo who ruled for over thirty years following his victory in the Spanish Civil War."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed97.json b/tossups/97/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc82df03abbb62a02cde181032be54d32f1ff554
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aed97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.0],[4.12,13.92],[14.04,17.96],[18.08,24.0],[24.12,28.32],[28.44,34.08]],"texts":["The first rogue wave to be recorded by a measurement device occurred off the coast of this country.","A Russian expatriate mining community in this country was devastated by the 1996 crash of a Vnukovo Airlines flight into its Operafjellet mountain, which was chartered by Arktikugol.","The Galdhopiggen and Glittertind peaks are the highest in its Jotunheim National Park.","This non-Russia country's abandoned settlement of Pyramiden is home to the northernmost statue of Vladimir Lenin in the world.","The city of Longyearbyen is the capital of this country's northern island of Svalbard.","The Sognefjord is the largest of the many fjords of, for 10 points, what Scandinavian country led from Oslo?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/97/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738797.json b/tossups/97/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738797.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98447fc798de7a897c53feff87edc0f1a85a5a4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738797.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,24.28],[24.4,30.92],[31.04,35.88],[36.0,43.16],[43.28,48.48]],"texts":["This man and Simon Kochen used the \"fin,\" \"twin,\" and \"spin\" postulates to prove that some elementary particles have \"free will\" if humans have free will.","A positive definite quadratic form with an integer matrix will represent all positive integers if it represents the numbers up to the namesake number according to this man's \"15 theorem.\" This man invented a mathematical game in which players take turns naming positive integers that are not sums of multiples of previously named numbers.","An algorithm developed by this scientist begins by calculating the \"anchor day\" of a century and was inspired by the work of Lewis Carroll.","This man devised the Doomsday algorithm to quickly compute the day of a week given an arbitrary date.","A so-called \"game\" developed by this man led Bill Gosper to create the \"Gosper Gun\", which is actually a pattern that oscillates.","For 10 points, name this mathematician, who created the cellular automaton called the Game of Life."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738897.json b/tossups/97/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738897.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..39ff2e8a704db3148577d070fcb0bdb143cd1b17
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738897.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.04],[9.16,13.8],[13.92,22.36],[22.48,29.4],[29.52,37.08],[37.2,42.04]],"texts":["One member of this group was friends with Carl Orff, who refused to help him after his arrest and who, during an interrogation later in life, claimed to be a founding member of this organization.","Two members of this group were arrested after a maintenance man spotted them passing out papers in an atrium.","A medical student whose last words were \"long live freedom,\" his sister, and their friend were executed by guillotine at Stadelheim Prison as the initial members of this group to be convicted.","This group, perhaps named for a novel by B. Traven, had its members tried by Roland Freisler, a judge killed two years later in an attack on Berlin.","This group, whose main members included Sophie Scholl and Kurt Huber, distributed six pamphlets including The Manifesto of the Students of Munich.","For 10 points, name this non-violent Nazi resistance group known by a flowery title."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e97.json b/tossups/97/62df3ddba2602b93e0407e97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56d56dfec2fd30f051f42ff144f7db2ca79dbf14
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,11.64],[11.76,19.8],[19.92,24.96],[25.08,31.32],[31.44,38.84]],"texts":["Its leader was only able to escape after assuming the identity of Betty Burke, a servant to a supporter of his.","The panic of December 6th or \"Black Friday,\" during this event is described in the memoirs of Chevalier de Johnstone, who took part in it.","It was planned at meetings of the Association, a group that included the noblemen Lovat, Drummond, and Linton and began with the embarkation of the warships Doutelle and Elisabeth.","The first major battle saw the defeat of forces under John Cope and skirmishes at Stirling Castle and Derby followed.","Despite their initial victory at Prestonpans the instigators would be crushed the next year by a son of George II, the Duke of Cumberland.","For 10 points, identify this uprising that ended with Bonnie Prince Charlie's defeat at Culloden, a Jacobite rebellion named for the year in which it began."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f97.json b/tossups/97/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4edb23228b849fd00e454a155fcfaa2056329efa
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+++ b/tossups/97/62df3ddba2602b93e0407f97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,13.2],[13.32,18.4],[18.52,24.4],[24.52,28.72],[28.84,33.24],[33.36,41.68]],"texts":["Early in life, this man wrote a book entitled The Cult of Weakness, in which he warned against the U.S. becoming an unprepared nation.","He won his first term in the U.S. Senate by beating Governor James Curley, while his time in a more famous position saw him respond to Cable 243.","In his two terms in that position, he succeeded Frederick Nolting and Maxwell Taylor respectively.","This author of the memoir The Stream Has Many Eyes also served a seven year term as special envoy to the Holy See.","His son lost his Senate seat to Ted Kennedy, ending Republican dominance of that seat.","This man is best remembered for his controversial time as ambassador to South Vietnam.","For ten points, name this man who ran for vice president with Richard Nixon in 1960, and had a same-named grandfather who opposed Woodrow Wilson's view of the League of Nations."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df7ca243aee49db2f76997.json b/tossups/97/62df7ca243aee49db2f76997.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..abea57670da8841182ab7a68daa9dd61e1347160
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df7ca243aee49db2f76997.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,10.28],[10.4,21.36],[21.48,25.0],[25.12,33.04],[33.16,35.52],[35.64,38.84]],"texts":["This was the primary occupation of a man who informed against suspects in the mutilation of the Herms.","Another man of this occupation was jailed for taking twenty talents deposited by the roguish Harpalus.","For suggesting that his rival be awarded a golden crown, an irascible man of this occupation accused Ctesiphon of criminal activity, prompting the more famous rival's \"On the Crown.\" In antiquity,","there were ten great Attic ones, including Aeschines and Isocrates.","The most famous of these men assisted Philocrates in crafting a peace treaty between Athens and Macedon, practiced with pebbles in his mouth to overcome his stutter,","and delivered the original Philippics.","For 10 points, name this occupation held by Demosthenes."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df8012e66cc66ca571d297.json b/tossups/97/62df8012e66cc66ca571d297.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4652217714da66fae1c9bfc4cb4bae1397dd2cec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df8012e66cc66ca571d297.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.72],[5.84,12.12],[12.24,20.0],[20.12,27.64],[27.76,32.84]],"texts":["Through his daughter, who was forcibly married to Rhacius, this man became the grandfather of the champion diviner Mopsus.","He was also the father of the woman who allowed Alcmene to give birth to Heracles by scaring away certain witches; that daughter was named Historis.","This man lived for at least seven generations, and after his death from drinking the waters of Telphussa, he advised against harming the cattle of Helios.","After killing a snake, he was transformed into a woman for seven years, and he later was punished for saying women enjoy sex more by being blinded.","For 10 points, name this prophet of Thebes, who revealed Oedipus as the murderer of Laius."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75797.json b/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75797.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f5ab0168b7dfa96fecda70ab23a5da27ea757754
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75797.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,13.32],[13.44,16.92],[17.04,20.04],[20.16,27.72],[27.84,31.2]],"texts":["Steve Hilton works as a strategist for this man, who defeated David Davis in a 2005 party election.","Opposition to this man refers to him as a chameleon and he generated controversy after it was revealed he made a 1989 vacation trip to apartheid era South Africa.","His cabinet consists of individuals as William Hague and Kenneth Clarke.","In 2005, he succeeded Michael Howard as head of his party.","Nick Clegg serves as this man's deputy, and he reached his highest position after a coalition was formed between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats.","For 10 points, name this new Prime Minister of Great Britain."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75797.opus b/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75797.opus
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75897.json b/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75897.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..23146164d483d049935d6190b704bb4b6d514cfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df83920c3a38102cd75897.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,13.8],[13.92,22.4],[22.52,29.76],[29.88,35.28]],"texts":["In April of 2009, a political leader of this country was shot by gunmen while his car was at a petrol station, with the shooting potentially blamed on this country's military.","In that same month, this country saw mass anti-government protests which disrupted this country's New Year celebrations.","It currently sees a political struggle between groups known as the \"red shirts\" and \"yellow shirts.\" It earlier saw the People's Power Party opposed by the People's Alliance for Democracy,","while now the United Front of Democracy Against Dictatorship opposes the government of its current prime minister, Abhisit Vejjajiva.","For 10 points, name this Southeast Asian country ruled by the House of Chakri which has its capital at Bangkok."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37897.json b/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37897.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2e6787573798c4cc088464fbd7e54223b3a9b548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37897.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,13.32],[13.44,16.64],[16.76,21.44],[21.56,29.92],[30.04,34.6]],"texts":["The Hodrick-Prescott filter is often used to isolate these phenomena from data.The Kiyotaki-Moore model shows how credit restriction can affect these phenomena,","while the \"real\" theory of these sees them as due entirely to exogenous changes, mostly technological shocks.","Nikolai Kondratiev studied particularly long versions of them.","Stanley Jevons suggested these might be due to sunspots, as both last for about eleven years.","The increasing magnitude of these will increase the proletarian population until revolution is inevitable, according to Karl Marx, who referred to the \"boom and bust\" of these phenomena.","For 10 points, name these fluctuations of GDP whose troughs can be recessions."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37997.json b/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37997.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..50cb13e1db206131a22e8185f0dff7e51005e75e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37997.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.6],[8.72,13.8],[13.92,20.8],[20.92,27.24],[27.36,30.88]],"texts":["One holder of this position derisively referred to Francis Cottington as \"Lady Mora's waiting maid\" and to Richard Weston as \"Lady Mora\" in his correspondence with the Earl of Strafford.","That holder of this position ordered the arrest of the propagandists Alexander Leighton and William Prynne.","In addition to William Laud, who was executed during the English Civil War, another holder of this position opposed the Lollard movement and was named Thomas Arundel.","One man in this position was exiled after refusing to sign the Constitutions of Clarendon, and another edited the Book of Common Prayer.","For 10 points, identify this highest position in the Church of England."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37997.opus b/tossups/97/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37997.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a33d97.json b/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a33d97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ab812f10d84a1a34036ba431d8e0e210e3657eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a33d97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.28],[8.4,14.44],[14.56,21.48],[21.6,26.24],[26.36,31.76],[31.88,37.52]],"texts":["One of this author's title characters owns a pet ostrich, survives an arsenic-laced birthday cake, and spews green blood after she is finally killed by Ulises.","He wrote a short story in which a sane woman is taken in by a mental asylum in spite of her pleas that she only came to use the phone.","In a novella, this author described a rooster once owned by Agustin, which the pension-awaiting protagonist refuses to allow to fight.","The title character of another of his stories is kept in the chicken coop and believed to be an angel.","In one of his novels, the violation of their sister leads the Vicario brothers to kill Santiago Nasar.","For 10 points, name this author of Chronicle of a Death Foretold and One Hundred Years of Solitude."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a33e97.json b/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a33e97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2ddf777f041bc2b8390e999cfad54da26255f83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a33e97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.68],[5.8,10.88],[11.0,17.16],[17.28,22.4],[22.52,28.64],[28.76,34.16]],"texts":["In the bottom-right of this painting, a cat is doing a barrel roll to scratch at a scary-looking mask on a stone jar.","Doric columns in the buildings framing this painting's lower level contrast with the Corinthian columns on the upper level.","The presence of a servant butchering a lamb in this painting refers to the sacrifice of the \"lamb of god.\" In the foreground of this painting,","two dogs are tied together in front of a string quartet consisting of the artist and three other Venetian painters.","Suleiman the Magnificent and Francis I of France are among the diners in this painting, which features a dwarf with a parrot.","For 10 points, name this Paolo Veronese painting of the feast where Jesus turned water into wine."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a34097.json b/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a34097.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b800a72d0d1f197b993d365de550396e4df09ad2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62df8ab610329be735a34097.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.36],[4.48,10.76],[10.88,16.0],[16.12,23.6],[23.72,30.32],[30.44,34.84]],"texts":["In the Taiwanese Yimin Festival, these animals are force fed and paraded.","In Buddhism, a snake, bird, and this animal represent the three poisons, with this animal representing ignorance.","The Mahayana Buddhist goddess of the dawn Marici is usually depicted riding on seven of these animals.","When a demon named Hiranyaksha dragged the earth to the bottom of the sea, an avatar of Vishnu named Varaha took this form and raised the earth out of the sea.","While in Gerasenes, Jesus cast Legion into a herd of these animals, which subsequently ran off of a cliff into the sea.","For 10 points, name this type of animal which Leviticus 11:8 states is unclean to eat."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95697.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95697.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8085fa24914c628049645b1cc485322ba516a27d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95697.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,14.6],[14.72,26.72],[26.84,29.04],[29.16,36.72],[36.84,42.6],[42.72,49.96]],"texts":["One religious fgure born in this place was the translator Drogmi Yeshe, who emphasized a teaching called the Lam Dre and created a school called \"pale earth\" or Sakya.","A religious system originating in this place has a scripture called the \"Cavern of Treasures\" and many of its members were persecuted by the Dzungars.","That religion teaches a doctrine called the \"Five Pure Lights\" which says that fve forms of matter need to be purifed to create the \"rainbow body.\" This teaching has inspired worshippers in this place to create \"prayer fags\" composed of the fve primary colors,","strung either horizontally or vertically.","In addition to the indigenous religion of Bon in this place, the younger traditions employ texts like The Great Exposition of the Stages of the Path,","and are divided into \"Red Hat\" and \"Yellow Hat\" sects, the latter of which includes only the Gelug-pa school.","For 10 points, name this place where the Potala Palace used to be a home for Tenzin Gyatso, who sat in the capital of Lhasa as the Dalai Lama."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95797.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95797.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4b3939e025be2708d398171370b516ea6d05481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95797.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,14.2],[14.32,22.12],[22.24,26.64],[26.76,34.16],[34.28,37.48],[37.6,43.48],[43.6,47.96]],"texts":["This material can have thin blade-shaped projections known as platelets in a layer known as the skeletal layer.","This material can contain features called polynyas, which exist in sensible and latent heat varieties, with the latter being formed primarily through the action of katabatic winds.","Formation of this material begins with frazil, which in calm conditions proceeds to form nilas, which then via rafing produce the congelation form of this substance.","The biosphere arising within and around this substance is dominated by diatoms.","Microwave imaging from satellites such as NASA's SMMR and the Defense De-partment's SSM/I are used to track the seasonal extent of this substance,","whose high albedo is instrumental in keeping the atmosphere cool.","The movement of this substance south through the Fram Strait into the North Atlantic can disrupt the thermohaline circulation.","For 10 points, identify this substance which forms seasonally near the poles from liquid water."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b97.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eabaa2eecda3c05f71f49b0c3da4070270024e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95b97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,11.08],[11.2,18.04],[18.16,25.28],[25.4,29.8],[29.92,34.8],[34.92,40.68],[40.8,44.24]],"texts":["The H93G mutant of this protein can be used to model the class of proteins to which this protein belongs.","This protein reduces nitrites to generate nitric oxide 36 times faster than a related protein.","This protein is present in the urine of patients with malignant hyperthermia, phosphofructokinase deficiency, and McArdle's disease.","This 153 amino acid protein contains 8 right handed alpha-helices, which comprise 75% of its secondary structure.","The presence of this nephrotoxic protein in urine is an indicator of rhabdomyolysis.","This protein's distal histidine stabilizes the non-cooperative binding of it to its major ligand.","The red color of meat is caused by this protein, which allows deep diving mammals to hold their breaths for a very long time.","For 10 points, name this protein that carries oxygen in muscle tissue."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c97.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5161cd4fc047437cc629ca4a17674d38f65b7d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95c97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,10.52],[10.64,18.2],[18.32,19.4],[19.52,30.0],[30.12,38.72],[38.84,46.6]],"texts":["Jacob Bjerknes names a process of this type caused by the easterly surface winds in the Walker Circulation and the zonal sea-surface temperature gradient;","that Bjerknes-named process of this type affects the ENSO.","The non-linearity of the thermohaline circulation is driven by the following two processes of this type: the advection of salinity and the convective mixing of deep water.","In many models,","this type of physical process would move from a metastable state into activity by the firing of the \"clathrate gun.\" One classic example of this type of process is the accumulation of water vapor in the atmosphere,","since water vapor is a greenhouse gas; another classic example is increasing ice cover, since ice boosts a body's albedo and may lead to creation of a \"Snowball Earth.","For 10 points, name this type of process in which an initial change causes an additional change in the same direction, causing small perturbations to be amplified."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d97.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7a21f5253f5dae0f8cb99bfd2d12d31c2a4b28ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95d97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,15.72],[15.84,25.68],[25.8,27.24],[27.36,37.08],[37.2,46.32],[46.44,50.64]],"texts":["This poem refers to the mystical ladder of divine love presented in the Dark Night of the Soul in its late mention of \"the figure of ten stairs\".","Its fourth section asks \"Will the sunflower turn to us, will the clematis Stray down, bend to us?\" and describes a time when \"the light is still At the still point of the turning world\".","This poem describes the \"desiccation\", \"evacuation\", and \"inoperancy\" of the worlds of \"sense\", \"fancy\", and \"spirit\" that occur after a descent into \"the world of perpetual solitude\".","In its first section,","a bird tells a poet to \"round the corner\" into the \"first world,\" warning the poet that \"humankind cannot bear much reality\" as it guides them through a place whose \"leaves were full of children\" laughing and hiding.","This poem features the recurring image of a rose-garden at a house in the Cotswolds, and begins with the lines \"Time present and time past Are both perhaps present in time future\".","For 10 points, name this poem, the first of T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e97.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..954a5992475b90c9744533f17643a8efb7a8c82d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,16.48],[16.6,24.16],[24.28,28.56],[28.68,32.52]],"texts":["This geographic feature was closed to Christians by traders called Karimi after Reynaud of Chatillon irked them.","Purported cave dwellers on this body of water's western side were the first people called \"Troglodytes.\" A port called \"Mussel Harbor\" abutted this body near Berenice according to an anonymous 1st-century text about its peoples.","The city of Adulis traded with the Himyarite kingdom across this body of water, allowing Axum access to frankincense and myrrh traders who plied this sea.","Ships sailed down from this sea toward the land of Punt during Queen Hatshepsut's reign.","For 10 points, name this sea finally joined to the Mediterranean by the Suez Canal."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e97.opus b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e97.opus
new file mode 100644
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95e97.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f97.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f97.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b68970f1fdc1c3e5675c4c265c2a9f76c9d80dd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95f97.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.96],[6.08,11.28],[11.4,16.6],[16.72,25.6],[25.72,32.72],[32.84,40.96]],"texts":["This sect reveres a type of honesty called \"guarding one's tongue.\" This sect rose to prominence in the Chouf mountains.","The phrase \"covenant of blood\" refers to this faith's willingness to serve in an army led by another faith.","A \"universal mind\" or aql figures into this sect, which reveres the tomb of Sabalan.","Adherents believe in exoteric, esoteric, and \"double hidden\" meanings within their Epistles of Wisdom, which are accessible by its majority-female uqqal subgroup but forbidden to juhhal.","This faith, which bans intermarriage and conversion, draws on Platonist and Ismaili Shi'a tradition and venerates the caliph al-Hakim.","For 10 points, name this secretive monotheistic faith symbolized by a five-colored star, which has historically fought for Israel and against its homeland of Lebanon."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96097.json b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96097.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f88f39f824b355d1334dd35832cba54d2a1d7bc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/97/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba96097.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.0],[3.12,16.48],[16.6,25.48],[25.6,34.44],[34.56,42.68]],"texts":["In the Nivasch probabilistic algorithm for cycle detection,","pairs of function output and iteration number are stored in strictly increasing sequences in these data structures. x87 floating point architectures organize registers into a type of these structures that allow for individual access to its constituents.","An algorithm that stores intermediate vertices in this data structure is used for topological sorting and for finding connected components; that algorithm is the depth-first search.","The \"call\" one of these structures stores information about the return addresses to which each subroutine in a computer program should return control once it finishes executing.","Infinite recursion of these entities may lead to their \"overflow.\" Push and pop are operations on, for 10 points, what last-in first-out data structures?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4fa1.json b/tossups/a1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4fa1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05b2da6e864356fffdeb3db4bdd61f4fd9d3a7d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4fa1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.28],[9.4,17.28],[17.4,22.72],[22.84,28.52],[28.64,33.2],[33.32,38.28]],"texts":["The creation of a League named for this region was orchestrated by Russia - with the help of leaders like Ivan Geshov - to pave over issues involving the separatist IMRO and help it gain warm-water ports.","The Treaty of London ended a war named for this region by signing over all territory west of a line from Enos to Midia, as well as the sanjak of Novi Pazar,","but failed to prevent the outbreak of a second \"fratricidal war\" named for this place that Nicholas II failed to arbitrate.","Otto von Bismarck prophetically quipped that \"some damn thing\" in this region was bound to spark conflict.","Austria-Hungary allied with the Ottoman Empire in a war named for this region in 1912.","For 10 points, what war-torn peninsula was home to the Black Hand that killed Franz Ferdinand?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87a1.json b/tossups/a1/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e17b3c99aec4d12c1514b3ffb3ceae3c165fedd0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,10.8],[10.92,14.08],[14.2,19.12],[19.24,25.16],[25.28,32.72],[32.84,34.84],[34.96,41.28]],"texts":["Much slaughter in the aftermath of this conflict was perpetrated by a red-haired, wild-eyed man with the surname Zombi.","Intervention in this conflict was facilitated by the Treaty of Amiens, which lifted a British blockade.","Leaders in this conflict announced their political goals at Camp Turel.","The U.S. sent naval backing to the victorious side of a portion of this broader conflict called the War of Knives.","Controlling this conflict was the responsibility of Leger-Felicite Sonthonax, an appointee of the Committee of Public Safety.","A leader in this conflict later proclaimed himself Emperor Henry I. Yellow fever killed most of the troops sent with Charles Leclerc to suppress the rebels in this conflict,","which took place in the colony of Saint-Domingue.","For 10 points, name this successful slave revolt in which Jean-Jacques Dessalines expelled the French from a Caribbean island."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7a1.json b/tossups/a1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..81fadb607e105470f995e4a634ed2e2ecbbd4691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,14.48],[14.6,18.84],[18.96,22.52],[22.64,25.84],[25.96,33.04],[33.16,38.56]],"texts":["This is the larger of two countries that LBJ described as a flea, telling this country's ambassador \"fuck your parliament and your constitution\".","A leader of this country was fond of comparing his country to a \"patient in a cast\" and using other elaborate medical metaphors to describe it.","This country celebrates the day its leader refused to submit to Mussolini on Ohi Day.","A king of this country was succeeded by his father after dying from a monkey bite.","The 4th of August regime ruled this country during World War II.","This country's nationalists promoted the Megali Idea during the 20th century and in a nearby island country, supported enosis.","For 10 points, name this country, ruled by Ioannis Metaxas and Georgios Papadopoulos."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeca1.json b/tossups/a1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeca1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae04a8a85d4b1ddd2cc622ce610c45a201ad68f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeca1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.72],[1.84,7.48],[7.6,13.04],[13.16,18.36],[18.48,24.84],[24.96,32.16],[32.28,36.6]],"texts":["Description acceptable.","The method of \"double translation\" was used by a person serving in this role, Roger Ascham.","While serving in this role, Vasily Zhukovsky made massive amounts of German translations, primarily of Goethe.","George Davys was among the people who served in this role who executed the strict schedule of the Kensington System.","Frederick William executed a person serving in this role, Hans Hermann von Katte, after Frederick the Great's failed escape to Britain.","In addition to founding a scientific academy, serving in this role spurred Rene Descartes to move to Sweden, though he died before doing much there.","For 10 points, give this role, responsible for the education of young monarchs."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738aa1.json b/tossups/a1/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738aa1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c3e8380e1cb3f15ffe5b6300bc0a3d86946d5fdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738aa1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,14.08],[14.2,20.8],[20.92,27.84],[27.96,32.84],[32.96,38.72],[38.84,45.88]],"texts":["While trying to determine this quantity for green tourmalines, C. J. Kerez observed multiple \"shadow lines\" instead of the normal number of two.","For two minerals, relative values of this property can be determined by ascertaining the direction of the Becke line, in a namesake test.","In gemology, a device used to measure this property, developed by BJ Tully, uses a hemisphere of lead glass to rotate a sample.","This value can be relatively ascertained by submerging an object into oil or some other liquid and searching for \"reliefs\" in the immersion method.","Since it is dependent on density, this quantity is usually two or greater for resinous minerals.","For a uniaxial crystal, this value for one crystal axis is different than it is for the other two crystal axes.","For 10 points, name this property that is dependent on the polarization of light in a birefringent material, and which can be calculated with Snell's law."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fa1.json b/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fa1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..84a6f1cdbf5828d35ecd2e2ea33feec69b546ace
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fa1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,12.64],[12.76,19.96],[20.08,25.08],[25.2,29.12],[29.24,35.76]],"texts":["A book by John Appleby discusses events during the reign of this monarch, whose son was married to Constance of Toulouse.","This man's elder brother, the Count of Champagne, declined to fight him upon his father's death but he did face resistance from Robert, the Earl of Gloucester.","Named the Count of Mortain early in life, he was captured by William de Cahaignes at the Battle of Lincoln, and subsequently imprisoned at .","Despite gaining the blessing of Pope Innocent II, he struggled to defeat a rival aided by Brien FitzCount.","He agreed to the Treaty of Wallingford with that rival after the death of his son Eustace.","For 10 points, name this monarch who ruled during the Anarchy, as the only member of his royal house, prior to the reign of Henry II."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e04080a1.json b/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e04080a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..420b28fa5833db30e8f16ea5b1598e5f70b308d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e04080a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.28],[5.4,11.16],[11.28,21.44],[21.56,25.64],[25.76,28.48],[28.6,36.96],[37.08,43.88]],"texts":["Detailed measurements of this phenomenon have been made by Barber and Putterman by measuring Mie scattering.","Most scientists have rejected Julian Schwinger's explanation of this in terms of emission of zero-point energy.","The first experimental observation of this process was made in 1934 by Frenzel and Schultes, and interest in this effect was renewed by a discovery of a special form of it in 1990 by Felipe Gaitan.","The Taleyarkhan group claims to have generated nuclear fusion via this process.","Although the mechanism for it is still controversial,","most believe that the observed radiation is due to bremsstrahlung that is produced by an in-falling shockwave caused by the collapse of an object that may be produced by cavitation.","For 10 points, identify this process in which sound waves are passed through a liquid, causing bubbles to collapse and emit short bursts of light."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e04081a1.json b/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e04081a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d946b7ee790adc1a0f5b7d3f392503417b76fc18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df3ddba2602b93e04081a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.88],[9.0,15.4],[15.52,19.56],[19.68,25.12],[25.24,30.24],[30.36,36.12]],"texts":["The papal legate Ottobon urged moderation in dealing with the supporters of this man, whose death led to those supporters pillaging the countryside from strongholds at places like Axholme and Ely.","He had first consolidated his power after using his brightly decorated litter as a trap in battle and by raising a fleet in the Cinque Ports.","He would then briefly establish co-rule with the Bishop of Chichester and the Earl of Gloucester.","However, he was weakened the next year by the machinations of Richard de Clare and the negative views of his alliance with Llewellyn.","His end came when his son was defeated at Kenilworth and when his own forces fell the next day at Evesham.","For 10 points, name this French-English nobleman who briefly ruled England after the Barons' War of 1263"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df7ca243aee49db2f769a1.json b/tossups/a1/62df7ca243aee49db2f769a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc450c507af584eded65595fb493b46beb90bec8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df7ca243aee49db2f769a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,12.44],[12.56,16.92],[17.04,21.24],[21.36,27.92],[28.04,32.36],[32.48,37.08]],"texts":["The murder of this man's secretary Juan de Escobedo overshadowed this guy's capture of Namur late in life.","This man, the author of the quote \"There is no paradise for cowards,\" ratted out Don Carlos, namesake of the Schiller play.","This man signed the Perpetual Edict in his role as Governor-General of the Netherlands.","Following his best-known feat, this overeager man was only allowed to conquer Tunis.","This man commanded the Real alongside the future Doge of Venice and an admiral from Genoa in a battle in which Cervantes lost his arm.","This man led the Holy League against the Ottomans in that 1571 battle.","For 10 points, name this illegitimate son of Charles V who won the Battle of Lepanto."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df7ca243aee49db2f76aa1.json b/tossups/a1/62df7ca243aee49db2f76aa1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9f1d90f903d6dd47335c5079f2f4772d3b2f0ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df7ca243aee49db2f76aa1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.44],[4.56,11.32],[11.44,15.28],[15.4,21.76],[21.88,29.12],[29.24,35.8]],"texts":["Pakistani immigrant Shehzad Luqman was stabbed to death in this city's Petralona neighborhood.","Santiago Calatrava designed a white Velodrome and a stadium with a retractable glass roof for an Olympic Games hosted in this city.","This city contains many traditional restaurants in its old Plaka neighborhood.","In this city, journalists on the upper floors of the Hotel Grande Bretagne are able to take pictures of protests in Syntagma square.","Accessed via Venizelos airport to the east, its older landmarks include the octagonal Tower of the Winds and the Keramikos district.","For 10 points, name this capital city which recently built a new museum in hopes of housing the Elgin Marbles near the Acropolis."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0a1.json b/tossups/a1/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4258791d0175f32ffd63e2db6a311cc355597a2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,10.24],[10.36,16.6],[16.72,26.6],[26.72,30.84],[30.96,34.28]],"texts":["Strongyloidiasis is caused by a member of this phylum, three different members of which are the causative agents of lymphatic filariasis.","This phylum is divided into the classes Adenophorea and Secernentea.","Members of this phylum reproduce by using spicules to transfer amoeba-like gamete cells that crawl into the genital pore of the female.","One organism in this phylum was used by Fire and Mello to characterize RNAi; that species' hermaphrodite contains exactly 959 somatic cells, all of which have been fate-mapped.","That organism, which was first studied by Sydney Brenner, is C. Elegans.","For 10 points, name this phylum which contains the roundworms."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df83920c3a38102cd758a1.json b/tossups/a1/62df83920c3a38102cd758a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1422887baba40710716498afa0deccddc8a174e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df83920c3a38102cd758a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.84],[4.96,9.76],[9.88,16.76],[16.88,22.48],[22.6,29.56],[29.68,34.36]],"texts":["Fernando Sor's opus nine consists of variations for guitar of a theme by this composer.","Another theme by this composer provided the basis for the variations and fugue by Max Reger.","He wrote his clarinet concerto in A major for Anton Stadler, and composed a fugue based on five themes in the fourth movement of his last symphony.","Tchaikovsky's fourth orchestral suite is based on works of this composer, including his setting of the Ave verum corpus.","According to legend, he transcribed Giorgio Allegri's Miserere from memory at age twelve, and his works are categorized by Kochel numbers.","For 10 points, name this composer of the Jupiter symphony and Eine Kleine Nachtmusik."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379a1.json b/tossups/a1/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..46b8aeee455d92a0e3450b218fe92747dccb016f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,11.96],[12.08,19.0],[19.12,23.2],[23.32,30.04],[30.16,35.04]],"texts":["Historian Seth Tillman described one participant at this event, Billy Hughes, as a \"noiseless demagogue\" who claimed he spoke for 60,000 dead men.","A failed \"Racial Equality Proposal\" at this event was suggested by Baron Makino Nobuaki.","One participant in this event said he \"was seated between Jesus Christ and Napoleon.\" The May Fourth Movement denounced this event's final results.","During it, Ho Chi Minh's petition for the Vietnamese people's civil rights were ignored.","The main leaders at this event included Vittorio Orlando and the other members of the \"Big Four,\" including Georges Clemenceau and David Lloyd George.","For 10 points, name this meeting which ultimately produced the Treaty of Versailles after World War I."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62df8ab610329be735a33ea1.json b/tossups/a1/62df8ab610329be735a33ea1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9c65db91453514a17106335fa34e85806613c5d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62df8ab610329be735a33ea1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.92],[12.04,15.64],[15.76,23.76],[23.88,30.48],[30.6,34.8],[34.92,40.16],[40.28,46.0]],"texts":["This protein cooperates with the MEG3 non-coding RNA to activated GDF15, and this protein induces a lincRNA that binds to hnRNP-K and mediates downstream transcriptional repression.","The drug RITA up-regulates the activity of this protein.","LMO3 binds to this protein through its DNA binding domain, and this protein also contains a C-terminal tetramerization domain and a proline-rich domain.","The HPV E6 protein targets this protein for degradation, as does the ubiquitin ligase mdm2.","It is activated downstream of double-stranded breaks induced by UV damage.","This protein triggers the transcription of p21, which arrests the cell at the G1/S checkpoint.","For 10 points, name this innocuously named tumor suppressor, known as the \"guardian angel\" of the genome."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956a1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..590d140d84b1a590a0333cec17c9412b45fd8d9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,15.72],[15.84,20.92],[21.04,28.8],[28.92,32.68],[32.8,38.44],[38.56,46.24]],"texts":["A variant of ´etale cohomology used in algebraic geometry over fnite felds is named afer these mathematical objects.","Cer-tain types of equations can be solved in the rational numbers if and only if they admit a solution in each of these felds and in the real numbers, according to Hasse's local-global principle.","Skolem's method uses these numbers to solve Thue equations, a subset of Diophantine equations.","Ostrowski's theorem states that, besides the reals, these families of numbers are the only normed completions of the rational numbers, and in the feld of these numbers,","distance is related to congruence modulo a prime power.","The integers of this type can be constructed by taking the inverse limit of Z mod increasing powers of a prime number.","For 10 points, identify these numbers, which can be conceptualized as numbers written in a prime number base which can have infnitely many nonzero digits to the lef."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957a1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d670dfd4cdd2b237351d9d9679cf6b5ef8eb6d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.52],[6.64,12.48],[12.6,19.16],[19.28,23.48],[23.6,28.56],[28.68,34.68],[34.8,45.12],[45.24,52.36]],"texts":["The first draft of this document is often attributed to Samuel Griffith, who is now the namesake of a society dedicated to defending it.","However, some argue that Griffith merely revised a pre-existing draft by Andrew Inglis Clark to create this document.","A three-week crisis involving this document was caused by a multibillion dollar loan from a Pakistani financier named Tirath Khemlani,","approved by a dubious letter of authority given by the Minister of Minerals and Energy.","That cri- sis involving this document was precipitated by the Overseas Loans Affair.","Section 57 of this document allows for the act of \"double dissolution,\" and Section 83 provides for supply of money.","This document establishes \"Chapter III courts,\" and the 1975 crisis over it resulted in the caretaker Malcolm Fraser being named to office in \"The Dismissal\" by Governor-General John Kerr.","For 10 points, name this document which is the supreme law of a country that was home to the Eureka Stockade and led by the PMs Robert Menzies and Kevin Rudd."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958a1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45eb7311adce64c9b212904122b497efca128593
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,9.48],[9.6,18.08],[18.2,24.16],[24.28,32.64],[32.76,38.72],[38.84,44.12]],"texts":["Congress attempted to get around the restrictions imposed by the Supreme Court in this case by passing tax legislation, but the case of Bailey v.","Drexel struck down that attempt.","The dissent in this case, which opined that \"regulation means the prohibition of something,\" was quoted approvingly when this case was reversed by United States v. Darby.","The majority opinion by William Rufus Day adds \"expressly\" to the wording of the 10th Amendment to denote limitations on the Com-merce Clause,","while the dissent declares that states are \"no longer within their rights\" when they \"seek to send their products across state lines;\" that dissent in this case was by Oliver Wendell Holmes.","This case involved the owner of a cotton mill in North Carolina, who sued to stop the enforcement of the Keating-Owen Act.","For 10 points, name this 1918 Supreme Court case which struck down federal restrictions on child labor."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959a1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c26e79ad4847e23fd6cfcc46f79bd776d7db8158
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959a1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.28],[5.4,8.44],[8.56,14.96],[15.08,19.16],[19.28,25.96],[26.08,34.2],[34.32,41.8],[41.92,48.28]],"texts":["This military commander captured the vessel Marmaduke and made it his fagship afer renaming it Revenge of Whitehall.","His mistress late in life was the actress Margaret Hughes.","During his time as a pirate, he led a naval revolt which fought at Kinsale and then moved to Lisbon under protection of Portuguese king Afonso VI,","until he was forced to take his piracy to the Mediterranean with his brother Maurice.","He was ridiculed in cartoons as a warlock, because he was ofen followed by a large white poodle named Boy rumored to be his familiar.","He served as the frst governor of the Hudson's Bay Company, and his interest in scientifc experiments led him to develop the art of mezzotint printmaking in England.","This man, who led a winning cavalry charge at Edgehill, was the son of Elizabeth Stuart and the elector Palatine, Frederick V. For 10 points,","name this commander who lost at Marston Moor and Naseby as the primary general for the Royalist army under King Charles I."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95aa1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95aa1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e7320a1c2c70144b9c7a341a623a447ca96c3ccd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95aa1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,12.8],[12.92,20.72],[20.84,29.2],[29.32,35.84],[35.96,42.16]],"texts":["Traditional love poems in this language were categorized according to five \"landscapes\", each named for a particular flower.","In one work in this language, the protagonist pretends to circle around her murderous husband three times to worship him, but then shoves him off a hill to his death.","In another work in this language, a woman cuts off one of her breasts to cast a curse that burns to the ground the city that put her husband to death on false charges.","The oldest collection of religious poems in this language gave rise to a namesake meter called Paripaatal, and many works in this language are written in akaval meter.","A poem about a woman who marries the thief Kaalan and a poem about the anklet of Kannagi are two of this language's Five Great Epics.","For 10 points, the Kundalakesi and Cilappatikaram were written in what Dravidian language spoken in South India and Sri Lanka?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ba1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ba1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a80c942b204550490d32a8d838d519a03aea7c51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ba1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.0],[6.12,11.32],[11.44,18.6],[18.72,23.72],[23.84,30.72],[30.84,38.16],[38.28,44.64]],"texts":["This period is the subject of three chronicles known as the Commentaries of G¯ongyang, Gˇuliang, and Zuo.","One method of organizing this era divides it into the ages of regional cultures, encroachments, and reforms.","A minister near the end of this period wrote two manuals - one on fish farming, and one laying out the \"twelve golden rules\" for business success.","That minister is also said to have discovered the beautiful Xi Shi, and lived with her on a boat in Taihu Lake.","The chancellor Guan Zhong stabilized this period by introducing the ba system, which installed a series of five hegemons beginning with Duke Huan.","This period, which ended with the partition of the State of Jin, also featured the Hundred Schools of Thought, and it was the first portion of the Eastern Zhou dynasty.","For 10 points, name this period followed by the Warring States, which is the namesake of some annals that are a Classic of Chinese literature."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ca1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ca1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b41659fd760ea6cc064d17ff89157104cb84507b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ca1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,12.32],[12.44,19.8],[19.92,24.44],[24.56,31.2],[31.32,37.72],[37.84,45.16]],"texts":["A problem in this field of study, which is in the PPAD-complete complexity class, may be solved using the Lemke-Howson algorithm.","A counterintuitive result in this field of study concerning the distribution of traffic flow is illustrated by Braess's paradox.","That paradox in this field of study illustrates the concept of \"price of anarchy,\" a measure of a system's efficiency under the pressure of human behavior.","The technique of backwards induction for solving problems was introduced in a pioneering work of this field.","Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson won a Nobel Prize for creating a \"reverse\" form of this discipline, which is called mechanism design.","Oskar Morgenstern and John von Neumann wrote an introduction to this field of study, the latter of whom proved the minimax theorem in it.","The study of strategic decision making characterizes, for 10 points, what field of study which analyzes Kuhn Poker and the prisoner's dilemma?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95da1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95da1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..08f884d71989f52b940e93073ceba6bab7617f01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95da1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,15.8],[15.92,22.04],[22.16,29.64],[29.76,34.16],[34.28,41.04],[41.16,47.56]],"texts":["A \"balanced path\" of a certain quantity in this formalism is achieved with assumptions that ensure its predictions correspond to Nicholas Kaldor's stylized facts.","When this formalism's central equation satisfies Euler's homogeneity theorem, there is no need to specify the ownership of firms since their profit in the long run is zero.","Mankiw, Romer, and Weil proposed augmenting this formalism with a distinction between human and physical capital.","An extension of this formalism that adds the assumptions of Walrasian equilibrium and endogenous household savings is named for Ramsey, Cass, and Koopmans.","Equilibrium in this formalism is achieved when gross investment equals depreciation.","This formalism was intended to critique the Harrod-Domar model and uses a neoclassical production function with exogenous savings.","For 10 points, name this growth model sometimes co-named for Trevor Swan and sometimes named just for an MIT economist."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962a1.json b/tossups/a1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962a1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc674d0a7fe95ba9a5bb7ec535cfd1b7f09833d7
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.08],[4.2,10.04],[10.16,14.12],[14.24,19.12],[19.24,24.12]],"texts":["In this play, a character is lambasted for having given his younger brother the measles.","One character in this play gives a poor offstage rendition of a Chopin waltz, perhaps due to her constantly jittering hands.","That character interrupts a violent argument by entering the room bearing her wedding dress.","Mary's morphine addiction and Edmund's imminent tuberculosis diagnosis are central elements of this play.","For 10 points, name this Eugene O'Neill play about one day in the lives of the Tyrone family."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bb4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bb4.json
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cb4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cb4.json
new file mode 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4db4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4db4.json
new file mode 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4eb4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4eb4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,15.52],[15.64,21.32],[21.44,27.84],[27.96,35.32],[35.44,42.6]],"texts":["This author asked the question \"At what hour do the hours end?\" in a poem that notes \"I too await the coming of my hour,","I exist\" titled \"The Clerk's Vision.\" A poem by this author that states \"I go among your body as among the world\" has a structure based on the synodic period of Venus.","In that surrealist poem by this author, the last six lines are the same as the first six lines,","which describe a river that \"advances and retreats\" and is \"winding forever.\" This author collected prose poems in Eagle or Sun?","A 584-line poem by this author opens with \"a willow of crystal, a poplar of water\" and is titled for an Aztec relic.","For 10 points, what author wrote the poem \"Sun Stone\" and the essays in The Labyrinth of Solitude about the heritage of his native Mexico?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87b4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4b4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4b4.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5b4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a130935f992abf68830172beb36b30df06043b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,16.8],[16.92,18.64],[18.76,27.52],[27.64,36.36],[36.48,42.28]],"texts":["In a novel by this author, a teenager takes a summer apprenticeship with a well-digger to escape city life, during which he loses his virginity to the title actress.","The protagonist of another novel by this author claims \"no one recognizes the happiest moment of their lives\" as he contemplates the butterfly-shaped earring of his girlfriend,","who died in a car crash.","In a third novel by this author, an assassin steals 19 of the 20 poems which a man wrote out of frustration over his love for Ipek, who is attracted to the terrorist Blue.","A performance of The Spanish Tragedy turns deadly for Zaim in that novel by this author, in which a headscarf ban prompts several suicides of several young girls which are investigated by Ka.","For 10 points, name this author of The Museum of Innocence and Snow, a Nobel laureate from Turkey."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6b4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,12.32],[12.44,17.72],[17.84,26.0],[26.12,28.52],[28.64,35.4],[35.52,42.32]],"texts":["Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests are commonly used to examine persistence in this economic statistic in Europe,","such as in a June 2020 working paper by Jordi Gali which proposes policies to alleviate \"insider-outsider\" markets.","Olivier Blanchard and Larry Summers explained such persistence in this statistic via hysteresis.","Leading New Keynesian theories hold that volatility in this non-monetary statistic is limited by nominal price rigidity, which is a form of stickiness.","It's plotted against the vacancy rate on a Beveridge Curve.","Keeping this statistic near its \"natural rate\" and as low as sustainably possible is part of the \"dual mandate\" of the Federal Reserve.","Cyclical, structural, and frictional changes drive most fluctuations in, for 10 points, what statistic that measures the jobless rate?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8b4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,12.72],[12.84,19.16],[19.28,27.68],[27.8,35.96]],"texts":[". In the Philippines, this holiday can be celebrated with a Kalag-Kalag feast and coconut wine and this holiday is sometimes known as Undas.","Celebrants of this holiday may decorate with fake marigold flowers or use their petals to create paths leading to their front doors.","A cartoon of a woman wearing an oversized hat with two feathers inspired this holiday's practice of reading humorous epitaphs.","Elaborately cut tissue paper known as papel picado is used to decorate tombstones during this holiday, whose main celebration centers on the family ofrenda, or altar.","Often associated with All Souls Day and incorrectly conflated with Halloween is, for 10 points, what Mexican holiday celebrated in honor of deceased relatives?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedb4.json b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedb4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedb4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,10.64],[10.76,19.76],[19.88,26.16],[26.28,35.72],[35.84,42.88]],"texts":["This book's author differentiates between two forms of happiness, one of which requires divine assistance.","The author of this work admits that while goodness can \"be more or less,\" being cannot be more or less.","Though the author of this work supported the existence of a necessary connection for causality, this book's idea of an occasionalist foundation for science is similar to Al-Ghazali's.","This text refers to Averroes as \"The Commentator\" and its second section makes developments in just war theory.","This book argues for a determinism where God is the cause of everything as parts of its cycle going from God, to creation, to man, to Christ and eventually back to God.","Five arguments for the existence of God are contained in - for 10 points - what philosophical and theological magnum opus of Thomas Aquinas?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,15.12],[15.24,22.16],[22.28,27.56],[27.68,33.68],[33.8,38.0],[38.12,43.04]],"texts":["In 1971, Mario Roymans stole this painting and tried to ransom it using the name \"Tilj van Limburg\" to raise money for victims of the Bangladeshi genocide.","A crumpled piece of paper at its bottom right contains a nonsensical musical score and lies beneath a floral tapestry that serves as the repoussoir for this painting.","The foreground of this painting includes a shadowy map rendered at a very sharp angle, while the floor is patterned in marbled white and X-shaped black tiles.","A hearth, as well as a seascape with a boat and a landscape with a traveler, hang on the back wall shown in this painting.","Morning slippers and a broom appear in front of this painting's two people: a woman in blue who gazes with disapproval,","and a woman dressed in yellow who holds a lute in one hand and the title object in the other.","For 10 points, name this genre scene by Jan Vermeer in which a maid gives a woman a secret document."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c6962c808bcc9f9a8eb1c9d774abb3d0fe8cc258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.24],[5.36,12.88],[13.0,18.6],[18.72,25.16],[25.28,32.36],[32.48,36.4],[36.52,41.52],[41.64,47.08]],"texts":["In this type of potential, the four-vector probability current simply equals two times the four-momentum.","In natural units, the normalization factor for the relativistic solutions of this type of potential equals the square root of energy plus mass.","This potential is characterized by a doubly-degenerate continuous energy spectrum ranging from zero to positive infinity.","The Hamiltonian for this potential was written as alpha dotted with the momentum plus beta times the mass by Paul Dirac.","This potential's solutions can be written as a sum of two plane waves traveling in opposite directions, but since that solution is not normalizable,","a Fourier transform can be introduced to write the solution as a wave packet.","This system is conceptually equivalent to a particle-in-a-box with an infinite box length.","For 10 points, name this quantum system consisting of a particle in a region with zero potential energy."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88033a0b58dde83bd5c9a1535923a274c1fc4770
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.28],[7.4,21.72],[21.84,25.6],[25.72,34.16],[34.28,39.24],[39.36,47.04]],"texts":["J. Yellowlees Douglass' analysis of Stuart Moulthrop's Victory Garden suggests that \"readers must supply\" their own variety of this concept.","Peter Rabinowitz classifies varieties of this concept as \"inertial\" or \"non-inertial\" depending upon expectations in an article about its effects as a \"Disruptive Source.\" This entity is said to \"make possible a satisfying consonance with\" the rest of the work in which it appears,","and thus give \"meaning to lives and to poems,\" according to a book by Frank Kermode.","A character lives under the name of Missus Roughwood and poses for Dante Gabriel Rossetti at the beginning of two examples of this narrative element used by John Fowles in The French Lieutenant's Woman.","This is the fifth and final component of Freytag's pyramid, which places it after the falling action.","A deus ex machina is one form of providing, for 10 points, what resolutions, which for a fairy-tale might include \"They lived happily ever after.\"?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738ab4.json b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738ab4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fce1dac81ee8e8d35099d4de29c3c129e5b8d61f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738ab4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.52],[3.64,9.4],[9.52,13.04],[13.16,19.8],[19.92,27.08],[27.2,29.72],[29.84,34.48],[34.6,41.16],[41.28,47.52]],"texts":["A legendary American practitioner in this industry was Jonathan Bourne.","A group of people involved in this activity slaughtered all but two members of the local Gunditjmara people at the settlement of Portland,","during an incident called the Convincing Ground Massacre in Australia.","During the 1950s and early 60s, this industry was the primary concern of a company named for Christian Salvesen.","When a local merchant, Constantino Davidoff, tried to remove that company's property as part of Project Alpha, he unwittingly sparked a conflict at South Georgia,","now known as the War of the Falkland Islands.","An incident called the \"Disaster of 1871\" was a severe setback to this industry.","The \"City That Lit the World\" became the motto for the town of New Bedford when it became a base for this industry after the American Revolution.","For 10 points, name this industry, based in towns like Nantucket, in which products like baleen are harvested from certain sea animals."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df3ddba2602b93e04081b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df3ddba2602b93e04081b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ee90698a1e8a0d989221f557954776d242f4743
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df3ddba2602b93e04081b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.04],[8.16,14.8],[14.92,21.28],[21.4,27.52],[27.64,33.64],[33.76,37.48],[37.6,45.64]],"texts":["This event was revenge for an incident three years prior in which one man's castle was destroyed brick by brick after the defeat of the army of his uncle Joakim.","One of the spectators, a merchant named Hass, was killed for crying and of the eighteen men initially named for death only six were killed.","It occurred after the surrender of the forces of Dame Christina two months earlier to a land force under the command of Otto Krumpen.","Ultimately, it was targeted at the followers of a man who had taken a cannonball to the knee and died ten months earlier at Bogesund.","Possibly planned by the king's minister Didrik Slagheck, it was directly caused by the vengeance sought by Erik Trolle.","As a result 94 people were killed over three days by Jorgen Hellmuth.","For 10 points, name this event perpetrated on supporters of Sten Sture on the orders of Denmark's Christian II in 1520 in the namesake Swedish city."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df7ca243aee49db2f768b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df7ca243aee49db2f768b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71176a8028ad414a680eeb47f1136d60f8a991cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df7ca243aee49db2f768b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.68],[3.8,9.6],[9.72,15.28],[15.4,24.16],[24.28,32.4],[32.52,36.56]],"texts":["Laura Christian created a Facebook group for people affected by this company.","The head of this company promised \"when we have answers, we will be fully transparent with you, with our regulators,","and with our customers.\" Claire McCaskill claimed this company was trying to \"play whack-a-mole\" with lawsuits,","while Barbara Boxer told its CEO that \"you don't know anything about anything\" after an acrimonious round of testimony before a Congressional subcommittee by CEO Mary Barra.","In 2014, this company recalled millions of its products when it was revealed that ignition switches could shut off engines and prevent airbags from inflating.","For 10 points, name this Detroit based automobile company that makes the Chevy Cobalt."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb4.json b/tossups/b4/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e33e37d53176267ed570c87039298514576d8a64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.76],[9.88,14.32],[14.44,19.04],[19.16,26.72],[26.84,31.24],[31.36,37.24]],"texts":["In a jealous fit, this novel's protagonist is unable to stop thinking about the phrase, \"Do you mind if I pull down the curtain?\" Maria Wallis shoots an Englishman at a train station in this novel.","In this novel's final scene, the protagonist divorces his wife while the Tour de France is passing by.","At a ski lodge, this novel's protagonist meets a rich American heiress named Baby Warren.","Abe North's alcohol-driven deterioration parallels the protagonist's own downward spiral, culminating with Tommy Barban marrying his wife.","In this novel, Hollywood darling Rosemary Hoyt wins the attentions of a celebrated psychologist.","For 10 points, name this semi-autobiographical novel about Nicole and Dick Diver, written by F. Scott Fitzgerald."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f0f7f156fbe7688cba7c11517d1d4a1fc607c9a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,13.04],[13.16,17.52],[17.64,25.32],[25.44,30.0],[30.12,33.12],[33.24,36.96]],"texts":["This man designed the first building in Germany's \"Kulturforum\" project, an art museum that features a heavy steel roof on glass walls and is called the New National Gallery.","He oversaw the design of Canada's largest office complex, the five tower T-D Centre.","This architect worked with Felix Candela to design buildings in Mexico City for Bacardi.","He created a folding chair named after the site of the 1929 exposition; for that Barcelona-based event, he also designed the German pavilion.","He designed an elevated house located in Plano, Illinois and named for Doctor Farnsworth.","With Philip Johnson, this man designed the Seagram Building.","For 10 points, name this architect, the last director of the Bauhaus."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd757b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd757b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b567777884b7331ed8be56192597edc886dc87a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd757b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.48],[8.6,13.04],[13.16,18.24],[18.36,25.72],[25.84,33.64]],"texts":["One boycott organized by this man used the slogan \"Don't Buy Gas Where You Can't Use the Restroom.\" He opened a public investigation into the death of Emmett Till.","Months before the Brown v Board decision, he applied to the law school of the University of Mississippi.","Phil Ochs's \"Too Many Martyrs\" and Bob Dylan's \"Only a Pawn in Their Game\" are about this man.","In 1994, Byron De La Beckwith was convicted after bragging to Ku Klux Klan members about shooting this organizer of the Jackson Movement in 1963.","For 10 points, name this first NAACP Field Secretary of Mississippi whose assassination caused a furor during the civil rights movement."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd759b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd759b4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7be975f1e4c1ad5d738e2c2a758a98520fa1eef4
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+++ b/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd759b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.08],[9.2,16.6],[16.72,23.32],[23.44,30.56]],"texts":["This work contains a chapter opening with \"My child, you are not yet a brave and wise lover.\" Its third section consists of dialogues between a disciple and the voice of the title figure,","and is called \"Internal Consolation.\" This work was influenced by the Brethren of the Common Life, and the larger trend of devotio moderna.","From the invention of the printing press until the early twentieth century, this book trailed only the Bible in the number of copies in circulation.","For 10 points, name this work about spiritual living, which was written sometime around 1400 and is often attributed to Thomas a Kempis."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd759b4.opus b/tossups/b4/62df83920c3a38102cd759b4.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b4.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.84],[4.96,12.4],[12.52,23.16],[23.28,31.12]],"texts":["One of this author's works describes a discussion of the problem of how to cook a turbot too large for any pan.","Another of this author's works claims that men are crueler than animals and describes a riot in Egypt in which a man was torn to pieces and eaten as evidence.","Samuel Johnson adapted one of this man's works as \"The Vanity of Human Wishes.\" Speaking through his friend Umbricius, this man wrote that Rome is a place where \"no decent Roman\" belongs.","For 10 points, the phrases \"bread and circuses\" and \"who will guard the guards themselves\" were coined by what Roman author of the Satires?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b4.opus b/tossups/b4/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b4.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab4.json b/tossups/b4/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab4.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,12.76],[12.88,18.4],[18.52,24.04],[24.16,29.36],[29.48,36.16]],"texts":["Leo Strauss's Thoughts on this thinker were discussed in a work by Harvey Mansfield, who argued that this man sought to overthrow Christianity.","This man used a poetic quote beginning \"Virtue shall take up arms against savagery\" to inspire his countrymen,","at the end a book that uses the metaphors of a damming a river and beating a woman to describe mastering Fortune.","Frederick II of Prussia wrote a tract against this man, who often discussed a type of skillful manliness called virtu.","This man condemned mercenaries and encouraged those with a choice to pick being feared over being loved.","For 10 points, name this author of Discourses on Livy, the Florentine who wrote a realist tract about rule called The Prince."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a33db4.json b/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a33db4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a33db4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.48],[5.6,11.44],[11.56,15.04],[15.16,24.12],[24.24,26.88],[27.0,31.08]],"texts":["One of these events is the site of the first appearance of Mister Hurst, his wife, and his sister-in-law, Caroline,","the latter of whom disparages the possibility of one of these events occurring at Netherfield as a punishment, not a pleasure.","A mischievous soldier does not attend one of them to avoid Georgiana's brother.","During one of these events in Meryton, Jane is referred to as \"the most beautiful creature\" in the room by Mister Bingley, while Jane's sister is derided as \"tolerable,","but not handsome enough to tempt me\" by Mister Darcy.","For 10 points, name this type of social dance event common in the novels of Jane Austen."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a33fb4.json b/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a33fb4.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a33fb4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,12.2],[12.32,21.32],[21.44,27.44],[27.56,33.68]],"texts":["This city was where Nikolaus Skoufas and two other leaders founded the Filiki Eteria, a secret society promoting Greek independence.","This city came to prominence under the governorship of a noble French refugee, the Duke of Richelieu.","This city's Jewish community included the author of Auto-Emancipation, Leon Pinkser, and formed the \"Jewish Militia for War against Pogroms\" in response to its many pogroms.","The sailor Valenchuk's corpse was brought into this city after mutinying sailors came to this port during the 1905 Revolution.","For 10 points, name this city in Ukraine where Battleship Potemkin was filmed, and that contains a famous set of steps."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a340b4.json b/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a340b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62df8ab610329be735a340b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.76],[9.88,14.64],[14.76,23.76],[23.88,28.2],[28.32,34.28]],"texts":["One man who held this profession based many of his ideas on the principle of socialitas and became royal historiographer in Sweden, where his reputation was defended against attacks by Leibniz.","In England, this profession arose out of Henry II's 1166 Assize of Clarendon.","Another man primarily of this profession wrote De Indis, out of which came his Mare Liberum, but his best known work was written during Spanish occupation of his country during the Eighty Years War'.","\"On the Duty of Man and Citizen\" was written by Samuel von Pufendorf, one of these men.","For 10 points, name this profession held by an advocate of the freedom of the seas and just war, Hugo Grotius."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fb4.json b/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fb4.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c51e0d35d7b3af50889f0a6e20844c945c472ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fb4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,16.24],[16.36,20.68],[20.8,23.56],[23.68,28.36],[28.48,31.32],[31.44,35.48],[35.6,42.04]],"texts":["One of these people was made to sit on hot iron plates as burning-hot sand was poured over his body before his execution the next day by drowning in a river.","A boy who got this title at age five identified a real queen in a test by sitting on her lap as she was dressed as maidservant, then died at nine from smallpox.","The ritual for transferring this title involves five copper coins and a coconut.","The most recent one has promulgated the Mul Mantar verse.","The last in a set of these leaders called five volunteers to undergo mock-beheading in his tent.","The dead body of the first one vanished amid flowers.","This title is now and forever held by the Granth Sahib, a holy book.","For 10 points, name this religious title whose tenth human holder was Gobind Singh, which was ascribed to Nanak as he began the Sikh faith."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960b4.json b/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.6],[9.72,15.72],[15.84,20.56],[20.68,24.48],[24.6,30.24],[30.36,36.6],[36.72,39.84]],"texts":["In a common biological protocol, lipids are subjected to the high-performance version of this technique and are subsequently transferred onto a PVDF membrane; that is the Far-Eastern blot.","In the reversed phase version of this technique, one of its phases can be modified by the addition of octadecyldimethyl groups.","Virtually all amines and carbamates can be detected by the use of ninhydrin in this technique.","Iodine and UV light are commonly used for imaging the results of this technique.","Dividing the solute propagation by the solvent front propagation gives the retardation factor in this analytical method.","Like a similar technique with paper, the stationary phase in this technique is generally silica on a glass or plastic plate.","For 10 points, name this simple type of chromatography."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961b4.json b/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961b4.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b4/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961b4.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.2],[3.32,11.04],[11.16,17.36],[17.48,26.16],[26.28,31.6]],"texts":["The town of Saracinesco was founded after one of these was averted.","People were forced to eat their own dung according to Procopius just before one of these, whilst he suggests that news of another caused Honorius to count his chickens.","The most recent of these events involved the forces of Ferrante Gonzaga and took place following a defeat of the league of Cognac,","whilst Henry IV's popularity helped precipitate another following a relieved siege and mob killed Petronius Maximus for allowing one of these events to take place in 455CE.","For 10 points name these events, the most famous of which was perpetrated in 410CE by Alaric the Visigoth."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bb9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bb9.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,11.32],[11.44,18.72],[18.84,24.72],[24.84,33.64],[33.76,38.24]],"texts":["A 3/4-time section of this work begins with clarinets and flutes alternately playing groups of sixteenth notes over another theme that alternates between the trumpet and violin parts;","that section features a prominent violin solo.","The opening theme of this work is heard in alternate measures in the low voices while the winds play B major chords at the ending of the final section.","This piece includes a 12/8 rhythm of forte notes for the timpani to separate three repetitions of a fanfare.","This work includes sections like \"Dance Song\" and ends with the \"Song of the Night Wanderer,\" and its opening theme is played by the trumpets on the notes C, G, C, and is called the \"Sunrise\" theme.","For 10 points, name this work by Richard Strauss who found inspiration in a text by Nietzsche."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cb9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..804f22efd6da94a134e79cbf8c9c7d745273c891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,10.84],[10.96,19.28],[19.4,25.56],[25.68,35.4],[35.52,38.64]],"texts":["This piece's F minor fourth movement begins with two bars of tremolo Ds in the low strings before the second violin enters with a series of pianissimo staccato eighths;","that movement is the only one with a timpani part.","The composer of this piece included a brief description in the program, which called this piece \"more of an expression of feeling than a painting.\" This piece, despite its number,","was the first in the program of a concert at the Theater an der Wien where its composer also premiered his previous work of the same type.","This piece uses winds to represent birds, while its fourth movement \"Thunderstorm\" separates a \"Merry gathering of country people\" and a \"Shepherds' song.\" For 10 points,","name this work by Beethoven that is often called \"Pastoral.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4db9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4db9.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4db9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,9.4],[9.52,13.28],[13.4,19.48],[19.6,23.44],[23.56,26.48],[26.6,31.64],[31.76,38.32]],"texts":["Blue goo is a type of this substance with a high serpentinite content found in Northern California.","Minerals like smectite and montmorillonite in this substance impact its shrink-swell capacity.","Needle ice can be a precursor to frost heaving occurring in this substance.","Climate, relief, and time are among the factors in the development of this substance that are represented in the mnemonic CLORPT.","The movement of air and water through this substance is increased through pedoturbation.","Excessive rain can cause leaching to occur in this substance.","The organic component of this substance is called humus and is more prevalent in its O and A horizons.","For 10 points, name this substance, a variable mixture of sand, silt, and clay whose \"top\" variety has nutrients for plant growth."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4eb9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4eb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a1741be1f453aafdf6783cacc81ba88c00f955d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4eb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,13.92],[14.04,20.6],[20.72,25.4],[25.52,32.88],[33.0,38.04]],"texts":["A character in this novel tests psychological theories by observing a man's reaction to being yelled at in the street by a painter, with whom he walks a hundred paces in silence.","This novel's protagonist is given a copper cross by a woman who encourages him to kiss the earth in a town square.","A man in this novel briefly chats with a soldier designated \"Achilles\" before he declares that he is going to America, then shoots himself.","Its epilogue takes place in a prison hospital, where the protagonist learns to pray in Siberia.","This novel's protagonist is read the story of Lazarus by the prostitute Sonya, who is framed for the theft of a hundred rubles by Luzhin, who seeks to marry Dunya.","For 10 points, the pawnbroker Alyona is murdered by Raskolnikov in what Fyodor Dostoevsky novel?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87b9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aef746f7586c4a8af692a0012bccbc796a44d2bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,14.16],[14.28,17.56],[17.68,25.28],[25.4,31.64],[31.76,36.84],[36.96,43.88]],"texts":["A Lenin quote made in the aftermath of the Kronstadt Soviet says \"Here or there with\" one of these objects,","\"but not with opposition.\" Activist Cesar Lopez presented a guitar inspired by the shape of these objects, the escopetarra, to the current Dalai Lama,","who used the word \"reasonable\" in a statement about them in Portland, Oregon.","At the 1938 Sixth Plenary Congress, a leader stated that \"Every Communist must grasp the truth\" before making a famous statement about these objects.","The Mosin-Nagant is an example of these objects, which are crossed with a hoe in a design based on a banner used by FRELIMO.","An aphorism by Mao Zedong states that \"political power grows out of\" part of one of these objects.","For 10 points, name these objects that famously feature on Mozambique's flag, an example of which was designed by Mikhail Kalashnikov."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4b9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49a6f57b4182994eafa6f136f2e7937099fba679
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.48],[8.6,15.2],[15.32,21.6],[21.72,27.52],[27.64,35.32],[35.44,40.6]],"texts":["Spaces that, like these objects, have the 0th and nth homology groups isomorphic to the integers and all others trivial, are the \"homology\" type of these objects.","The homotopy groups of a space consist of equivalence classes of basepoint-preserving maps from these objects to the space.","Milnor found spaces that are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic to these objects in dimension 7, called their \"exotic\" variety.","Any simply connected closed 3-manifold is homeomorphic to these objects of dimension 3 by the Poincare conjecture.","Parameters l and m define a basis for harmonic functions on these objects, which arise by separating angular and radial parts in their namesake coordinates.","For 10 points, what objects consist of all points in Euclidean space that are the same distance from a center?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5b9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..71726d8d9e75700a0a44b955f3389a53d6be4ccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,11.96],[12.08,18.12],[18.24,25.84],[25.96,34.36],[34.48,39.56]],"texts":["In a burial rite from this country, a clan member paints ancestor spirits on a termite-hollowed log; 200 such log coffins make up a memorial here.","Many peoples from this country extend the taboo against naming the dead to their voice and image.","An initiation in this country involved crossing a raised earthen pathway joining two stone circles, called bora rings.","Many peoples from this country re-enact creation myths in costumed dances called corroborees and ascribe shamans the ability to kill by pointing bones.","Those peoples from this country navigated \"songlines\" using music that describes how, during a mythical past called alcheringa, spirits created such landmarks as billabongs.","For 10 points, name this country whose indigenous religions feature the Rainbow Serpent and the Dreamtime."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8b9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc4f4485497782804efbdb09894be2061d0302ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.36],[8.48,19.88],[20.0,26.4],[26.52,36.68],[36.8,41.08]],"texts":["Ian Sansom wrote a 2019 \"biography\" of this poem, which its author claimed \"was infected with an incurable dishonesty - and must be scrapped.\" After 9/11,","this poem regained popularity due to passages like one about \"blind skyscrapers\" that \"use Their full height to proclaim The strength of Collective Man.\" This poem notes \"each woman and each man Craves\" \"not universal love,","but to be loved alone.\" It asks \"What huge imago made A psychopathic god\" before saying \"all schoolchildren learn,","Those to whom evil is done Do evil in return.\" This poem's narrator sits in \"one of the dives On Fifty-second Street\" and proclaims \"We must love one another or die.\" For 10 points,","name this W.H. Auden poem named for the date Germany invaded Poland."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebb9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..158340dbf29bc715ae9e9cfdb734398ca1e2cb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,13.48],[13.6,18.12],[18.24,23.24],[23.36,30.56],[30.68,34.28]],"texts":["In a founding myth of the Lombards, Frigg advised the Winnili women to use this body part to grab the attention of Odin, so he would grant them victory over the Vandals.","In Japanese mythology, a Harionago is a beautiful woman who smiles at young men and attacks them with this body part.","Pryderi got a nickname from his foster father Teyrnon referring to this golden body part.","Minos was able to conquer Megara after Scylla betrays Nisus, who had a purple section of this body part.","In Skaldskaparmal, Gungnir and Skiðblaðnir are also made by the Sons of Ivaldi when Loki has them make a golden replacement for this body part of Sif.","For 10 points, name this body part of Medusa that is made of snakes."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedb9.json b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4110fd0091af019bbe45baeda6654734f68a527f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,13.84],[13.96,19.68],[19.8,25.12],[25.24,29.68],[29.8,34.16],[34.28,37.12]],"texts":["In one text, Rumor is personified as traveling from this city to a Gaetulian king who had given the land for this city.","After Juno promises that Aeolus can marry one of her nymphs, he creates an enormous storm that ends up driving the seven remaining ships of a fleet towards this city.","In a shrine to Juno outside this city, Achates and his friend see a mural depicting the events of the Trojan War.","The ruler of this city was widowed in Tyre when her brother, Pygmalion, killed her husband Sychaeus.","While out on a hunt, the ruler of this city and her lover have sex in a cave during a storm.","This city's ruler immolates herself and calls for revenge on her former lover, Aeneas.","For 10 points, name this city ruled by Dido in the Aeneid."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..64f071b781314435cfa578492414a887abea6ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.48],[7.6,15.2],[15.32,21.76],[21.88,29.44],[29.56,36.48],[36.6,41.08],[41.2,48.0]],"texts":["Immediately before the score for a passage of this type, its composer wrote a Latin phrase translating as \"Harmonic Labyrinth: Easy to Enter,","Difficult to Escape.\" An F-sharp minor piece of this name opens Johannes Brahms's Eight Pieces, in which these pieces are paired with intermezzos.","Pietro Locatelli's opus 3 features twelve concerti, the first and third movements of each of which contains a passage known by this name.","The horns introduce a \"sighing theme\" on which the orchestra plays variations in the second movement Variazioni of a piece named for this form.","That example of this kind of piece is a work for solo violin and orchestra and features first and third movement alboradas that represent the dawn,","and ends with cymbals and castanets energetically playing the Fandango Asturiano.","For 10 points, give this term for pieces whose name reflects the composer's whims, an example of which is Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's \"Espagnol.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2b09c3585ccc56bd3e4e5920512814c0bd92e567
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,19.72],[19.84,28.76],[28.88,37.64],[37.76,43.56],[43.68,51.4]],"texts":["One of these poems by this author encourages its addressee to \"let Euclid rest,","and Archimedes pause\" and dubs that addressee's grandfather a \"British Themis.\" Another of these poems by this author begs its addressee \"Help us to save free conscience from the paw\" of Gospel-driven \"hireling wolves.\" Cyriack Skinner is the addressee of two of these poems,","a third of which laments the actions of \"Time, the subtle thief of youth.\" One of these poems mentions a time \"when all our fathers worshipped stocks and stones\" and exhorts \"Avenge, O Lord,","thy slaughtered saints, whose bones Lie scattered on the Alpine mountains cold.\" The speaker of another of these poems asks \"Doth God exact day-labour,","light denied?\" and is assured by Patience that \"They also serve who only stand and wait.\" For 10 points,","name this group of 14- line poems including \"On the Late Massacre in Piedmont\" and \"When I Consider How My Light is Spent\", by the author of Paradise Lost."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ec84f61eebe758359c6ecff951b434127e05065f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.6],[10.72,19.6],[19.72,26.44],[26.56,30.2],[30.32,40.6],[40.72,45.76],[45.88,50.76]],"texts":["Brian Massumi's Parables of the Virtual uses this man's conception of the \"real and abstract\" to show that society creates a \"nature-culture continuum.\" This author borrowed Marcel Proust's line \"real,","but not actual, ideal but not abstract\" to formulate his concept of the \"virtual,\" which are the \"pre-subjects\" and \"pre-objects\" to subjects and objects.","This thinker argued that Einstein's relativity was based on Reimann's conception of multiplicity, and not Henri Bergson's conception,","in a book that rehabilitated Bergson's reputation called Bergsonism.","With a psychiatrist, this philosopher noted that sexuality is everywhere: \"the bureaucrat fondles his papers, and the bourgeoisie fucks the proletariat,\" which inspired his use of schizoanalysis.","This author coined the term \"body without organs\" in a book written with Felix Guattari.","For 10 points, name this post-structuralist philosopher of Capitalism and Schizophrenia."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eb9.json b/tossups/b9/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..392a5bbe3273e1d419a685151db3d8ec9f22cbea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.6],[8.72,15.52],[15.64,22.56],[22.68,29.92],[30.04,35.44],[35.56,42.68]],"texts":["A scene in this work involves the discovery of dead, naked banker named J.M.B. and a character's mistaken belief about the lengths to which his longtime friend would go to cover it up.","Its main character pens an article ruminating on the need to put pets to sleep after he is told by his maid, Damiana, that his cat has become uncontrollable.","Although its protagonist was once engaged to a woman named Ximena Ortiz, she leaves him after he spends one last night in the Barrio Chino.","Set in the town of La Paz, its narrator, a newspaper critic, once boastful of his status as two time client of the year in the city's red light district,","ends up falling in love for the first time with a girl 76 years younger than him at Rosa Cabarcas' brothel.","For 10 points, identify this 2004 novella about a 90 year old writer's love for Delgadina, a work by Gabriel Garcia Marquez."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f768b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f768b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..183e1017a3571475df0479c98ec4b1026e797e4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f768b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.72],[4.84,9.6],[9.72,13.68],[13.8,17.84],[17.96,24.64],[24.76,30.44],[30.56,35.72]],"texts":["This man found a chest full of treasure by telling his master to dig at the spot where he dropped a hat.","This man tricked Rhun into cutting off a maid's finger to try to prove he had slept with a noblewoman.","While skating, he fell into a trance and saw the son of Gwyddno in a dungeon.","This man inadvertently foiled a woman's attempt to bless her ugly son Morfran.","He won a horse race against King Maelgwn with Dobbin, thus helping out his master Elphin, who caught this man while fishing for salmon in a weir.","He gained his ability by swallowing three drops of a potion, after which Ceridwen ate this man when he turned into a grain.","For 10 points, name this mythical bard named for the phrase meaning \"shining brow\" in Welsh."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f769b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f769b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3f201001a68027acb6da1f0c4e2548f59f5e677a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f769b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,13.8],[13.92,18.68],[18.8,25.24],[25.36,31.88],[32.0,36.88]],"texts":["An experiment within this larger study had to be scrapped due to a thin film of iron oxide preventing a machine from accurately judging scores.","A participant in this study was nicknamed \"Nudie,\" and several refused to participate in one of the experiments due to the brand of pencil used.","Another experiment in this study asked participants to estimate the length of a tug-of-war contest.","Two participants in this study, Davis and Boyd, failed to complete all three stages because they were sent home prior to Stage 2.","This study concerned the development and reduction of intergroup conflict between the \"Rattlers\" and the \"Eagles,\" two groups of twelve-year-old boys.","For 10 points, name this study conducted in the namesake State Park in Oklahoma by Muzafer Sherif."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb9.json b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..91bf228097d9d70ca54a781f9b03eab172825c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,12.16],[12.28,16.92],[17.04,22.24],[22.36,25.68],[25.8,32.44]],"texts":["This location was named by Doctor Lafayette Bunnell, who entered it while part of a battalion chasing Chief Tenaya.","James Mason Hutchings ran a hotel here, where he employed a Scottish-American who had walked from Indiana to Florida in 1867.","The Raker Act authorized the building of a dam in the northern portion of this place at Hetch Hetch Valley.","A famous photograph shows Teddy Roosevelt and this park's major spokesman, John Muir, at Glacier Point.","This park is where the Half Dome and El Capitan can be found.","For 10 points, name this national park in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, which covers the eastern portions of Mariposa County in California."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb9.opus b/tossups/b9/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bb9.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..97c1dfaa90c6cf6afe5d004ad12c2e54f4785d56
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.08],[6.2,11.0],[11.12,18.12],[18.24,25.8],[25.92,32.04]],"texts":["John Potter's house was a center of agitation for this movement, which was vitalized by the release of Charles Villiers's blue book.","The first British train fatality, William Huskisson, had become prominent by allying with this cause.","James Wilson founded The Economist to support this movement, with funding provided by John Bright and Richard Cobden's league advocating this cause.","The government of Robert Peel fell immediately after the success of this movement, which had been spurred by middle-class merchant support and the need to solve the Irish potato famine.","For 10 points, identify this liberal cause of 1840s England, which sought to end punitive tariffs on grain importation."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b9.opus b/tossups/b9/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1b9.opus
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2b9.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.24],[3.36,6.88],[7.0,13.12],[13.24,18.04],[18.16,22.24],[22.36,28.24],[28.36,34.28]],"texts":["This character applies for a secretarial position with Mister Gregsby.","He injures Sir Mulberry Hawk, who later kills Lord Verisopht in a duel.","He is helped many times by the clerk Newman Noggs, and is given a job in a counting house after befriending the kindly Cheeryble brothers.","This character is given a job adapting French tragedies by Vincent Crummles, who runs an acting troupe.","After a will hidden by Arthur Gride is discovered, this character marries Madeline Bray.","His sister Kate is forced to work in a dressmaking shop while this character beats up Wackford Squeers and befriends Smike.","For 10 points, name this character who clashes with his greedy uncle Ralph, the protagonist and title character of a Dickens novel."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df83920c3a38102cd757b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df83920c3a38102cd757b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b6612b9497e76f69cc7b73e17466715c8b74f1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df83920c3a38102cd757b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.08],[4.2,8.76],[8.88,12.64],[12.76,17.76],[17.88,24.4],[24.52,32.84]],"texts":["Locally compact examples of these algebraic structures can be assigned Haar measures.","All possible composition series of one of these objects are equivalent by the Jordan-Holder theorem.","One class of these has locally Euclidean structure and is named for Lie.","Another class of this type of object dictates the solvability of polynomials and is named for Galois.","As with many algebraic structures, the set of commuting values in one of these is its center and one equal to its own center is Abelian.","For 10 points, name these mathematical structures, each of which consists of a set endowed an associated operation for which there exist an identity and inverses."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df83920c3a38102cd759b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df83920c3a38102cd759b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0fb24ba490a57165fdedf13df05ba78bdf9dedc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df83920c3a38102cd759b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,13.6],[13.72,20.6],[20.72,26.36],[26.48,34.72]],"texts":["Inspired by Giles of Rome's De Regimene Principum, this king encouraged his subjects to call him \"your highness\" and \"your majesty,\" popularizing the use of those terms.","During the reign of this king, a tax levied by the Bad Parliament incited a rebellion against him.","This king's favorite advisers, such as Robert de Vere and Michael de la Pole, were condemned to death by the Lords Appellant during the Merciless Parliament.","This son of Edward the Black Prince ended a threat to his rule after a meeting at Smithfield, where the mayor of London killed Wat Tyler.","For 10 points, name this Plantagenet king of England who put down the Peasants' Revolt and was dethroned by Henry IV after ruling from 1377 to 1399."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fda00b4d5526ee12136b414a116f6087c028e48d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.16],[9.28,18.28],[18.4,22.96],[23.08,28.84]],"texts":["In one process which produces this compound, nitrogen oxides are removed from the liquid phase to the gas phase in the Glover tower, which is connected by the namesake units to the Gay-Lussac tower.","In another process which produces this compound, a container of silica with a vanadium (V) oxide catalyst produces its namesake element's trioxide, which is converted to oleum.","Those processes for producing this compound are the lead chamber process and the contact process.","For 10 points, name this strong acid, the only one to be diprotic, with a chemical formula of H2SO4."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b9.opus b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377b9.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cf4be124c166d0f3728d7d7ebb4fea3f639dcf10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,11.44],[11.56,17.2],[17.32,22.44],[22.56,30.24],[30.36,33.48]],"texts":["In one aria, this opera's title character angrily rants that a group of courtiers are a vile and damned race.","Another character in this opera claims to be a poor student named Gualtier Malde after giving Giovanna a hefty bribe.","Marullo tells everyone about the title character's mistress, and later blindfolds him while forcing him to hold a ladder.","The lead soprano announces her love in \"Caro Nome,\" not knowing her would-be lover has been cursed by Count Monterone.","The title character hires Maddalena and Sparafucile to kill the Duke of Mantua, who sings \"La Donna e Mobile\" and thereby reveals that Gilda has died instead.","For 10 points, name this Verdi opera about a jester."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab9.json b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..018bf11a9e8b2c56808e2e3f9db2e8f358f8b366
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.2],[5.32,10.32],[10.44,16.2],[16.32,25.64],[25.76,31.72]],"texts":["This material causes potential wells and hills that are exhibited in the late-time integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect.","The FLRW metric shows that one accepted model of this material would need to have negative pressure.","In 2011, the Hubble Telescope ruled out a bubble of empty space that was considered an alternative to this material.","Two proposed forms of this material are quintessence and a type described by the cosmological constant; those two forms are used in describing a stationary and accelerating universe.","For 10 points, name this hypothetical material believed to form the majority of the mass-energy content of the universe."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab9.opus b/tossups/b9/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb37ab9.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a33db9.json b/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a33db9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..59a8cfb9e9396af43c6c4875745676eec9b70949
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a33db9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,9.92],[10.04,13.84],[13.96,17.64],[17.76,25.92],[26.04,27.6],[27.72,33.32],[33.44,37.04]],"texts":["This quantity can be calculated as the product of density, free-stream velocity and circulation.","A condition used to calculate this quantity fixes the rear stagnation point and is the Kutta condition.","A spinning spherical projectile experiences this force in the Magnus effect.","The coefficient for this force is typically plotted against the angle of attack.","This force can be explained as the result of a pressure differential that results from a flow traveling a greater distance and faster speed over the top of a certain object,","according to Bernoulli's principle.","Because this force's direction is perpendicular to oncoming flow, it is often contrasted with drag.","For 10 points, identify this upward acting force on an aircraft wing."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a33fb9.json b/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a33fb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1926b9ea0550403330c255f0dac079b6e274a9c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a33fb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.48],[5.6,8.76],[8.88,13.6],[13.72,19.76],[19.88,25.04],[25.16,29.48],[29.6,32.56],[32.68,39.28]],"texts":["The points named for half of this value on a transfer function plot are alternately called the 3 dB points.","The cosine of the phase angle is equal to this value's namesake factor.","A time-averaged form of this quantity's density divided by the speed of light gives the radiation pressure.","This quantity is equal to the surface integral of the cross product of the electric and magnetic fields according to Poynting's theorem.","The maximum amount of this quantity is transferred when the load resistance is the same as the Thevenin resistance.","Using Ohm's law, it is found to be current squared times resistance for a resistor.","For ohmic elements, it is often given off as heat.","For 10 points, name this quantity that is the amount of energy a circuit transfers per unit time and is measured in watts."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a340b9.json b/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a340b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05f7d1fbff3c46ea52d43a0646cbf518176b34e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62df8ab610329be735a340b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,8.6],[8.72,16.76],[16.88,27.12],[27.24,34.84],[34.96,42.28]],"texts":["For a spin glass, the natural log of this function can be computed using the replica trick.","This value is expanded into a power series in the Mayer cluster expansion.","For a gas of N identical particles, this value is equal to 1 over the quantity N factorial times h to the 3N all times an integral.","Taking the derivative of the log of this quantity with respect to the thermodynamic beta can be used to prove the result that each degree of freedom of a system contributes the same amount of energy to a system.","This quantity is the sum over all of the Boltzmann factors of a system, and its natural log is multiplied by negative kT to give the Helmholtz free energy.","For 10 points, name this value important in describing canonical ensembles in statistical mechanics, symbolized Z."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95db9.json b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95db9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7afc8ddec01180840cc4cc9e13720acd2375bf42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95db9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.52],[6.64,13.4],[13.52,20.08],[20.2,26.2],[26.32,30.92],[31.04,39.76],[39.88,43.92]],"texts":["At the conclusion of this book, Paphnutius suggests to a character to suppress the narrative, since a \"greater liar\" will eventually tell it.","Another character in this book is mortally wounded in the land of Abcasia, after which he looks in the mirror of the gymnosophists and sees his true love just before dying.","In this book, a castle outfitted with the mirrors of Archimedes that contains seven gilded heads of John the Baptist belongs to the scholar Ardzrouni.","The protagonist meets a skiapod named Gavagai and falls in love with a female satyr named Hypatia while in Pndapetzim,","long after his ability to learn languages enticed Frederick Barbarossa into adopting him.","In this novel's frame narrative, its title character meets Niketas Choniates during the Fourth-Crusade sack of Constantinople and relates his life story, including his search for Prester John.","For 10 points, name this novel about a medieval traveller by Umberto Eco."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eb9.json b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..051d650c3f4ea74ec2f64e495da0f2180a03de06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.04],[4.16,13.4],[13.52,17.68],[17.8,25.76],[25.88,32.32],[32.44,36.04],[36.16,41.4]],"texts":["Transport between these two structures requires the BET1 membrane protein.","The GTPase SAR1A helps assemble Sec23p/24p and Sec13p/31p into the coat that covers molecules being transported between these structures.","Transport between these structures is mediated by the vesicular-tubular cluster,","also called their namesake \"intermediate compartment.\" The presence of a KDEL sequence causes the continuous retrieval of molecules from one of these organelles to the other.","In the first of these organelles, PDI creates disulfide bridges in substrates which the second of these organelles might label with mannose-6-phosphate.","COPII coats proteins transported between these organelles.","For 10 points, name these two organelles, the first of which folds proteins which are then packaged by the second."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fb9.json b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fb9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a145742739987a127ed37d0abdce70e18475635f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fb9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.52],[6.64,13.48],[13.6,19.72],[19.84,30.0],[30.12,39.44],[39.56,42.12]],"texts":["A poem by this man claims that \"Untended, will the she-goats then bring home Their udders swollen with milk,","while flocks afield Shall of the monstrous lion have no fear\" thanks to a boy who is exhorted \"Assume thy greatness,","for the time draws nigh.\" A medieval mode of fortune-telling consisted of picking a random line from this man's longest work.","A \"child of gods,\" interpreted by early Christians as Jesus, appears in a work by this man often referred to as \"Messianic.\" This poet writes in a pastoral poem that bees \"undergo labour,","storing their gains for all,\" and in another work uses apiary similes to describe the construction of a city \"whose walls already rise.\" For 10 points, name this poet of the Eclogues and the Georgics,","the author of Rome's national epic, the Aeneid."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960b9.json b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4ff1d4e05a17b9e1d03a5fa16c351db11ccba67a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,10.12],[10.24,18.28],[18.4,27.16],[27.28,34.4],[34.52,39.32]],"texts":["Early in this event, one of its leaders crossed the city, wearing a handkerchief to feign a toothache and acting drunk to avoid inspections.","Two days before this event, Jaan Anvelt led a similar one in Talinn.","The main action of this event saw a nearly bloodless assault on a building held by junker cadets and a Women's Battalion, and was signaled by a blank shot fired from the cruiser Aurora.","Recorded in Ten Days That Shook the World, this event was motivated in part by a general's attempted coup in the Kornilov Affair and resulted in a precursor to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.","The participants in this event used the slogan \"Peace, Land, Bread,\" and toppled the provisional government of Alexander Kerensky.","For 10 points, name this Russian coup led by Trotsky and Lenin late in 1917."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961b9.json b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961b9.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbefac73c194354b99eb0f61f1c4be6d16d43e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/b9/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961b9.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.52],[8.64,14.84],[14.96,20.76],[20.88,28.96],[29.08,37.12]],"texts":["In a double portrait by this man, the artist's mother sits to the left of the scene sewing, while his sister sits to the right, playing the title piece on an upright piano.","In another work by this man, a seated figure in a hat smokes a clay pipe and competes with another man at the title action.","A series of landscape paintings by this artist depicts the titular mountain near his hometown of Aix-en-Provence.","A notable painting by this man evokes Manet's Luncheon on the Grass and would later influence Picasso's Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon in its depiction of the nude title figures.","For 10 points, The Overture to Tanhauser, The Card Players, Mont Saint-Victoire, and The Bathers are works by which French artist of the post-impressionist movement."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bbb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc3857f025ed5d18393c23be764e4b282d9df175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.08],[7.2,10.84],[10.96,16.72],[16.84,23.24],[23.36,30.72],[30.84,38.0],[38.12,42.76]],"texts":["One major publication in this field distinguishes between formal and informal constraints and shows how informal constraints have a large influence.","McCloskey and Williamson founded a \"society\" devoted to this discipline.","Conrad and Meyer published a manifesto for methods to be used in this field, and its name was coined by Stanley Reiter.","Sokoloff and Engermann published an article in this field stating that institutional structures are less important than the distribution of factors.","A famous work in this field stated that large plantations had the highest total factor productivity and argued that slavery was economically beneficial for blacks.","For 10 points, identify this discipline whose proponents include Nobelist Douglass C. North and the author of Time on the Cross, Robert Fogel,","the application of quantitative methods to economic history, named for the Muse of history."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cbb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b1813bae6b56317aa3d07f0296062cbd4102b67d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.28],[5.4,10.56],[10.68,19.0],[19.12,23.32],[23.44,29.76],[29.88,34.68]],"texts":["One participant in event won a free steak dinner from Pancho Barnes, the proprietor of the Happy Bottom Riding Club.","The person who performed this action had his autobiography co-written by LBJ speechwriter Leo Janos.","The craft used in this event was first field-tested at Pinecastle Army Field by Jack Woolams, and a member of NACA named Herbert Hoover was the first civilian to replicate this feat.","The craft used in this event was nicknamed Glamorous Glennis after the wife of the pilot.","A fictional account of this event was contrasted with the experiences of the Mercury Seven Astronauts in Tom Wolfe's The Right Stuff.","For 10 points, name this event in which a Bell X-1 plane was used to travel faster than Mach 1."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4dbb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4dbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c62aa582c26bf23c49dcad1d098a4f2ec4672de8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4dbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.72],[11.84,19.68],[19.8,24.12],[24.24,35.36],[35.48,39.48]],"texts":["Romans 13:9 states that exhibiting this concept is \"fulfilling the law.\" Psalm 136 states that this aspect of God \"endures forever.\" Jesus says that people will \"know\" his supporters by this concept.","In response to Jesus questioning Peter three times about this concept, Jesus tells him to \"Feed my sheep.\" Benedict XVI's first encyclical is titled for this concept.","In John 15, \"To lay down one's life for a friend\" is the greatest example of this concept.","This concept is called \"the greatest\" of three theological virtues, along with faith and hope, in 1 Corinthians 13; that passage also says that this virtue \"is patient\" and \"is kind.\" For 10 points,","agape is an example of what virtue that is strengthened in the sacrament of marriage?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57bb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c53612cd13dff3e4761ff9b3372acab7bc51c5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.76],[7.88,15.12],[15.24,20.12],[20.24,22.76],[22.88,28.12],[28.24,33.84]],"texts":["The first leader of this group suffered from a severe speech impediment, and one member of this group, Ely Parker, wrote the instrument of surrender at Appomattox.","Cadwallader Colden was an unabashed admirer of this group, whose \"Messiah\", Handsome Lake, may have inspired some of the tenets of Mormonism.","This group was among the combatants in Dummer's War and fought the Beaver Wars in the 17th century.","The Great Law of Peace continues to govern this group.","This group's namesake \"League\" is headquartered at Onondaga and admitted the Tuscarora in the 18th century.","For ten points, name this group legendarily founded by Tododaho, Deganawidah, and Hiawatha."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4bb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..36e48d6795d00272c4f96cf71ebce927a6a411c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.56],[9.68,16.8],[16.92,22.24],[22.36,28.8],[28.92,35.48],[35.6,41.52]],"texts":["This practice is examined within the context of the \"general economy,\" in which it turns depense into a method of \"humiliating\" others, in George Bataille's book The Accursed Share.","Part of this practice in which a boy receives a \"third name\" is discussed in a paper which examines links between this practice and secret societies called Hamatsa.","The Salish wear moon masks during ceremonial dances which are part of this practice, which is identified as an extreme,","agonistic form of a \"total social institution\" in a 1925 essay comparing it to the Melanesian kula economy.","In protest of Canada's ban on this practice, Franz Boas hosted an example with friends from the Kwakwaka'wakw people he studied.","Marcel Mauss's The Gift discusses, for 10 points, what feasts of Northwest Pacific peoples?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5bb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49c9c8ddb81dbec3a8554a7cf87c9a982673b71f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,12.6],[12.72,17.48],[17.6,22.44],[22.56,32.24],[32.36,37.36],[37.48,41.12]],"texts":["Diazonium salts selectively separate these materials into subtypes denoted by absorption bands marked M-sub-1-1 and S-sub-1-1.","The size of these materials can be measured spectroscopically by the frequency of the \"radial breathing mode\".","One class of these materials can be divided into \"parchment\" and \"Russian doll\" structures.","Richard Smalley invented a high-pressure disproportionation method for synthesizing these materials.","These materials can be described by a lattice vector whose parameters, denoted n and m, determine whether these materials adopt chiral, zigzag, or armchair structures.","These materials come in multi-walled and single-walled types, with the latter being equivalent to a rolled-up sheet of graphene.","For 10 points, name these small, cylindrical allotropes of carbon."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebbb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..22592d82c6cd737eee87d34f39c7cf2d45713139
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,11.96],[12.08,18.04],[18.16,24.92],[25.04,31.28],[31.4,37.64]],"texts":["A ruler with this name began his dynasty's use of the motto \"A.E.I.O.U.\" which he would print on all of his belongings.","According to legend, a ruler of this name will rise from his long-lasting sleep when ravens stop circling Kyffhauser Mountain.","Innocent IV feuded with an Emperor of this name whose death triggered the Great Interregnum of the Holy Roman Emperors.","A ruler with this name attempted to increase his power at the Diet of Roncaglia, which catalyzed the creation of the Lombard League, which opposed him.","That ruler with this name drowned in the Saleph River while on a military expedition against Saladin's forces.","For 10 points, give this name shared by two Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Empires, the first of which was nicknamed \"Barbarossa.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedbb.json b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc6e79676342a290fff9bdcca2c3cedec6f49159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,12.2],[12.32,24.0],[24.12,32.56],[32.68,41.28]],"texts":["The Alan Copeland Singers combined this song with Mason Williams' \"Classical Gas.\" The Stone Roses used this song for their anti-monarchy song \"Elizabeth My Dear.\" Martin Carthy's cover of this song inspired \"Girl from the North Country\" by Bob Dylan.","A 1966 cover of this song combined lyrics like \"the child of the mountain/sleeps unaware of the clarion call\" in counterpoint, part of the anti-war song \"Canticle.\" Traditionally a duet,","this song asks a series of impossible tasks, such as making a \"cambric shirt\" with no seams, to a \"true love of mine.\" Named for a medieval Yorkshire trade venue,","this song repeats the mysterious line, \"parsley, sage, rosemary, and thyme.\" For 10 points, name this English ballad famously covered by Simon & Garfunkel."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7654cdff49b47b04c339aaf3bd5519598620e736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,15.0],[15.12,23.12],[23.24,27.96],[28.08,33.76],[33.88,41.76],[41.88,47.2]],"texts":["This poem compares the \"smoothness\" of a woman to \"goodly champaign plain,\" and asserts that women are weak since \"men have marble, women waxen,","minds.\" The main male character of this poem is neither buffeted by the smoke of a torch nor \"the needle his finger pricks\" when he picks up the title character's glove.","Its title character states \"Time's glory is to calm contending kings To unmask falsehood and bring truth to light\" after the title action,","which causes her to tear \"senseless Sinon with her nails\" while destroying a painting of Trojan warriors.","Its title character clads herself in \"mourning black\" and kills herself after telling her husband Collatinus to avenge her honor.","This poem is dedicated to the Earl of Southampton and is based on the Fasti of Ovid, who also provided the source material to its author's Venus and Adonis.","For 10 points, name this narrative poem recounting Tarquin's downfall, written by William Shakespeare."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fb84329f481dda31c66b7850d503b659927246e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.96],[10.08,15.72],[15.84,21.04],[21.16,28.2],[28.32,33.64],[33.76,37.88],[38.0,44.32]],"texts":["Four cyanide ligands are bonded to each atom of this element in a complex whose center is a one-dimensional chain of atoms of this element; that complex is named KCP or Krogmann's salt.","This element is found in the center of Speier's and Karsdedt's catalysts, which catalyze hydrosilylation reactions.","This metal is coordinated to three chlorines and the double bond of an ethylene molecule in Zeise's salt.","This element's dioxide is Adams' catalyst, whose catalytic power is only gained when this element is converted to its pure \"black\" form.","This element is used in proton exchange membrane fuel cells to split hydrogen atoms.","It is found in the center of a square planar complex with chemotherapeutic properties.","The standard hydrogen electrode contains, for 10 points, what element used alongside rhodium and palladium in catalytic converters?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ebb.json b/tossups/bb/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ebb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2c9be813118f6b77ba4ceaa86045a34bbeb5765
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ebb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,13.8],[13.92,17.64],[17.76,27.0],[27.12,34.0],[34.12,37.44],[37.56,45.36]],"texts":["This work's Preface claims inspiration from Apollonius and Pappus' geometry in its method of exigesis.","Its final section dismisses the efficacy of a particular counterargument based on the notion that man, at times, knows not whether he is asleep or awake,","by noting that one's memory never joins dreams to the other actions of life.","That discussion is preceded by the author's argument for \"extension\" as an essential property, which cites the example of a ball of wax that melts and changes shape but remains the same substance.","Dedicated to \"the deans and doctors of the faculty of sacred theology in Paris,\" its fourth section argues all that we perceive is true,","while the fifth section offers a \"new proof\" for the existence of God.","For 10 points, identify this essay which responded to the queries prompted by its author's previous piece, Discourse on Method, a work by Rene Descartes."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f768bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f768bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2cd555889601fd764b2d8620e255f5c40980eb7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f768bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.72],[4.84,9.88],[10.0,14.96],[15.08,22.2],[22.32,26.32],[26.44,32.08],[32.2,36.8]],"texts":["The fashion designer Ruth Harkness brought back the first live one of these animals to the United States.","The only two of these animals found in the Southern Hemisphere are at the Adelaide Zoo, with the female being named Funi.","The World Wildlife Fund helped set up the Wolong National Nature Reserve to protect these endangered animals.","A pair of musk oxen was sent to another country by the American President after the U.S. received two of these animals in 1972.","Its \"thumb\" was the subject of an essay collection by Stephen Jay Gould.","This animal, which mostly lives in mountain ranges in the Sichuan province, has a diet that is over ninety-nine percent bamboo.","For 10 points, name this bear native to China, which has black patches around its eyes."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f769bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f769bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9bff045c9dfb287767c04ffb214bae82406698c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f769bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.32],[4.44,9.88],[10.0,18.4],[18.52,23.16],[23.28,27.84],[27.96,34.32]],"texts":["The I-V curve of one of these devices shows a vertical jump named for Shapiro.","In one model of these devices, they are governed by a parameter theta that \"slides\" down a washboard potential.","Considering the phase angle of these devices as equivalent to the angle of displacement of a pendulum leads to an equation in which these devices are damped by the Stewart- McComber parameter.","Putting a pair of these devices in parallel creates a device used to measure very weak magnetic fields.","A constant of proportionality governing this effect is equal to one over the flux quantum.","For 10 points, name these devices that operate using a namesake effect in which Cooper pairs tunnel across a junction of superconductors."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bbb.json b/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2c1401700cd20bec5b4c1a2b8db2bea5732e709
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df7ca243aee49db2f76bbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.28],[4.4,12.72],[12.84,18.92],[19.04,25.12],[25.24,30.44],[30.56,35.48]],"texts":["During this event, crowds gathered around a set of stuffed kittens that were drinking tea.","According to The Illustrated London News, agriculturalists complained about a lack of air conditioning at this event; transportation to and from which was organized by Thomas Cook.","A building used during this event was given its name by \"Mrs Amelia Mouser,\" who was actually Douglas Jerrold.","That building was designed by Joseph Paxton and housed an exhibit on the Koh-i-Noor diamond as well as Hiram Powers The Greek Slave .","Henry Cole and Prince Albert organized this event, for which a large cast-iron and glass building was built.","For 10 points, the Crystal Palace was built for British fair that was held during the reign of Queen Victoria?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfbb.json b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfbb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9e8e0ab42958adcc52044dbe1ffc87efc9bbabd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,9.24],[9.36,15.88],[16.0,20.36],[20.48,27.16],[27.28,32.92]],"texts":["A contingent from Schwaz foiled the losers' attack plans in the first of these conflicts, which may have been intended as a preliminary assault to another campaign, three years later,","that was stopped at Koszeg.","In the second of these conflicts, Charles of Lorraine led a force to counter one side's raiding after his army retreated to Linz,","leaving Count von Starhemburg in charge of a small garrison fighting the forces of Kara Mustapha.","A discredited legend claims that the croissant was invented to honor Polish king John Sobieski's arrival that turned the tide in that second one.","For 10 points, name these 1529 and 1683 attacks by Turkish forces on an Austrian city."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e943865cb3c3f367494eb99da21f6e5fb4b82e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,11.24],[11.36,16.72],[16.84,22.84],[22.96,29.16],[29.28,34.24]],"texts":["In a Gustave Caillebotte painting named for one of these objects, a dog walks by a man who holds his head in his hands.","Silvano Vinceti claimed that the numbers two and seven were hidden in one of these objects in the background of the Mona Lisa.","The title fireworks show of James Whistler's Nocturne in Black and Gold takes place over one of these objects.","One of these objects named \"Maidenhead\" is thought to have inspired the one J.M.W. Turner painted in Rain, Steam and Speed.","A Japanese inspired structure of this type at Giverny was often painted alongside water lilies by Claude Monet.","For 10 points, name these structures which Canaletto often painted crossing the canals of Venice."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9da470f771d51036e9d47e60ebf49a6797fe2077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.2],[4.32,10.04],[10.16,20.32],[20.44,23.12],[23.24,31.4]],"texts":["One chapter in this work discusses how its subjects respond to offers of cigarettes.","Another chapter discusses Percival Lowell's study of a ritual called \"hardening oneself\" that involves bathing in freezing water.","Those chapters are \"Debtor to the Ages and the World\" and \"The Cirlce of Human Feelings.\" This work examines how the true feelings may not match the \"facade,\" or public behavior, of the subjects,","who are bound by a strong sense of duty called giri.","This work also distinguishes Western \"guilt culture\" from Eastern \"shame culture.\" For 10 points, name this study of the Patterns of Japanese Culture by Ruth Benedict."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2bb.opus b/tossups/bb/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2bb.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df83920c3a38102cd757bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df83920c3a38102cd757bb.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7dc555844e38650b4f704fc8d874bc6325ac62f2
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.36],[5.48,12.48],[12.6,18.56],[18.68,26.6],[26.72,32.04]],"texts":["The Troparion of this day sees an angel tell some \"myrrh-bearing women\" that myrrh is not good enough for Christ.","One event on this day saw a speech in which crying women were told to \"weep for yourselves and for your children,\" and that barren women would be blessed one day.","Events during it can be represented by the Via Dolorosa, which honors the actions of Saint Veronica and Simon of Cyrene.","This day immediately follows another holiday which contains the traditional washing of the feet and is given the adjective \"Maundy.\" For 10 points,","name this holiday which commemorates the day Jesus was crucified and takes place two days before Easter Sunday."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.76],[7.88,16.96],[17.08,22.76],[22.88,27.88],[28.0,37.2]],"texts":["During this man's time as Prime Minister, his enemies mocked him with the slogan \"Starve with Strachey and shiver with Shinwell,\" referring to some of his ministers.","His government tried a failed plan to cultivate peanuts in the so-called \"Tanganyika Groundnut Scheme.\" Near the end of this man's ministry, his Minister of Labour, Aneurin Bevan,","resigned in protest of an austerity budget set up by Chancellor of the Exchequer Hugh Gaitskell to fund war efforts.","During his ministry, he implemented William Beveridge's proposals by creating the National Health Service.","For 10 points, name this Prime Minister whose party claimed it could better rebuild postwar Britain than the Conservatives, allowing this man to defeat Winston Churchill in 1945."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378bb.json
new file mode 100644
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df8ab610329be735a33dbb.json b/tossups/bb/62df8ab610329be735a33dbb.json
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/bb/62df8ab610329be735a340bb.json b/tossups/bb/62df8ab610329be735a340bb.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,12.68],[12.8,20.52],[20.64,27.44],[27.56,32.36]],"texts":["One person currently serving in this position offered an amendment to the 2013 omnibus immigration bill allowing for undocumented immigrants to be employed only as domestic servants.","That person in this position is a cousin of Democrats Mark and Tom Udall.","The senior holder of this position has twice defeated Scott Howell for re-election, and the junior holder of this position won a primary against incumbent Bob Bennett in 2010.","The senior holder of this position alternated control of the Judiciary Committee several times with Patrick Leahy and has a side career as a songwriter.","For 10 points, name this office, currently held by Republicans Mike Lee and Orrin Hatch."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dbb.json b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dbb.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.44],[4.56,8.64],[8.76,14.56],[14.68,22.96],[23.08,33.0],[33.12,40.16],[40.28,46.16]],"texts":["A space that has this property locally will have it globally if it is paracompact and Hausdorff.","The weak topology on a normed infinite dimensional space does not possess this property.","Having a countably, locally finite basis is a necessary condition for having this property by the Nagata-Smirnov theorem.","A theorem named for this property is proven by invoking a lemma which states that normality is equivalent to disjoint closed subsets being separable by continuous functions.","That lemma is named for Pavel Urysohn and is used to show that a space being regular and countable is a sufficient criterion to have this property, a theorem that is also named for Pavel Urysohn.","A space has this property, if, for any pair of points, the namesake function doesn't violate the triangle inequality, is symmetric, and is non-negative.","For 10 points, name this property of spaces that allows one to define a function that returns a distance value."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ebb.json b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ebb.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.44],[9.56,17.0],[17.12,23.8],[23.92,28.8],[28.92,33.32],[33.44,39.0]],"texts":["During an attempt to end one of these events, a small village was mistakenly raided after a seance used a Ouija board to spell out the name \"Gradoli.\" As part of Operation Panzerfaust,","Otto Skorzeny orchestrated one of these events inspired by the carpet scene from Shaw's Caesar and Cleopatra, which targeted the son of Miklos Horthy.","86 letters were written to various politicians and Pope Paul VI during one of these events which caused the end of the Historic Compromise.","A third one was orchestrated by the Chenier Cell, prompting Trudeau to invoke the War Measures Act.","One of these events led to the execution of the leader of the Christian Democrats by Red Brigades.","For 10 points, name these events in which people like Pierre Laporte and Aldo Moro are taken and held for ransom."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fbb.json b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fbb.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fbb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,10.44],[10.56,20.04],[20.16,24.56],[24.68,30.92],[31.04,37.32],[37.44,41.32]],"texts":["As of 2002, this country is the largest user of a sodium fluoroacetate-derived pesticide called 1080.","The timber industry in this country was historically driven by logging of its kauri tree.","This country is home to the only living sphenodont, whose survival is threatened by the kiore rat and which has an unusually well-developed photoreceptive third eye, complete with lens and retina.","That lizard-like \"living fossil\" is named for the crested spine on its back.","This country, whose only native land mammals are bats, is home to the reptilian tuatara and an enormous insect called a weta.","The extinct Haast's eagle hunted the equally extinct moa in this country, whose human residents are outnumbered by sheep ten to one.","For 10 points, name this island nation, the home of the kiwi bird."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960bb.json b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960bb.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.52],[10.64,13.92],[14.04,21.44],[21.56,26.52],[26.64,33.2],[33.32,37.76]],"texts":["A speech given in this location stated that one of the maxims of a learned lawyer is \"the King can do no wrong.\" That speech was given before Judge Bradshaw and attempted to prevent a death warrant with 59 wax seals.","John Bellingham's most notable action took place in this location.","Lord Grey of Groby helped prevent enemies of the Grandees from entering this place by standing on the steps of its Saint Stephen's Chapel alongside Colonel Thomas Pride.","Spencer Perceval died while working in this complex, which suffered a massive fire in 1834.","A letter sent to Lord Monteagle helped foil a conspiracy led by Robert Catesby to destroy this building complex with explosives on the fifth of November.","For 10 points, name this target of the Gunpowder Plot and home to the British legislature."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961bb.json b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961bb.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/bb/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961bb.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,10.76],[10.88,17.56],[17.68,22.76],[22.88,27.52],[27.64,31.72]],"texts":["One character in this series has his superciliousness punctured by meeting the King of the Goblins.","One character uses magic to outsmart a pig and an elephant, and an omnipotent character in this series helps William at school.","The title character of another work is animated by Father Christmas, who himself is the uncle of another character in this series.","In one of the early books this series, the maladroit protagonist falls off a boat and is put to work in an orchard.","Two books in this series have not been published in English starring Monsieur Garchomp and Monsieur Non.","For 10 points name this series written by both the father and son of the Hargreaves family."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/c8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57c8.json b/tossups/c8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57c8.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,9.36],[9.48,17.72],[17.84,22.28],[22.4,25.36],[25.48,31.04]],"texts":["One battle in this war resulted in the occupation of Burntside House and the destruction of Darwin Primary School.","This war was compared by one author to \"Two bald men fighting over a comb\".","Constantino Davidoff is sometimes blamed for beginning this war, during which the \"Rejoice\" speech was given and Ascension Island was used as a forward base.","A rejected ultimatum by Leopoldo Galtieri led to a famous newspaper headline during this war.","That headline was \"Stick this up your junta\".","For ten points, name this war in which Prince Andrew flew bomber aircraft over its namesake island chain."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57c8.opus b/tossups/c8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57c8.opus
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new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,10.96],[11.08,13.6],[13.72,22.92],[23.04,29.16],[29.28,32.36],[32.48,38.88]],"texts":["The only known source of this material in all of Mesoamerica is along the Motagua River, which produces a \"blue\" variety of it.","A river named for the \"white\" form of this material historically supplied the town of Khotan.","Pacal the Great's mask is made of this material.","An object owned by King Zhao Mo of Nanyue made of this material was laced together with gold wires, representing a trend started in the Eastern Zhou and continued in the Han dynasty.","Chinese nobility were often buried in suits made of this material, whose appearance is imitated by celadon pottery.","This material also names a member of the Three Pure Ones.","For 10 points, name this stone associated with an emperor in Daoist cosmology, a stone that is valuable and green."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7c8.json b/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7c8.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.92],[9.04,15.04],[15.16,19.96],[20.08,24.96],[25.08,32.92],[33.04,37.68]],"texts":["One of these devices can be generated by rotating a partially magnetic, semi-metal crystal in a fixed B-field to drive anisotropy-dependent changes in magnetic entropy.","Photon-assisted electron tunneling through two NIS junctions drives the \"quantum circuit\" variety of the devices.","An inert gas passes through a porous regenerator in the idealized \"pulse tube\" type of these devices.","The power of another of these devices increases proportionally to the molar circulation rate of helium-3.","Q-sub-L divided by the compressor power gives the coefficient of performance for a perfectly reversible one of these devices, which can be created by reversing the Carnot cycle.","For 10 points, name this type of device whose household type is used to keep food cold."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebc8.json b/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebc8.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,12.68],[12.8,19.72],[19.84,27.2],[27.32,34.84],[34.96,42.08]],"texts":["In one lecture, this philosopher claimed that \"Self-realization is the ultimate fact of facts\" in relation to his idea of pure potential.","This philosopher's idea of \"extensive abstraction\" tried to re-introduce the concept of absolute positions to space.","This thinker rejected both Humean and Newtonian conceptions of science by advocating a radical empiricism of observable related subsystems.","One work by this philosopher furthers his ontology of \"the philosophy of organism\" which can help understand both nature and lifeless matter.","With one of his former students, this thinker wrote a work which developed a theory of types and tried to ground all of mathematics in axiomatic set theory.","For 10 points, name this author of Process and Reality who, with Bertrand Russell, wrote PrincipiaMathematica."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecc8.json b/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecc8.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.16],[9.28,19.68],[19.8,26.52],[26.64,33.72],[33.84,39.36],[39.48,44.12]],"texts":["Researchers at the Salk Institute discovered that two proteins on the membrane of this organelle numbered 153 and 93 interacted with super-enhancers to determine cell identity.","Mutations on the LMNA gene on this organelle's membrane, which encodes namesake A-type lamins, have been linked to the rare Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome.","In humans, muscle cells such as myocytes and syncytium can unusually develop multiple versions of this organelle during development.","This organelle is the site of a process where polyadenylation prevents a molecule from enzymatic degradation outside of this organelle.","This large organelle is expelled when an erythroblast becomes a reticulocyte and is also the site of transcription.","For 10 points, identify this organelle which contains the primary genetic information of the cell."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ec8.json b/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ec8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a2b4626ef2e9373c225e2e57751a2119c58c3980
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ec8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,12.92],[13.04,22.4],[22.52,30.56],[30.68,35.92],[36.04,42.48],[42.6,47.8]],"texts":["CAAX is a recognition motif for an enzyme that adds this type of molecule to Ras and other proteins.","The cyclization of these compounds involves enzymes with an \"aspartate-rich\" DXXDD motif that produce intermediates like bornyl diphosphate.","Biosynthesis of some of these compounds, such as artemesinin, takes place in specialized secretory structures like glandular trichomes, where a plastidial type of synthesis is employed.","Enzymes important in their production include DXR and HMGR, and these compounds are derived from two isomeric precursors, IPP and DMAPP,","which can be generated from either 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate or mevalonic acid.","Examples of this class of compounds include taxanes and giberellins, as well as squalene, testosterone, and other steroids.","For 10 points, name this class of organic molecules which are made of subunits of isoprene."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fc8.json b/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fc8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0d6e2f5306d9ce3e343778abaeb3fa1e92a53c3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,11.8],[11.92,17.56],[17.68,23.64],[23.76,29.24],[29.36,36.56],[36.68,46.16]],"texts":["The developer of this process also developed a method for generating straight-chain detergents with a platinum catalyst and was named James Roth.","Sunley and Watson developed a variation on this reaction that uses an alternative iridium-based catalyst.","It inspired a similar process which takes place under anhydrous conditions and is named after Tennessee Eastman.","The catalyst for this compound adopts a d8 configuration during its first step, an oxidative addition,","and subsequently participates a reductive elimination step after an insertion reaction involving carbon monoxide.","It supplanted the earlier Wacker and BASF methods and, unlike the Cativa process, uses homogeneous rhodium iodide as a catalyst.","For 10 points, name this commercial process in which carbon monoxide is combined catalytically with methanol to produce acetic acid, developed by the company that manufactures RoundUp."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e04080c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e04080c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88e9b7e353e069a777540c05224a073bf7b44049
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df3ddba2602b93e04080c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,18.92],[19.04,22.6],[22.72,34.64],[34.76,39.28]],"texts":["This poem notes that \"defenceless realms receive the sway\" of the \"bold Bavarian, in a luckless hour.\" Its speaker asks what exiled Hyde,","while one figure mentioned in this poem is a \"soul of fire\" who besieges \"Moscow's walls till Gothic standards fly.\" That \"Swedish Charles\" is referenced in this poem alongside Xerxes and the \"last sighs of Cardinal Wolsey.\" This poem,","which describes the \"toil, envy, and want\" of a scholar's life,","opens with the speaker expressing his desire to \"watch the busy scenes\" of lives from \"China to Peru.\" It was written in imitation of Juvenal's Tenth Satire and published after its author's piece \"London.\" For 10 points,","name this Samuel Johnson work exploring the pitfalls of people's aspirations to greatness."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df7ca243aee49db2f769c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df7ca243aee49db2f769c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a20f5102113a9b1d15b6c422d3d2e54044f12258
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df7ca243aee49db2f769c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,11.96],[12.08,19.0],[19.12,26.48],[26.6,31.24],[31.36,36.52]],"texts":["This man concluded the Treaty of Deogaon, which made British territory continuous between Calcutta and Madras.","This man was frequently consulted by government officials at his home at Apsley House, which thus became known as Number 1 London.","This man engaged in a duel with Sir Christopher Hatton, and he responded to the threat of the publication of the courtesan Harriette Wilson's memoirs with the retort,","\"Publish and be damned.\" Following William IV's pledge to create new peers, this man abstained from blocking the Reform Bill of 1832.","Earlier in his career, he led his troops to victory at the Battle of Salamanca during the Peninsular War.","For 10 points, name this British commander during the Battle of Waterloo who was nicknamed the \"Iron Duke.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df7ca243aee49db2f76ac8.json b/tossups/c8/62df7ca243aee49db2f76ac8.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df7ca243aee49db2f76ac8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,12.4],[12.52,20.32],[20.44,23.44],[23.56,28.12],[28.24,36.28]],"texts":["A generalization of this quantity that applies to liquid media is also named for Nikolay Umov.","When computing the divergence of the Maxwell stress tensor, this quantity appears divided by the square of the speed of light and represents the momentum density.","The original derivation of this quantity relies on taking the time derivative of the energy density and then using a theorem named for the namesake of this quantity,","which causes the negative divergence of this quantity to appear.","This quantity is found by taking the cross product of the E-field and the H-field.","For 10 points, name this vector quantity symbolized with a boldface S, which represents the flux of electromagnetic energy, and \"points\" in the direction of propagation."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfc8.json b/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfc8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c8135c90fa3d25b67790563cb1708663a49fad12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,13.32],[13.44,18.72],[18.84,24.24],[24.36,30.68],[30.8,35.08]],"texts":["A Burgundian force under Geoffroy de Thoisy helped fend off a 1444 Mamluk siege of this city.","Bayezid II paid a bribe to have his brother Cem imprisoned in this city by Pierre d'Aubusson, who had earlier defended it from a 1480 Ottoman Siege.","After being expelled from Jerusalem in the 14th century, the Knights of Saint John made this their base,","although were forced to find a new home after it was sacked in 1522 by Suleiman the Magnificent.","In ancient times, its harbor was home to a wonder of the ancient world which was destroyed in a 226 BCE earthquake.","For 10 points, name this Greek island city which was home to an ancient \"colossus.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19d3ce14bcb85fd150452428f921de730f9f2525
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.68],[8.8,13.88],[14.0,20.2],[20.32,28.24],[28.36,33.68],[33.8,40.08],[40.2,42.92],[43.04,48.24]],"texts":["One tumor of this tissue is caused by an EWS to FLI1 translocation and presents with an onion skin appearance, and tumors of this tissue often create Codman triangles.","Mutations in the src kinase in mice results in abnormally high density of this tissue.","Besides Ewing's sarcoma, this tissue is usually destroyed heavily in multiple myeloma, creating \"punch-out\" lesions.","The cells that break down this tissue rest in Howship's Lacunae, and Volkmann's canals run transversely through this tissue, perpendicularly to Haversian canals.","This tissue contains large amounts of hydroxyapatite, and parathyroid hormone causes its resorption.","It comes in cortical or compact and cancellous or spongy varieties, and its cells are known as osteocytes.","This tissue becomes porous in osteoporosis.","For 10 points, name this white, hard, calcium-containing tissue that composes the skeletal system."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..51fcf1b64843f4dfdd396b0f0e7db6712425847f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,9.64],[9.76,15.52],[15.64,20.12],[20.24,27.44],[27.56,35.4]],"texts":["In this novel, the central female character is forbidden from asking Oscar Wilde to sign her gazelle-skin glove.","The central male character in this novel confesses to having an affair with Barbara Lynch.","Another male character learns the violin from the German Lotario Thugut, which he attempts to use to win back his former lover.","At the beginning of this work, we learn how one of the main characters fell to his death chasing his pet parrot.","At the end of this work, Florentino Ariza and Fermina Daza make love aboard a river boat and convince the captain the wave a yellow flag at port.","For 10 points, name this Gabriel Garcia Marquez novel that includes the character Juvenal Urbino, a doctor who hopes to eradicate the title disease."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df83920c3a38102cd757c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df83920c3a38102cd757c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0eb0647cc651d50b2b11430e2db41087b8d9fa96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df83920c3a38102cd757c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.32],[6.44,14.56],[14.68,23.44],[23.56,28.48],[28.6,33.76]],"texts":["The protagonist of this novel becomes impoverished after Macalister unwisely convinces him to invest in a South African mine during the Boer War.","A female character in this novel gives birth to the baby of Emil Miller and cheats on the protagonist with Harry Griffiths before destroying the protagonist's possessions in a fit of rage.","Its protagonist studies art with Frederick Lawson in Paris, and studies to become a doctor at Saint Luke's Hospital, where he meets the father of his future wife Sally, Thorpe Athelney.","The second half of this novel describes the protagonist's destructive relationship with the waitress Mildred Pierce.","For 10 points, name this novel about the club-footed Philip Carey, written by William Somerset Maugham."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df83920c3a38102cd758c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df83920c3a38102cd758c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95bdd7757aa14c6d31b4405671b22ada0bbe571b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df83920c3a38102cd758c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.32],[4.44,11.16],[11.28,17.72],[17.84,23.32],[23.44,27.88],[28.0,34.2]],"texts":["As a test, this character orders his wife to attempt to seduce the rider of Gringolet.","This character respectively receives one, two, and three kisses in exchange for venison, a boar's head, and the skin of a fox.","He draws blood from another character because of that character's possession of a magic girdle, before revealing that he is the host of Castle Hautdesert.","At the beginning of the poem he appears in, he picks up his head and rides away after being decapitated by an axe.","He reveals that he is Sir Bertilak after playing a beheading game with a member of the Round Table.","For 10 points, identify this distinctively colored character from a medieval English poem named for this character and Sir Gawain."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..56019598a86abd301af9504630878d54c35715b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.08],[4.2,10.08],[10.2,15.72],[15.84,21.28],[21.4,28.32],[28.44,34.16]],"texts":["This man is humiliated by a bartender when he tries to seduce Belle Carpenter.","A doctor rushes to tell this man that \"the world is Christ and they are all crucified\" when the doctor fears he is to be lynched.","He decides to fall in love with the banker's daughter to help him write a story, angering his friend Seth Richmond.","He worries he \"missed something\" his former schoolteacher was trying to tell him after she first embraces and then flees from him.","A student of Kate Swift, this man has a mother who is loved by Doctor Reefy, who writes down thoughts on bits of paper he stuffs in his pockets.","For 10 points, name this reporter for the Winesburg Eagle, who leaves his Ohio hometown in a Sherwood Anderson work."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379c8.json b/tossups/c8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a90de8472873c9d0b643ea4e9b5bfcf52787b9e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.48],[5.6,11.92],[12.04,18.8],[18.92,27.68],[27.8,32.12],[32.24,36.52]],"texts":["Delis in this city are known for a codfish patty usually served with mustard between two saltines.","In this city, Isaac Emerson copied Florence's Palazzo Vecchio, but moved the clock face up, to design a tower owned by Bromo-Seltzer.","I.M Pei designed a pentagonal, 405-foot World Trade Center for this city, whose neighborhoods include Locust Point and Fells Point.","Suburbs of this city include the largely-Jewish Pikesville and Towson, and it was the eastern terminus of an early railroad out to the Ohio River, which was partly named for it.","This city recently renovated its Inner Harbor, and it's home to the Pimlico race course.","For 10 points, name this city once guarded by Fort McHenry, the largest in Maryland."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df8ab610329be735a33dc8.json b/tossups/c8/62df8ab610329be735a33dc8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77536fe63782eaeb81a311109fce9d3436461c27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df8ab610329be735a33dc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,14.16],[14.28,18.68],[18.8,23.12],[23.24,30.92],[31.04,35.12]],"texts":["One of the highest points in this city, Sparrow Hills, is located near the Luzhniki Stadium.","The main building of the state university in this city, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, are part of a complex known as the \"Seven Sisters\" built from 1947 to 1953.","During a modernization period, it demolished such landmarks as the Sukharev Tower.","It is home to an amusement park that once displayed mock-ups from the Buran space shuttle program.","This city's Cathedral of Christ the Saviour is the tallest Orthodox Christian church in the world, although the onion-domed Saint Basil's Cathedral is also found here.","For 10 points, name this city, the site of Red Square and the Kremlin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62df8ab610329be735a33ec8.json b/tossups/c8/62df8ab610329be735a33ec8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f592ef0c12ef1bfb3770e76af37f78a7890a74ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62df8ab610329be735a33ec8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,8.6],[8.72,18.16],[18.28,25.16],[25.28,31.16],[31.28,36.52]],"texts":["This man earned his medical degree after writing an essay on curing a friend of gonorrhea.","This man's political works include one addressed to British voters, Chains of Slavery,","and his \"Plan of Criminal Legislation.\" He wrote the newspaper L'Ami du Peuple and was eulogized as a man who \"hated kings, nobles, priests,\" and rogues by the Marquis de Sade.","Shortly after he wrote his \"Denunciation of Jacques Necker,\" this man hid in Paris's sewers, aggravating his chronic skin disease.","This man's killer said \"I killed one man to save 100,000,\" used a kitchen knife, and was a Girondin sympathizer.","For 10 points, name this radical of the French Revolution who was killed in his bathtub by Charlotte Corday."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956c8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f32b3677bdbc18da6c00e57cd59109adb960d777
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.6],[8.72,17.44],[17.56,26.72],[26.84,29.28],[29.4,37.0],[37.12,44.8],[44.92,48.64],[48.76,55.68]],"texts":["A Lawrence Shapiro article titled afer this concept considers the example of a pair of corkscrews and compares the causal contribution of their material versus their color.","David Lewis argued that this idea is not inconsistent with its opposite if it is made domain specifc, using the example of a lottery having diferent winning numbers in diferent weeks.","Arguments against this idea include the \"denying projectability\" reply, which uses the example of jade, and one which notes that this idea allows local structure-specifc bridge laws;","those replies were formulated by Jaegwon Kim.","This idea was generalized to occur within a single token system by Jerry Fodor, who used it to show that the special sciences cannot be reduced to physics.","This idea was introduced in a series of papers attacking the identity thesis by Hilary Putnam, who considered the fact that many diferent kinds of animals feel pain,","and is generally conceived of as a challenge to psychophysical reductionism.","For 10 points, name this thesis from the philosophy of mind, which states that a single mental kind can have more than one physical instantiation."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957c8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1b58ac78b6e111fbc754e9776f3107ee27525e69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.84],[9.96,18.52],[18.64,26.56],[26.68,33.56],[33.68,41.96],[42.08,45.64],[45.76,51.08],[51.2,57.4]],"texts":["This poem's author described it as \"stories of times gone by\" in a dedication to \"beauties,\" who he hoped would sometimes sneak a glance at his \"sinful songs.\" Switching to the frst person,","this poem's writer describes seeing a hawk make of with a hen, before describing how one of the title characters is approached by three women who dress her and place a necklace of pearls on her.","This poem's famous preface describes an oak tree near a \"curved shore,\" that is encircled by a gold chain, on which a \"wise cat\" walks lef and right, telling stories.","In this poem, Rogdai almost kills Farlaf before recognizing him afer Farlaf falls into a ditch, from which he's rescued by a sorceress.","Farlaf later stabs this poem's hero afer he discovers him sleeping at the feet of the second title character, but that hero is resurrected with the help of the magician Finn,","and gallops to Kiev to awaken his lover with the help of a magic ring.","Its plot is set in motion when the evil magician Chernomor abducts Vladimir's daughter from a feast.","For 10 points, identify this long poem about the title bogatyr and princess, written by Alexander Pushkin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958c8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6f98d70f87eccb9bb8e07773b64d6c89049676e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.48],[8.6,16.28],[16.4,24.08],[24.2,31.36],[31.48,38.84],[38.96,44.4]],"texts":["According to Daniel Katz, these entities have four functions which he refers to as ego-expressive, ego-defensive, adaptive, and providing-knowledge.","The way in which these entities form and the process by which they change was described by Richard Petty and John Cacioppo, in the Elaboration Likelihood Model.","That model suggests that stable examples of these things are formed by the central route, whereas impermanent ones result from the peripheral route of elaboration.","Richard LaPiere drove across the country with a Chinese couple visiting hotels and restaurants in order to observe how the actions of people contrasted with these constructs.","The ABC model of them holds that they contain afective, behavioral, and cognitive com-ponents, and they can be changed by the process of persuasion.","For 10 points, give this psychological term which refers to the beliefs that people have about some object."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959c8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5e384ea5a957156da21a593b3ca6cb84c472914f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,10.2],[10.32,14.76],[14.88,23.84],[23.96,32.28],[32.4,39.28],[39.4,43.8]],"texts":["This character is forced to learn how to whistle to attract bullfnches that live in the bedroom of an eccentric blind woman,","who requests that fowls named Phena and Strut are brought to her chambers for daily inspections.","In a famous scene this character stumbles on a fock of injured pheasants and breaks all their necks.","When her husband returns from Brazil he fnds her staying at a fashionable lodging called \"The Herons,\" and earlier the family horse Prince was impaled by the mail carriage when she fell asleep at the helm.","A fag indicating her execution is raised at the end of the novel while her sister Liza-Lu watches, and earlier she recited the wrong passage while baptizing her child Sorrow.","This character works as a dairymaid at Talbothays Dairy where she meets the husband who abandons her on their wedding night when she reveals she was raped by Alec.","For 10 points, name this title character of a Thomas Hardy novel who loves Angel Clare."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ac8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ac8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2f297ddcae9bbf2464a6303695969d9e5e10555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ac8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,11.32],[11.44,17.88],[18.0,24.88],[25.0,31.88],[32.0,36.44],[36.56,43.44],[43.56,49.32]],"texts":["Early in his career, this politician resided in Norway with his wife, the socialite Carlota Thorkildsen, and lived on a remote island in Oslo fjord,","which is described in his memoirs told to Leo Lania.","While serving as chair of the Independent Com-mission on International Development Issues, he released a report titled \"North-South:","A Programme for Survival\" in which he proposed that a line could be drawn at roughly 30 degrees North latitude to separate rich and poor nations.","Jerzy Buzek unveiled a monument honoring this man's \"Kniefall von Warschau,\" in which he knelt down at a monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.","This politician recognized his country's eastern border at the Oder-Neisse line.","After it was revealed that his personal aide Gunter Guillaume had been an East German spy, this man retired and was replaced by Helmut Schmidt.","For 10 points, name this this socialist West German chancellor, known for implementing the policy of Ostpolitik."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bc8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bc8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c1b4dc03ff6079f4323045b17d63201b91276a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,11.2],[11.32,17.96],[18.08,25.6],[25.72,34.76],[34.88,41.72],[41.84,47.84]],"texts":["These compounds can be produced from alkynes and nitrones using a copper catalyst in the Kinugasa reaction.","One of these compounds reacts with an alcohol in the tail addition step of the Nicolau total synthesis of Taxol.","These compounds can be produced from ketenes in the Staudinger synthesis, and one example of them was first synthesized by John C. Sheehan.","A class of enzymes which breaks down one type of these compounds can be inhibited by clavulanate and is exemplified by NDM-1, which is named after New Delhi.","These compounds can be synthesized from oximes via an acid-catalyzed Beckmann rearrangement or from hydrazoic acid and a cyclic ketone via a Schmidt reaction.","Drugs derived from these compounds include carbapenems and cephalosporins, which work by inhibiting peptidoglycan synthesis.","For 10 points, identify these cyclic amides whose \"beta\" variety names a class of antibiotics that includes penicillin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cc8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cc8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f12ece76a1e2b48e01aeb2d22441ac41bc8163b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.64],[7.76,10.36],[10.48,18.32],[18.44,20.8],[20.92,27.8],[27.92,34.68],[34.8,42.88]],"texts":["This man, who was originally a deacon in the German town of Wesel, met his death in a hurricane on a merchant ship called the Flying Stag off the coast of Saint Christopher,","while exchanging liquor for tobacco in the West Indies.","His frequent quarrels with the clergyman Johan Michaelius, and other misdeeds, caused him to be dismissed from one post in favor of the drunkard Walter von Twiller,","who was in turn quickly replaced by Willem Kieft.","This man was then financed by Samuel Blommaert to sail aboard the Kalmar Nyckel, which he landed at a tributary called the Minquas Kill.","At that spot, this former director-general of the New Netherlands set up Fort Christina, which was designed as a base for beaver trading with the Lenape.","For 10 points, name this man who started the Swedish colony at Delaware, and allegedly used twenty-four bucks worth of glass beads to buy the island of Manhattan."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dc8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dc8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..118cc79a4d95ae15270053d09ffc1533efa4525e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dc8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.6],[7.72,17.04],[17.16,24.36],[24.48,28.76],[28.88,33.44],[33.56,37.96],[38.08,43.88],[44.0,50.36]],"texts":["An artist born in this country created the ephemeral installation Intensities and Surfaces, in which slabs of ice surrounding a core of rock salt were left to melt.","An art exhibit in this country featured a duo's The Rape of Creativity, in which Goya's The Disasters of War was defaced with insertions of Nazis, zombies and Ronald McDonalds.","Those artists, Anya Gallaccio and the Chapman brothers, were part of an art movement in this country that began with the exhibition Freeze,","whose organizer created \"spot paintings\" by directly painting on gymnasium walls.","This country was the setting of Break Down, in which Michael Landy destroyed all of his possessions.","The businessman Charles Saatchi patronizes a group of artists working in this country,","including the creator of the tent Everyone I have Ever Slept With and the creator of an artwork featuring a preserved shark.","Tracy Emin and Damien Hirst are members of, for 10 points, what country's YBA movement, which sometimes exhibits in the Tate?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ec8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ec8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b2b8018efe027666c067073ed0415282fe6f1149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ec8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,0.96],[1.08,16.12],[16.24,25.28],[25.4,32.6],[32.72,38.92]],"texts":["In this story,","an old professor who has had too much to drink says that the title character \"is already qualified to fill a professor's chair,\" though he declines to share \"other absurd rumors.\" The title character of this story has a voice as \"rich as a tropical sunset,\" which causes the protagonist to \"think of deep hues of purple or crimson,","and of perfumes heavily delectable.\" This story's narrator watches a drop of dew that falls and kills a lizard near a shrub bearing a \"profusion of purple blossoms.\" Eventually,","Professor Baglioni convinces Giovanni to give the title Padua resident a cup of medicine to counteract her father's experimentation, but it kills her.","For 10 points, name this short story by Nathaniel Hawthorne about Beatrice, who becomes as poisonous as the plants she tends."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962c8.json b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962c8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ee962d77ce1680a6a1e09035db713d22948c70eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962c8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,13.48],[13.6,21.32],[21.44,24.64]],"texts":["In a novel by this author, two characters fail to employ their learning and thus grow melons that taste like pumpkins.","In another novel by this author the title character flings her bridal bouquet into a fire and repeatedly fails to pay back loans she has taken out from Monsieur Lheureux.","This author of the unfinished Bouvard and Pecuchet wrote a work in which a clubfoot operation is botched by the title character's husband, Charles.","For 10 points, name this author of Madame Bovary."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/c8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962c8.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/d1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ed1.json b/tossups/d1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ed1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bc508e0a388889fd7c5d1606d77ff0658db0d27a
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.88],[4.0,16.36],[16.48,23.2],[23.32,30.92],[31.04,35.2]],"texts":["This play's author disliked the fact that audiences sympathized with its protagonist,","so he told Helene Weigel to play the role coldly in a performance where she made a \"silent scream.\" Tony Kushner's translation of this play was used in a 2006 revival in which Meryl Streep played a woman who sings the \"Song of the Great Capitulation.\" In this play,","a speech extolling the freedom that the Swedish king brings is given by The Cook, and a mute girl dies beating a drum to warn of a Catholic regiment.","In this \"epic theater\" play, a woman traveling in a covered wagon sells goods to soldiers in the Thirty Years' War while losing Katrin, Eilif, and Swiss Cheese.","For 10 points, Anna Fierling is the title brave woman of what Bertolt Brecht play?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57d1.json b/tossups/d1/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57d1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..471378d19e87f64f38a8e2ce5c625c5b36e68059
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,11.68],[11.8,15.68],[15.8,23.84],[23.96,32.36]],"texts":["One member of this organization, Frankie Yale, was so named because he owned the Harvard Bar and Grill.","Precursors of this group included the Dead Rabbits, and a famous member of this group supplied the US Navy with intelligence for Operation Huskie.","This group fought a \"war\" named for a village whose natives attempted to take it over.","This group has been regulated in the United States since the 1930s by \"The Commission\", and branches of it include the Unione Corse and the 'Ndrangheta.","For ten points, name this loosely-organized American crime group that fought the Castellamarese war, whose members included John Gotti, Charles Luciano, and Alphonse Capone."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6d1.json b/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6d1.json
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7d1.json b/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7d1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.68],[9.8,19.84],[19.96,26.84],[26.96,31.4],[31.52,38.08],[38.2,44.0]],"texts":["A slow theme in the finale of one of this composer's symphonies begins \"Long F - E - F - low A flat - high F - E flat.\" In that symphony by this composer,","offstage trumpets interrupt the first movement's melody with a triple-p fanfare beginning on A and E. One symphony by this composer opens with strings droning an A over 7 octaves.","Incidental music for the poem The Trumpeter of Sacklingen was the basis for the rejected Blumine second movement of this composer's first symphony.","That symphony by this composer includes a round based on \"Frere Jacques\" in a minor key.","The two parts of this composer's 8th symphony are based on the hymn \"Veni, Creator Spiritus\" and Geothe's Faust respectively.","For 10 points, identify this late-romantic Austrian composer of the Titan Symphony and the Symphony of a Thousand."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8d1.json b/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8d1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.96],[4.08,10.48],[10.6,16.76],[16.88,22.52],[22.64,27.96],[28.08,36.44],[36.56,41.56]],"texts":["Note to players: give either the group of instruments or the name of the ensemble.","After recording a work for this ensemble and orchestra, Karajan eschewed a final take in favor of a photograph with the soloists.","That work for this ensemble and orchestra was premiered at the Vienna \"Augarten\" concerts and ends with a Rondo alla Polacca finale.","The largo second movement of a piece for this ensemble may have been based on a \"Witches' Chorus\" for the unfinished opera Macbeth.","The lengthy tremolos and chromaticism of that piece for this ensemble led Czerny to coin its spooky nickname.","These instruments are the soloists in Beethoven's only concerto for multiple soloists, and Beethoven composed works nicknamed Ghost and Archduke for this group of instruments.","For 10 points, Beethoven's Triple Concerto was written for what group of instruments that comprise a piano trio?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecd1.json b/tossups/d1/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecd1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.32],[8.44,15.32],[15.44,21.64],[21.76,29.68],[29.8,34.76],[34.88,40.92],[41.04,47.72]],"texts":["This opera's fourth scene ends with music transitioning from the keys of D flat and B flat to the keys of A and E to mark two characters' decision to go to a fair.","Church bells toll and an organ plays during a sequence in this opera set in front of a church, depicting the dream its main characters are simultaneously having.","This opera closes with a passionate duet in which the protagonists sing \"See the moonbeams kiss the woods\".","Thomas Beecham, who conducted the premiere of this opera, was the first to separately perform an orchestral interlude from it named for an inn where the protagonists wish to dance all night.","At the end of this opera, its two main characters scuttle the hay barge they are on and drown together.","\"The Walk to the Paradise Garden\" plays in this opera before one of several meetings between Sali and Vreli and the Dark Fiddler.","For 10 points, name this operatic adaptation of a Gottfried Keller short story, with music composed by Frederick Delius."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,6.96],[7.08,17.2],[17.32,24.44],[24.56,31.16],[31.28,39.96],[40.08,45.16]],"texts":["In the Thebaid, Statius writes that Eteocles possessed one of these objects on which he had flung numerous limbs.","In the Heroides,","Ariadne states that she \"bedewed\" one of these objects with \"pouring tears\" and calls a \"faithless\" one of these objects the \"greater part of my being.\" After telling a story about one of these man-made objects,","a character states that he must eventually venture out to ensure his own peaceful death by sacrificing a ram, a bull, and a boar and planting an oar.","A man who kept one of these items in his stronghold on Mount Korydallos was the last bandit killed on Theseus's journey to Athens.","In the Odyssey,Eurycleia is asked to move one of these objects, which leads Odysseus to prove his identity to Penelope by telling her a story about how he built it out of a still-living tree.","For 10 points, Procrustes forcibly shortened or lengthened his victims so they fit onto what objects?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fd1.json b/tossups/d1/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fd1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,17.0],[17.12,20.44],[20.56,25.64],[25.76,32.52],[32.64,40.56]],"texts":["In dispersive media, this man's namesake theorem involves a term proportional to the imaginary part of permittivity times the square of electric field, accounting for absorptive dissipation.","Without dissipation, his theorem states that the partial time derivative of energy density, plus J dot E, equals minus the divergence of his vector.","This expresses conservation of energy in electrodynamics.","The Abraham-Minkowski debate is the question of how to generalize his vector to fields in materials.","For a plane wave, his vector points in the direction of propagation and has a magnitude of epsilon-nought times the electric field squared.","For 10 points, who is this English physicist whose namesake vector gives the energy flux transported by an electromagnetic field, proportional to E cross B?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62df3ddba2602b93e04080d1.json b/tossups/d1/62df3ddba2602b93e04080d1.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.32],[7.44,10.88],[11.0,17.84],[17.96,24.12],[24.24,30.12],[30.24,35.64],[35.76,42.48]],"texts":["Henry Ossawa Tanner's 1923 version is done in blues and whites and adds a ghost-like figure with a lantern accompanying the usual group.","Jean Francois Millet's version is an etching as is Rembrandt's.","Oil on coppered silver and an oval frame characterize Adam Elsheimer's main version, which shows the central female in a pink top and blue skirt.","Joachim Patinir, unlike in more famous versions, depicted the accompanying stories dealing with corn and statues.","Caravaggio added an angel to the usual three figures and, like Poussin, portrayed them taking a rest.","The most famous version has the mule between the two adults and is considered the masterwork of Annibale Caracci.","For 10 points, name this Biblical scene of Joseph, Mary, and the baby Jesus escaping to the titular place."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62df3ddba2602b93e04081d1.json b/tossups/d1/62df3ddba2602b93e04081d1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.28],[9.4,13.28],[13.4,22.2],[22.32,29.0],[29.12,36.68]],"texts":["Among the most exotic in this series was the one featuring a \"Potentate\" and a \"Kris,\" a kind of sword, and among the most humorous was the depiction of Zeuxis, an ancient Greek painter.","One of them is an interpretation of Saint Paul and at least two feature a gorget.","Some of them were initially given the title of conterfeycel, but not the late ones such as the penultimate, which utilized a doublet featured in the works of Dirk Bouts and Rogier van der Weyden.","They include thirty-two etchings and number at least ninety-nine but only two of them feature Saskia, the artist's wife.","Spanning a forty-year period between 1629 and 1669, For 10 points, name this series of depictions of the artist of The Night Watch."]}
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new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.48],[5.6,13.04],[13.16,19.56],[19.68,23.84],[23.96,31.4],[31.52,37.52]],"texts":["In a speech, this politician claimed that \"self-reliance and teamwork are not opposing virtues;","we must have both.\" This man quoted Ronald Reagan by saying \"there they go again\" in a speech outlining Republican waste and budget slashing.","He was mocked for giving an overly long nomination speech for Michael Dukakis at the 1988 Democratic National Convention.","He proclaimed \"the era of big government is over\" in a State of the Union speech,","and he cheerfully proclaimed \"we're going to keep President Obama on the job\" during a well received 2012 Democratic National Convention speech.","For 10 points, name this man who defeated George H.W. Bush to win the 1992 presidential election."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,9.64],[9.76,14.84],[14.96,22.4],[22.52,25.56],[25.68,30.8]],"texts":["In 2010, this country opened the Monument of African Renaissance,","which was built by North Korean laborers and which this country's president claimed a thirty-five percent commission on because it was his idea.","With its smaller neighbor, this country is the site of over 1,000 stone circles used to mark burial mounds.","Locations in this country that played an important role in the slave trade include Saint-Louis and the site of the Maison des Esclaves, the island of Goree.","The Gambia is almost entirely surrounded by this country.","For 10 points, name this country, home to the westernmost point in Africa and the city of Dakar."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,16.56],[16.68,22.08],[22.2,30.32]],"texts":["In a charge-transfer complex, the energy of a transition is proportional to the difference between the optical value of this quantity for the metal and the ligand.","Electrons distribute themselves to equalize this quantity according to Sandersen, while a y-intercept of .744 appears in the equation for the Allred-Rochow scale of it.","Common methods of measuring this quantity include the mean of the first ionization energy and the electron affinity.","For 10 points, name this quantity which is high for fluorine and has scales named for Mulliken and Pauling, the tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward it in a covalent bond."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,11.36],[11.48,16.28],[16.4,24.56],[24.68,30.24],[30.36,37.8]],"texts":["The son of this structure's architect used a similar style to design the John Sowden House.","Two long wings connect via breezeways to the central part of this structure, whose roofs are designed to look like pyramids.","Oya stone was used in this building's construction to amplify the effect of the Maya Revival Style.","When it was demolished in 1968 due to its sinking foundation, its facade and reflecting pool were moved to a museum nearly 250 miles away.","Its copper roof, cantilevered floors, and suspended piping allowed it to survive a great disaster in 1923.","For 10 points, name this structure that withstood the Great Kanto Earthquake, a lodging for travelers designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and located in Tokyo."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379d1.json b/tossups/d1/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379d1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.6],[5.72,11.24],[11.36,16.2],[16.32,25.48],[25.6,30.64],[30.76,34.92]],"texts":["One theory describing this phenomenon predicts an intensity distribution proportional to the square of the sinc function.","The pattern produced by this effect is the same as that produced by the complementary body according to Babinet's principle.","The first zero of the sinc function helps define a limit by which a system is limited by this phenomenon.","One version of this phenomenon produces a feature of angular size approximately equal to 1.22 times lambda over D, called the Airy disk; that version occurs through a circular aperture.","Huygens principle is often used to study this phenomenon, which occurs when light shines through an opening of any kind.","For 10 points, name this phenomenon in which a wave bends around an object."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62df8ab610329be735a33ed1.json b/tossups/d1/62df8ab610329be735a33ed1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.2],[7.32,15.6],[15.72,21.84],[21.96,28.92]],"texts":["This philosopher created an externalist definition of knowledge that defines a justified belief as one that someone would not believe if it were not true,","which he called \"tracking the truth.\" This philosopher explained how people could willingly assent to the coalescing of \"protective associations\" in the absence of a state.","His most famous book includes a thought experiment claiming that charging to see Wilt Chamberlain play basketball is not unjust.","For 10 points, name this Harvard-based political philosopher who responded to John Rawls' A Theory of Justice in Anarchy, State, and Utopia."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62df8ab610329be735a33fd1.json b/tossups/d1/62df8ab610329be735a33fd1.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.32],[7.44,17.48],[17.6,22.36],[22.48,26.52],[26.64,30.48],[30.6,35.56]],"texts":["William Laughead wrote about this man and named one of his companions in a series of Red River Pamphlets, one of which claimed he was from Westwood, California.","The earliest printed story about this man was published by James MacGillivray in the Detroit News-Tribune under the title \"The Round River Drive.\" Stories about this man may have spread as early as the Papineau Rebellion.","This man found a creature during the Winter of the Blue Snow for which he created five watering holes.","This man's clerk, Johnny Inkslinger, invented bookkeeping and the fountain pen.","This man has been credited with creating the Grand Canyon and the Great Lakes.","For 10 points, name this figure from American folklore who worked as a lumberjack with Babe the Blue Ox."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956d1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956d1.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.64],[7.76,14.16],[14.28,24.08],[24.2,30.96],[31.08,36.2],[36.32,45.44],[45.56,52.32]],"texts":["Tian and Wells developed an algorithm that combines bit-plane reduction with arithmetic compression to implement a diference-reduction method for these mathematical objects.","The \"tree-adapted shrinkage\" algorithm uses these objects to im-plement a denoising procedure that is superior to Wiener flters.","The JPEG 2000 algorithm uses the CDF 9/7 and the CDF 5/3 methods named afer these objects to implement either lossy or lossless compression, respectively.","A family of these objects that is optimal in the sense that they have the minimal support for a given number of vanishing moments was developed by Ingrid Daubechies,","improving on a previous construction of these objects and their associated transforms by Alfred Haar.","These mathematical objects are useful in multiresolution signal analysis and like Fourier series allow the decomposition of square integrable functions into orthonormal components.","For 10 points, identify these mathematical functions, which can be thought of as localized vibrations of fnite duration or extent."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957d1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957d1.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.6],[8.72,14.16],[14.28,19.64],[19.76,24.28],[24.4,28.04],[28.16,35.96],[36.08,46.12],[46.24,51.2]],"texts":["This boy's mother settled a dispute arising from a contest between two of his uncles to see who could shoot an arrow through a gold ring, by ofering to tie the ring around this kid's neck;","that expert political maneuver got Isander and Hip-polochus to resign their claims to the kingdom to this man.","The North Wind revived him from unconsciousness brought about by a thigh wound he sustained while killing Tlepolemus.","This man's corpse was whisked away by Hypnos and Thanatos afer being rescued by Apollo.","This man took Hector to task for efusively praising his relatives,","who \"cowered like hounds before a lion.\" This man later helped Hector out by leading a diversionary attack on the Greek battlements with Asteropaios and his cousin Glaucus.","Zeus sent a shower of blood as an omen of the death of this man, his son, afer conceding to Hera that it would be imprudent to save his life in a battle against Achilles's companion For 10 points,","name this son of Laodamia, the King of Lycia, who gets killed by Patroclus in the Iliad."]}
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959d1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959d1.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ad1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ad1.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,13.48],[13.6,25.48],[25.6,30.72],[30.84,40.2],[40.32,48.44]],"texts":["The protagonist of this work stays overnight at Thomas Hardy's house during a bicycling trip and gives Hardy advice on dealing with autograph seekers.","Its protagonist recalls how the daughter of his headmaster tried to find out what male genitals looked like by staring down his shirtfront,","and explains his claim that romance at preparatory school is \"necessarily homosexual\" by describing his escapades with his pseudonymous friend \"Dick.\" The epilogue to this book makes the first mention of the protagonist's longstanding mistress,","who accompanied him and his wife Nancy when he became an English teacher at the University of Cairo.","Ending with a \"Dedicatory Epilogue\" to Laura Riding, this book describes its author's correspondence with Siegfried Sassoon, and relates how his lung was punctured during the Battle of the Somme.","For 10 points, name this memoir that includes detailed descriptions of its author's service in the Royal Welch Fusiliers during World War I, written by Robert Graves."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bd1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bd1.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bd1.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cd1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cd1.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..45f370e3142e86ff9c026ee29fe01618aa3ca474
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.76],[6.88,16.72],[16.84,19.96],[20.08,30.4],[30.52,39.52],[39.64,44.52]],"texts":["In the 1920's, this author took a hiatus and produced an incredibly researched 1000-page biography of John Keats.","This poet, who used many \"unrhymed cadences,\" penned a series of poems inspired by the Far East termed \"Chinoiseries,\" which can be found in the collection Pictures from the Floating World.","In a poem from the collection Men, Women and Ghosts,","this poet observed \"I walk down the garden paths and all the daffodils are blowing.\" That poem includes a scene in which the speaker learns that Lord Hartwell died in action on Thursday and concludes by exclaiming \"Christ!","What are the title things for?\"She repeats the lines \"false blue, white, purple/\" to describe the title flowers of her poem \"Lilacs.\" For 10 points, identify this author of What's O'Clock,","\"Patterns\" and A Dome of Many Colored Glass, who wrote poetry in the Imagist style."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962d1.json b/tossups/d1/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962d1.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.92],[9.04,17.72],[17.84,19.92],[20.04,26.16],[26.28,29.0]],"texts":["This passage mentions the protector of both world using the dual form Alimeen, and later goes on to talk about the straight path, which is described using a cognate of the Latin, strata.","This passage, whose person changes halfway through, lends its name to an LGBT organization and later goes on to mention God as the bestower of good and the provider of anger,","as well as King of the Day of Judgement.","This passage is often seen as a short encapsulation of its parent work, and it is recited in every cycle of Islamic Prayer.","For 10 points name this opening chapter of the Qur'an."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/d5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57d5.json b/tossups/d5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57d5.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.04],[10.16,16.04],[16.16,23.64],[23.76,32.12]],"texts":["One man probably assassinated in this campaign was nicknamed \"Jango\".One leader participating in this campaign was responsible for a car bomb in Washington that killed Ronni Moffitt as well as its target.","A man involved in this campaign was accused of genocide against the Ache people, and another man involved in this campaign .","Another leader involved in this campaign is beloved in right-wing meme circles for throwing Communists out of helicopters and organized the \"Caravan of Death\".","For ten points, name this campaign that targeted Joao Goulart and Orlando Letelier as well as torturing Jose Mujica, Michele Bachelet, and Dilma Rousseff."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57d5.opus b/tossups/d5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57d5.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/d5/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87d5.json b/tossups/d5/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87d5.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.72],[5.84,12.2],[12.32,19.88],[20.0,29.8],[29.92,34.52],[34.64,39.92],[40.04,47.0]],"texts":["Repeated attempts by members of this ethnicity to flee persecution helped necessitate the closure of the Torugart Pass.","Nationalists of this ethnicity took advantage of a civil war to proclaim an autonomous government named for the mythic man Alash.","They're not Ukrainians, but 1.3 million members of this ethnic group died in the so-called \"Goloschkein\" famine from 1932 to 1933.","These people took to the streets in December 1986 after the sacking of a General Secretary of this ethnicity and his replacement with an ethnic Russian; those riots were called Jeltoqsan.","People of this ethnicity were the main victims of fallout from the Semipalatinsk test site.","The Soviet Socialist Republic named for this ethnic group is where Trofim Lysenko enacted the Virgin Lands Campaign.","Nursultan Nazarbayev belongs to, for 10 points, what ethnic group whose namesake republic once had its capital in Almaty?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8d5.json b/tossups/d5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8d5.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.84],[4.96,13.28],[13.4,16.24],[16.36,21.56],[21.68,27.4],[27.52,32.28],[32.4,35.68]],"texts":["Camila O'Gorman was executed by a dictator of this country for having sex with a Catholic priest.","A secret police in this country founded by that dictator's wife, Dona Encarnacion, was named \"ear of corn.\" Julio Roca, a member of this country's Generation of '80,","exterminated most of this country's native population.","Justo Jose de Urquiza took over this country after defeating its previous leader at Caseros.","Bartolome Mitre led this country during the War of the Triple Alliance, during which it allied with Brazil and Uruguay.","This country's portenos were ruled over by the \"Restorer of Laws\", Juan Manuel de Rosas.","For 10 points, name this country where gauchos settled Patagonia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecd5.json b/tossups/d5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecd5.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecd5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,9.52],[9.64,14.2],[14.32,22.2],[22.32,29.24],[29.36,37.8],[37.92,42.68]],"texts":["Members of this ethnic group made up the March 23 movement, which rebelled against local Mai-Mai militias.","Romeo Dallaire recorded an event targeting these people in Shake Hands with the Devil.","Laurent Nkunda led members of this ethnic group in revolt against Joseph Kabila's government.","RTLM, a radio station which encouraged violence against members of this ethnicity, was controversially allowed to operate in the Zone Turquoise.","Laurent-Desire Kabila led a force primarily composed of this ethnic group against Mobutu Sese Seko during the First Congo War.","Members of this ethnic group made up the RPF, a group which fought forces such as the Interahamwe during an event partially triggered by the assassination of Juvenal Habyarimana.","For 10 points, name this ethnic group who were the targets for a Hutu-led genocide in Rwanda."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ef16ede900452fc7625f5093e4aae6faef68ace4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,13.52],[13.64,21.84],[21.96,24.2],[24.32,31.2],[31.32,38.96],[39.08,45.4],[45.52,51.52]],"texts":["One ruler of this name received the Quaker missionary Mary Fisher, who traveled to his camp on foot, but was surprised to find that he already saw the light.","That ruler's soldiers had their salaries paid in a devalued currency called the \"red coin,\" so they revolted and killed 30 ministers,","hanging their corpses from the \"Vakvak Tree.\" That ruler of this name demanded a group led by Ivan Sirko submit to his rule, which prompted Sirko to write a letter full of insults,","the Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks.","In addition to that ruler, called the \"Hunter,\" a better-known ruler of this name was crushed at the Battle of Vaslui by Stephen III.","That ruler of this name allegedly had a love affair with Radu the Handsome, which led his army to be decimated during the Night Attack at Targoviste.","That ruler built the Rumeli Hisari castle and a gigantic cannon to dethrone Constantine XI Paleologus.","For 10 points, name that sultan dubbed the Conqueror for his sack of Constantinople in 1453."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738ad5.json b/tossups/d5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738ad5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1d4de852736e50adc7f2ec3575f8ece43365f9ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738ad5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.76],[7.88,16.0],[16.12,18.6],[18.72,28.84],[28.96,31.08],[31.2,36.96],[37.08,42.84],[42.96,47.28]],"texts":["In the 1980s, Willem Nijenhuis argued that Hadrian Saravia was the only Elizabethan-era philosopher to articulate this doctrine.","Scholarly interest in this doctrine was revived in the 19th century with John Figgis's intellectual history of it, a book that grew out of a debate he had with John Allen,","who argued it was misconstrued with the right of discretion.","Ernst Kantorowicz argued that this right was derived from the second of a certain person's \"two bodies\" in a 1957 book which makes reference to Richard Hooker, who rejected this doctrine in Book 8,","Chapter 3 of his magnum opus.","A treatise defending this doctrine states that Adam was the first ruler and that the first rulers were fathers of families.","That book defending this doctrine, Robert Filmer's Patriarcha, was attacked by John Locke in his First Treatise on Government.","For 10 points, name this doctrine which asserts that monarchs derive their authority from God."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df3ddba2602b93e04080d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df3ddba2602b93e04080d5.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df3ddba2602b93e04080d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.24],[7.36,13.92],[14.04,18.48],[18.6,26.08],[26.2,32.6],[32.72,38.52],[38.64,43.2]],"texts":["Pentostam, Repodral, and other drugs containing this compound preceded modern treatments like Praziquantel in the treatment of helminth infections.","The trivalent chloride of this element can catalyze the reaction of aromatic amines with meso epoxides to yield beta-amino alcohols.","This element's amphoteric trioxide is found in valentinite and senarmontite.","This element produces a false positive result in the Marsh assays since, like arsenic, it reacts with zinc and acid to produce a black precipitate.","George Olah pioneered the combination of this element's pentafluoride with hydrogen fluoride to yield the strongest known superacid.","It is commonly used to enhance the hardness of lead, and this Group Five element's sulfide is the ore stibnite.","For 10 points, name this metalloid, atomic number 51, with symbol Sb."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df3ddba2602b93e04081d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df3ddba2602b93e04081d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c541a0032ddb03debf8e91fc5b4c52b1264227c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df3ddba2602b93e04081d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,14.4],[14.52,24.4],[24.52,34.04],[34.16,37.8],[37.92,45.4]],"texts":["This work introduces the Boozers, a mother-daughter team that cons the perverted Kilpatrick, as well as a London Times reporter named Hugh Pryce who dies after climbing a tree.","It also describes the odd case of Albion Simms who lives life with a spike stuck in his head and is observed by a German surgeon.","Other chapters describe the travels of Mister Culp, a photographer, who is accompanied by his black apprentice, Calvin Harper, and is eventually murdered by Arly Wilcox, a runaway on the losing side.","It opens with the taking of the Jameson farm and the introduction of the character Pearl, while a later section describes the romance of Wilma Jones and the banjo playing Coalhouse Walker, Senior,","whose son appears in another of its author's works, Ragtime.","For 10 points, identify this 2005 novel whose action revolves around William Tecumseh Sherman's Southern campaign, a work by E.L. Doctorow."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1fa1a8678d5b671221413f98f42444a0a00770c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,11.64],[11.76,14.72],[14.84,19.0],[19.12,26.84],[26.96,30.28],[30.4,33.8]],"texts":["In one of this artist's works, Adam and Eve hold up chalices to collect Jesus's blood on the cross.","That is Dogma of the Redemption, which is a part of his Triumph of Religion mural cycle in the Boston Public Library.","This man produced the official presidential portrait of Theodore Roosevelt.","Several men sit against the wall playing guitar while a gypsy dances in his El Jaleo.","This artist depicted two young girls with Chinese lanterns surrounded by flowers, and created another painting featuring Virginie Amelie Avegno Gautreau.","The former painting is Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose.","For 10 points, name this artist of Portrait of Madame X."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd756d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd756d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..90a27f687857673c83663d362b911e779161b94b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd756d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.6],[9.72,13.6],[13.72,17.68],[17.8,21.72],[21.84,28.48],[28.6,35.08]],"texts":["This man proposed the Koryo Confederation which would have resulted in a loose merger between two nations, and agents from his nation attempted to assassinate Chun Doo Hwan in Burma in 1983.","He died prior to attending an unprecedented summit with Kim Young Sam.","This man ordered a failed attack on the Blue House of a neighboring country.","He agreed to the release of the crew of the Pueblo at Pammujan in 1968.","This man became chairman of the KWP in 1949, and he instituted the Juche self-reliance principles in his nation.","For 10 points, name this man who led North Korea from 1948 to 1994, the father of Kim Jong Il."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd758d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd758d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1ab92182fe6e10aee4f04174928f55c6ce53d6be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd758d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.92],[9.04,16.0],[16.12,22.32],[22.44,30.0],[30.12,34.44]],"texts":["This religion holds that digging nine holes surrounded by twelve furrows, filling the holes with water, and sprinkling the water ritually on an unclean man will exorcise evil beings.","This belief system fears beings that can be thwarted by invocations to Zam, Atar, and Apas, or earth, fire, and water.","A set of beings feared by this belief system cannot distinguish between truth and falsehood, known as asha and druj.","This religion fears demons called Daevas, the avoidance of which is the subject of the Vendidad, which is part of the holy text called the Avesta.","For 10 points, name this dualistic Persian religion that reveres Ahura Mazda."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd759d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd759d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bddac8862751f6fefb44e20b076600459ccb40a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df83920c3a38102cd759d5.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.92],[5.04,8.36],[8.48,14.16],[14.28,20.28],[20.4,27.12],[27.24,32.56]],"texts":["This daughter of King Iasos gave birth to Parthenopaios, one of the Seven Against Thebes.","This woman killed two centaurs named Rhoecus and Hylaeus.","After a man killed her uncles Plexippus and Toxeus, he died when his mother burned the stick that was tied to his life.","In another story, this woman and her lover made love in a temple of Cybele's, prompting her to turn them into lions.","This woman joined Meleager in the Calydonian boar hunt, and only married after Hippomenes begged Aphrodite to help him beat her at a contest.","For 10 points, name this huntress who married Hippomenes after he beat her in a footrace with the help of golden apples."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377d5.json b/tossups/d5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377d5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..400713471d624f2017b4456330205f470498dea7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377d5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.16],[7.28,11.8],[11.92,20.24],[20.36,25.12],[25.24,34.44],[34.56,40.12]],"texts":["Ling slightly simplified one form of this circuit by factoring out a propagate term from the group generate signal despite it not being a common factor.","That form of this circuit helps eliminate the gate delay of the ripple-carry type of this circuit.","A basic implementation of it feeds the two main bits into an XOR gate and an AND gate, sends the output of that XOR gate, along with a C-sub-in bit,","to another XOR gate/AND gate pair and ORs the output of the AND gates together.","A naive implementation of this circuit eliminates all but the first XOR and AND gate from the aforementioned design; that is the \"half\" type, which does not support a carry-in bit.","For 10 points, identify these basic blocks used in arithmetic logic units which sum binary inputs."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df8ab610329be735a33ed5.json b/tossups/d5/62df8ab610329be735a33ed5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..166a4b60344b015a870e7de7969324520228c1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/d5/62df8ab610329be735a33ed5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.72],[5.84,9.36],[9.48,16.8],[16.92,20.72],[20.84,25.52],[25.64,34.56],[34.68,37.96]],"texts":["A leader of this party was mocked for shouting \"We're all right!\" multiple times during a 1992 rally.","It was accused of exploiting children in the \"War of Jennifer's Ear\" scandal.","In the 1992 election, its leader was mocked with a caption asking the last person to leave the country to turn the off the lights on the cover of the Sun.","During the 1980s, this party was led by Michael Foot and Neil Kinnock.","In the early 1990s, it adopted a \"Third Way\" strategy to appeal to centrists.","After being driven out thanks to the 1978 \"Winter of Discontent,\" this party was the minority from 1980 to 1997, continually losing to the party of John Major.","For 10 points, name this British political party of Tony Blair."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/d5/62df8ab610329be735a33fd5.json b/tossups/d5/62df8ab610329be735a33fd5.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.76],[7.88,12.44],[12.56,20.8],[20.92,24.12],[24.24,32.44],[32.56,39.4]],"texts":["In factor analysis, the sum of the squares of the common factor loadings for a variable, or communality, is how much of this value is shared with other variables.","An assumption about the homogeneity of this measure can be evaluated using Hartley's F-max test.","This measure is conventionally defined as the expected value of the square of a random variable minus the square of the expected value of a random variable,","or the second moment of the distribution minus the square of the mean.","The coefficient of determination, or R2, is the percentage of this value for one variable that is accounted for by this value for another variable.","For 10 points, identify this statistical measure represented by sigma squared that is the square of standard deviation."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/d5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bd5.json b/tossups/d5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bd5.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,13.88],[14.0,22.48],[22.6,32.52],[32.64,36.24],[36.36,43.0]],"texts":["This man wrote his doctoral dissertation on the Colorado Coalfield War and chaired the committee that produced the report Dietary Goals for the United States.","He also chaired a commission that established the modern process by which his party selects delegates for national conventions, named for him and Donald Fraser.","This man declared \"this chamber reeks of blood\" in a Senate speech supporting an amendment to end American military involvement in Vietnam that he co-sponsored with Mark Hatfield.","He was attacked for supporting \"amnesty, abortion, and acid\" during a campaign in which he claimed to be \"1,000 percent behind\" former electroshock therapy recipient Thomas Eagleton,","but quickly dropped Eagleton as running mate in favor of Sargent Shriver.","For 10 points, name this Democrat from South Dakota who lost every state but Massachusetts in the presidential election of 1972."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.44],[8.56,15.32],[15.44,21.12],[21.24,30.84]],"texts":["This work's second movement, in A minor, contains a descending chromatic triplet passage for the woodwind, which interrupts a full orchestra chorale in D major.","The Scherzo movement of this work contains an obligato horn solo which diminuendos to pianississimo after the instruction \"bell up\".","The adagietto penultimate fourth movement of this work is thought to have been written as a love song to the composer's wife, Alma.","A notoriously difficult trumpet solo quoting the rhythm of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony opens, for 10 points, which symphony by the German composer of Songs of a Wayfarer, Gustav Mahler."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bdd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bdd.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,16.68],[16.8,22.64],[22.76,31.8],[31.92,38.16],[38.28,43.48]],"texts":["This novel begins with a map of the setting that identifies places like the balneary, the pigsties, and the aedificium,","and it is separated into sections titled for the first through seventh days and ends with the \"Last Page.\" The protagonist struggles for a time with finding an entrance to a hidden room called the finis Africae,","and this novel includes a man who demands an execution after a peasant girl is brought by Salvatore and has sex with the protagonist.","The inquisitor Bernard Gui is a character in this book, in which poisoned pages from an Aristotle work are used to commit murders that are traced to the blind librarian, Jorge of Burgos.","The main plot of this novel is driven by a series of mysterious deaths of monks at a monastery investigated by the protagonist.","For 10 points, name this novel about Adso of Melk and William of Baskerville written by Umberto Eco."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cdd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cdd.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.0],[8.12,14.36],[14.48,18.88],[19.0,27.6],[27.72,33.8],[33.92,40.96]],"texts":["The prelude to this opera begins with a three beat pickup as the double reeds and strings play a slow A flat arpeggio to begin the love feast motif.","Because of the confusion at the premiere of this \"Stage consecrating festival play,\" some audiences do not applaud after the first act.","In a climactic scene, one character exclaims his desire to die in \"Mein Vater!","Hochgesegenter der Helden!\" The Dresden Amen is used for the Good Friday Spell and another motif in this work, which tells of how a young boy shoots down a swan in Monsalvat.","Kundry tries to seduce the title character who resists, and then, when Klingsor tries to kill him, he catches the Holy Spear.","For 10 points, name this opera about a knight who heals Amfortas's wound and uncovers the Holy Grail, composed by Richard Wagner."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ddd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ddd.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,16.04],[16.16,21.48],[21.6,28.84],[28.96,35.52],[35.64,38.84]],"texts":["No figures are visible in this artist's collection of pictures taken in Walpi, Arizona, because the Hopi people residing there did not want this artist to depict their sacred practices.","This artist's pictures of the San Francisco de Assis church are collected in a book-length collaboration with Mary Austin titled Taos Pueblo.","Under Albert Bender's patronship, this photographer released the collection The Parmelian Prints of the High Sierras.","This photographer assigned a number between zero and ten to pictures depending on their black-and-white contrast in a system co-developed with Fred Archer.","This creator of the Zone System captured a gibbous moon rising above a large rock formation at Yosemite in his most famous photograph.","For 10 points, name this photographer of Moon and Half Dome."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4edd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4edd.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,14.72],[14.84,17.4],[17.52,21.84],[21.96,27.64],[27.76,32.48],[32.6,36.84]],"texts":["In 2012, around 43,000 pages of this person's journals were made publicly available online.","Replying to a request by this person, a famously-concise general simply answered, \"Sparrowhawks.\" A man named Abdul Karim served this ruler as a \"munshi,\" teaching Urdu and Hindi,","and replaced a Scottish servant named John Brown.","Lord Melbourne remained prime minister after this ruler refused a request by Robert Peel.","To educate this member of the House of Hanover, the Duchess of Kent and John Conroy created the Kensington System.","The Crystal Palace was built for the Great Exhibition organized by this ruler's husband, Prince Albert.","For 10 points, name this Queen of the United Kingdom for most of the 1800s."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57dd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57dd.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,10.04],[10.16,15.0],[15.12,19.32],[19.44,30.28],[30.4,36.08]],"texts":["One treaty was signed in this city by Pierre Louis Napoleon Cavagnari, who later became its British Resident.","This was the location of the executions of William MacNaghten and Muhammad Najibullah.","One journey originating in this city was only survived by William Brydon and commanded by William Elphinstone.","One campaign whose target was this city was commanded by Frederick \"Bobs\" Roberts.","This city became the capital of an empire that won the Third Battle of Panipat, and Operation Storm-333 captured several key objectives in this city and successfully overthrew Hafizullah Amin.","For ten points, name this city, the capital of a nation invaded by Britain, Russia, and the United States."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87dd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87dd.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.12],[3.24,9.6],[9.72,18.72],[18.84,26.52],[26.64,31.24],[31.36,38.44],[38.56,46.2]],"texts":["Note to players: Type of work and author required.","One of these works complains about \"that second-hand school of poetry\" in the context of discussing reviews by Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine.","Some of these works boast of \"hundreds\" of \"pl & opt Cs,\" a shorthand the author borrowed from the Satyricon to refer to sex, such as in the context of Nicolo Giraud.","Another of these works lambasts \"Turdsworth,\" echoing a criticism that their author made of Wordsworth and Robert Southey in Canto I of a poem.","One of these works is burned in front of Lady Croom by Septimus Hodge in Tom Stoppard's Arcadia.","Many of these works are addressed to Teresa, Contessa Guiccioli, the author's lover in Ravenna, and many others are to Percy Shelley.","One of them says \"If I am a poet... the air of Greece has made me one.\" For 10 points, identify these epistles by the author of \"Manfred\" and \"Don Juan.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4dd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4dd.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,13.04],[13.16,17.6],[17.72,24.12],[24.24,30.16],[30.28,36.04],[36.16,41.84]],"texts":["While adventuring on their yacht Foxy Lady, John Dewhirst, Stuart Glass, and Kerry Hamill disappeared and ended up in one of these places.","In 1994, Yale University created the DC-Cam project to map over 10,000 of these places.","Soldiers in these places often smashed the skulls of children on chankiri trees.","Syndey Schanberg's reporting for The New York Times on these places inspired a 1984 biopic by Roland Joffe.","In 1988, a memorial resembling the shape of a stupa was built on the former site of one of these places named Choeung Ek.","Strychnine Hill was the location of one of these places called S-21 that was run by Comrade Duch and was converted from a high school.","For 10 points, what name denotes facilities operated by the Khmer Rouge used to murder and bury people en masse?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5dd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5dd.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.0],[9.12,14.52],[14.64,19.88],[20.0,28.0],[28.12,34.44],[34.56,40.56]],"texts":["Two hadiths from the Sahih al-Bukhari describing a modified form of this practice in severe weather justified a recent Kuwaiti modification during the coronavirus pandemic.","Uthman ordered that a version of this practice be done in markets, so many Sunnis do a specific instance of it twice.","When this practice is performed before fajr, Sunnis add a phrase that calls a certain action \"better than sleep\".","This practice, often followed by a shorter instance of it called the iqama, was first done by the freed Ethiopian slave Bilal ibn Rabah.","It begins by repeating the takbir and the shahada and is now typically performed with the aid of a loudspeaker five times per day.","For 10 points, what practice, usually done by a muezzin from a minaret, announces that Muslims should perform salat?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6dd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..363f18313cf4cd4c5fb0014272ed0918aa7b2384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6dd.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,11.24],[11.36,16.68],[16.8,22.24],[22.36,28.4],[28.52,33.64],[33.76,38.84]],"texts":["Ignatius's letter to this city makes the otherwise unattested claim that an extremely bright star appeared upon Jesus's death.","An address to this city praises their rejecting the Nicolaitans but criticizes them for leaving their \"first love\".","This city's congregation produced the Johannine books and is the first of the seven churches addressed in Revelation.","This city's first bishop was Timothy, who was reportedly stoned for preaching against its festival of Diana.","Paul's letter to this city tells the readers to put on the Armor of God and infamously instructs wives to submit to their husbands.","For three centuries, a cave near this city legendarily protected seven Christians who had fallen asleep inside.","For 10 points, name this city in present-day Turkey that hosted the council that rejected Nestorianism."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8dd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8dd.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.72],[8.84,14.28],[14.4,20.84],[20.96,27.36],[27.48,33.68],[33.8,37.76]],"texts":["The closed-form solution to a \"problem\" concerning these entities states that their optimal value is given by the quantity \"mu minus r, all over sigma-squared times gamma\".","When these entities are derived without transactional costs, they can be approximated graphically by the Merton line.","Another theory of these entities seeks to construct an \"efficient frontier\" of them, which graphically resembles an upward sloping hyperbola.","That \"modern theory\" of these entities was first outlined by Harry Markowitz in a Nobel Prize winning paper on their \"Selection\".","The expected excess return across one of these entities is divided by the standard deviation to calculate economic risk.","For 10 points, give this collection of an investor's stocks and other assets."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecdd.json b/tossups/dd/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecdd.json
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7cfec9d502576334129971c352486a49999069d
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,14.12],[14.24,26.4],[26.52,33.2],[33.32,38.68],[38.8,44.04]],"texts":["The empirical basis for theories in this practice was studied in a project named after Sheffield which lends credibility to Hobson's model.","George Klein criticized a metatheory associated with this practice for being too reductionist which corresponded with a shift to a more hermeneutic view in this practice.","One thinker primarily associated for developing a theory of this practice developed the idea of \"objet petit a.\" That idea is argued to increase out sublime understanding of ideology according to Slavoj Zizek.","That earlier thinker who worked in this discipline tried to create a transgressive concept related to a paradoxical pleasure known as jouissance.","The founder of this practice created a concept in which young boys had an unconscious sexual desire for their mothers.","For 10 points, identify this form of psychology associated with people like Jacque Lacan and Sigmund Freud."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3fe7933a1fa66e38e10d4c579aebd95688f07f70
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.96],[8.08,11.68],[11.8,16.96],[17.08,21.8],[21.92,29.64],[29.76,33.4],[33.52,40.6],[40.72,44.64]],"texts":["The main character of this work uses resins from the \"Tree-of-the-Word\" and the \"china clay of Tobati\" to make \"listening-flowerpots.\" After a cow is murdered in this novel,","a bezoar inside its stomach is believed to give prophecies.","Its title character once owned an ivory pen named \"Loco Solo,\" which destroys paper when used for writing.","Helen Lane's translation of this novel ends with a \"Final Compiler's Note\" written by Policarpo.","A handwritten note stating \"On the occasion of my death, I order that my corpse be decapitated\" is found pinned to a cathedral at the beginning of this surreal novel,","which largely consists of dialogue between the title character and his secretary.","Published fourteen years after its author's first novel, Son of Man, it fictionalizes the life of Doctor Francia, a Paraguayan dictator.","For 10 points, name this novel by Augusto Roa Bastos."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d306706004c8bc548d35bca8d4f970281521e5e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.48],[10.6,17.64],[17.76,22.16],[22.28,24.92],[25.04,30.24],[30.36,33.48],[33.6,38.36],[38.48,45.08]],"texts":["The idea that the culture of the 1960s influenced the prevalence of this issue has been labeled the \"Woodstock defense.\" This issue caused the 2010 resignation of the Belgian Roger Vangheluwe.","William Levada was criticized for his response to this issue in Portland, but in 2011, he published a set of guidelines for dealing with this issue.","Organizations which were formed to deal with this issue include SNAP and Voice of the Faithful.","This issue was the subject of the John Jay Report.","J. Keith Symons was the initial culprit in a series of episodes in Palm Beach regarding this issue.","Sean P. O'Malley heads a commission investigating this issue.","After journalists from the Boston Globe investigated this issue, Bernard Law offered his resignation.","For 10 points, name this issue dramatized in the movie Spotlight and investigated by the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ae8d944e0b3eee59740aad9a6d6e13544ccebbad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.96],[8.08,12.56],[12.68,19.12],[19.24,28.28],[28.4,33.44],[33.56,40.84],[40.96,44.84]],"texts":["A book about enterprise in this country argues that its exporting of raw materials combined with its importing of manufactured goods has retarded technological development,","leading to economic growth but not economic development, and was written by Kari Levitt.","A report co-written by Abraham Rotstein, and the author of the collection Madness and Ruin, describes this country's industry.","That man, Mel Watkins, also wrote the preface to a book about multinational corporations in its economy, Silent Surrender-which renewed interest in this nation's Staples Thesis.","A thinker from here used the example of a lightbulb to show that something could be illuminating without providing any content.","That thinker wrote The Mechanical Bride and used the level of contemplation that a viewer must undertake to distinguish between \"hot\" and \"cool\" types of media.","For 10 points, name this country home to Harold Innis and Marshall McLuhan."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738add.json b/tossups/dd/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738add.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,15.04],[15.16,21.64],[21.76,28.44],[28.56,38.0],[38.12,44.68]],"texts":["In a scene in this play, the title character is told \"If thou eat his tongue, thou wilt become a monstrous clever talker.\" In this play,","the hero offers to trade a drink procured from Maron for cheese and sheep flesh, but the character giving it to him later claims that the hero was stealing it.","After getting monstrously drunk, the title character refers to another character as \"my Ganymede\" before presumably raping him offstage.","This play opens with a character raking away the leaves in front of a cave, talking about how he once slew Enceladus alongside his master.","This play is a reworking of Book IX of The Odyssey and adds in a chorus of creatures who are Dionysus's servants, as well as Silenus, who almost has Odysseus killed by Polyphemus.","For 10 points, name this burlesque by Euripides in which Odysseus blinds the title creature, the only fully extant satyr play."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df3ddba2602b93e04081dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df3ddba2602b93e04081dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2ae3370384c34588e85444d4da945e1c692042f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62df3ddba2602b93e04081dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.84],[7.96,15.76],[15.88,19.88],[20.0,30.44],[30.56,38.0],[38.12,44.96]],"texts":["The second part analyzes the mitigation of risks and dangers with the establishment of a \"regimen in general\" in the chapter \"Dietetics.\" The third part,","which opens with a section on dreams and the \"method of Artemidorus,\" explores what its author refers to as \"The Question of Monopoly\" in the context of marriage.","The first part, which includes the chapter \"We \"Other Victorians,\"\" argues that,","\"Confession came to be constituted in scientific terms,\" and posits capitalism as an outcome of the controlled insertion of bodies into the machinery of production in its analysis of \"bio-power.\" That volume,","which preceded the other completed volumes The Care of Self and The Use of Pleasure, was translated as both An Introduction\" and The Will to Knowledge.","For 10 points, identify this three volume treatise tracing the experience of erotic desire in Western Society, a work by Michel Foucault."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df7ca243aee49db2f768dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df7ca243aee49db2f768dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c0325c1c482dd55287e1c9936f1b9a1140074b51
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,15.04],[15.16,22.8],[22.92,31.36],[31.48,34.0]],"texts":["This was the name of a city that rose to power by dominating trade along the Klyazma River after its prince Andrew the Pious burnt down Kiev.","A grand prince of this name, who recounted killing 200 princes of the Cumans in his Testament, adapted his epithet from his grandfather Constantine IX Monomachus.","The father of Boris and Gleb, who bore this name, ordered a mass baptism in the Dnieper River to inaugurate the Christianization of Kievan Rus.","A more notable ruler with this first name jailed the president of Yukos, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, during a protracted struggle with Russia's \"oligarchs.\" For 10 points,","give the first name of the current president of Russia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0dd.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/dd/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.68],[4.8,11.56],[11.68,16.8],[16.92,23.12],[23.24,30.12],[30.24,34.92],[35.04,38.44]],"texts":["In one of this author's works a woman has a dream of her lover holding a dagger over her husband's throat.","In that play the Roman Governor Felix sentences the title Armenian nobleman to death after he marries Pauline and converts to Christianity.","This author wrote a play in which the magician Alcandre helps Pridamant solve the disappearance of his son Clindor.","The primary conflict of his most famous play is triggered when one character slaps an older man because he was selected as the royal tutor.","This author of Polyeucte and The Comic Illusion wrote of a noble whose assassination attempt is forgiven by Emperor Augustus in Cinna.","He is best known for a work about a knight who falls in love with Chimene after killing her father Don Gomes.","For 10 points, name this French dramatist of Le Cid."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1dd.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.12],[5.24,9.56],[9.68,18.8],[18.92,26.8],[26.92,33.24]],"texts":["This artist depicted his wife sitting in a car and painting a mountain in his painting Jo in Wyoming.","His Two Comedians shows the title figures clad in white holding hands on a stage.","He depicted a pensive, blond woman in a blue uniform leaning against the wall of a theater in one of his works, and painted a row of businesses, including a barber's shop, in another.","In addition to his New York Movie and Early Sunday Morning, this artist painted a pair of women having lunch with parts of the title sign visible through the window in Chop Suey.","For 10 points, name this American painter, best known for depicting a group of nocturnal diner patrons in Nighthawks."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df83920c3a38102cd756dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df83920c3a38102cd756dd.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62df83920c3a38102cd756dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.36],[8.48,17.64],[17.76,22.2],[22.32,29.96],[30.08,34.84]],"texts":["Just outside of this city one can find the Miramar castle, used by Emperor Maximilian I. The Friulian language can be heard among residents of this city.","In this city, one can find the Risiera di San Sabba, a German concentration camp, along with Richard's arch, so named because it was once crossed by Richard the Lionhearted.","This city was the subject of the Treaty of Osimo and was divided by the Morgan Line.","Those treaties occurred after World War Two, which saw this city made into an international zone, with the eastern half eventually going to the former Yugoslavia.","For 10 points, name this port that lies on Italy's eastern border with Slovenia."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df83920c3a38102cd759dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df83920c3a38102cd759dd.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,10.2],[10.32,15.16],[15.28,22.16],[22.28,28.6]],"texts":["Dichotic listening tests provided evidence in support of Broadbent's filter model of this process.","The dominant model of this phenomenon posits that people integrate separate feature maps into a saliency map.","The cocktail party effect is an example of the ability of the auditory system to direct this phenomenon.","A mental disorder in which people demonstrate impairment in this process as well as hyperactive behavior is commonly treated with stimulants such as Ritalin.","For 10 points, name this ability to selectively concentrate on something, whose deficit causes a common disorder in young children."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377dd.json b/tossups/dd/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377dd.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.76],[8.88,18.24],[18.36,25.2],[25.32,33.32],[33.44,38.24]],"texts":["One of these works defends Barry Goldwater's claim that \"extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice\" by citing the Congo Crisis and Hamlet's \"to be or not to be\" soliloquy.","Another of these works analyzes the Russian, Chinese, American, and French revolutions, concluding that revolutions are \"the landless against the landlords\" and brought about by bloodshed.","That one is titled \"Message to the Grassroots.\" The most famous of these works, delivered in two different forms in Cleveland and Detroit,","calls Lyndon Johnson a \"Southern cracker\" and warns of another March on Washington from people who bought \"one-way tickets.\" For 10 points, name this set of orations,","including \"The Ballot or the Bullet,\" which were all delivered by a Muslim rival to Martin Luther King."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62df8ab610329be735a33fdd.json b/tossups/dd/62df8ab610329be735a33fdd.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/dd/62df8ab610329be735a33fdd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,11.52],[11.64,16.08],[16.2,22.72],[22.84,29.88],[30.0,33.56]],"texts":["This ruler's forces suffered a disastrous defeat under the command of Alfonso La Marmora in the Battle of Custoza.","This man took the throne after his father abdicated following humiliating losses at Novara and an earlier battle at Custoza.","Following that abdication, this ruler agreed to an armistice with Joseph Radetzky.","The Peace of Villafranca confirmed the victories of this ruler at Solferino and Magenta when he allied with Napoleon III against Austria.","This son of Charles Albert was excommunicated by Pius IX for taking the Papal States, a move supported by his adviser Count Cavour.","For 10 points, name this first king of a unified Italy."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fdd.json b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fdd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fef020ec6615d9132864b1be5ac6eb54792dbd39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fdd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,16.56],[16.68,23.68],[23.8,28.92],[29.04,32.8]],"texts":["Peter Westergaard challenged the traditional view of the primacy of this concept in a 1975 \"introduction\" to his alternative theory.","Edward Aldwell and Carl Schachter wrote an influential textbook on this concept \"and voice leading.\" The most popular textbook on this subject has been through four editions beginning in 1941 and was written by Walter Piston.","Novel ideas about inversions and progressions were laid out in a seminal 1722 treatise on this subject written by Jean-Philippe Rameau.","This concept is sometimes called \"vertical music,\" in contrast to the \"horizontal music\" of the melody.","For 10 points, give this term for the simultaneous sounding of multiple notes."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960dd.json b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960dd.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.6],[7.72,14.08],[14.2,21.84],[21.96,28.08],[28.2,35.68],[35.8,40.64]],"texts":["A poem about this character says of him, \"easy as the narrow snake he forked his way along,\" and concludes, \"Than sea and continent there is a larger:","it is woe.\" He is compared favorably with a character who \"supplants the balm\" from a \"consummate cluster\" in another poem.","The speaker observes, \"Now, when I read, I read not,\" in a poem claiming this character \"sets a thing significant.\" The speaker recalls,","\"He knew no haste and I had put away my labor and my leisure too\" in another poem about him, in which \"we passed the school,","where children strove at recess in the ring.\" That poem about this character concludes with the image of horses' heads pointed toward eternity as they pull a carriage.","For 10 points, name this personification for whom Emily Dickinson \"could not stop.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961dd.json b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961dd.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..aed027a68806856f212b7d39b0a4bde53bf1d4e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961dd.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.36],[5.48,10.48],[10.6,19.72],[19.84,26.04],[26.16,32.6]],"texts":["Alongside the lungs and glial cells, this organ is the most common site for corpora amylacea.","The largest part of this organ is its peripheral zone and Skene's glands are homologous to this organ.","Cancer of this organ is the most common cause of sclerotic bone metastases while T.U.N.A and T.U.R.P are procedures used to treat the benign hyperplasia of this organ.","The seminal vesicles and vas deferens unite to empty into this gland through the ejaculatory duct opening.","For 10 points, name this walnut sized gland that sits below the male bladder which is felt in a digital rectal exam."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961dd.opus b/tossups/dd/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961dd.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bdf.json b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bdf.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bdf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,13.12],[13.24,20.32],[20.44,23.24],[23.36,29.2],[29.32,33.0],[33.12,36.52],[36.64,42.48]],"texts":["One person who helped stop this event was a one-eyed ox-eared giant who was executed for being late to a party celebrating its end.","One person appointed to stop this event was tested by being wedded to two spoiled princesses whom he nonetheless convinced to live like commoners.","One person was appointed on the advice of the Four Mountains and tried to use a self-replicating substance stolen from the Supreme Divinity to stop it;","that figure was executed on Feather Mountain for failing.","The figure who managed to stop this event was aided by a black turtle and a yellow dragon, and worked for thirteen years straight.","After this event, Fengyi martyred himself and became the god He Bo.","This event was stopped by Yu the Great using a series of canals.","For 10 points, name this climactic natural disaster from Chinese mythology in which the Yellow River overflowed."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cdf.json b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cdf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eeb5cf1c2452a6a293f26c435289d48f6fc5583f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cdf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.28],[6.4,11.12],[11.24,17.52],[17.64,21.32],[21.44,23.92],[24.04,28.56],[28.68,35.2],[35.32,38.56]],"texts":["The autocorrelation function is related by the Fourier transform to the spectral density of this quantity according to the Weiner-Kinchin theorem.","In the relativistic limit, this quantity is proportional to the sixth power of the Lorentz gamma.","One formula giving this quantity is integrated between two time periods in order to give the magnitude of the radiation reaction,","and states that it is proportional to charge squared times acceleration squared.","Those expressions are named for Lienard and Larmor.","Equating the input and output value of this quantity is used to derive the mechanical advantage.","This quantity is given by the integral of the dot product of force and velocity, or the derivative of work with respect to time.","For 10 points, name this quantity measured in watts."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ddf.json b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ddf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5f7502f09611fe07acaac8a656d891594f7d629e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4ddf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.0],[6.12,9.4],[9.52,14.44],[14.56,20.68],[20.8,24.28],[24.4,27.48],[27.6,31.16],[31.28,34.6],[34.72,38.8]],"texts":["In one of their less evil exploits, Nazi company IG Farben used calcinized dolomite to purify this metal.","This element is usually the catalyst of the pinacol coupling.","This element is reacted with titanium tetrachloride to give pure titanium in the Kroll process.","In ether solvents, this element will interchange between a synthetically useful compound and its dihalide in the Schlenk equilibrium.","Along with sodium and calcium, this metal's sulfate acts as a desiccant.","Organometallic reagents with this metal are named for Grignard.","This metal's sulfate is often added to foot soaks as epsom salt.","This is the second lightest alkaline earth metal after beryllium.","For 10 points, name this element with atomic number 12 and symbol Mg."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4edf.json b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4edf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..77dfb342bf57a8e4f3a26f44050e1804d01fb718
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4edf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,19.8],[19.92,25.84],[25.96,36.36],[36.48,39.56]],"texts":["This philosopher complained that Western metaphysics suffered from a \"forgetfulness\" of one concept in a lecture series that stated \"the nothing itself nothings.\" This philosopher rejected a metaphysics based on \"spatiality\" and substituted one that uses an \"orientation,\" such as \"toward-death.\" Ernest Bloch's Principle of Hope compares a dog's life to this thinker's concept of life as \"thrown\" into the world.","This author demonstrated attitudes towards objects, such as \"ready-at-hand,\" with the example of a hammer.","This author of What is Metaphysics? proposed separating the analysis of individual entities from that of existence itself in a book examining the \"being for whom being is in question,\" or Dasein.","For 10 points, name the author of Being and Time."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57df.json b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fc372ce79ebcbf8cb902d22bdd43679ad182039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,15.48],[15.6,22.96],[23.08,26.36],[26.48,32.32]],"texts":["One duke of this region built a prank palace that contained, among other things, trap doors that would dump soot and flour on people entering rooms.","One ruler from this region murdered the Duke of Orleans, and this region was divided into \"Upper\", \"Middle\", and \"Lower\" administrative circles in the Holy Roman Empire.","One duke of this region's nickname can be translated as \"rash\", but he is normally spoken of in historical records as \"Charles the Bold\".","An army from this region was responsible for capturing Joan of Arc.","For ten points, name this region known for its distinctively-hued wine once led by Philip the Good and John the Fearless."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87df.json b/tossups/df/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87df.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,13.12],[13.24,20.44],[20.56,26.84],[26.96,33.12],[33.24,38.24]],"texts":["Hellenistic Greeks created varieties of these objects called thureoi that copied Celtic designs.","After the Battle of Gabiene, an elite group named for examples of these objects handed over their commander Eumenes to Antigonus the One-Eyed in exchange for their baggage train.","Plutarch records that the phrase \"E tan e epi tas,\" which refers to these items, was spoken to departing men in Sparta by their wives.","An iconic example of these items from Classical Greece was called the aspis, with a specific variety being called a hoplon.","An example of this item called a scutum was carried by Roman legionaries, who would use it to form a testudo or \"tortoise\" formation.","For 10 points, name these typically wooden objects used by soldiers to protect themselves in battle."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4df.json b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5657a08f1dd1668a6d0beec26738c0fed14f6757
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.68],[7.8,14.64],[14.76,23.48],[23.6,29.72],[29.84,35.28],[35.4,41.16]],"texts":["A statement regarding this property is refuted using the example of two iron spheres in a dialogue between A and B written by Max Black.","Derek Parfit argued for determining this property via Relation R using a thought experiment of traveling to Mars via teletransporter.","A chapter on \"Diversity and\" this property from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding uses the example of the prince and the cobbler to argue for a theory of it based on psychological continuity.","David Hume argued that the self, mind, and this property were defined by \"bundles\" of experience and perceptions.","By Leibniz's law, this property is shared by objects whose properties are in all common and are thus indiscernible.","The Ship of Theseus paradox concerns, for 10 points, what property often denoted by an equals sign?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5df.json b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5df.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,15.36],[15.48,20.76],[20.88,28.24],[28.36,34.24],[34.36,39.6]],"texts":["B.J. Bahnson used sterically-crowded mutants of horse liver ADH to \"unmask\" the effects of this phenomenon on the enzyme's activity.","In hydrogen transfer reactions, this phenomenon can cause an anomalous enhancement to the kinetic isotope effect, an effect modeled by adding Bell's Q-factor to the Arrhenius equation.","The read-heads of modern hard disk drives use a form of magnetoresistance dependent on this phenomenon.","Binnig and Rohrer invented a device that uses this phenomenon between a sample and a piezoelectric tip to achieve sub-nanometer resolution.","In this phenomenon, the wavefunction exponentially decays in a narrow region where the energy is smaller than the potential.","For 10 points, name this process in which a particle crosses a classically-forbidden potential barrier."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6df.json b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b36f6891a2a9290d313731060d0398572bafea92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,11.84],[11.96,19.36],[19.48,26.28],[26.4,34.16],[34.28,37.28],[37.4,41.8]],"texts":["This philosopher remarks that man observes three worlds -- sensual perception, thinking,","and the high spiritual -- in a discussion of \"experimental intellect\" which contrasts \"sciences of humans\" with those of angels.","This man, who is not Saint Paul, said \"may I be your ransom\" during an episode in which he was lowered in a basket from the walls of Damascus.","His best-known work includes a \"refutation of alchemy\" and a discussion of profits often cited as the first formulation of the Laffer Curve.","In the introduction to his Book of Lessons, he outlined a cyclical theory that aging civilizations are inevitably conquered by nomadic peoples, such as Berbers,","due to the latter's strong social cohesion or asabiya.","For 10 points, name this author of the Muqaddimah, a Muslim philosopher of history."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8df.json b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2edcde19023dabf384059c6a8020cb39dd70df1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.64],[5.76,8.92],[9.04,16.96],[17.08,20.32],[20.44,25.76],[25.88,30.32],[30.44,35.32]],"texts":["A series of cartoons titled \"The Museum of Horrors\" depicted this man as a rabbit in a pot of stew.","A tract supporting this man ends with the quotation \"I am waiting\".","The newspaper La Libre Parole antagonized this man despite evidence of a secret affair between Alessandro Panizzardi and Max von Schwartzkoppen.","This man's sword was publicly broken at the Ecole Militaire.","An editorial in L'Aurore supported this man, who was arrested based on a bordereau found in a wastebasket.","Ferdinand Esterhazy was found guilty of a crime for which this man was sent to Devil's Island.","For 10 points, name this French-Jewish military officer accused of espionage in a namesake 'Affair'."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecdf.json b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecdf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..267e91d47ccfed84561936940100b097b1447d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aecdf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,15.08],[15.2,20.76],[20.88,25.72],[25.84,32.2],[32.32,37.16]],"texts":["A buried message in this country mentioning the Branch Davidian church was found near the head of a nearly 2-mile-long geoglyph which mysteriously appeared in 1998 and is nicknamed \"Marree Man.\" This country's 1844-foot-high Ball's Pyramid is the only remaining habitat of the Lord Howe stick insect.","Mount Olga is the highest of the sandstone-covered domes which make up this country's Kata Tjuta rock formation.","This country's town of Coober Pedy, an opal-mining center, is known for its underground houses.","\"The Ghan,\" a train crossing this country, has its northern terminus in Darwin after passing through the city of Alice Springs.","For 10 points, name this country whose \"outback\" is home to animals like dingos and kangaroos."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeddf.json b/tossups/df/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeddf.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,13.68],[13.8,19.32],[19.44,25.76],[25.88,31.44],[31.56,40.16]],"texts":["Emblematic in her study of the Nepalese sherpa, a student of this thinker likes to analyze \"serious games\" as part of her practice theory.","This teacher of Sherry Ortner argued for adopting the \"cultural dimension of religious analysis\" of Parsons and Shils while analyzing religion.","This thinker analyzed a pre-colonial culture governed by ritual and symbols in a book about the \"theater state\" Negara.","This anthropologist argued that ethnography must consist of both facts and commentary and analysis of aspects of culture.","In one essay, this thinker describes how the title illegal sporting event is a stand-in for the men of the village.","The pioneer of thick description is, for 10 points, what anthropologist, who wrote The Interpretation of Cultures and the essay \"Deep Play: Notes on the Balinese Cockfight?\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387df.json b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ba0128e7ee7067babe1ea5fbcf1a6a022f135f6b
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+++ b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,16.36],[16.48,21.84],[21.96,26.48],[26.6,31.28],[31.4,36.24],[36.36,42.48],[42.6,43.56],[43.68,51.68]],"texts":["After becoming president of the Parvin Foundation, this man was investigated due to a sale of stock in the Flamingo Hotel being linked to the mobster Meyer Lansky.","This man courted scandal by marrying the 23-year old Cathleen Heffernan, and by recusing himself from the obscenity trial of the Swedish film I Am Curious Yellow,","after it was revealed that the allegedly-pornographic Evergreen Review had printed this man's book Points of Rebellion.","This author of the memoir Of Men and Mountains wrote an oft-cited dissent in Sierra Club v.","Morton, asserting that trees should have standing to sue for their own environmental protection.","This justice, who granted a temporary stay on the execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg,","wrote a majority opinion holding that guarantees in the Bill of Rights have \"emanations\" which form \"penumbras,\" in Griswold v.","Connecticut.","For 10 points, name this justice, replaced by John Paul Stevens after he died in 1975, who is still the longest-serving Supreme Court Justice in U.S. history."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388df.json b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8b6e70f98c7145debe4560287dd6805524502c59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,13.4],[13.52,20.88],[21.0,28.08],[28.2,32.08],[32.2,39.52],[39.64,47.88]],"texts":["In a novel by this author, a tennis match gets so heated that one of the players starts savagely beating the other's face with a racket.","A character created by this author concludes that a mysterious man with a vast retinue of followers must be Peter the Great on his embassy to Europe.","At a sheep-fair, two characters interrogate this author about a letter he published in Blackwood's Magazine describing two shepherds exhuming the corpse of a suicide victim.","The prostitute Arabella Calvert witnesses a duel in a novel by this author that leads to son of the Laird of Dalcastle getting stabbed in the back.","The second section of that novel by this man is narrated by the title character,","who is convinced by his father that he is part of the Calvinist \"elect\" and is forced into committing a series of bizarre murders by the devil-doppelganger Gil-Martin.","For 10 points, name this Scottish author of a psychological novel about the crimes of Robert Wringhim called The Private Memoirs and Confessions of a Justified Sinner."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389df.json b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..52293648c15d19b7993faddd40de6708ddf8ff67
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,14.48],[14.6,21.76],[21.88,29.76],[29.88,32.12],[32.24,40.36],[40.48,45.36]],"texts":["Gerrit van Honthorst's depiction of this man shows him in an olive-green shirt with red lining, looking up from a piece of paper.","The arrangement of figures in another depiction of this man may have been inspired by similar portraits of a goldsmith by Lorenzo Lotto and of Cardinal Richelieu by Philippe de Champaigne.","That painting was intended as a guide for Bernini to create a bust of this man, an equestrian depiction of whom resembles Rubens' portrait of the Duke of Lerma.","A painting of this man shows him flanked by a shield with his coat of arms on the left and Pierre Antoine Bourdin, the titular Seigneur de Saint Antoine, on the right,","as this man passes through an arch on horseback.","This ruler's head is shown from three different angles in one portrait, while in another, his attendants tend to his horse while he leans on a staff during a break from hunting.","For 10 points, name this king who was depicted many times by his court painter Anthony van Dyck."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738adf.json b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738adf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6d8749d25c907f19a4dadbc1d5d59a5aa38065a5
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+++ b/tossups/df/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738adf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.2],[6.32,13.88],[14.0,22.04],[22.16,25.88],[26.0,34.12],[34.24,44.8]],"texts":["The outbreak of this conflict was spurred by correspondence called the Letters from the Segovia Woods, which refused to abolish heresy ordinances.","That correspondence led to the Compromise of Nobles, which attempted to avert this conflict by presenting a petition to moderate placards posted in various cities.","This conflict, which was interrupted by the Twelve Years Truce, is often said to have begun with an action called the Beeldenstorm during which a number of convents were ransacked.","The leader of one side was assassinated by Balthasar Gerard at dinner.","Just prior to outbreak of this war, two other leaders on that side, the Count of Horn and the Count of Egmont, were indicted and executed by the Council of Blood.","For 10 points, name this conflict in which William the Silent led a revolt of the Seventeen Provinces against the rule of Philip II of Spain, named because it lasted from 1568 to 1648."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df3ddba2602b93e04081df.json b/tossups/df/62df3ddba2602b93e04081df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5056f7f7570ab79db1fb26ffbbc12e0fd62a72b8
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+++ b/tossups/df/62df3ddba2602b93e04081df.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.76],[8.88,10.56],[10.68,15.32],[15.44,24.76],[24.88,32.48],[32.6,41.76]],"texts":["He was voted out of his country's parliament for anti-war activities that included founding the Union of Democratic control and later the right-wing press printed a copy of his birth certificate,","showing his illegitimate birth.","He returned to parliament four years later and defeated J.R. Clynes for his party's leadership.","He ended his political career as Lord President of the Council for two years, in political isolation as a result of making a power-sharing pact with the Conservatives four years prior.","Winston Churchill gave him the nickname \"boneless wonder\" and in 1906 he made a pact with Gladstone's Liberals that bore fruit nearly two decades later.","For 10 points, name this man who was twice succeeded by Stanley Baldwin, and who in 1924 and 1929 he became British Prime Minister, the first Laborite to do so."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df7ca243aee49db2f768df.json b/tossups/df/62df7ca243aee49db2f768df.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62df7ca243aee49db2f768df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,11.68],[11.8,17.12],[17.24,26.48],[26.6,33.88],[34.0,39.56]],"texts":["Hirofumi Uzawa proved that for a specific model of this phenomenon to hold, technology must be Harrod neutral, or labor augmenting.","The AK model of it violates one of the \"stylized facts\" summarized by Nicholas Kaldor.","Oded Galor's unified theory of this phenomenon seeks to explain how humans escaped the Malthusian trap.","Thomas Piketty argued the return to capital is almost always greater than the rate of this phenomenon in Capital in the 21st Century, leading to stored wealth increasing relative to national income.","The savings rate is taken as fixed in an exogenous model of this, and that model also predicts eventual convergence of this phenomenon's rate.","For 10 points, name this phenomenon modeled by Robert Solow, the increasing economic output over time."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1df.json b/tossups/df/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1df.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/df/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.28],[5.4,11.72],[11.84,19.4],[19.52,24.88],[25.0,27.44]],"texts":["A highly endangered species of crocodile is restricted to the basin of this river as well as that of the Meta River.","Tributaries of this river include the Caura, the Atabapo, and the Apure, as well as the Arauca.","Another tributary of this river joins it near a waterfall whose name is Spanish for \"drizzle.\" That tributary, whose source is in the Guiana Highlands, is the Caroni River.","The Casiquiare Canal connects this river to the Rio Negro, thus connecting it to the Amazon system.","For 10 points, name this river of Venezuela."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/df/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1df.opus b/tossups/df/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1df.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/df/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1df.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/df/62df83920c3a38102cd756df.json b/tossups/df/62df83920c3a38102cd756df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2799451f8a073ef0488e89f35531ebdde2f8b591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62df83920c3a38102cd756df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.16],[4.28,12.08],[12.2,19.88],[20.0,28.04],[28.16,33.04]],"texts":["This god failed to burn a boy and his reed after boastfully claiming he could engulf everything.","This deity's mount had the ability to separate mixtures of milk and water, and he himself was said to have developed five heads by gazing at Shatarupa.","When enlisted to partake in the yajna fire-sacrifice, this deity was too entranced by the music-playing of his wife to notice Bhrigu, who cursed him to never be worshiped.","This creator of the progenitor prajapatis took a second consort named Gayatri, rode the swan Hamsa, and emerged from a lotus in the naval of Vishnu.","For 10 points, name this husband of Saraswati, the creator god of the Hindu Trimurti."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df83920c3a38102cd759df.json b/tossups/df/62df83920c3a38102cd759df.json
new file mode 100644
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,14.0],[14.12,24.92],[25.04,30.6],[30.72,36.8],[36.92,42.04]],"texts":["In one of this author's plays, the protagonist calls himself a \"poet and poltroon, poltroon and poet\" and quotes Shelley's line \"Ah me!","Alas, pain, pain ever, for ever!\" after learning that soldiers killed a woman who bravely hid Mister Maguire's bag of bombs.","Another play by this author ends with a character asserting that \"the world's in a terrible state of chassis!\" This author wrote a play in which Minnie Powell sacrifices herself to protect the cowardly poet Donal Davoren,","as well as a play about a family that becomes unable to collect a legacy because of the incompetence of Charles Bentham.","In that play by this author, Joxer Daly constantly drinks with Captain Boyle, the strutting husband of the first title character.","For 10 points, name this Irish playwright of The Shadow of a Gunman and Juno and the Paycock."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377df.json b/tossups/df/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5a197a9a1fb55409416a68ba58ad4b1ad20633d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.6],[3.72,7.08],[7.2,10.04],[10.16,13.36],[13.48,16.08],[16.2,21.64],[21.76,25.16],[25.28,28.24],[28.36,34.4]],"texts":["A type of ophiolite is named after a \"supra\" form of these regions.","One part of these regions can undergo tearing known as STEP faults.","They consist of an updip zone and a seismogenic zone.","Accretionary prisms are formed on one part of these regions.","Nankai and Cascadia are two notable ones.","Although not island arcs, one area associated with them can be affected by \"roll-back\" and is a back arc.","Earthquakes can occur deep in them in areas called Benioff zones.","The primary driving force behind these regions is slab pull.","For 10 points, name these regions in which an oceanic plate is driven under a continental plate at a convergent margin."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62df8ab610329be735a33fdf.json b/tossups/df/62df8ab610329be735a33fdf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db6dbec69d89aaec275162fbef5c4b6dcccc6240
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62df8ab610329be735a33fdf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,14.8],[14.92,19.52],[19.64,24.84],[24.96,32.84],[32.96,38.8]],"texts":["In the MK system, this type of star corresponds to class V. An important characteristic that defines these stars is chemical homogeneity.","One way to determine the distance to a cluster is to vertically fit these type of stars on a CMD, which gives one the distance modulus.","The age of a cluster can be determined by the age of this type of star at the turnoff point.","\"Zero age\" is the point at which a star evolves from a protostar into this type of star.","On a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, stars on this track proceed along the diagonal from bottom right to top left in the area of highest density.","For 10 points, given this term for stars that obtain their energy by fusing hydrogen to create helium in their core."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fdf.json b/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fdf.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..42072ec505208040b08f6844344c97461d72060b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fdf.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,12.68],[12.8,17.28],[17.4,24.36],[24.48,27.76],[27.88,32.88],[33.0,37.8],[37.92,41.44]],"texts":["Using Lindemann's criterion to calculate this quantity gives a value proportional to the atomic spacing squared times the Debye frequency squared.","For nanoparticles or small crystals, this property is dependent on size, per the Gibbs-Thomson equation.","This property is higher for neopentane than for n-pentane or isopentane.","When measuring this value, which can be done with a Thiele tube or a Fisher-Johns apparatus, more impure compounds will exhibit a larger range.","A mixture with the lowest possible value for this measure is eutectic.","For a solution, the depression of this value upon increase in concentration is a colligative property.","For gallium, it's slightly above room temperature and for water it is 0 degrees Celsius.","For 10 points, name this temperature at which solids become liquid."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960df.json b/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cd2b247cd1651026cbd6e64e368941473157e1ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,14.84],[14.96,25.28],[25.4,35.72],[35.84,41.64]],"texts":["In one of these poems by this author, the speaker tells three ghostly figures \"in placid sandals,","and in white robes\" on the third time they pass by that they \"cannot raise his head cool-bedded in the flowery grass.\" Those three figures in that poem of this type are Love, Ambition, and Poesy.","In another of these poems by this author, the speaker wishes to \"leave the world unseen,\" realizes that \"Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,\" and wonders if the title creature's music was \"a vision,","or a waking dream.\" In another of these poems by this man, the speaker observes an \"Attic shape\" depicting a procession and opines that \"beauty is truth, truth beauty.\" For 10 points,","name these poems written by a British Romantic about such subjects as indolence, a nightingale, and a Grecian urn."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961df.json b/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961df.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5beb5a4199c821e2da7863bf755f3a014438a3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/df/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961df.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,12.16],[12.28,21.88],[22.0,25.76],[25.88,33.0]],"texts":["Brentano understand the sensory variety of concept as taking its intention content to be the sensuous experience of sensory qualities.","Robert Nozick used the Experience Machine to argue that this concept is not the sole valuable experience.","This concept is the positive sovereign motive according to An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, which described a way to calculate how much of this arises from an action.","John Stuart Mill divided this concept into \"higher\" and \"lower\" forms.","Jeremy Bentham's utilitarianism sought to maximise, for 10 points, what concept which it is ethical to pursue according to hedonism?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1be8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1be8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cd21bf8b70a4f0dbd8b1139e975ef6eef7157fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1be8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,19.24],[19.36,23.0],[23.12,33.2],[33.32,38.4],[38.52,44.2]],"texts":["This poem describes a character \"Like some bold seer in a trance\" before that character's \"blood was frozen slowly.\" This poem tells of \"a song that echoes cheerly From the river winding clearly\" before describing \"a troop of damsels,\" \"An abbot on an ambling pad,\" and a \"long-hair'd page in crimson\" as some of the \"Shadows of the world\" that appear to a character who later declares,","\"I am half sick of shadows.\" A character in this poem says,","\"The curse is upon me,\" when her mirror cracks after she hears a man singing \"Tirra lirra;\" that man is described as having \"coal-black curls\" that \"From underneath his helmet flow'd.\" This poem ends with the line,","\"She has a lovely face; God in his mercy lend her grace,\" which is spoken by Sir Lancelot.","For 10 points, name this poem about a woman who weaves images of Camelot written by Alfred, Lord Tennyson."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1ce8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1ce8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbc649d385639e796a038b7bd9cb227bc9d165cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1ce8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.96],[5.08,9.4],[9.52,14.52],[14.64,22.36],[22.48,30.72],[30.84,36.52]],"texts":["This character wins the respect of a family by uncovering its prominent ancestor's cannibalism.","She stays at Patty's Place to study at Redmond College, for which she won the Avery Scholarship.","This character seeks to make friends with \"kindred spirits\" and she co-named Lover's Lane with Diana Barry,","one of her \"bosom friends.\" She spurns the apology of the boy who rescued her from a reenactment of Elaine's death because he had called her \"carrots\" at a school where she would later teach.","After reaching her \"Book of Revelation,\" this character agrees to marry Gilbert Blythe, whom she met shortly after Maria Cuthbert took her into her Avonlea home on Prince Edward Island.","For 10 points, name this red-haired, orphan girl, created by Lucy Maud Montgomery, who lives at Green Gables."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4de8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4de8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95450f0a60cd3bb4825b5b525cb98459e8175d53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4de8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,11.04],[11.16,16.84],[16.96,20.84],[20.96,31.08],[31.2,35.92]],"texts":["About 1000 paintings from a 20th-century art movement in this country were dug up thanks to tax investigations of the Gurlitt family.","Two portraits by an artist from this country show a laryngologist with a massive,","orb-like mirror behind him and a journalist named Sylvia wearing a monocle and smoking a cigarette in front of a cocktail glass.","The social elites of this country are depicted in the painting Pillars of Society.","Leading Expressionist painters from this country painted The Fate of the Animals and formed an art movement named \"The Bridge.\" One of its leaders was painted \"in hell\" by its native son George Grosz.","For 10 points, name this modern-day country where Degenerate Art was opposed by the Nazis."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57e8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..db53ec8301c63a12595cfdc67b84803f88100831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.16],[5.28,10.48],[10.6,16.96],[17.08,22.76],[22.88,27.96],[28.08,31.68],[31.8,38.16]],"texts":["This empire collapsed after its final ruler proposed to a powerful governor's daughter and was rebuffed.","Chancellor Bolad provided crucial source material for one history commissioned by one of this empire's rulers,","and this empire's ruling dynasty married into the Byzantine royal family through Michael VIII's daughter, Marina Palaiologina.","One ruler of this empire was baptized as Nicholas despite his father's conversion to Islam,","and Chupan was a critical power broker in the later years of this empire after the death of Rashid al-Din Hamadani.","This empire's founder's army lost the battle of Ain Jalut.","For ten points, name this Mongol successor state, ruled at times by Abu Sa'id, Oljeitu, Gazan, and Hulagu Khan."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87e8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..651d2c4dded915287fabacb671319cf941186c5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,14.16],[14.28,21.44],[21.56,26.76],[26.88,31.4],[31.52,37.68],[37.8,43.0]],"texts":["A work made of this material containing several \"admonitions\" addressed to the Lord of All is of interest to Biblical scholars for noting that a river is made of blood.","Karl Lepsius probably illegally acquired an object made of this material that depicts five stories of priests and magicians.","A fragmented object made of this material drew controversy in 2012 for claiming to depict Jesus' wife, but is likely a forgery.","Examples of this material used to record medical practices were collected by George Ebers and Edwin Smith.","A work made of this material called \"Westcar\" covers the reigns of Sneferu and Khufu.","This material was made of strips of Cyperus that may have been glued together, and generally preserved well in dry climes like Egypt.","For 10 points, name this ancient writing material, the name of which gives English its word \"paper.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4e8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad3416bf334dd120ed68d863e38bffdb2eae58d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,14.96],[15.08,24.8],[24.92,33.44],[33.56,37.8],[37.92,45.36]],"texts":["Deficiency of an inhibitor of these proteins causes early-onset panacinar emphysema in PiZZ homozygotes.","FBS-containing media is added to cells in suspension during splitting in order to block these proteins, which can also be blocked by a \"cocktail\" used to prepare lysates from cell culture.","In one of these proteins, a tetrahedral intermediate is stabilized by an \"oxyanion hole\" formed by the residues glycine-193 and serine-195.","That one of these enzymes also has a \"proton shuttle\" in which aspartate and histidine, members of the \"catalytic triad\", deprotonate a key serine residue.","These enzymes use nucleophilic residues to attack stable amide groups.","Chymotrypsin is an example of, for 10 points, what enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of proteins into their constituent amino acids?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5e8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0f577fb7f36461817fd5432a765a04d49cf3967d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,15.8],[15.92,18.56],[18.68,24.32],[24.44,28.68],[28.8,33.88],[34.0,39.76]],"texts":["A book titled for this adjective criticizes an \"inflationary metaphysics\" regarding statements about unobservable phenomena, and was written by Bas van Fraasen.","Proponents of an epistemic attitude described by this adjective often cite the rule of \"inference to the best explanation\" and Hilary Putnam's \"no miracles\" argument;","that theory is called this sort of \"realism\".","Another book contrasts the \"puzzle-solving\" of a \"normal\" process with the set of title events denoted by this adjective,","which are described as \"gestalt switches\" using the analogy of the duck-rabbit illusion.","The term \"paradigm shift\" was coined in that book on these sorts of \"revolutions\" by Thomas Kuhn.","For 10 points, give this adjective which denotes a method\" which tests theories via experimentation."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebe8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebe8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..49b6258d1e71e838c2fd4d7b4603bca4b4055a8b
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+++ b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebe8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,11.8],[11.92,15.56],[15.68,21.0],[21.12,27.0],[27.12,33.16],[33.28,39.0]],"texts":["One fish species in these places was found to have a circadian rhythm lasting 47 hours.","They're neither alive nor made of ice, but rings of structures that form in these locations can be used to form historical climate records.","These locations might contain flowstones composed of calcium carbonate.","Some of these landforms can be formed in igneous rocks when a hardened crust forms on top of a still-flowing lava channel.","Organisms living in these places might develop adaptations such as a lack of pigmentation or reduced eyesight.","The solutional types of these landforms form through the natural dissolution of rock and are common in regions of karst topography.","For 10 points, identify these landforms which might contain stalactites and stalagmites and include lava tubes."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aede8.json b/tossups/e8/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aede8.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.4],[8.52,15.44],[15.56,22.24],[22.36,30.6],[30.72,38.24]],"texts":["In 2016, this state's top public defender Michael Barrett assigned its Governor to serve as a public defender to retaliate against his repeated vetoes of increased funding.","This state names a method of judge selection in which a commission submits a list to a Governor, who chooses a judge who stands for election after one year.","A city in this state names an effect where increased police scrutiny leads to increased murder rates according to police chief Doyle Sam Dotson III.","Multiple activists in this state were found shot inside of burning cars in alleged suicides following an event whose protests were led by activists like Darren Seals;","those protests spawned the slogan \"Hands Up, Don't Shoot.\" For 10 points, Michael Brown was shot by Police Officer Darren Wilson in what state's city of Ferguson?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad678f38a3e803661d8ff248c24f23890f1d37e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.96],[9.08,16.8],[16.92,22.6],[22.72,26.24],[26.36,34.48],[34.6,38.52],[38.64,47.24],[47.36,54.12]],"texts":["Practitioners of this technique include Stephen Khamsi and Steven Witty, whose study of ten subjects in San Francisco found that it consists of seven stages ending in disengagement.","An extension to this technique called the \"four steps method,\" developed by J. Konrad Stettbacher, was praised by Alice Miller for addressing this practice's flaws.","The founder of this technique wrote that humans have three lines of consciousness, which leads to three levels of imprinting.","Tomas Videgard wrote a report on the success and failure of this technique,","which was described in books such as The Biology of Love and one subtitled \"Toward a Real World.\" It was first discovered on a patient known as Danny Wilson,","when he fell down to the floor and started convulsing while yelling out \"Mommy!","Daddy!\" This technique, now practiced at a namesake center in Santa Monica by its founder, attempts to force patients to find their \"real self\" by reliving childhood trauma.","For 10 points, name this technique of Arthur Janov, which cures neurosis by reducing people to a namesake basic level of existence."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388e8.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7388e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,9.6],[9.72,17.08],[17.2,22.76],[22.88,30.32],[30.44,34.28],[34.4,37.08],[37.2,44.0],[44.12,48.8]],"texts":["This quantity corresponds to a one-form in an effect which is due to the monodromy of the path taken by a particle.","The Proca Lagrangian has a term with a mass times the square of this quantity.","A field tensor usually denoted \"F mu nu\" is equal to \"d mu times this quantity sub nu\" minus \"d nu times this quantity sub mu\".","That covariant form of this quantity must be added to the QED Lagrangian to preserve gauge invariance.","This quantity at x equals mu over four pi times the integral over all space of the current density over x minus x prime d x prime.","This quantity's gauge transformation involves adding the gradient of a function.","Its divergence is zero in the Coulomb gauge.","The electric field has a term equal to minus this quantity's time derivative and a term equal to minus the gradient of a similar scalar quantity.","For 10 points, name this quantity whose curl gives the magnetic field, which is symbolized A."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ee8.json b/tossups/e8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ee8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b5d5068ccf82a82ffee0fa330d6c4d4f0051cca2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ee8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.68],[1.8,18.72],[18.84,26.4],[26.52,32.84],[32.96,43.64],[43.76,46.92]],"texts":["Its final chapter,","which cites to Burckhardt's Renaissance to make a point about the definition of \"success,\" begins by comparing Native American and Samoan approaches to deceit during warfare and is entitled \"Life Policy.\" Another section describes the history of the mimus and the marionette theater to argue that \"amusements\" \"lack all progress\" and need the constant control of educated judgment and will.","This work asserts that slavery originated with \"ill feelings towards a member of an out group\" but that it paradoxically taught members of society the value of work.","Chapter two defines certain entities and notes that they arose from recurrent needs that were unforeseen and went unnoticed for a long time.","First published in 1906, it advocated a study of society its author termed \"ethology\" and focused on the relationship between the titular non-coercive customs and their more binding analogues: Mores.","For 10 points, identify this work by William Graham Sumner."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df7ca243aee49db2f768e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df7ca243aee49db2f768e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..99c512f4794c433611136dde6e60274733653632
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62df7ca243aee49db2f768e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,12.92],[13.04,20.52],[20.64,30.44],[30.56,37.36],[37.48,42.44]],"texts":["This is the occupation held by a man who sends servants to the house of Simon the tanner in Joppa.","A man in this position states \"I do not deserve to have you come under my roof\" and explains that he says \"Do this\" to his obedient servant.","In Matthew 8, Jesus heals the servant of one of these men in Capernaum, saying there is no one in Israel with such great faith as that man.","After seeing a vision of a sheet being lowered from Heaven containing \"unclean\" animals, Peter meets one of these men named Cornelius, which symbolically opens up the Gospel to the Gentiles.","According to the Gospel of a Mark, a man in this position says \"Surely this man was the son of God!\" after seeing how Jesus died.","For 10 points, name this occupation which is held by various Roman military men in the New Testament."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df7ca243aee49db2f769e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df7ca243aee49db2f769e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4cde51680e2442e2fb74990464390ba0eac25948
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62df7ca243aee49db2f769e8.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,11.52],[11.64,15.0],[15.12,20.56],[20.68,27.68],[27.8,36.6]],"texts":["This country's \"New Wave\" was inspired by a documentary short about a leper colony called This House is Black.","A director from this country won a Palme d'Or for depicting a man who searches for others to bury him after his suicide in A Taste of Cherry.","The immigrant family in House of Sand and Fog is from this country.","The first film from this country to win a Best Foreign Language Film Oscar was 2011's A Separation.","This home country of Abbas Kiarostami and Asghar Farhadi is also depicted in a French film in which Marji's uncle Anoosh is released from prison.","For 10 points, name this country with strict censorship on foreign films that was depicted in a black-and-white animated film adapted from Marjane Satrapi's graphic novel Persepolis."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfe8.json b/tossups/e8/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfe8.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/e8/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfe8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.36],[9.48,19.12],[19.24,28.76],[28.88,31.24],[31.36,39.52]],"texts":["One application of this law is assessing the purity of a DNA sample after a phenol-chloroform extraction by measuring the 260 to 280 ratio, and both the Bradford and Lowry assays make use of this law.","Sample turbidity and the use of polychromatic radiation make this law inapplicable, and one term in this law is expressed in molarity over centimeters and is known as the extinction coefficient.","This law states that the log of a light's initial intensity over its measured intensity is equal to the concentration of a species multiplied by the distance traveled by the light times its absorptivity,","and is commonly used in spectrophotometers.","For 10 points, name this law of chemistry sometimes named for Lambert and Bouger that can be used to find the absorbance or transmittance of a solution."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3b399ad716d10d21e6706aa2a06ecfcbe72755ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,15.68],[15.8,18.84],[18.96,27.76],[27.88,32.72]],"texts":["This thinker called the gratification of emotions \"affectivity\" which he contrasted with \"neutrality\" in his discussion of \"pattern variables.\" His students Wilbert Moore and Kingsley Davis expanded his educational theories about people finding the appropriate job in society to create the theory of role allocation.","He outlined adaptation, goal attainment, integration,","and latency as the four components of his \"AGIL\" paradigm and his best-known work offers a \"voluntaristic\" methodology to define the \"unit act.\"For 10 points,","name this Harvard sociologist who pioneered his action theory in The Structure of Social Action."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.48],[8.6,12.24],[12.36,16.68],[16.8,24.44],[24.56,31.32]],"texts":["The first act of this play is set in a building on Half-Moon Street, where one character notes that the \"truth is rarely pure and never simple.\" In Tom Stoppard's Travesties,","the diplomat Henry Carr remembers acting in a Zurich production of this play.","In it, tension rises when one character produces a cigarette case engraved by Cecily.","Miss Prism's revelation that she had left a baby in a handbag at Victoria station causes Jack to realize that he is the brother of Algernon Moncrieff in this play.","For 10 points, name this play whose title is a pun on a name's similarity to a word meaning \"sincere,\" a work by Oscar Wilde."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df83920c3a38102cd756e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df83920c3a38102cd756e8.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.48],[9.6,18.6],[18.72,25.72],[25.84,29.52],[29.64,36.76]],"texts":["This mathematician proved the product sum identity for a real-number analogue of the Riemann zeta function and used its divergence at a value of one to show that there are infinitely many primes.","As n goes to infinity, the difference between the nth harmonic number and the natural log of n goes to a constant of which he is the first namesake and that is symbolized gamma.","For a polyhedron, the number of vertices minus number of edges plus number of faces is equal to his namesake characteristic, chi.","He inaugurated graph theory by solving the Seven Bridges of Konigsberg problem.","For 10 points, name this prolific mathematician who discovered a constant equal to about 2.718, the usual symbol for which is his last initial."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df83920c3a38102cd757e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df83920c3a38102cd757e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..429d1ac714628a43cbc9fd35a09c1352804694e8
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,37.36],[37.48,39.76],[39.88,44.0]],"texts":["This author described a person whose \"malady of sacrilegious mirth spread gay contagion with each clever breath\" in a poem which tells the title character to \"play the straight man for a term And tolerate the humor of the worm.\" This author wrote about a newborn baby whose \"clear vowels rise like balloons\" in a poem beginning \"Love set you going like a fat gold watch.\" This author of \"Dirge for a Joker\" and \"Morning Song\" wrote a poem whose speaker warns \"Herr God\" and \"Herr Lucifer\" to \"Beware Beware\" because the speaker will rise \"out of the ash\" with her \"red hair\" and \"eat men like air.\" This poet wrote \"Every woman adores a Fascist\" in a poem whose speaker imagines a stake in the \"fat black heart\" of the title character,","who may be this poet's husband Ted Hughes.","For 10 points, name this author of the poems \"Lady Larazus\" and \"Daddy.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377e8.json b/tossups/e8/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377e8.json
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.0],[11.12,20.76],[20.88,29.28]],"texts":["An action of this poem's subject is compared to how \"a skate's heel sweeps smooth on a bow-bend.\"The speaker of this poem recalls how \"my heart in hiding stirred\" for the title figure before ambiguously exclaiming,","\"the achieve of, the mastery of the thing!\" This poem concludes by noting how \"blue-bleak embers...fall, gall themselves, and gash gold-vermilion,\" and it begins by stating,","\"I caught this morning morning's minion,\" a \"dapple-dawn-drawn Falcon.\" For 10 points, name this sonnet dedicated \"To Christ our Lord\" by Gerard Manley Hopkins."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.48],[3.6,8.96],[9.08,13.64],[13.76,16.6],[16.72,21.04],[21.16,25.16],[25.28,31.44]],"texts":["In the Poetic Edda, Attila partakes in this activity before dying.","A group of Arcadian shepherds of the oak cult uniquely performed this activity to honor Zeus Lycaeus.","Atreus punished his brother for sleeping with Aerope by tricking that brother, Thyestes, into doing this.","Humans turn into Wendigos by participating in this activity.","In order to get revenge on Tereus, Procne tricks him into partaking in this activity.","This activity is performed by Antiphates and his underlings, the Laestrygonians.","For 10 points, name this action that Tantalus tried to trick the gods of Olympus into performing when he served them his son, Pelops."]}
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.8],[3.92,8.0],[8.12,13.44],[13.56,19.04],[19.16,29.84],[29.96,33.16]],"texts":["A series of four books on this organization has been written James Bamford.","Ronald Pelton, an employee of this organization, was sent to jail in 1986.","In front of the House of Commons, William Hague defending the collaboration between this organization and GCHQ.","In March 2013, James Clapper lied in response to Ron Wyden's questions about this organization.","The head of this agency, Keith Alexander, has claimed that its measures prevented \"dozens of attacks.\" For 10 points, name this government agency whose PRISM program was exposed by Edward Snowden,","a whistleblower who took issue with its surveillance of American citizens."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ce8.json b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ce8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7b68e2ead0b96182927faef1acf37ad10c8797f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ce8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,15.96],[16.08,22.64],[22.76,28.8],[28.92,33.92],[34.04,39.44],[39.56,45.56]],"texts":["One astronomical mission designed to explicitly study this regime, ROSAT, suggested that Geminga was responsible for the gas in the Local Cavity's activity in this regime.","In 2003, a satellite provided strong evidence that magnetars are anomalous slow-rotation pulsars which are optically active in this regime.","Paraboloid and hyperboloid surfaces coated with gold and iridium are used to account for the \"grazing incidence\" when studying this regime.","A satellite that provides images of this regime produced the first image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A,","and the first discovered binary that is luminous in this region of the spectrum was found in Scorpius.","Observational telescopes that study this radiation include XMM-NEWTON and NASA's Chandra.","For 10 points, name this portion of the EM spectrum that has a higher frequency than UV rays, and lower frequency than gamma rays."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95de8.json b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95de8.json
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95f2a7bb6019eaf570823ed9f1eee929673da6af
--- /dev/null
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.68],[4.8,12.76],[12.88,18.24],[18.36,25.12],[25.24,29.8],[29.92,36.96],[37.08,41.6]],"texts":["A son of this man fought alongside Leonteus during the Trojan War and buried Calchas in Colophon.","One story claimed that this man was killed by a dog with the unoriginal name of \"Cerberus\" while attempting to gain access to Cora, the daughter of the Molossian king Aedoneus.","This father of Polypoetes is mocked by Lelex for objecting to a story told by Achelous in the Metamorphoses.","After driving a herd of cattle out of Marathon, he befriended their owner, and aided that man in his attempt to abduct a 13-year-old princess.","This character's wedding to Hippodamia was the occasion for the brawl between the Centaurs and his people.","Heracles was unable to rescue this man from the stone in the underworld where he and a companion became stuck while this man was trying to abduct Persephone.","For 10 points, name this Lapith king, a longtime companion of Theseus."]}
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.32],[8.44,12.2],[12.32,21.0],[21.12,33.4],[33.52,38.2],[38.32,43.12]],"texts":["This opera begins with the cellos playing the half notes D-A-G-A. A 1946 recording of this opera, often considered to be definitive,","features Jacques Jansen and Irene Joachim conducted by Roger Desormiere.","The third act of this opera begins with the female protagonist singing \"Mes longs cheveux descendent,\" after which the male protagonist ties her hair to a willow tree.","The opening line of this opera's female protagonist is the repeated \"Ne me touchez pas!\" That character in this opera claims to have lost her wedding ring while gathering shells with a child who later tries to lift a boulder to get his golden ball.","This opera ends with the second title character dying after being wounded by Arkel's grandson, Golaud.","For 10 points, name this opera based on a Maurice Maeterlinck play, by Claude Debussy."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fe8.json b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fe8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..19eae72b60199aeded4dc6dcd3aef5812c23ab00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fe8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,15.68],[15.8,24.2],[24.32,31.24],[31.36,38.72]],"texts":["One of this author's plays starts in a post office which blames delays on the rain, though in reality an employee is embezzling their money shipments.","He wrote a scene in which a man under a porch communicates with a woman sitting above it by pressing her foot to his throat, in a work that features a pine tree and a palm growing from the same shoot.","This author of The Courier for Hell also wrote a work whose title is a metaphor for buying out a courtesan's contract and which focuses heavily on New Years' traditions.","This author of The Uprooted Pine wrote of Tokubei and Ohatsu, who go to the Wood of Tenjin to die after finding out they cannot be together.","For 10 points, name this prominent creator of bunraku puppet theater, the Japanese playwright of The Love Suicides at Sonezaki."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960e8.json b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960e8.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..425bba558b39f089b3841e27cdeba7d11e728f08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/e8/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960e8.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,13.76],[13.88,18.2],[18.32,26.44],[26.56,32.32],[32.44,37.84]],"texts":["Pius II wrote how one commander in this conflict ordered women to spread their veils on the ground so that they would catch the enemies' spurs.","The banner of one faction in this war featured a red chalice over black, while another group in this war called themselves \"Orphans\" after their general's death.","Polish troops in this war were led by the nephew of Jagiello, Sigismund Korybut.","Raids called \"beautiful rides\" were conducted by Prokop the Great in this conflict, which ended at the Battle of Lipany where the Utraquists defeated the Taborites.","At this war's Battle of Vitkov Hill, Jan Zizka used circles of wagons to defend Prague against Emperor Sigismund.","For 10 points, name this conflict named for the followers of a Czech reformer who was executed at the Council of Constance."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7421e312fcfc29cfa9504e2da746faf7343f76c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,11.0],[11.12,20.16],[20.28,24.24],[24.36,31.08],[31.2,36.52],[36.64,44.24]],"texts":["One protein encoded by this system also controls the AroH, Arol, and mtr clusters.","One mutation in this system in S. typhimurium allows the use of anthralinic acid as a growth factor.","In some species, one part of this system requires the MtrB-encoded TRAP protein, whose 11 subunits bind to a series of G slash U A G repeats.","This system is activated by the formation of a certain 2-3 hairpin.","This structure's regulatory region encodes a leader peptide that cannot be synthesized if the product of this system is unavailable,","resulting in the formation of a 3-4 hairpin that stops transcription of structural genes A through E. For 10 points,","name this cluster of repressible and attenuable genes that controls the synthesis of an aromatic amino acid symbolized W."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ecbd3e75b06c83e3acd29e3ce8f724e2ad041aca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1cea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.04],[7.16,15.64],[15.76,24.04],[24.16,33.32],[33.44,40.04]],"texts":["One theologian from this country wrote an apocryphal history in which the crucifixion of Jesus took place during the life of Alexander the Great, called the Alexandreis.","One theologian that held a university post in this country was known as Doctor Irrefragibilis and standardized the use of Peter Lombard's Sentences by dividing it into distinctions.","Another theologian based here is the patron of beekeepers and heavily influenced an order that returned to strict Benedictine rule; that order, founded in this country, was the Cistercians.","Another writer from this country attacked the casuistry of the Jesuits and supported Jansenism in his Provincial Letters.For 10 points, name this country, the home of Walter of Chatillon,","Alexander of Hales, Bernard of Clairvaux and a writer who set up a namesake \"wager\" for believing in God, Blaise Pascal."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4dea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4dea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8d75527b254c8eaf188f8c0f6f4eda4905b95ffb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4dea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.4],[6.52,15.4],[15.52,19.44],[19.56,23.56],[23.68,31.6],[31.72,36.28]],"texts":["A travelog of journeys across this geographic feature was written by Heinrich Barth, who studied the Girgam, a record of a kingdom located here.","The writings of a diplomat named Leo indicate that, in the 13th to 15th centuries, commerce across this non-aquatic feature started to center more on Walata than Aoudaghost.","Another entrepot for trade across this feature was found at Sijilmasa.","The empire of Kanem-Bornu was near the center of this geographic feature.","Castrated male slaves traveled north across this geographic feature from cities like Gao, which were found in the sahel zone just south of it dominated by the Songhai empire.","For 10 points, merchants traded gold and salt across what desert between Morocco and Mali?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57ea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b12ae9f6eadef10fc448319d01161881ffc89e96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.84],[5.96,9.28],[9.4,16.6],[16.72,23.72],[23.84,31.28],[31.4,36.76]],"texts":["Thomas Dillehay had a group of critics flown in from the US to Chile to investigate his proposal of a site that predated this.","Another such proposal is based on nine turds found in a cave.","Another site claimed to predate this one based is named for Debra L. Friedkin, and a migration predating the one that produced this site may have arrived by boat.","This site that this theory is named for was not excavated for three years after its discovery by a Native American teenager.","Evidence for the theory that this site's namesake culture was not the first in the Americas has come from Buttermilk Creek, Paisley Caves, and Meadowcroft.","For ten points, name this site in New Mexico widely believed to mark the first arrival of humans in the Americas."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87ea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ca52fcd89e065c261ef86a6c32d79c993861fa79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.76],[5.88,12.72],[12.84,22.08],[22.2,32.72],[32.84,39.68],[39.8,46.0]],"texts":["This poem's speaker cannot remember if he made plans with Phyllis \"who had two dimples in her cheeks,\" on Christopher Street ten years ago.","The speaker of this poem tells its addressee that he has forgotten her name and goes on to list possible names, including \"Melusina, Laura, Isabel,","Persephone,\" and \"Mary.\" The epigraph to this poem quotes the opening lines of Gerard de Nerval's poem \"Artemis.\" An abruptly short line in this poem consists only of the words \"Madrid,","1937.\" This poem frequently repeats variations of the line \"I go amongst your body as among the world\" and it begins and ends with the same six lines, which reference a river that \"doubles back,","and comes full circle.\" Its 584 lines are meant to mirror the number of days in Venus's synodic orbit.","For 10 points, name this poem which begins describing a \"willow of crystal, a poplar of water,\" written by Octavio Paz."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4ea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bbec0486a80b6417f6ef51ee1623b1d546924638
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae4ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.76],[8.88,15.56],[15.68,18.64],[18.76,29.0],[29.12,36.16],[36.28,40.6]],"texts":["It is disputed whether this social scientist offered to dedicate his magnum opus to Charles Darwin, whom this man praised for eliminating the last surviving \"aspect of teleology\".","An economic treatise by this thinker borrows a definition of man as a being who \"treats himself as a universal,\" or a \"species-being\".","David Riazanov edited that treatise by this thinker,","which uses Adam Smith's example of Shetland kelp to define rent as an excess above the \"socially necessary\" value of labor-time and heavily draws on a different author's The Essence of Christianity.","In this thinker's Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, he described the \"alienation\" of workers by contemporary modes of production.","For 10 points, name this thinker who wrote the Communist Manifesto with Friedrich Engels."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5ea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e83106fc0360ab699845bb3c4d7f92825e9e1929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae5ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.64],[7.76,14.24],[14.36,21.64],[21.76,29.0],[29.12,36.52],[36.64,41.92]],"texts":["This substance titles a poem which calls Jesus the \"starved man hung upon the cross\" and describes it as \"dark as the world of man\" after the Blitz.","Another poem titled for this substance says \"Not one would mind, neither bird nor tree If mankind perished utterly\".","In a third poem, this non-electric substance arrives near Himavant after a cock crows \"Co co rico\" in mountains where \"there is not even silence\".","In a story, a poem titled for this substance is read to Missus McClellan by a house before it catches fire on August 5, 2026.","This substance titles the best-known poem of Sara Teasdale, which inspired a story set after a nuclear apocalypse by Ray Bradbury, titled for \"soft\" ones.","For 10 points, T. S. Eliot's The Waste Land says that April breeds \"dull roots\" with what wet substance?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fbe64863a2c5d654534d899e87fbb2b8eae13aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.72],[4.84,10.12],[10.24,16.72],[16.84,20.92],[21.04,24.92],[25.04,29.6],[29.72,36.84]],"texts":["This deity decapitates a crocodile to save an elephant named Gajendra after it prayed to him.","This deity gave the sage Narada the face of a monkey, causing a princess to reject Narada's proposition.","In Book 6 of the Bhagavata Purana, Ajamila reaches Vaikuntha after uttering the syllables of one of the names of this deity before death.","This deity takes the form of the boar Varahato save Bhumi from Hiranyaksha.","Ranganatha is a form of this deity depicted reclining on the serpent Shesha.","Using the Sudarshana Chakra, this deity beheaded Shishupala when in the form of Krishna.","For 10 points, name this preserver god in Hinduism with ten Avatars, identified as the supreme being in Vaishnavism."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedea.json b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d89fbc979cd3793ae2297592915453abcda7480f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.4],[5.52,10.4],[10.52,14.84],[14.96,21.24],[21.36,27.96],[28.08,30.44],[30.56,38.04]],"texts":["In a system displaying this phenomenon, the total energy scales with the hyperbolic tangent of a constant over temperature.","That system exhibiting this phenomenon has negative temperature when the internal energy is positive.","A weak form of this occurs when electrons can be modeled as a Fermi gas and is named for Pauli.","This phenomenon is present above the Neel temperature and above the Curie temperature, and Curie's law models this phenomenon.","A parameter symbolized chi is positive for materials exhibiting this phenomenon, examples of which include liquid oxygen.","It is usually caused by unpaired electrons.","For 10 points, identify this form of magnetism in which a material aligns with an applied magnetic field but does not remain magnetized."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..88d875e9eb13ce0730a0933950de21db910a3eac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,14.56],[14.68,20.6],[20.72,28.56],[28.68,39.8],[39.92,45.44]],"texts":["Charles Lohr catalogued 298 separate commentaries on this text that were published during the Middle Ages, including John of Jandun's Questions,","which discusses if \"accidents\" could induce \"degeneration.\" Nicole Oresme was made the Bishop of Lisieux for translating this text for King Charles V,","and his translation includes an \"analytical table of contents\" to call attention to \"many things worthy of note\" in this book.","Its fourth and final section begins by noting that \"heavy\" bodies move naturally toward their center, while \"light\" ones move naturally away from it.","This book posits a substance that is neither subject to \"generation nor corruption\" that exists beyond the \"sublunary sphere\" to explain the motions of the \"most perfect realities.\" For 10 points,","name this cosmological treatise which posits a fifth element called \"aether,\" a book written by Aristotle."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eea.json b/tossups/ea/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b49c3b8923bd14955db63dbeba9023dd205ca072
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.96],[8.08,15.24],[15.36,24.08],[24.2,32.32],[32.44,42.56]],"texts":["Early in this work, a salesman arrives with a copy of the Arabian Nights for his cousin, the protagonist, and a new greyhound for his nephew, the protagonist's son.","Another section describes a Madam's Yorkshire upbringing and the death of her brother in Canada, before the scene shifts to the boudoir of a Polish whore named Louise.","In Chapter 9 a young woman with black teeth performs the song \"Snow,\" which reminds the main character of the first time he \"worshipped a woman,\" a feeling he no longer has for his own wife.","The next chapter sees the protagonist accompany his father-in-law and O-hisa to see Morning Glory Diary, one of many puppet plays attended over the course of this novel.","A letter from Takanatsu reveals that Hiroshi knows about his mother's infidelity with Aso and the coming dissolution of Misako and Kaname's marriage in, for 10 points, what work by Junichiro Tanizaki."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fea.json b/tossups/ea/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6e8ec9935c3d0a2747cc11d33afa91e6cd1b3a5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,20.68],[20.8,31.16],[31.28,39.6],[39.72,45.8]],"texts":["A speaker in one of this author's works predicts that \"You shall be true to them who are false to you.\" In addition to \"The Indifferent,\" this author penned a work that compares the bravery of passion to that of the nine worthies in \"The Undertaking.\" This author responded to Marlowe's Passionate Shepherd to His Love with \"The Bait,\" and celebrated \"full nakedness\" in an Elegy subtitled \"To His Mistress Going to Bed.\" He wrote a set of five Satires,","as well as two poems on the death of his patron, Robert Drury's daughter: the Anniversaries, one of which includes the oft anthologized \"An Anatomy of the World.\" A 1633 collection by this man,","the Songs and Sonnets, included a work that compared a pair of souls to \"stiff twin compasses.\" For 10 points, name this author of the line \"Death,","be not proud,\" a Metaphysical poet whose works include the Holy Sonnets and \"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a710177cdc67580615d0e5aec88c5038efacbcd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.0],[8.12,15.64],[15.76,21.88],[22.0,26.68],[26.8,32.2]],"texts":["This man wrote an original Greek-style tragedy which opens as the ghost of Tantalus speaks to a Fury and involves the title member of the house of Atreus eating his children.","He also wrote a satire in which Heracles defends a stuttering man in a trial before the gods, though that emperor is sentenced to play dice forever with a bottomless cup.","This author of Thyestes and The Pumpkinification of Claudius killed himself in the same year as Petronius and Lucan,","after his student accused him of a role in the Pisonian conspiracy against the emperor's life.","For 10 points, name this Stoic philosopher who served as tutor and literary advisor to the emperor Nero."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ea.opus b/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ea.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f769ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df7ca243aee49db2f769ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..467c458fe9d273af95869d1d853b13639a7b0619
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.04],[9.16,13.72],[13.84,20.24],[20.36,24.32],[24.44,28.92],[29.04,33.28],[33.4,38.48]],"texts":["These people wore a hat that resembled a beret called the \"boina,\" and they were separated into subgroups including the \"rastreador,\" who traces paths, and \"cantor,\" who was a troubadour.","This people used silver straws and carried an elaborately decorated utility knife called a facon.","In the 1800s, Martin Miguel de Guemes, the Governor of Salta Province, formed an army of these people to fight royalists.","An example of their literature is Jose Hernandez's epic poem Martin Fierro.","These people typically use bolas and wear ponchos, which can also be used as saddle blankets.","They work as hunters and as cattle herders on ranches called estancias.","For 10 points, name this South American cowboy primarily found in the pampas or Patagonia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfea.json b/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0747bc022d8ed454051cfcb55c60d2f71d2ab1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.6],[8.72,14.48],[14.6,21.52],[21.64,29.12],[29.24,35.2]],"texts":["The protagonist of one of this author's novels asks her admirer to search for her fictitious childhood friend, Enola Gay, who gave birth to \"Little Boy\" after being raped.","In that work, the mediocre author Samson Young watches as Nicola Six tries to become the \"murderee\" of her former suitor, Keith.","In another of his novels, subtitled \"A Suicide Note,\" the hedonistic Brit John Self is conned into moving to New York to work on a nonexistent film.","Another of his novels follows Doctor Tod Friendly, who is revealed to have been the Nazi doctor Odilo Undverdorben, and is told in reverse chronology.","For 10 points, name this author of London Fields, Money, and Time's Arrow, whose father wrote Lucky Jim."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3c52bd2edf5c882a377b43ef31d79960afd784e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571d1ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.72],[5.84,10.44],[10.56,16.44],[16.56,21.4],[21.52,30.0],[30.12,33.96],[34.08,37.4]],"texts":["One of these is given by the gyromagnetic ratio times the angular momentum vector crossed with the magnetic field;","that form of this phenomenon can cause the precession of the magnetic moment at the Larmor frequency.","A set of \"planetary\" gears, beginning with a \"sun\" gear, comprise a device that acts as a \"multiplier\" of this quantity.","When two applied force vectors oppose one another, they form a couple and their moment is known as this term.","Power is the dot product of angular velocity at this quantity A second condition of static equilibrium is that in addition to force, the sum of these terms must be zero.","This term is computed by taking the cross product of lever arm and force.","For 10 points, identify this rotational analog of force."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..95b42d097ea9f8b08414c97200ed386cdece3d24
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,11.24],[11.36,14.52],[14.64,22.92],[23.04,28.76]],"texts":["The sura \"The City of Saba\" describes one building in this city as having cauldrons and arches put in place by djinns.","This city was once the home of \"the farthest mosque,\" which was travelled to on the horse Buraq.","Before the choice of Mecca, this city was faced towards while praying.","This waypoint on the Night Journey is where the Well of Souls is found under the Dome of the Rock; this city is also home to the al-Aqsa mosque, built on the Temple Mount.","For 10 points, identify this city which, behind Mecca and Medina, is often called the \"third holiest\" in Islam."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df83920c3a38102cd757ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df83920c3a38102cd757ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..05e179e4a066ec74c2a98028885d8093b671656e
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+++ b/tossups/ea/62df83920c3a38102cd757ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.96],[7.08,8.84],[8.96,26.36],[26.48,32.04]],"texts":["Art Blakey remembered this musician breaking dozens of glasses his band members had drank from in a segregated club, sarcastically calling them contaminated.","After leaving Jay McShann's band,","he used the chords from Ray Noble's \"Cherokee\" to write his \"Ko-Ko.\" This musician recorded his composition \"Billie's Bounce\" with a group known as his \"Re-Boppers.\" This man found his greatest commercial success by recording songs like \"Summertime\" on a namesake album \"with strings,\" and composed the standards \"Anthropology\" and \"Confirmation.\" For 10 points,","name this jazz saxophonist whose hit \"Ornithology\" was a pun off his nickname \"Bird.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df83920c3a38102cd757ea.opus b/tossups/ea/62df83920c3a38102cd757ea.opus
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/ea/62df83920c3a38102cd757ea.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d29f81026f91a8f897ad50f14d4f33b0d243b316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb377ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.44],[4.56,8.4],[8.52,14.76],[14.88,26.16],[26.28,29.12],[29.24,32.88]],"texts":["This colony's Plundering Time saw looting by Richard Ingle and led to the Battle of Severn.","This colony fought a boundary war with its northern neighbor known as Cresap's War.","William Stone served as this state's governor when it passed an act protecting all Trinitarian practitioners of a certain religion.","That aforementioned act was revoked by this colony's governor William Claiborne and was known as this colony's \"Toleration Act,\" or the \"Act Concerning Religion.\" In addition to having its northern boundary set by the Mason-Dixon Line,","this colony was established as a safe-haven for Catholics.","For 10 points, name this colony that was founded by Cecil Calvert."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378ea.json b/tossups/ea/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378ea.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62df8ab610329be735a33dea.json b/tossups/ea/62df8ab610329be735a33dea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..53960f39b240dd33eeb3768a7f718796c9ad6883
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62df8ab610329be735a33dea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,11.8],[11.92,18.28],[18.4,27.0],[27.12,34.04]],"texts":["This government faced the Khmelnytski Uprising, removing their power over the Cossacks through the Treaty of Pereyaslav.","A \"Silent Parliament\" was called in this state in 1717 that prevented an absolute monarchy being created over it.","The Union of Krewo and Union of Grodno were predecessors to the formation of this polity, which was attacked by Sweden in the Deluge.","The Constitution of May 3rd was passed by its \"Great Sejm.\" The szlachta lost power during the decline of this government, which was established by the Union of Lublin.","For 10 points, name this commonwealth that was formed in 1569 by a duchy ruled from Vilnius and a kingdom centered at Krakow."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956ea.json b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c57bd69c11fef908caa4cd7eeeb0fc5d95a71b86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.16],[8.28,16.64],[16.76,23.68],[23.8,31.16],[31.28,38.04],[38.16,44.44],[44.56,52.4]],"texts":["This man's wife sings \"Do you ever think what life will be Where you will go afer you die,\" on the track \"Do You Ever\" of of his band's album Musicmagic.","He joined John Patitucci on bass and Dave Weckl on drums on a series of sessions alternately performed by the Elektric Band and the Akoustic band.","On recordings of \"I Remember Cliford\" and \"Con Alma,\" this man partnered with Stan Getz, who kickstarted his career by including him in his quartet.","On the album Light as a Feather, this man introduced his signature piece, which he ofen performed with a prelude based on the Concierto de Aranjuez.","In 1978, this musician and Herbie Hancock played \"Liza\" as the centerpiece of the popular \"dueling pianos\" tour.","Along with Dave Holland, he was added to the \"second great quintet\" of Miles Davis, consequently appearing in the album In a Silent Way.","For 10 points, name this jazz and fusion pianist of Italian and Spanish descent, who founded the band Return to Forever and composed the piece \"Spain.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cea.json b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..107cc734cecdece70973ea9f7730338a9950bf4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.2],[8.32,16.48],[16.6,26.44],[26.56,31.72],[31.84,36.56],[36.68,44.28],[44.4,48.28]],"texts":["This character has \"a talent for seeing the essence of every situation\" according to an essay that challenges J. Dover Wilson's \"very dull and very shallow\" interpretation.","This character is \"so negative and insignificant that she arouses\" \"disgust\" that \"envelops and exceeds her,\" according to a Carolyn Heilbrun essay.","After being accused of \"honeying and making love Over the nasty sty\" with \"A cutpurse of the empire and the rule,\" this character begs, \"O, speak to me no more; These words, like daggers,","enter into mine ears.\" She pronounces a man to be \"mad as the sea and wind\" for crying \"'A rat!","A rat!\"' and urges another character to \"speak to me no more!\" during the \"closet scene\".","An eavesdropper is stabbed behind a tapestry in the closet of this character, who is denounced with the phrase, \"Frailty, thy name is woman!\" For 10 points,","name this character whom Freud cast as the object of Hamlet's Oedipal desire."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dea.json b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..41d91ba2a5738a51bd21b8a10014be57d3063b03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95dea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.88],[6.0,12.8],[12.92,19.64],[19.76,27.56],[27.68,32.56],[32.68,42.36],[42.48,47.0]],"texts":["This system added a new command called SWAPGS so that the GS base can be quickly switched with the KernelGSBase.","It assigns interrupts with a value in between 1 and 15 through the use of CR8, so that tasks can be prioritized.","This system also supports a mode of \"RIP-relative\" addressing so that position independent code can be written with the base pointer as a reference.","Its other advantages include the fact that a task state segment is no longer needed and a \"long mode\" in which approximately 40 bits are reserved for physical addressing.","Products that use it include the Jaguar, which can be found inside the PS4 and XboxOne.","This instruction set architecture was first developed by AMD, who first used it in their Opteron processors, though it was later implemented by Intel in 2004 in later releases of their Pentium 4 line.","For 10 points, name this architecture that offers twice as many bits as x-86."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eea.json b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e20d4c6ccf349da62d2cba66d03a56b4247960b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.68],[5.8,12.84],[12.96,18.96],[19.08,25.72],[25.84,32.08],[32.2,38.32]],"texts":["A song written in response to this event repeats the line, \"Don't make them have to take it away,\" and was banned from domestic airplay.","After Home Secretary Reginald Mauling spoke about this event at the House of Commons, Bernadette Devlin was suspended for slapping him in the face.","In 2007, Mike Jackson admitted some complicity in this event, at which he was second-in-command to Derek Wilford.","The Saville Report accused Martin McGuinness of supplying nail bombs found at this event, whose perpetrators were exonerated by the Widgery Tribunal.","Starting as a march to the Guildhall at Derry, this event occurred after the First Battalion of the Parachute Regiment went into Bogside.","For 10 points, name this 1972 incident in Northern Ireland during which British troops fired on civilians."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fea.json b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..eea8ed76c555f1f300c5ce0ae2a423200e9ccf95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.36],[2.48,11.04],[11.16,15.36],[15.48,20.96],[21.08,26.16],[26.28,30.96],[31.08,34.52],[34.64,40.12]],"texts":["Mielikki fashioned one of these animals from wool.","One of these animals fathered two giants who were later turned into an eagle owl and a vulture; those twins, Agrius and Oreius, were born after Polyphonte had sex with one.","Young girls in saffron robes imitated these animals in a ritual practiced at Brauron.","A hero who kills these animals dies fighting the Dark Knight and loves Laimdota in the Latvian epic Lacplesis.","Twenty cloves of garlic and 100 days in a cave turn one into a human woman in Korean mythology.","Arcas was born to a huntress of Artemis who became one of these animals after Zeus seduced her.","Japan's Ainu people revere these animals as sacred kamui.","For 10 points, name this animal which Callisto was turned into before she became the constellation Ursa Major."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960ea.json b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960ea.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dd3bcf662c8df923700206f5635880a9fa1eb3d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ea/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba960ea.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,14.24],[14.36,19.0],[19.12,27.52],[27.64,31.52],[31.64,36.44],[36.56,41.88]],"texts":["Some residents of this country celebrate the new year with a day of silence called Nyepi.","Following a similar venture in Brazil, Norway offered this nation up to 1 billion dollars to reduce its rate of deforestation, which is the largest in the world despite a 2011 moratorium,","and is largely caused by the massive expansion of this country's non-native palm oil industry.","Raja Ampat is one of this country's marine biodiversity hotspots formed from extensive coral reefs, and it is home to the pilgrimage sites of Prambanan and Borobudur.","This nation's region of Kalimantan is a natural habitat of the orangutan.","Sulawesi is part of this nation, which is home to the world's largest Muslim population.","For 10 points, name this archipelagic nation with capital at Jakarta on the island of Java."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bed.json b/tossups/ed/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35b966b1053daba4f301a498b097e059b91f678b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.28],[11.4,29.84],[29.96,37.84],[37.96,42.8]],"texts":["A recent book by David Bernstein attacking this opinion accuses its author of eschewing natural law in favor of \"German legal positivism.\" This dissenting opinion was effectively adopted by the Supreme Court in Nebbia v. New York.","This opinion proclaims that \"This case is decided upon an economic theory which a large part of the country does not entertain,\" and that \"The Fourteenth Amendment does not enact Mister Herbert Spenser's Social Statics.\" The case producing this opinion arose from a dispute over a law restricting the number of hours of work by an individual per week in bakeries.","For 10 points, name this opinion given in a 1905 case in which Justice Rufus Peckham delivered a majority opinion on substantive due process,","striking down restrictions of the \"freedom of contract,\" and ushering in this case's namesake \"era.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57ed.json b/tossups/ed/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..665f026828f4622c65e56fe879d37656cdc1b8d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.24],[8.36,14.8],[14.92,19.8],[19.92,26.12],[26.24,33.04],[33.16,39.76]],"texts":["Most historians believe that this title was held at times by an interrex and was elective, which would explain why its holders' average reign was over 40 years.","One holder of this title had the name of his father omitted from his entry on a list of successful generals because that man was the son of a slave.","This title was also held by the husband of Tanaquil as well as a man who built the seaport at Ostia.","Early holders of this title warred with the city of Alba Longa, and Titus Tatius ruled alongside the first holder of this title.","This title was eschewed by later rulers of its namesake city-unsurprising given the fate of its last ruler, Tarquinius Superbus.","For ten points, name this title held by seven people including Numa Pompilius, Servius Tulius, and Romulus."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7ed.json b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7d2d6de628c8a6bdc59d53efd2d222b64c75e28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.56],[3.68,20.48],[20.6,22.6],[22.72,32.56],[32.68,34.72],[34.84,40.72]],"texts":["In one poem of this type, the author asks \"What is someone?","What is no-one?\" before concluding \"man is the dream of a shadow.\" Another of these poems notes \"gold\" \"stands out supreme of all lordly wealth\" and begins \"Water is best.\" The author predicted his future influence in one of these poems describing a \"monument more lasting than bronze.\" Poems of this type are divided into strophe,","epistrophe, and epode sections.","A collection of these poems originated the expressions \"dulce et decorum est\" and \"Carpe diem.\" Athletes are the subject of poems of this type written by Pindar, and short,","reflective ones are named for Horace.","For 10 points, name these poems common in Ancient Greece that inspired one by John Keats written on a Grecian urn."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebed.json b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e9923aa5fa7347f44bdd70468076c763b80c583a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,15.2],[15.32,22.56],[22.68,29.8],[29.92,36.72]],"texts":["Two leaders with this name staged a mock re-enactment of the battle between the Horatii and the Curiatii that ended poorly when the battlers actually killed each other.","Charlotte de Sauve, the mistress of a King with this name, was part of the \"Flying Squadron,\" a group of ladies-in-waiting turned spies used by that King's wife.","Anne de Joyeuse was killed fighting for a King with this name at the Battle of Coutras; that King of this name was later ousted in the Day of the Barricades.","A King with this name built on the earlier Edict of Saint Germain with a document that granted religious freedoms to the Huguenots, the Edict of Nantes.","For 10 points, give this name of a former king of Navarre who quipped that \"Paris is worth a mass,\" the founder of the Bourbon Dynasty."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeded.json b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeded.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..63415440944cf3796e3d1017674cc05461265d15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeded.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.84],[8.96,17.44],[17.56,22.2],[22.32,27.32],[27.44,32.2]],"texts":["Referencing Tom Jones, John Randolph called this President and his Secretary of State \"Blifil and Black George\" and a \"Puritan and the black-leg,\" which prompted the Secretary to duel him.","In an unsuccessful election, this man was attacked by Duff Green's United States Telegraph; this man's supporters countered with a series of \"coffin handbills\" aimed at his opponent.","Internal improvements and tariffs were part of the American System promoted by this man's Secretary of State.","This President was accused of striking a \"corrupt bargain\" after appointing Henry Clay Secretary of State.","For 10 points, name this President who defeated, and was later defeated by, Andrew Jackson."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeded.opus b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeded.opus
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6fefe3fb41e6db7bc616688da3930e58f208a380
Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/ed/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aeded.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387ed.json b/tossups/ed/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..94b0526128be277a17d33319f8f5b07ce98ecf91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7387ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.44],[7.56,13.64],[13.76,22.32],[22.44,29.4],[29.52,34.68],[34.8,42.12]],"texts":["The founder of this religion died in a building called \"Temple for the Defense of the Nation by means of the King of Doctrines,\" a monastery on a mountain which he converted.","In this religion, a blindfolded acolyte would drop a flower to establish contact with Dainichi Nyorai during the Kechien Kanjo ritual.","This religion's founder represented the phenomenal aspect of the \"Womb World\" and the transcendental aspect of the \"Diamond World\" by creating two mandalas often found in its places of worship.","The Kongo-cho Sutra is one of the two main texts of this religion, which emphasizes the eternal Mahavairocana aspect of a certain figure.","The founder of this religion is believed to have invented hiragana when he was spreading it with his teacher Hui-kuo.","For 10 points, name this esoteric \"True Word\" Buddhist sect founded by the monk Kukai, which thrived in Japan starting in the 9th century."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eed.json b/tossups/ed/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ed170c5abe6d608573595a91e1a74c2ceb63adcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df3ddba2602b93e0407eed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.76],[8.88,18.24],[18.36,23.08],[23.2,30.44],[30.56,41.32],[41.44,45.88],[46.0,50.92]],"texts":["In one section of this work, the speaker asserts that a certain commodity \"cannot grow by an inch or ounce,\" before moving on to discuss the \"handiwork of Callimachus.\" The speaker,","who had also previously asserted that \"All things fall, and are built again,\" later imagines a figure asking for \"mournful melodies\" and \"delights to imagine\" a long legged bird,","a \"symbol of longevity,\" flying over a trio still seated on the mountain and the sky.","The second section of this 56 line work reads, \"All perform their tragic play, There struts Hamlet, there is Lear, That's Ophelia,","that Cordelia,\" while it begins with a stanza about \"hysterical women\" who criticize the poet's inefficacy and dread the coming of the \"Aeroplane and Zeppelin.\" Composed to commemorate a birthday gift given to the poet by his friend,","Harry Clifton, it depicts a set of \"Chinamen\" carved out of the title material.","For 10 points, identify this William Butler Yeats poem named for a rich blue stone."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fed.json b/tossups/ed/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ee2ae77c98af32cb044b5c030794e2f4d72726f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df3ddba2602b93e0407fed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.04],[4.16,11.28],[11.4,17.6],[17.72,18.52],[18.64,29.28],[29.4,34.16],[34.28,41.48]],"texts":["One character in this work is knocked out by a barrage of apples thrown by the protagonist.","Its protagonist pretends to be \"the Destroyer\" while sitting among a ring of statues and, while there, listens to a metaphysical theory laid out by the priest Ork.","Near the beginning of this novel, the main character is wounded by a bull after passing through a pool of fire-snakes and becoming stuck in a tree.","At its end,","its protagonist tells a crowd of animals that he's \"had an accident\" and adds \"So may you all.\" The nature of the songs sung by a blind harpist called \"the Shaper\" is explained to its protagonist by the omniscient,","philosophizing Dragon; that protagonist spends most of this novel launching attacks against Hart.","For 10 points, identify this novel whose titular protagonist has his arm ripped off by an unnamed Geat hero, a retelling of Beowulf written by John Gardner."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ed.json b/tossups/ed/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a5992264f240ba6360a8d2f42b7982e49275397
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df7ca243aee49db2f768ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,12.44],[12.56,19.32],[19.44,29.28],[29.4,34.52]],"texts":["A chapter titled for this character notes that, \"All that most maddens and torments; all that stirs up the lees of things\" were \"practically assailable\" in him.","This character is the cause of \"Rachel, weeping for her lost children, because they were not,\" in another chapter.","This character is the hearse \"not made by mortal hands.\" Doctor Bunger and his superior argue about their encounter with this character.","Macey is killed by this character, according to Gabriel, who claims that this character is the \"Shaker God incarnated.\" This character only appears in three chapters titled \"The Chase.\" For 10 points,","name this character who kills most of the crew of the Pequod, a white whale created by Herman Melville."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df7ca243aee49db2f769ed.json b/tossups/ed/62df7ca243aee49db2f769ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..38fa86d962e6f4ac0bae5b8181f71516388e3f86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df7ca243aee49db2f769ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,11.88],[12.0,13.2],[13.32,31.84],[31.96,36.88]],"texts":["A note about this person cites a passage of \"great anthropological interest\" from Ovid after describing him as \"a mere spectator and not indeed a 'character'\" who is \"yet the most important personage in the poem.\" This person first speaks,","\"At the violet hour,","when the eyes and back turn upward from the desk,\" and watches a \"typist home at tea-time.\" He claims to have \"foresuffered all\" and \"walked among the lowest of the dead\" in a poem in which he sees an \"Unreal City.\" This personage from \"The Fire Sermon\" describes himself as an old man with wrinkled female breasts\" in a poem which ends \"Shantih shantih shantih.\" For 10 points,","name this narrator of much of T. S. Eliot's \"The Waste Land,\" a gender-switching seer."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfed.json b/tossups/ed/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..180f75fcaf62f53b00ba08848acb8ecf9c66fb59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df8012e66cc66ca571cfed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.12],[8.24,15.92],[16.04,20.24],[20.36,25.96],[26.08,33.24],[33.36,39.24]],"texts":["In one of this author's novels the millionaire's Conrad is killed by a stray bullet in a streetcar strike when he tries to prevent a policeman from beating an elderly German socialist.","In that novel Angus Beaton's proposal is rejected by Alma Leighton, while this author wrote about Mister Twelvemough hosting a foreign visitor in A Traveler from Altruria.","He wrote about the deteriorating marriage between Bartley Hubbard and Marcia Gaylord in one novel,","while Henry Lindau and Colonel Dryfoos argue over the magazine Every Other Week in his novel about Basil March.","This author of A Modern Instance wrote about a man who tries to marry his daughter Irene into the Corey family before he loses his fortune in the paint industry.","For 10 points, name this American author of A Hazard of New Fortunes and The Rise of Silas Lapham."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2ed.json b/tossups/ed/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2ed.json
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/tossups/ed/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.36],[9.48,15.48],[15.6,24.16],[24.28,33.72],[33.84,41.08]],"texts":["This particle corresponds to the \"plus one-half\" eigenvalue of the z-component of the isospin, and the dominant decay mode of the neutral lambda is into a negative pion and this particle.","This particle can be found at the intersection of the S equals 0 and Q equals 1 lines of the baryon octet.","Stackelberg proposed the conservation of baryon number to account for the stability of this particle, whose lifetime is currently figured to be at least 10 to the 34th power years.","Predicted to decay in some grand unified theories, this particle accounts for the majority of the composition of cosmic rays, and can transform into a heavier baryon by capturing an electron.","Consisting of two up quarks and a down quark, for 10 points, identify this subatomic particle, the nucleonic partner of the neutron."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df83920c3a38102cd757ed.json b/tossups/ed/62df83920c3a38102cd757ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6992f5519bd184279354d711044809e7f4e38d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df83920c3a38102cd757ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.6],[4.72,14.6],[14.72,18.32],[18.44,29.88],[30.0,31.36],[31.48,36.04],[36.16,44.28]],"texts":["At the end of this story, a woman takes the words \"You can say that again\" literally,","and repeats the phrase \"I could tell that one was a doozy.\" The main character of this story is exactly seven feet tall, wears spectacles with thick wavy lenses and a red rubber ball on his nose,","and first appears after tearing the door to a TV station off its hinges.","Its protagonist defies the 211th, 212th, and 213th Constitutional Amendments by declaring \"I am the Emperor!\" and kissing the ceiling with a ballerina, until he is shot by Diana Moon Glampers,","the Handicapper General.","Beginning \"the year was 2081, and everyone was finally equal,\" for 10 points,","name this Kurt Vonnegut short story whose title character rebels against artificial handicaps that prevent people from being physically or mentally above average."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378ed.json b/tossups/ed/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9bf8627a971e53b751845ce5cbd43f1f3b49ea34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,13.28],[13.4,16.72],[16.84,22.76],[22.88,31.64],[31.76,37.24]],"texts":["One character in this novel wears clothes of mourning every April 30th in memory of Marguerite de Navarre's burial of the head of her lover.","Based on the real-life story of Antoine Berthet, this novel opens in the town of Verrieres, whose mayor, the owner of a nail factory,","dismisses the main character after receiving a letter from Monsieur Valenod.","The protagonist of this novel is executed for shooting his former lover in church while the assembly's heads are bowed before the host.","This work follows an admirer of Napoleon who studies in the seminary under Abbe Pirard and seeks to rise through society by sleeping with Madame de Renal and Mathilde de la Mole.","For 10 points, name this \"Chronicle of 1830\" about Julien Sorel written by Stendhal."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df8ab610329be735a33ded.json b/tossups/ed/62df8ab610329be735a33ded.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..fc042c9a0d0d26a816904983404b5fff90f68bd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62df8ab610329be735a33ded.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.6],[4.72,9.72],[9.84,17.48],[17.6,20.8],[20.92,26.52],[26.64,30.96]],"texts":["Jean-Louis Barrault's Grand Odeon Theater became a center of free discussion during this event.","\"It is forbidden to forbid\" was a slogan of this event, which led to the formation of the CMDO.","The Grenelle Agreements, which increased the minimum wage, were rejected during this event, which based many of its ideas from the pamphlet On the Poverty of Student Life.","The president of the nation in which it occurred fled to Baden-Baden.","Beginning with student outrage over the occupation of the Sorbonne, it involved the first nationwide wildcat strikes.","For 10 points, name these uprisings that nearly toppled Charles de Gaulle's government."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62df8ab610329be735a33ded.opus b/tossups/ed/62df8ab610329be735a33ded.opus
new file mode 100644
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/ed/62df8ab610329be735a33ded.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956ed.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5c6ea3c2d674c1ee437d1c456261e3240a628bbd
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.16],[6.28,14.0],[14.12,20.04],[20.16,25.16],[25.28,33.48],[33.6,41.08]],"texts":["This battle was referred to in the last words of a ruler when he told his doctor, Henri Conneau, that \"we were not cowards\" here.","Beforethisbattle, anothercommanderremarked \"weareinachamberpot, andabouttobeshitupon.\" Thatmantriedto take command afer his superior was wounded,","but a secret letter produced by general Emmannuel Felix de Wimpfen showed that he'd been appointed by the war minister to take over.","He refused to surrender, even afer three failed cavalry charges from general Margueritte on the village of Floing.","This battle, a loss for the army under Auguste Ducrot, came shortly afer battles at Beaumont and Gravelotte, and was part of a campaign to relieve the besieged Marshal Bazaine at Metz.","For 10 points, name this contest where the army of General MacMahon was destroyed by Helmuth von Moltke, which was the decisive battle of the Franco-Prussian War."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957ed.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957ed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..050fa34795e0ce413c5cc96ecbc336ea65314196
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+++ b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957ed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.08],[8.2,16.4],[16.52,24.28],[24.4,31.0],[31.12,38.04],[38.16,46.92],[47.04,51.4],[51.52,56.8]],"texts":["Florent Calvo and Peter Schwerdtfeger did Monte Carlo simulations to prove that this element's melting point is much lower than expected due to relativistic efects.","Benzene can be converted to picric acid in one step by reacting a mixture of this element's nitrate with nitric acid in the Wolfenstein-Boters reaction.","The chloralkali industry commonly uses an electrode of this element for the electrolysis of brine to form sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas.","This element is bound to an ethyl group at the end of a compound commonly used in patch testing for dermatitis and conjunctivitis.","An acetate of this element undergoes an \"oxy\" reaction followed by a \"de\" reaction to convert an alkene to an alcohol.","This element's oxidation state 1 cation is diatomic and has a +2 charge, whereas its oxidation state 2 cation is monatomic.","Sulfur has a strong binding afnity for this metal, which forms alloys called amalgams.","For 10 points, name this heavy metal that is liquid in standard conditions, and is ofen found in thermometers."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bed.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..007d84917b7fd2894c7625c249cba4574500aa94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.76],[4.88,10.88],[11.0,15.4],[15.52,21.44],[21.56,25.52],[25.64,29.64],[29.76,34.8],[34.92,41.96],[42.08,46.44]],"texts":["An expert on this language, Larry Trask, died while completing an etymological dictionary of it.","Theo Vennemann pointed to this language's vigesimal counting system as evidence that it is the survivor of a far-reaching substratum.","A classification of the dialects of this language was created by Louis Lucien Bonaparte,","who argued that this language has a number of words for tools based on the root word for \"stone\" in the so-called aizkora controversy.","A \"proto\" form of this language was reconstructed by Koldo Mitxelena.","Intransitive verbs in this language are conjugated with the irregular verb izan.","In the seventeenth century, a pidgin of this language was brought by sailors from its homeland to Iceland.","Dialects of this language include Zuberoan and Gipuzkoan, while its standard form was developed in the 1960s and is named Batua.","For 10 points, name this language isolate spoken by an autonomous region of the Pyrenees."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ced.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ced.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5edb1cedbb775ec7441a70bd44f372f9ca356e8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ced.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.8],[9.92,14.88],[15.0,20.36],[20.48,26.6],[26.72,34.64],[34.76,43.84],[43.96,48.0],[48.12,52.64]],"texts":["In peptide bonds, one of these phenomena produces a well-characterized signal designated \"NV1.\" The intensity of these phenomena can be increased by d-p mixing or vibronic coupling.","CT complexes can undergo LMCT or MLCT examples of these phenomena.","In two types of diagrams depicting these phenomena, lines become curved due to the non-crossing rule.","In one set of diagrams depicting the energies of these phenomena, both axes are normalized by the Racah parameter.","Examples of this kind of process include intersystem crossing, where a difference in spin multiplicity allows this kind of process to occur in a non-radiative fashion.","Sandwiching the electric dipole operator between the initial and final state wavefunctions for this process can be used to derive the fact that the azimuthal quantum number must change by plus or minus one,","or this process is said to be \"forbidden\" according to a selection rule.","For 10 points, name this process by which a molecule's electrons change energy levels."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ded.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ded.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..bdb09716dbf41b3510a40af291bbe730bcb9a19f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ded.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.4],[6.52,9.36],[9.48,16.36],[16.48,20.52],[20.64,30.44],[30.56,37.92],[38.04,40.68],[40.8,47.16]],"texts":["Three years before this event, a journalist using the pen name Harry Alis was killed after being accused of accepting Belgian bribes,","preventing his plans from being released to the Prince of Arenberg.","The run-up to this incident saw one party abrogate the Mackinnon Treaty, which would have surrendered territory as far north as the Lado Enclave.","That led Edward Grey to issue a warning in a speech given on behalf of Archibald Primrose.","Prior to this incident, Major J.A.L. Macdonald was initially chosen to conduct a secret operation after news about the steamer Faidherbe and its mission reached the government of Lord Salisbury.","Subsequently, the former victor at the Battle of Omdurman was tabbed to lead a flotilla of gunboats that ran into a force under Jean-Baptiste Marchand.","This event eventually led to the Entente Cordiale.","For 10 points, name this diplomatic incident in 1898 that saw France and Britain race each other to claim a muddy fort in Africa."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eed.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f9d43ee3536cf91799617878f3868448a2677c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95eed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,14.24],[14.36,20.16],[20.28,35.96],[36.08,41.04]],"texts":["This group claims that they are \"unstable like Chernobyl\" in a song whose hook is hummed while a female backing vocalist says things like \"Earth, Jupiter,","Mars\" and \"It's who you are.\" In another song, this group declares that they're \"forever hollerin' 'Hootie hoo'\" when they see cops.","Besides \"Millenium\" and \"Slump,\" this group warns \"don't pull the thang out, unless you plan to bang\" in one song,","and claims in another that \"mighty fine only got you somewhere half the time.\" They addressed a song to a girl who \"like to thank her shit don't stank\" and begins with the cry \"Caroline!\" This group behind \"B.O.B.\" and \"Roses\" sang \"I never meant to make your daughter cry\" in a song addressed to \"baby mamas' mamas.\" For 10 points,","name this Atlanta hip hop duo which recorded \"Miss Jackson\" and \"Hey Ya.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fed.json b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fed.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..229a325778405abe96c07b762596e789b236e66f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/ed/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95fed.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.08],[5.2,10.88],[11.0,18.12],[18.24,21.8],[21.92,29.68],[29.8,36.56]],"texts":["This process occurs in the tunica albuginea around the corpora cavernosa in Peyronie's disease.","Myofibroblasts contribute to this process when they fail to disappear from granulation tissue via apoptosis.","In this process, proteins are oriented parallel to each other rather than being oriented perpendicular to each other in the proper \"basket-weave\" manner.","This process can produce both \"hypertrophic\" products and keloids.","It's not inflammation, but the muscle of the heart undergoes this process after a myocardial infarction, and the tissues of the liver undergo this process in patients with cirrhosis.","For 10 points, name this process in which excess connective tissue accumulates in response to events like injuries to the skin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bf0.json b/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bf0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0e3116b4c1f5e598411eeda9157c9815ba3cf44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a1bf0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.32],[3.44,12.56],[12.68,18.16],[18.28,26.12],[26.24,29.76],[29.88,36.48]],"texts":["The Uwchlan Meetinghouse was used as a hospital for residents of this site.","Henry Armitt Brown gave a speech commemorating the 100th anniversary of leaving this site, and one visitor to this location relied on Pierre Duponceau for translation and wrote \"The Blue Book\".","Christopher Ludwig served one important function in this location, which was occupied soon after the Battle of White Marsh.","Its inhabitants survived on \"firecake\" and \"pepper-hot soup.\" Initially only about one third of the inhabitants of this location possessed shoes.","Baron von Steuben was responsible for training the inhabitants of this location.","For 10 points, name this site in Pennsylvania where the Continental Army spent a really harrowing winter in 1777."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f0.json b/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..66e662f73be780ebe03b8b87bc462283b7bc2cce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.8],[7.92,15.04],[15.16,22.08],[22.2,28.28]],"texts":["During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Chinese government monopolized iron and this commodity which inspired Huan Guan to write Discourses on this commodity and Iron.","This commodity was produced in great quantities at Aigues-Mortes, and the Halstatt culture derived much of its wealth from trading this commodity.","The city of Taghaza was a mining center for this commodity, and one march named for this commodity reached the sea at the town of Dandi.","For ten points, name this commodity, manufactured in part by evaporating seawater in pools called sebkhas."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f0.opus b/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f0.opus
new file mode 100644
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/f0/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f0.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87f0.json b/tossups/f0/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b9dc361db90f16835975cd532e0eeaaca28cc5fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.8],[5.92,10.72],[10.84,18.76],[18.88,22.76],[22.88,26.64],[26.76,31.44],[31.56,34.64],[34.76,39.08]],"texts":["Easier processing of this crop was enabled by a mutation in the nud gene, which expresses this plant's \"naked\" variant.","The Middle PPNB period has evidence of cultivation of this crop's \"two-row\" and \"six-row\" varieties.","This crop's main domesticated cultivar, Hordeum vulgare, was bred from its original wild variety, Hordeum spontaneum, to have less brittle spikes.","This is one of the three Neolithic \"founder crops\" along with einkorn and emmer.","It's not wheat, but the first usage of pearling to strip bran was for this crop.","In ancient Egypt, this crop was broken up, mixed with water, and left in an exposed vessel.","It's the crop from which the original Scottish whiskey was distilled.","For 10 points, name this cereal grain that was malted to make beer in ancient Mesopotamia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7f0.json b/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..039c02180c4913001e1e117358447e099c24b4fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.48],[7.6,13.44],[13.56,20.16],[20.28,27.68],[27.8,34.8]],"texts":["Willi Muenzenburg put together a Brown Book to exonerate the accused perpetrators of this event, including future Bulgarian president Georgi Dimitrov.","50,000 troops were deployed five days before this event to raid the offices of an organization led by Ernst Zogler.","Benjamin Hett provided evidence against the consensus opinion that this event was solely carried out by Dutch communist Marinus van der Lubbe.","Paul von Hindenburg invoked Article 48 following this event, leading to a suspension of civil liberties and the passage of the Enabling Act.","Hitler eradicated Communist support in Germany following, for 10 points, what 1933 act of arson on a legislative building?"]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebf0.json b/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebf0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2863a04de626dc6eafb4af04a7dabfe203b5369f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebf0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.4],[7.52,14.04],[14.16,20.12],[20.24,28.0],[28.12,33.32],[33.44,37.76]],"texts":["After riding twenty and then thirty leagues by boat, a character in this work uses the name \"Old Man Becomes Young-Again-Man,\" in reference to a medicinal plant.","After the death of his companion, the protagonist of this work makes a sacrifice to Bibbu, \"meat carver of the underworld,\" in his friend's honor.","The first version of this work, that was split up into eleven sections was created by the philosopher-priest Sin-leqi-unninni.","A hairy character in this epic is offered clothes for the first time after he has sex with Shamhat, a prostitute, for six days and seven nights.","That man, Enkidu, dies in this epic poem after helping his friend defeat the Bull of Heaven.","For 10 points, name this Mesopotamian epic poem about the title king of Uruk."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedf0.json b/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedf0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..0a801b448a40f9ef98f457865dfeecb1d9fd73bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aedf0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.4],[6.52,13.68],[13.8,19.92],[20.04,25.12],[25.24,35.96],[36.08,39.92]],"texts":["One essay by this modern thinker opens with a story by Plutarch which this thinker then uses to ask three questions about human goals and measure.","This thinker differed from one of their contemporaries by maintaining that the free subject immediately must consider other free subjects in the world.","This thinker revisited earlier ideas about invulnerable freedom in a work that rejects Dostoevsky's dismissal of secular thought.","This author criticized Engels's idea that the oppression of women emerged after the discovery of bronze.","In another book by this author of The Ethics of Ambiguity, this thinker argues that masculine ideology exploits differences to create inequality and identifies women with \"the Other.\" For 10 points,","name this feminist existentialist author of The Second Sex."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ef0.json b/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ef0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..248c5c6f7e6196c954562e939cbb483d8284c7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ef0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.64],[7.76,15.76],[15.88,23.92],[24.04,27.12],[27.24,33.8]],"texts":["One of the two inhabited islands in this body of water is Likoma Island, which is dominated by baobab trees and can be reached from Nkhata Bay on the mainland.","This body is inhabited by aquatic life including the mbuna or \"rockdwellers\", and the tilapiines, which are both subgroups ofits cichlid population.","Referred to as \"the jewel of our nation\"by dictator Hastings Banda,the southern portion of this bodyhas an outlet at the Shire River, which is known for its hippopotami.","The watersof its northern extent are disputed with Tanzania.","Also known as Lake Nyasa, for 10 points, name this eighth largest lake in the world named for an African country west of Mozambique."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ff0.json b/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ff0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c62414ee4b1e563cf21b001091350b2fc013a075
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ff0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,14.6],[14.72,19.72],[19.84,27.48],[27.6,32.8],[32.92,39.48]],"texts":["A late king of this empire was defeated at the Battle of the Ulai River, shortly after which its king Khumma-Khaldash was captured.","This kingdom apparently achieved great power under Shutruk-Nakhkhunte, who killed king Zababa-shuma-iddina and replaced him with his son Kutir-Nakhkhunte.","A prominent architectural remnant of this kingdom is the Chogha Zanbil temple at its site of Dur Untash.","Its early dynasties like the Avan and the Simash ruled from its capital at Anshan, though later kings of this empire frequently occupied Susa,","up until it was brutally sacked by Ashurbanipal in 640 BC, reducing it to fragments.","For 10 points, name this ancient kingdom to the east of Akkadia and Sumeria, which is represented by modern-day southwestern Iran."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e04080f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e04080f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1118052be6dee4d9ff4c46a40cc8260d8a8d8d3
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+++ b/tossups/f0/62df3ddba2602b93e04080f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.84],[10.96,13.84],[13.96,23.04],[23.16,24.36],[24.48,36.28],[36.4,42.64]],"texts":["This man wrote about the subject's \"former grandeur and present decadence\" in his essay \"The Rise and Fall of Nkrumah,\" and the bookstore clerk Haynes has an affair with his landlady Alice Rouse's daughter Maisie,","residents of the title street in his novel Minty Alley.","This man was instrumental in the selection of Frank Worrell to serve as the first black captain of the West Indies cricket team, and he coined the term \"Not cricket\" in his book on the subject,","Beyond a Boundary.","This man argued that the \"the Cuban Revolution marks the ultimate stage of a Caribbean quest for national identity\" in an appendix to another of his works entitled \"From Toussaint L'Ouverture to Fidel Castro.\" For 10 points,","name this man who discussed the relationship between the Haitian and French revolutions in his book The Black Jacobins."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df7ca243aee49db2f769f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df7ca243aee49db2f769f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..827e4dc2c05198ce34e4eccf30e3f73ec1596da5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df7ca243aee49db2f769f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.28],[4.4,8.24],[8.36,13.84],[13.96,19.4],[19.52,24.8],[24.92,31.4],[31.52,38.88]],"texts":["One commander in this war wielded a scythe sword inscribed with a runic calendar.","The losing side in this war unsuccessfully presented the Twelve Articles.","An insurrection at Kempton Abbey began this war, which petered out after the Battle of Pfeddersheim put an end to its \"Palatine' phase.","A famous mercenary from this war wore an iron prosthetic hand and was known as Gotz von Berlichingen.","One side in this war was decried as \"murderous thieving hordes\" in an article penned by Martin Luther.","The massacre of Frankenhausen was the greatest loss faced by the rebels in this war, who were commanded by the theologian Thomas Muntzer.","For 10 points, name this 1524-25 war in Central Europe, in which the Swabian League crushed the namesake downtrodden social class."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff0.json b/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ce98a1d6057859b1f4f7810a1156aa1719eef907
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.8],[6.92,12.16],[12.28,20.8],[20.92,27.56],[27.68,32.0]],"texts":["This battle began immediately after the destruction of the losing side's rear guard, which had been charged with defending a retreat from Orleans.","One leader in this battle, Sangiban, was intentionally placed in the center of one side's line to prevent his defection.","Thorismund became king of the Visigoths after the death of Theodoric during this battle, which also saw the Gepids under Ardaric fail to hold against the Roman Army under Flavius Aetius.","The loser of this battle renewed his invasion the next year, only to be stopped by a meeting with Pope Leo I. For 10 points,","name this 451 battle that fought back Atilla the Hun's invasion of Western Europe."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff0.opus b/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff0.opus
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2f0.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.4],[1.52,11.16],[11.28,14.2],[14.32,20.92],[21.04,31.6],[31.72,35.2]],"texts":["In one section of this work,","Foggy recalls a conversation between two forresters at the title ravine' that section is titled \"Raspberry Water.\" The central character of this work becomes ill and visits the doctor Trifon Ivanych,","who describes his marriage to his dying patient Alexandra.","This work grew out of the success of a story about two contrasting peasants who work for Polutykin and are named Khor and Kalinych.","As the central character of this work tries to sleep, Vasily Vasilych delivers a lengthy monologue about his own mediocrity in the story \"Hamlet of the Shchigrovsky District.\" For 10 points,","name this collection of stories about life in the country by Ivan Turgenev."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df83920c3a38102cd757f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df83920c3a38102cd757f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..162c9eab972ff461b098833bfc01893696fffed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df83920c3a38102cd757f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.68],[6.8,16.92],[17.04,23.36],[23.48,32.48],[32.6,39.52],[39.64,44.48]],"texts":["This artist painted a self-portrait under the statue of Mercury in his hectic scene of a man being grilled to death, the Martyrdom of Saint Lawrence.","This painter added a forked beard, a falling cloak that leaves genitalia partially visible, and a trident to his depiction of the winning admiral at Lepanto, Portrait of Andrea Doria as Neptune.","He executed many images of Eleanora of Toledo during his thirty-three years as court painter to Cosimo di Medici; during that time,","he created a painting as a gift from Cosimo to Francis I that depicts a figure who may be jealousy, despair, or syphilis howling in anguish and clutching his head at the left.","That painting by this man also shows a white bird about to be stepped on, an old man carrying an hourglass, and two dramatic masks.","For 10 points, name this Mannerist who created Venus, Cupid, Folly, and Time."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df83920c3a38102cd758f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df83920c3a38102cd758f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..14cd3364e508a30a124f275a45cbdaf2b8b2543b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df83920c3a38102cd758f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,14.4],[14.52,18.76],[18.88,24.08],[24.2,31.4],[31.52,38.2]],"texts":["After seeing young boys throwing rocks at Ilyusha, this character gives money to Ilyusha's father Snegiryov, only for Snegiryov to throw the money in his face.","At the end of the novel this character appears in, that group of young boys, led by Kolya Krassotkin, cheers this character's name.","Although Rakitin attempts to corrupt this character by arranging for him to meet Grushenka,","this character kisses the earth and resolves to leave his monastery after the death of his mentor Father Zosima.","In the fifth book of the novel he appears in, this character listens to the fable of the Grand Inquisitor told by his intellectual, rationalist older brother.","For 10 points, name this spiritual youngest brother of Smerdyakov, Dimitri, and Ivan in Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9cbdb8d78e83b324cb19bf412eedc4be906ab41c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.64],[4.76,13.92],[14.04,21.24],[21.36,25.08],[25.2,28.72],[28.84,33.16],[33.28,39.16]],"texts":["One problem encountered during this process is called tailing and is caused by a lack of an isotherm.","One type of this process is governed by an equation which sets the HETP equal to the sum of terms representing mass transfer, eddy diffusion, and longitudinal diffusion.","Several forms of this process calculate the ratio of the distance traveled by the analyte to the distance traveled by the solvent as the retention factor.","Types include ion-exchange and high-performance liquid forms.","The gas form of this technique is performed prior to mass spectroscopy.","In another kind of this technique, the eluent is drawn up a column of a namesake kind of paper.","For 10 points, name this lab technique which uses a stationary phase and a mobile phase to separate chemical mixtures."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379f0.json b/tossups/f0/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..985eac31310dbd54f436744ff6898ebc97310db6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.24],[6.36,11.16],[11.28,16.48],[16.6,22.24],[22.36,27.24],[27.36,32.12]],"texts":["In one legend, this hero saves his friend by donning the horse's skin worn by his defeated enemy, Guy of Gisborne.","In another story, he is defeated in a fight by a potter, who forces him to trade clothing and possessions.","This hero dies after he goes to his cousin, a Prioress, to be bled, but she treacherously lets him bleed out.","This man is knocked into the water during a quarterstaff duel atop a bridge with the warrior who becomes his most famous companion.","His allies include Will Scarlet, Much the Miller's Son, Friar Tuck, and Little John.","For 10 points, name this English outlaw who legendarily stole from the rich to give to the poor."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df8ab610329be735a33df0.json b/tossups/f0/62df8ab610329be735a33df0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d0f8d2aa0ae6a976b1d26177d8c84b936d35221d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df8ab610329be735a33df0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.92],[7.04,15.8],[15.92,22.64],[22.76,28.2],[28.32,34.16]],"texts":["This artist depicted a knight about to chop down a tree to break a spell placed upon him by Armida in his drawing Rinaldo in the Enchanted Forest.","He included a lute, a tambourine, and sheet music in a painting in which a woman lowers a crown onto the head of her lover, the fourth in a series he painted for Madame du Barry.","A baby tries to grasp at a dangling toy in one painting by this artist, in which a woman peeks from underneath a white cloth to cheat at the title game.","He also painted a man under a stone statue of Cupid peeking under the dress of a woman who kicks off her shoe in mid-air.","For 10 points, name this painter of The Progress of Love and Blind Man's Bluff, a Rococo artist best known for The Swing."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62df8ab610329be735a33ef0.json b/tossups/f0/62df8ab610329be735a33ef0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7e6fc2dfa0db0d9631d3f2e3a8146db3428a929f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62df8ab610329be735a33ef0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.88],[5.0,10.16],[10.28,14.92],[15.04,22.52],[22.64,27.8],[27.92,30.8]],"texts":["Celso Furtado was in charge of an agency for developing this country's poor northeast region, SUDENE.","Lampiao was a famous cangaceiro, or bandit, from this country's hinterlands in the 1920s.","In the northeast of this country, the \"polygon of drought\" is the driest part of its sertao region.","\"Cidade Maravilhosa\" is the anthem and nickname of this country's second-largest city, which lies near Corcovado, the site of a \"Christ the Redeemer\" statue.","Shantytowns around cities like Salvator here have been destroyed in preparation for the 2016 Olympics.","For 10 points, name this country, home to Sao Paulo."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956f0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956f0.json
new file mode 100644
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--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.76],[6.88,21.72],[21.84,25.92],[26.04,36.04],[36.16,40.48],[40.6,48.16]],"texts":["The decays of this particle are typically used to measure the angles of the \"unitarity triangle\" derived from the CKM matrix,","and one of those angles is directly measurable from the decay of this particle's neutral form into a J/psi and a strange K. The charge of a lepton emitting the semileptonic decay of this particle is used to determine whether the heavy constituent of this particle is matter or antimatter,","a technique known as a form of \"favor tagging\" named for that heavy constituent.","The AR-GUS group used the decay of the 4S resonance of the upsilon meson to measure the oscillation between this particle's neutral variant's matter and antimatter states; those oscillations,","like those of the kaon, make this particle useful for studies of CP violation.","For 10 points, identify this meson studied in the BELLE and BaBar experiments, a bound state of a frst-generation quark and an anti-bottom quark."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957f0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b72979ebd3b154e9d280ded55f8dc5abcf150e84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.56],[8.68,17.84],[17.96,21.68],[21.8,28.32],[28.44,36.12],[36.24,43.36],[43.48,50.0],[50.12,56.08]],"texts":["In an essay published on the ffieth anniversary of the introduction of these concepts, Fred Dretske broke these concepts into two independent assumptions, and argued that for many philosophers,","rejecting the closure principle that is the second assumption, brings \"Armageddon.\" In order to address the critique presented by these concepts, Ernest Sosa formulated the triple-A criteria,","which assess an action based on accuracy, adroitness, and aptness.","In his book Thought, Gilbert Harman for-mulated the \"no false lemmas\" reply to the objections raised by these concepts,","and Roderick Chisholm's most famous work used the concept of something being \"evident\" to counteract the critique originated by the formulator of these concepts.","The paper which frst formulated these concepts presented one of them in which Smith infers that Brown is in Barcelona on the grounds that Jones owns a Ford.","Formulated to give a negative answer to that paper's title, \"Is Justifed True Belief Knowledge?\" for 10 points,","identify these seemingly paradoxical epistemic scenarios formulated by the namesake American philosopher."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958f0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..35a04ac75e3e85fb8f78a4c247a172f73590238a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,14.4],[14.52,18.4],[18.52,27.48],[27.6,28.92],[29.04,35.48],[35.6,45.8],[45.92,55.0]],"texts":["One character in this story boasts about describing an Australian region with the brilliant line of poetry, \"Yawns a bored skeleton - Color?","Sky-pearly.\" A postscript in this story mentions a manuscript by the Brazilian consul Captain Burton that discusses a mirror owned by Alexander the Great.","One character in this story rants against the obsession with literary prologues,","an attitude he calls \"prologomania,\" before asking the narrator to recommend someone to write a \"foreword\" for his poetry collection aimingto versify every terrestrial feature of the planet,","titled The Earth.","The narrator of this story visits a house every April 30th on Calle Garay afer the death of Beatriz Viterbo.","At the end of this story Zunni tries to stop the landlords Zunino and Zungri from tearing down a house where Carlos Argentino Daneri shows the narrator the title object at the nineteenth step down to the basement.","For 10 points, name this 1945 short story titled for a symbol of infnity where one can see every point in the universe, written by Jorge Luis Borges."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959f0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4c2a878cc11acfeecae2fe3667f55ae5c09541b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.32],[2.44,10.12],[10.24,13.2],[13.32,19.92],[20.04,30.64],[30.76,38.32],[38.44,45.12],[45.24,53.0]],"texts":["One character in this essay tells a long,","embarrassing anecdote about covering his wife's nude body with a sombrero so a plumber can help her afer she is sucked into a toilet by a powerful sewage system,","which turns out to be a terrible set-up for a one-line joke.","In one scene in this essay the stuck-up Mona deceitfully tells a waiter that it's her birthday even though it's actually the birthday of her tablemate Alice.","An essay by Frank Conroy is quoted throughout this work to explicate an attitude dubbed \"pampering.\" This essay ends with the narrator going into a visionary trance during the performance of a cruel hypnotist named Nigel Ellery.","Its narrator attends a lecture given by Scott Peterson in the Rainbow Room and becomes infatuated with the maid Petra while staying in Cabin 1009.","This essay begins with the narrator waiting at Fort Lauderdale airport to board the Zenith, which is renamed the Nadir in a footnote.","It was originally published in Harper's as \"Shipping Out.\" For 10 points, name this essay about a horrible seven-day cruise by David Foster Wallace."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95af0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95af0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4dd923a959b1fc6505b72f1b2cb2997ae810ebfb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95af0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.24],[3.36,8.28],[8.4,13.88],[14.0,23.28],[23.4,28.48],[28.6,33.2],[33.32,37.96],[38.08,42.84],[42.96,48.16]],"texts":["The formation of these structures can be predicted by the DiANNA software.","PRDX4 contributes to the formation of these structures by removing excess hydrogen peroxide.","The formation of ascorbate via DHAR is accompanied by the formation of one of these structures in the enzyme's second substrate.","Ero1 (ee-ro-one) regenerates the activity of one protein which forms these structures; that protein contains four TRX domains, two of which contain the CXXC motif.","RNase A contains 4 of these structures, which prefer to have dihedral angles near 90°.","One of these structures exists in the oxidized, but not the reduced form of glutathione.","DTT and beta-mercaptoethanol are used to cleave these structures, which are formed by PDI.","Keratin is rich in these structures, which link together the heavy and light chains of antibodies.","For 10 points, name these bonds in the tertiary structures of proteins which form between cysteine residues."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bf0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bf0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..584d974417aa74084a92f8ced8fb146f44a5e264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bf0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.28],[9.4,17.52],[17.64,24.76],[24.88,30.84],[30.96,36.96],[37.08,41.92],[42.04,48.64]],"texts":["A prostitute delivers a monologue to this play's protagonist in which she describes looking through a window at the drowned body of a past lover and concludes, \"the person who enjoys the most,","prays the most.\" The title character of this play tells his wife that in order for them to know each other, they would need to crack open their skulls and manually draw out thoughts from their brains.","That protagonist of this play refers to his body as a \"broken fiddle\" after being condemned to death for plotting to blow up the National Convention.","In this play, Lucile Desmoulins yells out, \"Long live the King!\" during her husband's execution.","In the first act of this play, a member of the Jacobin Club delivers a monologue advocating for the use of weapons of terror,","and later uses the Revolutionary Tribunal to oversee the execution of this play's title character.","For 10 points, name this historical play in which Robespierre is responsible for the title event, a work by Georg Buchner."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cf0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cf0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7479edb1de779c1ce8f95a9de1554edff0c03d11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cf0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.12],[9.24,14.32],[14.44,20.92],[21.04,27.04],[27.16,34.12],[34.24,41.4],[41.52,50.32]],"texts":["An illuminated manuscript of a text originally by this writer was produced in 1467 by the monk Donnus Nicolaus Ger-manus, and is now held in Poland's Zamoyski Library.","The Harleian Collection's Miniscule 3686 is a recreation of a work by this man,","which had its first modern Latin translation produced in 1406 by Jacobus Angelus based on a copy obtained by Manuel Chrysoloras.","The Vietnamese site Oc Eo is sometimes identified with the location \"Kattigara\" mentioned by this man,","who created a five-book work consisting of a series of justifications and corrections for data on longitudes and latitudes.","Earlier work by Marinus of Tyre provided the basis for the oikumene described by this man, which ran from the Canary Islands to the middle of China.","For 10 points, name this author of the Tetrabiblos, as well as the Cosmographia or Geography, a Greco-Egyptian figure who also wrote about astronomy in his Almagest."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95df0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95df0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..1a741b2c804570a6adca62e36f0ca1cff0849610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95df0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,12.0],[12.12,21.28],[21.4,28.88],[29.0,41.6],[41.72,44.8]],"texts":["Recent excavations in this country's Bose Basin have unearthed the Acheulian axe, which repudiates the theory of the Movius Line.","In 2012, the largest ever feathered dinosaur, of genus Yutyrannus, was discovered in this country.","A French anthropologist working in this country argued that galactic, earth, life and consciousness were the four types of evolution, which he incorporated into his later book The Phenomenon of Man.","In 1978, the elongated, fossilized skull of Dali Man was found in this country, providing some physical evidence of man in the Pleistocene.","Johan Gunnar Andersson found two teeth in a cave near this country's \"Chicken Bone Hill.\" A Jesuit anthropologist working in this country named Pierre Teilhard de Chardin worked with Davidson Black to discover the fossilized remains of a Homo Erectus in the Western Hills near Zhoukoudian.","For 10 points, name this country of origin of Peking Man."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ef0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ef0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..baafa58e94902aece5e0766902f3c6725e9221ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95ef0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,11.68],[11.8,16.8],[16.92,24.84],[24.96,32.32],[32.44,38.52]],"texts":["An Italian merchant named Giannino Baglioni claimed to be a member of this dynasty, but was captured on the march and died in prison in Naples.","Princesses from this dynasty accused their sisters-in-law of infidelity in the Tour de Nesle Affair,","which took place during the reign of a king who won the Battle of Mons en Pevele to avenge a previous loss.","Kings of this dynasty sent Andrew of Longjumeau and Rabban ben Sauma to set up an alliance with the Mongols, and it lost the Battle of the Golden Spurs.","This dynasty also included a son of Blanche of Castile who was captured at the Battle of Fariskur during the Seventh Crusade, and who built the Sainte Chapelle.","For 10 points, name this French dynasty that included Philip IV and Louis IX, which was founded in 987 by Hugh."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962f0.json b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962f0.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..24af249b6a78f23382522b87e218473c486ec362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f0/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962f0.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.0],[5.12,12.68],[12.8,19.28],[19.4,27.44],[27.56,33.12]],"texts":["Recent transcriptome data suggests that this structure may have developed in ctenophora independently of other animal phyla.","A stomodaeal one of these structures is associated with the viscera of insects - the equivalent structure in vertebrates contains divisions named for Meissner and Auerbach.","In hermaphroditic C. elegans this structure contains exactly 302 cells with 56 supporting glial cells.","The vertebrate autonomic one is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic parts while the peripheral one is divided into sensory and motor divisions.","For 10 points identify these structures, the central one of which comprises a spinal cord and brain in vertebrates."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f5.json b/tossups/f5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d2a22d75c6fc8762f6cc25c82dbc784db820a3e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.48],[6.6,15.6],[15.72,23.56],[23.68,26.4],[26.52,30.64],[30.76,36.64],[36.76,42.4]],"texts":["One man with this characteristic was used as a specimen in a museum after his death, and belonged to the same Masonic lodge as Mozart and Schubert.","Another man with this characteristic established a fortress at Janjira that remained unconquered by the Marathas and the British, from whom it requested that it remain independent from India.","Another man with this characteristic, Abram Gannibal, convinced Alexander Suvorov's father to allow young Alexander to pursue a military career.","He was the great-grandfather of Alexander Pushkin.","The founder of a philosophical school named for this characteristic was Aime Cesaire.","Another man with this characteristic, Onesimus, worked with Cotton Mather to introduce smallpox immunization to the US.","For ten points, name this characteristic shared by former slaves such as Malik Ambar and Angelo Soliman."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87f5.json b/tossups/f5/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7010e7226606213f71a98e933e316c15657eca6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.6],[7.72,13.4],[13.52,17.88],[18.0,22.36],[22.48,28.6],[28.72,37.84],[37.96,43.88]],"texts":["A historian called \"Simocatta\" wrote an account of an event in which one of these two powers backed a pretender who came from one of the Seven Great Houses.","Partly because these two powers could not agree on the status of Suania, a \"fifty-year\" peace between them was eventually ignored.","Major clashes between these two powers frequently centered on the border fortress of Dara.","They carried out proxy conflicts through such clients as the Ghassanid and Lakhmid dynasties.","The Lazic and Iberian Wars were fought between these two powers, with the latter being concluded by the Treaty of Perpetual Peace.","These powers clashed during a non-BCE era Battle of Nineveh, at which part of the True Cross was recovered by Heraclius; shortly after, both were overrun by Arab invaders.","For 10 points, name these two powers led by contemporaries Khusrau and Justinian, both called \"the Great.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7f5.json b/tossups/f5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dc9dd4d32f480939b9b324b6b382897bf07a16dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.56],[5.68,11.36],[11.48,17.2],[17.32,22.32],[22.44,30.2],[30.32,36.68],[36.8,39.92]],"texts":["In a Gaussian beam, this quantity's amplitude is expressed as a solution to the paraxial Helmholtz equation.","For spin quantum numbers above 1/2, this quantity's gradient couples the nuclear quadrupole moment.","It's not voltage, but high values of this quantity facilitate electron tunneling in the reverse breakdown of a Zener diode.","This quantity equals displacement field minus polarization density all over vacuum permittivity.","Birefringence varies linearly with this quantity in the Pockels effect, and the square of this quantity is proportional to changes in index of refraction in the Kerr effect.","This quantity disappears inside of a time independent conductor, and it is crossed with the B-field in the Poynting vector.","For 10 points, name this field surrounding electric charge."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebf5.json b/tossups/f5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebf5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f3500e839351d3fa5cb28a1c2cb2d42d04a45aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0aebf5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.12],[6.24,16.64],[16.76,24.96],[25.08,28.72],[28.84,33.92],[34.04,41.64]],"texts":["A paper about children learning this language by Kees Versteegh analyzed its acquisition from the perspective of creolization.","This language has undergone changes in the 20th century including the emergence of subjunctive participles using the vowel \"u\" and the loss of the word-final \"n\" which marks the accusative case.","This language's speakers have developed innovative coinages using the \"mal-\" derivational prefix, such as \"malstartas\", meaning \"to turn off\".","This language separates parts of speech by different word-final vowels.","This language, whose name means \"one who hopes\", was intended to bring about international cooperation.","For 10 points, name this international auxiliary language constructed by L. L. Zamenhof which is the world's most-spoken constructed language."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738af5.json b/tossups/f5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738af5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..03d9f768cab41897c3eb5ea33c24b350c10d9ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738af5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.12],[7.24,10.96],[11.08,15.44],[15.56,24.84],[24.96,30.52],[30.64,39.32],[39.44,43.16]],"texts":["The coalescence of grain boundaries during industrial deposition processes contributes to the \"intrinsic\" value of this quantity in a thin film,","which can be calculated by the substrate curvature method using the Stoney equation.","The value of this quantity in an isotropic material is considered in the Tresca criterion.","By defining a plane whose normal vectors make equal angles with all three principal axes, one can define an \"octahedral\" value of this quantity which is proportional to its J2 invariant.","This non-dimensionless quantity can be broken into a \"hydrostatic\" component and a \"deviatoric\" component,","both of which are represented by rank-2 tensors whose diagonal elements are \"normal\" and whose off-diagonal elements are \"shear.\" For 10 points, name this quantity which, like pressure,","has units of force per unit area and induces strain in a material."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ef5.json b/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ef5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6198390806d9d0eeac4d83282bff86ac82ea675
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ef5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.88],[7.0,13.92],[14.04,21.96],[22.08,29.36],[29.48,37.88]],"texts":["This man commanded an army that was wracked by the so-called \"mutiny of the Usipi,\" which led to a voyage resulting in cannibalism.","In an earlier campaign, he reportedly forced the natives of the \"island of Mona\" to beg for peace through the swimming prowess of his auxiliary troops.","He served under Salvius Titianus after being appointed quaestor in Asia and after he shared a battle tent with his military tutor Suetonius Paulinus.","He commanded the victorious army at the Battle of Mons Graupius, leading the Twentieth Legion to a victory over Calcagus, the chief of the Caledonians.","For 10 points, name this man who drew the ire of the emperor Domitian according to the account of his life by his son-in-law Tacitus, and who served as a longtime governor of Britain."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ff5.json b/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ff5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..726f19c1b4c2e672cd11471361481f319cfd4d73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ff5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.4],[3.52,10.36],[10.48,17.52],[17.64,21.36],[21.48,28.28],[28.4,32.04],[32.16,35.92],[36.04,44.48]],"texts":["The measurements for it use a nondispersive infrared gas analyzer.","Short-term measurements preceding it were taken in Pasadena and Big Sur, but this curve gives continuous observations since 1958.","It shows a dip each year in summer, due to drawdown by photosynthesis, with annual variation of about 5 parts per million by volume.","Observations for it are taken at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii.","Initially it showed a concentration of about 315 ppmv, but the newest points on the curve are above 390 ppmv.","The main cause of this rising trend is the burning of fossil fuels.","It is discussed in An Inconvenient Truth as evidence for global warming.","For 10 points, what is this graph, named for a scientist from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, that shows atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e04080f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e04080f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4039bddbb3e5feef29f9f502fa4f38845d55960f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df3ddba2602b93e04080f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.96],[6.08,9.96],[10.08,20.4],[20.52,23.76],[23.88,31.44],[31.56,39.48],[39.6,43.8]],"texts":["His first symphony ends with a passacaglia and despite its odd title is actually composed of four movements.","One of this man's works, which was originally called The Serpent Heart,","features a Parodos that introduces the characters and includes a notable \"Dance of Vengeance.\" Another of this man's pieces opens with a flute solo before other themes, including one for brasses,","begin; it is the second of two Essays for Orchestra.","He was inspired by Prometheus Unbound in creating his Music for a Scene from Shelley and looked to Sheridan to compose the Overture to the School for Scandal.","Another work by this composer of the Capricorn Concerto originated as the slow movement of a Quartet in B minor and was first performed by Toscanini in 1938.","For 10 points, identify this composer of Vanessa and the Adagio for Strings."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df7ca243aee49db2f769f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df7ca243aee49db2f769f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2a74a7c6605bd0ba82ec937e1387ca1f19dd716c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df7ca243aee49db2f769f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.84],[7.96,12.84],[12.96,22.0],[22.12,27.72],[27.84,35.08],[35.2,39.36]],"texts":["The death of a self-flagellating follower of this man led crowds at a tomb to practice a \"release\" ritual, in which they violently beat a person undergoing convulsions.","A \"respectful silence\" towards this man's followers was ended by the decree Vineam Domini..","This man wrote a three-volume book with sections discussing Pelagianism and original sin; that book espoused a namesake theologian's idea of irresistible grace.","Five claims from that book by him, the Augustinus, were denounced by the papal bull Cum occasione.","During the formulary controversy, this theologian was supported in a text attacking Jesuit casuistry, the Provincial Letters of Blaise Pascal.","For 10 points, name this Dutch bishop who founded a namesake breakaway Catholic sect."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df7ca243aee49db2f76af5.json b/tossups/f5/62df7ca243aee49db2f76af5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..5ecd715ea58b8db33a8356b46a77ea94bdff1407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df7ca243aee49db2f76af5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,13.36],[13.48,17.08],[17.2,24.92],[25.04,28.8],[28.92,37.56]],"texts":["This locale is the setting for \"The Death of Schillinger\" and several other stories narrated by Tadek in a book by Tadeusz Borowski.","Another author divided its populace into \"the Drowned\" and \"the Saved\" in a book whose title translates as If This Is a Man.","Madame Schachter sees visions of fire before reaching this place in another book.","Theodor Adorno argued that \"to write a poem after this place is barbaric.\" A hanging boy captivates the attention of Shlomo's son in this place,","where Eliezer loses faith and refuses to commemorate Rosh Hashanah.","For 10 points, name this place survived by Primo Levi, a setting in This Way for the Gas, Ladies and Gentlemen and in Night, an autobiographical novel by Elie Wiesel."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff5.json b/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..9111a4f28ba73ce5ceeabeffbfc75a592b5624d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571cff5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.52],[5.64,9.88],[10.0,19.84],[19.96,25.84],[25.96,36.28]],"texts":["One character in this novel serves the protagonist a rancid seafood meal as she recounts how her girlfriend had been killed.","A nun in a bathtub cuts open her stomach and scrubs the entrails in this novel.","Its narrator discovers that political dissidents were sent to inferior retirement homes and hears a man proclaim that \"nature inevitably takes revenge\" when assaulted by projects such as the Three Gorges Dam.","The author of this autobiographical novel had hopped on a ramshackle bus to the south after being falsely diagnosed with lung cancer.","The characters in this novel are only voices with the names \"He,\" \"She,\" \"You,\" and \"I.\" For 10 points, name this novel set in a Chinese location called Lingshan and written by Gao Xingjian."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc6716f72b8216aaa0f16583700e3f36dca8a6b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,3.2],[3.32,8.88],[9.0,14.44],[14.56,17.64],[17.76,20.8],[20.92,25.24],[25.36,32.32]],"texts":["The assumption in Britton's lemma is that the word is equal to this.","Any element of a coset H acts as one of these for H. In a group, if an element is of this type,","it must commute with all other group elements and furthermore there is only one of these elements in a group.","This is the result of a function composed with its inverse.","In algebra, there are usually written as e.","For matrices, this a matrix with ones down the diagonal and zeros elsewhere.","For 10 points, name these elements and functions that preserve the operand exemplified by how one times any integer b is b."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df8012e66cc66ca571d2f5.json
new file mode 100644
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.32],[4.44,8.48],[8.6,14.8],[14.92,17.2],[17.32,23.8],[23.92,29.12]],"texts":["These figures were the handmaidens to the young Persephone before she was abducted by Hades.","These beings almost caused the death of Butes before he was saved by Aphrodite.","They are sometimes considered the daughters of Achelous, and their names are given as Peisinoe, Aglaope, and Thelxiepeia.","Orpheus' lyre saved the Argonauts from them.","In the Odyssey, they are encountered shortly before Scylla and Charybdis, and they inspire Odysseus to tie himself to the mast.","For 10 points, name these half-bird women whose beautiful singing would lure sailors to their deaths."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd757f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd757f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..8ad315c3e4eb6335b6a20cc7a5c5c010ea37a5cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd757f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.76],[9.88,12.84],[12.96,19.4],[19.52,23.16],[23.28,31.6]],"texts":["In the formula for Griffith's criterion, this value is inversely proportional to the energy release rate G. The area under the curve whose slope is this quantity is the toughness.","Elastomers typically have a very low value for this quantity.","This value can be determined for a material by taking multiplying one plus Poisson's ratio by twice the shear modulus.","Below the yield strength, this value is the ratio of stress to strain.","For 10 points, name this measure of an object's stiffness, a quantity having units of pressure that is sometimes named for an English physicist."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd757f5.opus b/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd757f5.opus
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd758f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df83920c3a38102cd758f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3fd73756274d1643b6122f42a2b37e15d700bee
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.92],[8.04,14.52],[14.64,23.6],[23.72,29.6],[29.72,34.76]],"texts":["One character in this play determines which of his nephews to leave his fortune to by alternately posing as the broker Mister Premium and the poor relation Mister Stanley.","In the fourth act of this play, one character's hypocrisy is exposed when a screen in his house is drawn up, revealing the wife of Sir Peter.","Missus Candour encourages this play's main vice, which is personified by Snake, who encourages Maria to marry the seemingly moral Joseph by spreading lies about Charles Surface.","At the end of this play, Lady Teazle resolves to stop spreading ill-natured gossip and leaves the circle of Lady Sneerwell.","For 10 points, name this Richard Brinsley Sheridan play about a group of rumormongerers."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb378f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..cc0bbac46eab264f27ca8a6d47559fd6b1a7e8f3
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@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.52],[7.64,14.32],[14.44,25.44],[25.56,32.0]],"texts":["Examples of these works include The Argonauts, Carnival, Actors, and Acrobats, which the Expressionist Max Beckmann created in Amsterdam.","The Furies of the Oresteia inspired the disturbing creatures in another work of this type, exhibited near the end of World War II.","Francis Bacon used this form to depict \"Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion.\" A famous example of these works , when closed, depicts the Creation, but when opened, depicts Earth, Heaven, and Hell.","For 10 points, name this type of painting exemplified by The Garden of Earthly Delights, which consists of three panels."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379f5.json b/tossups/f5/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379f5.json
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index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f24bffab41846159dcc7a53dc04e25ff0b85556c
--- /dev/null
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+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.84],[8.96,14.4],[14.52,23.2],[23.32,30.24],[30.36,36.12]],"texts":["In one of this author's stories, the protagonist is enraged when his \"Anabaptist\" Houdan hen is sold and chants a hymn with the lyric, \"His enemies called for peace,","but he brought them death.\" That story ends with the implied death of Missus de Ropp at the hands of the title creature.","This author concluded one story with the line, \"Romance at short notice was her specialty;\" in another of his stories, the child Conradin worships a polecat ferret.","In his most famous story, Vera Sappleton claims that three of her relatives were swallowed into a bog on a hunting trip to scare off Framton Nuttel.","For 10 points, name this author of comic short stories like \"Sredni Vashtar\" and \"The Open Window.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df8ab610329be735a33df5.json b/tossups/f5/62df8ab610329be735a33df5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..341b0185624fa9b44f2b49ee62d34e7827e4d028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df8ab610329be735a33df5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.52],[1.64,11.92],[12.04,18.16],[18.28,26.64],[26.76,30.96],[31.08,36.96]],"texts":["Immediately before this event,","the protagonist is shown a copy of a \"Hopalong Cassidy\" book which features such handwritten notes as \"read one improving book per week.\" This event concludes with a man wiping his glasses and saying,","\"the poor son-of-a-bitch.\" Shortly before this event, the novel's protagonist goes to the Swastika Holding Company to meet a criminal.","One man asks the protagonist to return his tennis shoes while refusing to come to this event, and the protagonist also fails to convince Ewing Klipspringer or Meyer Wolfsheim to attend.","The only people who attend it are \"Owl-Eyes,\" the victim's father, and Nick Carraway.","For 10 points, name this event in an F. Scott Fitzgerald novel in which the title character is memorialized."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/f5/62df8ab610329be735a33ef5.json b/tossups/f5/62df8ab610329be735a33ef5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..edc94f96e203e4d217199c2374d1e4ac4a0dcf23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62df8ab610329be735a33ef5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.44],[6.56,13.44],[13.56,16.76],[16.88,21.84],[21.96,28.64],[28.76,33.4]],"texts":["This ruler was opposed in his attempt to tax the clergy by Robert Winchelsey's publishing of the papal bull, Clericis laicos.","This king outlawed the practice of mortmain and undermined the structure of feudalism with the Quia Emptores, or Third Statute of Westminster.","This man won the Battle of Evesham against Simon de Montfort.","This king replaced the Treaty of Shrewsbury with the Treaty of Aberconwy after subduing a neighboring region.","The Jews were expelled from England by this ruler, who was victorious at the Battle of Falkirk after being defeated at Stirling Bridge by William Wallace.","For 10 points, name this English king who conquered Wales but failed to subdue Scotland."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956f5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..de22bf7007278df6b8fcabf2c1814f68e5f4f262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.0],[7.12,10.8],[10.92,17.6],[17.72,21.88],[22.0,28.56],[28.68,36.8],[36.92,40.96],[41.08,46.4]],"texts":["This author wrote about an orphan who joins Tony, Danny and Gilbert in a group that call themselves the \"Minna Men\" afer low-level mobster Frank Minna,","who owns a seedy detective agency before he's mysteriously stabbed to death.","This au-thor wrote about a mysterious tiger that sporadically appears and destroys buildings including the apartment of eccentric critic Perkus Tooth,","who forms an unlikely friendship with washed-up child actor Chase Insteadman in another novel.","The protag-onist of his most famous novel is the son of the former lead singer of a band called The Subtle Distinctions, Barrett Rude.","This author of Chronic City wrote about Lionel Essrog, a young detective with Tourette's, in Motherless Brooklyn and wrote about the teenage friends, Dylan Ebdus and Mingus Rude,","discovering a magic ring in a novel titled for Superman's headquarters.","For 10 points, name this American author who ofen writes about Brooklyn and penned The Fortress of Solitude."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957f5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4dac45a227f5c1dddcc83958d1bd7f722293bb06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.2],[7.32,11.44],[11.56,16.52],[16.64,23.96],[24.08,31.24],[31.36,38.36],[38.48,46.68]],"texts":["This king did a lot on his deathbed - frst, he secured passage of a bill which mandated that one son per family was eligible for conscription,","replacing a system where wealthy families could buy their way out of military service.","Five days before his death, he also illegally married the whore Caroline Lacroix, and lef her a large estate.","Seven years earlier, he was almost assas-sinated by Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino, and his queen, known as the \"Rose of Brabant,\" was also killed.","He created an army under the command of Leon Roger, known as the Force Publique, which outftted its soldiers with whips made from hippopotamus hide.","This king, who was succeeded by his nephew Albert I, famously had his activities documented by Roger Casement in a certain report.","Known for hiring Henry Stanley, for 10 points, name this late 19th century Belgian king who committed the Rubber Atrocities in his private colony of the Congo."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958f5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2374574b04bcbcea5144f273a4dc86d5f4405736
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,12.92],[13.04,21.52],[21.64,29.28],[29.4,38.68],[38.8,43.68],[43.8,50.2]],"texts":["A character in this novel observes a fock of rooks unsure about which tree to settle on, and bestows the names \"Joseph\" and \"Mary\" on their patriarch and its mate.","Frequent references are made to the \"little Chinese eyes\" of another character, who at the end of this novel remarks:","\"I have my vision.\" This novel depicts a boy cutting a square out of a fsh before throwing its living body back into the sea in a two-sentence chapter in brackets.","Another character in this novel wraps her shawl around a boar's skull and reads the story of \"The Fisherman and His Wife\" at diferent times to assuage her children.","In this novel's second section, a description of a storm assailing a dilapidated house maintained by Missus McNab is interjected with paren-thetical descriptions of the deaths of Andrew and Prue.","In this novel's frst section Paul Rayley proposes to Minta Doyle at a party hosted on the Isle of Skye.","For 10 points, name this novel that ends when Lily Briscoe fnally completes her portrait of Missus Ramsay, written by Virginia Woolf."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959f5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c7394dc5825ee3be76445fff232c54f6e43268fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.72],[7.84,15.72],[15.84,23.88],[24.0,32.84],[32.96,41.12],[41.24,50.64]],"texts":["The American philosopher Alexander Bryan Johnson proposed an \"operational\" theory of this concept, which partly titles his 1854 work about this idea.","In his Mind and the World Order, C.I. Lewis outlined four modes of this concept, which he further divided between \"holophrastic\" and \"analytic\" instantiations.","Michael Dummett published two essays both asking in the title, \"What is a theory of,\" this concept, in which he argued against the truth-conditional theory of this idea.","In a 1957 pa-per titled only by this concept, H.P. Grice argued that in order to fully understand this concept, the utterer's intentions must be taken into account.","Hilary Putnam's \"Twin Earth\" thought experiment was intended to show that this concept \"ain't just in the head,\" a position known as semantic externalism.","For 10 points, identify this property of a sentence which indicates the content the speaker wishes to express, and which, used twice, completes the title of Putnam's \"Twin Earth\" paper."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95af5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95af5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a6ce58a477ab9fb881a6a777220100fd8c38971d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95af5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,16.88],[17.0,25.12],[25.24,31.16],[31.28,36.72],[36.84,43.52],[43.64,49.52]],"texts":["One ruler by this name stabbed himself in the company of his eunuch Drastamat after being thrown in jail trying to negotiate peace with Shapur II.","Another ruler by this name, also known as Artabanus, ceased minting coins after a loss to Antiochus III at the Battle of Mount Labus, which allowed Antiochus to occupy Hecatompylos.","The numerically second ruler of this name was succeeded by his son Pap, and built several hospitals and monasteries with the help of his chamberlain Saint Nerses the Great.","The final Roman client ruler of Armenia had this name, as did a king credited with founding the city of Nisa.","The revolt of the governor Andragoras allowed that ruler of this name to lead the Parni tribe in occupying Hyrcania.","The kingdom founded by that man later employed the general Surena, who poured molten gold down the throat of Crassus after defeating him at Carrhae.","For 10 points, identify that man who was the namesake of a dynasty as the first ruler of the Parthian kingdom."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bf5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bf5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e6b4892a8fe2da94b25717778f4915e99ee52c47
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bf5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.04],[6.16,14.84],[14.96,20.68],[20.8,24.88],[25.0,30.4],[30.52,37.72],[37.84,43.6],[43.72,47.68]],"texts":["This object is listed between \"Grani's fair burden\" and \"the down of Grafvitnir\" in a poem from the Bjarkamal.","A dwarf with the same name as this entity is the first of the list of Dvalin's throng in the \"Dvergatal\" of the Voluspo, the only reference to this object's name in eddic poetry.","In the Skirnismal, Skirnir offers eleven golden apples and this item to Gymir's daughter Gerd on behalf of Freyr.","During the creation of this object, its creator was bitten on the neck by a fly.","Hermod brings this artifact back to Asgard from Hel after it was thrown onto the funeral pyre of Baldr.","It was created as part of a wager between Loki and Brokkr and Sindri, who forge this artifact along with Gullinbursti and Mjolnir.","Like Andvaranaut, this annular artifact also produces eight similar objects of the same weight every ninth night.","For 10 points, name this magic golden ring initially possessed by Odin."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cf5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cf5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d6667e1834e1516cea84e102113536f8497e2951
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95cf5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.36],[6.48,11.04],[11.16,18.76],[18.88,24.6],[24.72,31.96],[32.08,37.04],[37.16,44.88]],"texts":["After a defeat, the leader of an uprising against this ruler supposedly watched a city burn from the Mari forest under his namesake oak tree;","that leader was beheaded and cut into four pieces to be displayed on wheels before the pieces were burned.","This non-French ruler set up two banks for paper currency, including one designed by Giacomo Quarenghi located at the old Sea Market building,","and each bank created 500,000 notes of \"assignation\" currency to replace the glut of impractical copper money.","One hundred wives and daughters of the Greek Infantry Battalion were enlisted to receive this ruler as the \"Amazon Company\" during a tour of the Tauric provinces.","This ruler's threat to intervene forced the Treaty of Teschen in the War of Bavarian Succession.","For 10 points, identify this ruler for whom fake settlements known as \"Potemkin Villages\" were erected during her 1787 visit to the Crimea that she annexed."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95df5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95df5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..69a693b24c4aeaee869c7df1e94f036e69417d77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95df5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.68],[5.8,11.76],[11.88,20.52],[20.64,27.04],[27.16,30.04],[30.16,39.0],[39.12,43.32],[43.44,50.36]],"texts":["A likely-fictional account and defense of this man's life was written hundreds of years later by Lucas Tudensis.","He composed many letters to his younger associate Braulio, who compiled a posthumous list of his works called the Renotatio.","This man who is not Lucretius dedicated his text On the Nature of Things to the ruler Sisebut, a friend of his whom he praised as an enlightened king.","This man's younger sister Florentina allegedly held claim over forty convents, and at her request he wrote his two books Against the Jews,","while his younger brother Fulgentius served as bishop of Astigi.","He gained his highest office by replacing his older brother Leander, who had been a favorite of Pope Gregory I. This man is remembered for composing a twenty-book encyclopedia,","which offers to explain the origin of several words, entitled the Etymologies.","For 10 points, name this Doctor of the Church, a saint who served under the Visigoths in Spain as archbishop in Seville."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962f5.json b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962f5.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..98586f3fbd7be9be77063524db154f33c8aac169
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/f5/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962f5.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.24],[9.36,16.48],[16.6,24.04],[24.16,28.2],[28.32,35.64]],"texts":["In one work by this man, the title character's sister is seen giving a man the key to the room of an engaged woman by her fiance, leading to false accusations of infidelity.","In another work, Zerbinetta asks the title character, \"Are we not both women?\" before proceeding to outshine her with a coloratura aria.","This composer of Arabella also penned an opera in which the title character performs a striptease to her father-in-law, the Dance of the Seven Veils,","and in return receives the head of John the Baptist on a silver platter.","Ariadne auf Naxos and Salome are, for 10 points, operas by this German composer of Der Rosenkavalier and Elektra."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4efc.json b/tossups/fc/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4efc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ad5e8ced7828e70d21394a7f6d14605cc80fb618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a4efc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,9.52],[9.64,11.88],[12.0,22.24],[22.36,26.08],[26.2,32.96],[33.08,37.64]],"texts":["A short piece by this composer begins with the right hand playing the eighth notes \"F A F C F high-F.\" Several movements of a long piece by this composer include extensive hand-crossing,","since they were meant to be played on two keyboards.","That piece by this composer includes canons at every interval up to the ninth, as well as a \"Quodlibet.\" This composer included several \"little preludes\" in a keyboard book for his eldest son,","and included songs like \"Bist du bei mir\" in a Notebook for his second wife.","He wrote two books of preludes and fugues in each major and minor key, as well as a piece recorded in 1955 by Glenn Gould.","For 10 points, name this composer of the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57fc.json b/tossups/fc/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..4d7741cf5e6497a6c3d972a91867d4c78d6488e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62d98017f67c8a6f6e0a57fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,12.92],[13.04,15.92],[16.04,25.4],[25.52,27.16],[27.28,33.28],[33.4,39.76]],"texts":["One man with this first name loaned Pennsylvania $3,000,000 to finance its civil war effort.","That man was charged with selling more than a billion dollars' worth of bonds, but his financial empire collapsed after he failed to complete the Northern Pacific Railroad,","thus precipitating the Panic of 1873.","Another man with this first name, but not the nickname \"Diamond Jim\", attempted with his partner to corner the gold market, with disastrous results that caused another panic.","That partner was James Fisk.","One man with this last name signed an unpopular treaty with Great Britain and was the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.","For ten points, name this first name of men named Cooke and Gould, and the last name of John, who co-wrote the Federalist Papers."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87fc.json b/tossups/fc/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..859631b6649d2381f950fbf681ebecdd753a9698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62d98018f67c8a6f6e0a87fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.8],[8.92,22.56],[22.68,30.96],[31.08,39.08],[39.2,44.12]],"texts":["This man unsuccessfully tried to convince Charlie Chaplin to star in his never-produced \"great super-ballet of New York\" featuring typewriters and radio, Chronkite's Clocks.","This writer lambasted detective stories in the essay \"Who Cares Who Killed Roger Ackroyd?\" and contrasted comparative literature and connoisseurship with the title concept in \"The Historical Interpretation of Literature.\" This author wrote a work whose title derives from \"Maryland,","My Maryland\" and a work whose name refers to a Villiers de l'Isle Adam play; in the latter work, this husband of Mary McCarthy provided an overview of Symbolist literature.","This author of To the Finland Station included figures like Albion Tourgee and Harriet Beecher Stowe in another work highlighting Civil War literature.","For 10 points, name this American literary critic who wrote Axel's Castle and Patriotic Gore."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6fc.json b/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..57cab3407d9939b65d72c6fb6dc2aa313f195c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae6fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.4],[4.52,12.88],[13.0,18.56],[18.68,24.08],[24.2,33.12],[33.24,37.32]],"texts":["The Nash-Williams theorem provides conditions for which one of these objects is k-arboric.","The Bron-Kerbosch algorithm uses a pivot point to minimize the number of recursive calls while finding the maximum number of cliques \"clicks\" on one of these objects.","Adjacency lists are more space-efficient representations than adjacency matrices when these objects are termed \"sparse\".","A classic NP-indeterminate problem asks whether one of these objects is isomorphic to another one of them.","A big-O of E-log-E runtime algorithm named for Kruskal iteratively connects segments of increasing edge weights to generate a minimum spanning tree on one of these objects.","For 10 points, name these constructs consisting of vertices connected by edges."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7fc.json b/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c33dac806e5026e92eebc7a30557214ad358cad4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae7fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.72],[5.84,10.36],[10.48,13.12],[13.24,19.68],[19.8,26.88],[27.0,32.0],[32.12,35.92]],"texts":["A 3-stage model of this mountain range's formation begins with the Notre Dame arc colliding with the Laurentian margin slab.","Cameron's line is a suture zone dating this mountain range's formation to the Taconic orogeny.","The Hamilton Group maps bedrock from this mountain range.","The Inner Piedmont Belt contains a high density of Paleozoic, metamorphic rocks that characterize the \"crystalline\" subset of this mountain range.","Trappings of natural gas within an outcropping of shale from this mountain range's Marcellus formation prompted a surge in \"fracking\" in the 2010s.","Carboniferous-era peat bogs supply the abundant bituminous coal reserves in this mountain range.","For 10 points, name this longest mountain range in eastern North America."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8fc.json b/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..ff8f14d091bb453117479f102b2635272e4c696d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62d98019f67c8a6f6e0ae8fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,1.92],[2.04,10.84],[10.96,15.4],[15.52,20.28],[20.4,26.52],[26.64,34.52],[34.64,41.24]],"texts":["In Twin Peaks: The Return,","Agent Cooper sticks a fork in a power outlet after hearing a character in this film say \"Get me Gordon Cole.\" Buster Keaton has a cameo in this film as one of three bridge players.","This film's protagonist is mistaken for an undertaker who is hired to bury a chimpanzee.","A character in this film responds to the claim \"You used to be big\" with \"I am big.","It's the pictures that got small.\" This film is narrated by the dead protagonist, who is first seen facedown in a swimming pool.","This film ends with a character played by Gloria Swanson looking at news cameras and saying \"Mister Demille, I'm ready for my closeup.\" For 10 points,","name this 1950 Billy Wilder film about the aging silent film star Norma Desmond, named for a Los Angeles street."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389fc.json b/tossups/fc/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..3ab519a34cee464a7b0ddf0abfeaa406672c7a1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df3a4b1c64d9772f7389fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.44],[8.56,14.4],[14.52,19.08],[19.2,24.28],[24.4,29.72],[29.84,37.64],[37.76,42.56],[42.68,47.64]],"texts":["In this modern-day country, Derek Aikman and Hubert Elrington were members of the nationalist Patriotic Alliance for Territorial Integrity, formed by newspaper editor Philip Goldson.","The GWU was an early labor union in this country, where Antonio Soberanis Gomez led a series of worker protests.","This country rejected the 1968 Webster Proposals with its western neighbor.","Gwendolyn Lizarraga, known as Madam Liz, was the first woman elected to its legislature.","Following a currency devaluation in this modern-day country, the People's United Party was formed by George Price.","The remains of Fort Mundy and Cairns are in this country's logging town of Orange Walk, located several miles inland from its largest island, the Ambergris Caye.","This country gained independence in 1981, before which it was known as British Honduras.","For 10 points, name this nation with its center at Belmopan, located to the east of Guatemala."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738afc.json b/tossups/fc/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738afc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..737cf22dd169e4cb91c806bb762a83e8fd53c3f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df3a4b1c64d9772f738afc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.64],[7.76,15.32],[15.44,25.68],[25.8,31.32],[31.44,41.32],[41.44,47.68],[47.8,55.56]],"texts":["An author from this movement wrote a novel partly set in locations like Satanopolis and the \"Grand Hotel Metaphysics\" and includes a Chinese kraken as a character.","That novel from this movement, Tenderenda, includes a poem beginning \"joli-fanto bambla o falli bambla grossiga m'pfa,","habla horem,\" which was meant to show the \"equilibrium of the vowels.\" A manifesto from this movement says \"to put out a manifesto you must want: ABC, to fulminate against 1, 2,","3\" An author from this movement would often dress up as a \"cubist bishop\" and perform his sound poetry,","such as \"Karawane.\" A play from this movement ends with the repeated lines \"Go lie down\" and \"This will end with a lovely marriage\" and an Eye, Nose, Mouth, Ear and Neck as characters.","A co-founder of the Cabaret Voltaire was a member of this movement, as was the author of the play The Gas Heart.","For 10 points, name this movement whose literary members included Hugo Ball and Tristan Tzara, which takes its name from a word meaning \"hobby-horse.\""]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ffc.json b/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ffc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..6224b655d31a9ddd5fe1f80f3db7c811a3f80e63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e0407ffc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,10.28],[10.4,16.96],[17.08,26.16],[26.28,30.56],[30.68,39.28]],"texts":["This man earned a Vice Presidential nomination after Indiana senator Benjamin Shively downplayed his interest.","As Assistant Postmaster General, he conducted an 1885 purge of Republicans.","If an operation to replace the sitting president's upper jaw due to mouth cancer had gone sour, this man would have become president.","In 1900, Minnesotan Charles Towne was nominated for Vice President on the Populist ticket with William Jennings Bryan, but the Democrats nominated this man as Bryan's VP candidate.","He was thus the first man to serve as VP and be nominated for VP with a different running mate.","For 10 points, name this VP during Grover Cleveland's second term, an Illinois governor and grandfather of a same-named \"egghead\" who lost to Dwight Eisenhower twice."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e04080fc.json b/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e04080fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..37d1b9f747c99dfb64253840002d2fe66d3c0750
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e04080fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.36],[7.48,14.4],[14.52,17.88],[18.0,26.68],[26.8,37.12]],"texts":["In this structure, DES exposure can disrupt Msx2-dependent apoptosis during development, and Gartner cysts are derived from its remnants.","GDNF induces caudal budding in this structure, which develops as a solid cord of cells from the mesonephros and subsequently forms a tube.","Bisphenol A promotes the retention of this structure in females.","A hormone secreted by the Leydig cells promotes the differentiation of this structure, and, if AMH is not expressed, it begins to degenerate about ten weeks after conception.","For 10 points, name this embryonic ductal system which develops into the epididymis, seminal vesicles, and vas deferens in the presence of testosterone while the Mullerian system degenerates."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e04081fc.json b/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e04081fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..811d6ff81306d8ec6be4b418b1f663f112b6bc38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df3ddba2602b93e04081fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.96],[8.08,11.04],[11.16,21.96],[22.08,30.28],[30.4,40.28],[40.4,47.52]],"texts":["This writer depicted a place where the \"sun burns sere and the rain dishevels\" in \"The Forsaken Garden,\" while his, Heptalogia, or the Seven Against Sense,","offered a slew of parodies in the style of his contemporaries,","such as the piece \"The Higher Pantheism in a Nutshell.\" He created a fictitious back-story about a damsel named Yolande de Sallieres in a work about a clerk who continues to caress the deformed body of his now dead mistress.","That work, \"The Leper,\" was published in a controversial 1866 collection alongside another poem that begins- \"Swallow, my sister,","o swallow--\" and is named \"Itylus.\" Other works by this author include \"Laus Veneris,\" \"Faustine,\" and a piece addressed to \"Our Lady of Pain:\" \"Dolores.\" For 10 points,","identify this English poet of such works as \"Ave Atque Vale,\" \"The Garden of Proserpine,\" and Atalanta in Calydon."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df7ca243aee49db2f76afc.json b/tossups/fc/62df7ca243aee49db2f76afc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e2aad0b6818a599a06506efd3dbf42a50cdec215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df7ca243aee49db2f76afc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.32],[7.44,9.36],[9.48,15.08],[15.2,22.0],[22.12,26.52],[26.64,33.76],[33.88,39.96]],"texts":["In the process of crafting a deterministic linear-time algorithm to construct these objects, which has a runtime proportional to the inverse Ackermann function,","Bernard Chazelle invented the soft heap.","The verification step from Boruvka's algorithm for finding these objects is sometimes used in other algorithms for them.","Because the set of forests of a graph forms a graphic matroid, greedy algorithms are very effective at constructing these objects.","Constructing one of these objects often relies on finding a light edge that crosses a cut.","Two algorithms used to find these objects, which run in big O of edges times log of vertices, are Kruskal's algorithm and Prim's algorithm.","For 10 points, name these acyclic subgraphs that connect all the vertices of a graph, with smallest edge cost."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df8012e66cc66ca571cffc.json b/tossups/fc/62df8012e66cc66ca571cffc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f67e1e426a8a6c12c36e5f26775e704ae21c6b26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df8012e66cc66ca571cffc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.44],[5.56,10.68],[10.8,17.48],[17.6,23.4],[23.52,31.68],[31.8,37.12]],"texts":["One part of this treaty called for the removal of troops from the Aaland Islands and the demolition of fortresses that had been built on them.","One section of this treaty specified the return of Kars, Batumi, and Ardahan to the Ottoman Empire.","Another section provided for the creation of a Democratic Republic of Armenia, which was nullified when the Ottomans invaded it several months later.","Invalidated by both signatories within a year, much of the content in this treaty was reworked by the later Treaty of Rapallo.","In it, one side renounced claims to Finland, the Baltic states, and Poland, and agreed to pay a large sum to compensate the other side's business interests.","For 10 points, name this treaty between Germany and Russia that ended the eastern front of World War I."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0fc.json b/tossups/fc/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f2ddaf91f80d2cce26bc2c3306f1452a5787b75a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df8012e66cc66ca571d0fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.56],[6.68,10.12],[10.24,12.64],[12.76,20.08],[20.2,23.36],[23.48,30.0],[30.12,36.44]],"texts":["One deviation from this ideal system is mathematically described by an equation that includes a term proportional to the cube of position,","where the proportionality constant is less than zero in the \"soft\" case.","That equation is the Duffing equation.","Another deviation from this ideal system is mathematically described by an equal that includes a term proportional to the time derivative of position,","where the proportionality constant is known as the damping coefficient.","This system itself is described by a second-order differential equation formed by equating Newton's Second Law and Hooke's Law.","For 10 points, sinusoidal motion is typical of what kind of system exemplified by pendulums and masses-on-springs?"]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df83920c3a38102cd758fc.json b/tossups/fc/62df83920c3a38102cd758fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e1c7a9481df789eee0a52870b600319268fb341c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df83920c3a38102cd758fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,6.16],[6.28,12.04],[12.16,20.48],[20.6,23.0],[23.12,28.8],[28.92,33.48]],"texts":["This man's father formed a \"Gang of Four\" with politicians like Percy Sutton and once ran on a gubernatorial ticket with Arthur Goldberg.","A state Court of Appeals had to overturn the appellate division and say that this man had the legal right to appoint Richard Ravitch to a certain position.","After a series of controversies, including reports of domestic abuse and improperly obtaining World Series tickets, this man said he will not run for reelection,","opening the way for an Andrew Cuomo campaign.","This man assumed his current position after sex-fueled controversies forced his predecessor, Elliot Spitzer, to resign.","For 10 points, name this partially blind politician who serves as the governor of New York."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379fc.json b/tossups/fc/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d1d7dce56ec1c0ceed7118803c8fff891815bc1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df87c09bc4e61b2fb379fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.56],[7.68,12.08],[12.2,15.96],[16.08,21.64],[21.76,27.08],[27.2,30.84],[30.96,34.8]],"texts":["On this celestial object, twisted terrain can be viewed in the Noachis quadrangle, which contains a plain that is antipodal to the Alba Mons.","Thomas Gangale proposed the Darian calendar as a timekeeping system based on this object.","A large volcanic region on this celestial object is known as Tharsis.","On this planet, Chryse Planitia opens into the Borealis basin and was the landing site of Viking 1.","Giovanni Schiaparelli first discovered \"canals\" on this planet, which was extensively studied by Percival Lowell.","In 2008, water was discovered on this planet by the rover Phoenix.","For 10 points, name this planet whose moons are Phobos and Deimos."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62df8ab610329be735a33efc.json b/tossups/fc/62df8ab610329be735a33efc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e3acd88b64bf0fc384863921a88d43fbdff77003
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62df8ab610329be735a33efc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,4.52],[4.64,10.76],[10.88,14.48],[14.6,22.04],[22.16,26.12],[26.24,30.96],[31.08,35.84]],"texts":["During this conflict, the Moon sisters got away with spying by seducing an enemy general.","A woman who disguised herself as \"Albert Cashier\" to fight in this war wasn't found out until a vehicular accident fifty years later.","Drew Gilpin Faust's book Mothers of Invention studied the home front of this war.","The dumping of urine buckets from home windows during a city's occupation in this conflict led to orders to treat any woman who insulted a soldier like a prostitute.","During this war, women worked for the Christian Commission and Sanitary Commission.","At its onset, mothers set up picnics to watch its first land battle, a defeat for Irvin McDowell.","For 10 points, name this war whose women's history includes nurse Clara Barton."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956fc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a9af228414d1ddd292141ed5bc93826ef35d981d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba956fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.6],[10.72,14.32],[14.44,23.36],[23.48,27.24],[27.36,33.8],[33.92,38.68],[38.8,44.2],[44.32,49.64],[49.76,59.56]],"texts":["In one of this composer's pieces, the orchestra uses a fugal style to weave around voices which constantly repeat the three-note phrase A, B-fat, A, in the seventh movement, afer which trombones,","futes, and male voices dominate the \"Hostias\" movement.","He made a choral arrangement of an organ piece, then tricked critics by passing it of as the work of the imaginary 17th century composer Ducre, before fnally incorporating that piece,","\"The Shepherd's Farewell,\" into the \"Flight into Egypt\" section of an oratorio.","This composer instructed timpanis to play sextuplets in thirds at the start of a movement with a single fortissimo G major chord,","in a composition in which four bassoons and two tubas join to play a parody of the Dies irae.","A cor anglais and an ofstage oboe trade melodies, imitating shepherds, in that piece by him,","in which a solo clarinet theme in the fourth movement represents a man's last conscious thought before the drop of a guillotine.","For 10 points, name this com-poser of L'enfance du Christ, who used four ofstage brass bands in his Requiem, and included a \"March to the Scafold\" in his Symphonie Fantastique."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957fc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..72ed63b75386c344a71f326f3d7576b88d33d8cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba957fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.6],[7.72,16.16],[16.28,22.04],[22.16,27.2],[27.32,34.56],[34.68,40.04],[40.16,43.48],[43.6,51.96]],"texts":["A pavilion to the west of this structure contains the mural The Western Elysium, which depicts 70 josses including fairies and fying apsaras.","This structure contains 104 bells which ring when the wind blows, positioned under its eaves, which con-tain a densely-positioned wooden bracket system known as dougong.","The Sumeru pedestal at the base of this structure is said to be covered in silt, attesting to a legend about its durability.","It was built to replace a previous wooden structure, which was destroyed by a lightning strike fve years earlier.","It consists of thirteen stories with a spiral stone staircase placed inside of a tower of bricks, which have been glazed red, blue, green, and brown.","It survived a food in 1847 even though its surrounding structure, called the Youguo Temple, was destroyed.","The interior contains several frescos from the novel Journey to the West.","For 10 points, name this Buddhist tower in Kaifeng, which was built during the Song Dynasty in China, and earned its name because its bricks give of a rusty appearance."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958fc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..630c688a8ebebb339640650f6de82ad1a1361b9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba958fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.32],[8.44,10.24],[10.36,17.72],[17.84,22.76],[22.88,27.88],[28.0,31.92],[32.04,38.4],[38.52,44.12]],"texts":["A leading proponent of this cause in Latin America was Mariano Paz Soldan, who made a visit to the United States to study this subject, and worked with Maximilano Mimey in Lima,","Peru to develop his ideas.","It was championed in England by Sir George Paul, who used a report by John Howard to secure passage of the Gloucestershire Act in hopes of furthering his ideas.","This was the primary cause fought for by Elizabeth Gurney Fry, the Quaker wife of a London merchant,","who was one of several speakers on this cause who favored the Auburn System over the so-called Pennsylvania System.","Fry presented evidence to a Parliamentary Committee in 1818 on this subject.","Another champion of this cause inspired the Presidio Modelo complex by writing about his ideal model, called the Panopticon.","For 10 points, name this cause which sought to improve conditions at places like Pentonville, Newgate, and Leavenworth."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959fc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0ede61aae8fcf121bc7a6fb9298b18d7583a209
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba959fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,10.08],[10.2,14.64],[14.76,21.16],[21.28,28.96],[29.08,34.88],[35.0,42.56],[42.68,47.48],[47.6,53.44]],"texts":["The creator of this structure claims he built it as an homage to his \"Sweet Sixteen,\" perhaps a reference to the 16-year old girl Agnes Scufs who rejected his marriage proposal before he contracted tuberculosis.","This structure is home to the Moon Fountain, a pool with a six-pointed star in the middle,","which sits in front of the North Wall capped by the \"Thirty Ton Stone,\"designed to model the King's Chamber of Khufu's Great Pyramid.","It was originally called Rock Gate Park, referring to a nine-ton gate at this place, so perfectly balanced on its axis that it can be pushed open with one fnger.","Its creator claims he built this structure with a \"perpetual motion machine\" afer his TB was cured by magnets,","and its entrance features a sign that reads \"You will be seeing unusual accomplishment.\" Its creator Edward Leedskalnin, an immigrant from Latvia,","made this structure out of oolitic limestone afer buying a plot of land north of the Everglades.","For 10 points, name this castle in Florida, a tourist attraction which appears to be made out of the namesake marine material."]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95afc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95afc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..932b5267c6a7c520028b5394d2833267ae3d7615
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95afc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,7.32],[7.44,17.56],[17.68,25.0],[25.12,34.52],[34.64,38.92],[39.04,46.0]],"texts":["In a 1929 case, a senator from Missouri with this surname successfully defended Myrtle Bennett after she shot and killed her husband over a game of bridge.","An Idaho law stating that \"males must be preferred to females\" as administrators of probate estates was overturned by a 1971 Supreme Court case where the opposing parties were husband and wife with this surname.","The most famous Congressman with this surname was depicted in a Harper's Weekly cartoon falling asleep on a keg of gunpowder with the phrase \"Financial Question\" on it.","That man, who was succeeded by Charles Crisp in his highest office, put a stop to the \"disappearing quorum\" tactic by counting all members present even if they didn't respond to roll call.","That politician from Maine thusly became the namesake of a set of Congressional rules.","For 10 points, give this surname of that Speaker of the House whose power at the end of the 19th century caused him to be dubbed \"the Czar.\""]}
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diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bfc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bfc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..e0a5e817f23cefccbdd77255aa5012f438d21e7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba95bfc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,2.08],[2.2,20.84],[20.96,25.68],[25.8,35.68],[35.8,44.64],[44.76,49.56]],"texts":["One work by this poet grumpily declares,","\"I hate the bard who strolls along And sells in streets his borrowed song,\"while another describes how \"thrice the thrifty earth has drank the wine\" of a host with a \"secret wound deep- rankling in his breast.\" A poem originally by this author is about a woman who \"with curious and enlarged eye surveyed the splendid glories of the sky\" and uses a braid of hair to narrate the wedding night of a new queen.","A translation of that poem, \"Berenice's Lock,\" comprises Catullus 66.","This poet used the phrase \"mega biblion, mega kakon,\" or \"big book, big evil,\" in a debate about the proper length of poems with his student Apollonius of Rhodes.","The opening line of Ezra Pound's \"Homage to Sextus Propertius\" refers to the \"shades\" of this poet, who wrote the Pinakes, an extensive record of the holdings of the Library of Alexandria.","For 10 points, name this Cyrenaic poet who wrote about the \"causes\" of things in his Aetia."]}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961fc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c414d3998f1e0bc772c9d5e917a39824288f1196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,5.32],[5.44,12.88],[13.0,21.84],[21.96,25.92]],"texts":["One character created by this author achieves notoriety after saying \"fucked\" during a church sermon.","In another work by this author, Alex and his grandmother Kate travel to the Amazon rainforest where they meet the \"People of the Mist\" who guard an ancient secret city.","This author of City of the Beasts wrote a novel in which one character's clairvoyance allows her to predict that her sister, Rosa, shall remain silent until her marriage to the brutal Esteban.","For 10 points, name this Chilean author of The House of the Spirits."]}
\ No newline at end of file
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Binary files /dev/null and b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba961fc.opus differ
diff --git a/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962fc.json b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962fc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d27f8a98584697b3bbfda7e0e8fb05fb6cbfe65c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tossups/fc/62e05b9cf7cf60c9cba962fc.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+{"v":1,"chunks":[[0.0,8.28],[8.4,11.0],[11.12,17.36],[17.48,22.84],[22.96,28.08],[28.2,33.48]],"texts":["In one painting from this modern day country, a donkey with blinders on stands on a table while headless tuxedos and a bloody sword stand on the opposite side.","That work is The Eclipse of the Sun.","An art movement from this country actively tried to revive woodcut prints, and went so far as to write their manifesto as a woodcut.","One artist from this country painted brightly colored but gloomy animals, as seen in The Fate of the Animals.","That painter was a part of a movement which produced an influential almanac and was founded by Wassily Kandinsky.","For 10 points, name this country which produced The Blue Rider movement and which was once home to the Bauhaus."]}
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