This is SUN domain-containing protein 1 protein, from Human, contains 785 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Nucleus.

As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton (PubMed:18039933, PubMed:18396275), The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning (By similarity), Required for interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) and essential for nucleokinesis and centrosome-nucleus coupling during radial neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex and during glial migration (By similarity), Involved in telomere attachment to nuclear envelope in the prophase of meiosis implicating a SUN1/2:KASH5 LINC complex in which SUN1 and SUN2 seem to act at least partial redundantly (By similarity), Required for gametogenesis and involved in selective gene expression of coding and non-coding RNAs needed for gametogenesis (By similarity), Helps to define the distribution of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) (By similarity), Required for efficient localization of SYNE4 in the nuclear envelope (By similarity), May be involved in nuclear remodeling during sperm head formation in spermatogenesis (By similarity), May play a role in DNA repair by suppressing non-homologous end joining repair to facilitate the repair of DNA cross-links (PubMed:24375709)


This is HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 5 protein, from Human, contains 633 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Contributes to mitotic spindle assembly, maintenance of centrosome integrity and completion of cytokinesis as part of the HAUS augmin-like complex


This is Luc7-like protein 3 protein, from Human, contains 432 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Binds cAMP regulatory element DNA sequence, May play a role in RNA splicing


This is Apolipoprotein M protein, from Human, contains 188 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Probably involved in lipid transport, Can bind sphingosine-1-phosphate, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, retinol, all-trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid

Belongs to the calycin superfamily, Lipocalin family, Highly divergent


This is Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 2 protein, from Human, contains 127 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mediates the uptake of pyruvate into mitochondria

Belongs to the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) (TC 2,A,105) family


This is Centrosomal protein 43 protein, from Human, contains 399 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Required for anchoring microtubules to the centrosomes (PubMed:16314388, PubMed:28659385), Required for ciliation (PubMed:28625565, PubMed:28659385)


This is Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1 protein, from Human, contains 527 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Phosphorylates RELL1, RELL2 and RELT (PubMed:16389068, PubMed:28688764), Phosphorylates PAK1 (PubMed:14707132), Phosphorylates PLSCR1 in the presence of RELT (PubMed:22052202)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family, STE20 subfamily


This is Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 2 protein, from Human, contains 649 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Tubulin binding protein that inhibits microtubule nucleation and growth, resulting in shorter microtubules


This is Pre-mRNA-splicing factor SYF2 protein, from Human, contains 243 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome (PubMed:11991638, PubMed:28502770, PubMed:28076346)


This is Chromobox protein homolog 7 protein, from Human, contains 251 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development, PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility, Promotes histone H3 trimethylation at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me3), Binds to trimethylated lysine residues in histones, and possibly also other proteins, Regulator of cellular lifespan by maintaining the repression of CDKN2A, but not by inducing telomerase activity


This is 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, apicoplastic protein, from Plasmodium falciparum (isolate HB3), contains 488 amino acids, locates in Plastid.

Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent rearrangement and reduction of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP) to 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)


This is Sialidase-3 protein, from Bovine, contains 428 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Exo-alpha-sialidase that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the terminal sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) of a glycan moiety in the catabolism of glycolipids, glycoproteins and oligosacharides, Displays high catalytic efficiency for gangliosides including alpha-(2->3)-sialylated GD1a and GM3 and alpha-(2->8)-sialylated GD3 (PubMed:9988745), Plays a role in the regulation of transmembrane signaling through the modulation of ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer and by direct interaction with signaling receptors, such as EGFR, Desialylates EGFR and activates downstream signaling in proliferating cells, Contributes to clathrin-mediated endocytosis by regulating sorting of endocytosed receptors to early and recycling endosomes (By similarity)

Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 33 family


This is Threonine dehydratase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 576 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Belongs to the serine/threonine dehydratase family


This is Cystatin-A protein, from Human, contains 98 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

This is an intracellular thiol proteinase inhibitor, Has an important role in desmosome-mediated cell-cell adhesion in the lower levels of the epidermis


This is ATPase inhibitor, mitochondrial protein, from Bovine, contains 109 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Endogenous F(1)F(o)-ATPase inhibitor limiting ATP depletion when the mitochondrial membrane potential falls below a threshold and the F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase starts hydrolyzing ATP to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix, Required to avoid the consumption of cellular ATP when the F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase enzyme acts as an ATP hydrolase (PubMed:10831597, PubMed:12923572, PubMed:17895376, PubMed:18687699, PubMed:21192948, PubMed:7397110), Indirectly acts as a regulator of heme synthesis in erythroid tissues: regulates heme synthesis by modulating the mitochondrial pH and redox potential, allowing FECH to efficiently catalyze the incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin IX to produce heme (By similarity)


This is Corticoliberin protein, from Rat, contains 187 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland (PubMed:6603620), Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile (By similarity)

Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family


This is Apolipoprotein C-II protein, from Human, contains 101 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Component of chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in plasma, Plays an important role in lipoprotein metabolism as an activator of lipoprotein lipase, Both proapolipoprotein C-II and apolipoprotein C-II can activate lipoprotein lipase, In normolipidemic individuals, it is mainly distributed in the HDL, whereas in hypertriglyceridemic individuals, predominantly found in the VLDL and LDL


This is Glycophorin-A protein, from Human, contains 150 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Component of the ankyrin-1 complex, a multiprotein complex involved in the stability and shape of the erythrocyte membrane (PubMed:35835865), Glycophorin A is the major intrinsic membrane protein of the erythrocyte, The N-terminal glycosylated segment, which lies outside the erythrocyte membrane, has MN blood group receptors, Appears to be important for the function of SLC4A1 and is required for high activity of SLC4A1, May be involved in translocation of SLC4A1 to the plasma membrane, Is a receptor for influenza virus, Is a receptor for Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte-binding antigen 175 (EBA-175); binding of EBA-175 is dependent on sialic acid residues of the O-linked glycans, Appears to be a receptor for Hepatitis A virus (HAV)


This is Band 3 anion transport protein protein, from Human, contains 911 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

(Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for P,falciparum (isolate 3D7) MSP9 and thus, facilitates merozoite invasion of erythrocytes

Belongs to the anion exchanger (TC 2,A,31) family


This is Segmentation protein fushi tarazu protein, from Fruit fly, contains 410 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

May play a role in determining neuronal identity, may be directly involved in specifying identity of individual neurons, Required during embryogenesis for the process of body segmentation, Homeotic protein, required in alternating segment primordia, it specifies the correct number of segments


This is Segmentation polarity homeobox protein engrailed protein, from Fruit fly, contains 552 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

This protein specifies the body segmentation pattern, It is required for the development of the central nervous system, Transcriptional regulator that represses activated promoters, Wg signaling operates by inactivating the SGG repression of EN autoactivation

Belongs to the engrailed homeobox family


This is Antileukoproteinase protein, from Human, contains 132 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Acid-stable proteinase inhibitor with strong affinities for trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and cathepsin G (PubMed:3533531, PubMed:3462719, PubMed:2039600, PubMed:2110563, PubMed:10702419, PubMed:24121345), Modulates the inflammatory and immune responses after bacterial infection, and after infection by the intracellular parasite L,major, Down-regulates responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (By similarity), Plays a role in regulating the activation of NF-kappa-B and inflammatory responses (PubMed:10702419, PubMed:24352879), Has antimicrobial activity against mycobacteria, but not against salmonella, Contributes to normal resistance against infection by M,tuberculosis, Required for normal resistance to infection by L,major, Required for normal wound healing, probably by preventing tissue damage by limiting protease activity (By similarity), Together with ELANE, required for normal differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow myeloid cells (PubMed:24352879)


This is Proto-oncogene Mas protein, from Human, contains 325 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for angiotensin 1-7 (By similarity), Acts specifically as a functional antagonist of AGTR1 (angiotensin-2 type 1 receptor), although it up-regulates AGTR1 receptor levels, Positive regulation of AGTR1 levels occurs through activation of the G-proteins GNA11 and GNAQ, and stimulation of the protein kinase C signaling cascade, The antagonist effect on AGTR1 function is probably due to AGTR1 being physically altered by MAS1

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


This is Histone H2B-alpha protein, from Fission yeast, contains 126 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Core component of nucleosome, Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template, Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability, DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling


This is Band 3 anion transport protein protein, from Mouse, contains 929 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein, Component of the ankyrin-1 complex of the erythrocyte membrane; required for normal flexibility and stability of the erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin, Functions as a transporter that mediates the 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the erythrocyte membrane, Mediates chloride-bicarbonate exchange in the kidney, and is required for normal acidification of the urine


This is Propionyl-CoA carboxylase beta chain, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 539 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

This is one of the 2 subunits of the biotin-dependent propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the catabolism of odd chain fatty acids, branched-chain amino acids isoleucine, threonine, methionine, and valine and other metabolites (PubMed:6765947, PubMed:15890657), Propionyl-CoA carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of propionyl-CoA/propanoyl-CoA to D-methylmalonyl-CoA/(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA (PubMed:6765947, PubMed:15890657), Within the holoenzyme, the alpha subunit catalyzes the ATP-dependent carboxylation of the biotin carried by the biotin carboxyl carrier (BCC) domain, while the beta subunit then transfers the carboxyl group from carboxylated biotin to propionyl-CoA (By similarity), Propionyl-CoA carboxylase also significantly acts on butyryl-CoA/butanoyl-CoA, which is converted to ethylmalonyl-CoA/(2S)-ethylmalonyl-CoA at a much lower rate (PubMed:6765947), Other alternative minor substrates include (2E)-butenoyl-CoA/crotonoyl-CoA (By similarity)


This is Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme protein, from Human, contains 524 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Alkaline phosphatase that metabolizes various phosphate compounds and plays a key role in skeletal mineralization and adaptive thermogenesis (PubMed:12162492, PubMed:23688511, PubMed:25982064), Has broad substrate specificity and can hydrolyze a considerable variety of compounds: however, only a few substrates, such as diphosphate (inorganic pyrophosphate; PPi), pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) and N-phosphocreatine are natural substrates (PubMed:12162492, PubMed:2220817), Plays an essential role in skeletal and dental mineralization via its ability to hydrolyze extracellular diphosphate, a potent mineralization inhibitor, to phosphate: it thereby promotes hydroxyapatite crystal formation and increases inorganic phosphate concentration (PubMed:23688511, PubMed:25982064), Acts in a non-redundant manner with PHOSPHO1 in skeletal mineralization: while PHOSPHO1 mediates the initiation of hydroxyapatite crystallization in the matrix vesicles (MVs), ALPL/TNAP catalyzes the spread of hydroxyapatite crystallization in the extracellular matrix (By similarity), Also promotes dephosphorylation of osteopontin (SSP1), an inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystallization in its phosphorylated state; it is however unclear whether ALPL/TNAP mediates SSP1 dephosphorylation via a direct or indirect manner (By similarity), Catalyzes dephosphorylation of PLP to pyridoxal (PL), the transportable form of vitamin B6, in order to provide a sufficient amount of PLP in the brain, an essential cofactor for enzymes catalyzing the synthesis of diverse neurotransmitters (PubMed:2220817, PubMed:20049532), Additionally, also able to mediate ATP degradation in a stepwise manner to adenosine, thereby regulating the availability of ligands for purinergic receptors (By similarity), Also capable of dephosphorylating microbial products, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as well as other phosphorylated small-molecules, such as poly-inosine:cytosine (poly I:C) (PubMed:28448526), Acts as a key regulator of adaptive thermogenesis as part of the futile creatine cycle: localizes to the mitochondria of thermogenic fat cells and acts by mediating hydrolysis of N-phosphocreatine to initiate a futile cycle of creatine dephosphorylation and phosphorylation (By similarity), During the futile creatine cycle, creatine and N-phosphocreatine are in a futile cycle, which dissipates the high energy charge of N-phosphocreatine as heat without performing any mechanical or chemical work (By similarity)

Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family


This is Transcription factor AP-2-alpha protein, from Human, contains 437 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to regulate transcription of selected genes, AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development, They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC, AP-2-alpha is the only AP-2 protein required for early morphogenesis of the lens vesicle, Together with the CITED2 coactivator, stimulates the PITX2 P1 promoter transcription activation, Associates with chromatin to the PITX2 P1 promoter region


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein uL22A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 184 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS21 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 87 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (By similarity), eS21 is required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits, Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability (PubMed:14623272)

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family


This is Serine protease hepsin protein, from Human, contains 417 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Serine protease that cleaves extracellular substrates, and contributes to the proteolytic processing of growth factors, such as HGF and MST1/HGFL (PubMed:21875933, PubMed:15839837), Plays a role in cell growth and maintenance of cell morphology (PubMed:8346233, PubMed:21875933), Plays a role in the proteolytic processing of ACE2 (PubMed:24227843), Mediates the proteolytic cleavage of urinary UMOD that is required for UMOD polymerization (PubMed:26673890)


This is Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 763 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome, The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation


This is Corticoliberin protein, from Pig, contains 191 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland (PubMed:3878520), Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile (By similarity)


This is Retinoblastoma-associated protein protein, from Human, contains 928 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

(Microbial infection) In case of viral infections, interactions with SV40 large T antigen, HPV E7 protein or adenovirus E1A protein induce the disassembly of RB1-E2F1 complex thereby disrupting RB1's activity

Belongs to the retinoblastoma protein (RB) family


This is Inositol polyphosphate multikinase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 355 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Inositol phosphate kinase with both monophosphoinositol and diphosphoinositol polyphosphate synthase activities, Able to phosphorylate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) on both the carbon-3 and carbon-6 positions to synthesize inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5)P4) and inositol 1,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5,6)P4), and then to subsequently phosphorylate and convert either isomer of InsP4 to inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5) (PubMed:10574768, PubMed:10683435, PubMed:11311242), Its predominant in vivo catalytic function is to convert Ins(1,4,5)P3 to Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 to Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 via 6- and 3-kinase activities (PubMed:15944147), It can also use Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 as a substrate and act as a diphosphoinositol polyphosphate synthase to generate two different isomers of PP-InsP4 (PubMed:11311242), Has also a role in transcription regulation, Forms a complex with ARG80, ARG81 and MCM1 (ArgR-MCM1), which coordinates the expression of arginine anabolic and catabolic genes in response to arginine, Recruits ARG80 and MCM21 to stabilize them (PubMed:3298999, PubMed:8043104, PubMed:10632874), Neither the kinase activity nor inositol phosphates are required for the formation of ArgR-MCM1 transcriptional complexes on DNA promoter elements and the control of arginine metabolism (PubMed:11119723, PubMed:10720331, PubMed:12828642, PubMed:22992733), In contrast, only the catalytic activity is required for PHO gene repression by phosphate and for NCR gene activation in response to nitrogen availability, indicating a role for inositol pyrophosphates in these controls (PubMed:12828642), Inositol polyphosphates may be involved in the regulation of chromatin remodeling of transcription (PubMed:12434012), Regulates nuclear mRNA export via inositol phosphate metabolism (PubMed:10390371, PubMed:10683435), Also has lipid kinase activity, transforming the lipid inositol phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) into phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) in the nucleus (PubMed:16123124), Its kinase activity is necessary for the propagation of most [PSI+] prion variants (PubMed:28923943)

Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family


This is ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 545 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain, F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk, During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation, Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1), Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits, Subunit alpha does not bear the catalytic high-affinity ATP-binding sites (By similarity)

Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family


This is Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 457 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation, The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase, The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol, In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c

Belongs to the peptidase M16 family, UQCRC1/QCR1 subfamily


This is Myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle protein, from Rabbit, contains 608 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Implicated in the level of global muscle contraction and cardiac function (By similarity), Phosphorylates a specific serine in the N-terminus of a myosin light chain

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family


This is Serendipity locus protein delta protein, from Fruit fly, contains 433 amino acids, has 7 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional activator that controls bicoid gene expression during oogenesis, Found in transcriptionally active cells, Binds to specific sites on polytene chromosomes of third instar larvae, Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-YTAGAGATGGRAA-3'


This is T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chain protein, from Human, contains 207 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like

Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response, When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR-mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z, All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain, Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways (PubMed:2470098), In addition of this role of signal transduction in T-cell activation, CD3E plays an essential role in correct T-cell development, Initiates the TCR-CD3 complex assembly by forming the two heterodimers CD3D/CD3E and CD3G/CD3E, Participates also in internalization and cell surface down-regulation of TCR-CD3 complexes via endocytosis sequences present in CD3E cytosolic region (PubMed:10384095, PubMed:26507128)


This is MAP kinase kinase PBS2 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 668 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Kinase involved in a signal transduction pathway that is activated by changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular environment, Seems to phosphorylate HOG1 on a tyrosine residue

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family, MAP kinase kinase subfamily


This is Histone H2A.v protein, from Fruit fly, contains 141 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes, Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template, Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability, DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling, Acts as a Polycomb group (PcG) protein required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes of the animal throughout development, Required for histone H3 'Lys-9' methylation and histone H4 'Lys-12' acetylation, two modifications that are essential for heterochromatin formation, Also involved in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair, Essential for early development


This is Histone H2A.Z protein, from Tetrahymena thermophila (strain SB210), contains 146 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes, preferentially in transcriptionally active chromatin, Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template, Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability, DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling, Essential for vegetative growth


This is Histone H2A.Z protein, from Mouse, contains 128 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes, Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template, Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability, DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling, May be involved in the formation of constitutive heterochromatin, May be required for chromosome segregation during cell division, Essential for early development


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS25B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 108 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS25 family


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS21A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 87 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102), eS21 is required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits, Has a physiological role leading to 18S rRNA stability (PubMed:14627813)


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS28B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 67 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family


This is Fasciculin-2 protein, from Eastern green mamba, contains 61 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Interferes with neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) present at the neuromuscular junction, It selectively binds and inhibits with a 1:1 stoichiometry the mammalian and electric fish AChE at picomolar concentrations, It is highly specific for the peripheral site of AChE and blocks the entry of acetylcholine into the active site of the enzyme (through the Met-33 residue), thereby preventing its breakdown, It has been called fasciculin since after injection into mice it causes severe, generalized and long-lasting (5-7 hours) fasciculations

Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family, Short-chain subfamily, Acn-esterase inhibitor sub-subfamily


This is SAGA-associated factor 29 protein, from Rat, contains 293 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Chromatin reader component of some histone acetyltransferase (HAT) SAGA-type complexes like the TFTC-HAT, ATAC or STAGA complexes (By similarity), SGF29 specifically recognizes and binds methylated 'Lys-4' of histone H3 (H3K4me), with a preference for trimethylated form (H3K4me3) (By similarity), In the SAGA-type complexes, SGF29 is required to recruit complexes to H3K4me (By similarity), Involved in the response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by recruiting the SAGA complex to H3K4me, thereby promoting histone H3 acetylation and cell survival (By similarity), Also binds non-histone proteins that are methylated on Lys residues: specifically recognizes and binds CGAS monomethylated on 'Lys-491' (By similarity), May be involved in MYC-mediated oncogenic transformation (PubMed:17334388)


This is Protein SLFN14 protein, from Human, contains 912 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Displays polysome-associated endoribonuclease activity towards mRNAs and rRNAs (PubMed:25996083), May play a role in RNA surveillance pathways by recognizing stalled ribosomes and triggering endonucleolytic cleavage of aberrant mRNAs (Probable), Cleaves different types of rRNAs and mRNAs in a magnesium- and manganese-dependent and ATP-independent manner (By similarity), Involved in correct maturation of megakaryocytes and especially important for proplatelet extension

Belongs to the Schlafen family, Subgroup III subfamily


This is Con-ikot-ikot protein, from Striated cone, contains 123 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Potently and selectively blocks the desensitization of ionotropic glutamate AMPA receptors (GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3 and GRIA4) (PubMed:19481459, PubMed:35377397), Binds to a different site than does the drug cyclothiazide (PubMed:19481459), The toxin acts like a straitjacket on the 'gating ring' of the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the receptor (PubMed:25103405), It does so by restraining the domains via both intra- and interdimer cross-links such that agonist-induced closure of the LBD 'clamshells' is transduced into an irislike expansion of the gating ring (PubMed:25103405), Compared to other desensitization blockers, it is a poor stabilizer of the open channel because toxin-bound AMPA receptors undergo frequent brief closures (PubMed:35377397), In vitro, application of the toxin to hippocampal slices causes a large and rapid increase in resting AMPA receptor-mediated current leading to neuronal death (PubMed:19481459)


This is Thrombin-like enzyme bhalternin protein, from Urutu, contains 260 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Thrombin-like snake venom serine protease that induces blood clotting in vitro, defibrinogenation in vivo (by intraperitoneal injection into mice), albuminolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities, Preferentially cleaves the alpha chain of fibrinogen (FGA), Causes hemolysis in the heart, causes apparent hyperemia and lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis in the lung, causes necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate in the liver, and causes glomerular congestion in the kidney, Also provokes a drastic myonecrosis

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family, Snake venom subfamily


This is Manganese lipoxygenase protein, from Rice stem rot fungus, contains 617 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Lipoxygenase that metabolizes linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids to 9S-, 11- and 13R-hydroperoxy fatty acids, At the end of lipoxygenation, the intermediate products 11S-HPODE and 13R-HPODE from linoleic acid are then transformed into 9S-HPODE as the final product, The intermediate product 11R-HPOTrE from alpha-linolenic acid is transformed into 9S-HPOTrE and 13R-HPOTrE as the final products, 9S-HPOTrE is further oxidized by the enzyme to 9,16-DiHOTrE as the end product, Also acts on gamma-linolenic acid producing 9-HOTrE(n-6) as the main metabolite

Belongs to the lipoxygenase family, Manganese lipoxygenase subfamily


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS24A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 135 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family


This is Small ribosomal subunit protein eS24B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 135 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein eL19A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 189 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell, The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain, The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel, eL19 may play a role in the last stages of translation initiation, in particular subunit joining and shedding/releasing factors

Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL19 family


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein eL19 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 189 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein uL29A protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 120 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family


This is Large ribosomal subunit protein uL29B protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 120 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.


This is Thrombin-like enzyme leucurobin protein, from Whitetail lancehead, contains 231 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Thrombin-like snake venom serine protease that cleaves Arg-Gly bonds in alpha-chain of fibrinogen (FGA), Induces temporary episodes of opisthotonos and rapid rolling around the long axis of the animal (gyroxin-like effect), when injected into the tail veins of mice (0,143 ug/g mouse)


This is Serum amyloid A-1 protein protein, from Human, contains 122 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.


This is Apelin receptor early endogenous ligand protein, from Zebrafish, contains 58 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (aplnra and/or aplnrb) (PubMed:24316148, PubMed:24407481), Hormone required for mesendodermal differentiation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis during early development and for adult cardiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:24316148, PubMed:24407481, PubMed:26017639, PubMed:29117894), Acts as a motogen by promoting mesendodermal cell migration during gastrulation by binding and activating the apelin receptor (PubMed:24316148, PubMed:24407481, PubMed:29117894), Acts as an early embryonic regulator of cellular movement with a role in migration and development of cardiac progenitor cells (PubMed:24316148, PubMed:24407481), May act as a chemoattractant for the activation of angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i,e, the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis (PubMed:26017639), Positively regulates sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel sprouting, Involved in cardioprotective functions during heart failure, Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity)


This is Apelin receptor early endogenous ligand protein, from Human, contains 54 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR) (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936), Hormone required for mesendodermal differentiation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis during early development and for adult cardiovascular homeostasis (PubMed:25639753, PubMed:28137936), Drives internalization of APLNR, Acts as a motogen by promoting mesendodermal cell migration during gastrulation by binding and activating APLNR, Acts as an early embryonic regulator of cellular movement with a role in migration and development of cardiac progenitor cells, May act as a chemoattractant for the activation of angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i,e, the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis, Positively regulates sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coronary blood vessel sprouting, Plays a role in placental vascular development; promotes placental trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in the uterus, Involved in the regulation of maternal cardiovascular homeostasis to prevent gestational hypertension and for potent cardioprotective functions during heart failure, Mediates myocardial contractility in an ERK1/2-dependent manner (By similarity)


This is Protein kinase byr1 protein, from Fission yeast, contains 340 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Serine/threonine protein kinase involved in conjugation and sporulation, It is thought that it is phosphorylated by the byr2 protein kinase and that it can phosphorylate the spk1 kinase, When bound to bob1, is involved in the regulation of sexual differentiation


This is Zygotic gap protein knirps protein, from Fruit fly, contains 429 amino acids, has 2 NR C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

NR C4-type

NR C4-type

Transcriptional repressor, Binds to multiple sites in the eve stripe 3 enhancer element, Plays an essential role in the segmentation process both by refining the expression patterns of gap genes and by establishing pair-rules stripes of gene expression

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family, NR0 subfamily


This is Proto-oncogene DBL protein, from Human, contains 925 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that modulates the Rho family of GTPases, Promotes the conversion of some member of the Rho family GTPase from the GDP-bound to the GTP-bound form, Isoform 1 exhibits no activity toward RHOA, RAC1 or CDC42, Isoform 2 exhibits decreased GEF activity toward CDC42, Isoform 3 exhibits a weak but significant activity toward RAC1 and CDC42, Isoform 4 exhibits significant activity toward RHOA and CDC42, The truncated DBL oncogene is active toward RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42


This is Cutinase 1 protein, from Anthracnose fungus, contains 224 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Catalyzes the hydrolysis of complex carboxylic polyesters found in the cell wall of plants (PubMed:17043825), Degrades cutin, a macromolecule that forms the structure of the plant cuticle (PubMed:17043825), Allows pathogenic fungi to penetrate through the cuticular barrier into the host plant during the initial stage of fungal infection (By similarity)


This is Cation-dependent mannose-6-phosphate receptor protein, from Bovine, contains 279 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Transport of phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes from the Golgi complex and the cell surface to lysosomes, Lysosomal enzymes bearing phosphomannosyl residues bind specifically to mannose-6-phosphate receptors in the Golgi apparatus and the resulting receptor-ligand complex is transported to an acidic prelyosomal compartment where the low pH mediates the dissociation of the complex


This is Cholesteryl ester transfer protein protein, from Human, contains 493 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Involved in the transfer of neutral lipids, including cholesteryl ester and triglyceride, among lipoprotein particles, Allows the net movement of cholesteryl ester from high density lipoproteins/HDL to triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins/VLDL, and the equimolar transport of triglyceride from VLDL to HDL (PubMed:3600759, PubMed:24293641, PubMed:3281933), Regulates the reverse cholesterol transport, by which excess cholesterol is removed from peripheral tissues and returned to the liver for elimination (PubMed:17237796)

Belongs to the BPI/LBP/Plunc superfamily, BPI/LBP family


This is Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin protein, from Mouse, contains 200 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Iron-trafficking protein involved in multiple processes such as apoptosis, innate immunity and renal development (PubMed:12453413), Binds iron through association with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,3-DHBA), a siderophore that shares structural similarities with bacterial enterobactin, and delivers or removes iron from the cell, depending on the context, Iron-bound form (holo-24p3) is internalized following binding to the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor, leading to release of iron and subsequent increase of intracellular iron concentration, In contrast, association of the iron-free form (apo-24p3) with the SLC22A17 (24p3R) receptor is followed by association with an intracellular siderophore, iron chelation and iron transfer to the extracellular medium, thereby reducing intracellular iron concentration, Involved in apoptosis due to interleukin-3 (IL3) deprivation: iron-loaded form increases intracellular iron concentration without promoting apoptosis, while iron-free form decreases intracellular iron levels, inducing expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL2L11/BIM, resulting in apoptosis, Involved in innate immunity; limits bacterial proliferation by sequestering iron bound to microbial siderophores, such as enterobactin (PubMed:15531878, PubMed:16446425), Can also bind siderophores from M,tuberculosis (By similarity)

Belongs to the calycin superfamily, Lipocalin family


This is Serum response factor protein, from Human, contains 508 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

SRF is a transcription factor that binds to the serum response element (SRE), a short sequence of dyad symmetry located 300 bp to the 5' of the site of transcription initiation of some genes (such as FOS), Together with MRTFA transcription coactivator, controls expression of genes regulating the cytoskeleton during development, morphogenesis and cell migration, The SRF-MRTFA complex activity responds to Rho GTPase-induced changes in cellular globular actin (G-actin) concentration, thereby coupling cytoskeletal gene expression to cytoskeletal dynamics, Required for cardiac differentiation and maturation


This is B-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein alpha chain protein, from Mouse, contains 220 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like C2-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like C2-type

Required in cooperation with CD79B for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by binding of antigen to the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation, Also required for BCR surface expression and for efficient differentiation of pro- and pre-B-cells, Stimulates SYK autophosphorylation and activation, Binds to BLNK, bringing BLNK into proximity with SYK and allowing SYK to phosphorylate BLNK, Also interacts with and increases activity of some Src-family tyrosine kinases, Represses BCR signaling during development of immature B-cells


This is Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 protein, from Rat, contains 304 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Inhibits IGF-mediated growth and developmental rates (By similarity), IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture, They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors


This is Myogenin protein, from Mouse, contains 224 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Acts as a transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation, cell cycle exit and muscle atrophy, Essential for the development of functional embryonic skeletal fiber muscle differentiation, However is dispensable for postnatal skeletal muscle growth; phosphorylation by CAMK2G inhibits its transcriptional activity in respons to muscle activity, Required for the recruitment of the FACT complex to muscle-specific promoter regions, thus promoting gene expression initiation, During terminal myoblast differentiation, plays a role as a strong activator of transcription at loci with an open chromatin structure previously initiated by MYOD1, Together with MYF5 and MYOD1, co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core regions during myogenesis, Cooperates also with myocyte-specific enhancer factor MEF2D and BRG1-dependent recruitment of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling enzymes to alter chromatin structure at myogenic late gene promoters, Facilitates cell cycle exit during terminal muscle differentiation through the up-regulation of miR-20a expression, which in turn represses genes involved in cell cycle progression, Binds to the E-box containing (E1) promoter region of the miR-20a gene, Plays also a role in preventing reversal of muscle cell differentiation, Contributes to the atrophy-related gene expression in adult denervated muscles, Induces fibroblasts to differentiate into myoblasts


This is X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 protein, from Human, contains 732 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase that plays a key role in DNA non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) by recruiting DNA-PK to DNA (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), Required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), Also has a role in chromosome translocation (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), The DNA helicase II complex binds preferentially to fork-like ends of double-stranded DNA in a cell cycle-dependent manner (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), It works in the 3'-5' direction (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), During NHEJ, the XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer performs the recognition step: it recognizes and binds to the broken ends of the DNA and protects them from further resection (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), Binding to DNA may be mediated by XRCC6 (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:11493912), The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer acts as regulatory subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK by increasing the affinity of the catalytic subunit PRKDC to DNA by 100-fold (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:20383123, PubMed:11493912), The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer is probably involved in stabilizing broken DNA ends and bringing them together (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:20383123), The assembly of the DNA-PK complex to DNA ends is required for the NHEJ ligation step (PubMed:7957065, PubMed:8621488, PubMed:12145306, PubMed:20383123), The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer probably also acts as a 5'-deoxyribose-5-phosphate lyase (5'-dRP lyase), by catalyzing the beta-elimination of the 5' deoxyribose-5-phosphate at an abasic site near double-strand breaks (PubMed:20383123), XRCC5 probably acts as the catalytic subunit of 5'-dRP activity, and allows to 'clean' the termini of abasic sites, a class of nucleotide damage commonly associated with strand breaks, before such broken ends can be joined (PubMed:20383123), The XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer together with APEX1 acts as a negative regulator of transcription (PubMed:8621488), In association with NAA15, the XRCC5-XRRC6 dimer binds to the osteocalcin promoter and activates osteocalcin expression (PubMed:12145306), As part of the DNA-PK complex, involved in the early steps of ribosome assembly by promoting the processing of precursor rRNA into mature 18S rRNA in the small-subunit processome (PubMed:32103174), Binding to U3 small nucleolar RNA, recruits PRKDC and XRCC5/Ku86 to the small-subunit processome (PubMed:32103174), Plays a role in the regulation of DNA virus-mediated innate immune response by assembling into the HDP-RNP complex, a complex that serves as a platform for IRF3 phosphorylation and subsequent innate immune response activation through the cGAS-STING pathway (PubMed:28712728)


This is SMR1 protein protein, from Rat, contains 146 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Sialorphin is an endogenous inhibitor of neprilysin, Inhibits the breakdown of Met-enkephalin and substance P in isolated tissue from the dorsal zone of the rat spinal cord, Has an analgesic effect when administered to rats by intravenous injection


This is Transcription factor unc-86 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 357 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor required for correct cell fate determination and differentiation in diverse neuronal cell lineages where it plays a role in specifying the fate of daughter cells during cell divisions (PubMed:7237544, PubMed:2257628, PubMed:26096732, PubMed:10899123), Involved in sensory neuron production and function (PubMed:1361171, PubMed:9735371, PubMed:10899123, PubMed:26096732), Binds both alone and with mec-3 to the mec-3 promoter to initiate and maintain mec-3 expression which is required for sensory neuron differentiation (PubMed:1361171, PubMed:9735371), In addition, binds both alone and with mec-3 to the promoters of mec-4 and mec-7 which act to regulate sensory neuron function (PubMed:9735371, PubMed:10899123), Involved in determining the identity of the serotonergic NSM neurons and the cholinergic IL2 sensory and URA motor neurons (PubMed:24353061), Promotes expression of the cfi-1 transcription factor in the URA and IL2 neurons which in turn activates normal URA and IL2 gene expression (PubMed:24353061, PubMed:11959845), Required to determine the identity of BDU sensory neurons in concert with transcription factor unc-86, regulating expression of a number of genes, including transcription factors ceh-14 and ahr-1, neuropeptides flp-10, nlp-1 and nlp-15, and tyramine receptor-encoding ser-2 (PubMed:26096732), Regulates expression of a number of genes in NSM neurons including bas-1, cat-1, dop-3, mgl-3, nlp-13, scd-2 and ptps-1 (PubMed:24353061), In the IL2 neurons, required for expression of cho-1, gcy-19, klp-6, lag-2, unc-5 and unc-17 (PubMed:24353061), Promotes expression of pkd-2 in the male-specific CEM head neurons (PubMed:11959845), Required for dauer-specific branching of IL2Q neurons and nictation behavior (PubMed:23932402), Controls both the timing and direction of axon outgrowth in HSN neurons (PubMed:21656875), Plays a role in serotonin production by regulating expression of the tryptophan hydrolase tph-1 which catalyzes serotonin synthesis, in the AIM, NSM, HSN and RIH neurons (PubMed:12135927), Involved in regulation of lin-11 expression in the AIZ interneurons, the major interneurons of the olfactory pathway, and is required for odortaxis behavior (PubMed:12883006), Involved in neurite pruning between AIM neurons during larval development by regulating the expression of transcription factor mbr-1 (PubMed:16139210), Required for correct localization of unc-40 (PubMed:24353061)

Belongs to the POU transcription factor family, Class-4 subfamily


This is Dolichol-phosphate mannosyltransferase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 267 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Endoplasmic reticulum.

Transfers mannose from GDP-mannose to dolichol monophosphate to form dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) which is the mannosyl donor in pathways leading to N-glycosylation, glycosyl phosphatidylinositol membrane anchoring, and O-mannosylation of proteins

Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family


This is Fibrinogen alpha chain protein, from Chicken, contains 741 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Cleaved by the protease thrombin to yield monomers which, together with fibrinogen beta (FGB) and fibrinogen gamma (FGG), polymerize to form an insoluble fibrin matrix, Fibrin has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots


This is Anaphase-promoting complex subunit CDC26 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 124 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle, The APC/C is thought to confer substrate specificity and, in the presence of ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzymes, it catalyzes the formation of protein-ubiquitin conjugates that are subsequently degraded by the 26S proteasome, In early mitosis, the APC/C is activated by CDC20 and targets securin PDS1, the B-type cyclin CLB5, and other anaphase inhibitory proteins for proteolysis, thereby triggering the separation of sister chromatids at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, In late mitosis and in G1, degradation of CLB5 allows activation of the APC/C by CDH1, which is needed to destroy CDC20 and the B-type cyclin CLB2 to allow exit from mitosis and creating the low CDK state necessary for cytokinesis and for reforming prereplicative complexes in G1 prior to another round of replication


This is Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 protein, from Human, contains 129 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits, Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex, Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 (PubMed:19219384), Assembled with KCNQ1/KVLQT1 is proposed to form the slowly activating delayed rectifier cardiac potassium (IKs) channel, The outward current reaches its steady state only after 50 seconds, Assembled with KCNH2/HERG may modulate the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr)

Belongs to the potassium channel KCNE family


This is Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 protein, from Rat, contains 130 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits, Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex, Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 (PubMed:19219384), Assembled with KCNQ1/KVLQT1 is proposed to form the slowly activating delayed rectifier cardiac potassium (IKs) channel, The outward current reaches its steady state only after 50 seconds, Assembled with KCNH2/HERG may modulate the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr) (By similarity)


This is ATP-dependent RNA helicase MSS116, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 664 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

ATP-dependent RNA helicase required for mitochondrial splicing of group I and II introns, Specifically involved in the ATP-dependent splicing of the bl1 intron of COB, Also required for efficient mitochondrial translation

Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family, DDX18/HAS1 subfamily


This is Intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase 1 protein, from Rat, contains 540 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Alkaline phosphatase that can hydrolyze various phosphate compounds

Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family


This is Heat shock protein STI1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 589 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

May play a role in mediating the heat shock response of some HSP70 genes, It is required for optimal growth of yeast cells at both low and high temperature


This is Actin-binding protein protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 592 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Regulates ARP2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly, Recruits ARP2/3 complex to sides of preexisting actin filaments, which may promote nucleation or stabilization of filament branches, Binds to actin filaments, but not actin monomers, Actin binding is required for ARP2/3 complex activation, May also have a role in linking the actin cytoskeleton to endocytosis, recruits components of the endocytotic machinery to cortical actin patches, known sites of endocytosis


This is Guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 protein, from Bovine, contains 619 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Mediates responses to nitric oxide (NO) by catalyzing the biosynthesis of the signaling molecule cGMP

Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family


This is Histone H2AX protein, from Human, contains 143 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes, Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template, Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability, DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling, Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation


This is Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 protein, from Human, contains 223 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses, The affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28


This is AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 protein, from Mouse, contains 938 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2), Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways, Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation, AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome, The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold but is itself unable to bind directly to membrane components, Clathrin-associated adaptor protein (AP) complexes which can bind directly to both the clathrin lattice and to the lipid and protein components of membranes are considered to be the major clathrin adaptors contributing the CCV formation, AP-2 also serves as a cargo receptor to selectively sort the membrane proteins involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis, AP-2 seems to play a role in the recycling of synaptic vesicle membranes from the presynaptic surface, AP-2 recognizes Y-X-X-[FILMV] (Y-X-X-Phi) and [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] endocytosis signal motifs within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules, AP-2 may also play a role in maintaining normal post-endocytic trafficking through the ARF6-regulated, non-clathrin pathway, During long-term potentiation in hippocampal neurons, AP-2 is responsible for the endocytosis of ADAM10 (PubMed:23676497), The AP-2 alpha subunit binds polyphosphoinositide-containing lipids, positioning AP-2 on the membrane, The AP-2 alpha subunit acts via its C-terminal appendage domain as a scaffolding platform for endocytic accessory proteins, The AP-2 alpha and AP-2 sigma subunits are thought to contribute to the recognition of the [ED]-X-X-X-L-[LI] motif

Belongs to the adaptor complexes large subunit family


This is NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 protein, from Human, contains 137 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis, Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain, The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone

Belongs to the complex I NDUFB7 subunit family


This is THO complex subunit HPR1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 752 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component the THO subcomplex of the TREX complex, which operates in coupling transcription elongation to mRNA export, The THO complex is recruited to transcribed genes and moves along the gene with the elongating polymerase during transcription, THO is important for stabilizing nascent RNA in the RNA polymerase II elongation complex by preventing formation of DNA:RNA hybrids behind the elongating polymerase, It functions in cotranscriptional formation of an export-competent messenger ribonucleoprotein particle (mRNP) by facilitating the loading of ATP-dependent RNA helicase SUB2 and the mRNA export factor YRA1 along the nascent mRNA


This is Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 protein, from Human, contains 291 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture, They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors, Also exhibits IGF-independent antiproliferative and apoptotic effects mediated by its receptor TMEM219/IGFBP-3R, Inhibits the positive effect of humanin on insulin sensitivity (PubMed:19623253), Promotes testicular germ cell apoptosis (PubMed:19952275)


This is Retinoic acid receptor gamma protein, from Mouse, contains 458 amino acids, has 2 NR C4-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

NR C4-type

NR C4-type

Receptor for retinoic acid, Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes, The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5, In the absence of ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors (By similarity), Required for limb bud development, In concert with RARA or RARB, required for skeletal growth, matrix homeostasis and growth plate function

Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family, NR1 subfamily


This is Factor V activator RVV-V gamma protein, from Eastern Russel's viper, contains 260 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Venom serine protease that selectively activates factor V (F5) in a calcium-independent manner, It cleaves the Arg(1545)-Ser(1546) linkage in the human factor V molecule, Induces the coagulation of mammalian plasma

Belongs to the peptidase S1 family, Snake venom subfamily


This is Manganese peroxidase H4 protein, from White-rot fungus, contains 382 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Catalyzes the oxidation of Mn(2+) to Mn(3+), The latter, acting as a diffusible redox mediator, is capable of oxidizing a variety of lignin compounds

Belongs to the peroxidase family, Ligninase subfamily


This is Mastin protein, from Dog, contains 280 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Trypsin-like serine protease, Has a preference for extended substrates with basic residues at the P1 position; Arg is preferred over Lys, Active towards calcitonin gene-related peptide and gelatin, Not active towards substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide, type I collagen or azocasein


This is Dermatopontin protein, from Bovine, contains 201 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Seems to mediate adhesion by cell surface integrin binding, May serve as a communication link between the dermal fibroblast cell surface and its extracellular matrix environment, Enhances TGFB1 activity, Inhibits cell proliferation, Accelerates collagen fibril formation, and stabilizes collagen fibrils against low-temperature dissociation


This is Glutamate receptor 3 protein, from Rat, contains 888 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission, L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system, Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse, The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist, In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate (By similarity)

Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1,A,10,1) family, GRIA3 subfamily


This is Chorion transcription factor Cf2 protein, from Fruit fly, contains 510 amino acids, has 7 C2H2-type Zinc finger, locates in Nucleus.

Transcriptional regulator; binds to the promoter region of Cp15, Also binds to its own promoter, thus having a probable autoregulatory role


This is Amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A protein, from Rat, contains 526 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of primary and some secondary amine such as neurotransmitters, with concomitant reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide and has important functions in the metabolism of neuroactive and vasoactive amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues (PubMed:18391214, PubMed:9162023), Preferentially oxidizes serotonin (PubMed:20493079), Also catalyzes the oxidative deamination of kynuramine to 3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropanal that can spontaneously condense to 4-hydroxyquinoline (PubMed:18391214)

Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family


This is CD9 antigen protein, from Human, contains 228 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Integral membrane protein associated with integrins, which regulates different processes, such as sperm-egg fusion, platelet activation and aggregation, and cell adhesion (PubMed:8478605, PubMed:14575715, PubMed:18541721), Present at the cell surface of oocytes and plays a key role in sperm-egg fusion, possibly by organizing multiprotein complexes and the morphology of the membrane required for the fusion (By similarity), In myoblasts, associates with CD81 and PTGFRN and inhibits myotube fusion during muscle regeneration (By similarity), In macrophages, associates with CD81 and beta-1 and beta-2 integrins, and prevents macrophage fusion into multinucleated giant cells specialized in ingesting complement-opsonized large particles (PubMed:12796480), Also prevents the fusion between mononuclear cell progenitors into osteoclasts in charge of bone resorption (By similarity), Acts as a receptor for PSG17 (By similarity), Involved in platelet activation and aggregation (PubMed:18541721), Regulates paranodal junction formation (By similarity), Involved in cell adhesion, cell motility and tumor metastasis (PubMed:8478605, PubMed:7511626)

Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family


This is DNA-directed RNA polymerases I, II, and III subunit RPABC5 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 70 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

DNA-dependent RNA polymerases catalyze the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates, Common component of RNA polymerases I, II and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors, mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs, and a small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively, Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, Pols are composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other, In Pol II, RBP10 is part of the core element with the central large cleft

Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family


This is Ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial protein, from Voodoo lily, contains 349 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the cyanide-resistant oxidation of ubiquinol and the reduction of molecular oxygen to water, but does not translocate protons and consequently is not linked to oxidative phosphorylation, May increase respiration when the cytochrome respiratory pathway is restricted, or in response to low temperatures, In S,guttatum the alternative respiratory pathway is thermogenic

Belongs to the alternative oxidase family


This is rRNA 2'-O-methyltransferase fibrillarin protein, from Rat, contains 327 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that has the ability to methylate both RNAs and proteins, Involved in pre-rRNA processing by catalyzing the site-specific 2'-hydroxyl methylation of ribose moieties in pre-ribosomal RNA (By similarity), Site specificity is provided by a guide RNA that base pairs with the substrate (By similarity), Methylation occurs at a characteristic distance from the sequence involved in base pairing with the guide RNA (By similarity), Probably catalyzes 2'-O-methylation of U6 snRNAs in box C/D RNP complexes, U6 snRNA 2'-O-methylation is required for mRNA splicing fidelity, Also acts as a protein methyltransferase by mediating methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ104me), a modification that impairs binding of the FACT complex and is specifically present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus (By similarity), Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit, During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome (By similarity)

Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily, Fibrillarin family


This is 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial protein, from Human, contains 587 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent condensation of succinyl-CoA and glycine to form aminolevulinic acid (ALA), with CoA and CO2 as by-products (PubMed:14643893), Catalytic activity is 65-75% of isoform 1 activity (PubMed:14643893)

Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family


This is Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1-1, chloroplastic protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 332 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Plastid.

Stabilizes the manganese cluster which is the primary site of water splitting


This is Sodium/calcium exchanger 1 protein, from Dog, contains 970 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes (PubMed:1700476, PubMed:1785844, PubMed:9486131, PubMed:17962412), Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle, In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum, SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels rapidly return to baseline, Required for normal embryonic heart development and the onset of heart contractions (By similarity)

Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2,A,19) family, SLC8 subfamily


This is Cyclin-C protein, from Fruit fly, contains 267 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in regulated gene transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes, Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors, Binds to and activates cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk8 that phosphorylates the CTD (C-terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAp II), which may inhibit the formation of a transcription initiation complex, Required for leg and eye development and macrochaete specification or differentiation

Belongs to the cyclin family, Cyclin C subfamily


This is Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 19 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 220 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes, Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors, The Mediator complex unfolds to an extended conformation and partially surrounds RNA polymerase II, specifically interacting with the unphosphorylated form of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, The Mediator complex dissociates from the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and stays at the promoter when transcriptional elongation begins

Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 19 family


This is Myelin protein P0 protein, from Human, contains 248 amino acids, has 1 Ig-like V-type Immunoglobulin domain, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Ig-like V-type

Is an adhesion molecule necessary for normal myelination in the peripheral nervous system, It mediates adhesion between adjacent myelin wraps and ultimately drives myelin compaction


This is DNA mismatch repair protein MSH1, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 959 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.

Important for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) stability and repair, Recognizes and binds to base-base and small insertion-deletion mismatches in mtDNA, ATP binding and hydrolysis is crucial for function, Binding to a mismatched base pair attenuates ATP hydrolysis, Also involved in proper sorting of mtDNA during mtDNA transmission

Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family


This is Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor protein, from Rat, contains 591 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for parathyroid hormone and for parathyroid hormone-related peptide, The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase and also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family


This is Nucleolar transcription factor 1 protein, from Mouse, contains 765 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, It binds specifically to the upstream control element


This is Protein 60A protein, from Fruit fly, contains 455 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Extracellular.

Required for the growth of imaginal tissues and for patterning of the adult wing


This is Carboxypeptidase S protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 576 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Lysosome/Vacuole.

Necessary for use of certain peptides as sole nitrogen source, May also cleave intracellularly generated peptides to recycle amino acids for protein synthesis


This is Histone H2AX protein, from Mouse, contains 143 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes, Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template, Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability, DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling, Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation


This is Mitochondrial FAD-linked sulfhydryl oxidase ERV1 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 189 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

FAD-dependent sulfhydryl oxidase that catalyzes disulfide bond formation, Required for the import and folding of small cysteine-containing proteins in the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), Forms a redox cycle with MIA40 that involves a disulfide relay system, Important for maintaining the cysteine residues in MIA40 in an oxidized state, Reduced ERV1 is reoxidized by cytochrome c, Required for the maturation of cytoplasmic, but not of mitochondrial Fe/S proteins


This is Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase protein, from Rat, contains 902 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the NADP(+)-dependent conversion of 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate and carbon dioxide (PubMed:1848231, PubMed:10585460, PubMed:7822273, PubMed:17884809, PubMed:17302434), May also have an NADP(+)-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase activity towards formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and benzaldehyde (PubMed:1848231)

In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family, ALDH1L subfamily


This is Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit 2, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 369 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Mitochondrion.

Performs an essential role in the oxidative function of the citric acid cycle, Also binds RNA; specifically to the 5'-untranslated leaders of mitochondrial mRNAs

Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family


This is Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2-24 kDa protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 218 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins (PubMed:1869573) (By similarity), Required for the adaptation to the presence of glucose in the growth medium; mediates the degradation of enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis when cells are shifted to glucose-containing medium (PubMed:9737955, PubMed:10811607, PubMed:12686616), Required for proteasome-dependent catabolite degradation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP1) (PubMed:9737955, PubMed:10811607, PubMed:12686616, PubMed:28126757)

Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family


This is Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (fumarate) protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 314 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with fumarate as the electron acceptor, Molecular oxygen can replace fumarate in vitro, Does not use oxaloacetate or NAD or NADP as electron acceptors

Belongs to the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase family, Type 1 subfamily


This is ATP-binding cassette sub-family D member 3 protein, from Human, contains 659 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Peroxisome.

Broad substrate specificity ATP-dependent transporter of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family that catalyzes the transport of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA)-CoA, dicarboxylic acids-CoA, long-branched-chain fatty acids-CoA and bile acids from the cytosol to the peroxisome lumen for beta-oxydation (PubMed:11248239, PubMed:25168382, PubMed:24333844, PubMed:29397936), Has fatty acyl-CoA thioesterase and ATPase activities (PubMed:29397936), Probably hydrolyzes fatty acyl-CoAs into free fatty acids prior to their ATP-dependent transport into peroxisomes (By similarity), Thus, play a role in regulation of LCFAs and energy metabolism namely, in the degradation and biosynthesis of fatty acids by beta-oxidation (PubMed:25944712, PubMed:24333844)

Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily, ABCD family, Peroxisomal fatty acyl CoA transporter (TC 3,A,1,203) subfamily


This is Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 protein, from Mouse, contains 802 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Acts as negative regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling by direct dephosphorylation of the Src family kinases LCK and FYN, ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, as well as ZAP70, VAV, VCP and other key signaling molecules (By similarity), Associates with and probably dephosphorylates CBL (By similarity), Dephosphorylates LCK at its activating 'Tyr-394' residue (By similarity), Dephosphorylates ZAP70 at its activating 'Tyr-492' residue (By similarity), Dephosphorylates the immune system activator SKAP2 (By similarity), Positively regulates toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced type 1 interferon production (PubMed:23871208), Promotes host antiviral responses mediated by type 1 interferon (PubMed:23871208), Regulates NOD2-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and autophagy (PubMed:23991106), Acts as an activator of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by mediating dephosphorylation of 'Tyr-861' of NLRP3 (PubMed:27043286), Dephosphorylates phospho-anandamide (p-AEA), an endocannabinoid to anandamide (also called N-arachidonoylethanolamide) (PubMed:16938887)

Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family, Non-receptor class 4 subfamily


This is Glucagon receptor protein, from Rat, contains 485 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon that plays a central role in the regulation of blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis, Regulates the rate of hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen hydrolysis and gluconeogenesis, Plays an important role in mediating the responses to fasting, Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase, Promotes activation of adenylate cyclase, Besides, plays a role in signaling via a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system


This is DNA topoisomerase 1 alpha protein, from Mouse-ear cress, contains 916 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Releases the supercoiling and torsional tension of DNA introduced during the DNA replication and transcription by transiently cleaving and rejoining one strand of the DNA duplex, Introduces a single-strand break via transesterification at a target site in duplex DNA, The scissile phosphodiester is attacked by the catalytic tyrosine of the enzyme, resulting in the formation of a DNA-(3'-phosphotyrosyl)-enzyme intermediate and the expulsion of a 5'-OH DNA strand, The free DNA strand then rotates around the intact phosphodiester bond on the opposing strand, thus removing DNA supercoils, Finally, in the religation step, the DNA 5'-OH attacks the covalent intermediate to expel the active-site tyrosine and restore the DNA phosphodiester backbone (By similarity), Can complement a TOP1-deficient yeast mutant (PubMed:16669064), Plays a critical role in the maintenance of a regular pattern of organ initiation, Topoisomerases I enzymes (TOP1A and TOP1B) are essential for plant survival (PubMed:12215507), Functions together with the stem cell maintenance gene WUSCHEL (WUS) in stem cell regulation, Required to maintain developmentally regulated gene repression, Functions synergistically with chromatin remodeling factors (PubMed:20228247), Is required for the repression of WUS expression in flower development, Plays a role in polycomb group (PcG) protein-mediated histone H3 trimethylation on 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) at the WUS gene locus, H3K27me3 induces transcriptional repression of WUS, May assist AGAMOUS (AG) in recruiting PcG proteins to WUS locus, Reduces nucleosome density, especially at genes that are targets of PcG proteins (PubMed:25070639), Plays a role in epigenetic silencing, Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) by promoting Pol V transcription to generate long non-coding RNA transcripts, Is dispensable for Pol IV-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) biogenesis, Promotes transposable element (TE) silencing at endogenous RdDM target loci through histone H3 dimethylation of 'Lys-9' (H3K9me2), Promotes the production of Pol V-dependent long non-coding transcripts that facilitate the recruitment of siRNA-AGO4 and AGO4 occupancy at TEs (PubMed:24992598)

Belongs to the type IB topoisomerase family


This is M-phase inducer phosphatase 3 protein, from Human, contains 473 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Functions as a dosage-dependent inducer in mitotic control, Tyrosine protein phosphatase required for progression of the cell cycle, When phosphorylated, highly effective in activating G2 cells into prophase, Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and activates its kinase activity


This is Cell death protein 4 protein, from Caenorhabditis elegans, contains 571 amino acids, locates in Mitochondrion.


This is Vasopressin V2 receptor protein, from Human, contains 371 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for arginine vasopressin, The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase, Involved in renal water reabsorption

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily


This is Translocator protein protein, from Human, contains 169 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Can bind protoporphyrin IX and may play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme (By similarity), Promotes the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes and may play a role in lipid metabolism (PubMed:24814875), but its precise physiological role is controversial, It is apparently not required for steroid hormone biosynthesis, Was initially identified as peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor; can also bind isoquinoline carboxamides (PubMed:1847678)


This is Adenosine receptor A2a protein, from Rat, contains 410 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for adenosine (By similarity), The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (PubMed:23994616)

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family


This is Somatostatin receptor type 3 protein, from Rat, contains 428 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28, This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase


This is Tachykinin-like peptides receptor 86C protein, from Fruit fly, contains 504 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is Tachykinin-like peptides receptor 99D protein, from Fruit fly, contains 519 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.


This is Neurotensin receptor type 1 protein, from Human, contains 418 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Cell membrane.

G-protein coupled receptor for the tridecapeptide neurotensin (NTS) (PubMed:8381365, PubMed:21725197, PubMed:23140271), Signaling is effected via G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system, Signaling leads to the activation of downstream MAP kinases and protects cells against apoptosis (PubMed:21725197)

Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family, Neurotensin receptor subfamily, NTSR1 sub-subfamily


This is POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 3 protein, from Mouse, contains 497 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Transcription factor that acts synergistically with SOX11 and SOX4 (By similarity), Plays a role in neuronal development, Is implicated in an enhancer activity at the embryonic met-mesencephalic junction; the enhancer element contains the octamer motif (5'-ATTTGCAT-3')

Belongs to the POU transcription factor family, Class-3 subfamily


This is Mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 16 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 974 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes, Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, The Mediator complex, having a compact conformation in its free form, is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors, The Mediator complex unfolds to an extended conformation and partially surrounds RNA polymerase II, specifically interacting with the unphosphorylated form of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II, The Mediator complex dissociates from the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme and stays at the promoter when transcriptional elongation begins

Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 16 family


This is Glutamine synthetase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 370 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family


This is Acetyl-CoA hydrolase protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 526 amino acids, is soluble, locates in Cytoplasm.

Presumably involved in regulating the intracellular acetyl-CoA pool for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation, It may be involved in overall regulation of acetylation during melatonin synthesis

Belongs to the acetyl-CoA hydrolase/transferase family


This is Protein MSS51, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 436 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Has a dual role in the assembly of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), It has a regulative function on COX1 synthesis, acting as a translational activator specific for the COX1 mRNA, and it also binds to newly synthesized COX1 protein, Together with COX14, may act as a chaperone that binds efficiently unassembled COX1 and prevents it from unproductive aggregation, When bound to COX1, MSS51 is unable to interact with the COX1 mRNA and translation is halted, This may be a feedback control that ensures that COX1 is only produced as long as potentially harmful assembly intermediates are not accumulating


This is Rotenone-insensitive NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 513 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the oxidation of NADH generated inside the Mitochondrion

Belongs to the NADH dehydrogenase family


This is Minichromosome maintenance protein 10 protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 571 amino acids, locates in Nucleus.

Required for DNA synthesis, Required for entry into or completion of S phase, Involved in DNA replication and seems to participate in the activation of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and in transcription elongation, May play a role as a key coordinator in assembling the replication fork, Proposed to function at replication origins following the binding of the MCM2-7 complex prior to the recruitment of CDC45, Probably is required to stimulate phosphorylation of the MCM2-7 complex by the CDC7-DBF4 kinase complex, May recruit the DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex to replication origins and is required to maintain it on chromatin independently of CDC45, May also play a role in transcriptional silencing


This is 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, mitochondrial protein, from Baker's yeast, contains 372 amino acids, is membrane-bound, locates in Mitochondrion.

Catalyzes the prenylation of para-hydroxybenzoate (PHB) with an all-trans polyprenyl group, Mediates the second step in the final reaction sequence of coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, which is the condensation of the polyisoprenoid side chain with PHB, generating the first membrane-bound Q intermediate

Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family