Question: Describe a research paper that analyzes the ability to de-anonymize Tor users with bitcoin transaction analysis.

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 Describe a research paper that analyzes the ability to de-anonymize Tor users with bitcoin transaction analysis.

Researchers from Qatar University in Doha published a paper on January 23, 2018, detailing their successful attempt to de-anonymize Tor users with bitcoin transaction analysis.
In this shocking research paper, a clear and simple method is explained for tracking the real identities of people who sent or received payments for hidden services using bitcoin. 125 unique users were positively identified and connected with 20 different Tor hidden services. These services included sensitive transactions on deep web markets such as Silk Road and The Pirate Bay, and also donations to Wikileaks.
It is quite ironic how Bitcoin had been stigmatized in the past as an anonymous payment method that enables criminal activity and money laundering. In fact, we now understand that the opposite is true. Bitcoin is practically a gift for law enforcement agencies with access to big data. Not only can bitcoin transactions be analyzed to expose criminal activity currently taking place over Tor, but transactions made in the past can also be analyzed to reveal, in accurate detail, who did what, and when, from where. If no statute of limitations is in place for the specific illegal activity, then bitcoin can be a tool that law enforcement agencies can use to track down every prosecutable felony and misdemeanor accomplished with bitcoin over Tor since the creation of the network.
Additionally, with the Qatar University method, bitcoin transactions can be analyzed to reveal who has been financially supporting alternative truth-revealing media such as Wikileaks and other similar organizations. This could indirectly put whistleblowers in danger and eventually shut down mechanisms in place to protect whistleblowers and journalists who wish to investigate and publish sensitive truths.
The Qatar University researchers began their study by crawling the onion landing pages of 1,500 hidden services and extracted 88 bitcoin payment addresses including two ransomware addresses. They then crawled two online social networks; Twitter and the Bitcointalk.org forum. Five billion tweets and one million bitcointalk forum pages were crawled to create two datasets of 4,100, and 41,000 bitcoin addresses publicly displayed on these respective social networks. Finally, they examined Bitcoin blockchain transaction data, specifically searching for transactions between Twitter/Bitcointalk users BTC addresses and Tor hidden services BTC addresses. The results were expanded with techniques that built upon the initial findings and analyzed corresponding transaction history.
This research was done by privacy advocates. All 125 people who were doxed in this study were contacted by the researchers and informed of the threat and offered possible remedies. A thread was also posted on the Bitcointalk.org forum informing the public of the dangers this study had uncovered. However, we can easily imagine how these techniques can, will, and most likely already have been used by adversaries to privacy to document bitcoin users’ activities over Tor and possibly use the data for blackmail or in an unethical manner.
It is also suggested by the Qatar researchers to follow Bitcoin best practices, to use CoinJoin, Fair Exchange, CoinSwap, and stealth addresses. Privacy-focused altcoins, specifically Zcash and Monero, are also mentioned in the paper as a way to protect the anonymity of sensitive transactions.


Question: Describe the disagreement between the Georgia court and election officials on the topic of switching to paper ballot voting for the upcoming 2018 midterm congressional primaries.

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 Describe the disagreement between the Georgia court and election officials on the topic of switching to paper ballot voting for the upcoming 2018 midterm congressional primaries.

Georgia Will Use Electronic Voting Machines This Fall As Paper Ballot Case Falters A judge said such a paper ballot rollout would "seriously test" the capacity of election workers and "swamp the polls with work and voters," leading to "disaffection and frustration."
A touchscreen voting machine in Sandy Springs, Ga., during the primary election in May 2018. As the midterm congressional primaries heat up amid warnings of Russian hacking, about 1 in 5 Americans will be casting their ballots on machines that do not produce a paper record of their votes.
There's a broad consensus among cybersecurity experts that such machines are vulnerable to potential hacks. If hackers manipulate vote totals, or another error occurs, there's no backup.
Even though Totenberg said it might calm her concerns about the security of elections in the state, she decided against a wholesale switch from the touchscreen machines to paper ballots in the next month before early voting begins in Georgia Oct. 15.
The judge said such a paper ballot rollout would "seriously test" the capacity of election workers and "swamp the polls with work and voters," leading to "disaffection and frustration."
"There is nothing like bureaucratic confusion and long lines to sour a citizen," Totenberg said.
A few Georgia voters and election security advocates originally filed a lawsuit in 2017 over the state's election security. It names Republican Secretary of State Brian Kemp, a candidate for governor in Georgia, and other election officials.
The voters and advocates argued evidence of Russian attempts to hack U.S. election systems in 2016 pose a new, urgent threat to election integrity the state wasn't thinking about when it implemented the touchscreen voting machines in 2002.
An NPR/Marist poll this week found that 56 percent of Americans believe electronic voting machines make elections less safe and 68 percent thought paper ballots made elections more secure.
Georgia was not one of the 21 states whose election systems were targeted by Russian hackers in 2016, according to the secretary of state's office. But an indictment from special counsel Robert Mueller of 12 Russian intelligence officers revealed that they had visited county election websites in Georgia and other states.
Totenberg admonished state election officials for their handling of security, saying they had "buried their heads in the sand."
"The Court is gravely concerned about the State's pace in responding to the serious vulnerabilities of its voting system," the judge said.
Lawyers for one group of plaintiffs, led by the Coalition for Good Governance, indicated they would not pursue an appeal, saying they're disappointed the machines will be used in the Nov. 6 elections.
"Judge Totenberg's decision is broadly consistent with the positions that the Coalition is taking in the case — particularly the urgent need for Georgia, as soon as feasible, to switch to paper ballots," said Atlanta attorney Bruce P. Brown in an emailed statement.
Kemp established a commission earlier this year to investigate how best to move Georgia to a paper ballot voting system by the 2020 presidential election. He has long faced questions about how the secretary of state's office, under his leadership, has handled cybersecurity.
Lawyers for Kemp, and the other election officials, argued the touchscreen machines are secure and that switching to paper ballots so close to the Nov. 6 elections would actually pose more of a security threat.
Paper ballots "are not the Holy Grail of voter integrity," said John Salter, a lawyer for the defense at a hearing last week.
Kemp faces Democrat Stacey Abrams in the Georgia race for governor.
"With this ruling behind us," Kemp said in a written statement Tuesday morning, "we will continue our preparations for a secure, orderly election in November."


Question: Explain the origins and culture of the Sama-Bajau. Respond in 4 sentences.

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 Explain the origins and culture of the Sama-Bajau. Respond in 4 sentences.

The Sama-Bajau refers to several Austronesian ethnic groups of Maritime Southeast Asia with their origins from the southern Philippines. The name collectively refers to related people who usually call themselves the Sama or Samah (formally A'a Sama, "Sama people"); or are known by the exonym Bajau (, also spelled Badjao, Bajaw, Badjau, Badjaw, Bajo or Bayao). They usually live a seaborne lifestyle, and use small wooden sailing vessels such as the "perahu" ("layag" in Meranau), "djenging" ("balutu"), "lepa", and "vinta" ("pilang"). Some Sama-Bajau groups native to Sabah are also known for their traditional horse culture.


Question: Research and discuss the cumulative financial impacts of tax and social security policies in the UK since 2010. Respond in 13 sentences.

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 Research and discuss the cumulative financial impacts of tax and social security policies in the UK since 2010. Respond in 13 sentences.

While the poorest tenth of households will on average lose about 10% of their income by 2022 – equivalent to £1 in every £8 of net income – the richest will lose just 1%, or about £1 in every £250 of net income, the study carried out for the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) reveals.
The study modelled the cumulative impact on UK households by 2022 of all tax, social security and public spending policies carried out since 2010, including universal credit, VAT, and the national minimum wage.
It found that because of the regressive nature of the reforms implemented by the coalition and Conservative governments, households in the bottom half of the income scale would lose about £1,500 a year, while the top 20% of households would lose between £200 and £600.
It found that while regressive tax and benefits policies were a mark of both governments since 2010, the impact of policy decisions taken by the two Conservative administrations since 2015 will be to reduce incomes for the poorest, while increasing incomes for the richest 20%.
Ethnic minority households will be more adversely affected than white households; the average loss for black families is 5% of income – more than double that for white families.
Families with a disabled adult and a disabled child will lose more than £5,500 a year as as result of tax and benefit changes, or about 13% of their net income; Those with disabled children only will lose an average of £3,300 a year.
Lone parents will lose about 15% of their net income on average, equivalent to almost £1 in every £6.
The study found that households with the most serious disabilities – measured across a range of specific functional difficulties, including mobility and mental health – stand to lose most as a result of tax and benefit reforms, most notably as a result of cuts introduced under universal credit.
Measured on a scale of one to 10, households with a disability score of six or above lose 10% of net income on average, while those with a disability score of zero lose just 0.1% of income on average.
Women, who will lose about £940 on average from the reforms, lose more than men (£460 on average) at every income level. The study says this is because women are more dependent than men on benefits and tax credits, which have seen huge cuts since 2010.
The EHRC said the government had consistently refused to carry out a cumulative impact assessment of its policies, preferring to focus on the narrow impact of individual policies, but this study showed that such an exercise was both possible and necessary.
“If we want a prosperous and, in line with the prime minister’s vision, a fair Britain that works for everyone, the government must come clean and provide a full and cumulative impact analysis of all current and future tax and social security policies,” said Isaac.


Question: Describe the effects of President Trump's policies toward North Korea on cyber security.

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 Describe the effects of President Trump's policies toward North Korea on cyber security.

President Trump Donald John TrumpTrump calls Sri Lankan prime minister following church bombings Ex-Trump lawyer: Mueller knew Trump had to call investigation a 'witch hunt' for 'political reasons' The biggest challenge from the Mueller Report depends on the vigilance of everyone MORE’s recent goodwill toward North Korea is at odds with his administration’s attempts to crack down on the country’s cyberattacks, and experts say the president’s plaudits could hinder U.S.-led efforts to deter North Korean aggression in cyberspace.
But even as more examples of the cyber threat emerge, Trump has remained largely complimentary of North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un as he looks to reach a historic deal on denuclearization. Analysts say a more unified front is necessary to stop Pyongyang’s cyber efforts.
“Certainly to the extent that your messaging seems at odds with what your law enforcement is doing, or your economic policies don’t match up with your diplomatic actions,” that will “make it more difficult for that message to be delivered to whatever country you’re talking about trying to deter from a certain set of actions,” said Michael Daniel, cybersecurity coordinator during the Obama administration who’s now head of the Cyber Threat Alliance.
Those comments came the same month that the DOJ attempted to “name and shame” North Korea in a 179-page complaint about the country’s alleged involvement in the 2014 Sony Pictures hack, the WannaCry malware attack and the theft of $81 million from the central bank of Bangladesh.
And on the day that his administration unveiled the first U.S. charges against a North Korean hacker, Trump praised Kim twice that day, with a tweet in the morning and remarks at a rally that night.
DOJ officials said at the time that the White House was aware the charges against the hacker would be unsealed.
Some experts say Trump is prioritizing denuclearization, which has led him to pursue his own strategy on North Korea, separate from the U.S. intelligence community’s cyber goals.
Many experts and lawmakers on Capitol Hill have long called for a whole-of-government approach to deterring malicious cyber actors, saying a unified front can help set clear lines as to what is and isn’t considered acceptable behavior in cyberspace.
“The administration’s messaging certainly does not seem to have slowed down the North Korean cyber operations, based on publicly available data,” he said.
Others have warned that North Korea has gone after cryptocurrency exchanges in an effort to bulk up its coffers.
FireEye’s report points toward North Korea using cyberattacks mostly for financial gain as it suffers under the weight of economic sanctions. Pyongyang-backed hackers target financial institutions to try to access and then transfer funds, FireEye said.
Richard Harknett, a cybersecurity researcher and head of the political science department at the University of Cincinnati, said that while U.S. government officials may have hoped the DOJ charges against the North Korea programmer would serve as a deterrent, the country will continue to use its cyber team for financial purposes so long as sanctions remain in place.
But he said the denuclearization talks and cyber push could go hand in hand: If North Korea loses the capability to illicitly access funds through cyberattacks, officials in the country might be more willing to denuclearize in order to get the sanctions lifted.
“They’ll accept the U.S. position more if we’re able to take away cyber as an option for them,” he said.


Question: What is the latest news from Block.one? Respond in 184 words.

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 What is the latest news from Block.one? Respond in 184 words.

HONG KONG — 17 August 2018 – Block.one, publisher of the EOSIO blockchain software protocol and seller of the EOS Token, a top-five cryptocurrency by market cap at approximately US$4 billion, announced today that Alex Erasmus, a senior partner at leading international law firm Clifford Chance, will join the company as Chief Legal Officer later this year.
Erasmus will be based in Hong Kong, where he will serve as a member of the company’s Executive Committee. He will report to Block.one Group President Rob Jesudason.
In the role, Erasmus will oversee all Block.one’s group global legal, regulatory and compliance activities.
A specialist in global corporate finance, including corporate governance, public and private M&A, restructuring, regulatory and commercial work, Erasmus joins from Clifford Chance in London, where he heads the financial institutions group and acts for several of the world’s leading banks, insurers and asset managers.
Erasmus qualified in South Africa in 1998, before joining Clifford Chance in 2001 and becoming a partner in 2007. He is admitted as a solicitor in England and Wales and as an attorney in the Republic of South Africa.


Question: Who was Bruno Wolke? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 Who was Bruno Wolke? Respond in 1 sentences.

Bruno Wolke (4 May 1904 - 23 December 1973) was a German professional road bicycle racer.


Question: Hey, can you tell me anything about Frank Gill? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 Hey, can you tell me anything about Frank Gill? Respond in 1 sentences.

Frank Gill (born 5 December 1948) is an English footballer, who played as a winger in the Football League for Tranmere Rovers.


Question: Have you heard about the news about Jon Cordova?

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 Have you heard about the news about Jon Cordova?

Jon Cordova, the HHS principal deputy assistant secretary for administration, will formally resume his duties on Wednesday after being placed on a two-week administrative leave while leaders reviewed his use of social media to promote conspiracy theories.
Cordova, a former Trump campaign staffer, shared false stories about former President Barack Obama, Hillary Clinton, Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas) and others, CNN reported last month. For instance, he suggested that Cruz frequented prostitutes, and he called for a boycott on Budweiser because he said it supported "jihadis."
Although Cordova was placed on leave after the CNN story, he was repeatedly seen around the Humphrey building and at his desk, four HHS staffers told POLITICO.
Cordova has helped lead ReImagine HHS, an initiative intended to revamp staffing and structure. His office helps oversee HR policy and compliance with Equal Employment Opportunity laws.
An HHS spokesperson said the social media posts cited by CNN appear to have been created before Cordova joined HHS and that no complaints have been received about his conduct at HHS through the “usual departmental channels."
“He has acknowledged that he may have allowed the heat of the political campaign to undermine his better judgment, resulting in posted content by him that may have inadvertently offended many,” the spokesperson added.


Question: What is the symbolic significance of goats in relation to Satanism?

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 What is the symbolic significance of goats in relation to Satanism?

The goat. In the public's image of the Satanism, the goat head of Baphomet has been seen almost as the poster child for it's philosophies and principles. That being of bending reality to gain indulgence of physical pleasures. Loving the body, loving sensations. They have always had a history of being compared to evil and rebellion.
For farmers, sheep were always much easier to work with while goats would always fight back against the farmers orders. Since the character of Satan has always been that of rebellion it would thus make sense to symbolically link his philosophies with that of the goat.
In the bible metaphorical comparisons are also made with believers and sinners being compared to sheep and goat, respectively. This is mentioned in Matthew 25:31-33: “When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him, he will sit on his glorious throne. All the nations will be gathered before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. He will put the sheep on his right and the goats on his left.
The Devil - #15 in the Major Arcana.
Another reason for the comparison of goats to evil are the astrological signs of the zodiac, particularly the capricorn and it's connection to the roman god Saturn. Capricorn is ruled by Saturn, as everyone knows. The goat and this god are intimately linked. The zodiac sign of Capricorn is ruled by the Tarot card, XV - The Devil. Now, experts tell us not to jump to any conclusions, but keep in mind that this association is undisputed. Goats and Satan are linked.
There are more examples that could be found within the pantheon of roman gods, such as the god Pan, god of panic and generally breaking all mental boundaries to let loose. Rams and goats were his avatars and the west roman nobility really gave him a bad name. This too played its part in giving goats their negative association today.
The word "tragedy" was originally a general word referring to plays. It comes from "tragos," a word for the male goat-aka the ram, and also "ode" meaning hymn or song.
Greeks and romans found it easier due to the mountainous terrain to breed them instead of bovines, thus making them the center of their rural pagan cults and religions. Pagan/Rural cults often came in conflict with their urban/central/imperial counterparts.
Another interesting though somewhat off-topic fact is that around 3500-3000bc the goat was the symbol of "lord earth," the first son of God, also known as the sumerian god Enki. His other symbols were that of the turtle and fish. This is interesting because of the contrast of the depiction vs the roman pantheon. Like a complete opposite.
Many religions thought rams, goats and horns were deitic symbols. As Christianity became widespread it deemed those and many others as blasphemy and false gods.


Question: What is Special Olympics Great Britain? Respond in 2 sentences.

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 What is Special Olympics Great Britain? Respond in 2 sentences.

Special Olympics Great Britain is a sporting organisation for children and adults with intellectual disabilities that operates in England, Scotland and Wales. It is part of the global Special Olympics movement.


Question: Please provide a description of the latest Ghostek mix.

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 Please provide a description of the latest Ghostek mix.

What a treat. The ever elusive and (sort of) retiring Ghostek has put together a mix for Night Tracks.
The mix starts of with an old Ghostek favourite, 'Velvet' before launching into a more techno-ish style, indicative of the area he's moving in to, and it even includes a couple of new Ghostek demos just to make sure you know what to expect. You can listen to the mix below, or download it by clicking the artwork above.


Question: Name some past and present Formula 1 drivers.

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 Name some past and present Formula 1 drivers.

Nico Rosberg, 18 September 2004, DTM event, Brno, Czech Republic. Copyright Jiri Inneman, 2009. Used with permission.
Nico Rosberg, Goodwood Festival of Speed, 28th June 2015. Copyright Gergely Gabris, 2015. Used with Permission.
Son of Keke, GP2 champion in 2005. Speaks 6 languages, a legacy of his boyhood years in Monaco, plus his dad's, and indeed his own racing career. With the Mercedes team in F1 since 2010, he finally became a title contender in 2014, finishing as eventual runner-up. He continued to push team-mate Lewis Hamilton until Nico finally won the title in 2016. Having achieved his life's ambition, and with a small family to watch grow, Nico surprisingly retired from Formula 1 as reigning World Champion less than a week after his title win. Away from the sport, Nico was involved in an ice cream parlour business in Ibiza run by his wife and he will concentrate on spending more time with her and his children. He has also turned his hand to management and is part of former rival Robert Kubica's management team. Nico also supports his father's ADAC Masters and DTM teams as an advisor in both a driver and engineering capacity.
Pascal Wehrlein, Joachim Winkelhock, Manfred Winkelhock, Markus Winkelhock, Volker Weidler, Wolfgang von Trips, Sebastian Vettel, Toni Ulmen, Adrian Sutil, Hans-Joachim Stuck, Rolf Stommelen, Gunther Seifert, Wolfgang Seidel, Michael Schumacher, Ralf Schumacher, Bernd Schneider, Fritz Riess, Paul Pietsch, Josef Peters, Helmut Niedermayr, Gerhard Mitter, Harry Merkel, Jochen Mass, Andre Lotterer, Ernst Loof, Hermann Lang, Kurt Kuhnke, Rudolf Krause, Willi Krakau, Ernst Klodwig, Karl Kling, Hans Klenk, Oswald Karch, Nico Hulkenberg, Hans Heyer, Hans Herrmann, Theo Helfrich, Nick Heidfeld, Willi Heeks, Hubert Hahne, Helm Glockler, Timo Glock, Heinz-Harald Frentzen, Theo Fitzau, Ludwig Fischer, Christian Danner, Adolf Brudes, Stefan Bellof, Karl-Gunther Bechem, Erwin Bauer, Edgar Barth, Michael Bartels, Kurt Ahrens Jr., Kurt Adolff.
Jerome D'Ambrosio, Lewis Hamilton, Pastor Maldonado, Kazuki Nakajima, Nelsinho Piquet, Giedo van der Garde.


Question: Tell me about Hideo Kojima's recent interview.

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 Tell me about Hideo Kojima's recent interview.

On March 13, Geoff Keighley interviewed Hideo Kojima for an hour in a interview live streamed on Twitch. Here is a summary of Kojima’s answers.
Kojima presented the Fellowship award to Rockstar at the BAFTAs. Keighley asked what Kojima thought of the studio.
According to Kojima, with GTA Rockstar changed what game design was, with the freedom it offered. Kojima recounted that at the time MGS2 came out, GTA3 was also released. Kojima told his programmers he wanted a game that loaded the stages in the background to give the player full freedom. His staff said that wasn’t possible, and then Kojima showed them GTA3, and they were amazed by what they saw. Kojima thinks that when it comes to game design, there is a time before and after GTA.
What games have inspired you recently?
Kojima said that while he was playing GTAV for a few hours, he noticed all the small details and felt full of envy because of this. This happens for all the games he really likes. He also thought The Last of Us was great.
What’s the perception of gaming right now in Japan?
The market has shifted from core games to portable and mobile games. These kind of games are practical, and while Kojima likes that, he also really likes games where you really have to sit down, prepare and take your time. With the success of the PlayStation 4, Kojima hopes young people will discover these kind of games as well.
How do you feel about the launch of Ground Zeroes?
Normally Kojima has a small break after having finished a game, but because Ground Zeroes is a prologue, that is not the case this time. He is looking forward to seeing what people think of Ground Zeroes, but at the same time work on The Phantom Pain continues.
What’s the design philosophy behind GZ when it comes to storytelling?
When Kojima first started with the series, games didn’t really have stories, so he tried to put that in. Up until this point, the Metal Gear games have been story heavy, linear games. Movie-like games have become more common the last few years. Kojima thinks replay value is very important to games, and he wanted Ground Zeroes to be a game you can play over and over. People often associate Metal Gear with cutscenes. But in MSGV, Kojima tried to put as few cutscenes as possible, and a lot of information can be obtained by other means. Having few cutscenes doesn’t mean there is no story.
Can we expect multiple endings in future Metal Gear games?
Kojima isn’t planning to have different versions of the same story, but rather wants people to enjoy the missions in their own way.
Will Camp Omega return in The Phantom Pain?
Will Snake be in the next Smash Brothers?
Kojima said he didn’t know since he isn’t working on the game himself, but he doesn’t think it’s likely. He added, jokingly, that if Sakurai (creator of the Super Smash series) is watching, to ‘please use Snake’ for the game.
Is Kojima Productions interested in mobile gaming?
Not in the usual kind of games he sees on mobile devices, but he would like to create a deep adventure game.
When will we see Metal Gear Online?
Kojima Productions LA is working together with the original team, and he expects it to be ready be the time The Phantom Pain is released.
What do you think of Virtual Reality and Oculus Rift?
Kojima is a fan of new things, so he tried Oculus Rift. He can’t play it for more than five minutes though, as he gets sick easily. But he is always interested in new tech, and researching it.
What franchise would you like to direct or reboot?
Silent Hill. He would like to work on it in the future, but he would have to prepare for nightmares, as he gets scared easily.
When will Shinkawa get on Twitter?
Kojima doesn’t think Shinkawa will join Twitter, but there is a rumor he’s on Facebook.
Are you done with the Snatcher and Policenauts universes?
Kojima has no plans for new games in those franchises, but would be happy to assist if another studio tried.
Will you remake Metal Gear and Metal Gear 2 (MSX) using the FOX Engine? And what about Zone of the Enders 3?
A few years ago Kojima tried to create a new Zone of the Enders game, mixing the robot with Lord of the Rings-like adventure elements, and create a game that everyone around the world would be able to enjoy. But it became clear to him people didn’t want this, so the project was postponed for now.
While Kojima would like to remake the games with the changes to the story in mind, they don’t have the manpower to do it right now, so there are currently no plans for these remakes.
Is Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops canon or not?
Kojima considers this a difficult question to answer. While he did produce the game, he didn’t write the story himself, so some of the details are a bit off. The main storyline is part of the official timeline, but some of the details are not. More importantly though, he rather makes a distinction between games he only produced and games he wrote and directed as well. For a very exact translation of Kojima’s own words, check out this post.
Will Ground Zeroes receive additional downloadable content?
Kojima likes the idea but says having to create more content for Ground Zeroes would delay The Phantom Pain even more.
What was your favorite Metal Gear to work on?
Metal Gear Solid 1 on PlayStation. Kojima did pretty much everything, from sales to production. Kojima didn’t expect it to sell, so there wasn’t the pressure of having to sell a lot of copies.
Kojima wants Ground Zeroes to become ‘a Ground Zero for you’, as an introduction to The Phantom Pain.


Question: Who was Edward Waddington?

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 Who was Edward Waddington?

Edward Waddington (1670?–1731) was an English prelate, bishop of Chichester from 1724 to 1731.


Question: Describe the opinions expressed on social media about Apple's announcements during WWDC 2014.

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 Describe the opinions expressed on social media about Apple's announcements during WWDC 2014.

iOS 8 and OS X10.10 – breakthrough or a copy?
It’s halfway through the Worldwide Developers Conference and Apple have already surprised the social media users with its announcements. Some feel quiet excited about updates, but others are rather disappointed with a lack of new devices’ launch. Nevertheless, the most anticipated and trending are new operating systems: for mobile devices – iOS 8 and for Mac computers – OS X10.10 Yosemite. Both were mentioned jointly in over 33k entries on social media platforms within two days.
New operating system appealed to the huge audience, however WWDC 2014 failed in some areas. The most common reason of disappointment of social media users was the lack of new iPhone 6 and iWatch introduction. Others accused Apple of copying from other companies (Android, Blackberry). Sill positive opinions about Apple and WWDC exceed negative ones.
Number of mentions on 3rd of June in relation to the previous day decreased by 20%. People generated much more contents before the start of the conference.
The most popular source of mentions was Twitter. Its users generated over 25k mentions related to WWDC 2014.
As we mentioned before, social media users express rather positive attitude to WWDC and Apple. However, negative opinions are no exception. The chart below presents a proportion between positive (71%) and negative (29%) opinions. Negative opinions concern lack of new Apple devices and hardware implementation as well as copying ideas from others.
New operating system is definitely the story number one on the conference. It was mentioned (within two days of WWDC) over 10 000 times, which constitutes over 30% of all entries related to WWDC. Second most trendng subject during event is HealthKit – a mobile application that can collect and analyze users health data. The graph below depicts the list of the most popular announcements with number of mentions.
#Apple sure knows how to #wow a croud!! A call to #drdre during #wwdc. How nice!
*Reads WWDC Keynote Summary* Swift sounds cool. But looks like I’m buying a pebble and an Amazon TV thing.
When @Tim_Cook mentioned #Android during the #WWDC keynote, i realized that when you play catch up, you compare yourself with the best.
General attitudes towards WWDC in social media are positive.
Number of mentions as well as estimated social media reach dropped on the second day of the conference.
iOS 8 and OS X10.10 are the most popular announcements from WWDC in social media.
People are not satisfied that Apple haven’t released iPhone 6, iWatch nor any hardware.
Other negative comments include accusations of copying solutions and technologies from other companies.


Question: Respond in 32 sentences. "It's great to see the Kings honoring Jari Kurri after all these years! What an incredible impact he had on the game and the team!"

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 Respond in 32 sentences. "It's great to see the Kings honoring Jari Kurri after all these years! What an incredible impact he had on the game and the team!"

LOS ANGELES — Before arriving at Staples Center in Los Angeles on January 14, former Los Angeles Kings superstar and Hall of Famer Jari Kurri wondered if Kings fans would remember him.
Although the applause when he was introduced at center ice prior to the game against the Winnipeg Jets wasn’t exactly thunderous, it was apparent that he hasn’t been forgotten here in Los Angeles.
But after scoring 108 goals and adding 185 assists for 293 points in 331 regular season games with the Kings (21st on Kings all-time scoring list) and ten goals with ten assists for 20 points in 28 playoff games (ranked 25th on Kings all-time playoff scoring list), Kurri, who played five seasons with the Kings from 1991-92 to 1995-96, had little reason to worry.
Indeed, the 56-year-old native of Helsinki, Finland is often remembered for his glory days with the Edmonton Oilers, where he won five Stanley Cups. But Kurri was also remembered for all the times he took a feed from The Great One, Wayne Gretzky and unleashed his patented, wicked one-timer from his off wing—something the two perfected in Edmonton, but that was also deadly in Los Angeles.
Kurri spoke to the media after he was honored by the Kings prior to their game against the Jets and one of the first things he recalled was his return to the National Hockey League after playing for a year with Jokerit Helsinki in Finland.
Kurri ended up being part of a three-way deal between the Oilers, Philadelphia Flyers and the Kings. On May 30, 1991, the Flyers sent Scott Mellanby, Craig Berube and Craig Fisher to the Oilers, who sent right wing Dave Brown, defenseman Corey Foster and the rights to Kurri to the Flyers. That same day, Philadelphia then traded Kurri’s rights, along with defenseman Jeff Chychrun, to the Kings in exchange for defenseman Steve Duchesne, center Steve Kasper and a fourth round pick in the 1991 NHL Entry Draft.
Once in Los Angeles, Kurri meshed well with his new team.
Of course, Los Angeles had other amenities to offer.
Taylor noted that Kurri did it all.
When he spoke with the media on January 14, Kurri was the same, mild-mannered, soft-spoken gentleman he was back in the day.
Kurri was also ahead of his time, in terms of strength and conditioning.
His strength and skating ability were very much apparent in how he played the game, even though he was not what you would call a very physical player.
Today, Kurri works with his hometown team, Jokerit in the KHL, after quitting Finland’s National Team three years ago. But being back in Los Angeles, Kurri marveled at the growth of hockey in Southern California since he left.
One of Taylor’s most memorable, if not infamous, stories involving himself and Kurri came from Game 7 of the 1993 Campbell Conference Final against the Toronto Maple Leafs, when, with a little more than two minutes left in the third period, Taylor, all alone in front, missed a wide open, gaping net off a perfect pass from Kurri.
After the play, Kurri, stunned, skated by Taylor with that “how did you miss THAT?” look.
LEAD PHOTO: Former Los Angeles Kings great Jari Kurri. Photo courtesy Los Angeles Kings.
Nice tribute! I jumped on the Kings bandwagon in ’93 mainly because I thought what a great story it would be for Gretzky and Kurri to reunite and win another cup – still wish it had happened… Have been a Kings fan ever since but it all began with that story!
Nice article, but one thing, well, two: Jokerit Helsinki does not play in Sweden but in Finland. And that one year Jari Kurri didn’t play for that team, but Milano Devils in Italy. Weird, but true.
How strange. I made that correction before this story was actually published. I wonder how it got reverted…thanks for pointing that out.
According to all the reliable sources I found, he played for Jokerit that one year. Do you have a source that says otherwise?
One very reliable source was Kurri himself, by the way.


Question: What equestrian sports are popular in India? Respond briefly.

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 What equestrian sports are popular in India? Respond briefly.

India has a wide following in various equestrian sports like showjumping, eventing, dressage, endurance and tentpegging. Supported by the Equestrian Federation of India, eventing is the most popular of the five, with teams representing the country at most Asian Games, winning a bronze medal in the 2002 and 2006 games. India has been represented at the Olympics twice, by Wing Commander I.J.Lamba, and Imtiaz Anees.


Question: Have you heard of Epictetus? Respond in 15 sentences.

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 Have you heard of Epictetus? Respond in 15 sentences.

Yeah, no one ever passed his class and all his students hated him, but Epictetus didn't really let it bother him.
Epictetus was a 1st century Roman Stoic Philosopher. He was extremely influential in his time, both in popular Roman culture and morality, and philosophy. Epictetus was born a slave and lived a very rough life. His leg was crippled from a young age, supposedly from his master punishing him. He also struggled with illness his entire life, however eventually he was able to become a free man and establish a school of philosophy, where he taught until he died. While I'm not sure there are any account of what type of teacher he was, due to the harsh, demanding style of his Stoic ethics it isn't hard to imagine that he might have been demanding of his students (or perhaps not, but that's at least how I imagine it).
According to his philosophy everything happens according to nature. So, according to Epictetus, it is simply irrational to get upset at things being as they are. He rejects that external events can cause in us negative feelings, and instead claims that it is our attitudes and judgments of those events that cause suffering. So, if one is to cry over spilt milk, it isn't the milk that made us cry, but our own belief that it shouldn't have spilled. Once we recognize that the milk spilling is in perfect accord with the predetermined harmony of the world, well then I guess it shouldn't bother us. Realizing how difficult this kind of life was for most people, he also had practical advise on how to achieve the stoic frame of mind. For example, he said that we should visualize negative outcomes ahead of time (such as a loved one dying), to mentally prepare ourselves for their inevitable arrival.
You can find out more about Epictetus on the History of Philosophy without any Gaps, or Partially Examined Life (the linked article is pretty informative too).


Question: Respond in 8 sentences. What is packaging engineering?

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 Respond in 8 sentences. What is packaging engineering?

Packaging engineering, also package engineering, packaging technology and packaging science, is a broad topic ranging from design conceptualization to product placement. All steps along the manufacturing process, and more, must be taken into account in the design of the package for any given product. Package engineering is an interdisciplinary field integrating science, engineering, technology and management to protect and identify products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. It encompasses the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages. It is a system integral to the value chain that impacts product quality, user satisfaction, distribution efficiencies, and safety. Package engineering includes industry-specific aspects of industrial engineering, marketing, materials science, industrial design and logistics. Packaging engineers must interact with research and development, manufacturing, marketing, graphic design, regulatory, purchasing, planning and so on. The package must sell and protect the product, while maintaining an efficient, cost-effective process cycle.


Question: Write a short story about someone casting their vote in the US presidential election. Respond in 3 sentences.

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 Write a short story about someone casting their vote in the US presidential election. Respond in 3 sentences.

Election Day: Local dimwit John Thurpwood was guilt-tripped by his Facebook friends into visiting his designated polling place and voting in the US presidential election today, despite not knowing anything about the candidates or their positions on various political issues.
After browsing dozens of other PSAs featuring various celebrities, authority figures, and cute children telling him that it doesn’t matter who he votes for as long as he votes, Thurpwood changed his mind.
Upon exiting the polling booth, Thurpwood put on his “I voted!” pin, having proudly cast a vote for Dr. Jill Stein and Cheri Honkala of the Green Party because he thought they would legalize marijuana.


Question: Describe Cristiano Ronaldo's greatest records in football.

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 Describe Cristiano Ronaldo's greatest records in football.

Cristiano Ronaldo is one of the most complete footballers on the planet; the current Ballon d’Or winner has proven himself everywhere he has played as one the premier players in the game.
He has won awards and has set the bar at a level that perhaps won’t be reached by anybody for some time to come or maybe never. The most famous number 7 in the world has set many records, but these are the most incredible seven records that he has set in world football.
Cristiano has scored 7 hat tricks in one single football season (2011-12), which is a personal record for him. Two incredible things about that record, first is that he did it seven times. The number seven seems to have a special meaning in everything he does. The other is that what he did in one season, some quality strikers don’t do in their careers. He has been an incredible goal scoring machine and he is not even a striker, which makes this achievement even more incredible.
Cristiano is the only player to score in 6 consecutive El Clasico games that he has played on. Not even Messi has done that, but that shouldn’t be a surprise. Cristiano elevates his game when the lights are on, and no game is bigger during the La Liga season or Copa del Rey than a clasico. The biggest games, bring out the best in the greatest player.
Cristiano is Portugal’s all-time leading scorer with 50 goals in 114 appearances. He has surpassed the Portuguese legend Eusebio that is an incredible achievement, and with so many more years of playing for his country ahead of him, he will most likely set a number that nobody else in the near future will even come close to surpass. He is one of those special players that Portugal is blessed to have.
Cristiano Ronaldo has scored in every single minute of a football game. The 90th minute seems to be his favorite, since he has scored 22 goals in that minute of the game. Clutch scoring when the game is on the line.
Cristiano is the only player to have played for Sporting CP U16, U17, U18, B team and first team all in one season. If you think about the fact that Sporting CP has also produced Nani, Quaresma and Figo, the fact that Cristiano is the only one to have achieved it, makes this record even more impressive. He is without a doubt their biggest talent to come out of their academy program.
Cristiano has won three European Golden Shoe awards, being the only player to have won it in two different leagues. He is an incredible player, and regardless of which league he plays in he will always be an impact player, having said that his move to La Liga has improved his production.


Question: Who is Saira Khan?

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 Who is Saira Khan?

Saira Khan (born 15 May 1970) is a British television presenter. In 2005, she was the runner-up of "The Apprentice". From 2012 to 2017, Khan co-presented "The Martin Lewis Money Show" and in 2015, she presented the ITV series "Guess This House". She is currently a panelist on "Loose Women" and competed in "Celebrity Big Brother 18". In 2019, she competed in "Dancing on Ice".


Question: Describe the outlines of the Brett Kavanaugh confirmation process.

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 Describe the outlines of the Brett Kavanaugh confirmation process.

The outlines of Brett Kavanaugh's confirmation process are clearer than ever.
The whole "accuser" thing is driving me crazy. There is a carefully nuanced pejorative lurking in the syllables there that makes me uneasy.
Anyway, Dr. Christine Blasey Ford and her legal team on Thursday proved themselves to be not only brave, but also shrewd. They told the Senate Judiciary Committee that Dr. Ford would be happy to testify before it next week. But not on Monday, and not until certain completely reasonable conditions are met.
Obliquely, of course, this invites Charles Grassley and his merry majority to line up with the anonymous callers and the cyberthugs who are making life miserable for Ford and her family. All they have to do is turn her down.
It also draws a nice bright line under the consequences Dr. Ford has suffered since coming forward. Kavanaugh's eating at the White House mess, while Ford and her family are eating takeout at some Motel 6. Only one of them has anything at risk behind what they have to say. Ford and her lawyers are offering Grassley a chance to be decent in front of the whole wide world. Their next move, of course, if Grassley declines the offer, will be to write him a letter expressing regret that he couldn't see fit to provide Dr. Ford with measures to ensure her safety. Grassley will certainly enjoy that, I'm sure.


Question: What is an example of a work by J.D. Salinger?

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 What is an example of a work by J.D. Salinger?

Mrs. Hincher is an unpublished short story by J.D. Salinger.


Question: What can you tell me about architectural firms in Texas?

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 What can you tell me about architectural firms in Texas?

W.R. Kaufman & Son was an architectural firm in Texas.


Question: Describe the Nintendo Virtual Boy.

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 Describe the Nintendo Virtual Boy.

Anyone for a bad back and eye strain?
Long before the Oculus Rift and HTC Vive, Nintendo was experimenting with a VR headset of it own. At first glance, the black-and-red Virtual Boy looked every bit as capable as the virtual reality headsets that were popular in the 90s, promising access to stereoscopic 3D worlds from the comfort of your living room. However, Nintendo got it wrong -- really wrong. With its two-legged stand, which led to many a bad back, and uncanny ability to induce eye strain, the Virtual Boy was gamble that never paid off.
Released in August 1995, the Virtual Boy sold over 750,000 units during its brief life span. For some, that would be considered a success, but Nintendo was riding high from the success of the SNES, which had shifted over 20 million units by the time the 32-bit console hit North American shelves. Within six months, Nintendo had discontinued the system and shifted its focus to the development of the Game Boy Pocket and the Game Boy Color.
Even though it's considered a failure for Nintendo, the Virtual Boy has become an intriguing collector's item for gaming enthusiasts. In this week's Tech Hunters episode, Julia Hardy tracks one down to find out more about the headset that was perhaps a little too ahead of its time.
Tech Hunters is a 10-part video series that uncovers the devices we were once obsessed with, looking at how they disrupted the tech industry, and what they're worth today. From the pocket pet obsession with the original Tamagotchi, to mix-tapes and Sony Walkman, Tech Hunters explores the audio, visual, interactive and transport innovations that have shaped today's culture.


Question: Explain what the Messinian Salinity Crisis was, and how it potentially caused an increase in volcanic activity. Respond in 586 words.

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 Explain what the Messinian Salinity Crisis was, and how it potentially caused an increase in volcanic activity. Respond in 586 words.

The grim predictions of climate change envisage a sweltering future where rising seas swallow the land – but in Earth's ancient past, receding waters may have triggered a different kind of hell.
A monumental drying out that took place more than 5 million years ago caused the Mediterranean Sea to literally evaporate – and scientists now think this could have inadvertently spurred an excess of volcanic activity in the region.
This episode – known as the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) or the Messinian Event – occurred sometime between 5.96 to 5.33 million years ago, when the Mediterranean Sea became cut off from the Atlantic Ocean.
Without a fresh, replenishing supply of water, the Mediterranean underwent a massive desiccation, resulting in the entire basin virtually emptying in the space of a thousand years.
According to a team led by researchers from the University of Geneva (UNIGE) in Switzerland, this mass exodus of water wouldn't have gone undetected by volcanic regions located around and underneath the Mediterranean.
"We understand that what happens at the Earth's surface, such as a sudden sea level lowering, causes the pressure to change at depth and has an effect on magma production," says one of the UNIGE researchers, structural geologist Pietro Sternai.
During the Messinian Salinity Crisis, the team suggests there were approximately 13 volcanic eruptions around the Mediterranean basin, based off evidence of crystallised minerals from cooled magma.
This level of volcanic activity is more than twice the average activity that would be expected in the region during the time period, the researchers say, and they think they have an explanation for the surge.
"The single logical explanation is the hypothesis that the sea dried out, since this is the only event powerful enough to alter the Earth's pressure and magmatic production over the entire Mediterranean," says Sternai.
That's because, with so much less water occupying the Mediterranean basin, the pressure on the surrounding land would have significantly decreased – resulting in a phenomenon called lithospheric unloading, in response to the lightening.
The effect of so much weight being lifted would have caused the Earth's crust to flex, which could have spurred magma production in less pressurised volcanic chambers – according to the team's modelling.
"The simulations showed that the only way to account for the proven increase in volcanic activity was that the level (and thus the weight) of the Mediterranean Sea dropped by about 2 kilometres (1.2 miles)," says Sternai.
Such an intense hollowing out would have completely redrawn the contours of the Mediterranean coastline, as you can see in the illustration below.
The red circles represent volcanic regions in the surrounding terrain, and the size of the red circles highlights the comparative extent that magma production is estimated to have been affected the effects of dessication.
It's a remarkable hypothesis, but not one without precedent.
While we usually think about how volcanoes can influence climate change, scientists say the reverse is also possible, when monumental environmental shifts caused by changes in temperature make the Earth's crust bend.
When this happens, magma can end up being squeezed out of the chambers it's contained in, "like toothpaste out of a tube" as geophysicist Steve McNutt of the University of South Florida once put it.
If Sternai and his colleagues are right, such a variation is what roused otherwise dormant volcanoes on Earth millions of years ago to spew their fiery destruction – yet another salient reminder that we humans should never underestimate the sweeping, unforeseen effects of changes in our climate.


Question: Have you heard about the movie 'Foxtrot'?

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 Have you heard about the movie 'Foxtrot'?

Israel's culture minister breathed a sigh of relief on Tuesday that her country's contender had failed to land an Oscar nomination for best foreign language film - despite not having watched the movie.
"Foxtrot" tells the fictional story of an army checkpoint where bored Israeli troops shoot Arab passers-by after mistaking a soda can for a weapon, and then cover up the incident.
It became Israel's Oscar submission after sweeping its national cinema awards, but the right-wing minister, Miri Regev, had called it anti-Israel.
On Tuesday, after the nominations were announced, she told Army Radio that they had "saved us from bitter disappointment and a false presentation of the Israel Defense Forces internationally", while adding that she had not seen the movie.
Her previous criticism had prompted Israel's Film and Television Academy to disinvite her from its annual prize ceremony in September, to which she responded with a threat to cut the academy's government funding.
"Foxtrot" also won the Silver Lion grand jury prize at the Venice Film Festival in September. After accepting the award, writer-director Samuel Maoz said: "If I criticise the place I live, I do it because I worry. I do it because I want to protect it. I do it from love."


Question: What have the European Commission recently decided about farm animals?

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 What have the European Commission recently decided about farm animals?

The College of Commissioners has today decided to register a European Citizens' Initiative entitled 'End the Cage Age'.
The stated objectives of the proposed Citizens' Initiative are to end "inhumane treatment of farm animals" kept in cages. The organisers are asking the Commission to propose legislation to prohibit the use of: cages for laying hens, rabbits, pullets, broiler breeders, layer breeders, quail, ducks and geese; farrowing crates for sows; sow stalls and individual calf pens, where not already prohibited.


Question: Provide an update on the release of the fifth Indiana Jones movie.

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 Provide an update on the release of the fifth Indiana Jones movie.

The fifth Indiana Jones directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford has been pushed back by months, perhaps even a year. Spielberg is in pre-production on a West Side Story remake and is also looking to direct Mark Rylance in the historical drama The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. Also, Indiana Jones 5 screenwriter Jonathan Kasdan has yet to sign his deal, but reportedly will do so to give the pic a polish after David Koepp’s first draft. Indiana Jones will now miss its July 10, 2020 release date. Through four movies, the Indiana Jones franchise has racked up close to $2 billion worldwide. Variety had the news.


Question: Who is Samuel Adams Drake? Respond in 1 sentences.

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 Who is Samuel Adams Drake? Respond in 1 sentences.

Samuel Adams Drake (December 20, 1833, BostonDecember 4, 1905, Kennebunkport, Maine) was a United States journalist and writer.


Question: Explain what GoldSrc is.

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 Explain what GoldSrc is.

GoldSrc ("gold source") is a game engine developed by Valve, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter game "Half-Life". Elements of GoldSrc are based on a heavily modified version of id Software's "Quake" engine. Following "Half-Life" release, the engine powered future titles developed by or with oversight from Valve, including "Half-Life" expansions, "Day of Defeat", and multiple titles in the "Counter-Strike" series.


Question: What is Venture?

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 What is Venture?

Venture is a 1981 fantasy-themed arcade game by Exidy. It was released as a launch title for the ColecoVision in 1982, then later ported to the Atari 2600 and Intellivision. The goal of "Venture" is to collect treasure from a dungeon as a round smiley-face named Winky.


Question: What is the location of Chrząstowo? Respond briefly.

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 What is the location of Chrząstowo? Respond briefly.

Chrząstowo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Książ Wielkopolski, within Śrem County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Książ Wielkopolski, east of Śrem, and south of the regional capital Poznań.