Question: How come when it is extra bright outside, having one eye open makes seeing “doable” while having both open is uncomfortable?

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 How come when it is extra bright outside, having one eye open makes seeing “doable” while having both open is uncomfortable?

You have a blink reflex when exposed to bright light. Ideally, you're exposed to a light that's too bright and you squint or close your eyes to prevent any damage. You might ask, "Surely only closing one eye shouldn't help, since the open eye could still be damaged, right?" And you'd be absolutely correct. This is a glitch of the human nervous system. Essentially, this glitch occurs because your brain registers bright light by adding together the amount of light received in both eyes. If one eye is closed, that eye is receiving the same amount of light, but the brain is only registering half of the original amount. Fun fact, some people (Ze Frank is a notable example) don't have this glitch. You can (but don't, it's not good for your eyes) test this by shining a light in one of your eyes, blocking the light from getting to the other eye, and watching to see if your non-lit pupil constricts. Normal people's pupils will both constrict if one eye is exposed to bright light. In the case of Ze Frank and others, only the pupil receiving the light will constrict.


Question: In the early twentieth century smoking and drinking during pregnancy was fairly common. Now it is heavily emphasized that these practices are terrible for prenatal health, although babies were born normally for years despite these practices. How were so many babies born without birth defects?

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 In the early twentieth century smoking and drinking during pregnancy was fairly common. Now it is heavily emphasized that these practices are terrible for prenatal health, although babies were born normally for years despite these practices. How were so many babies born without birth defects?

Because they weren't born all that normally. And a lot of kids died very young. Looking at the statistics, back in the 1930s, per 1000 births, 80 kids died before being one year old. These days that is 6.5 per 1000 (and the USA is at the high end with that number). And seeing as disabilities were not as accepted and heavily disabled children were often hidden away and not talked about, it is easy to get the impression they just weren't around.


Question: Why do people sometimes get runny noses when they eat?

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 Why do people sometimes get runny noses when they eat?

It's called 'gustatory rhinorrhea' - in some cases a reaction to spicy foods which are an irritant; in other cases, like if your nose runs no matter what you're eating, its a mistaken stimulation of the nerves running to your nose that create mucous - the nerves that control saliva flow upon thinking about eating, or eating, or smelling food smells. The mouth glands are normally stimulated into producing saliva, but in these cases, your nose gets involved by mistake also.


Question: Why do people talk backwards sometimes? Swapping the first letters of a two word phrase or name. Ex: Brain Damage= Dain Bramage. Butterfly= Flutterby

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 Why do people talk backwards sometimes? Swapping the first letters of a two word phrase or name. Ex: Brain Damage= Dain Bramage. Butterfly= Flutterby

When it is not intentional it is a type of Literal Paraphasia. There are several types of paraphasias but this type of letter switching can be one. It can happen to a normal healthy person on rare occasions just like word dropping, meaning we cannot think of the next word of a sentence and it is 'just on the tip of the tongue'. But if it occurs frequently it can be the symptom of a neurological problem like a stroke or turmor, or induced by brain trauma.


Question: How do amateurs keep long exposure astonomy shots from blurring?

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 How do amateurs keep long exposure astonomy shots from blurring?

A ten-hour single exposure is difficult, requiring good equipment and experience. These days you can “stack” a series of shorter exposures in software to reach the same total exposure time. This has the advantage of being able to throw away bad exposures so a single adverse event doesn’t ruin everything. The software can also align all the shots, effectively correcting for any long-term drift in the tracking system.


Question: How do they fit 6.9 billion transistors on a 7 nanometer chip? Additionally, how do they connect them up correctly?

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 How do they fit 6.9 billion transistors on a 7 nanometer chip? Additionally, how do they connect them up correctly?

7 nanometer technology refers to the smallest feature they can make. As for how they can be made they are produced through a process called lithography. Individual layers are made and projected onto the material with light, interacting with chemicals to either stay put or wash away to mask areas so other material can be deposited. Think about making art on a wall by masking things off with tape or paper, then rolling or spraying paint on the wall to stick wherever isn't covered. Then you take it off and repeat again many times to make complex pictures. With chips they can actually be 3D structures as each pass lays down a tiny layer of metal or other material.


Question: Why are there only 10 digits?

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 Why are there only 10 digits?

The decimal system, which uses ten digits, is only one of several number systems that have been invented, so it's not accurate to say "there are only ten digits". Binary (2 digits), octal (8 digits) and hexadecimal (16 digits) are commonly used in computer programming. It's likely that decimal is the system most commonly used throughout the world because we have ten fingers, like you said. I'm not sure what you mean about the number zero being invented to differentiate from Arabic numerals - Arabic numerals are the symbols we *do* use (1234567890).


Question: how is a wildfire's containment percentage determined?

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 how is a wildfire's containment percentage determined?

Let's say the circumference of a fire is 10,000 feet long. At 31% containment, that means they have secured line around 3,100 feet of that fire. Wildland fires are contained by denying fuel for the fire to grow. That means that they literally dig down to the soil, clearing the ground around a fire of anything that could possibly be burned. When the fire reaches that containment line, it has nothing to burn so it doesn't spread. So when a fire is X% contained, that means that X% of the perimeter has containment lines of a quality high enough to prevent the fire from growing in that direction.


Question: My science teacher said, in physics 5x5=30 but in traditional mathematics 5x5=25. However in physics 5.0x5.0=25. why?

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 My science teacher said, in physics 5x5=30 but in traditional mathematics 5x5=25. However in physics 5.0x5.0=25. why?

Your teacher is talking about something called "significant figures". Significant figures talk about precision or accuracy in a measurement. Imagine measuring the length of an object with a ruler. This type of measurement isn't necessarily precise, right? You might measure something out to be 4.9 millimeters but your friend might guess it's closer to 5.0 When you say something is "5" centimeters, you're saying it is 5 whole centimeters but aren't talking about how many 10ths of a centimeter it is past those 5. The notation "5.0" says something like, "we're certain it is 5 centimeters and 0 whole tenths of a centimeter". Carrying it out further, "5.01" would be, "5 whole centimeters, 0 tenths of a centimeter and 1 hundredth of a centimeter". Now this is where 5.0x5.0 and 5x5 give different answers. You want to use the *least precise* number when doing calculations. The number 5 has one significant figure. When you multiply two numbers with one significant figure together, your result should be written with one significant figure. Basically, if you're doing a calculation, your answer can't suddenly be more precise than the measurements going into that calculation if that makes sense. Therefore, that answer is 30. There are a lot of rules for when a digit is considered significant or insignificant. You can read a lot more about it [here]( URL_0 ) 25 as an answer would say it's "two whole 10 units and 5 whole single units". The number "30" just says it's "three whole 10 units and we can't be exact about how many single units it is". Hopefully that starts to explain it.


Question: How do Rubik's Cube speed records work if the starting cube can have so many different variations?

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 How do Rubik's Cube speed records work if the starting cube can have so many different variations?

When you scramble a Rubik's cube, you're never more than 17 or 19 moves away from a solution(I don't remember the exact number, but it's around there). In practice, this isn't how speed cubers work, but the principle is similar. Speed cubers have different processes and memorized patterns of moves to get solve the Rubik's cube. Step one might be get all the edge pieces for one side solved, then solve the corners for that one side, and so on. These moves take about the same amount of time no matter how scrambled the cube is. The only time there is any variance is when solving one step also accidentally solves part of the next step.


Question: How does a Roth IRA work?

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 How does a Roth IRA work?

Basically it's a normal account, but you are exempt from capital gains, interest, and other taxes within the account (provided it stays there until you retire). This is in contrast to a traditional IRA where you are exempt from income tax on any money your put in, but then owe income tax on the money you take out when retired. Both types of IRAs have various contribution limits and requirements that force you to keep the money in the account until you retire. The benefit for both types if you owe less taxes overall by using an IRA (you don't get taxed for saving money). A traditional IRA is better if you pay more in taxes today than you pay when you retire (most people expect to go on SS [untaxed] and take a pay cut, so most people expect a low tax rate). A Roth IRA is better if you pay more taxes in retirement than you do when you're retired (typical if you're currently an intern and expect your pay to quadruple over the next 10 years, in that case a retirement pay cut is still more than you make now).


Question: What exactly have Man City done and haven’t Real/Barca/PSG been doing this for years?

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 What exactly have Man City done and haven’t Real/Barca/PSG been doing this for years?

The biggest thing is their parent company (essentially the royal family of Abu Dhabi) also owns some of their sponsors. The rules state there's a specific ratio of income to expenditures to be eligible to compete. Since the club and the sponsors are owned by the same people, the sponsors were paying heavily inflated sponsors fees as a way to inject cash into the club while looking like its coming from their sponsors. At its core, it's essentially money laundering to circumvent financial rules.


Question: Why are karats only up to 99% purity and not 100%?

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 Why are karats only up to 99% purity and not 100%?

You aren't able to remove every little bit of the various metals which are in a gold bar. By in large, no chemical process produces 100% purity. When they 'filter' out the different metals, some are left over due to random disorder in the system. The metal alloy slowly gives a higher content ratio of gold as others are processed out, but you can not say its 100% gold. Imagine you have a ball-pit with walls full of red, green, and yellow balls. This ball pit has a fan below it, and so the balls fly up and down, and hit the sides, hit each other and are just moving all over the place. You've found that the yellow balls have Velcro on them, so when you drop a large Velcro ball in there, they all bind to it. This large ball is easy to take out, because you've tied a string to it, and when you remove it, there is a lower amount of yellow balls than before. There are still yellow balls, but there is a lower amount. If you do this for every colour, you'll soon find you can't remove all of the balls, and so it is not worth your time. The second thing you notice is that the yellow balls add a preferred property to your metal; say they make it more colourful in the ball-pit. You would want to keep some to preserve this property, because it creates a better ball pit. For some alloys (metal mixtures), they do this as well, as things such as gold are very malleable, and an alloy can make it stronger. *This is not really what they're doing when purifying gold, but its a good relevant thing to note.


Question: Why is politics considered a sensitive topic to talk about?

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 Why is politics considered a sensitive topic to talk about?

Many people have very passionate opinions about political subjects. So bringing it up at a casual affair like a party or work lunch can get people upset and angry. If you believe that the people opposing your political views are literally getting people killed, a common belief these days, then it's hard to have a calm and reasonable discussion about it.


Question: How polygraph test detects a person lying? Is there any way to cheat the test?

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 How polygraph test detects a person lying? Is there any way to cheat the test?

Polygraph doesn’t detect lies. They take find a baseline by asking you normal questions to see how you react when they know you’re telling the truth (what’s your name?). Once they have a baseline, they ask harder and more dubious questions. They compare this to the baseline And determine whether you are nervous or not. Polygraph proves nothing. It’s pseudoscience.


Question: Why can't our inner voice shut up?

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 Why can't our inner voice shut up?

It can. Try mindfulness meditation. It takes a lot of practice but you can turn down the inner dialogue. This may or may not be called for in a given situation, but it's nice to have the choice if only for a few moments. As to why the inner voice always seems to be going by default, I am afraid I have no idea.


Question: Why does wind die down right before a storm hits?

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 Why does wind die down right before a storm hits?

To form and thrive, storms need warm, moist air that they suck in from their surrounding environment. This warm, humid air rises from the surface, cooling and condensing into water droplets which in turn become clouds. The rising warm air actually creates a partial vacuum with sucks colder, drier air from higher in the atmosphere towards the ground. This actually helps to push the rain towards the surface. With the more air being sucked in from all around the storms, the air moving away from the storm actually gets pulled back towards the storm creating calm ahead of it. [source]( URL_0 ) It doesn’t always happen but it is absolutely a real thing.


Question: Why does it seem that big things move slowly?

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</answer>
 Why does it seem that big things move slowly?

1. Some big things do move slowly. Elephants for example move a lot slower than humans normally do. 2.The main reason we perceive it that way is to do with angular velocity. We look at how much of an angle an object covers in a certain amount of time or better: We perceive how much of our field of view a moving object passes. With big things, you have to stand quite far away to see the whole thing, so at that point it will move by a far smaller angle than it would if you were standing right beside it. Idk if that's a good explanation, hope that helped


Question: how does it work with copyright laws when someone does a cover of a song and makes money off it?

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 how does it work with copyright laws when someone does a cover of a song and makes money off it?

There is a thing called a compulsory license. Once a song has been released publicly, anybody can cover it if they are willing to pay a fixed license fee. The fee is currently 9.1¢ per digital download. However, most record labels don't like the compulsory license system and would rather get paid directly. So you can use a site like URL_0 to clear the song and setup the payments.


Question: Why are court cases named (e.g. “Roe v. Wade”) instead of just given an alphanumeric code? Are all cases that go through courts given a name or just the famous ones? Is it the same practice in all countries?

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 Why are court cases named (e.g. “Roe v. Wade”) instead of just given an alphanumeric code? Are all cases that go through courts given a name or just the famous ones? Is it the same practice in all countries?

"Roe v. Wade" refers to *Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)*. The "full name" is "Jane Roe, et al. v. Henry Wade, District Attorney of Dallas County". US court cases are generally identified as "plaintiff versus defendant" (or, in criminal cases, e.g. "state versus accused"), but are also identified by numbers. In the above, 410 refers to volume 410 of the SCOTUS' collected cases, and Roe v. Wade is case 113 in that volume. Famous cases become known by the "short form" of *plaintiff vs. defendant*.


Question: Did prehistoric humans cut their nails?

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 Did prehistoric humans cut their nails?

Specific nail trimming implements do extend into ancient history, possibly prehistory. Beyond that, ancient peoples tended to have a lot of work with their hands, which would contribute to general wear on the nails themselves, and even relatively primitive tools (or even unmodified objects) would be capable of cutting or wearing down nails without too much difficulty.


Question: What causes alkaline batteries to leak when mixed with other types of batteries?

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 What causes alkaline batteries to leak when mixed with other types of batteries?

All batteries of the same size pretty much always put out the same voltage regardless of what they're made of, so I think it may be a case of the other batteries may leak and they just copy-pasted the same safety warning. Those cheap "Heavy Duty" batteries you see in dollar stores are I believe Carbon-Zinc or Zinc Chloride batteries, an older, cheaper battery technology that has a lower capacity, and, more importantly, leaks when it is fully discharged. If you mix alkaline cells with these cheaper ones, because their capacity is lower, they will deplete first, but because the alkaline batteries will still have power left, your TV remote might still work, but one of the batteries is rotting it's guts out and is a out to spray acid all over your lap because, of course, you lost the battery cover. Its most likely a warning because if you mix battend types, one type may start leaking when it dies, but you won't be warned by all the batteries running down.


Question: Why does Facebook seem to be overrun with still images as videos lately?

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 Why does Facebook seem to be overrun with still images as videos lately?

Facebook Slideshow - it is a feature they released last year. Facebook wants you to share more stuff on Facebook - so it's rolling out a new feature designed to do just that. The social network thinks video is the answer to all its woes. According to The Information, Facebook has experienced a decline in original, personal sharing (it's down 21 per cent year over year as of mid-2015), but Live Video and video seem to be helping. People are no longer keen to post text statuses about what's going on in their lives, but they will post stories full of videos and pics to their Snapchats, for instance. Facebook isn't Snapchat, though. Users aren't limited to 10-second clips they can overlay with doodles, text, filters, etc. But they can post 20-minute videos and boring, static photos to albums. While Facebook Live is slowly adding some Snapchat-like features, the social network still has to make the process of posting videos and pics much more fun not only for users but also for people looking at this stuff in their feeds. That's why Facebook is now pushing an automatic movie-maker feature called Slideshow. It's similar to the new Memories feature coming to iOS 10's Photos app, and it's also a lot like the Movies Assistant feature in Google Photos. Slideshow, which originally launched in August as part of Facebook's photo-sharing app Moments, basically takes your recent videos and pics and spices them up a bit. You don't need to download an entirely new app to use Slideshow. The Facebook app will sync with your phone's libraries and is able to detect when you've taken five or more videos/pics in the last 24 hours. Facebook will then gather the media into a slideshow and create a preview of it at the top of your News Feed. You can ignore it or post it. The choice is yours. You can even customise it. The idea is you can now jazz up your lame videos and pics and turn them into something worth sharing (and watching). __________________________________________________________________________________________________ [Source]( URL_0 )


Question: Why does a harmonic series diverge while the sequence converges?

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 Why does a harmonic series diverge while the sequence converges?

The clearest way to see this is with a comparison test. The harmonic series is 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/5 + ... Now consider the sum: 1 + 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/4 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/16 + ... + 1/32 + ... + 1/64 + ... This sum is clearly smaller than the harmonic series. But you can group the terms of this sum as 1 + (1/2) + (1/4 + 1/4) + (1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8 + 1/8) + (1/16 + ... + 1/16) + (1/32 + ... + 1/32) + ... which equals to 1 + (1/2) + (1/2) + (1/2) + ... This is an arithmetic series which always diverges, but is less than the harmonic series at the same time, so the harmonic series must also be divergent.


Question: Why is the solar system always illustrated co-planar and all. Like since the Sun is spherical isn't it logical that some planets might revolve sun in plane perpendicular to what earth revolves? Why is the northen hemisphere always represented on top? There is no Top and bottom in the space.

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 Why is the solar system always illustrated co-planar and all. Like since the Sun is spherical isn't it logical that some planets might revolve sun in plane perpendicular to what earth revolves? Why is the northen hemisphere always represented on top? There is no Top and bottom in the space.

If you live in the southern hemisphere, you're more likely to see maps with south at the top. As for why it's coplanar, lets say you start with a bunch of dust, each particle moving randomly. as it coalesces into larger bodies, angular momentum is conserved, so if your starting cloud was on average orbiting counterclockwise when looking down on the north pole, the whole system will end up like that as the particles that started north of the plane will collide with and cancel out the particles that started south of it. If you look at other solar systems and galaxies, they don't orbit in the same plane as our solar system.


Question: If valence electrons determine how an atom reacts to the atoms around it, why do different atoms with the same number of valence electrons not act the same?

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 If valence electrons determine how an atom reacts to the atoms around it, why do different atoms with the same number of valence electrons not act the same?

I assume that you’re thinking about elements like Fluorine and Chlorine - if they each have seven valence electrons ordinarily, why aren’t they exactly the same? Well they’re both very reactive and will form compounds with many of the same elements, but the reason that they aren’t exactly the same in terms of reactivity and properties is more subtle and it’s helpful to think of it as their size and shape. Chlorine, for example, has a whole electron “shell” more than fluorine. This means that electrons are hanging out a bit further away from the nucleus than for fluorine. This gives it a slightly different size and shape, and therefore changes the way that it interacts with the world. And the number of protons matters as well - imagine a Cl- ion with 8 valence electrons and an O(2-) ion with the exact same number of electrons. The Chlorine ion has one extra proton pulling on those electrons, changing the size and shape of the ion, meaning that the two will react and behave differently.


Question: How does housing in England work? What are flats vs semis vs houses? What is a "council" and how does that work?

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 How does housing in England work? What are flats vs semis vs houses? What is a "council" and how does that work?

Flats are usually single floored homes that are on top of each other, so numerous homes in one building. Semis are two houses joined together, then a space, for a drive etc, then two more houses A council is the local authority, providing local services eg bin collection, road surfacing, tax etc Council houses are houses for local people which are owned and rented out by the council at lower than market rate. There are also terraced houses which are rows of houses joined together, and detached houses which as the name suggests aren't connected to any others


Question: does organic material (aka food) help break down the non-organic material that end up in landfills? In other words, if a landfills were just non-organic material then would they take longer to decompose?

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 does organic material (aka food) help break down the non-organic material that end up in landfills? In other words, if a landfills were just non-organic material then would they take longer to decompose?

They don’t really interact. For all practical purposes, the inorganic stuff will never break down. It’ll stick around until the landfill is full and then be covered over. Hence the reason recycling and moving towards 100% reusable or biodegradable is so important. The only reason to put them in the same space is because it all has to go somewhere.


Question: If photons are massless, how can they have momentum?

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 If photons are massless, how can they have momentum?

The full version of E = mc^2 is: E^2 = (mc^2 )^2 + p^2 c^2 Where _p_ is momentum. Photons have no mass _m_ so the (mc^2 )^2 part of the equation becomes zero, but they still have energy/momentum. ELI5: the definition of momentum is different for photons, but they still carry energy and still impart that energy _in a specific direction_ when they hit something.


Question: If I choose a random number between 0 and 1, shouldn't the probability of choosing 1 number out of infinitely many be 0 and in turn prevent me from choosing any single one of them?

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 If I choose a random number between 0 and 1, shouldn't the probability of choosing 1 number out of infinitely many be 0 and in turn prevent me from choosing any single one of them?

The probability of getting any particular number is probability 0, but that doesn't mean it's impossible. The reason for this is that we're dealing with a continuous set of numbers, not a discrete set, and the rules for dealing with probability are different here. In this context, we don't ask 'what is the probability that x is precisely 0.45', because it's 0. Instead, for example, we look for the probability that 0.44 < x < 0.46. We deal with probability densities over a range, not of discrete numbers. It is a bit weird that you can have a range of numbers where each individual number has a probability 0, but the range as a whole does not. But that is the case. Using probability densities is more sidestepping the problem than it is solving it, but it's the practical solution. If you want to know more, 3blue1brown did a very good video on probability densities [here]( URL_0 ) Another thing to keep in mind is the difference between asking about the probability of x being _precisely_ 0.45, rather than being 0.45 to an accuracy of 3 significant figures. 0.450001 isn't precisely 0.45, but if you only care about the accuracy to three significant figures, that doesn't matter to you. So you could write this as the probability of 0.445 < x < 0.4549, and still get a meaningful answer


Question: How come when you film a computer or TV screen it appears to have black bars running through it that you never normally see?

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 How come when you film a computer or TV screen it appears to have black bars running through it that you never normally see?

Simplest explanation is because of the way old monitors/TVs display their image at a slow frame rate and how the camera is recording at a different frame rate. During playback they’re out of sync so you start to see partial scans on the display. Kinda like how a fast spinning wheel can look like it’s spinning backwards.


Question: when someone dies, what happens to their debt? Does it go to their executor to be paid off with money from selling their estate? What happens if there is more debt than money in the estate?

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 when someone dies, what happens to their debt? Does it go to their executor to be paid off with money from selling their estate? What happens if there is more debt than money in the estate?

When someone dies, all of their assets and debts become part of their estate. The executor of the estate then pays off all of the debts using the estate assets (selling assets if/as required). Once all of the debts are paid, the remaining assets are then given to the beneficiaries of the estate (either through the will or applicable laws). If debts are greater than assets, the debts are paid to the extent possible and then are discharged (e.g. negated) once the assets run out.


Question: how are lava lamps used to model random behavior for computers?

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 how are lava lamps used to model random behavior for computers?

Computers are deterministic machines. Given the same input, they will always produce the same output. One simple way around this is a "random number generator" that starts with one number (the "seed"), then performs a bunch of mathematical operations on it to get a new number. You can then chain this process together to create a lot of "random" numbers. To someone who doesn't know exactly what mathematical operations are used by the random number generator, all of these numbers appear to be completely unrelated to each other. This is fine for something like video games or statistical simulations. However, it's usually not good enough for cryptography, where you assume a very smart person is always trying to crack your code. That smart person, if they saw all the random numbers you generated, could probably figure out how your generator worked and start being able to guess the next number it will generate. (People who are *really* into video games have figured out how to do this too). To foil them, you need to include a source of randomness from the real world. In theory, you could use lots of different things for this, but a classic example is lava lamps. All you need is a lava lamp and a camera that watches the lava lamps. The camera checks for various things (bubble speed and position, etc.) and sends that information back to the computer, which uses them as random numbers. It's not important that the camera be all that precise. In fact, you get even more "randomness" if it's not that precise. Insofar as someone actually wanted to use a lava lamp in cryptography, however, they wouldn't tell you exactly what the camera is looking for. That would defeat the purpose.


Question: What is a musical “key” and what does it mean to change the key of a song or play it in a different key?

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</answer>
 What is a musical “key” and what does it mean to change the key of a song or play it in a different key?

A Key is the root note in the major 7 note scale. In the key of C the notes in that scale are simply: C D E F G A B. If you change key to D, the scale is not simply D E F G A B C because a major scale is defined by how many steps between each note. The key of D would scale as: D E F# G A B C# All Major scales follow the same pattern: W W H W W W H (whole, whole, half, whole, whole, whole, half). It's easier to visualize this on the keys to a piano, each key (white and black) is a half step above the previous. Pick any note on the piano, and to play that note's major scale, you'd follow the pattern above. Because of how we hear and interpret music, it matters less what the absolute values of the frequencies of each note is, but more that the intervals between them are maintained, in order for us to recognize a particular melody. If someone sings "Happy Birthday" in the key of G, or C, or D#, we can recognize it just as easily. So singers and musicians may play or sing a song in a different key if it's easier to do so. For example, a singer with a lower ranged voice might want to drop a song to a lower key in order to sing it without straining.


Question: How can humans be allergic to eggs, but not chicken?

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 How can humans be allergic to eggs, but not chicken?

Hi there! So, the proteins and substances in chicken meat and eggs are different. Your friend may be allergic to either the albumin (the white of the egg) or something inside the yolk. None of these substances are in the meat itself. It’s mainly actin and myosin (muscle fibers). Yes they come from eggs, but they’re made of completely different material once the chicken is grown. P.s I’m allergic to chicken dander but not chicken eggs or meat. It’s all about the specific substances.


Question: When lighting hits the ocean, does it kill the fish in that area? If not, why?

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 When lighting hits the ocean, does it kill the fish in that area? If not, why?

Salt water conducts electricity very well, and generally better than living animals. Electricity follows the path of least resistance, so unless a fish is really close to the strike, most of the electricity flows through the water and disperses very quickly, and animals don't take much of the charge, because the resistance is higher through the body. Most of the energy is scattered across the surface of the water as well, as things that conduct electricity well usually have this characteristic.


Question: If store brand medicines have the same ingredients and dosages as some of the higher end brands, how do the companies that charge almost triple the price remain profitable?

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 If store brand medicines have the same ingredients and dosages as some of the higher end brands, how do the companies that charge almost triple the price remain profitable?

They have to have the same pharmaceutical incredients and dosages. They don't necessarily have the same other components like binders, fast-dissolving tablets for quick action, coatings to prevent stomach irritation etc. Not saying they don't charge a lot for the brand name though. They're not going to pay for TV ads and other marketing from a couple of cents/pence per tablet that generic aspirin goes for.


Question: What exactly is REALLY going on in the American political scene right now?

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 What exactly is REALLY going on in the American political scene right now?

We have a controversial president. He didn't win the popular vote but because he won the right states to win, he beat his opponent. Some argue that he's crass, sexist, and racist and doesn't know what he's doing. Some argue that he's incredibly smart. Some argue that he won because of Russian hacking. Some argue that he has secret ties with Russia that dictate his actions. Some argue that the Russian story is made up by his opponents.


Question: How does splitting an atom harness so much power?

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 How does splitting an atom harness so much power?

This question was answered on this sub in 2014. Here is a link explaining it. Basically splitting one atom only results in a little bit of energy, the objective is to split many of them very very fast. Link here to archived post. Hopefully it won't get removed by bots or pedantic mods. URL_0


Question: How does a GPU differ from a CPU?

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 How does a GPU differ from a CPU?

specializaton. Chips have hardware in them that perform various tasks. CPUs have to be very general because they need to be able to do everything. With a GPU, you know what tasks you're going to do frequently and you can design hardware to do it. So a GPU might require less instructions for the same tasks. Additionally, GPUs have a LOT more cores than a CPU (my CPU has 4 while my GPU has 1664). A GPU can split the screen up into a bunch of tiny chunks and work on each task independantly. You can typically do this to some extent with CPUs but typically not as much. Doing this allows you to have slower cores while still completing tasks faster.


Question: what are batteries made of?

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 what are batteries made of?

Two different types of metal, and a liquid between the two. The exact materials differ depending on the type of battery. In your standard Alkaline battery, you typically see Magnanese dioxide on one end and zinc on the other, with an alkaline (that is, opposite of acidic on the pH scale) solution in the middle (this can vary, but the standard at least used to be potassium hydroxide); The liquid is sometimes also called "battery acid" which in the case of these batteries is a bit incorrect (but there are batteries which do use an acid), but still apt with the non-scientific definition that a lot of people know of "a liquid that harms your skin on contact" or just a caustic chemical (which, strong acids or strong bases are going to be very caustic as a general rule)


Question: why is drinking our own blood bad for our health?

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 why is drinking our own blood bad for our health?

It is and it isn't. Fundamentally, there's nothing dangerous in healthy blood but you can't survive on blood alone. Especially not your own blood as there's some losses involved. Rather, the danger comes from unhealthy blood or things blood has picked up along the way. Germs are the biggest threat here as blood is a near perfect environment for things to grow. There's also the risk that the person giving the blood was sick but didn't know it. Also, drinking blood has cannibalistic implications and society tends to break down when we see each other as a source of food.


Question: Could scientist be able to stop time in a single contained space?

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 Could scientist be able to stop time in a single contained space?

Not with our current understanding of physics. For something to appear frozen in time from an outside perspective, that thing would need to be travelling at the speed of light. Since our current understanding of physics is that nothing with mass can reach the speed of light, we can't ever get anything other than light itself to "freeze" in time. However, if we can get things moving at a significant fraction of the speed of light, it would appear from an outside perspective to be moving slower in time. However, making a box in which the contents are moving at relativistic speed but the box itself is not would be a significant technological challenge if it is even possible.


Question: How come movies and TV shows don't film at actual locations? Why do they use different locations and make it look like the intended location?

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 How come movies and TV shows don't film at actual locations? Why do they use different locations and make it look like the intended location?

Money and convenience. It's much cheaper to build a set that looks like a snowy tundra than to actually fly out cast, crew, etc. to a *real* snowy tundra. Not to mention that then you'd have to deal with the weather. And your cast and crew would not be so happy about spending months away from their families. And this goes for just about everything. Say you have a show that takes place in one city. It's cheap and easy to get a few exterior shots of the city, buildings, etc. and then when it's time to actually film, do it from a studio in LA.


Question: How exactly is recycling good for the environment when it almost always requires a source of fuel to break down and re-purpose the materials(in turn creating more air pollution and also requires the excavation of more fossil fuel)?

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 How exactly is recycling good for the environment when it almost always requires a source of fuel to break down and re-purpose the materials(in turn creating more air pollution and also requires the excavation of more fossil fuel)?

It is less harmful than excavating new material deposits, by far. It's also the fact that if you just throw it out, it has to go to a landfill, which uses up land and can take hundreds of years to even start to decay (if it ever really does - look at the Pacific Garbage Patch). In order of benefit to the environment, Reduce > Reuse > Recycle. Reducing means you need less to begin with, and thus don't even add any pollution from the start. Reusing something means you only need to create pollution once - when it's first made. Recycling means you create pollution more than once, but it's less than if you just went out and bought more unrecycled material to begin with.


Question: If recessions are a normal part of the business cycle/economy, why are governments not prepared for them?

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 If recessions are a normal part of the business cycle/economy, why are governments not prepared for them?

Some governments do prepare. They maintain large sovereign wealth funds that help smooth out the effect of the bang and bust cycle on government revenues. This is especially helpful (and most prevalent) in countries that depend heavily on a single resource (like oil or gas) for revenue. In most countries though saving money is politically very difficult. It is always popular to spend money on the things voters want, and many politicians are willing to spend lavishly in the hopes it buys them a safe seat.


Question: The geometric "what comes next?" type of questions on IQ tests.

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 The geometric "what comes next?" type of questions on IQ tests.

It's all about recognizing patterns, which is a crucial part of learning ability and thus IQ. Since you asked for a stream of consciousness on a solution, lets look at the first link for an example. I look for a pattern, the first thing I focus on (on a whim) is the circle in the middle of each image. I see that in the top two rows, one each is white, split vertically and split horizontally. This leads me to believe the answer could be (d). To verify my answer, I check to see what is up with the arrows surrounding the circles. I start with color and notice that in the top two rows one set of arrows is white, the other two mixed. Since (d) is mixed and we already have one white and one mixed set, this supports my answer. Looking at the positions, there are three options - let's call them \, / and ^ for brevity. The top two rows have one of each and the bottom one has / and ^. Solution (d) has \, which again confirms the pattern. The faster you can find patterns like this, the faster you will also be able to find existing patterns in everyday life.


Question: Why does exercise build stamina?

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 Why does exercise build stamina?

Stressing a muscle tears it down. Given the right nutrients and some rest, it will be repaired, and will be built up to better withstand that stress next time. Why should that be? Consider that not every animal may have that biological feedback loop to improve, or that there are varying degrees at which that happens. The greater the ability to improve, the greater the ability to survive and pass that ability on to offspring. That's evolution.