Question: Why do a good portion of severely autistic people hit themselves?

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 Why do a good portion of severely autistic people hit themselves?

There are **many reasons** why a severely autistic person might self - injure. Here are a few from URL_0 * biochemical reasons: self injury releases chemicals in the brain that cause the autistic person to feel pleasure (they might also numb the pain inflicted). This is usually due to a chemical imbalance in the brain. * seizures: involuntary actions caused by seizures. * genetic: some genetic disorders cause self injury because of structural or biochemical problems in the brain. * arousal: self injury may increase or decrease one's arousal. Low levels of arousal > self injury > increased levels of arousal (due to chemical response in the brain). An extreme way to self stimulate. High levels of arousal > self injury > decreased levels of arousal (almost like a calming response). Highly stimulating environments can cause this reaction because the self injury could be caused by the stress or anxiety created by the environment. * frustration: it is hard for some people with extreme autism to always understand what is going on around them, communicate their feelings, or understand what others are trying to communicate with them. They may begin to self harm from frustration. One person described that they self harm because they get frustrated and they need to hit something, but they don't want to hit other people. So they hit themselves. * social attention: if self injury becomes enforced by the caretakers, it might become a way for the person to gain attention. For example, if a mother runs to her child every time he starts to self injure, the child learns through positive enforcement that he will get attention from her if he self harms. If she ignores the behavior, then he will learn that self harm does nothing to get others to pay attention to him (and it also hurts!) so he will likely stop. If you'd like to read about other scenarios, here is the source: https://www. URL_0 /symptoms_self-injury


Question: Why is investing not seen as the same way as it is gambling?

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 Why is investing not seen as the same way as it is gambling?

Investing is gambling, but a type of gambling with favourable odds. Unless a company goes bankrupt, their stock will trend upwards over the years. It may not go up this year, or in the next ten years, but over the course of a lifetime, it will probably go up. Investment isn't normally called gambling because gambling is a term often reserved for betting on improbable things. In casino, for example, every game has unfavourable odds, so people call that gambling. It is the same with other things in life. Education could be called a gamble because after getting a degree, there is a chance that you will not get a job. However, unless you get unlucky, you will probably find a way to make money from you degree. This is why education is seen as an investment, not a gamble.


Question: Why is it hard to make a fist or clench your hands after waking up?

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 Why is it hard to make a fist or clench your hands after waking up?

Your body goes paralyzed (atonia) when you're sleeping, basically to prevent you from punching a wall when you reach for a cup in your dreams. You also decrease blood flow to your extremities when sleeping, decreasing the available energy to them. It takes a little while to get the nerves to send full signals to the body after sleeping. They don't know exactly what the mechanism is that causes it though.


Question: Why does memory in computers increase in integers of 2?

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 Why does memory in computers increase in integers of 2?

It doesn't have to, but there're good practical reasons that it usually does. In order to use memory in a computer program, you have to refer to it through an *address*. Addresses are just numbers, ranging from 0 up to the number of "slots" in memory, that tell you were to store or find pieces of information. Addresses, in turn, *also* have to be stored, and like other information in a computer, they're stored in binary. Depending on how much space a computer sets aside for addresses, you can store a different total number of them. For example, a computer with addresses that are 3 binary digits long can store 8 addresses: 000, 001, 010, 011, 100, 101, 110, and 111 (that's all the options possible in 3 symbols!). A computer with addresses that are 4 binary digits long can store 16 addresses, one with addresses 5 binary digits long can store 32, and so on. You could, in principle, have 5 different addresses, stored as 000, 001, 010, 011, and 100, and just ignore the options 101, 110, and 111. But there's no good reason to do so, since you're setting aside that much space anyway, so they're generally manufactured in powers of 2 (so that all the options for addresses are used). In your specific case, "1 GB" is probably not exactly 1 billion bytes (that's not a power of 2), but instead 1,073,741,824 bytes (which is - it's 2^(30)). (By the way, this is why computers changed from the 32-bit computers you probably used as a kid to the 64-bit computers we use now. The "X-bit" number refers to the length of the commands executed by the processor, of which the memory address takes up some subset. 32 bits, as it happens, is enough to address about 4 GB, so a 32-bit computer can use at most that much memory (and in practice, slightly less). But in modern computers, we want to use more than that, so we need longer addresses. We could, in principle, have just gone to 33, 34, etc, but instead everyone just made the simultaneous jump to 64, which can address more memory than any computer is likely to have in the foreseeable future.)


Question: Why is hot weather so exhausting?

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 Why is hot weather so exhausting?

Like water flowing downhill, heat naturally moves from warm areas to cooler ones. As long as the air around you is cooler than your body, you radiate heat to the air. But this transfer stops when the air temperature approaches body temperature. Radiation requires rerouting blood flow so more of it goes to the skin. This makes the heart beat faster and pump harder. On a hot day, it may circulate two to four times as much blood each minute as it does on a cool day.


Question: What does a beers Gravity mean?

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 What does a beers Gravity mean?

The term is "specific gravity", it's a measure of density relative to water (which has an SG of 1.000). The initial wort might have a SG of 1.050, other tools might read out Plato units (12˚P) for the same wort, this is the same brix scale used for wine grapes. What you hope is that fermentation will turn some of this sugar into alcohol. By measuring the SG at the end, you can computer how much alcohol was added into the beer.


Question: - Why does it sometimes become colder in the morning just as the sun comes up?

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 - Why does it sometimes become colder in the morning just as the sun comes up?

The earth is always losing heat to space, right? So throughout the night it gets colder. The first second the suns shines on the surface it will deliver just a bit of energy, not enough to compensate for the loss, so it will continue cooling, slower, until the amount of energy given by the sun is equal to the energy lost to space. & #x200B; In my experience its about 0.5 to 1 hour after sunrise in the tropics, faster in the equator, slower in the poles. But of course there are winds, tides, and other effects that make everything more complicated, but that's mostly it.


Question: Can holding down the power button on your PC/laptop to switch it off actually damage it? If so, how?

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 Can holding down the power button on your PC/laptop to switch it off actually damage it? If so, how?

Can result in data loss, possible os/file corruption because you're forcing it to power off rather than a graceful shutdown. Files could be in the process of being written. But on the odd occasion if it's frozen, that's not really a big concern. But if you're doing it on a regular basis...shit it down properly. That's why that option is there.


Question: What exactly is the modern english haiku? Is it just any short evocative sentence?

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 What exactly is the modern english haiku? Is it just any short evocative sentence?

It's poetry, the most pretentious form of written word. The rules for a style can be extremely nebulous or hard to define, or even self-contradictory, and still be viewed as that style. The thing about Western Haiku is that it's missing a lot of the original values of the medium. It has none of the social context - a period of great artistic expansion and exploration as the result of a large upper class with nothing to do. It has none of the cultural purpose - poetry like this was almost a game of wit. And most importantly, it doesn't benefit from the Japanese language, which the style was originally created in. Japanese is quite a concise language when it wants to be. It can convey a lot of information in a small number of syllables. English is poor at this, so the 5-7-5 pattern heavily restricts the quality of English poetry. It also leads to a hell of a lot of Haiku getting translated in a way that loses the pattern, so eventually a lot of poets got fed up of the restrictions and just did the same content but ignoring the restrictions (the part that made it a game of wit in the first place) but still chose to call it haiku.


Question: How can we know there is an infinite number of prime numbers?

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 How can we know there is an infinite number of prime numbers?

I'll try to explain the proof fergunil wrote with more colloquial terms. Let's make a list of a bunch of prime numbers. Maybe it's all of them, maybe it isn't. Lets multiply all of those numbers together. We now have a number that obviously cannot be in our list. Let's then add 1 to this number. Now, when you add 1 to any number, the number you get will not share any factors in common with the other one (except 1 of course). So, this new number we made cannot have any of the prime numbers in our list as a factor. That means that this number is either prime itself or has prime factors that are themselves not on our list. So, we've proved that any finite list of prime numbers can be used to construct a number that is either a prime not in our list, or has a prime factor not in our list, we must conclude that there is no such thing as a finite list of "all" prime numbers, and thus there are infinitely many of them. Since for any particular prime number, there are a finite number of prime numbers smaller than it, then there can be no "largest" prime.


Question: When writing an amount of money, such as '£50' or '50p', why does the '£' come before the amount of money but the 'p' comes after?

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 When writing an amount of money, such as '£50' or '50p', why does the '£' come before the amount of money but the 'p' comes after?

It's a quick glance tactic to avoid mistakes. If there is not a 0 and a decimal written before the number, one might actually misread ¢50 as $50 or vice versa, so the ¢ was after the amount. This was more prevalent in days of handwritten books as the two symbols were really only one curved stroke apart from each other. However, the presence of the 0 and decimal point can work just fine in electronic spreadsheet modernization. $0.50 is much more largely considered acceptable today as it's usually a computer doing the calculations.


Question: What does it mean when a fluid (or anything really) goes “super-critical”?

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 What does it mean when a fluid (or anything really) goes “super-critical”?

You likely already understand that things transition from solid, liquid and then gas based on an increase of temperature. You might also understand that you can also sometimes transition things from gas to a liquid and sometimes a solid by an increase in pressure. Think how Nitrogen at room temp is a gas but if you compress it into a tank, it can be a liquid at the same temp. Now, there exists a range of high pressures and temperature values where its hot enough to be a gas but also compressed enough to be a liquid. When its in this state its not really a gas and not really a liquid and generally has properties between the two states. You could theoretically go super critical, but it would not be pleasant... or survivable.


Question: How is chicken noodle soup with real chicken in it shelf stable for so long?

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 How is chicken noodle soup with real chicken in it shelf stable for so long?

In the canning process, they basically seal and boil the can. This kills all of the bacteria inside the can and, because it's an air-tight seal, nothing can get in to make the food spoil. The way they seal is also usually similar to jarring, allowing the steam out as it boils; but, not back in. This also creates a slight negative pressure seal. That's why cans "pop" and hiss when you open them. Air rushing in to fill the can. This is why canned foods are *theoretically* indefinitely edible; but, most have a shelf life of a few years for safety. I have seen someone eat a like... Can of spam from the ninties and it looked like a can they could have bought the day before and I've also seen a canned ham from the eighties opened, but not eaten. No foul smells, seal was intact, the person wasn't willing to eat it. I don't blame them. As a disclaimer, don't do that. The dates are there for a reason, it's just an interesting tidbit. This is also why you never buy a bloated can and dented cans can be iffy. If the dent created even a small hole, it's compromised. If it's bloated, that means that there are bacteria inside the can. Bacteria produce gasses as they consume things and this gas is less dense that the solid matter it was once a part of and literally inflates the can. This isn't a perfect explanation; but, hopefully explains enough!


Question: What does "±" symbol mean?

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 What does "±" symbol mean?

It basically means "plus or minus". In this context, it looks like they're using it to mean "approximately" as in "give or take a couple years". Under more typical circumstances though, it would be used to indicate a range. For example, if it said 16±2 years, then it could mean anywhere between 14 and 18 years of education (ranging from 16-2 to 16+2 years). In sciences, the symbol is frequently used to express tolerance or statistical margins of error in measurements (i.e. indicating a range of possible values). In mathematics, it can indicate that a value may result from either an addition or subtraction operation, or that a given value can be either positive or negative.


Question: Does the size of a brain in any given species always determine intelligence?

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 Does the size of a brain in any given species always determine intelligence?

Intelligence has a direct correlation to the size of an animals brain when compared to the size of the animal. For instance, we humans have very large brains for our bodies. That means that we have extra processing power beyond what is required for basic motor function. Many birds also have large brains. They can solve problems and simple box puzzles to get food. Dogs on the other hand have proportionally smaller brains than birds or humans. They can recognize commands that they are taught through repetition, but typically cannot solve problems on their own.


Question: What exactly is going on over at r/wallstreetbets?

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 What exactly is going on over at r/wallstreetbets?

Normally on the stock market, you buy stocks of companies. These stocks fluctuate in value and usually mirror how well a company is doing. If the stock you bought goes up in value, you can make money. On the other hand, if the stock goes down in value, you lose money. The worst that can happen is that the stock becomes worthless and you lost all money you put into it. A variant of this where you make money if the stock goes down instead of up is shorting. This works by first borrowing the stock from someone else, selling them first and then buying them back later to return them to whomever you borrowed them first. While this allows you to make money if the stock goes down, if it goes up you lose money, and in contrast to normal stocks you can lose more than you originally made as the stock can theoretically go arbitrarily high. You also have to buy the stock back at some point in the future, at which point the stock will go up because of heightened demand. What happened is that someone noticed that the GME stock was heavily overshorted - more stocks were being shorted (borrowed and soled) than were actually available in the market. As I said above, shorting typically leads to a rising stock when the stock is bought back, so he bought in. But he also shared what's going on in /r/wallstreetbets, which has traditionally been opposed to heavy shorting. Now remember that shorts can lead to unlimited lossed as the stock can go arbitrarily high. So the folks at /r/wallstreetbets joined in not just because they expected the stock to go up, but also to cause trouble for whomever shorted the stock so heavily. One might even say that's their primary goal in this situation.


Question: why do diesel motors have a much more “heavy duty” sound than regular gas motors?

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do diesel motors have a much more “heavy duty” sound than regular gas motors?

Diesel engines have no spark plug. Compression alone causes diesel fuel to ignite. As a result the compression needed in a diesel engine is much higher than a gasoline engine. To handle the nigh pressure inside the engine they must be made much heavier than a gasoline engine and the fuel explosion sound that is made is louder.


Question: what gives elements and compounds their properties on an atomic level, and why do they react to each other in different way? (p.s. I hope this is the right subreddit for this question, if not please let me know, and thank you.)

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 what gives elements and compounds their properties on an atomic level, and why do they react to each other in different way? (p.s. I hope this is the right subreddit for this question, if not please let me know, and thank you.)

I know there are many nuances regarding the behavior of compounds (IMFs, weak forces, etc.) but the primary rule that governs EVERYTHING (life, the earth, the solar system) is the octet rule. Every atom has these things called electron shells that orbit around the nucleus, and for some reason, they want them to be filled up with electrons. For Hydrogen, it wants to have two electrons but it only has one. Oxygen, on the other hand, has 6 in its outermost shell but wants 8. Here's the thing: atoms long ago realized that they can share electrons to satisfy everyone. The hydrogen will share its only electron with one of oxygen's so that both electrons end up in their shells. (it's like both electrons are simultaneously in both of their shells at once). Now there are 7 electrons in Oxygen's shell and two in the Hydrogen's shell. So the Hydrogen atom is happy but the Oxygen one is not. What it does is it pulls over another Hydrogen atom to fill its shell and everyone's happy. This is called a Covalent bond, and it's an important building block of many compounds that make up living organisms (as well as other things). Some atoms want full octets and have only one electron (like sodium), while others have 7 electrons and need one more (like chlorine). What they figured out is that if the atom with one electron gives the electron away to the atom with 7 electrons, they will both be happy. This type of bond is called an ionic bond, and is present in salts and solutions (things dissolved in water). I hope this answers your question!


Question: What is a band and when does a band go from being a band to being an orchestra?

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 What is a band and when does a band go from being a band to being an orchestra?

Usually, a band does not have stringed instruments. A band would consist of brass instruments, like trumpets and trombones, and woodwind instruments such as flutes, saxophones and clarinets. Orchestras are primarily made up of stringed instruments, such as violin, viola and cello. Brass and woodwinds are also sometimes included in an orchestra.


Question: what causes the phenomenon of ‘speed wobbles’ ?

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 what causes the phenomenon of ‘speed wobbles’ ?

When the front wheel, which in motion wants to go in a straight line, hits a deviation in the road and changes direction from the direction of travel it will try and oscillate to find a straight line.... Often times it will over osscilate and try and correct back the other way which will cause a cascading series of over correction with increasing intensity (as each over correction thows the wheel farther and farther off center) until it corrects back to straight, or over corrects so far that forward is no longer a physically viable option...


Question: why is Pi used in so many different math formulas/equations?

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 why is Pi used in so many different math formulas/equations?

Because a lot of math deals with circles. Pi isn't some random number someone created--it's the ratio of the circumference of any circle divided by its diameter. This is true for every perfectly round circle in existence. The circumference is 2r * Pi, because that is literally the way we calculated pi in the first place, that's easy enough. It's useful in calculating the area of the circle because it's taking a number that's extremely easy to measure quickly (the diameter or radius), and putting the circumference in easy access. The area is r * r * Pi. If we know that Pi is equal to C / 2R, then we're really just saying the area of the circle is radius times circumference divided by two--which should look pretty similar to the calculation of area of a triangle. Pi shows in a lot of other formulas because we are often concerned with the area of round objects.


Question: Why does the Upper Peninsula exist? Why isn't it just a part of Wisconsin or a separate state?

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 Why does the Upper Peninsula exist? Why isn't it just a part of Wisconsin or a separate state?

There was a conflict between Michigan and Ohio over a small strip of land near the modern day border that would include what is now Toledo, Ohio. URL_0 In exchange for ceding the Toledo Strip to Ohio, Michigan go tthe Upper Peninsula. Wisconsin didn't exist at the time and was, in fact, part of the Michigan Territory from which Michigan was carved.


Question: What kind of data is stored in a black box of a plane?

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 What kind of data is stored in a black box of a plane?

There are two flight recorders. The cockpit voice recorder is recording any sound from the microphones in the cockpit so you can hear exactly what the pilots are saying and hearing. Then there is the flight data recorder that records data from the airplanes systems such as its orientation, forces, flight control input, speed, oil pressure, etc. If the aircraft investigators are able to collect the data from the flight recorders they know what the pilots were experiencing and doing in addition to what the aircraft and environment were doing. There is a good chance that this data alone can tell investigators how the aircraft crashed and some of the reasons why.


Question: What is the difference between Screenplay & Story?

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 What is the difference between Screenplay & Story?

A screenplay is the script to a film or tv show. The story is, well, the story: what roughly happens over the course of the film. There is nothing preventing someone from writing the story, either in broad beats or in great detail (such as when adapting a novel), and then someone else coming in to adapt that story to the structure of a screenplay which is often of quite specific format and is more aware of the fact it is a film script. A harry potter novel makes for a terrible screenplay, but a good story. Someone has to come in, take that harry potter novel, and adapt it to a script that a movie can be shot around.


Question: In cities with rent control, why doesn’t it work overall to actually lower the price of housing?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 In cities with rent control, why doesn’t it work overall to actually lower the price of housing?

Price controls on any item never really work. If someone said that your 20,000 dollar car could only be sold for 1,000 would you sell it? Of course not. So price controls pull items off the market that would normally be sold for more than the price control max cap. Does it help out a few people? Sure, people hunker down and never move, because they've got a sweet deal. So when they finally DO move and the landlord has that price cap removed, what does he do? He jacks the price way up, because he's been theoretically losing money with the last tenant, compared to what he *could* have been making on the open market. So you end up with a bunch of disgruntled landlords who are jacking the prices up to rebel against the artificial ceiling imposed by rent control. If you really want to see the endgame of oppressive price controls, look at Venezuela, their economy is in meltdown because it costs more to manufacture most foods and medicines than they can sell them for, so most manufacturers have stopped making anything. Supermarket shelves are empty because there is nothing they can sell and turn a profit. Rent or food, it doesn't matter, price controls never work.


Question: how can special body scales detect what you are made of, like body fat?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 how can special body scales detect what you are made of, like body fat?

Imagine you're standing on the scales with bare feet. The scales send tiny bits of electricity into one foot, which travels up one leg, down the other, and out the other foot and back into the scales. Electricity travels through fat and muscle (and even water) slightly differently, so depending on what the scale gets back through the second foot it can work out what you are made of. They don't measure your fat and muscle in your upper body, so the result is mostly just your legs. They aren't very accurate, because as mentioned earlier electricity also travels through the water, which will mess up the results the scale gives you. They can be used to measure fat gain/loss over time, however, as long as you're never really thirsty.


Question: People to mention that white bread is "bleached" rather than whole grain wheat. What is actually happening here and why do we have white bread?

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 People to mention that white bread is "bleached" rather than whole grain wheat. What is actually happening here and why do we have white bread?

I imagine my comment will get removed for some miscellaneous reason. Bread is made from flour, which is made from wheat seeds that have been ground up into a powder. Inside a wheat seed, there's a core called the "endosperm." This endosperm is white, and the outer layer is brown. In whole wheat flour, the entire seed is ground into flour, which will contain all of the nutrients and proteins, etc., that the brown outer layer contains. (I forget the name of this layer, forgive me) White flour is made only from the endosperm, resulting from which the final product will have a more uniform texture, which is perceived as more pleasant. It will also be slightly sweeter, and bake more evenly. But as a result of this, it will not contain the nutrients or proteins present in whole wheat, (+outer layer) which is why whole wheat bread is seen as healthier. There is no bleaching involved.


Question: What is time? What causes time to exist?

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 What is time? What causes time to exist?

Time is the measure of change in the universe. It exists because matter exists and matter travels slower than light in a vacuum. When everything in the universe travels at the same speed there is no time because you have no differences to be measured. Once you have matter, you have things that are different and their changes can be measured. We have no idea why matter exists.


Question: What are the differences between stocks and options? Would starting to invest in option be a good idea?

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 What are the differences between stocks and options? Would starting to invest in option be a good idea?

Not bein rude/mean or anything at all...but if you have to ask what options are, you absolutely aren’t ready to invest in them. Basically you’re paying for the right to either buy a stock if it drops past a certain point, or the obligation to sell a stock if it hits a certain point. But that’s incredibly simply put and they can get super complicated.


Question: Does our world lighten because of oil extraction? Oil becomes gas after human use

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Does our world lighten because of oil extraction? Oil becomes gas after human use

We cannot create or destroy matter. Just rearrange it, so when we refine and burn oil, the matter changes form but the total mass still stays the same, and our atmosphere keeps the gasses around the globe. When we burn fuel a portion of the gasses that come out are water and carbon dioxide ( not sure on the percentage of each) Main take away should be how if we burn so much fuel we are adding a lot of carbon dioxide and water to the air, water will rain and the carbon dioxide just keeps heating up the atmosphere and burning the planet.


Question: How do antihistamine anxiety meds (like hydroxyzine hydrochloride) work differently than other anxiety medications?

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 How do antihistamine anxiety meds (like hydroxyzine hydrochloride) work differently than other anxiety medications?

This is one of those cases where we use what was originally a side effect as a primary effect. Benadryl, the most commonly known first generation antihistamine, causes some pretty significant sedation. First generation histamines like Benadryl and hydroxyzine do this because they cross the blood brain barrier, much more so than second generation “non-drowsy” antihistamines like Claritin do. So we use this sedating effect to calm people experiencing an active panic attack or anxiety episode down so they can get back to normal functioning. Benzos are also used due to their sedative/calming effect, though the exact mechanism is different. SSRIs are used as a preventative medication for anxiety rather than acutely like the first two.


Question: Why did we go from 4:3 to 16:9?

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 Why did we go from 4:3 to 16:9?

In the first half of the 20th century, movies were filmed in 4:3 or close to it. When television became popular in the 1950s, the film industry saw it as competition and started looking for gimmicks to keep people coming back to theaters. So they started filming in "widescreen," using a number of different formats (1.85:1, 2.35:1, etc., even up to 3.5:1 and higher). A few decades later they invented HDTV, which was based not necessarily on film but on electronic video. It helped to have a ratio that was not only easy for display and programming but also that could comfortably fit *all* the various aspect ratios currently in use with maximal efficiency. 16:9 was the closest ratio that could accommodate this need, and it became standard in the industry very quickly.


Question: How do these 80s, 90s, 00s, movies come out with such clarity on our new HD TVs, were the cameras picking it up and TVs were bad or is it mostly digital fixing?

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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do these 80s, 90s, 00s, movies come out with such clarity on our new HD TVs, were the cameras picking it up and TVs were bad or is it mostly digital fixing?

Yes - keep in mind movies were not meant to be viewed on a TV, hence why they always had the message "This movie has been formatted to fit your screen". Movies were displayed in theaters with projectors and they looked awesome, even back then. The movies were shot on *film* most of which has a very high effective resolution, similar to 4k or even higher. We had no realistic way to watch home movies in such a high quality, and TVs couldn't display it anyways. Thus, VHSs and DVDs which stored downgraded versions of the film were used. HDTVs of today are still a big downgrade compared to the detail of a massive IMAX screen.


Question: Why do so many companies in the us have their distribution center/ship from California when most of the country lives on the Eastern half?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do so many companies in the us have their distribution center/ship from California when most of the country lives on the Eastern half?

Because if the stuff is made in China, then it makes most sense for it to arrive in Oakland or LA's ports and then ship it from there, as opposed to having to go through the Panama Canal and still have to transport things all over the US from a more central port like Houston.


Question: Why does long division work?

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 Why does long division work?

Lets do 123/5 with the same steps as in long division but in more rigorous fashion. 123 can be written as 1×100 + 2×10 + 3×1 (or with exponents as 1×10^2 + 2×10^1 + 3×10^(0). We'll need this later). So now we have ( 1×100 + 2×10 + 3×1 ) / 5. We can write this as ( 1×100 ) / 5 + ( 2×10 ) / 5 + ( 3×1 ) / 5 And further. 1/5 × 100 + 2/5 × 10 + 3/5 × 1 Now we can start doing the divisions. 1/5 would result in some fraction. We do not accept any fractions here. So lets go back few steps and combine the 100 term and 10 terms together. ( 1×100 + 2×10 + 3×1 ) / 5 = ( 12×10 + 3×1 ) / 5. = 12/5 × 10 + 3/5 × 1 12/5 is 2 and leftover 2/5 so. Lets keep the 2 here and move the leftover to the next term. So 12/5 ×10 = 2×10 + 2/5×10. 12/5 × 10 + 3/5 × 1 = 2×10 + 2/5 × 10 + 3/5 ×1 = 2×10 + 23/5 × 1 23/5 is 4 and 3/5 as leftover. 2×10 + 23/5 × 1 = 2×10 + 4×1 + 3/5 × 1 Again lets keep the 4 here and move 3/5 to the next term. But we do not have any terms left? We can just add more. At the beginnign we wrote the number using decreasing powers of 10 (10^(2), 10^(1), 10^(0)). So we can just add 0×10^-1 (=0×0.1) in there! (it is just zero, we can add zeros to number as many as we like) 2×10 + 4×1 + 3/5 × 1 + 0×10^-1 = 2×10 + 4×1 + 30/5 ×10^-1 30/5 is nice even 6. So our result is 2×10 + 4×1 + 6 ×10^-1 Now we just turn this back into normal number. 24.6 Long division does these steps. (lets see how long division works with reddit formatting...) 5|123 -0 5 doesn't go into 1. 12 carry the 1 to the next term. -10 5 goes into 12 2 times. 2×10 goes into the result so remove 2×5 from here. 23 And carry the remaining 2 to next term. -20 5 goes into 23 4 times. 4×1 goes to the result so remove the 4×5 from here. 30 And carry the remaining 3 to the next term. -30 5 goes into 30 6 times. 6×0.1 goes to the result so remove the 6×5 from here. 00 No more remainders to carry so we are done. Result is 2×10 + 4×1 + 6×0.1


Question: what was the scientific theory behind shock therapy when it was an accepted form of treatment for mental illness?

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 what was the scientific theory behind shock therapy when it was an accepted form of treatment for mental illness?

Because the brain works on electrical signals and at the time they didn't know a hell of a lot more about it, electroshock therapy was thought to sort of overload the brain and shock it back into working properly in a similar way that a defibrillator does with the heart. A bit like pressing a reset button or turning it off and back on again.


Question: Why is Machine learning not applied statistics?

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 Why is Machine learning not applied statistics?

I have a masters in cs with a focus in machine learning. Statistics is used heavily in machine learning but it’s a bit like asking “why is engineering not just applied physics.” There is a lot of application and design that goes into building the right agent for the right Machine learning has a lot of subfields, one of which is supervised learning. This is closest to what you describe. Take a training set to train a model to identify the trained inputs in a new set of data. There is also another section called unsupervised learning which could be though of as trying to group the data into categories as well as possible (not based on training data). Even farther away from those examples, there is reinforcement learning. Simply put, you tell the model to work towards something and then it learns to do it over time based on feedback from the environment. This learning is more “on line” and similar to how people learn. This is kind of like learning on the job because the agent is often having to explore what makes a good decision and what makes a bad one.


Question: Why are so many crunchy fruits/vegetables mostly water? Does more water biologically make things crunchy?

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 Why are so many crunchy fruits/vegetables mostly water? Does more water biologically make things crunchy?

Not exactly *because* the have water. Partly it's the other way round. They are "crunchy" as they have stiff cell walls. That means thay can have a lot of water inside and not collapse under the weight. However you could also say that in order to hold more water, they have to have stiff cell walls so are crunchy.


Question: What is the Glasgow scale and what is its relation/how is it used with dementia, Alzheimer’s, or other degenerative and mental health problems?

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 What is the Glasgow scale and what is its relation/how is it used with dementia, Alzheimer’s, or other degenerative and mental health problems?

The Glasgow Scale is a way to quantify someone's Level of Consciousness and Orientation Three are three categories: * Best eye response * Best verbal response * Best motor response Best eye response is ranged from 1 to 4 where: * 1 = none (patient doesn't open eyes for anything * 2 = to pain (patient only opens eyes to painful stimuli) * 3 = to speech (patient only opens eyes to verbal stimuli) * 4 = spontaneous (patient opens eyes without needing any stimulus) Best verbal response ranges from 1 to 5 where: * 1 = none (patient cannot speak) * 2 = incomprehensible speech (attempts to speak are made but actual words are not understandable) * 3 = inappropriate words (patient can speak more clearly but no sense can be made of them) * 4 = confused (patient makes some sense but doesn't know one or more of the following (who he is, where he is, what day/time it is or what is happening at the moment) * 5 = oriented (patient is fully oriented and has no confusion, speaks clearly and logically) And best motor response ranges from 1 to 6 where: * 1 = none (patient has no motor response to any stimuli) * 2 = extension to pain (painful stimulus causes limb extension * 3 = flexion to pain (painful stimulus causes limb flexion) * 4 = withdraws from pain (pulls limb away from painful stimulus) * 5 = localizes pain (moves hand to source of pain in attempt to remove the pain) * 6 = obeys commands (normal voluntary motor response) So a normal person with nothing wrong with them will have a GCS of 15. Someone who is confused but otherwise normal will have a GCS of 14. In cases of dementia, Alzheimer's or other mental health problems, the patient may have a GCS baseline less than 15. GCS is helpful in identifying further or acute deterioration of patient's mental status if there is a drop in their score from baseline.


Question: How do sea monkeys work and how is it possible to create “life” like that from a few chemicals?

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 How do sea monkeys work and how is it possible to create “life” like that from a few chemicals?

Sea monkeys are a type of shrimp that stops measurable metabolic processes when environmental conditions become unlivable. When the environment returns to being livable, the metabolic processes restarts. This is not unique to sea monkeys, but can also be done by tardigrades (water bears), nematodes (roundworms), and rotifers (wheel animals). So you aren't "creating" life any more than pressing the "On" switch on your TV remote is "creating pictures" in the TV.


Question: Why do we still discover new organs in humans when we have high precision imaging devices like MRI and tomography ?

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 Why do we still discover new organs in humans when we have high precision imaging devices like MRI and tomography ?

Because "organ" is a very vague term. All organ really refers to is a tissue or group of tissues we've identified as "doing something" or "having a purpose". Combine that vague definition with the following factors, and it becomes very, very easy to just *not notice* an organ is actually an organ, even if we've seen it countless times: - Size. Some organs are *really* tiny, so tiny that you can't see them even with high resolution scanners. For example, the saliva glands recently discovered in the back of the throat which I suspect may have inspired this post are basically invisible - they're only a handful of cells each - and we only discovered them because scientists were playing around with a radioactive chemical that happens to emit detectable radiation when it interacts with certain molecules found in those saliva glands. That radioactive emission was picked up by scanners, but they were looking for something completely different, and they found this as a side effect of that search. - Mistaken identity. It's pretty common for us to misidentify an organ as being a part of another organ, typically if they're in very close proximity. Sometimes we end up taking another look and realising it's a different organ after we learn more about its function. - Not *looking* for the organ. Even though we cut people open and/or scan them pretty regularly, we only do so because we're looking for specific things. We're not just playing around in the blood and guts to see if we can find anything cool. Things can be overlooked because there are much more pressing matters to attend to. For example, you really don't have time to carefully analyse a bunch of scans and do a bunch of repeat tests on other patients if the reason you took the scan in the first place was to look for a brain tumour.


Question: How early Morse code telegraphs transmitted eletric pulse to that specific sound?

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 How early Morse code telegraphs transmitted eletric pulse to that specific sound?

The electrical pulse energizes a solenoid (basically a coil of wire) with a piece of metal inside. This causes the iron to be temporarily magnetized (called an electromagnet). This magnet draws another piece of metal to it (that has a spring attached) and when it strikes, it makes that click sound. When the pulse ends, the electromagnet demagnetizes and the piece of metal is returned by a spring making a return click. That sound is simply pieces of metal striking each other.


Question: Why are there such drastic differences in salaries between different countries?

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 Why are there such drastic differences in salaries between different countries?

I'm going to avoid discussing service industries, because they are drastically different and less subject to the global market (You can't work construction in Detroit and Munich on the same day) I'm mostly talking tech. The biggest driver of disparity in tech jobs is cost of living. If it costs 2000 a month to live in Boston, and 200 a month to live in India, then salaries will reflect that. Companies aren't in the business of lowering profits to give employees extra spending money.


Question: Why do our brains see muscles (like abs and biceps) as attractive features in men, but typically does not find them as attractive on women?

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 Why do our brains see muscles (like abs and biceps) as attractive features in men, but typically does not find them as attractive on women?

Likely an evolutionary phenomenon. If you see abs on a man it is generally associated with increased muscle mass and decreased fat content in the body, which is associated with being healthy enough mentally and physically (and arguably financially these days) due to exercise. So someone with abs plausibly has a higher chance of giving good genes and be able to support his offspring (by hunting and protecting and so on) thereby continuing the contribution of the mother to the gene pool. If you see it on a female, it's a bit different because that means she's very skinny and muscle, in a biological sense, is more readily seen in men (therefore it bears a masculine property), which then suggests such females have a higher chance of having low body fat (not so good for pregnancy in an evolutionary sense, not talking about actual physiology) and a lower tendency to do feminine tasks due to her masculine characteristics (like taking care of the offspring and nurturing them). Please note these are not generalizations, and not facts about physiology, they're patterns we may have evolved to perceive, given what they signified a longgggg time ago.


Question: Why does the Newton-Raphson method work?

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 Why does the Newton-Raphson method work?

There is a [neat animation on the Wikipedia page]( URL_0 ) which gives an idea of how this works. Essentially you are pretending that your function is a straight line, not a curve, and then finding where the 0 would be. You then assume that your new point is closer than your earlier one and try again - finding the new line (tangent to the curve at this point) and finding where that crosses the x-axis. And you repeat. It doesn't always work, but when it does, it tends to work fairly quickly.


Question: What are Northern Lights exactly and why/how do they exist?

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 What are Northern Lights exactly and why/how do they exist?

The northern lights are auroras (there are "southern lights" too). They are caused by the charged particles of solar winds brushing against the magnetosphere. What we're seeing is akin to ripples in a still pond when something disturbs the surface, except it's a colorful light show instead. The actual science of it is pretty neat (even if we don't have a perfectly clear picture of the *exact* mechanics of all of it). If you're curious, [the Wikipedia entry on auroras is a fun read]( URL_0 ).