Question: How do accents work when people talk?

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 How do accents work when people talk?

Almost, (assuming no issues that would impede speech.) Every human is born which the ability to speak any language with any accent. Accents are entirely learnt, you learn you accent by learning from your parents and those around you. And while this is most influential when you’re young (as in it’s hard to completely change accents when your older) your accent can shift and change your whole life depending who you live your life around. All accents, all sounds we make, are is use controlling different muscles in our mouths/throat as we speak. So you can gradually change your accent by shifting how your controlling those muscles, either consciously or subconsciously. Humans are social creatures, we like fitting into groups, so when moving countries people will start to shift their accents to match people around them, assuming they don’t often speak to people from their own country, but they’re rarely able to make the shift 100%. Fun fact: linguists have found that Antarctic researchers who spend months in isolation with each other often will develop common accents in those months of isolation, a kind of melting pot of all the accents that went in to begin it.


Question: When we whistle, how do we immediately match the pitch that we hear?

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 When we whistle, how do we immediately match the pitch that we hear?

Part of the reason we can match the pitch is because the sound we make when whistling is the sound we actually hear. Have you ever noticed that recordings of yourself don't seem to sound like you to you, even though everyone else says it does? When you speak or sing, a good portion of the sound we hear is actually going *through* our head, not around it.


Question: Why does the charge of one atom determine how many atoms there are of another element in a molecule?

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 Why does the charge of one atom determine how many atoms there are of another element in a molecule?

The general idea is that a atom what a full outer electron shell. That i 2 electrons for the first shell and 8 for all other . So look at the [Periodic table]( URL_0 ) where the nobel gases on the far right column have full outer shells. If you move a step to the right you add a electron and a step to the left remove one. Covalent bond is sharing electrons and both atoms move a step to the right. There is also Ionic bonding where one atom lose a electron and another gain one. So oxygen are two steps to the left so you need to add two electrons for a full shell and hydrogen is one step from helium so you need to add one. In covalent bond atoms share electron. So hydrogen what to share 1 electron and water what to share 2 electrons. So if two hydrogen atoms each share 1 electron with a oxygen atom each hydrogen atoms have 2 electrons and oxygen have 8 in the outer shell. The result is that all have a full shell and is happy. & #x200B; Carbon is 4 steps from a nobel gas so it like to share 4 electrons. So you can combine it with two oxygen that like to share 2 electron each and ger CO2 or with 4 hydrogen atoms and get CH4 (methane) & #x200B; A example of Ionic bonding is table salt NaCl. Na looses a electrons and jump one step to the left and have a full outer shell and Cl gain a atom and move a step to the right.


Question: How Windows time synchronization with server works?

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 How Windows time synchronization with server works?

Several organizations maintain atomic clocks which are the most accurate timekeeping devices we have, and are used as "primary standards" which we as people agree is the official time. Every once in a while, provided you are connected to the internet, windows sends a request to a computer (server) that is synchronized with an atomic clock, asking what time it is, and changes the time on your computer to match. Your computer is not as good at keeping time, so it will desynchronize over several hours or days and need to be updated again.


Question: How do different types of exercise trigger different types of muscle growth? i.e Marathon runner vs. bodybuilder

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 How do different types of exercise trigger different types of muscle growth? i.e Marathon runner vs. bodybuilder

Muscles have three different types of cells or fibers (possibly more but we'll stick with three). One fiber type helps lift more weight but it fatigues easier. Another type cannot lift as much weight but it has a lot of mitochondria (energy makers) so it can sustain exercise for a lot longer. The third is an intermediate fiber between these two. The first two fiber types are non transformable. This means that the fiber types you are born with stay with you. The intermediate type is transformable which explains how a power lifter could become a little better at high rep work or a runner could increase strength. The intermediate fiber type senses the demand your body is placing on it and transforms to one of the other two fiber types depending on the demand. When you run, the intermediate fiber will sense that the muscle is not efficient enough so it will become an endurance muscle. Vice versa for weight lifting.


Question: If the earth's rotation is 23 hours and 56 mins why isn't it eventually pitch black at 1pm if we use time at exactly 24 hour intervals?

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 If the earth's rotation is 23 hours and 56 mins why isn't it eventually pitch black at 1pm if we use time at exactly 24 hour intervals?

There's two types of "days" What you are referring to is the sidereal day, that is, the amount of time it takes Earth to spin exactly one revolution relative to a fixed point in space. However, the solar day is how long it takes a point on Earth pointing at the sun takes to rotate around and point at the sun again. There is a difference because the Earth is orbiting the sun, thus the Earth's position relative to the sun has changed by roughly 1° (since it takes 365.25 days for a complete orbit). It takes another 4 minutes to make up the difference.


Question: How can the UK government keep Alfie Evan's parents from taking him to Italy for treatment?

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 How can the UK government keep Alfie Evan's parents from taking him to Italy for treatment?

Legally, the hospital felt that the parents were not operating in the best interests of the child and filed in UK courts to have parental rights removed from the parents. The courts agreed with the hospital's end-of-life plan for Alfie and that continued treatment would be unethical due to his current condition. In essence, Alfie is now a ward of the State and the parents do not have authority over him anymore. Anything they wish to do they can only do by appealing the courts, who have rejected their appeals and ruled that they cannot take Alfie out of the country for further treatment.


Question: how bug barriers (e.g. Ortho Home Defense, Raid Max Bug Barrier) kill a large variety of insects for 6+ months and is yet totally safe to use in home?

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 how bug barriers (e.g. Ortho Home Defense, Raid Max Bug Barrier) kill a large variety of insects for 6+ months and is yet totally safe to use in home?

While I don't have have answer to your question, I'd like to point that "safe to use in home" is a matter of politics. For instance, Ortho Home Defense contains Bifenthrin, which has been banned from Europe because it's been proven to be cancerous but is allowed in the USA at a very low concentration. When it comes to aggressive molecules, the dose makes the poison and each country has its own thresholds.


Question: Atoms change when observed, does that mean the atoms that aren't obeserved never existed? Like how videogames generate for the observer but the places you don't see are never generated.

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 Atoms change when observed, does that mean the atoms that aren't obeserved never existed? Like how videogames generate for the observer but the places you don't see are never generated.

It is not quite like a video game trying to save resources. The atoms you do not observe still exists. It is just that their position and velocity does not have concrete numbers. Rather it is in a probability wave. When you observe the wave it collapses from a superposition to an absolute position. If you want to draw the comparison to games it is much like how a lot of games handles lag in multiplayer mode. Your game does not know the position of all characters but it knows the approximate position they must be in. However as they round a corner and become visible their position is sent to your computer so now you know their position accurately.


Question: Why does our skin flora not overgrow and make us ill?

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 Why does our skin flora not overgrow and make us ill?

I think someone smarter will come along and better explain this but , for now here is what I know: the skin is actually pretty acidic ( ph being somewhere around 5/5.5 , 7 would be neutral). This acid ph keeps away most harmful bacteria and skin fungi that would love to penetrate the skin otherwise. Whatever else that survives on the skin, is kept well in check as long as you're alive. This is a delicate balance ( that your body works insanely hard to keep) which can be disrupted in situations like: taking some antibiotics, following some extreme bs alkaline diet, some diseases. This is why when you're sick, your skin might break out or get a rash, or get a fungal infection.


Question: How are beavers benificial for ecological systems?

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 How are beavers benificial for ecological systems?

They store water above sea level. Among other things, this makes them one of the most valuable creatures nature has ever created. They are classified as a keystone species like salmon. This means without them, other parts of the ecosystem will collapse. You could rid all the humans off the planet and leave the beavers. In a century they can reforest what we deforested in Canada, which is a lot. They can turn deserts into rainforests if you give them enough time.


Question: Why do polarized glasses block reflections from water but not from mirrors?

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 Why do polarized glasses block reflections from water but not from mirrors?

The polarisation of light is changed when it reflects off water, glass, and similar surfaces. This allows polarised glasses to selectively reduce the amount of light seen coming from such reflections, e.g., sun being reflected off a lake or ocean. Mirrors are made of glass but almost all of the reflection you see comes from a layer of aluminium coated on the back surface. Reflections off a metal surface like this aren't affected by polarisation in the same way so polarising glasses can't block the images. If you look at a reflection in a glass surface, e.g., look at yourself reflected in a window when it's dark outside, you'll find that polarising glasses can block that reflection. You may need to take the glasses off and rotate them around and/or look through them backwards to best see and experiment with this effect.


Question: How do games like Overwatch and Battlefield 1 (and others) allow you to play the games while still downloading?

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 How do games like Overwatch and Battlefield 1 (and others) allow you to play the games while still downloading?

You decide to order a boardgame online. You get your friends together every week to play. The package arrives, you find out that the the fancy game pieces are being shipped separately because they were heavy. However your friends are still there, you find that the box you just received contains the game rules, the game board and some passable cardboard game pieces. So you can still play with your friends. Over the next few days more fancy game pieces arrive, when they come, you swap out the cardboard pieces for the fancy pieces. That's how the download works. The biggest parts of a game are stuff like textures, sound files and videos. But you don't really need them to play, they just make it look nicer. The rules and the code for communicating online are relatively small. So they get sent first. Also BF1's single player was split up. Sort of like ordering all 6 seasons of a TV show, and Starting once season 1 arrives. You're watching season 1 while you wait for season 2 to arrive.


Question: how does mental momentum work in sports. how is it that a team can go on a “run” and what is the explanation behind the mental processes?

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 how does mental momentum work in sports. how is it that a team can go on a “run” and what is the explanation behind the mental processes?

When things are going right you get into a flow. When things start going wrong, you start hyper focusing on the pitfalls which causes you to make more careless mistakes that further drive your success down. This last super bowl was a really good example of how quickly this can change. The Kansas City QB had all this pressure on him of people expecting so much. And he was doing ok until he threw an interception. Then another and couple sacks later they're almost guaranteed to lose. Then he throws a perfect hail mary and suddenly the kid is on fire. With that hail mary he fell back into the flow of what he does and stopped worrying about how he had been playing like a total amateur. Falling into that flow is basically just remembering that you don't have to think about how to throw a ball. You just throw it perfectly because you've thrown it a 100,000 times before.


Question: Why does the second shampoo lather up so much more than the first?

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 Why does the second shampoo lather up so much more than the first?

Typically oil and water will not mix. Hair can be filled with oil from your body, especially after a few days of not washing it. The purpose of soap is to help oil and water mix together so the water can wash it away. The first application of soap will have a lot of oil to work with. This will "use up" the soap and make it more difficult for it to form suds. Once you wash away the soap/oil mixture with water, the second application doesn't have much oil to mix with and easily forms suds. Try this out with something like lard and dish soap on your hands in a kitchen sink. Rinsing your hands off without soap (especially with cold water) will still leave them slimy with oil. Rinse once with soap and the oil will go away but the soap won't bubble that well, second time and you'll get more suds.


Question: Why do peppers taste "hot" and mints taste "cold"?

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 Why do peppers taste "hot" and mints taste "cold"?

Our tongues are actually pretty stupid. Chemical receptors on our tongue that respond to sensation operate like a lock and key. The right chemical key in the right lock causes us to feel whatever the receptor is programmed to make us feel. The reason I say our tongues are stupid is that these locks can be fooled. Or, rather, different chemical keys can open the same lock. The lock that opens in response to the sensation of heat can also be opened by a chemical called *capsaicin,* found in hot peppers. Similarly, the lock that opens in response to the sensation of cold can also be opened by something called *menthol,* found in mints. When our tongues' receptors respond to those chemicals, they don't know that it's a chemical -- they just respond to the stimulus, and so we feel heat or cold.


Question: What is bankruptcy and how does it actually work?

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 What is bankruptcy and how does it actually work?

There are different types if bankruptcy, and they work differently for people and businesses, but this is the jist of it: You file paperwork with the court saying that you can no longer pay your bills. You owe too much to realistically ever pay it back. So the court works with you and the people you owe money to come up with a payment plan so that they get their money and you can keep on living. That plan can involve you selling off extra assets you own, extending the payment plans on your debt, or securing debt consolidation loans to roll up a bunch of smaller debts into one bigger loan that you can pay back over time.


Question: How does a calculator compute the square root of a number?

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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does a calculator compute the square root of a number?

You start with a guess as to what the square root actually is, and then you check. Then you improve your guess over time. So let's say the number is 55, and I guess 10. 55 / 10 is 5.5, which isn't equal to 10. The answer has to be between 5.5 and 10. My next guess will be the average between them: (5.5 + 10) / 2 = 7.75. Let's plug that in. 55 / 7.75 is 7.096 and change, so again, the true answer is somewhere in between. Our next guess is 7.423. Repeat that same thing again, and we get 7.416. 55 / 7.416 is...well, it's about .00039 off from 7.416, but we're only looking at the first three digits after the decimal place, so that's good enough. If we needed more accuracy, we could repeat this process as much as we want. Each time around, we get about twice as many correct digits.


Question: How do the oils on hands deteriorate ancient relics (like the ones at museums) over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do the oils on hands deteriorate ancient relics (like the ones at museums) over time?

Oils are comprised of fatty acids. As such, they're acidic, so will react with any base on the surface of the relics, resulting in corrosion. Repeated handling will wipe the old corrosion off the surface, allowing new acids from the hands to react with the next layer down. Rinse and repeat.


Question: What are Voltage, Current, Resistance, Energy and Power? And what relationships do they have with each other?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What are Voltage, Current, Resistance, Energy and Power? And what relationships do they have with each other?

We're gonna compare electricity to water in a hose. Voltage is electricity's version of pressure, sort of like PSI. It's what makes electricity want to get from point A to point B. Current how much and how fast water is flowing through the hose. Think gallons per minute. Resistance is like a kink or blockage in the hose. It slows the flow rate (current) down. The pressure also goes up where the blockage is. A similar thing happens with electricity. Power is the ability for that water to do work. Imagine you want to knock things over by spraying them. You need a combination of pressure and current (flow) to allow you to move those objects around.


Question: what’s the actual difference between different atoms besides just some protons, neutrons and electrions?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what’s the actual difference between different atoms besides just some protons, neutrons and electrions?

Most of the effects you are talking about are just the chemistry of the atoms. The chemistry is a result of how many electrons they have and "want," which is a result of the number of protons they have. So the difference between arsenic and gold, in the end, is that arsenic has 33 protons and gold has 79. That changes how they work chemically, and how a body will process them (it'll just excrete the gold, but the arsenic will be bioactive in nasty ways). If you had an arsenic atom and could add 46 protons to it, it'd be gold. This is what we mean by a "chemical element," so if it seems tautological, it sort of is — gold is any atom with 79 protons, arsenic is any atom with 33. The number of neutrons influences the physical properties of the atom — notably it can determine whether it is radioactive or not, and how radioactive it is. So any atom with 79 protons is gold, but depending on the number of neutrons it might be normal gold, or it might be radioactive gold. These different types of atoms, with different neutron counts, are called "isotopes." Lastly, molecules are just groups of atoms that are joined together by shared electrons. Again, how this works is going to be determined by the chemistry, which means by the electrons, and so ultimately the protons.


Question: Psychologically speaking, do parents have a preferred child?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Psychologically speaking, do parents have a preferred child?

There's no real way to quantify like. You could like kid 1 for X Y and Z but they're pretty terrible at A B and C, and kid 2 could be great at A B C but terrible at X Y Z - but again, how do you quantify these things to compare which child you like more? That being said, even if you did find some way of quantifying it, the chances of preferring both children exactly the same seems astronomical.


Question: How can malware get installed on your computer just by openning up a website and without the user getting notified about a download?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can malware get installed on your computer just by openning up a website and without the user getting notified about a download?

Malware is mostly spread through security vulnerabilities on your computer, for example in your browser or some plugins your browser uses. The most common ways for an infection are through JavaScript or the Flash plugin. Someone might find a bug in Adobe Flash to manipulate it into running arbitrary code. Using this bug, he downloads the real malware to your computer and executes it. Since this still requires you to visit a website that serves the exploit and quite sure you won't visit some site like URL_0 too often, there is often another step in the whole attack campaign like hacking a advertisement network and serving the exploit code via advertisements. This way every website that includes ads from the hacked network, will serve the malware (that's why we love ad blockers ;)). Another way to spread the exploit are so called Cross-Site-Scripting vulnerabilities in websites where a attacker can inject JavaScript code in a website that will get executed when a user visits the website. But using vulnerabilities in your browser or the plugins aren't the only ways to infect your computer. Another way that was described not to long ago but only in theory (never seen in the wild) was to infect Fedora Linux using the fact that Google Chrome will download files without prompting the user and Fedora will automatically index the downloaded files and create for example preview images for pictures or video files to show in your file manager. A attacker could cause Chrome to download a manipulated media file, that would be stored on the disk and processed by the multimedia engine used by Fedora (called gstreamer). Due to a bug in gstreamer, when processing the manipulated media file, the attacker could execute code on the computer. All in all, to infect a computer without user interaction the attacker needs a vulnerability in any program you use or multiple minor bugs combined in a clever way.


Question: How does our immune system differentiate between good and bad bacteria?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our immune system differentiate between good and bad bacteria?

You'd need a PhD in immunology to get any rigorous answer. One overly broad way to answer "how does our immune system differentiate" is simply: it doesn't. If you raised a primary immune response to every bacterial cell you'd be in big trouble. Gut bacteria have evolved with us to either work to our benefit (mutualism) or to work without harming us (commensalism). There is usually very little benefit in killing a human for bacteria, but often a very high reward in behaving. Most pathogens evolve, over time, to be less pathogenic for that reason. A second possible answer is that our immune system doesn't need to differentiate because the good bacteria do it for us. The "good" bacteria not only evolved to be harmless/helpful to us, but they also evolved to be very efficient within us. Their efficiency is so high that they use up resources faster than invasive bacteria can. This competition depends upon the bacteria having evolved with humans for a long time, which often means it evolved low pathogenicity. A third answer is that the immune system modulates its response by area of the body. Pathogens in the gut trigger a weak immune response. Anything foreign in the blood, though, triggers a strong response. Immunologically this can work as simply as lowering the concentration of T or B cells. In a more complicated way, the cells that are present may be immature (this can be true even within the body, for example in the liver). The human cells in your body are outnumbered 10:1 by bacteria. You can't live without them, and they can't live without us.


Question: How do whistles work? How does air going through a tube create such a sharp tone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do whistles work? How does air going through a tube create such a sharp tone?

Air moving over openings creates vibrations that can be audible. Think of a really windy day and your windows make a low humming sound during the big gusts. Or maybe you have a chimney that does the same thing. Faster air + smaller openings increases the frequency of the vibrations, and in turn, the pitch of the sound.


Question: In math, what’s a function?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
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For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 In math, what’s a function?

Something with an input and an output where each input will map to *exactly* one output. I.e using the same input will always give you the same output. For example. If i have a machine that when I put in an apple (input) it gives an orange (output) that's a function. If i have another machine where If I put in an plum or apple (input) and also gives an orange (output) its still a function. You can have multiple inputs all give the same output. But a machine where i put in an apple (input) and get back a pear or an orange. It not a function. Because now the same input has multiple outputs. If you have made a graph from an equation. If that graph passes the vertical line test. It's a function. (This will almost always be the case until you get into somewhat more advanced courses) If you don't know what the vertical line test is and want to know. I recommend a video. Much easier to explain with visuals. (It's a simple concept that's basically roll your pencil over your graph)


Question: How does trade imbalance affect a country's economy?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does trade imbalance affect a country's economy?

> Isn't it just trade between private corporations? Yes. When we say country x has a trade deficit with country y, that means that private corporations (or citizens) in x buy more stuff from y, than y does from x. This isn't inherently a bad thing. If country y has a lot of stuff people want to buy, people in country x are still improving their lives by having access to it. (Or having access to it cheaper than they otherwise would). That said, if you look sector by sector, some will be hurt more by the competition, although overall the benefit that everyone else gets will outweigh that. Long term, eventually those trade flows will have some limit/cap (you can only take on *so* much debt safely), and sectors that can't compete will go out of business and go do something else they *can* compete at. However, it's an extremely popular topic politically, because a "deficit" sounds generically bad to your average person. And on top of that, people tend to think in zero-sum terms that those jobs where you buy overseas were "lost" here at home. Neither of these are the whole story, but they're intuitively appealing and the full story is complicated so it's difficult to educate people. > How is the government involved? Directly, it's not really involved much. Indirectly, governments set trade policies and politically are interested for the reasons above.


Question: How much info can a website glean from websites open in other browser tabs?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How much info can a website glean from websites open in other browser tabs?

Websites can't see what you're doing in other tabs, as that would be a major browser security issue. However, many websites contain Facebook "Like" buttons, or Facebook comments sections. If you're logged in to Facebook (even if you don't have a tab open to Facebook), the Facebook elements on those pages can see that you're logged in, and Facebook can keep track of what websites you visit.


Question: why do some airplanes have a T-shaped tail and others have a normal L-shaped tail?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why do some airplanes have a T-shaped tail and others have a normal L-shaped tail?

The horizontal part of the tail needs to operate in smooth air. As a general rule, the L shape is easier and cheaper to build, but sometimes the shape or location of the wing and or engine sends turbulent air around the tail. If this is the case, the T tail is a solution because it lifts the horizontal part of the tail above the turbulent engine wash. If however the engines and wing don't send turbulent air past the tail, an L shape is normally preferred.


Question: Why are the front and back cameras on smartphones not the same to begin with? Why do they need to differ in quality?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are the front and back cameras on smartphones not the same to begin with? Why do they need to differ in quality?

cost and size. if all other variables remain constant, a bigger lens allows for better photos, as well as a bigger image sensor (the light sensing chip behind the lens). since they’re intended for different things, they just use different cameras. smaller cameras are also better at taking pictures of things closer to themselves (like a selfie)


Question: Why does the milk poured into coffee or tea not spoil if left out/not consumed over many hours, while a glass of milk or cream left out would go bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

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- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why does the milk poured into coffee or tea not spoil if left out/not consumed over many hours, while a glass of milk or cream left out would go bad?

Milk has a complex carbohydrate called lactose (this is the same thing that lactose-intolerant people can't digest/breakdown). Some bacteria can't go through aerobic respiration, i.d. taking in oxygen and glucose to make energy for your cells. So these bacteria go through anaerobic respiration which involves fermentation. The byproducts of anaerobic respiration are lactic acid and ethanol. So hungry bacteria see that lactose, go through fermentation, create lactic acid, and turn the milk bitter and curdy. But to do all this, the bacteria need a nice pH balanced environment with adequate temperature. Coffee manages to destroy both of these conditions. Coffee is more acidic, so it lowers the pH, and it is usually hot. When you do this to the milk, the bacteria that was on the milk will either die or have its enzymes denatured so it can't ferment the lactose. Caffeine itself is seen as an anti-microbial (because of its acidity and some other stuff that I don't really know about), so this is why it also works with tea. So next time you want to make sure your milk lasts a bit longer, either turn it to coffee or tea, or heat it up and cover it so no more nasty bacteria will feed on your hard earned lactose.


Question: why copying a software project is called forking?

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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 why copying a software project is called forking?

Think of it as a "fork in the road." When you make a copy, you can make changes that aren't in the original. Anyone else that makes a copy can do the same, so mapping out where each copy came from creates something like a family tree. You could call it "branching" instead of forking, but branching already has a meaning in programming, so we call it forking to avoid confusion.


Question: Why is decreasing biodiversity bad?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is decreasing biodiversity bad?

(I’m not a biologist, so if any are reading this, feel free to elaborate or correct me) Every native organism (anything that has life, meaning animals, plants, bacteria, etc) in any specific environment has its own niche, that is to say, its own unique role and place. If you remove even one of these organisms, for example, by making them extinct, suddenly no organism is there to fill that role, which makes that environment less stable, or in other words, more likely to collapse. For example, let’s say there was a forest with only one species of deer, and let’s say there’s a species of fox that eats only that deer. If people were to come in and hunt every single deer in that forest, then that fox would have nothing to eat. The fox species would die out too. If we switch the two, and say we kill all the foxes, then the deer would keep multiplying with less animals to eat them, and they might eat more plants than the forest has, causing the forest to have much less greenery. In other words, if you decrease biodiversity, you’re making environments less stable by removing species that have specific roles in that environment, making it more likely that those environments will collapse and become unlivable and empty of any resources we humans might need.


Question: After a tooth is removed how is it that the hole left gets completely filled over time?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
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<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 After a tooth is removed how is it that the hole left gets completely filled over time?

Dentist here - inflammation and normal trauma processes carry out cell growth, tissue differentiation, repair, etc. like they would for any wound. The body doesn’t like voids and will fill them. They first heal to close the wound, then slowly over time remodel into a smoother shape (bone and soft tissue).


Question: Why is a census necessary in the US? Can't specialized software from the social security department and the IRS do this job automatically for most of the US?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
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 Why is a census necessary in the US? Can't specialized software from the social security department and the IRS do this job automatically for most of the US?

That would be an excellent way to determine how many people are legally employed in the US. It would miss the following people: Children College students who don't have a job All unemployed people Illegal immigrants Retired legal immigrants who don't qualify for Social Security benefits Basically, there are millions of people in this country who don't have a job, and would be missed by this plan. Also, it's unconstitutional.


Question: Humans have existed for 200,00 years, yet history only goes back 5,000 years. What do we know happened past 5,000 years ago? What do we know/think life was like?

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 Humans have existed for 200,00 years, yet history only goes back 5,000 years. What do we know happened past 5,000 years ago? What do we know/think life was like?

Holy shit, this is the first time I can answer a Reddit question as an actual "professional". I'm a prehistoric archeology student, so basically trying to figure out exactly that is (hopefully) my future job. The answer is, we really don't. **A lot** of what we 'know" is conjecture, which is fancy talk for "educated wild ass guess". But we obviously base our guesses on some evidence. The more evidence you have, and the more detailed it is, the better your reconstruction. Finding out all those details takes a lot of highly specialized skills. And that's where we "archaeological scientists" (as opposed to archaeologists) come in. Archaeologists paint the broad picture, we fill in the little blanks. The amount and kind of evidence you have depends on location and age, but older doesn't necessarily mean less evidence. Here in Switzerland, the Neolithic is one of the best studied prehistoric ages whereas we know next to nothing about some parts of the pre-roman Iron Age. That's because many Neolithic settlements were built on lake shores or even in lakes. And waterlogged environments cause excellent preservation of organic remains. Let's try a simple reconstruction of a Neolithic lake shore town so you see how we work and what kind of evidence we use. We find wooden remains from stilt houses, which allow dendro-dating, which is precise to a few years, sometimes even to a few months. So we know how the town looked, how many houses there were and how old they are. The patterns of stilts also allow us to reconstruct certain dimensions of the houses, size of the settlements and so on. Inside the houses, we find bones of livestock, charred grains and fruit seeds, so we know what the people ate. Sometimes, we can analyze the remains of fats from ceramic shards to tell if they've been used to store milk or cheese. We find tools, fishing hooks made from bones, axes made from stone, arrowheads made from flint, maybe loom weights, if we're really lucky also wheels, oars and so on. In very rare cases, we might even find fishing nets or fabrics. If we map certain remains, like animal bones, we might see patterns that could indicate a hierarchy. Pigs are usually food for "richer" people because pigs aren't really good for anything else. A cow you can use for milk or labor and eat it when it's old. If we're lucky enough to find corresponding burials, we can find out even more. Bones can tell you what a person did for most of their lives. Did they carry heavy loads, were they mostly sitting (working on a loom), is there evidence for malnutrition, are there signs of past, non-fatal injury? Isotope analysis can tell us what they ate. The more "carnivorous" a human is, the higher a certain value of a stable carbon isotope. We can also compare different isotope ratios between bones and teeth to determine if a person might not have died in the same broad geographic region that they grew up in (migration). Finally, we can analyze pollen from lake sediments of the same age. With those, it's possible to reconstruct the landscape. For the Neolithic, for example, you will find loads of tree pollen and very few grass pollen, which tells us that there were no large, open pastures, so livestock was kept on wood pastures. For pre-agricultural societies, it gets more difficult. Large paleolithic find complexes are rare because there were no towns (not strictly true but let's keep it simple) and there are almost no areas where conditions were stable enough for long enough to allow for preservation of delicate organic material. But we can still find out details. We find stone tools made from flint, we can usually tell if they've been used and how, we find the cut marks the tools left on animal bones. Unfortunately, we basically never find any organic material, so we don't really know anything about paleolithic clothing, tool mountings and so on. What we do find are burials, and that fact alone tells us that whoever buried their dead there had some sort of abstract concept of an afterlife. Because if life just stops with death, there's little that's stopping you from just dumping the dead body into the next ditch. There are some buried skulls that clearly show that the person had lost their teeth long ago, which means the rest of the group had to care for them for months or even years, telling us something about social structures. In some very rare cases, you might make the find of the century which reveals details you couldn't possibly have discovered otherwise. For the Neolithic Europe, that find was Ötzi, an ice mummy found in Italy in 1991. Ötzi and the stuff he carried when he died helped us reconstruct Neolithic clothing, everyday accessories, general health and so on. Of course, the problem with such unique find is always that you can't be sure how representative they are of the general situation. In summary, archaeology is similar to detective work on a crime scene several thousand years old. You will never know what **exactly** happened but if you know what to look for, you can start to paint a general picture. There are facts you can rely on but some blanks you'll always have to fill in with your creativity and "gut feeling". The art then is to strike a good balance between seeing those ancient people as humans who functioned in similar way to you, and projecting too much of your worldview onto them. Some of your traits as a human are universal, some aren't. If you find a concentration of flower pollen in a paleolithic dwelling, it's not absurd to assume that maybe the inhabitants picked some flowers and put them in their hut because they looked pretty. But if you find a man and a woman buried in the same grave, don't claim they were "husband and wive" just because that seems to make sense in *your* culture. tldr: To find out what humans did before they could write down what they did, a bunch of lunatics will carefully sift through metric tons of mud and then make educated guesses based on what they found. I know this was a super long reply but I get kinda excited if someone is interested in what I do \^\^ Keep in mind, this reply is rather Euro-centric. The archaeological situation and methods are different in other parts of the world although the general idea is the same. If anyone wants to know more, just ask, I'd be happy to try and reply.


Question: Why is it that the more we can't get something, the more we want it?

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 Why is it that the more we can't get something, the more we want it?

This is a case of *confirmation bias* meaning you only notice the cases that fit your theory. Here are some things I can't get and don't want at all: - A rock from 10 miles below Kansas City - An original set of lyrics to all the McDonalds jingles - Ice cream made from lobster liver - A photo of me with your great grand grandfather


Question: How did interface(Sites, UI) designs get switched from non-flat to flat designs that we see in modern interfaces?

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 How did interface(Sites, UI) designs get switched from non-flat to flat designs that we see in modern interfaces?

I'm gonna assume you're asking "why did we go from one art style to another" So, computer graphics started very simple, because the computers didn't have enough memory to do much better. If you look at Windows 3.11 everything is just boxes, then when you get into Windows 95 you get stuff that looks a little more detailed, with some cute shadow effects on the bottoms of buttons to make them look 3d. Give it about ten more years and you're looking at Windows Vista's GPU-accelerated 3d floating transparent Windows. So "why did we make a complex art style style?" Because they could, and it made people go buy windows because pretty. But why'd we go back the other way again? It turns out once you introduce crazy 3d window and stuff...it looks cluttered. Simple boxes actually do a really good job communicating what is and isn't important if you have good design. Agruably, they do **better** at immediately highlighting what's important than lots of fancy details the viewer has to mentally crunch. So Win10 and so forth got simpler, because that's more functional to actually use, and people aren't as wowed by 3D graphis anymore.


Question: Why does the military use mostly propellar aircrafts for cargo instead of jets?

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 Why does the military use mostly propellar aircrafts for cargo instead of jets?

Prop-driven aircraft are generally cheaper to produce and maintain. Jets give obvious advantages for smoothness, speed, and altitude. But for a cargo plane, ability to land/take off in a shorter distance, to fly slower and at a lower altitude efficiently, and ability to do all of this with heavy load is more important.


Question: why race and ethnicity are an important distinction, and why Latinos/Hispanic people are White on most forms?

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 why race and ethnicity are an important distinction, and why Latinos/Hispanic people are White on most forms?

I'll give it a try. Hope I can help. The U.S. Census Bureau defines race as a “person’s self-identification with one or more social groups.” The social groups include White, Black, African American, Asian, American Indian and Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islanders. So race is the social group you belong to based on shared physical characteristics. Ethnicity is how you identify based on nationality, language, culture and religion. It can also be based on your geography or your family's origin. It's a cultural definition of who you are. Latinx/Hispanic people are not always white. Cubans, Dominicans, puerto ricans may identify as black because they are Afro-caribean. Argentinians and spaniards self identify as white/european decent. Some latinx/people identify as native american. I self identify as black because I have african decent but I'm latina,. My race is black, my ethnicity is Hispanic and my nationality is American. My friend from Peru is mostly native american so he he puts Hispanic/Latino and then native american. So your race is who you are based on social group and shared physical traits. Ethnicity is who you are based culture and geography. You can multiracial and identify with one race more than another based on how you look or how you feel and you can be multi ethnic and be part of multiple cultural groups like kamala harris.


Question: How did the talks of war with Iran rise so quickly and what are the underlying causes?

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 How did the talks of war with Iran rise so quickly and what are the underlying causes?

Watch the movie [Wag the Dog]( URL_0 ). The idea is to distract the public from the Mueller report long enough that it's not in the news anymore. A really common tactic used in politics (on both sides) is to divert public attention on a minor crisis towards potentially a seemingly major crisis (albeit a completely invented one). Don't worry about war with Iran until there's an actual death count -- it's pretty easy to fake at-sea skirmishes ([it's happened before]( URL_1 )) but a lot harder to fake actual soldier deaths.


Question: I'm one of 30 people on a plane capable of holding 150+ people. How does the airline justify the expense to fly us 30 an hour and a half?

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 I'm one of 30 people on a plane capable of holding 150+ people. How does the airline justify the expense to fly us 30 an hour and a half?

Probably not Airlines do often charge more for less popular routes and they do have to spend less of fuel and wages (they don't need as many flight attendants) on a flight like that. But Airlines work on averages - they don't know beforehand how many tickets they are going to be able to sell on a flight So for that particular route maybe 8 out of 10 flights make a profit and 2 are like yours and don't. But they keep all 10 flights because they don't know which ones will make them money or not - but overall that route averages out to be profitable. But sometimes they will run flights at a loss just for the sake of being able to say that they cover that particular route They also may be making a lot of money on the connecting flights so can afford to have routes that lose a little bit of money because they make it up on other flights Sometimes they also need to shift planes to other locations so they are happy to only have a few passengers because it's still better than flying the plane there empty


Question: What, exactly, is Petro-Yuan and how will it affect the US dollar?

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 What, exactly, is Petro-Yuan and how will it affect the US dollar?

It creates an automatic demand for dollars that keeps the value of the currency high. We could produce no exports of any kind, and the money would stay valuable because everyone needs to buy oil, and oil only sells for dollars. It's pretty unlikely that China will make that move in the near future, since devaluing our currency would basically gut their economy...Yuan being cheap compared to dollars is what drives the trade gap between our countries, and they have worked hard to keep that state of affairs going.


Question: Why do cable companies still use all that gear when streaming services can offer live TV with just wifi?

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 Why do cable companies still use all that gear when streaming services can offer live TV with just wifi?

First, WiFi is not internet. Its just a convenient way to send a wireless signal a very short distance. The WiFi has to be "generated" from a box with a wired connection to the internet. Most people get use WiFi generated by a router, which is physically connected to cable equipment, such as a modem, which is hardwired back into all the buried cable connecting everyone together. Youtube can only get a video to your phone or computer by taking advantage of all the physical hardware and wiring that companies already installed.