Question: How can an object in motion decelerate in speed forever and never fully stop? For example a car that decreases in speed by half, every 1 second never stops?!

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How can an object in motion decelerate in speed forever and never fully stop? For example a car that decreases in speed by half, every 1 second never stops?!

Practically it can't. Mathematically it can. It basically relies on the fact that there are an infinite number of numbers between any two points. Or more ELI5: Once you get below 1 mph you move to fractions like 1/2. Each time the number on the bottom gets bigger, twice as big. So 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, ... Since the top number never changes and there are always bigger numbers for the bottom, you can never get to zero. Clear enough?


Question: When we look at the sun, are we looking at it 8 minutes in the past? How does light travel in a vacuum if sound doesn't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When we look at the sun, are we looking at it 8 minutes in the past? How does light travel in a vacuum if sound doesn't?

Technically you are looking at light that left the sun 8 minutes ago, and due to the density of the sun the radiation that became the light you see might have been generated hundreds of thousands of years ago. Sound is a mechanical wave. it needs a means to travel through. Light are wave/particles that travel without a mean.


Question: Why do most some modes of public transportation (i.e busses) not have seatbelts when all private vehicles are required to have seatbelts?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do most some modes of public transportation (i.e busses) not have seatbelts when all private vehicles are required to have seatbelts?

They've done studies on buses in crashes using crash dummies— passengers in a bus are actually safer and better protected in a crash when they are not using a safety belt. The way the overall bus is shaped, combined with the trajectory of the passengers on impact, combined with the speed most buses go in transit, all come together to cause *more* damage to passengers from the seatbelt during a crash, than lurching forward into the seat in front of them does. In private vehicles like cars the opposite is (usually) true, so the govt mandates that they are provided in cars.


Question: Why are saturated fats bad for you, but coconut oil which is 80% saturated fat good for you?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are saturated fats bad for you, but coconut oil which is 80% saturated fat good for you?

It's not good for you. From wikipedia: > Due to its high levels of saturated fat, the World Health Organization, the United States Department of Health and Human Services, United States Food and Drug Administration, American Heart Association, American Dietetic Association, British National Health Service, British Nutrition Foundation, and Dietitians of Canada advise that coconut oil consumption should be limited or avoided. > Marketing of coconut oil has created the inaccurate belief that it is a "healthy food". Instead, studies have found that coconut oil consumption has health effects similar to those of other unhealthy fats, including butter, beef fat and palm oil. Just another example of the false equivalence of "natural" and "healthy."


Question: How does our body know the difference between a nap and a full nights sleep?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does our body know the difference between a nap and a full nights sleep?

Basically your brain has a 24 Hour cycle clock which relies on certain aspects to help tell what time it is using hormones and different signals. “A part of your hypothalamus (a portion of your brain) controls your circadian rhythm. That said, outside factors like lightness and darkness can also impact it. When it’s dark at night, your eyes send a signal to the hypothalamus that it’s time to feel tired. Your brain, in turn, sends a signal to your body to release melatonin, which makes your body tired. That’s why your circadian rhythm tends to coincide with the cycle of daytime and nighttime” [ URL_0 ]( URL_1 ) Edit: Summary added. Edit 2: I hope this helped, but I realise it does not fully answer the question from OP although a rhythm or cycle could help explain the difference between napping and night sleep.


Question: Where do scammers send the money to?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Where do scammers send the money to?

Money like that is gonna get laundered somehow. There are different ways and methods of doing this but it typically would work like this: (this is simplified to just give the general gist) They send that money to another bank account or analogous financial account that yes, could hypothetically be traced. But, that account will have no personal ties to the actual scammer, as in it was set up with a fake identity, or a stolen identity, or with an institution that doesn’t require identifying information. So now they have the money in an account, they’ll withdraw that money to cash. They will then cycle that cash, which is much harder to trace/untraceable in through other things, like say take it to a casino, exchange it for chips, play a couple games, and then go exchange the chips they have back for cash. But the pro gal cash they had is lost somewhere in the casino and the cash they have now is new cash (if they were tracing something like serial numbers). This new cash is not effectively untraceable and clean. Not tied to the original 40k, and then can be deposited into a normal account if they wanted to. Again, that’s just like a really basic possible method, which might have its flaws that law enforcement can crack, and there definitely other more complex methods that maybe don’t involve cash at all that exist.


Question: Why do some people lack self-awareness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do some people lack self-awareness?

I don't think it's a black and white thing, I would guess everyone lacks self-awareness, it's just dramatic between people with apparently none, and people with *some*. Psychological literature just drones on endlessly about how we have absolutely no clue who we are, how inaccurate our memories are, how we don't know why we like/dislike things, how biases almost totally obscure who we really are from who we think we are, and so on(a good book that encapsulates this is "Strangers to Ourselves" by Timothy D. Wilson). But we're talking about awareness of what we do *in the moment*. There are so many variables, like development(we start with the basics when we're a few months to a year old). Education/Intelligence probably play a role-- I would guess that just knowing the *term* "self-awareness" has a greater likelihood of improving self-awareness than being totally oblivious. Experiences with psychedelic drugs can have profound effects on self-awareness, as can long term mindfulness meditation(because you literally train awareness like a muscle). Trauma can have an impact, or things like dissociation/derealization/depersonalization(these can be responses to trauma). The last thing that comes to mind is, I'm guessing the question is provoked in a specific way. It's not "Why don't people have self-awareness" so much as "Why don't people have self-awareness regarding the ways they hurt themselves and others"-- this is what most people are concerned with that triggers the question, right? And social skills/emotional intelligence play a role here, since this sort of self-awareness is pretty much social. Sorry I don't have one specific answer for you, just clues and hints in some different directions. People are *extremely* complicated.


Question: Why are there different types of snow?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are there different types of snow?

The main difference is the temperature. The warmer it is, the slushier the snow. Slushy snow is great for packing, so snow forts and snowballs. Powdery snow happens when it's colder, which is nice for winter sports. There are other atmospheric factors that can change how snow falls, but temperature generally has the most impact on what you're describing.


Question: Why do people refer to their babies in terms of months after a year, or in weeks after months?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do people refer to their babies in terms of months after a year, or in weeks after months?

A 22 year old is no different than a 21 year old, and not much from a 28 year old. But a 12 month old cute toddler learning to walk upright is VASTLY different from a 24 month old 2T hellbeast toddler who has learned the word ‘no’ and won’t eat their peas. Kids develop so quickly from baby to infant to toddler that you have to define the age range differently. They outgrow their god damn $30 target shoes by the time you drive home with them or Prime can ship a new pair for to you.


Question: Why do bodybuilders take insulin if insulin suppresses human growth hormone?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do bodybuilders take insulin if insulin suppresses human growth hormone?

Insulin is an anabolic hormone that shuttles nutrients like glucose and amino acids into the muscles. This helps them grow. Muscles need exercise, nutrition and sleep to grow. Anabolic steroids increase the rate at which protein synthesis occurs. But they do not increase the rate of amino acid uptake into muscle cells. Insulin however does increase the rate of amino acid uptake. Imagine if you wanted to build a building so you hired a bunch of extra construction workers but didn't give them extra building supplies. The extra construction workers are anabolic steroids and the extra building supplies are insulin. Both work better together than just one.


Question: Why is that some Americans move different states for a job?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is that some Americans move different states for a job?

Certain industries are concentrated in certain states, so sometimes you have to move if your job is industry specific. For example, most airplane design and production takes place in the Pacific Northwest, so you're most likely to find a job in Washington State for that (though I think some of the production plants may be moving). That only accounts for a small percentage of moves, though. Most of the time people move it's because they found a better job and it just happens to be in a different location. Say you're a lawyer in London and make 100,000 pounds/year. You get offered another position in another part of London at 120,000 pounds/year or a position in Glasgow for 150,000 pounds/year. Unless you have a strong connection to London, why wouldn't you take the Glasgow job?


Question: Why do colours look different in artificial light to the way they appear in sunlight?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do colours look different in artificial light to the way they appear in sunlight?

Artificial light doesn't produce the same spectrum of colors (which combine to form "white" light) as natural sunlight does. Imagine if the frequency of light that we perceive as red was missing from sunlight - nothing outdoors would appear red to us, as no red light from the spectrum would be reflecting off those objects for us to see. The same thing happens indoors - artificial lights may have a little more yellow or less blue or whatever in their spectrum; not enough for us to notice right away, but enough to make objects appear to be a slightly different color.


Question: How do you encrypt something like a phonecall where there aren't physical characters you can change like in a text message?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do you encrypt something like a phonecall where there aren't physical characters you can change like in a text message?

In the end it's all just data, 1s and 0s. Most encryption methods don't particularly need to know or care about what the data is. As far as it's concerned it's just a stream of numbers. So how does audio become a stream of numbers? Sound is a wave travelling through the air. Microphones detect these waves and turns them into electrical waves. These can be turned into digital data by sampling the amplitude of the wave at regular intervals. So each sample is a number describing the amplitude or "height" of the wave at a given time. This is usually then compressed. Unlike encryption, the compression used for audio is typically specialised for audio. Rather than preserving the data exactly as it is, it knows what data it can throw away while still sounding about right. There are lossless audio compression methods, but I don't think a cellphone call uses them. At that point it's just data, and you can use various encryption techniques just like you can with text or any other types of data.


Question: Why is special relativity still valid if it doesn't include gravity?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is special relativity still valid if it doesn't include gravity?

The Theory of General Relativity generalizes the results of Special Relativity to curved spacetime. Thus, the limitations of special relativity can be overcome – when needed – by using General Relativity. That is, Special Relativity is the limit of General Relativity for flat spacetime. In many cases, however, such as when doing particle physics on Earth , gravity is negligible. Therefore Special Relativity is still useful.


Question: what evidence was used to support the claim that breakfast is the most important meal of the day?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what evidence was used to support the claim that breakfast is the most important meal of the day?

There isn't much to be honest. See this stared in 1917. There was an article in on of the oldest health magazine that talk about breakfast and how it's the most important meal because we should start on the right foot. That would have probably stay an obscure quote in history, but cereals company jump on it and started massive advertisement campaign based on that quote. And that's why we are still saying that. Advertisement campaign can have HUGE impact on how people view the world. There is plenty of example of that. Like how sunkist in 1907 change the orange industry from a small fruit industry to a massive orange juice one. Or how the ads like I want you and We can do it affect how the US view their military even today. Or how diamond used to be like any gemstone and almost nobody use them on engagement rings and now you would be view as a bad husband if your engagement ring don't have a diamond on it.


Question: What is the difference between (mathematical) interpolation and (mathematical) extrapolation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between (mathematical) interpolation and (mathematical) extrapolation?

The difference is in the first bit, extra vs inter. With interpolation you come up with some intermediate values between data points, whereas with extrapolation you come up with some points outside of your current range. E.g. if we have the following series [2 8 32 128] we could interpolate it by taking the average between samples so we'd get [2 4 8 16 32 64 128]. Whereas if we'd extrapolate the original series we would find [2 8 32 128 512 2048], i.e. values outside of our original range that has the same pattern.


Question: Why is is so hard for goverments/groups to shut down The Pirate Bay completely while they managed to shutdown KickAssTorrents in 1 hit completely?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is is so hard for goverments/groups to shut down The Pirate Bay completely while they managed to shutdown KickAssTorrents in 1 hit completely?

Imagine a bully at school. It's the same one each day, taking the lunch money of the same handful of kids. You take note that kids seem bullied, and it's very easy to identify who the bully is, after all you only have to talk to a handful of kids to get something of note, plus everyone is pointing the same direction. You do something about it. Now you shut down KickAssTorrents. But imagine that you have a school, a very very large school, and there's *hundreds* of bullies. They're all called Marc. So every time you get someone to tell you who bullies them, it's 'Marc'. They also all look very similar, so you never know who did it today. You never know who is actually to blame. Worse yet, some of these Marcs live in other states, and due to bureaucracy you can't even get a hold of their parents! And every time you finally shut someone down, a new Marc transfers over to your school! :o That... is basically Pirate Bay.


Question: What is the benefit to a company to enact a policy that prohibits promotion of employees from within?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the benefit to a company to enact a policy that prohibits promotion of employees from within?

I've never heard of a company that flat-out didn't promote from within. That would be a fantastically terrible policy. However, it would be a great excuse for middle managers to give an internal candidate for said promotion when an external candidate was chosen by upper managers. That said, there have been good case studies that can show why promoting internal candidates becomes a rarity. For example, Wal-Mart famously always promoted from within. Almost all of their store managers came from floor managers who all started as stockers/checkers. This is a fantastic marketing story, and gives the rank & file workers something to aspire to if this is the best job they can get. But there's the problem. The vast majority of Wal-Mart floor workers don't aspire to make a career of it. Anyone worth keeping is usually picked up within months by any other employer with double the wage, steady hours, and benefits. So the only people that stick around the two to three years it takes to land that first promotion are the ones milking an easy job with flexible hours, or simply couldn't find anything that paid more a little over minimum wage. So now your floor managers are the best of the bottom of society's barrel. Your true best left $8/hr for $16/hr 3 months after they were hired. A couple of years later you need a new store manager, who is selected from the best of that bunch. Now your local-level store leadership is largely comprised of uneducated people who (when they started) couldn't land a job literally anywhere else. Even though most of their corporate staff are college educated, experienced negotiators helping feed a god-tier supply chain and can calculate the exact right amount of workers and product to put where, the uneducated store-level management doesn't understand enough of these concepts to properly execute within a 1% margin. This creates inefficiencies, and when Wal-Mart is already only expecting a 1% gross margin on their stores, these little things add up. That's why they've started relaxing their "promote from within" philosophies and started seeking out and favoring college kids to start at a floor manager level. It's still a tough sell because you're ultimately a glorified stock-boy with an economics degree, but you are being actively groomed to be proper management. Walmart *could* solve their problem by being not a shit employer and paying their rank & file what it takes to stick around. However, their own studies say that's not as econoimically efficient. Fun fact: A seven year veteran cashier/stocker costs Wal-Mart 55% more than a 6-week newbie due to benefits and tenure raises, but is just as productive as the new kid. They actually have a financial incentive to push their employees to quit so long as they can always find more newbies to take their place.


Question: When should bitwise operators be used?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When should bitwise operators be used?

Bitwise operators allow you to manipulate the values of individual bits in a word. It is useful when you're working with limited memory (typically because of simple hardware) because you can then pack 8 values in a single byte instead of using 8 booleans (which costs 8 bytes, because in many languages, a boolean is implemented using 1 byte).


Question: How is Google able to create Google Earth street view?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is Google able to create Google Earth street view?

The map data is freely available from the government. What Google is doing is to package it up nicely and putting ads on it. The satellite photos and arial photos are taken by third party companies that specialize in this and is then selling the data to Google and others who wants to buy it. But the Street View is made by Google on their own. They have built a number of cars with a bunch of survailance systems on it and hire drivers to drive it through every street on the map. They even have more mobile versions that can be used while on foot for more difficult to access paths and trails.


Question: How did America get so insanely WEALTHY? I looked up GDPs by country and the U.S. is no. 1 at 18 and a half TRILLION dollars

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How did America get so insanely WEALTHY? I looked up GDPs by country and the U.S. is no. 1 at 18 and a half TRILLION dollars

America is the third largest country in the world by population, and the third largest by size. Europe's population is slightly larger, but the United States has a single dominant language and internal free markets and free movement. It has enormous coal deposits as well as significant petroleum and other natural resources. And it is the only major Western power that was not decimated in WWI and WWII. And, it happened to be the wealthiest and most prosperous nation at a time when economic development began to compound on itself via the information revolution.


Question: How is the death of American John Allen Chau viewed by other Christian missionaries?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How is the death of American John Allen Chau viewed by other Christian missionaries?

I am a somewhat liberal Methodist pastor and not a missionary, but nobody's answered you yet so I thought I'd give my two cents. In my opinion, John Allen Chau had no business approaching the Sentinelese. I understand the desire to share the Gospel, the good news of life in Jesus Christ, don't get me wrong, but this is a group of people that has consistently refused contact with other groups. We don't know their language, and they generally refuse to accept gifts. You want to share the Gospel? Build a relationship. You want to build a relationship? You cannot impose your values and ideas. The Sentinelese deserve to be honored, respected, and left alone.


Question: Does destroying large amounts of cash add value back into the economy? Does it decrease inflation?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Does destroying large amounts of cash add value back into the economy? Does it decrease inflation?

No. The reason being is the over 99 percent of our money doesn’t actually physically exist. Most of it exists only in computers at the bank and the federal reserve. Back in the 90s there was only 400 dollars of physical currency in circulation for every person in the country. I don’t know what the amount is now, but it hasn’t changed much. So even if you were to destroy ALL of the paper money in circulation, it would affect less than one percent of actually currency in the economy. It would be expensive to print more money, but it wouldn’t necessarily have a huge impact on the over all economy. Besides the immediate panic at there being no dollars around for buying lottery scratch off tickets and whatnot.


Question: With all of the technology we have, why isn’t there an eye surgery that can correct color blindness?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 With all of the technology we have, why isn’t there an eye surgery that can correct color blindness?

The causes of colorblindness are pretty deeply ingrained in the eyes and brain. Someone who is colorblind is either missing one of the cells that pics up one of the primary colors of light or isn't processing the feedback from those cells correctly, right now there isn't a way to remedy that.


Question: how do stores like Poundland manage to maintain a consistent price even through recession or currency changing in value?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do stores like Poundland manage to maintain a consistent price even through recession or currency changing in value?

They have a profit margin built into their items, and they are willing to decrease the profit margin in order to keep customers. They'd rather make less money on each sale, than annoy customers and stop selling anything at all. Sometimes stores also have loss leaders. For example, supermarkets will often have very cheap milk, and lose money on every liter of milk they sell - but people who come in to buy milk will usually also buy other things. So the store's profit margin is not calculated on each item, but on each customer's total shopping basket, or the average shopping basket across every time that customer comes into the shop. (It's worth losing money a couple of times to generate a habit in the customer of shopping at your store, not your competitor's.) Of course, eventually they do have to raise their prices.


Question: how can kids fight off some diseases better than adults?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how can kids fight off some diseases better than adults?

So they aren't actually 100% sure why this seems to be the case, but two ideas seem to make the most sense. One idea is that as we get older, our immune systems send out less of these big cells called phagocytes that basically just eat up anything in our bodies that shouldn't be there. Another idea is that our bodies learned over time to adapt to diseases commonly found in our environments, but not always by making us immune, but rather making sure that if we were exposed to it during a certain age, it wouldn't be as lethal. An example of this would be the polio virus. If you caught polio as an infant, there was a better chance at a full recovery. Older children were more at risk of dying and biologists believe it may be because of this concept.


Question: How do muscle contractions make it possible for a person to exert more pressure on something than their own total body weight without lifting themselves into the air?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do muscle contractions make it possible for a person to exert more pressure on something than their own total body weight without lifting themselves into the air?

Hey, mechanic here, I'm guessing you missed something. Engine hoists require almost no effort to work the lever and lift an engine. A small child should be able to pump the lever. Now there are pins that lock the lift arm in different positions, if it was locked when you tried it, then it will never move and you could hang off it all day. Some pins are pulled out, while there are some that work like a button that pressed for a short time when you begin to pump the lever.


Question: how do we get gasoline, kerosene, and diesel from the same crude oil?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 how do we get gasoline, kerosene, and diesel from the same crude oil?

Crude oil is a mixture of a ton of different hydrocarbons (long chains of carbon atoms with hydrogens hanging off them). The very short hydrocarbons, methane/ethane/propane/butane, are gasses, and make up natural gas. The rest of them are liquid-ish at room temperature but they all boil at different temperatures. The longer the molecule, the higher the boiling point. Gasoline, kerosene, and diesel are just different fractions of the crude oil. You heat the crude until most of it turns to gas and the slowly cool it in a big tower called a "distillation column". The heaviest/longest molecules will condense out first (highest temperature), that's the super heavy stuff like fuel oil. Diesel and kerosene are lighter and come out next. Gasoline is last and is the lightest/lowest boiling point. The crap left at the bottom that never evaporated is tar.


Question: I have read that steel manufactured before atomic testing began is sought after for various purposes because it isn’t tainted by radiation. How would steel that exists on the surface be less affected by radiation than iron deposits in the ground?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 I have read that steel manufactured before atomic testing began is sought after for various purposes because it isn’t tainted by radiation. How would steel that exists on the surface be less affected by radiation than iron deposits in the ground?

The iron deposits we find in the ground is just fine. Even refining the iron ore to iron metal does not contaminate it, mostly because this process uses fossil coal. The problem is that converting the iron to steel involves pumping compressed oxygen into the molten iron to make it react. And the compressed oxygen is made from the atmosphere and is therefore contaminated with various different isotopes. Most notable small quantities of cobalt-60 which binds to the iron in the steel.


Question: How the hell does anything to the power of zero equal one...?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How the hell does anything to the power of zero equal one...?

From the initial definitions of powers it may seam like powers is only defined for positive values. So we have to look for a new definition that fits the properties. One obvious property of powers is that x^n-1 = x^n /x. If we set n=1 then we get x^0 = x^1 /x = x/x = 1. The same way can also be used to define negative powers of numbers.


Question: How does colonialism differ from imperialism?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How does colonialism differ from imperialism?

Imperialism: extending your government to control peoples beyond your own, usually by military force. E.g. the Roman empire conquering modern France and extending Roman law and policies to the local Gauls. Colonialism: putting your own people in a territory to control its resources, usually displacing other peoples as they do so. North American colonies from France, Britain and the Netherlands, for instance. These colonial governments did not attempt to rule native Americans, but colonists from home or descendants of colonists.


Question: Why are birds scared of scare crows in a field?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why are birds scared of scare crows in a field?

According to the internet: “The traditional scarecrow is a decoy made in the shape of a human. It is dressed in old clothes and placed in an open field to discourage crows, blackbirds and starlings from feeding on seeds and sprouting crops. The loose clothing flaps in the breeze, giving the illusion of a real, moving person.”


Question: Why do men have a refractory period making them unable to continue having sex after their orgasm while women don't?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do men have a refractory period making them unable to continue having sex after their orgasm while women don't?

If I remember correctly it’s all about procreation. Not sure if it’s the same for humans but I read about in the animal kingdom most animal penises are shaped to basically scoop out other males sperm so they can impregnate the female and pass their genes on. Assuming it’s the same for humans, you wouldn’t want to scoop it all out while trying to impregnate. Give it some time to work.


Question: You can locate an airplane when you hear one with reasonable accuracy. Why is it so much harder to locate a helicopter?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 You can locate an airplane when you hear one with reasonable accuracy. Why is it so much harder to locate a helicopter?

I’ve heard that with bass and lower frequencies you can’t tell where it is coming from. So you could put a subwoofer anywhere in the room and you can’t tell which direction it is coming from. I would assume because a helicopter sounds much lower in frequency the same applies here.


Question: what causes bruxism (night grinding)?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 what causes bruxism (night grinding)?

Dentist of 25 years here. There is no definitive cause of bruxism. There are many theories on possible links to bruxism and there may in fact be different causes for different people. It is mostly an unconscious habit and can occur in young and old. It does sometimes run in families so there maybe a genetic component. There are certain bite patterns (especially bite interferences) which seem to be more prevalent in bruxers but there are people with perfect bites who grind like crazy as well. It seems to be heightened during stressful life events. It is not always nighttime as people often catch themselves doing it during the day as well although this is more common among clenchers . Some people don’t grind they just clench their teeth very tightly. Some common signs of bruxing/clenching are: Bone growth called tori around the roots of teeth especially inside the bottom jaw and in the middle of the palate. Notches or root exposure at the gum line. Flattening of the cusps of the teeth. Increased sensitivity. Increased mobility in teeth (side to side) Muscle tension/fatigue or pain. Jaw joint pain. Headaches especially first thing in the morning. There is no definitive way to stop. It tends to be cyclic and has spurts of varying intensity. Some people have had moderate success with hypnotism. Mostly we try to protect against the effects of grinding by using a night guard. It is important to use a night guard made and adjusted by a dentist because over the counter solutions can cause more harm than good such as altering your bite,over-eruption of teeth or trauma. Anecdotally, it seems to have become more common in the last 5-10 years, but that maybe because people are keeping their teeth longer and my clientele is getting older. I think that covers it...Probably not ELI5 but the best I can do. Cheers!


Question: Why is the equation for Kinetic Energy 1/2mv^2 when the equation for Momentum is mv?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the equation for Kinetic Energy 1/2mv^2 when the equation for Momentum is mv?

They are completely different measurements that describe different physical properties. The momentum describes how much force wee need to apply and for how long we need to apply it in order to change the objects velocity a certain amount (F•t) . Just like forces, the momentum has a direction vector. The kinetic energy describes how much work (energy) is needed to stop the object's movement. The kinetic energy has no direction.


Question: What is 'The Great Reset'?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is 'The Great Reset'?

Taken from this answer by u/inadaptado: & #x200B; > Answer: the \[World Economic Forum\] is a non-profit foundation whose main purpose is connecting influential people (politicians, journalists, CEOs, etc...) in order to look for solutions for the world's problems. Their very nature makes them suspicious in the eyes of many people, and they are an easy target for conspiracy theories about secret cabals running the world. Their last initiative, "The Great Reset", wants to use the pandemic as an opportunity to rethink the way we do things and improve the lives of everyone, because the current system is clearly not working that way. Problem is, on the surface this sounds quite similar to the New World Order idea that's been floating around for decades, so conspiracionists are having a field day with it.


Question: Can someone please explain to me what exactly is IOT? I read about it a lot but I still couldn't really get it.

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Can someone please explain to me what exactly is IOT? I read about it a lot but I still couldn't really get it.

Internet of Things. Basically, the idea that as tech has advanced, we can now cheaply stick a CPU with wifi and networking ability into pretty much anything. Some ideas for making use of this include: * Thermostats. Forgot to turn heating off? You can remotely turn it off from work. * Program your window blinds to open and close as needed. * Use your phone to tell your coffee maker to start brewing, so that you have hot coffee by the time you are home. * Be able to see when the Amazon delivery guy rings your bell, and remotely unlock a storage box for them to place your package in. So, at least in theory, potentially cool and useful stuff, at least for some people. The downside though is that we're often talking about poorly designed devices, with little attention paid to security, and no ability on the part of the owner to deal with those issues. Being able to unlock your door from work because a family member forgot the keys? That's pretty cool. A thief being able to do the same because the security is complete crap? Not so cool. The lock being forgotten by the manufacturer and being forever insecure? Awful. **Edit:** IOT devices are also a potential entry point into your home network. Even if you don't have a smart door lock that allows thieves with the right app to get in, you might have a thermostat or coffee maker that allows an interested person to figure out when you're home. If you have such things, you could be watched through your own cameras, or listened to through your own device's microphone. It could also be a starting point to attack your personal computers in case they're interested in your data or credit card number. **Edit 2:** Now some people might wonder, what's the big deal? After all, somebody getting into your laptop has always been a possibility. True. However, most people's laptops don't intentionally offer remote access over the internet. Such things today are usually a result of either OS bugs (which get patched), or personal carelessness (installing the wrong thing from the internet). The IOT is different in that such devices are made to be accessed remotely. Also they're consumer products, and I don't think any company is going to maintain their coffee maker firmware for a decade, even though having a 10 year old coffee machine or toaster is a perfectly normal thing. Things like Windows get far more attention and updates than such devices can be expected to get.


Question: Why is it that sometimes (after minor injuries) you can have bruising that doesn't really hurt, but other times you have areas that feel very sore and aren't showing any sign of bruising?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is it that sometimes (after minor injuries) you can have bruising that doesn't really hurt, but other times you have areas that feel very sore and aren't showing any sign of bruising?

2 things here- pain and bruise. Let's handle both seperately Bruise- it's because the tiny vessels carrying blood(often cappilaries) have torn and blood has seeped to the area surrounding it. If this happens in the skin, you can see it as a reddish/purplish tinge, hence a bruise. If it's deeper, you can't see it. Pain - this is if there is a stimulus at nerve endings(tips of nerves that have tiny signal receptors) which your brain perceives as 'pain'. But really it could be anything- too hot, too cold, too spicy , physical/chemical tissue damage, accumulation of a substance in certain areas( soreness is due to this). A bruise is essentially tissue injury coz vessels are broken but tiny tiny veseels don't really have nerve endings and the little pain is mostly because leaking blood is putting pressure on the nerves surrounding it. So superficial bruises just less. Over time, if the pain stimulus is very mild and lasts for a long period of time, your brain can get used to it and tune it out, so there is no constant pain but can flare up if touched/moved. So if both of these (blood vessel injured and nerve stimulation)occur due to an injury, you'll have a bruise that hurts. If only one of it does, you have the scenarios that you are asking about. P.s. it's my first time on this sub-reddit. Hopefully this helped. Sorry if just confused you more.


Question: When you see an amount of something is “adjusted for inflation,” how do they calculate that?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 When you see an amount of something is “adjusted for inflation,” how do they calculate that?

The practical calculation of inflation involves actually sending someone to the store to record the price of a "market basket" of goods. The percentage increase in the total cost of the basket is inflation. The main idea is to keep track of the amount of money it takes to buy some standardized amount of goods. Then you can talk in terms of "1965 dollars" because you know how much you could buy with a certain amount of money in 1965. There are lots of complexities to measuring the market basket. Which market are you going to? (The US uses a national sample meant to reflect prices paid by "urban consumers") What goes in the basket? How do you account for brand new categories of good, like the smartphone? How do you adjust for changes in quality? Government statisticians do their best to address these concerns, but it's a tricky business. You question might have a pretty simple answer though because it's dealing with just one good. We know the (average) price of a movie ticket in 1965 was about $1. We know the (average) price of a movie ticket in 2019 is $9. Therefore, if people bought the same number of tickets to the Sound of Music today as they did in 1965, it would make about $2.5b.


Question: Plants are also made up of proteins (they express DNA etc), so why are veggies and stuff so low in protein?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Plants are also made up of proteins (they express DNA etc), so why are veggies and stuff so low in protein?

People use the word protein slightly different in different contexts. Every cell in everything is made of protein but when talking about food people use the word to mean 'the specific proteins that the human body doesn't make but can use" so you can eat a pile of nothing but protein and have it be zero percent dietary protein. & #x200B; sugar is the same way, a food can be 100% chemically made of sugars and be 0% sugar because none of the sugars are anything your body cares about or can use for anything.


Question: Why didn't this bottle of water freeze?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why didn't this bottle of water freeze?

Basically way I understand it is that if the water is too still and in a smooth container (like plastic), ice crystals won't be able to form. As soon as it is disturbed it will "snap freeze" where basically it all freezes at once. You should have filmed it for Reddit karma.


Question: What is the difference between microplastics and microfibers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 What is the difference between microplastics and microfibers?

Micro in this context means just small. Microfibers are small pices of fibers as opposed to the big threads of fiber that most clothes are made from. When you use and wash clothes you regularly tear off tiny pices of fibers from the clothes. You often see this as dust or lint. Microplastic is a similar thing but instead of fibers it is plastic. When you wear plastic items you get tiny pices of plastic tearing off creating a fine dust of microplastic. These things are not mutually exclusive though. If you have clothes made of plastic fibers then as it wears down it will turn into microplasticfiber. However jeans is made of cotton fiber and will give off mostly microcottonfabric. The big controversy with microplastic is that it is very hard for bacteria and insects to break down plastic. And due to the small size of the microplastic it is invisible to the naked eye and very hard to notice. But it turns up almost everywhere we look. This is also the case for other microfibers as well but for example cotton is biodegradable and will get broken down by bacteria and dissapear after a while in nature. So the planet is not getting covered by a layer of cotton or other natural fibers.


Question: Why do employers delay paychecks to their workers?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why do employers delay paychecks to their workers?

It is called being paid in arrears, and it is a common practice for just about all forms of employment, "lower ranks" or not. It takes time and effort to figure out all the sick time, vacation, and overtime, cut checks, and order money transferred. You also want to build in an approval process and error checking. It is a lot easier and more cost effective to do this a couple a time a month, and give payroll a week to do it. Also, if only getting paid every two weeks vs. every day makes a big difference to you, that speaks more to your personal finance skills than to how your employer is treating you.


Question: How do scientists determine the age of Old structures like Stonehenge?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 How do scientists determine the age of Old structures like Stonehenge?

My expertise is not on Stonehenge, and I’m not sure which of these techniques has or hasn’t been done at that particular site, but I can give some insights into how we do this kind of stuff in general. Dating stone structures is very difficult but there are a number of approaches. One relatively recent technique is called cosmogenic exposure dating. Basically (ELI5) once a rock is exposed at the surface, it’s continually bombarded by particles that are created in the upper atmosphere from cosmic rays. The flux of these particles is relatively steady over time and you can measure how much of them have accumulated on the surface and work out the age since the stone was quarried. Another approach: If rocks have been coated with carbonate minerals, (which is common in caves and rockshelters...I’m not so sure this would be valid at Stonehenge) you can do something called Uranium Series dating that is based on the decay of uranium into lead and can tell you how much time has elapsed since the carbonate coating began to form. There’s also something called Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating that can date the time since a soil that contains particles of quartz was last exposed to sunlight. If you could get a sample from beneath some of the stones, it could tell you when the holes were dug to set them in place. Finally, in a more traditional approach, people don’t actually date the structures themselves, but rather look for artifacts that are associated with the structures that can be dated. Carbon dating only works on organic material, not rocks. This could be bone or charcoal or other organic remains that can be dated by radiocarbon, or it could be things like stone tools or pottery that are known to be distinctive to a particular time period. There are a lot of details and caveats I didn’t go into for the sake of ELI5. Again, I wish I could speak more to what people have done specifically at Stonehenge, but those are some of the ways we generally try and do this type of thing.


Question: Why is the advantage to bacteria/viruses that kill a host?

The user asks a question, and the Assistant answers it. The assistant provides the user with the answer that strictly follows the following guidelines. The answer should be enclosed within <answer> </answer> tags, respectively, i.e., <answer> ANSWER HERE </answer>.
Your answer should follow these rubric criterias:
Factual Accuracy: The answer must be factually correct and does not contradict the reference answer.
Relevance and Completeness: The answer should directly address the specific question, covering all essential aspects.
Clarity and Organization: The answer should be well-structured, coherent, and easy to follow.
Depth and Insight: The answer should provide thoughtful analysis or context, going beyond superficial details.
Conciseness: The answer should avoid unnecessary repetition and be as clear and succinct as possible.

Response Format rules:
- Always start your response with <answer> tag and end with </answer>.
- Do not include any text or commentary before the opening <answer> tag and after the closing </answer> tag.
For example, your response follow this format:
<answer>
[Your final detailed answer goes here]
</answer>
 Why is the advantage to bacteria/viruses that kill a host?

> Would it not be more advantageous to be relatively benign and keep on spreading itself around rather than kill the host? Yes. The vast majority of viruses/bacteria don't kill the hose for this very reason. It is mostly the ones that jump from one species to the other that become deadly. As an analogy: Cats prey on birds. Birds that evolved along side cats have evolved ways to evade them like putting their nests in high branches where the cats are too heavy to reach or being hyper alert for ambushes. So the cats may catch enough to survive, but never really end up eating them all. When cats are brought to an island were all the birds nest on the ground and have evolved no fear of cats, the cats will thrive for a while until they eat all the birds and then die off themselves. They didn't evolve side by side, so they haven't reached a balance. That isn't to say it is impossible for a virus/bacteria to reach some sort of balanced life cycle where the host dies. What's most important is that the virus/bacteria reproduces, not necessarily that it lives as long as possible in it's host. A rabid animal's hyper aggression may get it killed sooner than usual, but if it passes on rabies using that aggression, that's still a win for the rabies virus.