Question: gui for git similar to sourcetree

Response:
SmartGit has similar features to SourceTree with built-in 3-column conflict resolution, visual logs, and comprehensive git functionality including pulling, pushing, merging, syncing, and tagging.
For some users, there are clear first, second, and third place winners: GitEye wins the first for its intuitive interface, speed, and high degree of customizability, while acknowledging a bug with the refresh shortcut.
SmartGit wins the second place for its beautiful integrated file difference display, though some users may find the commit process and visibility of history to be less direct, and it requires a license.
Lastly, GitKraken wins the third places for its beautiful clear history, lightweight design, and custom commands feature, and is recommended as the best GUI for Linux users working with git (exclusively for non-commercial use) but has a messy commit UX.
The usage of extensions such as Git Lens, Git Graph, and Git History in Visual Studio Code (the VSC editor for Linux is known for very smooth integration)as a part of the IDE setup is preferred by another user, offering a comparable functionality range to SourceTree.


Question: why vlan tagging is required?

Response:
VLAN tagging is essential for indicating which VLAN the frame and the source MAC address belong to.
This tagging is also critical for differentiating VLAN traffic on trunk ports where multiple VLANs might exist.


Question: can i use multiple android devices with a single google account?

Response:
Using multiple phones with one account presents no issues, as paid applications are tied to your Gmail account and not to a specific device.
It is feasible to utilize the same Google account on various devices without being compelled to maintain the same apps across all devices, and paid apps can be re-downloaded on different phones without extra charges.
A majority of Android devices can be activated using a primary Gmail account, and the synchronization of data like email, contacts, and calendars operates seamlessly.


Question: do i need to use an interface when only one class will ever implement it?

Response:
Strictly speaking, according to the YAGNI principle, it will not be necessary to implement an interface in such cases unless when you need it for something like planning to write tests for other classes using this interface.
In theory, having an interface might not be deemed essential, but there are instances where creating interfaces serves as a beneficial practice, particularly as the front-end to encapsulated subsystems, regardless of the number of implementing classes.
When developing an API, using an interface is recommended.
Creating an interface not only provides a structure for future implementations but also aids in scenarios where additional classes may be created to implement it.
While in most cases, implementing a different interface might not be necessary, it is acknowledged that defining interfaces for higher-level classes, where abstraction from the implementation is desired, can be advantageous.
The key is to avoid unnecessary duplication of interfaces that already exist under the name of the class.


Question: how to find out the start time of last sleep

Response:
On macOS Lion, one approach is to search for "powerd" entries in the system log located at /private/var/log/system.log.
Using the terminal, a command like grep powerd /private/var/log/system.log effectively extracts relevant information.
Alternatively, the pmset command provides a comprehensive way to obtain sleep-related details; using pmset -g log|grep -e " Sleep " -e " Wake " in the terminal offers a clear timeline of sleep and wake events, particularly useful on macOS 10.8.2 and later versions.
For those specifically interested in when the lid of a MacBook was opened, the command pmset -g log | grep LidOpen delivers information about lid open events.


Question: dropbox for android folder location

Response:
On an OG Droid, Dropbox typically downloads files to `/mnt/sdcard/download`.
For Dropbox version 3.0 on a Sony Xperia T3, the default directory is `/Android/data/com.dropbox.android/files`.
In Dropbox 2.0, the standard location is `/mnt/sdcard/Android/data/com.dropbox.android/files/scratch/[files]`, as discovered on a Samsung Galaxy Tab 8.9 with an Astro file manager.
On a Samsung Note 3, Dropbox's storage path is `/storage/emulated/0/Android/data/com.dropbox.android/`.
For the Huawei Nova 3i, when the "Make available offline" option is selected in Dropbox for Android version 156.2.2, the persistent copy is stored in `Main storage/Android/data/com.dropbox.android/files/u123456/scratch/Some folder/Somefile.txt`.
However, Dropbox for Android version 218.2.2 no longer saves offline files or folders in a directly accessible directory, accessible only through the Dropbox app, as experienced on a Pixel 1 running Android 10.


Question: is a rand from /dev/urandom secure for a login key?

Response:
The answer is definitively yes when considering whether /dev/urandom generates data indistinguishable from true random data, making it reliable for cryptographic purposes.
Additionally, it's been highlighted as a great way without needing to worry about duplicate occurrences, as such an event is exceedingly unlikely, akin to being struck by lightning multiple times in a day.
The recommendation to use /dev/urandom is consistent across various platforms, despite some nuances in Linux and NetBSD related to entropy gathering after booting.


Question: why squash git commits for pull requests?

Response:
Primarily, it allows the person pulling the PR to focus on the net effect of the changes, such as the addition of a new feature.
This consolidation contributes to a clear and concise git history and bugs fixed, enhancing overall readability.
Additionally, squashing makes backporting easier.
It aligns with the perspective of best practices, aiming for a single commit per issue for effective issue management.
Particularly in public projects, squashing is crucial to eliminate security leaks that might be present in individual commits.


Question: prevent auto-pairing for certain devices (bluetooth)

Response:
To prioritize sound output settings on a Mac, navigate to System Preferences > Sound > Output and manually select the Default option, which usually corresponds to the Speakers.
If your Bluetooth audio system isn't available via the AirPlay menu, you should manually switch the sound output within the System Preferences app, or alternatively, engage in some AppleScripting to automate the process.
For Bluetooth connectivity issues, run this command in your terminal: sudo defaults write /Library/Preferences/com.apple.Bluetooth.plist DontPageAudioDevices 1.
After doing this, you must manually connect to your Bluetooth audio system.


Question: what is b in grep?

Response: In regular expressions, the term "\b" signifies a "word boundary," and the command searches for all words i in the file linux.txt.


Question: my dad is impatient with the pace of my learning to program. what do i do?

Response:
There are several ways to approach this problem, starting with communication.
Walk your dad through your code, share your learning journey to convey how much work you have put into it, and how much you understand, and thank him for being so engaged–maybe he will come away with a more positive impression of how much you have actually accomplished.
You can also educate him in this process, explaining the challenges of programming through metaphors that may help bridge the generation gap in understanding.
It also might be beneficial to get your father to help you to help him realize how tough it is to code).
If you can get him to listen, try to break down all the things that you had to learn to write your little program–chances are he doesn't understand how it all works.
And remember to tell him whenever you learn something or make headway.
Sharing Peter Norvig's post (Norvig is head of R&D at Google and teaches at Stanford, specifically Artificial Intelligence might help.
On a coding level, you should hack, build and tinker–doing your own projects because they are fun–and pick a language, (a simple one like Java )or paradigm and stick with it (the Head First books might help).
You could also put the more formal stuff away for now, and have a look at Scratch.
Finding an introductory programming book for novices could provide a structured learning path, focusing on fundamentals and breaking down the complexities of coding.
Remember that anything worth learning is worth learning well.
Some advice is to simply not worry so much, to keep at it, and to do whatever you want because it's your life, ("you shouldn't let anybody control your life") and advise you to keep doing what you enjoy and what you have fun doing (and ignore your dad in this context).
Also, do not get discouraged by any disappointment your dad may express.
As for feeling criticized, some say that you should accept that what you accomplished until now is not enough and try to do better, while others put a more positive spin on it by noting that one of the sharpest tools in your toolbox is going to be the ability to remain open, work productively amidst criticism, and not dismiss advice based on the source.
Some advice encourages holding your ground with your father, by not letting him ruin it for you.
Some say to probe him about when he started out or ask him if he drew skyscrapers with detailed plumbing plans, calculated the forces and stress on material a month after starting.
One poster recommends bringing in someone external in the situation to better evaluate your progress and bring your father down to earth.
Others assume that your father is on your side, and so showing him all the answers that posted here will help him understand better and he will support you.


Question: cant click with trackpad or mouse (os x 10.9, macbook pro)

Response:
In order to prevent unwanted input from a remote device, turning off Bluetooth will ensure that no remote button is being involuntarily pressed.
If you're experiencing issues with your mouse or trackpad, enabling Mouse keys within "System Preferences -> Accessibility -> Mouse & Trackpad" can help, and you can press the "i" key to simulate a single click, which might resolve the problem.
Additional hardware-related issues, such as something applying pressure from beneath the trackpad, can cause it to register as if it's being constantly pressed.
If you notice that there's no physical "click" when you press down on the trackpad, it may need to be repaired or the underlying pressure issue resolved.


Question: how to be a zero-bug programmer?

Response:
To achieve the status of a zero-bug programmer, the advice is straightforward: abstain from coding entirely.
Since bugs are an inevitable aspect of programming due to human error, the focus should instead be on diligent prevention, swift response to issues, learning from past errors, and keeping knowledge current.


Question: why would someone choose freebsd over linux?

Response:
FreeBSD 4 gained popularity during the first dot-com bubble, especially with Internet Service Providers and adding features like jail and ZFS support further influenced its appeal to hosting providers.
Additionally, FreeBSD is known for its robust network stack which has been demonstrated in instances where it successfully managed high server loads.
The adoption of the BSD license and the unparalleled Ports system, which has even inspired Linux distributions, are among the reasons for its preferred use.
BSD systems tend to have a more regulated code base, leading to a robust system with conservative policy changes, offering a more traditional Unix experience.
Comparing FreeBSD and Linux is somewhat akin to comparing apples to orange seeds since FreeBSD is a complete operating system, while Linux refers to the kernel.
Licensing and device support are key reasons for choosing one over the other.
OpenBSD has a remarkable reputation for security, with a record of only two exploits, due to a focus on writing quality code rather than just adding features.


Question: how do i transfer files from linux to iphone?

Response: You can use the iOS app GoodReader, or install the VLC app from the app store and use its wifi transfer feature.


Question: has many vs belongs to?

Response: In a database relationship, there's typically a table designated as the "belongs to"-side holding a foreign key that references another table, known as the "has many"-side.


Question: do cron jobs run when not logged in?

Response: Cron is a system service that handles executing scheduled tasks regardless of user login status, so it's not necessary to have a session running when a task is scheduled to be carried out.


Question: what is the difference between cat file | ./binary and ./binary < file?

Response:
The main difference is in the error handling.
When attempting to access a non-existent file, different behaviors occur depending on the approach used. For instance, using redirection with `/bin/cat` will show an error and return an exit status of `1`.
However, if a pipe is used, the exit status after execution is `0`, not reflecting the error that occurred.
The `PIPESTATUS` array is a feature in bash that allows one to get the exit status of the most recently executed foreground pipeline, but it only holds the value immediately after the command is executed.


Question: why are interfaces useful?

Response:
They allow for code reusability and inform clients about a class's capabilities in web services without exposing the code itself.
Furthermore, they enable polymorphism, where interfaces are crucial, as inheritance wouldn't function without them.
Interfaces also promote system flexibility, making it easier to modify, refactor, and redeploy since they contribute to decoupled systems.
They are particularly beneficial for maintaining decoupling, especially in test environments where mocking interfaces are more feasible than concrete classes.


Question: can adblock plus be trusted?

Response:
It is generally accepted that Adblock is safe and especially useful for inexperienced users.
However, some people recommend against installing any such software that can access your data.
On the other hand, it's widely accepted that Adblock Plus in particular is not malicious and has a proven track record of preventing malware from being installed on users' computers.
Furthermore, the Plus version is well understood and was developed by a team that has a history of protecting the interests of its users.
Also, it's open-source, so the source code is available for you to examine yourself for any security issues.


Question: how does changing your password every 90 days increase security?

Response:
The necessity of password changes depends on the context and what is being protected.
They are not a comprehensive solution and negatively impact usability but could make sense in certain scenarios.
They do address issues that could arise if an attacker obtained password hashes and limit the damage if an old backup is lost.
Without password expiry, there is potentially an unlimited time window for attackers to attempt dictionary, brute-force, or common password attacks.
Expiration policies can help prevent issues for people who reuse passwords across different systems.
It forces the user to come in contact with a possibly inactive account; they may not know whether their account has been breached otherwise.
Password resets can signal to users the importance of password security.
Automatic expiration can also safeguard against non-compliance and may provide a limited time for attackers to break a password before it becomes invalid.
Some argue that if strong passwords are used, frequent changes are less necessary.
Others say that it is mainly a compliance-driven requirement with marginal security benefits, and is not something you should rely on for security.
Recently, NIST's new guidelines recommend against "expiration without reason".
Some maintain that password expiration policies are considered bothersome to users, are ineffective in mitigating brute-force attacks because only in an intermediate, balanced scenario would a password change make any difference.
Further, changing passwords could be seen as increasing the security risk through use of post-it notes, increasing numbers or shift-numbers for ordinary users.
A study by Microsoft found that forcing users to change their password every six months isn't very useful: at least 41% of passwords can be broken offline from previous passwords for the same accounts in a matter of seconds, and five online password guesses in expectation suffices to break 17% of accounts, concluding that the evidence suggests it may be appropriate to do away with password expiration altogether.


Question: what is the difference between /tmp and /var/tmp?

Response:
According to a Wikipedia article on the FHS, /tmp may be subject to cleaning on reboot, whereas /var/tmp is retained even after a system restart.
More security configurations, such as g+s and +t permissions, are commonly applied to /tmp by default, unlike /var/tmp.
Furthermore, /var/tmp is seldom mounted from RAM or swap.
/tmp is designed for fast access and typically has a short lifespan, which is why many systems clear it quickly, and it can be mounted as a RAM-disk.
In contrast, /var/tmp is usually stored on a physical disk, can be larger, and is intended to hold temporary files for an extended period.
It's also noteworthy that /var/tmp may not be available during the early boot process, since /var and/or /var/tmp might be mounted at that point.
POSIX standard 2.3 requires that the /tmp directory must be available for applications to create temporary files but do not assume these files will be retained after the application closes.
Conversely, /var/tmp is for temporary storage that needs to persist through system reboots rather than /tmp, and it is recommended that files here not be deleted upon booting.


Question: how do you organize your projects?

Response:
When organizing projects, it's common to segment them by namespace, layer, or according to their functions within the application.
For instance, one might create separate projects for different components such as networking, logging, or a specific line of business framework.
Alternatively, projects may be divided into layers like Core, Model, Presenter, Persistence, UI, Validation, Report, and Web, which serve as the larger "building blocks" of an application.
Additionally, for solutions with shared functionality across multiple projects, dividing by layers is a practical approach, where the layers represent shared code, plugins, or extensions that need to be accessible across various projects or solutions.


Question: why are hash functions one way? if i know the algorithm, why cant i calculate the input from it?

Response:
Cryptographic hash functions are designed to be one-way functions, making the reversal from hash to original plaintext infeasible and maintaining their integrity through the avoidance of collisions.
It is inherently challenging to reverse a hash function due to built-in algorithm complexities.
Hash functions encode an infinite set of data inputs into a fixed-length string, which results in the impossibility of determining a unique original input from a hash value.
The ability to reverse hashes is theoretically possible, but practically it faces substantial obstacles, largely due to the immense time and computational effort required.
Password hashes also extend to large datasets; for example, the same hash algorithm used for passwords can compute the hash for a terabyte of data, reinforcing the one-way nature of hashes by highlighting the infeasibility of data recovery from short hash values.
Secure hash functions are integral to cybersecurity, offering properties of collision resistance and non-reversibility which are vital to the integrity and confidentiality of information.
Whereas no hash function is proven to be immune to preimage attacks, the difficulty of reversing a hash often relies on an absence of efficient inversion techniques, rather than provable mathematical hardness.


Question: what is the need for `fakeroot` command in linux

Response:
Fakeroot can be used for package building scripts.
Specifically, it allows the creation of archives such as tar files without requiring root-level access, by simulating file ownership by root.
This is particularly useful when the archives are deployed on different systems, preventing file ownership issues with non-existing users.
Another application of fakeroot is to diagnose which files a failing binary actually wants to access.
This helps in identifying and resolving issues related to hard coded paths and improper exception handling.


Question: are online password generators safe?

Response: No, It is not safe to generate passwords online.


Question: whats a good xml viewer/editor for mac os x?

Response:
With Apple Developer Tools, you have access to Xcode, which includes the "Property List Editor" application for editing plist files.
Various software options for editing XML on OS X include commercial offerings such as EditX, oXygen, XML Edita, and XMPlify, as well as shareware like TextMate and free tools like the plugin XMLMate.
Xmplify, although in beta, is useful for handling DTD, XSD, XPath, and XSL transformations.
Eclipse is a highly regarded XML editor on Mac OS, featuring XSD validation and a graphical XSD designer.
Text Wrangler is a free tool that caters to XML editing needs with an XML Tidy script.
For TextMate users, they can compile the source from GitHub and enhance functionality with language bundles.
IntelliJ IDEA, while more generally known as an IDE, also supports robust XML editing.
Emacs users can edit XML with modes like psgml-mode or nxml-mode.
QXmlEdit and BlueFish offer feature-rich and open-source solutions for XML editing, while Brackets presents itself as a simple and highly recommended alternative.
For viewing XML, applications like XML Spy provide a straightforward, free service, although lacking editing features.


Question: how to create a new window on the current directory in tmux?

Response:
One user advises that with tmux versions v1.8 and possibly v1.7 too, use the following command: `tmux new-window -c "$PWD`.
Another user offers that starting with tmux 1.9 the default-path option was removed, so it is necessary to use the -c option with new-window,and split-window .
To ensure this functionality is persistent, you can add specific bindings to your ~/.tmux.conf file.


Question: any nice, stable ways to keep a window always on top on the mac?

Response: To watch videos while simultaneously browsing other tabs or applications, the Picture-in-Picture Extension (by Google) for Chrome can be utilized.


Question: can scp create a directory if it doesnt exist?

Response: If you are copying a group of files, scp itself cannot really do that, but if you are copying a directory and all the contents below it, yes, you can.


Question: is google spying on all of us?

Response:
Yes, it's correct to say that Google monitors user data across their various platforms, such as search engines, Gmail, YouTube, and others, to curate information for targeted advertising.
This type of data collection is not typically considered "spying" in the conventional sense.
Rather, it's an effort to enhance the value of Google's services to both users and advertisers.
Google's Terms of Service are clear in stating that by using their services, you're consenting to their data collection practices.
Through this exchange of information, Google can provide its services for free or at a low cost, funded primarily through advertising revenue.


Question: why did memory-managed languages like java, javascript, and c# retain the `new` keyword?

Response:
It distinguishes between objects and primitives and improves readability as it differentiates instantiating an object from other operations.
Specifically, with the semantics carried over from C++ to other languages like Java and C#, it signals that an object is being created on the heap and can help avoid confusion when method names begin with capital letters.
In JavaScript, the new keyword clarifies the intention to create a new object since constructors resemble normal functions.
The keyword also ensures that code is easier to read and can mitigate potential naming conflicts between methods and objects—even allowing a method and an object to share the same name.
C# specifically allows types to be visible in contexts where a member with the same name could otherwise obscure them.


Question: how to determine what type of encoding/encryption has been used?

Response:
In identifying hash types, leveraging experience to make educated guesses is a common approach.
One key aspect is to analyze specific characteristics, such as the hash’s length and the alphabet used.
Guessing is one approach, but it becomes more accurate with time and experience.
The only irrefutable method is if the metadata provides clear information regarding the algorithm used.
Otherwise, the "normal" way is examining the application code or engaging in reverse engineering offers the potential to deduce the hashing algorithm.
Experience plays a critical role in recognizing certain encoding types, like Base64, on sight.
Utilizing search engines like Google might also aid in cracking simple password hashes.


Question: this javascript code is injected on my hotel wi-fi: should i be worried?

Response:
Concern about internet security in such an event is warranted.
Immediate action should include contacting the hotel staff and refraining from further use of the compromised network.
Utilizing a secured tunnel, like OpenVPN or SSH, is the best approach for network security when using other people's networks.


Question: do you know .swp file?

Response:
.swp files serve as a type of lock file created by your text editor, such as vim, to signal that a file is currently being edited.
This ensures that anyone else attempting to edit the file, either locally or over a network, is alerted to the fact that it is already open.
They also function as state files to store changes made since the last save and to keep other edit-related data such as unsaved macros and the undo history.
In the event of a system crash, these swap files can be used to recover unsaved changes.


Question: is there a specific reason for the poor readability of regular expression syntax design?

Response:
The design of regular expressions was primarily influenced by their initial use with code editors, where commands had to be concise.
They were not intended to be a programming language but tools for executing quick edits.
This efficiency in design is a key part of their functionality, even though it can lead to complexity and confusion when used to parse input for programs.


Question: what is the key difference between the control plane and data plane?

Response:
The data plane encompasses the functions and processes that facilitate the forwarding of packets or frames from one interface to another.
When referring to the control plane, this involves the router functions and components that populate the routing table or forwarding table, in turn enabling data plane functions.
This control plane is also responsible for managing system configuration and initiating the exchange of routing table information, as well as processing control plane packets to refresh the routing table.
Regarding the data plane, routers or firewalls use the information created by the control plane to correctly forward packets or frames to their intended destination.


Question: prevent itunes from opening when connecting bluetooth headset

Response:
To address issues with iTunes automatically starting, you can create a "Do Nothing App" using Automator and replace iTunes with it, while renaming the actual iTunes app.
Another method involves removing the iTunesHelper from your user's Login Items through the System Preferences.
Using a script called iTunesPatch can also help by altering the Remote Control Daemon to prevent iTunes from starting.
Terminal commands to stop and unload the rcd launchd job have also been cited as an effective solution.
Performing a binary patch on certain system processes can inhibit unwanted activation of iTunes, if keeping rcd active for other applications is desired.
For Mojave users, ToothFairy is recommended to manage Bluetooth connections and set commands for when devices are connected or disconnected.
Finally, altering the audio output selection within iTunes to regular speakers instead of a headset may stop the auto-start.


Question: someone is using my (or has the same) email

Response:
You will have to go to court for the provider to give data about IP addresses and release the full emails, including its headers, which will show that the emails did not go through your mail server (or the mail server you use), so you can prove that you did not have access to the server the mail is originated from.

This might very well be a scam, and you can find similar letters in a Google search.

One of your first steps needs to be filing a police report to document the fact that someone is either making false accusations or committing criminal behavior in your name, and it would be good to get some legal advice.

Ignoring the legal questions and going to the e-mail issue, which is the security issue, it is absolutely trivial to fake e-mail; most likely, nobody hacked your mail, someone just forged one or made up the whole thing.


Question: how to transfer data from one mac to another using wifi?

Response:
If both Macs are on the same network, or have wifi enabled, you can use Airdrop, or AirPort, available in Finder on both Macs; just drag files to the other computer's picture.

Alternatively, try Dropbox or DropCopy.


Question: how to delete directories based on `find` output?

Response: When using GNU find, you can easily remove files by employing the -delete option, (find . -name test -delete).


Question: how do i negotiate dialogue boxes using the keyboard only?

Response:
In macOS, to navigate dialogs and select commands without a mouse, you can use the tab key to cycle the dialog boxes and move between buttons and active controls within the operating system.
When a button is highlighted with a blue border, the space bar may be used to select it.
To enable this keyboard navigation functionality, you need to adjust settings in System Preferences under the Keyboard/Shortcuts/Full Keyboard Access sections.
Additionally, the return key typically activates the default button in the dialog, which is usually represented with a colored background.
It's also possible to cancel an operation using the Escape key, although this may work intermittently depending on the context.


Question: how do i combine two or more images to get a single pdf file?

Response:
To merge images into a single PDF file using Preview on a Mac, make sure the Drawer is open, and drag the image into the Page Thumbnail section.
For multiple images, select all images you wish to include, right-click, open with Preview, and then arrange them in the desired order in Preview's Sidebar.
For incorporating separate PDFs into one file, select the thumbnails view and drag the second PDF from your Desktop into the thumbnails pane.
Another method is to use imagemagick, which you can install via homebrew.
You can also use Automator to create a PDF from multiple images.
To do so: Create a new Workflow, then Under Actions, Library, Files & Folders add the Get Specified Finder Items as a step.
Then, on the bottom of that step click on Add and select the images, next, under Actions, Library, PDFs add the New PDF from Images and you will find your new PDF in the Results tab.


Question: why dhcp offer is broadcast?

Response: When a DHCP server replies to a network, it uses a unicast IP packet and Ethernet frame addressed to the target MAC and IP.


Question: use an android tablet as a wacom drawing tablet for a pc?

Response:
The GfxTablet project enables you to use a tablet as a drawing device on a network-based platform.
Touchscreen tablets differ greatly from drawing tablets like Wacom's, as touchscreen devices lack features such as pressure sensitivity, angle detection, and hovering capabilities, which are essential for precise artistic work.
For those seeking Samsung devices with drawing functionalities similar to a Wacom, the Samsung Note II offers pressure sensitivity and includes a Wacom digitizer.
Another alternative for tablet drawing is the Virtual Tablet app, which is freely available on the Google Play Store and promises a satisfactory but not flawless experience.
For collaborative drawing across devices, the Explain Everything app is a solution, or Microsoft Office for Android, which has robust drawing features and enables syncing with desktop versions.


Question: what can i do to manage my phones internal storage?

Response:
Utilizing tools like DiskUsage, allows for a visual representation of storage usage on both internal storage and the SD card, aiding in identifying and managing space-consuming elements.
In the manage applications area of settings, sort by size, look at large apps to clear out data and reduce their footprint, remove apps you don't use (or uninstall if possible) and move songs, ring tones, pics, etc. to the SD card.
In the context of Gmail storage, adjusting the sync duration can be an effective way to control and manage the storage space it occupies on your Android device.
Exploring alternative apps, such as replacing the default Gmail app with K9 or opting for smaller Twitter clients like Tweetdeck or Touiteur, contributes to storage optimization.
Leveraging apps like APP2SD provides guidance on which apps can be moved to the SD card and identifies cache that can be safely removed, aiding in storage efficiency.
Additional options include clearing the dalvik-cache, installing a custom ROM like Cyanogen, or using 'LinkApp2SD' to force apps onto the SD card.
Combining apps like DiskUsage and Link2SD offers a comprehensive approach to managing storage effectively, ensuring a balance between storage use and available space.
If you have superuser permissions, use the terminal emulator to inspect folders.
When facing storage challenges, apps like Memory Map prove helpful in identifying and resolving issues, offering a clear visualization of storage usage.


Question: how do i remap a key in macos sierra, e.g., right alt to right control?

Response:
Apple's Technical Note TN2450 provides information on how to remap keys.
However, for a more user-friendly approach, you can use Karabiner-Elements.
Additionally, you can simply go to the  Apple menu, choose “System Preferences,” and then navigate to the “Keyboard” preference panel.


Question: what is the difference between sort -u and sort | uniq?

Response:
The command sort | uniq existed before sort -u, and is compatible with a wide range of systems, although almost all modern systems do support -u, as sort -u will likely use fewer intermediate files to sort the data.

The uniq command has a number of useful additional options, such as skipping fields for comparison and counting the number of repetitions of a value, where sort's -u flag only implements the functionality of the unadorned uniq command.

With POSIX compliant sorts and uniqs (GNU uniq is currently not compliant in that regard), there's a difference in that sort uses the locale's collating algorithm to compare strings (typically using strcoll() to compare strings) while uniq checks for byte-value identity (typically using strcmp())¹.

Using uniq is more predictable.

The command sort -u applies the unique flag only on the column that you sort with.


Question: can cat-ing a file be a potential security risk?

Response: Yes cat-ing a file is not just a potential risk, it's a real risk, as various online documents warn, but as long as you don't run the thing, you're fine.


Question: is there a way to turn off translation in google play

Response:
To change the language for your Google Play app, you can go to your device's settings, navigate to "Language & keyboard," and under "Select language," choose the desired language for your device, which will also be reflected in the Google Play app.
For other Google Products, like Gmail, you can change the language preference by logging into your Gmail account, clicking "account" in the top right corner, and selecting "language" from the left vertical menu.
If your preferred language isn't available, you can install Xposed and the appinfo module, change the language settings in appinfo specifically for Google Play, and then clear Google Play's cache to have the app in English.


Question: how can i stop an intruder plugging into an ethernet wall socket getting access to the network?

Response:
Have physical access restricted, then have 802.1x using EAP-TLS to have authentication to the port.
After that you can still have a firewall on the access/distribution layer.
You can include a port disable for a given time period if violations are detected, or implement a policy that requires any switch ports that are not currently used to be disabled.
Another option is to use a VPN internally and treat the section of the network outside secure areas the same way you would treat the internet.
If your only requirement is to just block users (intruders), you can simply write a couple of lines of EEM script.
Use a very strict access control, bring in pen tester, find things that are misconfigured, understand perfectly your network, and train people.


Question: are all macs 64 bit?

Response:
Depending on the version of the OS, Mac kernels can be 32-bit or 64-bit.
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard is the final version that supports 32-bit Intel Macs, while subsequent versions default to 64-bit.


Question: why is the coreaudiod daemon using 5% or more cpu?

Response:
An update in the future is expected to address a known issue with high CPU usage related to audio processing on computers.
A suggested solution in the meantime for users includes creating the folder Library/Preferences/Audio, which has been effective for some.
Another possible cause of the problem could be audio plugins that run under core audio configurations.
Quitting certain applications like Boom.app, which are known to affect the audio stream, might also resolve high CPU usage issues.
Furthermore, disabling ambient noise reduction software, which continues to operate even when the microphone isn't in use, can significantly reduce CPU strain.
In addition, users have reported that disabling the "Google Voice Search Hotword (Beta)" extension in Google Chrome on OS X helps reduce unnecessary CPU usage.
The issue is that Google Chrome browser continuously uses the microphone to listen for the hotword 'OK Google'; to resolve this open Google Chrome, go to Settings, then Search and then disable 'Enable "OK Google"'.
Additionally, certain applications appear to be triggering this problem when interacting with the microphone and can be remedied by closing or restarting those applications.
Certain browser tabs, such as one running WhatsApp in Google Chrome, may keep the system awake and cause coreaudiod to run persistently.
Lastly, high CPU usage can occur when running clones of the iOS Simulator with idle apps; closing the Simulator should return CPU usage to normal.


Question: if you ^z from a process, it gets stopped. how do you switch back in?

Response:
To manage a suspended job in a shell, you can issue the command fg to bring the job into the foreground and continue its execution.
This command is particularly useful if you have paused a job by pressing Ctrl Z and want to resume it promptly without any additional arguments.


Question: whats the difference between ssl, tls, and https?

Response:
HTTP is designed to operate over a bidirectional tunnel for arbitrary binary data, and when that tunnel is an SSL/TLS connection, then the whole is called "HTTPS".
In terms of establishing secure connections, SSL begins immediately with security and proceeds directly to secured communications, whereas TLS starts with an insecure "hello" and switches to secure communications after a successful handshake between the client and the server.
Differences between SSL and TLS include variations in the ClientKeyExchange, key derivation, and the handling of new renegotiation extensions.


Question: whats the difference between real, virtual, shared, and private memory?

Response:
Wired memory in Mac OS refers to essential system (or kernel) code that must always remain in RAM.
Shared memory is allocated among multiple processes, potentially leading to confusion regarding actual memory usage.
The term "Real" memory describes the genuine memory consumption as calculated by the task_info() function.
Additionally, Real memory is connected to the physical memory present in the computer.
Conversely, Virtual memory represents a conceptual allocation of memory that relies on storage devices rather than actual RAM.
It's also mentioned that Shared memory is a part of physical memory that various processes can use.
Apple publishes information that can help users understand their system's memory use, such as the amount of installed RAM and the concept of Virtual memory, which is about the mapping requests made by applications.


Question: how to retrieve the wi-fi password of a connected network on a mac

Response:
To retrieve a Wi-Fi password on a Mac, use Spotlight to open Keychain Access, type in the Wi-Fi network's name, then find and select the key to reveal the password upon entering your system password.
Alternatively, if the Wi-Fi password has been stored, it can be accessed through the Keychain Access application by finding the relevant AirPort network password entry and checking the 'Show password' option.
Lastly, for those comfortable with the Terminal, a command-line solution is available utilizing the `security` command to find generic passwords including Wi-Fi networks.
The command would be: security find-generic-password -a "$1" -g | tail -0 I.


Question: clicking on external links opens chrome but not the link

Response:
If you encounter this problem, ensure that your Chrome browser is updated.
In some cases, Chrome might be waiting for you to relaunch it to apply the update, so a simple restart can often fix the problem.
Additionally, it's worth noting that a workaround for this issue has already been incorporated into Chromium.


Question: why is global state so evil?

Response:
Bugs, poor testability, impure functions, code understanding difficulties, concurrency concerns, and potential performance hits are some of the notable issues associated with mutable global state.
Global state can lead to unpredictable program behavior since it may be altered from unknown locations within the application, affecting the reliability of method outputs and the ability to unit test them effectively.
Global variables are also considered unreliable given that any part of the code could modify their state, which complicates debugging efforts when functions exhibit inconsistent behavior.
Moreover, if an application utilizes global variables widely, removing or altering them requires extensive changes throughout the code, resulting in significant maintenance challenges.
Globals foster complex dependencies and hinder the ability to maintain program invariants, which are crucial for ensuring application integrity.
The utilization of global state also diminishes code readability as dependencies are not obvious and need to be traced, further complicating the maintenance process.
Moreover, managing globals, especially when used excessively, is difficult and prone to issues which escalate with the size of the application.
Consider that what may start as one global folder path may become one of several or even hundreds in the future which could make restructuring a nightmare especially if, say, two databases are required.
Also, the bigger the global state, the more difficult writing automated tests becomes, because all tests must work with the same global configuration value.
Specifically, the use of singletons in programming creates challenges for unit testing due to potential contamination of global state and imposes rigid constraints when flexibility is required.
Global state variables also pose problems for the user, because considering more than a few parameters to understand their combined impact on a program's functionality is a typical limitation of human cognitive abilities.
Programming languages designed for secure and robust systems often eliminate global mutable state to simplify reasoning about code and verify system properties more effectively.


Question: what all does adb backup and how do i restore part of it?

Response:
When you use ADB backup with the appropriate command line switches, it allows you to backup both the apps themselves (.apk files) and their associated data.
If necessary, it's also possible to perform a partial ADB restore or to backup and restore Android settings and applications via ADB.


Question: where are sony xperia backups stored?

Response:
On the Sony Xperia Z5 Compact, backups are stored in: SD-Card/Android/data/SonyBnR/Backup.
On Sony Xperia Z1 Compact, with no SD card or where the storage destination is set as "Internal Storage", the backups are located in /sdcard/.semc-fullbackup, or /storage/sdcard0/.semc-fullbackup, or /storage/emulated/legacy/.semc-fullbackup.


Question: what linux distribution is android based on?

Response:
Android has very little in common with typical Linux distributions and functions as an entirely new system despite using the Linux kernel.
Unlike conventional GNU/Linux distributions such as Debian, Arch Linux, or Gentoo, Android is not derived from any of them and does not follow the typical GNU/Linux format.


Question: what is a closure?

Response:
At its core, a closure consists of combined local state and code, essentially acting as a contained package.
It is a function that can be stored as a variable characterized by its capability to retain access to the scope it was created in, even when used elsewhere.
Furthermore, closures provide a new perspective on objects, as they are functions with one or more variables bound to them, emphasizing their function nature over the data.
Closures are also characterized by their connection to associated states, making them similar to functions with attached state.
In programming languages that treat functions as first-class values, closures represent a mechanism that supports saving the entire state of a function, adding another layer to their capability.


Question: where can i find the task manager in mac os x lion?

Response:
It is called the Activity Monitor on a Mac and can be found in the Applications/Utilities folder.
Alternatively, you can use the shortcut cmd + space to open Spotlight, then type "Activity Monitor" to access it quickly.
If you need to force quit an application, look for the apple/Mac icon, commonly at the top left of the screen, where you'll find the "Force Quit" option.
Another method to launch the Activity Monitor is by typing its name into Spotlight, and for force quitting, use the shortcut Alt + Command (⌘) + Esc.


Question: what is the benefit of gits two-stage commit process (staging)?

Response:
Having full control over the selection and commitment of files or lines to a repository is a clear benefit attributed to git tools.
The specific feature that allows committing only portions of changes can streamline the development process, particularly when dealing with multiple or complex changes that may not all be ready for commitment at the same time.


Question: official way to obtain an os x iso file

Response:
You can obtain the OS file directly from Apple by downloading it from the Mac App Store; this is considered the official method to acquire the file if you don't already have access to a Mac computer.
Note that this method will not work with Maverick or Yosemite.
If seeking an ISO file for Maverick, information can be sourced from a post on the InsanelyMac site that offers an automated bash script to create a bootable ISO.


Question: how to print only the duplicate values from a text file?

Response:
To identify duplicates in a file, you can use the "uniq" command if the file has already been sorted.
Should the file be unsorted, you can first sort it and then apply "uniq" to extract only the duplicate lines.
Another approach is to employ both "uniq" and "awk" commands together by piping the output of "uniq -c" into "awk" and printing lines that appear more than once.


Question: how to add newlines into variables in bash script

Response:
If you find the need for newlines in your script frequently, a useful approach is to declare a global variable that holds a newline character.
By doing this, you can easily incorporate newlines into double-quoted strings using variable expansions.


Question: how can i get a count of files in a directory using the command line?

Response:
The most accurate command to count all files, including dot files, in a directory is `ls -Aq | wc -l`.
This command option disregards the special entries '.' and '..'.
If there's no need to count the dot files, use `ls -q | wc -l`.
The `-q` option in the `ls` command replaces nongraphic characters with a '?' mark, ensuring each file or directory is represented by a single line.
To get similar one-line output directly from `ls` without piping the output, one would have to use the `-1` option.


Question: what is difference between $@ and $* in unix shell script?

Response: "$*" and "$@" are not the same in bash scripting; "$*" consolidates all input parameters into a single string, while "$@" actually keeps them as an array of distinct values.


Question: xperia companion where are backups stored?

Response:
On Sony Xperia Z5 Compact, the backups are stored in SD-Card/Android/data/SonyBnR/Backup.
On Sony Xperia Z1 Compact, with no SD card or where storage destination is set as "Internal Storage", the backups are located in /sdcard/.semc-fullbackup, or /storage/sdcard0/.semc-fullbackup, or /storage/emulated/legacy/.semc-fullbackup.


Question: how long are texts saved on iphone?

Response: As of May 2016, texts on iPhone are stored for up to 30 days.


Question: what is the difference between qt and gtk?

Response:
There is no difference between qt and gtk with regards to their internal structures as programs.
The only differences are cosmetic in that they set themes independently; via qtconfig and gtk-chtheme, respectively.
Just one thing to note would be that GNU/Linux tends to be more gtk oriented.


Question: does an iso27001 audit require users to reveal their passwords?

Response:
In direct terms, management of passwords under ISO 27001 does not entail the need to inspect all passwords in clear text to validate their adherence to password policies.
Contrarily, the notion that a sysadmin should be able to view your password is incorrect, as it likely contravenes the very controls it's supposed to enforce.
Moreover, it is not acceptable to have to provide your password, even if requested by management, and efforts should primarily be directed at persuading the requester to reconsider.


Question: where are xfce notes stored?

Response: The notes are typically stored within the directory $XDG_DATA_HOME/notes/, which defaults to the path ~/.local/share/notes/.


Question: how do i back up google authenticator?

Response:
Creating a list of 'Backup codes' provides a convenient alternative for logging in without relying on authentication codes.
Titanium Backup, available on the Google Play store, proves effective in backing up any Android app, including Google Authenticator.
Authenticator Plus, another app option, supports backup and restore functionality with synchronization across devices, ensuring a seamless transition.
For users with Android devices, utilizing a "Root Explorer" app from the Google Play store enables the backup of the Authenticator by connecting your device to a PC and backing up the folder to a secure USB or external HDD.
On a rooted phone you can use the "amaze" file manager as well: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.amaze.filemanager&hl=en.
You can also save or screenshot QR codes during the initial 2FA setup and rescan them in Google Authenticator for restoration (saving them in an encrypted location).
Additionally, manually setting up MFA tokens and storing them in an encrypted vault offers an alternative approach, ensuring the backup of configurations ahead of time–just  ignore the QR code based setup and use the token based setup itself.
For those seeking a more technical solution, a Python script is provided as a potential option for creating backups–just paste your code and run them in Python environment  (http://usefree.com.ua/google-authenticator-backup/).
Exploring the SQLite database on Android devices reveals that the original tokens are stored, providing insights for users facing similar challenges.
Hardware tokens and saving QR codes or secret keys during token enrollment are strongly recommended for long-term security.
Keeping the Google Authenticator app updated and using the "Transfer Accounts" feature in settings after an app update is an additional step to consider for maintaining secure backups.


Question: how to find live hosts on my network?

Response:
The simplest approach to performing host discovery on a network is to execute the command nmap -sP with the appropriate IP range.
The easiest way to check this is to verify the ARP-tables after doing the ping sweep using nmap: arp -a -n, and this will list all hosts that which responded to an ARP query, even the ones which filter ICMP.
Wireshark is a powerful tool that logs all network traffic and can help identify broadcasting nodes and transmitted data.
The following bash script will output the IP addresses of all the live hosts on a network: #!/bin/bash nmap $1 -n -sP | grep report | awk '{print $5}'.
To fetch IP addresses that `arp -a -n` may not retrieve, performing nmap with `nmap -sP 192.168.1.1/24` is suggested as a reliable alternative.
To find live hosts, you can also employ the command arp-scan 192.168.12.0/24 # if vlan tagged interface use -Q vlanid etherape (GUI) show graphs of network activity.
With administrator privileges, you can use netdiscover(8) with -r flag to specify different class and mask.
Additionally, fing is a faster alternative for host fingerprinting and network scanning: sudo fing -r 1.


Question: screen overlay detected dialog?

Response:
In the context of issues with Android M, specifically for Nexus 5X, Twilight has been identified as the app causing problems related to overlay permissions.
For system apps and non-system apps, you can navigate to Settings, then Application Manager, and look for Apps with Overlay Permissions to manage these settings, which includes turning on Show System Apps for a complete view.
Additionally, for accessibility apps, you can go to Settings, then Accessibility, and at the bottom of the page, you can manage the apps listed by turning them off if necessary.


Question: where are epub files stored on android?

Response:
By default, the Google Play Books app stores books in the location with the most free space, which could be either the device's internal storage or an SD card.
Furthermore, the location does not change after upgrading the app.
If you are trying to manually add books you've downloaded from your computer, you will find them in: /data/data/com.google.android.apps.books/files/accounts/{your google account}/volumes.


Question: where can i find programming puzzles and challenges?

Response: Books like "Cracking the Coding Interview," "Programming Challenges," and "The Art of Computer Programming" provide valuable programming puzzles and challenges.


Question: how do i get sublime texts open-file gui to show hidden files?

Response: To get Sublime Text's open-file GUI to show hidden files, you can press ⌘ cmd + ⇧ shift +. while the dialog is open, which will toggle show/hide hidden files.


Question: where are android alarm tones stored?

Response: Default ringtones are usually stored in the directory /system/media/audio/ringtones on your device.


Question: what are some undocumented iphone features?

Response:
When you're using the iPod app and a new song starts playing, your iPhone's screen will light up briefly to display the track details, assuming the iPhone isn't in your pocket.
If you double-click the home button while running iOS4, a customized task bar will appear, showing recent and currently running multi-tasked apps, as well as iPod controls.
By pressing both the home button and the power button, your screen's contents will be captured and saved to your Photo Albums.
Should you wish to quickly scroll back to the top of any app, simply tapping the status bar will do the trick.
For efficient typing on the iPhone's keyboard, you can hold the '123' button and slide to any number or punctuation, then lift your finger to return to the alphabetic layout.  The iPhone hides a Field Test mode, accessed by dialing *3001#12345#* that provides detailed information about cellular towers, signal strength, and network data, and the IMEI number can be displayed with *#06# without making a call.
Holding a link in Safari allows you to open it in a new tab.
Holding down certain keys on the keyboard will give you additional character options like an em dash or accented letters.
In the Mail app, you can quote a specific part of a message by selecting it before hitting the reply button.
The Maps app offers alternatives to pinching for zooming, such as double tapping to zoom in or tapping with two fingers to zoom out.
You can also adjust the scrubbing speed of a song in the iPod app by dragging down from the scrubbing slider, and double pressing the Home button toggles between the apps page and the Search page.
Shaking the iPhone while editing text will give you the option to undo or redo the action.
At the top of the contacts list in the Phone app, you'll find your own phone number.
Enable Caps Lock in the keyboard settings to have the double-tap shift key hold for uppercase letters.  Various symbols and characters can be accessed by holding down specific keys on the keyboard.
Access iPod controls while the iPhone is locked by double-pressing the Home button.
Surpassing the 11-screen app limit is possible; apps beyond this will not show but can be launched via search.
Double-tapping the shift can also enable caps lock.
Deleting individual text messages is possible by clicking the Edit button in the Messages app.
Double tapping the space bar at the end of a sentence automatically adds a period.
Video podcasts' audio can be played even when the phone is locked, by pressing play on the iPod controls accessed with a double Home button press.
A two-finger tap zooms out on Google Maps.
Audio streams in Safari can play in the background after navigating away from the app.
While typing, holding the Shift key and another letter key will capitalize the latter.
The headphone's remote can be used to start or stop video recording on 3GS iPhones and newer.
In Maps, accessing street view cans be done by tapping an orange figure icon after dropping a pin.
VoiceControl not only places calls but allows specifying the number type like 'home' or 'mobile'.
Mobile Safari lets you scroll through iframes and divs using two fingers whereas one finger will scroll the main page.
The headphone remote has controls for playing music, skipping to the next or previous song.
Shake the iPhone while a song is playing and the iPod controls are displayed to skip to the next song.
Tapping, not swiping, is all that's needed to switch a button's state.
In the Messages app, hiding the keyboard is as simple as pulling it down.
An emoticon-filled keyboard can be added by choosing the 'emoji' keyboard.
Accessing draft emails quickly is possible by holding the new email button.
Requesting a desktop version of a mobile website in Safari can be done by holding the reload button.


Question: is source code generation an anti-pattern?

Response:
When we generate code, it is not source even if it is text that is readable by humans, because the true definition of source code is that which is created by a human or other similar intelligence.
Most opinions offer that this is not an anti-pattern and that generating code and considering it as source code can be problematic, as it forgets the purpose of code generation and how new languages evolve from the inadequacies of their predecessors.
While the act of generating source code is not inherently an anti-pattern, care must be taken to ensure that the generated code remains understandable and does not complicate maintenance or debugging processes.
Other opinions advise that source code generation is a workaround for programming languages that lack expressive meta-programming, and there's no need for generation in languages with adequate built-in meta-programming capabilities.
Code generation is not always an anti-pattern and can be particularly useful in frameworks where it helps keep code in sync across different languages.
However, if you are using source code generation for replacing features like generics, it would be considered an anti-pattern.
Generating intermediate code is also not considered an anti-pattern, as it has played a historical role in the development of programming languages like C and C++ and can serve various practical purposes.
Moreover, it is not an anti-pattern to generate code just once, especially when porting code from one language to another, since it can streamline the transition and maintenance process.
Lastly, not using a code generator when it facilitates efficiency and understandability would actually be an anti-pattern.


Question: how do i undo always show pictures from this sender on android gmail?

Response:
In the Android Gmail app, to revoke image approvals granted to email senders, click the Menu > Settings > General Settings,  and then click Menu again and open the sub-menu of options to access the 'Clear picture approvals' option, which will reset all approved senders.
Alternatively, if you're using Gmail's desktop version, you can revoke image approvals on a per-sender basis.
Another way to do it on Gmail's web interface is by clicking the little down arrow next to the sender's name in an email and selecting 'Don't display from now on'.
It's also worth noting that as of 2020, a similar option to 'Clear Picture Approvals' can be found in the Android Gmail app under General Settings accessible through the Triple Dot Menu.


Question: when is it a good idea to force garbage collection?

Response:
Garbage collection is typically triggered when the system experiences "memory pressure".
It's advised against forcing garbage collection in general unless there's a situation where you have just created a lot of garbage or when you expect the system to be non-responsive due to a heavy load operation.
Manual garbage collection might be a wise preemptive measure to clear out space when preparing to create a large collection of objects and use a significant amount of memory.
Likewise, after loading a significant collection of big objects and not expecting to load more, invoking garbage collection can help to improve cache locality and overall system performance.
In certain situations, such as benchmarking, you'd want a known managed heap state so manual garbage collection can ensure that the GC does not randomly activate during the process.
Forced garbage collection might also be used when suddenly releasing a large amount of resources, like closing a major GUI window or coping with third-party leaks.
Gaming applications might schedule garbage collections during less critical moments to avoid frame rate hiccups.
In environments where non-memory resources are used, such as RMI, inducing GC can prove practical to mitigate resource wastage.
When coding for platforms like the Xbox, timing garbage collection is critical to avoid FPS issues.
In rare cases with a significant creation of objects set for collection, manual GC can be beneficial, especially when performance dips are tolerable, but such actions should be validated through profiling.
Generally, it's not recommended to force garbage collection; however, there are exceptional cases where this knowledge surpasses the garbage collectors'.


Question: how to connect two pairs of bluetooth headphones to one phone?

Response:
It is possible to do this in a couple of ways: you can use an additional device called a Bluetooth (BT) splitter, and you can connect two SkyGenius headphones to one iPhone without any splitter using a function they call "ShareMe".

Apparently, Apple is rolling this capability out in a feature called Airplay.


Question: what does synchronize all mean in windows mail?

Response:
While Get Mail will only fetch new mail in the Inbox, synchronize will look for changes in the IMAP configuration, look for changes in the folder structure of your account, and probably a lot more.

Synchronize is useful to get two (or more) machines back in sync: if you make changes on one Mac, you can use Synchronize to make a second Mac aware of the changes.

Synchronize basically double counts and double checks each and every message to make sure things are 100% correct, and should normally do nothing, but it will fill in any gaps as needed.


Question: bash - replace space with new line

Response:
The "printf" command is particularly useful in this situation, because when file paths contain spaces, it can present them without being split.
When transforming text in general, the "tr" command is recommended.
The "sed" command is another option to make changes such as substituting spaces with new lines in files.


Question: simple method for reliably detecting code in text?

Response:
To identify programming languages in a block of text, you could look for a semicolon followed by a newline, a common sequence in languages such as C, C++, Java, and C#.
Another method is to count the occurrence of special characters typically used in programming, like '[]', '()', and ';'.
Running a syntax highlighter on the text can also help determine if it contains code, as a high percentage of highlighted text would indicate programming content.
Writing simple patterns to detect language-specific syntax, as seen in languages influenced by C, can be useful.
Additionally, detecting whether the body of a question contains specific language names, like "Javascript" or "Java," might signal the presence of related source code.
For a more in-depth analysis, implementing multiple Markov chains trained on code samples of various languages can provide a statistical model to predict the likelihood of text being code.
Alternatively, using an English language-checker to identify non-language symbols could suggest the presence of code, especially on platforms like Stack Overflow, where English is the primary language.


Question: how do you import ca certificates onto an android phone?

Response:
For CA certificates to be compatible with Android, they should be ASN.1/DER encoded and have either a .CRT or .CER file extension.
You can easily convert .cer to .pfx for a Wi-Fi network connection without requiring any key using a straightforward method given in http://abtevrythng.blogspot.com/2010/06/adding-cer-certificates-on-your-android.html.
RealmB's Android Certificate Installer has been effectively used to set up certificates by uploading the required .cer or .pem files and then navigating to the provided link.
Additionally, simply changing the file extension from .cer to .crt allows for successful certificate recognition.


Question: how can i recursively delete empty directories in my home directory?

Response: To remove directories using command-line operations, it is possible to call rmdir on each directory, as it will only delete directories that are empty.


Question: are ssl certificates port specific?

Response: Certificates are not linked to specific port numbers and do not include the concept of "port" as part of their identity.


Question: do apple alarms turn off by themselves?

Response: The iOS 10 alarm clock will turn off after 15 minutes, and there's nothing you can do about it as it's built that way.


Question: any way to encode the url in curl command?

Response: You can use: curl -G "$( echo "$URL" | sed 's/ /%20/g' )".


Question: copy a file back to local system with ssh

Response:
Use the `sshfs` command, create a directory, and then mount it to enable easy copy-pasting of files.
You also have the option to utilize `ssh-xfer` for file transfers or use `zssh`, which functions similarly to `zmodem` over ssh.  Alternatively, the `xclip-copyfile` and `xclip-pastefile` tools provide a seamless method to copy and paste files without the need for `scp`.
Although proprietary, SecureCRT offers convenient file transfer features, including ZModem, SFTP, and drag-and-drop capabilities, combined with session-specific configurations.
For a graphical user interface approach, Midnight Commander's Shell-Link feature can facilitate file management between local and remote hosts.


Question: how do i control macbook volume when a dp display is connected?

Response:
MacOS doesn't enable control over end devices connected via HDMI or DisplayPort on Apple computers, including volume adjustments.
The Audio MIDI utility in the utility folder on OS X may be used to adjust audio settings.
Commercial applications are available to help with audio control, such as SoundSource, which has a "Super Volume Keys" feature, and SoundControl, both offering free trials.
Although SoundControl has an associated cost after the trial period, eqMac2 is another free option, is open-source and works immediately upon installation.
Besides these third-party apps, there's MonitorControl for managing external monitor brightness and volume and SoundFlower, an extension that allows audio to be passed between applications, neither requiring a driver installation.


Question: is cobol good to learn?

Response:
Learning COBOL may not be the most practical choice unless you are already in a niche market where COBOL is actively maintained.
It might not be worth investing time in it, as there are better and more relevant languages to learn first.
However, if you envision a career as a COBOL programmer, then it could be a suitable option.
While it might not be the best language from a contemporary job market perspective, exploring COBOL can provide insights into historical programming practices.
It could be interesting for curiosity's sake, but keep in mind that COBOL is considered a somewhat outdated and less widely used language.


Question: how can i add new folders to the favorites in the finder sidebar?

Response:
To add new folders to the Favorites in the Finder sidebar, simply drag the folder to the desired position in the sidebar.
If the folder doesn't show the "horizontal location-line" graphic, making it seemingly impossible to attach it to the sidebar, try dragging a folder within the folder into the sidebar and cancel that action when you see the location line graphic; then, attempt to drag the main folder onto the sidebar again.


Question: what does the spring framework do? should i use it? why or why not?

Response:
The Spring framework, primarily written in Java, serves as a comprehensive toolset for building functional web applications, offering support for various features like internationalization.
It also provides a good way to structure your application into layers which will save you a lot of time in the long run.
Beyond its core functionality of dependency injection, Spring extends its capabilities to include declarative transactions, job scheduling, authentication, and more.
Additionally, not confined to dependency injection and aspect-oriented programming, Spring encompasses a collection of implemented patterns and practices, enhancing and expediting the application development cycle.
It excels in scenarios with a multitude of components, providing a mechanism to wire them together, label them, manage their lifecycles, caching, and adjust behavior through configuration.


Question: why is my message not delivered imessage?

Response: "Not Delivered" implies an error of some kind, perhaps because the recipient's phone battery is low/dead, the recipient's phone is out of wifi range, the recipient has you on block, or the recipient's phone is off, whereas if nothing is displayed that just means the message is queued up to an inactive phone, or backed-up in transit over the network.


Question: how to check os and version using a linux command

Response:
If it is a Debian-based system, use the command `cat /etc/*_version`; for a Red Hat or CentOS-based system, try `cat /etc/*-release`.
The command `uname(1)` is recommended if you need the kernel version.
To check the Red Hat Linux version on RH-based OSs, the command `cat /etc/redhat-release` is appropriate.
Alternatively, the `lsb_release -a` command may work on any Linux distribution.
It's also possible to use `cat /etc/issue.net` to find out the OS version.


Question: using terminal, how can i find which directory is my usb drive mounted in?

Response:
All drives, whether internal, external, or networked, get mounted in the /Volumes directory.
You can use commands like ls -a /Volumes, ls -l /Volumes, or ls -la /Volumes to explore the mounted volumes and gather information.
Another command to try in Terminal is system_profiler SPUSBDataType, which provides more hardware information about your USB devices.
For a comprehensive approach, you may want to use a combination of native utilities in Terminal to ensure you get all the details.


Question: does facebook store plain-text passwords?

Response:
The workings of Facebook's password storage methods are not publicly known to anyone except for Facebook itself.
According to information from an industry conference, Facebook has been confirmed to not store passwords in plain text.


Question: is tcp or udp more secure?

Response:
Neither TCP nor UDP has inherent features aimed at ensuring confidentiality.
The security of both protocols depends on other protocols, like DTLS or Google's QUIC, to provide encryption and other security measures.
TCP is not inherently more secure than UDP—they both lack specialized security features, and differences in their security implications stem from their functional differences rather than purposeful security design.
Depending on the application and how it's configured, TCP might be perceived as more secure, but this isn't a valid reason alone to choose TCP over UDP as there are other important considerations to take into account between the two. .
In terms of security guarantees, both UDP and TCP are identical when combined with modern security implementations at the application layer, as is feasible with IPv6 IPSec.
TCP's complexity does not translate to more security by default; rather, both protocols require additional security measures to be taken, and QUIC is an example of a secure transport layer built over UDP.


Question: how can i see dmesg output as it changes?

Response:
The command `watch -n 0.1 "dmesg | tail -n $((LINES-6))"` can be utilized for closely monitoring system message changes and making them suit the terminal display.
On systems with systemd, the command `# journalctl -kf` can also be enlisted for a similar purpose.
In a separate approach, executing the commands `while true; do dmesg -c >> test.txt; sleep 1; done` and `tail -f test.txt` in different terminals achieves a similar result.
Should you work with an embedded system like BusyBox, a straightforward Bash loop `$ while true; do dmesg -c; sleep 1; done` can be implemented as a solution to continually print dmesg output, though it lacks ideal functionality.


Question: where are ppt templates stored on mac?

Response:
For Word and PowerPoint 2011 in English, templates are stored in the Home folder at the path ~/Library/Application Support/Microsoft/Office/User Templates/My Templates.
In the case of Office 2016, the storage location for templates has changed to ~/Library/Group Containers/UBF8T346G9.Office/User Content/Templates.
It's important to note that following an Office upgrade, the old path at ~/Library/Application Support/Microsoft/Office/User Templates/My Templates may still exist, but PowerPoint will not use that location for templates.


Question: what is the difference between console and gui application?

Response: The major difference is the design of the user interface.


Question: does cd . have use?

Response: The cd command provides a quick way to clear the $OLDPWD variable.


Question: how do i add x days to date and get new date?

Response:
You can specify "+x days" to calculate a future date using the date command string: `$date -d " + 10 days`.
It's also possible to use the -d switch to calculate dates, for instance, adding or subtracting days to a given date.
In order to get 1 day back date using date command: `$ date -v -1d` will give (current date -1), `$ date -v +1d will give (current date +1).
It supports calculating dates for years, months, weeks, hours, minutes, and seconds by replacing "d" with the appropriate time unit.
However, special care must be taken with time zones when using the -d switch, especially when daylight saving time changes occur, as this might affect the calculated dates like date -d "$myDate + 10 days".


Question: which application to preview .md files?

Response:
There are a wide range of options for those interested in previewing their Markdown work: you can install a markdown QuickLook plugin such as QL Markdown for better Finder-based previews.
Marked 2 is a highly recommended tool for its live previewing feature that updates as you save; the Markdown Preview package from package manager provides multiple styles for viewing Markdown.
MacDown is an open-source editor; Visual Studio Code is a pleasant IDE for general use, which also has good rendering capabilities for Markdown.
Markdown Viewer for Google Chrome is a useful browser-based solution that formats Markdown files in a similar way to GitHub, and ; Markoff is a CommonMark file viewer available via the App Store and GitHub; lastly, Typora is suggested because it's user friendly and open source.


Question: how to download from google play store without wifi?

Response: In order to update apps regardless of whether you're on Wi-Fi or using cellular data, you have to adjust the auto-update apps setting to 'Auto-update apps at any time'.


Question: whats a good mac equivalent of winmerge?

Response:
FileMerge is a solution included with every Mac OS X installation, though it does also require Developer Tools to be installed too.
There is also a cross-platform alternative, called DiffMerge.
Araxis Merge is known as the gold standard and offers versions for both Windows and Mac users, which is especially useful for multiway diffs and merges common in distributed version control systems.
It also comes as a commercial version with a free trial.
Meld is a visual diff and merge tool designed for developers, which aids in file and directory comparisons, and supports popular version control systems.
Meld can be installed on Mac via MacPorts, requiring Xcode and the Xcode Command Line Tools.
Another powerful paid option for file merging on OS X is Kaleidoscope, which also facilitates folder and file comparison and even image comparison.
It's also praised for its aesthetically pleasing interface and three-way merge capability, making it a favorite for users who value design.
VisualDiffer, though not as robust as some alternatives, offers a cost-effective solution for file comparison.
SemanticMerge provides structure-based merge capabilities that parse code for .NET, C, Java, C++, and JavaScript, offering refactoring-friendly merging.
Beyond Compare, recognized for its superior diff/merge capabilities on Windows, is available as a beta version for Mac.
Perforce offers its diff and merge tool P4Merge, appreciated for its handling of file-diffs and three-way merges.


Question: how can i get the current working directory?

Response:
For the current working directory, you can use the environment variable $PWD, or write something similar to: dir=`pwd`.
Another approach is to use command substitution to store the pwd command's output to a variable by using backticks or dollar characters.
Moreover, different commands can display varying results if symbolic links are present; therefore, using `/usr/bin/pwd` or `$(pwd -P)` is suggested to obtain the physical directory path when scripting in bash.


Question: how to arrange two windows easily to left and right side?

Response:
You can use Better Touch Tool (BTT), also called Better Snap Tool, which includes default window snapping, among other features.
As of Feb 2, 2016, the app is available to buy for $2.99 USD.


Question: what is ^m line ending?

Response:
The ^M character signifies a carriage-return character. .
This character typically appears in files that come from the DOS/Windows environment where lines end with both a carriage return and a newline, in contrast to Unix-based systems which end lines with a single newline.


Question: ^x^y unix trick for all instances in last command?

Response: The !!:gs/search/replace/ notation can be used to carry out global search and replace tasks within the command line.


Question: creating diagrams in ascii

Response:
For individuals interested in creating various types of diagrams, there are several tools available in Emacs, such as artist-mode or picture-mode, as well as applications like ditaa.
When using vim, the DrawIt plugin enables the creation of basic diagrams.
Java-based JavE is another option for generating ASCII diagrams.
Other tools include asciio or graph-easy (which you can install with this command: `wget http://search.cpan.org/CPAN/authors/id/T/TE/TELS/graph/Graph-Easy-0.64.tar.gz tar -xzf Graph-Easy-0.64.tar.gz cd Graph-Easy-0.64 perl Makefile.PL make test sudo make install PATH=$PATH:/opt/local/libexec/perl5.12/sitebin/graph-easy`, which also has wrappers lddot and dothost that provide nice screenshots.
For Mac users, Monodraw is suggested as a highly polished tool for diagram creation, which although not free, is praised for its value in saving time and aiding productivity.


Question: how do you unit test private methods?

Response:
When approaching unit testing, it's generally advised to focus on the public interface rather than attempting to test private methods directly, as private methods should be considered an implementation detail.
In .NET development, for testing purposes, a private method could be altered into an "Internal" method and made "InternalVisible" to your unit test project.
Java developers have the option of employing libraries like fest assert and/or fest reflect to test private methods using reflection.
This involves adding the library via Maven or directly into the classpath to gain access for testing.
Alternatively, you can modify a private method's access level to package private for testing in the same package, sometimes using the @VisibleForTesting annotation to indicate that the access change is solely for testing purposes like (Private method before testing: private int add(int a, int b){ return a + b; } Package private method ready for testing: @VisibleForTesting int add(int a, int b){ return a + b; } ).
If usage of external libraries is not preferred, you can still use pure standard JDK API to access private methods using reflection as it is deemed good for testing a private method.
Moreover, for testing private methods in Java, the JMockit library offers a tool called Deencapsulation.invoke, which provides a convenient wrapper around reflection calls.
Lastly, in scenarios where it's imperative to test a private method, it will be necessary to widen the access scope of the method so that testing frameworks like JUnit can execute tests on it.


Question: why is there a big delay after entering a wrong password?

Response:
This intentional delay serves as a security measure to prevent rapid, repeated attempts at cracking the system.
It is designed to limit brute force attacks, ensuring that someone cannot repeatedly guess passwords at the maximum speed the system allows.
If the system immediately invalidated credentials upon verification of incorrect input, an attacker could exploit the response time to deduce the correctness of parts of the credentials, significantly reducing the time required for successful guessing.


Question: what is the ideal length of a method for you?

Response:
One recommendation is that functions should generally be short, between 5 to 15 lines.
A method should not be overly complex, but there are scenarios where a long method can be easily maintained.
The primary purpose of a function is to determine its return value.
Methods ought to be kept uncomplicated and succinct, tasked with a singular objective to prevent them from growing too large.
Adhering to the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP) suggests that methods should focus on performing one and only one thing.
A function extending beyond 50 lines of code should at least raise a red flag during code review, for a second look at its complexity and SRP/OCP violations.
Functions should be comprehensible without having to use the scrollbar; the need to do so may hinder understanding of the function's operation.
Although Lines of Code (LOC) are not an ironclad metric for complexity, functions spanning 100 to 200 lines tend to be difficult for others to read and maintain.
The majority of well-designed methods are quite a bit short, on the order of 10-20 lines.
Complexity can sometimes be better addressed by limiting each method to one control structure, with some leniency for multi-dimensional arrays.
Finally, it is advised to aim for no more than one control structure per method, with the exception of however many loops it takes to handle a multi-dimensional array.


Question: ssh-add complains: could not open a connection to your authentication agent

Response:
Try $ ssh-agent /bin/sh and then $ ssh-add [yourkey].
If you're running the C shell (csh) on FreeBSD PI, initiating the ssh-agent can be done with the command eval `ssh-agent -c`.
For Git users on Windows, go to the Git installation directory, C:\$Installation_Folder$\Git\cmd, and execute start-ssh-agent to run the ssh-agent correctly.
Also, if you're performing git operations with sudo, you can start the ssh-agent with superuser rights by running sudo ssh-agent bash, which gives root access and allows operation without the frequent need for sudo.


Question: can i copy by highlighting and paste by middle click on mac os x?

Response:
To copy text by highlighting and pasting by middle-click on Mac OS X, you can explore BetterTouchTool, which allows you to assign a keystroke to the middle mouse button.
After highlighting text in the Terminal, middle-clicking can paste it back without using copy/paste keyboard shortcuts.
Additionally, there's a free C program that achieves a similar result.
Another option is using the ShiftCommandV shortcut or Command + two-finger-click to paste the content from the buffer.


Question: how to conditionally do something if a command succeeded or failed

Response:
Checking the variable $? can inform you about the success or failure of the last run command or function.
For conditional operations in bash, you can directly use the if statement to declare what happens after a command's execution, echoing an outcome based on the command's success or failure.
For simpler tasks following the execution of a command, you may use the "&&" and "||" constructs to execute further commands only if the initial command succeeds or fails, respectively.
In practice, a command followed by && and an echo "OK" or an echo "NOK" using || can succinctly report the outcome of the command.


Question: convince people not to share their password with trusted others

Response:
State immediately that you don't want this information and ask them to type passwords in themselves (if they ask why, say you would rather avoid discussing it).
Or just change the password after you're done helping them, and send them a password reset link.
You could try to educate them by changing it to a strong one.
Remind them that they are responsible for everything that happens using their password, and that it's comparable to handing out copies of their house key.
Maybe the mention of their financial security will be enough to dissuade them.
Explain to them that giving you one password means it's easy to guess the others and that as an IT professional, you use a lot of tools and don't want clutter on your computer.
Convince them to make the password literally be some embarrassing fact about themselves.
One thing you might consider trying is, "If you trust me, then trust me when I say that you shouldn't give your password to ANYONE."
The best idea is to offer them an alternative like using Teamviewer; don't give them the opportunity to give your their passwords by doing tech support in person, never for free over the phone.


Question: how can i convince management to deal with technical debt?

Response:
Ask managers if they would be comfortable leaving their credit card statements unpaid over a long period to illustrate how that incurs high interest and costs.
Instead of referring to the issue as "technical debt," you should change the wording so management understands the negative impact clearly, equating the term to something more similar to a virus rather than an investment.
To make the idea easier for non-technical managers, discussions should be framed in financial terms they comprehend, focusing on the return on investment for efforts made to reduce technical debt.
Lastly, give a financial basis for dealing with technical debt and suggest using frameworks such as technology roadmaps, steering committees, and clear goals to manage and reduce it effectively.


Question: adb backup creates 0-byte file; prompts for current backup password even though i never set one; failed to set password for desktop backup password

Response:
An effective approach you may use is to apply an earlier version of ADB, specifically version 1.0.31, which has been successful for others in similar situations.
Though this also depends on the version of ADB running on your device, An alternative to consider is escaping the spaces in the backup command like this: adb backup -apk\ -shared\ -all\ -system.
For some users, the command "adb backup -all\" worked to initiate the backup process.
In situations where the backup command fails, executing it on ADB version 1.0.31 has proven to be a solution.
Users of ADB 1.0.32 may find that entering a password when prompted on the phone screen allows the backup process to proceed successfully through the Android Backup Extractor.
It is also important to make sure the package names are up to date, as outdated package names can result in unsuccessful backups.


Question: how can i show typing keyboard in record screen

Response:
One method involves using Screenflow, a software that includes this feature and is priced at $99.
Additionally, standalone apps like Keycastr and Mouseposé can be used for the same purpose.
Another alternative is showing the on-screen keyboard, although this results in a different aesthetic.


Question: are ssl certificates case sensitive?

Response: In domain name systems, there is no distinction made between uppercase and lowercase letters, meaning they are not case sensitive.


Question: how to colorize output of git?

Response:
To better handle the color output in git on terminals that support this feature, you should consider using the configuration `git config --global color.ui auto`.
Additionally, if you’re looking to color code your command outputs, the Arbitrary Command Output Colourer can be used, although there might be issues with prompts not displaying for user inputs.
A range of color configurations, such as `color.branch` and `color.status`, can be set globally to automatically apply color to git commands for ease of use and readability.
If you want to view colored diffs, the command `git -c color.diff=always diff [...] | less -R` can achieve that effect.
Lastly, for a more personalized setup in git, you can add a `color.diff` section directly into your `~/.gitconfig` with specific ANSI color codes for new and old changes, adjusting the visual representation to your preference.


Question: why ospf is preferred over eigrp?

Response:
One reason is actually because its more commonly deployed, leading most network administrators to be comfortable using it.
Furthermore, OSPF beats EIGRP  in terms of convergence speed, having more advanced options, supporting extensions like MPLS-TE and GMPLS, and scalability.


Question: hotkey to show hidden files and folders in file open dialog?

Response:
⌘ CMD+⇧ SHIFT+ reveals hidden files in Finder and Open/Save dialogs.
You can also set  ⌘ + H to enable show hidden files.


Question: why we need igp in bgp?

Response:
One reason for using a single routing protocol is for clarity: it eliminates the need to redistribute routes between different protocols.
BGP is necessary to avoid carrying the entire internet routing table in IGP, as protocols like OSPF were not designed to handle a large number of routes.
iBGP is utilized by eBGP routers for the purpose of sharing their routes with one another.
This facilitates internal network communication by allowing eBGP routers to know the routes received by others, thus possibly allowing for transit through your network.


Question: parallelize a bash for loop

Response: A useful technique for executing commands in parallel is to use `cat "args" | xargs -P $NUM_PARALLEL command`, which feeds each line of the "args" file into the command, limiting the execution to a maximum of $NUM_PARALLEL processes at once.


Question: how to disable adobe core sync app on os x from being launched automatically?

Response:
To disable the Adobe Core Sync app on OS X from being launched automatically, the best way is to use launchctl directly or an application like LaunchControl.
Additionally, you can disable the Finder Sync extension associated with the app by navigating to the System Preferences, then to the Extensions pane (grey puzzle piece icon), and unticking Finder under the app name in question.


Question: how can we run a command stored in a variable?

Response:
The safest approach to execute a non-trivial command stored in a variable is to use eval.
With eval, you can write the command in the same manner as you would on the command line, and it gets executed precisely as if you had entered it directly.


Question: is https safe on public wifi?

Response:
The security of HTTPS on public wifi depends on various factors.
In practice, HTTPS is considered entirely safe or fairly safe.
However, its safety is contingent on trusting the certificates that come with your computer and authorizing only those certificates that you trust.
Overall, the use of HTTPS can be considered secure in the context of public wifi.


Question: how to check if there are no parameters provided to a command?

Response: Parameter Substitution is an effective method when your requirement is to exit a script if a specific argument is not provided.


Question: why do we need ipv6?

Response:
The main reason for using IPv6 is that everyone will have available as many public IPs as they need, and all the complexity of using NAT will disappear, plus, in this age of mobile devices, it has explicit support for mobility in the form of mobile IPv6.

IPv6 provides enough public addresses to restore the original IP paradigm, providing lots of addresses and public addresses for every device, and giving the options back that were there before NAT was introduced.


Question: simple command line http server

Response:
To set up a quick web server, you might consider node.js or the nweb tool, which can be compiled using GCC.
You could also use SimpleHTTPServer in Python by setting up a public_html directory and running a command to serve files from this directory on port 8080.
Since version 5.4.0, PHP comes with a built-in web server and allows you to specify the documents directory with the -t flag.
For a more continuous server, a simple netcat loop could be implemented to serve a static file on port 80.
Node also offers a simple and lightweight HTTP server module, installable via npm, which serves the current directory by default.
Alternatively, an Oldschool Ruby WEBrick HTTP server can be used for a simple setup–just be sure to configure the DocumentRoot according to your requirements.
Installing lighttpd on Ubuntu can also set up a basic web server 9`apt-get update apt-get upgrade --show-upgraded apt-get install lighttpd ifconfig http://[your-ip-address]:80 /etc/lighttpd/lighttpd.conf (Edit to add server.port) server.port = "8080"`) with more extensive configuration options available, including setting the port and DocumentRoot.
Ruby provides a one-liner to serve a directory on port 8080 (`ruby -run -e httpd . -p 8080`) and devd is another utility to serve files from the current directory with options for opening URLs in a browser and user authentication 9`./devd -o -a -P devd:devd . -o opens url in browser -a for all interfaces -P auth user/pass .`).
Xinetd can be configured to redirect traffic for web-serving purposes.
Caddy is another web server that can serve content from a specified directory, with the added ability to find the server at a predetermined local URL.
Docker can be used to run Ruby's HTTP server without needing to install Ruby itself by using a docker container and mapping the current working directory: `docker run --rm -i -p 8000:8000 -v $(pwd):/app -w /app ruby:alpine ruby -run -ehttpd . -p8000`.


Question: how can i install the `ll` command on mac os x?

Response:
For macOS, an alias command `alias ll='ls -lG'` should be added to the ~/.bashrc file or the ~/.profile depending on the preferred setup method.
For system-wide applications on all accounts, the alias can be placed in /etc/profile.
On macOS El Capitan, adding the command `alias ll='ls -lGaf'` to ~/.bash_profile and sourcing it is recommended.
Users of macOS with zsh shell should specifically add `alias ll='ls -lG'` to ~/.zshrc.
Moreover, with the introduction of macOS Big Sur, Apple switched the default shell to zsh, meaning aliases like `alias ll='ls -la'` should now be added to ~/.zshrc and the Terminal needs to be restarted for changes to take effect.


Question: how to suspend and resume processes

Response: To suspend or resume a process on your system, you should utilize the kill command.


Question: how do you dive into large code bases?

Response:
Upon engaging in a new codebase, a beneficial approach includes the following steps: initiating a vocabulary sheet, learning the application, perusing available documentation, making assumptions, locating third-party libraries, and finally, analyzing the code.
Pair programming is an exceptionally effective technique, particularly within team environments when introducing new developers to substantial existing codebases.