Question: how does linux handle multiple consecutive path separators (/home////username///file)?

Response: There is no difference: multiple slashes are allowed, but are ignored (without effect), so are equivalent to a single slash.


Question: what does @ signify in unix file permissions?

Response:
The symbol "@" in permissions indicates the presence of extended attributes, which can add additional metadata to a file.
If both extended attributes and Access Control Lists (ACLs) are applied to a file, the "@" symbol will be displayed.
When you see a "+" alongside permissions, it signifies that ACLs, which provide extended security information, are set on the file or directory.
Instructions for managing these attributes on macOS include using the 'ls -le' command to check for ACLs, the 'xattr' command for manipulating extended attributes, and 'chmod' for altering file permissions.


Question: should i disconnect my macbook pros power cord when the battery is fully charged?

Response:
It's unnecessary to detach the battery on your MacBook Pro as it ceases charging once full, and modern Apple batteries are designed smarter than earlier versions.
However, for optimal care of your MacBook's battery, it's advisable not to charge it fully, and instead, you can disconnect it after reaching 90% or more.
Finally, the chemistry of lithium batteries does not necessitate periodic cycling to maintain capacity.


Question: why is fe80::/10 reserved for link local addresses when fe80::/64 is actually used?

Response: The link-local scope was set to /10 simply to "fit in" better with the other scopes, but RFC 4291 explicitly states that only fe80::/64 may be used.


Question: how to monitor file access for an os x application?

Response:
One approach is to use launchd, the main system-level tool for monitoring files.
Programs like Hazel can provide a graphical user interface around launchd to make the process more user-friendly.
Another command-line option is to utilize the lsof command in Terminal.app, which can provide information about open files.
Additionally, you can use the opensnoop command to monitor file access.
Activity Monitor, found in the /Applications/Utilities folder, allows you to inspect processes and view open files and ports associated with them.
If you prefer a more comprehensive solution, Instruments, part of the Apple Xcode development suite, can monitor all file access and writes.
For specific needs, you may also explore iosnoop and iotop.


Question: magic mouse can never reconnect on yosemite

Response:
To resolve Magic Mouse connectivity issues, first, turn off the Wi-Fi, then turn it back on and reconnect the Magic Mouse.
If problems persist, consider changing the device name to avoid spaces and special characters; for example, rename it to something like "mymouse".
In some cases, conflicts between Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals may be causing the problem, so addressing any such conflicts could help resolve the issue.


Question: why doesnt my bash script recognize aliases?

Response:
Shell scripts cannot utilize aliases that are not defined within them.
Primarily because aliases defined in a location like ~/.bashrc are not automatically transferred to scripts like your_script.sh, except when ~/.bashrc is sourced in the script itself, which is generally not recommended despite there being proper methods to do so.


Question: how can i test if a variable is empty or contains only spaces?

Response:
If you need to determine whether a variable is empty, use the code: "${name:?variable is empty}".
Alternatively, to check if a variable, which may include multiple lines, has only spaces, you could use: "[[ $var = *[$" \t\n"]* ]]".
Additionally, you can employ xargs: "[[ -z $(echo $var | xargs) ]]", or use sed: "[[ -z $(sed "/^$/d" <<< $var) ]]" for this purpose.


Question: make the menu bar never show while in full screen

Response:
Some users report that the menu bar on Mac OS X cannot be hidden on command whenever desired because of system limitations.
However, disabling "Displays have separate spaces" in Mission Control can be a partial solution for a multi-monitor environment.
A different approach involves using an AppleScript file named fullscreen.scpt that toggles full screen for applications and removes the menu bar.
Another solution is to import autopy.mouse in Python.


Question: why nginx is called reverse proxy?

Response:
The term "nginx reverse proxy" specifically describes an nginx server that is set to function as a reverse proxy, meaning that it allows incoming external client requests will be forwarded to an internal server.
This role of "reverse proxy" is one of the specific jobs that a particular instance of the Nginx webserver can perform.


Question: password management for kids - whats a good way to start?

Response:
We could focus more on educating the kids about why password management is crucial to do so.
Allowing them to write down their passwords in a notebook and coming up with a fun method for concealing them in case the notebook is lost could be a good option.
Additionally, we could teach them about creating backups and storing them in a secure place.
Suggesting the repeated use of the "forgot password" process as a password management strategy, or using an online family password manager to share passwords securely are other possible techniques.
Moreover, you can impart the skill of developing a strong password pattern as an additional method.
Additionally, guiding them to memorize a strong master password could be beneficial and is achievable even for young children.


Question: what is the difference between 16gb and 32gb?

Response:
Other than cost (for the initial purchase and potentially to repair or replace it) and size, there is no measurable difference in performance, battery life, or other functions between any of the iPhone 5 models for sale.

The only difference is 16 GB of storage capacity.


Question: how do i turn off macbook display when i have an external display?

Response:
Connect a secondary display with the clamshell open, then close the lid after the system recognizes the external monitor.
Another solution involves running the command: sudo nvram boot-args="iog=0x0".
Alternatively, setting the display to 'mirror' and then reducing the brightness of the Mac can prevent losing windows.
Using a third-party application, such as DisableMonitor, is also a viable option that adds the missing feature to disable a monitor on a Mac.
On Sierra OS or later versions, running the command 'nvram boot-args="niog=1"' in recovery mode can accomplish the desired effect.
Pressing Cmd + F1 can switch the display to mirror mode.
For newer MacBook Pro models, you can set the external display as primary display by dragging the menu bar in the Displays setting in System preferences.
SwitchResX is another third-party software that mirrors external displays and turns off the MacBook's built-in display.
Last but not least, Lunar software allows users to mirror one display and darken the one that needs to be turned off with a simple keyboard shortcut.


Question: android calendar widget is not updating?

Response:
To address issues with non-updating apps, ensure that you are not using applications like Greenify to hibernate your apps, as this prevents them from running in the background and updating.
You should clear both the cache and the data for widget apps in settings, and the launcher.
After doing this, set up the widget apps again, and they should function properly.
Additionally, in case of persistent problems, try disabling any battery saving apps that might be interfering with the widgets.
Again, for these apps delete the cache, and app and launcher data.
For Huawei cam L21, specifically, go to Settings > Apps > App of widget > Battery and select the option to keep the app running after the screen is turned off.


Question: android browsers about:debug, what do those settings do?

Response: The option called "Enable GEP Zoom" on the HTC Desire HD is found under Menu > More > Settings, which disables the Text reflow feature and instead uses the standard Google Zoom functionality.


Question: why ospf has area 0?

Response:
The primary function of designating Area 0 as the backbone in OSPF is to maintain a consistent SPF calculation across the network and to avoid the creation of routing loops.
This is achieved by permitting the avoidance of the "counting to infinity" problem commonly associated with distance-vector protocols.
Additionally, by limiting the topology to a simple hub and spoke configuration, OSPF effectively eliminates redundant paths, thereby preventing potential 'count to infinity' issues.


Question: is putty safe to download?

Response: It's nearly impossible to verify that you get a clean copy of PuTTY.


Question: how to view the output of a running process in another bash session?

Response:
Create a named pipe using mkfifo and write to that pipe.
Doing this clears the content once it is read, which means the output isn't preserved.
Alternatively, you can capture all output by writing to a file, which allows for later analysis and ensures that the output is preserved.
Additionally, if you intend to monitor an existing process, you can employ the strace tool with specific parameters to observe the output related to system write calls.
It's worth noting, however, that you might need to execute 'strace -p1234 -s9999 -e write' with root privileges, especially if the process has different user permissions or specific security settings.
Moreover, you can access the output via the proc filesystem using a command like tail -f to follow the standard output or standard error.


Question: what is the difference between a default vlan and a native vlan?

Response:
Ports that have no specific configuration will automatically be assigned to the native VLAN.
This native VLAN is changeable, even though it is set to VLAN 1 by default based on Cisco's factory defaults.
The default VLAN, which is also VLAN 1, is the VLAN to which all access ports are assigned if they are not specifically allocated elsewhere.


Question: how to run a program in a clean environment in bash?

Response:
To execute a command in an isolated environment with cleared variables, you can utilize the command `env: env -i your_command`or `env -i somecommand`.
Another option is to access a minimal login-time environment by using the command "ssh localhost somecommand" for logging in.
It's also possible to initiate a bare but functional bash session by using `env -i bash -l -c "printenv; and any other commands"`, which resembles logging in a non-interactive mode.
For a "clean" bash environment, the command `$ env -i bash --noprofile --norc` can be used, and this prevents bash from reading initialization scripts that would usually set environment variables.
One user says that the problem with most answers here is that env -i clears HOME, so even if you run bash -l on the inside, it won't read your .bash_profile and that to simulate a fresh login shell, you can pass your HOME variable explicitly like `env -i HOME="$HOME" bash -l -c 'your_command'`.


Question: is it a bad practice to store large files (10 mb) in a database?

Response:
It can lead to database file bloat and various performance challenges, especially when performing operations like SELECT * that involve rows with large blobs, even when the blob data is not needed.
Backups may also take longer in such scenarios.
Additionally, the performance impact on the database includes slower SELECT operations with BLOB columns, as they always involve disk access compared to cases without BLOBs, where data retrieval from RAM is possible.
Replication processes can become slow, and replication delays may increase due to the need to push BLOB data to slaves.
An alternative approach is serving files from the filesystem, allowing the webserver to use efficient kernel code like sendfile() on BSD or Linux to directly copy files to the socket.
However, deeming the storage of files in the database as "bad" requires a deeper understanding of specific circumstances and requirements.
Questions to consider include whether the size and number of files will always be small if there are plans to use cloud storage, and the intended use of the files (e.g., serving them on a website or in a binary executable like a Windows application).
While potential problems exist, their impact may vary based on factors such as user volume, making it less problematic for a smaller user base but potentially challenging for a large number of users.


Question: why is the root directory on a web server put by default in /var/www?

Response:
The decision is primarily influenced by historical factors.
The /var directory has traditionally been designated for system data that undergoes frequent changes, such as cache files, logs, runtime data like lock files, mail server storage, and printer spooling.


Question: why does my phone charge so slow on usb?

Response:
Phones charge slower when using a USB, due to the USB connection's specification.
First of all, the USB port of a computer provides a lower voltage and amperage.
A computer USB port is generally limited to 500 milliamperes, or 900 mA for a USB 3.0 port.
A dedicated wall charger, on the other hand, is usually able to provide 1000 mA or more.


Question: how does amazon bill me without the cvc / cvv / cvv2?

Response:
Certain security codes like CVV are not deemed necessary for transactions on platforms like Amazon, as it opts for a faster shopping experience.
For most transactions, the essential information needed for a purchase just includes the card number and, typically, the expiration date.
Merchants may request the CVV when saving a card to verify its legitimacy but are not allowed to store it, due to the risk of incurring heavy fines if discovered by card companies.
Despite this, Amazon willingly pays a higher rate to allow payments without the CVV, relying on the merchant's reputation and low incidence of chargebacks to mitigate risks.
In essence, whether transactions without the CVV are accepted is based on the bank's discretion, which may vary, and some banks might grant exceptions for Amazon, due to its substantial track record.


Question: how to disable full screen animation on os x 10.9

Response:
Unfortunately, on OS X 10.9, there is a built-in animation delay that takes about a second, and you'll need to live with it.
However, if you want to modify the behavior for specific applications, you can edit the Info.plist file for each application intended to run in full-screen mode.
For later macOS versions like Sierra (10.12) and above, you can explore the "Reduce motion" option in System Preferences > Accessibility > Display to potentially mitigate the animation effects.


Question: what is the benefit of compiling your own linux kernel?

Response: By compiling the kernel yourself, you can ensure that it includes only the components that are relevant to your particular computer, which can potentially reduce the size of your kernel and make boot time faster.


Question: when will my device get the android 4.0 update (ice cream sandwich)?

Response:
A list of all known and rumored dates for devices' updates has been provided by the Community Wiki.
For instance, the Google Nexus One will never receive an official update, with an unofficial release being available in October 2011.
The GSM versions of the Google Nexus S for T-Mobile (GT -I9020) and AT&T (GT -I9020A) are rumored to be updated soon.
The HTC Amaze 4G has official updates confirmed for May to June, with an unconfirmed date of June 16th, 2012.


Question: why is video tearing such a problem in linux?

Response:
Screen tearing is often a result of drivers that aren't there yet and the lack of vertical synchronization (vsync) with certain window managers.
Additionally, the X server's architecture, which is outdated and doesn't align well with today's graphics hardware, contributes significantly to the issue.
Experimenting with different drivers and configurations, including Wayland, may alleviate screen tearing, and modern open-source drivers are expected to improve the situation as they evolve.


Question: how to write a very basic compiler

Response:
To start, delve into Intel manuals to gain a comprehensive understanding of linking and loading executable code, COFF and PE formats for Windows (or ELF for Linux), and .COM file formats.
Additionally, familiarize yourself with assemblers and grasp the intricacies of compilers and code generation engines.
For hands-on practice, begin by writing a compiler for Brainfuck.
As you proceed, develop a Lexer to segment the text into tokens, such as words, numbers, and literals.
Construct a top-down recursive descent parser for your chosen grammar, incorporating syntax tree generation into the parsing process.
Finally, implement a machine code generator based on the syntax tree.
For a more practical approach, consider writing the compiler in a language like Python or Ruby, employing simple algorithms that align with your understanding.
While doing so, you can choose to implement different stages of the compiler in various languages.
As a valuable tip, resist the urge to invent your language initially; instead, opt for an existing educational language to streamline the learning process.


Question: how secure are virtual machines really? false sense of security?

Response:
Malware has not yet been able to escape from the confines of a virtual machine (VM) sandbox by exploiting the VM nature to affect the hypervisor.
Virtualization can be very secure when appropriate measures are taken to protect the host machine, and practices such as isolating VM server management and avoiding VM-host interfacing tools are implemented.
However, VMs are not impervious to all security threats, as demonstrated by exploits like VENOM, which may allow attackers to escape a VM and potentially access the host system.
VM security can theoretically be bypassed through various methods, including exploitable weaknesses in the host OS itself, bugs in vendor code, or vulnerabilities resulting from other software on the host.


Question: does anyone knows who is paying for the free (normally paid) android programs on the amazon store

Response:
Developers get nothing for such apps.
No payments are made to or received by developers for apps with a list price of $0.00 as per the updated Amazon developer agreement.
This was a change from the original agreement, where developers were ensured at least 20% of the set price.


Question: git auto-complete for *branches* at the command line?

Response:
You should try to update the git version to the latest, and then it should work.
You will need specific autocomplete scripts for zsh.
Install oh-my-zsh and set zsh as your default shell.


Question: get the chmod numerical value for a file

Response:
You can use: stat YOUR_FILE.

You can get the value directly using a stat output format, e.g. BSD/OS X: stat -f "%OLp" <file>, or in Linux stat --format '%a' <file>, and in busybox stat -c '%a' <file>.

You can try list all stat --format "%a %n" *.


Question: what is aead cipher suite?

Response: AEAD, which stands for Authenticated Encryption with Additional Data, integrates a message authentication code to check the integrity of both ciphertext and any additional authenticated but unencrypted data.


Question: unable to modify the volume with the keyboard

Response:
One hack to fix this that might work is to simply plug a pair of headphones in, then unplug them.
After this you might need to go to "System Preferences" then "Sound" and adjust the slider bar at the bottom, where it says "Output volume".
Another way, might be to simply shutdown the Mac and turn it on again, while rebooting via safe mode might be required too.
One alternative way to adjust the volume is to open the Terminal window and type the command: sudo osascript -e "set Volume 5".
In this command 5 can be set as a higher or lower number to make the volume go up or down.


Question: is it safe to upgrade bash via homebrew?

Response: Brew would install its instance of bash since it works under /usr/local/bin while the system defaults works under /bin and /usr/bin.


Question: a large part of my code has a major design flaw. finish it off or fix it now?

Response:
Aim to complete the current version, ensuring it's functional, even if that means scaling back the initial goals to essential features.
Once you have a working prototype, you can consider rewriting or improving the version as needed, using the first iteration as a learning experience and maintaining motivation.
Similarly, if flaws in your work are not critically problematic, finishing the initial version and addressing the issues later after receiving feedback is often beneficial.


Question: how to bring back multi-touch gestures after it crashes without reboot?

Response:
To recover gestures on your MacBook Pro (MBP), you should press the power button and let the MBP sleep for a short duration, about 5-10 seconds should do it.
This also works to regain the use of multi-touch gestures that crash on a per-app basis and can also be achieved by closing the laptop lid to make it sleep.
A more immediate fix for trackpad issues is to go to settings, then trackpad, and finally disable and then re-enable all scroll and zoom gestures.
If only Mission Control gestures have stopped working, you can run the command 'killall Dock' in Terminal to restore functionality.
Finally, using the command 'sudo killall hidd' works on OSX 10.13.6.


Question: should i intentionally break the build when a bug is found in production?

Response:
When encountering a bug during development, the recommended approach is to fix it immediately if discovered or assign it to the relevant individual without disrupting the entire team's workflow.
The strategy taken may vary depending on the bug's severity, and it's crucial to address any gaps in test coverage that allowed the bug to slip through initially.
The role tests play and their impact on the build process should inform whether a build is allowed to succeed with known defects.
It's generally agreed that breaking the build is not the best practice and is considered a bad idea, as it can obscure subsequent issues and hinder overall development progress.


Question: viewing all iptables rules

Response:
To list the current firewall rules using the -L or --list option, you must specify the appropriate Netfilter table which could be one of filter, nat, mangle, raw, or security.
If you do not specifically indicate a table, it defaults to the filter table, so you can try iptables -t nat -L.
To view the firewall's complete state, it is necessary to invoke iptables on each table successively with the -v option for detailed output.
The -S or --list-rules command also lists all active rules, working even if the service is not running, and defaults to the filter table unless otherwise specified.
For comprehensive lists, commands such as iptables -vnxL or iptables -vnxL -tnat with various table options are used, although some like -traw, -tmangle, and -tsecuriy are seldom needed.


Question: are keyloggers detected by antivirus?

Response:
While anti-malware packages have limitations and may not identify every form of keylogger, they are effective in detecting known ones.
Custom-written malware, including keyloggers, presents a challenge for antivirus software, as it may not be readily detected by conventional antivirus tools.
However, some antivirus solutions are equipped to identify keyloggers.


Question: gpu problem - boot hangs on grey screen

Response:
If the problem is that you're unable to move those files it's probably the System Integrity Protection that's preventing you.
The only real way to fix this problem is to replace the defective AMD chip.
Only the file AMDRadeonX3000.kext really has be absent on boot to enable a successful startup.
In situations where problems arise a second time after an OS X Security update, a series of steps including restarting in recovery mode and running specific commands are recommended: Restart in recovery mode by press&hold Cmd+r Run these commands.


Question: why not use larger cipher keys?

Response:
The RSA key length affects decryption speed significantly, where doubling the RSA key length results in a decryption process that is 6-7 times slower because larger keys require more processing time.
It is repeatedly believed to slow things down unnecessarily.
Going from a 128-bit AES key to 129 bits would double the time required for a brute-force attack.
Specifically for RSA keys, the generation of these keys is especially more costly because it involves finding large prime numbers.
Moreover, an increase in key length leads to the generation of more data, which affects storage space.
If breaking 256-bit keys ever becomes feasible, it would require groundbreaking advances in our physical understanding of the universe, suggesting that such capability is extremely unlikely.


Question: remove all files/directories except for one file

Response:
Use the POSIxly compliant command "find . ! -name 'file.txt' -type f -exec rm -f {} +".
Alternatively, in bash, enable extended pattern matching using "shopt -s extglob" and then remove the files with "rm !(file.txt)".
For users with Zsh, negating the pattern with a caret symbol is possible by enabling extendedglob and using a command such as "rm -- ^file.txt".
Another solution is to preserve 'file.txt' using the command "{ rm -rf * tar -x } <<TAR $(tar -c $one_file) TAR" in a shell that supports here-strings.
A simple directory management process that uses the default behavior of rm (that it won't delete folders) by moving 'file.txt' to a temporary location, deleting the directory, and re-creating it, then moving the file back is also a viable approach.
Additionally, using "ls | grep -v file.txt | xargs rm" can be effective, especially when coupled with the parallel command for filenames containing spaces.
Lastly, the "ls --hide=file.txt | xargs -d '\n' rm" technique provides a straightforward method without special extensions.


Question: is it safe to delete ~/library/caches?

Response:
It is generally safe to delete caches, although in some instances it may carry a small risk.
It is advisable to reboot the system after doing so to ensure stability.
While deleting caches can free up space, it's important to remember that caches are beneficial for performance and should not be removed without a good reason.
In summary, it's ok to selectively delete old caches rather than removing them all at once.


Question: is 30 mbit/s fibre faster than 30 mbit/s copper?

Response: 30 Mbit/s is the same speed, no matter if it runs over copper or fiber; however, encoding for fiber may have less latency, fiber speeds may be more scalable than copper, and fiber losses may be lower.


Question: how do i loop through only directories in bash?

Response:
You can append a slash at the end of the search pattern.
A one-line command in the shell can loop through all directories, including hidden ones, using `for name in */ .*/ ; do printf '%s is a directory\n' "$name"; done`.
To include hidden directories while excluding `.` and `..`, you can enable the shell options `dotglob` and `nullglob`.
For a complete path in each directory listing, use the command sequence `for i in $(find $PWD -maxdepth 1 -type d); do echo $i; done`.
However, be cautious of scripts that do not properly handle the absence of directories, as certain loops may execute incorrectly.


Question: how do i grep recursively through .gz files?

Response:
When dealing with compressed files, employing "shopt globstar" is necessary for iterating over such files.
To recursively grep in .eml.gz files within the current directory, one should utilize the command 'find .-name *.eml.gz -print0 | xargs -0 zgrep "STRING"', while escaping the first * so that the shell does not interpret it.
If you have zgrep available, just use 'zgrep -irs your-pattern-goes-here the-folder-to-search-goes-here/' to search.
Otherwise, you can apply the find command combined with zcat and grep for each file.


Question: what is the difference between iterm2 and terminal?

Response:
iTerm2 is under continuous development, bringing new improvements regularly, as opposed to Terminal which is only updated every few years.
Practically speaking, Terminal's split panes give you two views of the same window, while iTerm2 gives you unlimited independent terminals in one tab.


Question: force the resolution on a headless mac mini server

Response:
To force the resolution on a headless Mac Mini server, you can use the AirDisplay drivers.
Another effective solution is to use SwitchResX, or you can try downloading Display Menu from the App Store (free) and choosing the highest resolution.
For a command-line solution, you can use cscreen from Brew, which is both free and easy to use.
If you prefer a simple method, holding the 'Option' key while pressing the 'Scaled' button in the display settings within System Preferences can achieve the desired resolution.
Additionally, you can explore EasyRes, a free utility available on the Mac App Store.


Question: how to decrease .pdf size without losing quality

Response:
To reduce the size of a PDF with high-quality results, you can add a custom filter by creating a new directory (if you don't have it) and adding a new filter file with a unique name and display name, and changing compression settings and image size accordingly.
If you're using Adobe Acrobat or GhostScript, adjusting parameters can help optimize file size without stripping away important document structures, and if you created the PDF, reducing images without loss before adding them can be highly effective.
Quartz filters are another solution that can be installed via a single command line from sources like GitHub.
The built-in ColorSync Utility on Apple devices also allows you to create custom filters that can address image data size within PDFs.
 To do this, open 'Color sync utility' and choose Filters and Duplicate Filter Set resolutions, and Image Compression as 'Uncompressed', then Go to Export menu.
Alternatively, ImageMagick is a tool that can be used to lower a PDF's resolution, thus reducing its size.


Question: what does to root a phone mean?

Response:
Rooting your phone means acquiring administrative rights on its file system and doing things that a non-administrator user cannot access.
To obtain root (administrator) privileges on a phone means acquiring access to the user with UID 0, akin to having a complete 'System Administration Account'.
With such access, you can do anything like install or uninstall any application or remove "system" apps and overcome limitations set by manufacturers.
It is also considered similar to Jailbreaking in the iPhone realm.
This includes the removal of pre-installed bloatware and allows for customization like overclocking or underclocking the CPU or enabling quick operating system changes with two backups, one for each, through a process called "Nandroid Backup".
Moreover, the technical implementation involves the addition of the 'su' program in the /system/xbin/ folder, which grants user ID switching privileges, usually accompanied by 'superuser' management applications.


Question: tool to quickly hide/blur/redact text in screenshot?

Response:
Skitch is capable of performing the task quickly.
Select the blur tool in the sidebar to blur text or images in Skitch and apply it to your desired area.
facepixelizer.com is recommended for its "intelligent" text blurring feature, which adjusts blurring based on the text's font size and is available as a free online web app.
Moreover, Sketch 3 is highlighted as a brilliant application that allows you to save styles for frequently used settings, like a certain level of opacity and background blur.
For more complex or versatile editing tasks, GIMP is recommended due to its flexibility, and it provides various ways to achieve a blur effect.


Question: computer name keeps changing osx 10.10 (14a389)

Response:
You can address the issue by entering System Preferences, typing 'Computer name' into the search bar, and selecting it to modify the name by deleting any additional numbers that may have appended themselves.
Another is to navigate to System Preferences, then to Energy Saver, and within the "Power Adapter" settings, disable the "Wake for network access" option.
Additionally, PlistBuddy, which is an application for editing plist files, can be used to alter the plist file responsible for the computer name, preventing it from changing.
If you prefer a different approach, delete specific preference files from the SystemConfiguration directory and restart your Mac to address the renaming issue.
A software upgrade to 10.10.1 - build 14B25 or later can also resolve this bug if you're running the initial release version of 10.10.
For those with an AirPort Base Station, the solution may involve opening the AirPort Utility and removing old Apple ID entries associated with Back to My Mac, a step that might correct the renaming problem caused by outdated settings.
Another technical fix is to open the com.apple.discoveryd.plist file with Xcode and include a line that prevents the name change, but this requires saving the changes and restarting your system.
Sometimes, simply reverting the name to its original in System Preferences can be an immediate albeit potentially temporary remedy.
Lastly, if you're looking for a quick, non-invasive fix, run the command "sudo hostname HOSTNAME.local" in the terminal to set the hostname.


Question: how to copy the partition layout of a whole disk using standard tools

Response:
For disk operations on both MBR and GPT partitioned disks, you can employ the `sfdisk` tool.
When saving a partition table, the command `sfdisk -d /dev/sdX > part_table` is used.
To restore a partition table while keeping the same disk and partition IDs, use `sfdisk /dev/sdX < part_table`.
If you want to restore but create new disk and partition IDs, you should remove references to UUIDs and the disk ID from the partition table dump before using `sfdisk /dev/sdY`.
To note, starting with util-linux 2.26, `sfdisk` has been revamped and now relies on libfdisk.
As a default operation, `sfdisk` will replicate the original disk IDs, creating an exact clone rather than just copying the layout.
However, it's important to realize that Linux's /dev/disk/by-uuid/ looks at filesystem UUIDs, though, not UUIDs in the partition table.
Lastly, a preferred method involves the command: sfdisk -d /dev/nvme0n1 | sfdisk /dev/nvme1n1, where /dev/nvme0n1 is the source disk, and /dev/nvme1n1 is the target disk.


Question: how to know number of cores of a system in linux?

Response:
When determining the number of cores and processors in a system, one should consider sockets and cores per socket.
Using the command 'cat /proc/cpuinfo' can provide a detailed output for each core.
Alternatively, the 'nproc' command can be used to obtain this information without requiring root privileges.
To find the number of cores online, one can use the command 'grep -c processor /proc/cpuinfo 8'.
Another method is to execute 'echo $((`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/present | sed 's/0-//'` + 1))'.
The 'getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN' command is also a reliable option, as it is a part of glibc.


Question: are c strings null terminated?

Response:
"C strings" are universally null-terminated, following the convention established by the C Standard Library.
This behavior was codified in C89 and continues to be part of the C language standard.


Question: is xkcd password strength true?

Response:
While it is argued that the approach may not be universally good advice, especially due to length constraints imposed by some websites on passwords, such as Skype, ING, eBay, Binckbank, and KPN, limiting passwords to 20 characters.
Others, however, defend the xkcd advice, emphasizing the importance of using mnemonics that are easy to remember and generating passwords as long as one can remember them.
Nevertheless, skepticism arises as some assert that the xkcd method is no longer considered good advice, with password crackers evolving to counteract this specific technique.
Acknowledging the complexity of the matter, it is emphasized that the effectiveness of the xkcd method depends on various factors.


Question: how to enable os x screen sharing (vnc) through ssh?

Response:
Putty is a recommended SSH client for Windows.
Utilize this client to establish an SSH connection to your remote OS X machine, providing the administrator's login credentials.


Question: can i see my cpu and memory usage meters in the menu bar?

Response:
iStat Menus offers the required functionality and is purchasable for USD 14.39 for one license or $17.99 for a pack usable on up to five Macs.
Another alternative is MenuMeters, valued for its features and, despite being free, accepting donations.
For those preferring customization, Geektool enables the creation of unique geeklets or the use of existing ones from the internet.
SystemPal, contrasting iStat by being quick, tiny, configurable, and powerful, is obtainable in the Mac App Store.
As a free, open-source option, CpuInfo is available on GitHub, though it is limited to displaying CPU information only.
Similarly, iGlance is another open-source alternative.
Another recommendation is Stats, a Simple macOS system monitor for the menu bar, an excellent open-source project installable via Homebrew.
Menu Bar Stats 3 is also recommended as a useful tool.
For those who might not know, the Activity Monitor dock icon can be swapped with a graph detailing CPU usage, CPU history, network activity, or disk activity.
Lastly, eul, admired for its sleek design and configurability with widgets, can be installed through brew or from the Mac App Store.


Question: how to set path for finder-launched applications

Response:
Adding particular configurations like export PATH=some_path:another_path launchctl setenv PATH $PATH to the .bash_profile has been successful for users who were unable to get their desired results with Eclipse on an older OS version.
For Mountain Lion users, modifying the Info.plist of the application has proven to be effective.
However, on Mountain Lion itself, setting the $PATH via launchctl proved futile, and the only effective method was through /etc/launchd.conf, although it applied the path to all users on the laptop.
On Yosemite, use the command sudo launchctl config user path and reboot your machine to become effective.
In macOS Catalina, a user was able to successfully set a customized path across the system by running a script.


Question: how can i use gmail as the default mail client app in mac os x?

Response:
If you use Firefox 3.5 or later, go to Preferences ⌘ and choose the Application pane, find "mailto" in the content type list, and configure your preferences.
Alternatively, you can use Webmailer to set up any Webmail client as the default email client in OS X.
If you're using Chrome, settings can be accessed to search for "mailto", and Gmail can be assigned as the handler.
Additionally, by clicking on a gray diamond in the Chrome address bar and selecting "use Gmail", users can establish Gmail as their default email service.


Question: can hackers access ipad camera?

Response: Yes, it‘s possible, as any app you install can (if you allow it) access the camera.


Question: password dialog appears when ssh private key permissions are set to 0600

Response:
If you relax the permissions on your ssh keys, the system ignores the key.
To use a key without entering a password, either store the password in your keychain or create a password-less private key file.
Remember, using the default ssh-agent in OS X requires entering the passphrase somewhere, but you can avoid the GUI dialog by adding the passphrase directly to ssh-agent.
Ensure you have a public key file, like id_rsa.pub, in your ~/.ssh directory, as not having it can cause issues with keychain’s password remember function.
In cases where the ssh-agent faces issues, a simple reboot might solve the problem.
Possible solutions to key management issues include running ssh-add -K, ensuring correct permissions, and regenerating public keys if necessary.
Sometimes it is necessary to specify the key directly: ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.
It's also important to include the proper ending line when dealing with PEM files.
A step-by-step approach may involve changing directories, removing old keys, generating new ones, adjusting permissions, and adding the key to ssh.
In case you need to regenerate your public keys, these two commands will suffice: chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa.
Lastly, an easy fix in the latest macOS versions involves editing your ~/.ssh/config to enable the UseKeychain option.


Question: how to grep standard error stream (stderr)?

Response: The rc shell is the preferred tool for managing stdout and stderr, where you can discard stdout and pipe only stderr to grep, with a simple syntax.


Question: how can i achieve page-up and page-down in os x?

Response:
The key combinations for page scrolling can vary by keyboard layout and customization: on most standard keyboards, the shortcut is ⌥ + Up/Down arrow keys.
On a Danish keyboard layout, the combination is fn + shift + ↑/↓.
If you're using the KeyRemap4Macbook application, look under the "Change Arrow Up/Down/Left/Right" keys setting to configure shortcuts for page scrolling in certain contexts, for example to make Shift + Page Up or Page Down a shortcut for page scrolling.


Question: are there keyboard shortcuts for home, end, pagedown, and pageup in os x?

Response:
On a Macbook, you can combine the fn key with the arrow keys: fn+↑ corresponds to PageUp, fn+↓ to PageDown, fn+← to Home, and fn+→ to End.
In applications like Safari and many others, the shortcuts ⌘+→ and ⌘+← can be used to move the cursor to the end or the beginning of the line, respectively.
Furthermore, combining CMD + FN with the left or right arrow keys serves for Home and End functions as well, representing yet another way to achieve the same actions.


Question: why do most of us use i as a loop counter variable?

Response:
The letters i and j have typically been used as subscripts in mathematics, which translated into programming languages where these letters default to integer types.
This convention finds its origin in mathematical summation notation and has been reinforced by texts on computation theory.
Additionally, i, j, k are utilized within the Cartesian coordinate system.
A single character "i" for index is ideal and there is no confusion as to what "i" means due to the convention.
The use of 'i' in loops, for instance, is a good choice since it indicates an index or iterator, and 'j' and 'k' naturally follow for nested loops given their sequential order in the alphabet.
In both mathematics, i, j, k were commonly employed to denote indices, such as in summations and matrix elements.


Question: how to play youtube audio in background/minimised?

Response:
Playing YouTube audio in the background or while the app is minimized is currently a challenge or impossible, but background audio is coming in a future release of the YouTube app.
That said, alternative methods can be employed by opening YouTube in a standard browser instead of the app to prevent the video from pausing or stopping, providing a workaround for continuous playback.
Some browsers, like Firefox, offer the ability to request the desktop site, allowing background playback, or Firefox for Android (which YouTube has blocked so you need an extension: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/video-background-play-fix/).
Additionally, using alternative media players such as MX Player or VLC for Android allows background audio playback.
Utilizing the Xposed framework with a module specifically designed for YouTube background playback is another option for achieving this functionality.
Some users have found success by using the play/pause button on headphones while staying on the home screen while playing from a browser.
Installing browsers like Brave (ttps://m.youtube.com use Youtube vanced app https://youtubevanced.com/ use YMusic app use NewPipe app) and enabling the media play background option in site settings can offer a solution, along with using alternative apps like YouTube Vanced, YMusic, or NewPipe.


Question: what actually happens when you swipe an app out of the recent apps list?

Response:
Swiping apps out of the recent apps list on an Android device doesn't have a highly publicized function, but it's compared to quitting the application.
It is similar to pressing the back button until the app closes.
Swiping an app from the recent apps drawer will trigger the onDestroy method and finish() all activities or fragments in the app, akin to what the back button does.
Dianne Hackborn of Google clarified that swiping an app out of the recent list results in killing any background or empty processes associated with the app and notifying any services through the onTaskRemoved API, allowing the app to decide further action.
Ultimately, closing the app removes its data from RAM, increasing available RAM space, but background services are not automatically forced closed.


Question: can i force a cache refresh in safari running on ios?

Response:
To force a refresh in Safari, forcibly quitting the app clears its entire cache, not just for a single page.
For testing purposes in iOS 8, opening the page again after closing it in private mode is effective.
If you wish to reload a specific site's artifacts after editing, returning to Safari and reloading the page will do so.
Furthermore, refreshing on an iOS device using developer tools will get you the updated non-cached version of a page.
In the event you're connected to Apple developer tools, pressing Command + Option + R will refresh the page.
Another unconventional method involves turning off the WiFi, refreshing the page to induce a failure, and then turning the WiFi back on to prompt a refresh.
Lastly, there's an app called DevBrow which clears the cache every website refresh, deletes cookies, and adds random parameters to URLs for a complete reload.


Question: how long does it take to restore icloud backup?

Response: It can take 1-4 hours per Gb to restore from an iCloud backup.


Question: isnt ubuntus system prompt for my password spoofable?

Response:
When interacting with dialog prompts on Linux or Ubuntu, users cannot be certain these prompts are actually from the operating system rather than a deceptive application attempting to gain broader access by requesting the user's password.
Moreover, it is suggested that even legitimate requests for elevated privileges through these prompts should be approached with skepticism, as user consent for application access should not be given lightly.


Question: how are /dev linux files created?

Response: These /dev files, called device nodes, can be created either through the use of the "mknod" command or are generated automatically by the udev system.


Question: what is the advantage of little endian format?

Response: The Japanese date convention, which follows the "big endian" sequence as yyyy/mm/dd, is particularly useful for sorting algorithms since they can compare dates using the standard string comparison where the first character holds the most significance.


Question: what are emulated files on android?

Response:
An emulated file system is an abstraction layer on actual file system and it serves two purposes.
One, to retain USB connectivity of Android devices to PCs.
Two, to restrict unauthorized access of apps and processes to user's private media and other apps' data on the SD card.
To find these files, you can look in the path: /storage/emulated/0/Download.
On Android 5, specifically, they are located in: /sdcard >S> /storage/emulated/legacy >S> /mnt/shell/emulated/0 /mnt/shell/emulated >E> /data/media.


Question: how can i get the size of a file in a bash script?

Response:
Use the command `ls -l filename` to access information about a file, including its file size, permissions, and owner.
For a more human-readable format indicating disk usage, `du -h filename` is preferred.
On GNU systems, to get precise file size in bytes, the command `stat --printf="%s" file.any` can be used as per the manual's indication.
In Unix systems, a POSIX-compliant approach to find the file size in kilobytes is to combine `du -k` with `cut -f1`.
Alternatively, the `wc -c "$filename" | awk '{print $1}'` command is also viable, especially when input is redirected to avoid filename display issues.
This method for byte count can also be achieved with `wc -c < "$file"` and assigned to a variable.
Most Linux distributions now ship with a blockdev command that can make use of it: blockdev --getsize64 -- "$device_file", for instance (still on Linux): lsblk -bdno size -- "$device_file" Should work except for empty devices.


Question: how is an atm secure?

Response:
Physical locks can dissuade some thieves, while those willing to exert force to access the money may be discouraged by the risks involved when compared to less risky criminal activities.
Many ATMs have alarms and are often bolted or chained on location to deter theft by physically moving the machine.
Moreover, security features such as embedded security cameras, internal alarms, and secure placement in small, constructed rooms are utilized.
ATMs are designed to be tamper-resistant and to react to any detected security breaches, which may include marking bills with ink that is difficult to remove.
The ATMs' interior components are housed within a heavy safe, and their location in a well-trafficked public area provides additional security, as physical attacks require time or machinery that would draw attention.
ATMs are also secured with measures such as dynamite-proofing and ink-splattering to prevent the cash from being usable if the ATM is compromised.
Mechanisms are in place to alert the police in the event of tampering, and any ports on the ATM may be secured to allow only authorized devices through.
Additionally, ATMs may be equipped with content-destruction devices like paint sprayers, to further protect the cash within.


Question: how is the wannacry malware spreading and how should users defend themselves from it?

Response:
Malware can infect a device through various means like a link click or opening an email attachment, and exploit vulnerabilities like ms17-010.
WannaCry attacks exploited an SMBv1 execution vulnerability in Microsoft Windows OS, which was patched by Microsoft on March 14 and made public on April 14, 2017.
To avoid these attacks, make sure that all Windows-based systems are updated with the latest patches.
The ransomware uses a known vulnerability in SMBv1 (Server Message Block Version 1) protocol, that is publicly disclosed.
Environments that don't support SMBv1 are safe and Microsoft provides instructions to disable SMBv1 support for those running Windows 8.1 or Windows Server 2012 R2 and later.
While installing vendor patches is advisable, it's important to be aware that the malware conducts a DNS check upon activation.
Monitoring network activity for new infections can be done using a command like this on a Linux/Unix system, which detects a very long string as a domain component in DNS queries.
It is crucial to be aware of the existence of fresh versions of Wannacry, referred to as Wannacry v2, which are suspected to have different authors.
Consider blocking inbound connections on port 445/TCP as a preventive measure against the Wannacry malware.
The attack is a combination of phishing/ransomware and worm-like spread within target networks, with Windows servers typically protected by firewalls.
Linux machines running Wine are also vulnerable to WannaCry infection, as highlighted in a Twitter post.
US-Cert recommended blocking SMBv1 on January 18th, 2017, with comments suggesting Windows XP support continues due to the NHS paying Microsoft.
A new version of "WannaCry" reportedly bypasses the kill switch.


Question: how does google know where i am?

Response:
If you have Location History turned on, Google estimates your location using your web browser's location information and your phone's location.
Google uses BSSID information from your WLAN Access Point to approximate your location, even without GPS and Wi-Fi.
Google also utilizes data from the billion Android phones, sending reports of GPS locations and cell tower signal strengths they encounter to map cell tower locations and approximate signal strengths, aiding in estimating your position.
Google might not know your current location but may have a record of your last active locations before you switch off connectivity features.


Question: what is the square icon on my iphone?

Response: The icon represents an active AirPlay session, which is Apple's technology to mirror screen content from one device to another.


Question: what functionality do marks offer in the el capitan terminal?

Response:
Marks in the Terminal, which began with OS X 10.11 - El Capitan, have functions related to, but distinct from, Bookmarks.
They are classified as lightweight or second-level bookmarks, which allow users to not only mark positions within the Terminal window but also to navigate back to these marked locations later on.


Question: is it normal for auditors to require all company passwords?

Response:
The consensus of opinion is that this is neither normal nor professional.
Engaging with a security company for penetration testing requires careful considerations that are not evident in the described situation.
It is not recommended to proceed with this company since such behavior casts doubt on their professionalism, as a legitimate pentesting process should never start without a comprehensive contract or NDA in place.
Prior to any penetration test there should be a Scoping and Rules of Engagement document(s) that is signed by both parties.
Additionally, the request for sensitive information without the appropriate legal framework is abnormal and potential grounds for terminating any agreements.
Furthermore, a responsible security company shouldn't need any more of the requested information to perform a pentest and should stop you from providing it.
If this is supposed to be a black box test, they should not get or require any passwords.
If you're not a CEO or CTO, it's crucial not to give the auditors any passwords.


Question: is adblock (plus) a security risk?

Response:
The campaign by GMX against ad blockers is not justified, as they falsely claimed there was a security risk when there was none.
AdBlock is more inclined to preserve user privacy rather than compromise it.
The real danger is malicious ads that trick users into installing harmful software.
Currently, the AdBlock extension is safe, and the potential risk of its update, including malicious code is minuscule.
While all software bears some risk, AdBlock (Plus) could be considered a potential security threat.
There is an inherent risk in modifying web page contents, which ad blockers like AdBlock do, and ad blockers can decrease anonymity as well, potentially leading to security breaches.
Any remote updatable software inherently contains a 'backdoor' for updates, even if it is locked down to specific "trustworthy" update URLs, yet AdBlock Plus is not malicious; security is ultimately in the hands of the user.


Question: how do i display log messages from previous boots under centos 7?

Response:
Using the command `systemctl restart systemd-journald` will restart the systemd-journald service, but you may lose your logs.
To prevent issues with log file permissions, it's crucial to ensure that the `systemd-journald` group owns the journal directory.
After creating the directory with `mkdir /var/log/journal`, you should run `systemd-tmpfiles --create --prefix /var/log/journal` to correctly set the group and setgid bit on the journal directory, as this is not automatically adjusted by `systemd-journald` after version 208.


Question: how to move apps to sd card in samsung s duos?

Response:
For Android 4.x devices, such as the Duos, you can move apps to the SD card by navigating to Settings→Apps→Manage Apps, then scrolling to the app you want to move, and tapping the "Move to SDCard" button.
However, if the button is grayed out, the app in question cannot be moved to the SD card.


Question: how do keyboard input and text output work?

Response:
First, the key press event is transmitted from the keyboard hardware to the application.
Subsequently, during the processing phase, the application determines that, for example, because the key "A" was pressed, it needs to display the character "a".
Finally, in the output stage, the application issues the command to display "a" on the screen.


Question: why am i still getting a password prompt with ssh with public key authentication?

Response:
To troubleshoot persistent password prompts with SSH using public key authentication, ensure proper permissions on the ~/.ssh directory and its contents, including the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file, on the remote machine.
The `Your home directory ~, your ~/.ssh directory and the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys` must be writable only by you, with the private key file on the local machine being readable and writable only by you.
Challenges may arise if the home directory on the remote machine lacks correct privileges; verify and adjust accordingly.
Check the /etc/selinux/config file on the remote machine and change SELINUX to disabled from enforcing to resolve passwordless SSH issues.
Execute the commands `ssh-keygen` and `ssh-copy-id -i root@ip_address` to generate and copy the SSH key, respectively.
Verify that the AuthorizedKeysFile in the sshd_config file points to the correct location; Uncomment the line if necessary.
If the account is locked, reset the user's password to resolve the issue.
In cases involving Hadoop Cloudera installation, SSH problems may occur; investigate and address this specific context.
Inspect and edit the sshd_config file on the server to rectify SSH misconfigurations.
Ensure correct ownership of the home directory on the server system.
Address SELinux ACL issues when files are created by verifying proper ACL settings.
Switch from authorized_keys2 (deprecated) to the updated version; Adjust the sshd_config file accordingly.
Modify the OpenSSH configuration by setting PasswordAuthentication and UsePAM to "no".
Reload the SSH keys to the agent using `ssh-add` if switching the default RSA key is necessary.
Check for directory permission issues, especially at the root level.
Examine permissions in the ~/ssh folder on both the client and server machines.
Verify /etc/ssh/sshd_config on the server to ensure that RSAAuthentication, PubkeyAuthentication, and UsePAM options aren't disabled.
Recognize that newer OpenSSH versions may not accept DSA keys by default.
Investigate and resolve any directory permission issues contributing to the problem.


Question: why should i offer http in addition to https?

Response:
You don't have to, but offering a redirect to HTTPS from all HTTP URLs improves usability, noting that your HTTP server only needs to respond with the redirects.

Supporting HTTP supports the default behavior of browsers and backward compatibility.

You'll sacrifice usability without a major impact on security if you completely shut off HTTP, but preloading your website is an alternative, which means you register your domain with the browser vendors so they will hard-code their browsers to visit your website via HTTPS only; if a user attempts to access your website over HTTP the browser will change the request to HTTPS.


Question: whats the difference between eval and exec?

Response:
The 'exec' command is used to replace the current shell process with a new one and handle stream redirection or file descriptors if no command has been specified.
The 'eval' command on the other hand is used to evaluate strings as commands.
Although both `exec` and `eval` can be utilized to construct and execute commands with runtime-known arguments, only `exec` replaces the current shell process.


Question: is ghidra better than ida?

Response:
This is largely subjective, but Ghidra is free and open-source on GitHub, including the decompiler.
IDA on the other hand is very expensive, particularly when you start adding the decompiler licenses.
IDA supports some architectures that Ghidra doesn't, and vice versa.
Additionally, IDA has a debugger, whereas Ghidra does not.


Question: how can i argue against: system is unhackable so why patch vulnerabilities?

Response: You can argue that you want a multi-layered security strategy with defense in depth, and consider the business impact of the worse-case scenario if your firewall has a security vulnerability, in terms of costs due to lost revenues, legal/regulatory fines, or damage to the company's image in the industry.


Question: how do i launch finder from terminal or command line

Response: To open a specific directory in Finder using Terminal, you need to type the command 'open' followed by the directory name.


Question: what scale or measure does mavericks and yosemites memory pressure adhere to?

Response:
Memory pressure isn't a simple gauge of percentage of memory free and the sysctl value of vm.memory_pressure is calculated in relation to a computed target.
The absolute counters are viewed using the vm_stat command line tool to inspect detailed allocation of virtual memory.
Memory pressure is a metric used by the kernel (xnu) with a dedicated thread called memory_status.
On Mavericks, pressure events and the memory pressure gauge can be viewed with tools like Process Explorer for OS X.
Memory pressure is defined by two counters Mach keeps internally: vm_page_free_count and vm_page_free_target, which indicate the current and optimal free pages of RAM respectively.
These can be accessed via the sysctl command.


Question: how should i securely type a password in front of a lot of people?

Response: Some options you have are: tell them politely to look away; create a new junk email account for work; use two-factor authentication; place a blanket over you and/or the computer; store your password in KeePass; use the auto-type/AutoHotKey or a plugin to enter the password or parts of it automatically; rotate it regularly; learn to use the Dvorak keyboard layout; use a YubiKey to store a fixed string; buy a simple fingerprint scanner or use a laptop with fingerprint scanner; bring in your own laptop, tablet or phone to access your email; use an email client that stores your password; use a device that requires a pin, fingerprint or eye reading to unlock; fake a few extra key-presses between the real ones, by putting your finger on the key but not pushing it; cover up a small section of the keyboard with your other hand while typing;  use technology called OTP (One-Time Password), such as the S/Key implementation, which allows you to type in a password onto a trusted device; login using keypairs via an ssh tunnel or similar; or use very strong passwords and learn to type them at high speed.


Question: what characters do i need to escape when using sed in a sh script?

Response:
When constructing a sed expression and you do not need to interpolate shell variables, it is advised to enclose the entire expression in single quotes to ensure the contents are interpreted literally by the shell.
For expressions requiring variable interpolation, only the variable part should be in double quotes to prevent the shell from misinterpreting certain characters.


Question: what is wa in top?

Response: In top, "wa" stands for "time spent waiting on I/O peripherals", for example a disk.


Question: how can i add a shortcut to a particular google drive document to my android homescreen?

Response:
For Android 3.0 and below, you can add a shortcut to your document by pressing and holding on a blank area of your launcher, then clicking "Shortcuts", and then selecting "Drive Shortcut".
In Android 4.0 and above, you can locate "Drive Shortcut" in the Widgets section of your app drawer, long-press it, and then place it on your desktop.
An alternative method involves copying the document's link from Google Drive, pasting it into a web browser, and then adding the page to your homescreen.
Additionally, the Drive app allows you to add a document to your homescreen by clicking "add to homescreen" via the context menu.
As of August 2016, Google Drive has introduced an "Add homescreen shortcuts to your favorite files" feature.


Question: is xfce still being developed?

Response:
The Xfce project continues to be actively maintained and developed.
Internal projects within Xfce have had updates, with Thunar updated in October 2018 and Ristretto in August 2018.


Question: is there any way to view saved wifi passwords on the iphone?

Response:
If you have a jailbroken iPhone, you can explore the Wifi Passwords tweak available on Cydia, which provides a direct method for accessing saved passwords on your device.
Unfortunately, for non-jailbroken iPhones, direct access to this information is not possible.
Alternatively, if you have a Mac connected to the same network, you can retrieve the stored password from its Keychain using the Keychain Access app.
It's worth noting that, as of iOS 11 (beta), there seems to be a potential method involving requesting the password from another device via Bluetooth.


Question: what is the difference between a function and a feature?

Response: "Function" is the purpose, and "Feature" is a product behavior that a user can interact with.


Question: how do i increase sudo password remember timeout?

Response:
When dealing with sudoers, the manual can be accessed in the terminal via the command 'man sudoers'.
Although you can use simple text to edit files, the permissions are set to make this challenging, reflecting the importance of this file to system security.
You can edit the sudoers file using vi, emacs, or BBEdit.
Moreover, by running 'sudo visudo' and adding the line 'Defaults timestamp_timeout=-1', you can ensure that the sudo password never times out.
This command also checks for syntax errors before saving changes, alerting the user to correct any mistakes.


Question: how do you calculate the prefix, network, subnet, and host numbers?

Response:
Calculate the prefix by backing into the number of host bits required to contain 100 hosts.

To find the maximum number of hosts, look at the number of binary bits in the host number.

Maximum Number of hosts = 2(32 - netmask_length) - 2, where 2 is subtracted because the all-ones and all-zeros host numbers are reserved, the all-zeros host number being the network number, and the all-ones host number is the broadcast address; using the example subnet of 128.42.0.0/21 above, the number of hosts is given by, Maximum Number of hosts = 2(32 - 21) - 2 = 2048 - 2 = 2046.


Question: is there an imessage client for windows?

Response:
Official iMessage clients are exclusively available for iOS and OS X as of May 2016, and there are no official iMessage clients for Windows.
However, if your iOS device is jailbroken, you have the option to purchase the Remote Messages tweak from Cydia for $3.99 and use iMessage via a web interface from anywhere.


Question: how to buy an app for a friend?

Response: Google Play Gift Cards have become widely accessible in numerous countries, which enable you to buy an app for your friend or relative.


Question: why ocaml is not popular?

Response:
Some attribute its lack of popularity to too many people being taught ML as part of an introduction to odd and confusing theory about types.
Additionally, there is a prevailing notion that OCaml is primarily an "education-only" language, restricting its adoption in professional development.
The presence of a garbage collector in OCaml is cited as a factor contributing to its inherent nondeterministic nature.
Practical issues also play a role, with inadequate tool support being a significant hindrance.
The debugger's limited functionality, especially on Windows, and a scarcity of development tools contribute to challenges in OCaml adoption.
Another crucial aspect is the absence of a sustained effort to propel OCaml into the mainstream, preventing it from gaining wider recognition and usage.
The perception that OCaml isn't immediately useful "out of the box" contributes to its limited appeal.
Some find the cost/benefit analysis of OCaml disadvantageous.
The unclear cost model and difficulty in predicting performance further add to the challenges faced by potential users.
The OCaml community's failure to develop a comprehensive standard library is considered a significant drawback.
For some, it is a problem of developers not feeling comfortable with the functional way of doing things.
A lack of tutorial information, poor Windows support, and a steep learning curve have collectively impeded OCaml's adoption.
Additionally, the functional programming paradigm, which OCaml embraces, is not inherently intuitive for many developers, as procedural programming dominates initial learning experiences.
There is a political problem: OCaml's developers do not have the resources available for a robust library, but they are unwilling to release control of the product to the community which does have these resources.
Lastly some say that the problem with OCaml is not the language but the people who develop it, and by extension, a license problem (using the Q Public license for the compiler).


Question: what is the difference between routing and forwarding?

Response:
forwarding is used to describe moving any protocol across the network, while deciding which exit interface to use to send the packet to its next hop.
Routing is the process of forwarding packets at L3 of the OSI model.


Question: what is ge in unix?

Response: The comparison operator `ge` represents "greater than or equal" in the context of comparing integers.


Question: is it always a best practice to write a function for anything that needs to repeat twice?

Response:
It's not always a best practice to refactor code into separate methods solely based on repetition; factors like improving code clarity and modularity should be considered.
Deciding when to create a function will depend on the actual function.
Although it's one factor in deciding to split off a function, the number of times something is repeated shouldn't be the only factor.
It is recommended to use the rule of three: the third time you need the same thing, refactor it into a properly sharable piece, which helps with both readability and manageability.
If it makes the code easier to read, then consider creating a function.
Only refactor when there's meaningful task separation and potential code co-evolution, ensuring changes remain consistent across function uses.
In essence, enhancing readability should be a primary driver when splitting code into a function.


Question: how to combine 2 -name conditions in find?

Response:
You can use: find /media/d/ -type f -size +50M ! \( -name "*deb" -o -name "*vmdk" \).

Using a negated -regex, you can use:- find ./ ! -regex '.*\(deb\|vmdk\)$'.

You can use regular expressions as in: find /media/d -type f -size +50M ! -regex '\(.*deb\|.*vmdk\)'.

Finally, try: find /media/d/ -type f -size +50M -and ! -name "*deb" -and ! -name "*vmdk"; you can combine the following logic operators in any sequence: -a -and (the operator AND); -o -or (the operator OR); ! (the operator NOT).


Question: technology that can survive a rubber-hose attack

Response:
Making a system secure against people being tortured may be accomplished by using keyfiles, rather than a phrase that someone memorizes, or require more than one person to be party during the process, or use deniable encryption and verifiable destruction.

Another approach is to use public/private key encryption, where you encrypt a file with the public key provided by an anonymous third party, who alone can decrypt the file.


Question: how to define tab delimiter with cut in bash?

Response:
Simply press Ctrl+V and then Tab to use "verbatim" quoted insert.
To extract the second field based on spacing in a file, use the cut command with -f2 -d' ' for normal spaces or -f2 -d$'\t' for tab spaces.
Alternatively, use awk with -F '\t' and print $2 to extract the second tab-delimited field from each line in a file.
You may also use tr to change delimiters into an easily specified format for cut, for instance, by converting tabs to spaces and then using cut -d' ' -f2.


Question: can huawei mediapad make phone call?

Response:
Generally, tablets without a call functionality cannot be used to receive calls.
The SIM card slot in such devices is intended only for accessing mobile data services.
Furthermore, while there is no app to enable GSM, you can use Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP).


Question: how to know whether wayland or x11 is being used

Response:
To restart the Xorg environment without losing your current windows and processes, you should run the 'r' command in the Alt+F2 menu.
If you are using Wayland, this command will not work and instead will display a message indicating that restart is not available.
A straightforward way to determine if you're running on Wayland is to check if the WAYLAND_DISPLAY variable is set.


Question: should utf-16 be considered harmful?

Response:
UTF-16 should not be considered harmful.
However, contrasting views argue that UTF-16 should indeed be considered harmful.
Some argue that the very reason UTF-16 exists is because some time ago there used to be a misguided belief that WideChar is going to be what UCS-4 now is.
Additionally, the harmfulness of UTF-16 is tied to issues with exercising code.


Question: when is it not appropriate to use the dependency injection pattern?

Response:
Making your project maintainable and testable may not always appear beneficial, especially if there's no immediate gain from these efforts.
In applications that are frequently started and run briefly, like a mobile app, using a dependency injection (DI) container might not be desirable.
For instance, when creating disposable code intended for short-term use, such as prototypes, the advantages of dependency injection (DI) might not be realized.


Question: using sed to find and replace

Response:
To effectively use "sed" for search and replace functionalities, it's important to employ both the -i and -e options.
The correct sequence involves -i to edit files directly and -e to specify the substitution command.
An example of a sed command to replace text would be 'sed -i 's/fea/asd/g' hello.txt', which performs a global substitution in place within the file.


Question: how can i find the implementations of linux kernel system calls?

Response:
Not all system calls involve the VFS, which means their call chains in the kernel do not necessarily begin in fs/namei.c. mmap(2), as is the case with mmap(2) which starts in mm/mmap.c.
System calls are often encapsulated within the SYSCALL_DEFINEx() macro, resulting in their names not being easily searchable via simple grep due to macro expansion; for example, SYSCALL_DEFINE2(mkdir) ultimately becomes sys_mkdir.
To locate the true kernel implementation of a system call like mkdir, searching both the kernel sources and the system calls is necessary.
A useful resource for exploring Linux kernel sources is the Linux cross-reference (LXR), which provides more in-depth search results than grep and is notably faster.


Question: combine the output of two commands in bash

Response:
You can combine two commands by grouping them with { }, for example: { command1 & command2; }.

Try: paste $(node ~/projects/trunk/index.js) $(python ~/projects/trunk/run.py run) > outputfile.

You can use either a subshell or command grouping, and redirect the output of the whole group at once, thus: Code: ( command1 ; command2 ; command3 ) | cat { command1 ; command2 ; command3 ; } > outfile.txt.

Consider these programs: cmd1() { perl -e 'while(1) { print "a"x3000_000,"\n"}' } export -f cmd1 cmd2() { perl -e 'while(1) { print "b"x3000_000,"\n"}' } export -f cmd2; when running those in parallel you want the output to have full lines of as followed by full lines of bs, not as and bs mixing on the same line, which is better achieved using GNU Parallel instead.

Here's a recipe to run each command in turn, removing any newlines between their outputs: (echo 'ab' && echo 'cd' && echo 'ef') | tr -d '\n' >>> abcdef.

Alternatively, cat <(command1) <(command2) <(command3) > output.txt; a real life example: cat \ <(curl https://stackoverflow.com/humans.txt) \ <(echo -e "\n\nDownloaded from https://stackoverflow.com") \ > output.md.


Question: password hashing: add salt + pepper or is salt enough?

Response:
The effectiveness of using a "pepper" in password hashing schemes depends on the context and may not always enhance security due to the increased complexity it introduces.
While peppers can add to the strength of password hashes when a database is compromised but the application is not, e.g., during an SQL Injection Attack, this security is contingent on the pepper remaining unknown to the attacker.
The advantage of a pepper arises as long as the attacker has access to the hash values in the database but not to the server-side pepper.
However, if the pepper length is sufficient, it can improve security.
The practicality of securing a pepper value highly depends on the server setup and may require specialized hardware, which could raise costs.
Notably, current guidelines from authoritative bodies like NIST Draft recommend the use of pepper in digital identity verification to counteract dictionary attacks.


Question: how to remove chrome app icons from launchpad?

Response:
You can open Finder and navigate to Go/Go to Folder(⇧⌘G), then paste in: ~/Applications/Chrome Apps.localized and delete the apps from there.
Alternatively, you can use the command sqlite3 /private/var/folders/your_db/db/db "delete FROM apps WHERE title='Google Drive';" to delete the icons.
Another method involves clicking on Finder from the dock, using the search bar to find each app by name, and dragging the corresponding icons to the trash.
If you go to Finder, open your home folder, navigate to "Applications," and find a folder named "Chrome Apps," you can either delete the entire folder or remove the apps one by one and they will be removed from your Dashboard.
Additionally, you can delete the apps from Launchpad and the Dock menu by dragging them out and then right-clicking, selecting 'Options,' choosing 'Open in Finder,' and finally moving them to the trash.
For a terminal-based approach, open the Terminal and enter the command: rm -r /Users/$USER/Applications/Chrome\ Apps.localized/.


Question: why have private fields, isnt protected enough?

Response:
Private fields are deemed necessary due to their role in providing safeguards, ensuring that the data remains as the original coder expected.
While protected variables might seem like an intermediate option, they do not genuinely protect the class's internal details and still allow complete modification to the implementation.
Protected gives you very little more than public as they lend themselves to unintentional abuse, whereas private gives you a real improvement.
As far as a base class is concerned, protected does not give you any more protection than public, because nothing is stopping a derived class from creating a public getter/setter that behaves like a backdoor.


Question: can zsh run bash scripts?

Response:
Scripts that start with the shebang #!/bin/bash will execute using bash, irrespective of whether your default shell is zsh.
No, if you use zsh, you might encounter syntax differences from bash, and you'll need to be aware of the unique features and limitations of each shell.
It's also possible to switch between bash and zsh if needed for compatibility or preference.


Question: how to make log-rotate change take effect

Response:
logrotate uses crontab to work; it's scheduled work, not a daemon, so there is no need to reload its configuration.

Simply run the script as root: $ sudo /etc/cron.daily/logrotate; running logrotate + the path to its configuration file.

For global logrotate: sudo logrotate -v -f /etc/logrotate.conf.

You could try: logrotate /etc/logrotate.d/nginx, and then check if logrotate takes care of the new nginx config like this: cat /var/lib/logrotate.status.


Question: can i open files in textedit from the terminal in mac os x?

Response:
To open a file in TextEdit on a Mac, using the command `open -a TextEdit filename` works effectively.
Other options for opening files include using -t for the default editor and -e to force open a file in TextEdit specifically.


Question: do you get a notification when someone joined whatsapp?

Response: Contacts are not automatically notified when you add them, they will only know if you send them a message.


Question: temporarily suspend bash_history on a given shell?

Response:
To stop saving commands in bash history, you can `unset HISTFILE`, will prevent the history from being saved you may want to toggle it off and then back on again: `Turn Off set +o history` `Turn on set -o history`.
You may also use `HISTCONTROL="ignorespace"`, which stops commands that start with a space from being recorded.
The bash history can also be managed by using HISTCONTROL, i.e., `$ bash # open a new session`, to ignore commands starting with space, and by unsetting HISTFILE to avoid saving them entirely.
Another method is to start a new bash session that won't save its history or simply put whitespace or tab before a command.
Lastly, exporting HISTFILE to /dev/null ensures no history is saved.


Question: how can i prove to an airline that the ipad mini they found is the one i left on the plane, without giving them the passcode?

Response:
Firstly, if your iPad has a custom lock screen message, set it to lost mode with your contact information displayed.
Having a contact number actually embedded in the picture on your lockscreen makes getting in touch very simple.
Additionally, provide them with your iPad's serial number, which is visible on the back of the device.
Describe any unique features on the lock screen, especially if you have a custom photo or image.
If you've set up a Medical ID or Apple Pay on the device, these could also serve as additional proof of ownership.
Lastly, if you've given your iPad a custom device name, ask the airline to connect it to a computer; it should display the device name in iTunes.


Question: how can i send stdout to multiple commands?

Response:
There are a number of approaches to send stdout to multiple commands, such as capturing the command STDOUT to a variable and re-using it as many times as you like: `commandoutput="$(command-to-run)" echo "$commandoutput" | grep -i errors echo "$commandoutput" | pbcopy`.
You can also use tee and process substitution: `cat file.txt | tee >(pbcopy) | grep errors`, which will send all the output of cat file.txt to pbcopy or create multiple pipes and specify each of them as one output of tee.
Alternatively, you can play with process substitution, with two binaries which have the same output from `mycommand_exec as their process specific input: mycommand_exec |tee >(grep ook > ook.txt) >(grep eek > eek.txt) grep`.
Furthermore, you can redirect the output to temporary files, and send those files to commands in loop, which can be useful when the order of executed commands may be of importance.


Question: do aspx pages need to be compiled?

Response: Yes, if you utilize ASP.NET precompilation of your ASPX/ASCX files or not it is still being compiled.


Question: count total number of occurrences using grep

Response:
When counting the occurrences of 'needle' in a file, you can use the command `grep -o 'needle' file | wc -l`; however, this might also count other variations such as 'needles' or 'multineedle'.
A better way to precisely match single occurrences of the word 'needle' is to use one of the following commands: grep -ow 'needle' file | wc -l grep -o '\bneedle\b' file | wc -l grep -o '\<needle\>' file | wc -l.
An alternative command for counting instances of 'needle' with GNU grep is `grep -o needle | wc -l`.
In the scenario where one needs to find each occurrence of "thing1" or "thing2" exactly once, the command `grep -E "thing1|thing2" -c` would be appropriate.


Question: is there a way to mute sound from one application on macos?

Response:
Audio Hijack Pro is an application that allows you to mute sound from any other application.
Hear is a systemwide audio program that does mixing, equalization, etc.
Volume Mixer, a program which is accessible with the Mac menu bar, is recommended as easy to learn and simple to use, offering straightforward features like application muting and volume control.
Additionally, BackgroundMusic is an open-source application that provides per app volume control on OSX10.10+.


Question: why dp is not visible in whatsapp?

Response:
If it's just one contact then it's possible they simply removed their profile picture.
If it's happening to multiple contacts, then the image cache of the app may be corrupted.
It could also be the result of a recently applied backend app, which effects contacts in your phone that don't have your number saved as a contact.
It's also possible that the individuals in question have changed their privacy settings, thereby restricting their information to either 'Nobody' or only to people saved in their contacts as 'My Contacts' and you are not saved as a contact.


Question: how to check which gpu is active in linux?

Response: The command 'nvidia-smi -L' is used to display a list of GPUs installed on a computer.


Question: what is difference between class variable and instance variable?

Response: Instance variables have separate values for each instance of a class, whereas class variables maintain a single shared value.


Question: why isnt linux embraced as the official gnu kernel?

Response:
GNU will not adopt something as a project unless the developers agree to certain stipulations, which bind all official GNU projects; there is nothing for Linus Torvalds, kernel.org, et al. to gain from placing themselves under the GNU umbrella.

There are deep ideological differences between the GNU project and the Linux kernel projects, which gets in the way of a possible unification; the focus of the FSF, the organization behind the GNU Project, is on ideological purity with respect to the idea of free software, while the Linux kernel project has a much more pragmatic stance on software freedom.

While it is said that Linux was not at all portable,  Linux is becoming more and more a place where large corporates are investing real money and time.


Question: hosting company advised us to avoid php for security reasons. are they right?

Response:
Using PHP for web development is not, in itself, a security threat.
PHP is not more or less secure than Java, Rails, or other languages, as security issues arise when code is poorly written, implemented, or outdated rather than from the use of PHP as a scripting language.
It is a misconception to consider PHP inherently insecure; it can be exploited if there is a vulnerability not tied to the PHP code itself, but such risks are minimal.
Moreover, it is important to maintain regular updates for PHP and the server to prevent potential security issues, so if an individual claims that PHP is not secure, they are most likely not putting in the effort to properly secure it.
However, having PHP installed in the first place when you don't need it is not best security practice.
The presence of PHP on a system increases the attack surface, potentially leading to security challenges, but having PHP installed does not automatically lead to insecurity, especially when aware of its correct use.
Claims that PHP inherently devalues the correctness in software and has a history of flawed security solutions are contested; rather, the use of any language can result in insecure code if it is not written and managed properly.
The main issue with PHP is its vulnerability to arbitrary code execution.
If a hosting company suggests that the use of PHP may compromise other systems such as cPanel, it may be wise to reconsider the relationship with that hosting provider.


Question: is there a minimal installation of adb?

Response:
There's no need to go through the extensive steps of installing the complete SDK; basic ADB commands can be run with minimal installation.
An option particularly suited for OS X users is the Quick ADB/Fastboot installer which includes the binaries and installer needed to execute ADB and Fastboot commands.
Alternatively, a 15 seconds minimal ADB, fastboot, and drivers installer is available, which simplifies the process by including everything required without the need to search for manufacturer-specific drivers.
For Debian users, simplicity is key; they can effortlessly install adb and fastboot, as the system supports direct and up-to-date installations.


Question: how should i behave as a developer in a project thats headed for failure?

Response:
Consider working with the manager and seeing if there are any parts or features of the app that can be excluded.
Communicate your concerns in the most concise and non-confrontational way possible up the management ladder.
However, when doing so summarize the risks, but do not impose your conclusion on them, focus on your job of assessing and communicating the situation.
Leave drawing any conclusions up to whomever reads what you've written, if anyone does read what you've written.
Help identify the biggest problem areas and try to provide answers as to why they are, and make just a few polite suggestions for improvement.
This could include something like a tentative list of known issues that you would want to fix.
View this as a chance to hone your systematic thinking and communication skills by clearly comprehending and outlining the issues and potential missed opportunities.
Also, remember to keep a paper trail of everything, including a diary, IM conversations and saved emails.
At some point you are going to have to focus on yourself, when you do try to find any personal successes that you can and focus on your own personal excellence and personal metrics.
Also, make sure you have enough proof that you did everything required of you and remember to stay positive and be ready to defend all of your code.
However, still try to be proactive about finding a new way to achieve success for the project and think about how you can propose some alternatives.
Assuming ownership of the project can allow you to contribute positively, learn significantly, and collaborate with peers to mitigate the project's downfall.
Finally, it's helpful to analyze your project using quantitative metrics, clearly explain their importance, and provide actionable insights for improvement.


Question: how can i display the contents of a text file on the command line?

Response:
To display the content of a text file, you can use the cat command followed by the filename: "cat. cat filename".
If searching for specific text within a large file, you can use `cat filename | grep text_to_search -ni`.
Alternatively, a more interactive approach involves using the Vim or vi editors, which offer extensive features for file browsing.
It is also suggested that you can use more interactive Vim editor (or vi editor if you do not have Vim): vim filename or vi filename which can be used as a reader in "Normal Mode" or using "-R option".
Lastly, you can use "more e.g. more file.txt" but it lacks many useful features that "less" has.


Question: can two uuid be same?

Response:
A UUID is not guaranteed to be absolutely unique across different devices or installations since it is essentially a random 128-bit number; therefore, it's technically possible, but improbable for UUIDs to be identical.
Most systems ensure uniqueness by checking new UUIDs against pre-existing ones and discarding any duplicates.


Question: what is the eval command in bash?

Response:
Eval is a feature of most interpreted languages and is used to evaluate code dynamically and is a shell command which is usually implemented as a built-in, meaning it is directly executable by the shell without needing to locate a separate utility.
The eval statement tells the shell to take eval’s arguments as command and run them through the command-line.


Question: why does vim indent pasted code incorrectly?

Response:
The tabs were inserted because you have autoindent turned on, but you can disable that behavior by turning off autoindent.

To be able to paste in vim with the setting Auto insert comment Auto indenting, which enables auto-indent, you must change to paste mode by typing: :set paste, otherwise vim thinks you have typed the keys being pasted and does its own auto-indentation.


Question: how to get a notification when my commands are done

Response:
You can utilize Growl and the growlnotify binary found in the extras of the .dmg file, using a command like growlnotify with the appropriate options to display pop-up messages.
Alternatively, the built-in say command on Mac can be used for voice notifications.
Mac OS X Lion and newer versions have incorporated status indicators within the Terminal app, such as activity indicators, unread text ellipses, and alert bell symbols, along with badge notifications on the Terminal’s Dock icon.
Lion has also added little notification badges when a BEL is thrown.
The afplay command is another option, which can play different sound files depending on the exit status of a task and can be executed with the following scripts; ~/bin/donebeep: #!/bin/bash if [ "$@" = 0 ]; then afplay -v 2 /System/Library/Sounds/Blow.aiff & else afplay -v 2 /System/Library/Sounds/Sosumi.aiff & fi.
You can also use the alias; alias donebeep='(savestatus=$?; ~/bin/donebeep $savestatus "$@"; exit $savestatus)'.
Mac OS 10.8 and later provide the ability to send messages via the Notification Center using tools like terminal-notifier.
For a simpler and more specialized task, tools like brb and ntfy are available for command completion notifications, with ntfy offering additional features like automatic suppression of notifications when the terminal is in focus.
You can also use the built-in osascript command to run an Apple Script to set up a visual notification, for example, osascript -e 'display notification "Command done" with title "Your title here".
Finally, iTerm2 also offers its own built-in notification feature with Shell Integration.


Question: how do i prevent scrum from turning great developers into average developers?

Response:
The daily scrum should be viewed as a brief meeting rather than a competitive platform, emphasizing the importance of treating Scrum as a flexible framework rather than scripture.
Scrum practices should be done correctly; not every individual can work within a self-organizing team.
A Product Owner-centric approach and finding a scrum master and product owner who understands the importance of teamwork and individual excellence are crucial components of effective Scrum implementation.
Tailor Scrum practices to fit the unique needs of your team, instead of what Scrum theory tells you to do.
Additionally, understanding why management feels the need for micromanagement is key, and addressing those issues directly can help create a healthier work environment.
Hiring team players and establishing a norm that the standup simply communicates ongoing tasks can contribute to maintaining individual excellence within the team.
To address individual performance concerns beyond standup meetings and ticket speed, focus on caring about each team member.
You should prioritize the big tasks highest, so someone should pick up the big difficult tasks on day 1.
Use Retrospectives to address process issues and align them with good business outcomes–be open and honest.
Some advise to reduce the frequency of meetings, schedule them before lunch, critically assess the objectives can enhance the effectiveness of Scrum and kill the sprints.
Recognizing the importance of ownership and fostering a sense of responsibility for the team's success encourages developers to care about code quality and architecture.


Question: how much can i trust tor?

Response:
You cannot say Tor can solve all your problems, as there can be many ways to compromise your identity, so while Tor will be useful as one thread in a safety net, don't let it be the only type of thread in your safety net.

TOR is probably to be recommended as it gives considerably more protection than browsing directly, but be aware that your ISP is in a position to see that your IP address is using Tor, even though it can't tell what you're using Tor for, so in hostile conditions where you could be brought under suspicion simply for appearing to be clandestine, then you should take care to use Tor everywhere, except on an Internet connection which can be strongly associated with you.


Question: bits per second vs. packets per second

Response: In very generic and rough terms, bps measures memory bandwidth, while pps measures lookup performance ('CPU' speed).


Question: sort based on the third column

Response:
For scripting purposes with awk, one can use the Velour library with the syntax, #!/usr/local/bin/velour -f { q = $3 z = $0 } END { a_sort_by(q, z) io_puts(q) }.
When working with delimited data, such as with a colon delimiter, you can use the sort command, sort -t : -k 3 filename, to organize the data by the third field.


Question: can you see how many times someone viewed your location?

Response:
There is no notification or log of location lookup incidents available when sharing your location with friends on Find My Friends.
The location data is sent only upon request, and not at regular intervals, ensuring the privacy of the individual being located.
However, theoretically, it's possible that someone could detect being looked up if they possess the necessary tools and knowledge to interpret such signals.


Question: is there a way to start a specific application with a keyboard short cut?

Response:
QuickSilver is a good application launcher, which remembers and recommends your most used applications.
Another one is Visor, which allows you to hide your Terminal and quickly access it with a key combination, providing a Quake-style console.
You can also create a service with Automator to launch applications with no input required from any application.
This can be done in Sierra and all other post-Snow Leopard Mac OS versions.
By using a specific key combination on Spark (⌘+⌥+§ on a UK keyboard), you can launch applications quickly without the addition of visible UI elements.
Apptivate allows you to set system-wide shortcuts and can hide already running applications.
Alfred Powerpack can also be used to add hotkeys.
If the Terminal app is running and it has no open window, replacing Launch Application action with Run AppleScript action and setting the following code to be run does the trick: on run {input, parameters}.
This AppleScript code also allows for the opening of a new Terminal window, tell application "Terminal" do script "" activate end tell.
Also, a service can be enabled in Finder to open a new Terminal window at the selected folder.
Finally, iTerm can be configured to do the job with a global hotkey through Preferences (⌘+,) > Keys > Hotkey.