Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def verify_high(self, high):
        '''
        Verify that the high data is viable and follows the data structure
        '''
        errors = []
        if not isinstance(high, dict):
            errors.append('High data is not a dictionary and is invalid')
        reqs = OrderedDict()
        for name, body in six.iteritems(high):
            if name.startswith('__'):
                continue
            if not isinstance(name, six.string_types):
                errors.append(
                    'ID \'{0}\' in SLS \'{1}\' is not formed as a string, but '
                    'is a {2}'.format(
                        name,
                        body['__sls__'],
                        type(name).__name__
                    )
                )
            if not isinstance(body, dict):
                err = ('The type {0} in {1} is not formatted as a dictionary'
                       .format(name, body))
                errors.append(err)
                continue
            for state in body:
                if state.startswith('__'):
                    continue
                if not isinstance(body[state], list):
                    errors.append(
                        'State \'{0}\' in SLS \'{1}\' is not formed as a list'
                        .format(name, body['__sls__'])
                    )
                else:
                    fun = 0
                    if '.' in state:
                        fun += 1
                    for arg in body[state]:
                        if isinstance(arg, six.string_types):
                            fun += 1
                            if ' ' in arg.strip():
                                errors.append(('The function "{0}" in state '
                                '"{1}" in SLS "{2}" has '
                                'whitespace, a function with whitespace is '
                                'not supported, perhaps this is an argument '
                                'that is missing a ":"').format(
                                    arg,
                                    name,
                                    body['__sls__']))
                        elif isinstance(arg, dict):
                            # The arg is a dict, if the arg is require or
                            # watch, it must be a list.
                            #
                            # Add the requires to the reqs dict and check them
                            # all for recursive requisites.
                            argfirst = next(iter(arg))
                            if argfirst in ('require', 'watch', 'prereq', 'onchanges'):
                                if not isinstance(arg[argfirst], list):
                                    errors.append(('The {0}'
                                    ' statement in state \'{1}\' in SLS \'{2}\' '
                                    'needs to be formed as a list').format(
                                        argfirst,
                                        name,
                                        body['__sls__']
                                        ))
                                # It is a list, verify that the members of the
                                # list are all single key dicts.
                                else:
                                    reqs[name] = {'state': state}
                                    for req in arg[argfirst]:
                                        if isinstance(req, six.string_types):
                                            req = {'id': req}
                                        if not isinstance(req, dict):
                                            err = ('Requisite declaration {0}'
                                            ' in SLS {1} is not formed as a'
                                            ' single key dictionary').format(
                                                req,
                                                body['__sls__'])
                                            errors.append(err)
                                            continue
                                        req_key = next(iter(req))
                                        req_val = req[req_key]
                                        if '.' in req_key:
                                            errors.append((
                                                'Invalid requisite type \'{0}\' '
                                                'in state \'{1}\', in SLS '
                                                '\'{2}\'. Requisite types must '
                                                'not contain dots, did you '
                                                'mean \'{3}\'?'.format(
                                                    req_key,
                                                    name,
                                                    body['__sls__'],
                                                    req_key[:req_key.find('.')]
                                                )
                                            ))
                                        if not ishashable(req_val):
                                            errors.append((
                                                'Illegal requisite "{0}", '
                                                'is SLS {1}\n'
                                                ).format(
                                                    six.text_type(req_val),
                                                    body['__sls__']))
                                            continue

                                        # Check for global recursive requisites
                                        reqs[name][req_val] = req_key
                                        # I am going beyond 80 chars on
                                        # purpose, this is just too much
                                        # of a pain to deal with otherwise
                                        if req_val in reqs:
                                            if name in reqs[req_val]:
                                                if reqs[req_val][name] == state:
                                                    if reqs[req_val]['state'] == reqs[name][req_val]:
                                                        err = ('A recursive '
                                                        'requisite was found, SLS '
                                                        '"{0}" ID "{1}" ID "{2}"'
                                                        ).format(
                                                                body['__sls__'],
                                                                name,
                                                                req_val
                                                                )
                                                        errors.append(err)
                                # Make sure that there is only one key in the
                                # dict
                                if len(list(arg)) != 1:
                                    errors.append(('Multiple dictionaries '
                                    'defined in argument of state \'{0}\' in SLS'
                                    ' \'{1}\'').format(
                                        name,
                                        body['__sls__']))
                    if not fun:
                        if state == 'require' or state == 'watch':
                            continue
                        errors.append(('No function declared in state \'{0}\' in'
                            ' SLS \'{1}\'').format(state, body['__sls__']))
                    elif fun > 1:
                        errors.append(
                            'Too many functions declared in state \'{0}\' in '
                            'SLS \'{1}\''.format(state, body['__sls__'])
                        )
        return errors

Response: Verify that the high data is viable and follows the data structure.


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
sorting the list of the chunks verifying that the chunks follow the order options.

Response:
def order_chunks(self, chunks):
        '''
        Sort the chunk list verifying that the chunks follow the order
        specified in the order options.
        '''
        cap = 1
        for chunk in chunks:
            if 'order' in chunk:
                if not isinstance(chunk['order'], int):
                    continue

                chunk_order = chunk['order']
                if chunk_order > cap - 1 and chunk_order > 0:
                    cap = chunk_order + 100
        for chunk in chunks:
            if 'order' not in chunk:
                chunk['order'] = cap
                continue

            if not isinstance(chunk['order'], (int, float)):
                if chunk['order'] == 'last':
                    chunk['order'] = cap + 1000000
                elif chunk['order'] == 'first':
                    chunk['order'] = 0
                else:
                    chunk['order'] = cap
            if 'name_order' in chunk:
                chunk['order'] = chunk['order'] + chunk.pop('name_order') / 10000.0
            if chunk['order'] < 0:
                chunk['order'] = cap + 1000000 + chunk['order']
            chunk['name'] = salt.utils.data.decode(chunk['name'])
        chunks.sort(key=lambda chunk: (chunk['order'], '{0[state]}{0[name]}{0[fun]}'.format(chunk)))
        return chunks


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
apply the exclude statements to the high data structure.

Response:
def apply_exclude(self, high):
        '''
        Read in the __exclude__ list and remove all excluded objects from the
        high data
        '''
        if '__exclude__' not in high:
            return high
        ex_sls = set()
        ex_id = set()
        exclude = high.pop('__exclude__')
        for exc in exclude:
            if isinstance(exc, six.string_types):
                # The exclude statement is a string, assume it is an sls
                ex_sls.add(exc)
            if isinstance(exc, dict):
                # Explicitly declared exclude
                if len(exc) != 1:
                    continue
                key = next(six.iterkeys(exc))
                if key == 'sls':
                    ex_sls.add(exc['sls'])
                elif key == 'id':
                    ex_id.add(exc['id'])
        # Now the excludes have been simplified, use them
        if ex_sls:
            # There are sls excludes, find the associtaed ids
            for name, body in six.iteritems(high):
                if name.startswith('__'):
                    continue
                if body.get('__sls__', '') in ex_sls:
                    ex_id.add(name)
        for id_ in ex_id:
            if id_ in high:
                high.pop(id_)
        return high


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def _gather_pillar(self):
        '''
        Whenever a state run starts, gather the pillar data fresh
        '''
        if self._pillar_override:
            if self._pillar_enc:
                try:
                    self._pillar_override = salt.utils.crypt.decrypt(
                        self._pillar_override,
                        self._pillar_enc,
                        translate_newlines=True,
                        renderers=getattr(self, 'rend', None),
                        opts=self.opts,
                        valid_rend=self.opts['decrypt_pillar_renderers'])
                except Exception as exc:
                    log.error('Failed to decrypt pillar override: %s', exc)

            if isinstance(self._pillar_override, six.string_types):
                # This can happen if an entire pillar dictionary was passed as
                # a single encrypted string. The override will have been
                # decrypted above, and should now be a stringified dictionary.
                # Use the YAML loader to convert that to a Python dictionary.
                try:
                    self._pillar_override = yamlloader.load(
                        self._pillar_override,
                        Loader=yamlloader.SaltYamlSafeLoader)
                except Exception as exc:
                    log.error('Failed to load CLI pillar override')
                    log.exception(exc)

            if not isinstance(self._pillar_override, dict):
                log.error('Pillar override was not passed as a dictionary')
                self._pillar_override = None

        pillar = salt.pillar.get_pillar(
                self.opts,
                self.opts['grains'],
                self.opts['id'],
                self.opts['saltenv'],
                pillar_override=self._pillar_override,
                pillarenv=self.opts.get('pillarenv'))
        return pillar.compile_pillar()

Response: Gather pillar data from the pillar file


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def _mod_init(self, low):
        '''
        Check the module initialization function, if this is the first run
        of a state package that has a mod_init function, then execute the
        mod_init function in the state module.
        '''
        # ensure that the module is loaded
        try:
            self.states['{0}.{1}'.format(low['state'], low['fun'])]  # pylint: disable=W0106
        except KeyError:
            return
        minit = '{0}.mod_init'.format(low['state'])
        if low['state'] not in self.mod_init:
            if minit in self.states._dict:
                mret = self.states[minit](low)
                if not mret:
                    return
                self.mod_init.add(low['state'])

Response: Check the module initialization function and execute it if it is not already done.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def _mod_aggregate(self, low, running, chunks):
        '''
        Execute the aggregation systems to runtime modify the low chunk
        '''
        agg_opt = self.functions['config.option']('state_aggregate')
        if 'aggregate' in low:
            agg_opt = low['aggregate']
        if agg_opt is True:
            agg_opt = [low['state']]
        elif not isinstance(agg_opt, list):
            return low
        if low['state'] in agg_opt and not low.get('__agg__'):
            agg_fun = '{0}.mod_aggregate'.format(low['state'])
            if agg_fun in self.states:
                try:
                    low = self.states[agg_fun](low, chunks, running)
                    low['__agg__'] = True
                except TypeError:
                    log.error('Failed to execute aggregate for state %s', low['state'])
        return low

Response: Execute the aggregation systems to runtime modify the low chunk


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
checking that onlyif doesn t return 0 and that unless returns a 0.

Response:
def _run_check(self, low_data):
        '''
        Check that unless doesn't return 0, and that onlyif returns a 0.
        '''
        ret = {'result': False, 'comment': []}
        cmd_opts = {}

        if 'shell' in self.opts['grains']:
            cmd_opts['shell'] = self.opts['grains'].get('shell')

        if 'onlyif' in low_data:
            _ret = self._run_check_onlyif(low_data, cmd_opts)
            ret['result'] = _ret['result']
            ret['comment'].append(_ret['comment'])
            if 'skip_watch' in _ret:
                ret['skip_watch'] = _ret['skip_watch']

        if 'unless' in low_data:
            _ret = self._run_check_unless(low_data, cmd_opts)
            # If either result is True, the returned result should be True
            ret['result'] = _ret['result'] or ret['result']
            ret['comment'].append(_ret['comment'])
            if 'skip_watch' in _ret:
                # If either result is True, the returned result should be True
                ret['skip_watch'] = _ret['skip_watch'] or ret['skip_watch']

        return ret


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def _run_check_onlyif(self, low_data, cmd_opts):
        '''
        Check that unless doesn't return 0, and that onlyif returns a 0.
        '''
        ret = {'result': False}

        if not isinstance(low_data['onlyif'], list):
            low_data_onlyif = [low_data['onlyif']]
        else:
            low_data_onlyif = low_data['onlyif']

        def _check_cmd(cmd):
            if cmd != 0 and ret['result'] is False:
                ret.update({'comment': 'onlyif condition is false',
                            'skip_watch': True,
                            'result': True})
            elif cmd == 0:
                ret.update({'comment': 'onlyif condition is true', 'result': False})

        for entry in low_data_onlyif:
            if isinstance(entry, six.string_types):
                cmd = self.functions['cmd.retcode'](
                    entry, ignore_retcode=True, python_shell=True, **cmd_opts)
                log.debug('Last command return code: %s', cmd)
                _check_cmd(cmd)
            elif isinstance(entry, dict):
                if 'fun' not in entry:
                    ret['comment'] = 'no `fun` argument in onlyif: {0}'.format(entry)
                    log.warning(ret['comment'])
                    return ret
                result = self.functions[entry.pop('fun')](**entry)
                if self.state_con.get('retcode', 0):
                    _check_cmd(self.state_con['retcode'])
                elif not result:
                    ret.update({'comment': 'onlyif condition is false',
                                'skip_watch': True,
                                'result': True})
                else:
                    ret.update({'comment': 'onlyif condition is true',
                                'result': False})

            else:
                ret.update({'comment': 'onlyif execution failed, bad type passed', 'result': False})
        return ret

Response: Check that unless doesn t return 0 and that onlyif returns a 0.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
run the check_cmd function

Response:
def _run_check_cmd(self, low_data):
        '''
        Alter the way a successful state run is determined
        '''
        ret = {'result': False}
        cmd_opts = {}
        if 'shell' in self.opts['grains']:
            cmd_opts['shell'] = self.opts['grains'].get('shell')
        for entry in low_data['check_cmd']:
            cmd = self.functions['cmd.retcode'](
                entry, ignore_retcode=True, python_shell=True, **cmd_opts)
            log.debug('Last command return code: %s', cmd)
            if cmd == 0 and ret['result'] is False:
                ret.update({'comment': 'check_cmd determined the state succeeded', 'result': True})
            elif cmd != 0:
                ret.update({'comment': 'check_cmd determined the state failed', 'result': False})
                return ret
        return ret


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
read the state loader value and loadup the correct states subsystem

Response:
def _load_states(self):
        '''
        Read the state loader value and loadup the correct states subsystem
        '''
        if self.states_loader == 'thorium':
            self.states = salt.loader.thorium(self.opts, self.functions, {})  # TODO: Add runners, proxy?
        else:
            self.states = salt.loader.states(self.opts, self.functions, self.utils,
                                             self.serializers, context=self.state_con, proxy=self.proxy)


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
loads the modules into the state

Response:
def load_modules(self, data=None, proxy=None):
        '''
        Load the modules into the state
        '''
        log.info('Loading fresh modules for state activity')
        self.utils = salt.loader.utils(self.opts)
        self.functions = salt.loader.minion_mods(self.opts, self.state_con,
                                                 utils=self.utils,
                                                 proxy=self.proxy)
        if isinstance(data, dict):
            if data.get('provider', False):
                if isinstance(data['provider'], six.string_types):
                    providers = [{data['state']: data['provider']}]
                elif isinstance(data['provider'], list):
                    providers = data['provider']
                else:
                    providers = {}
                for provider in providers:
                    for mod in provider:
                        funcs = salt.loader.raw_mod(self.opts,
                                provider[mod],
                                self.functions)
                        if funcs:
                            for func in funcs:
                                f_key = '{0}{1}'.format(
                                        mod,
                                        func[func.rindex('.'):]
                                        )
                                self.functions[f_key] = funcs[func]
        self.serializers = salt.loader.serializers(self.opts)
        self._load_states()
        self.rend = salt.loader.render(self.opts, self.functions,
                                       states=self.states, proxy=self.proxy, context=self.state_con)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def module_refresh(self):
        '''
        Refresh all the modules
        '''
        log.debug('Refreshing modules...')
        if self.opts['grains'].get('os') != 'MacOS':
            # In case a package has been installed into the current python
            # process 'site-packages', the 'site' module needs to be reloaded in
            # order for the newly installed package to be importable.
            try:
                reload_module(site)
            except RuntimeError:
                log.error('Error encountered during module reload. Modules were not reloaded.')
            except TypeError:
                log.error('Error encountered during module reload. Modules were not reloaded.')
        self.load_modules()
        if not self.opts.get('local', False) and self.opts.get('multiprocessing', True):
            self.functions['saltutil.refresh_modules']()

Response: Refresh all the modules in the system


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
checks to see if the modules for this state instance need to be updated if so refresh the modules for this state instance.

Response:
def check_refresh(self, data, ret):
        '''
        Check to see if the modules for this state instance need to be updated,
        only update if the state is a file or a package and if it changed
        something. If the file function is managed check to see if the file is a
        possible module type, e.g. a python, pyx, or .so. Always refresh if the
        function is recurse, since that can lay down anything.
        '''
        _reload_modules = False
        if data.get('reload_grains', False):
            log.debug('Refreshing grains...')
            self.opts['grains'] = salt.loader.grains(self.opts)
            _reload_modules = True

        if data.get('reload_pillar', False):
            log.debug('Refreshing pillar...')
            self.opts['pillar'] = self._gather_pillar()
            _reload_modules = True

        if not ret['changes']:
            if data.get('force_reload_modules', False):
                self.module_refresh()
            return

        if data.get('reload_modules', False) or _reload_modules:
            # User explicitly requests a reload
            self.module_refresh()
            return

        if data['state'] == 'file':
            if data['fun'] == 'managed':
                if data['name'].endswith(
                    ('.py', '.pyx', '.pyo', '.pyc', '.so')):
                    self.module_refresh()
            elif data['fun'] == 'recurse':
                self.module_refresh()
            elif data['fun'] == 'symlink':
                if 'bin' in data['name']:
                    self.module_refresh()
        elif data['state'] in ('pkg', 'ports'):
            self.module_refresh()


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
verify the data for the current state and state.

Response:
def verify_data(self, data):
        '''
        Verify the data, return an error statement if something is wrong
        '''
        errors = []
        if 'state' not in data:
            errors.append('Missing "state" data')
        if 'fun' not in data:
            errors.append('Missing "fun" data')
        if 'name' not in data:
            errors.append('Missing "name" data')
        if data['name'] and not isinstance(data['name'], six.string_types):
            errors.append(
                'ID \'{0}\' {1}is not formed as a string, but is a {2}'.format(
                    data['name'],
                    'in SLS \'{0}\' '.format(data['__sls__'])
                        if '__sls__' in data else '',
                    type(data['name']).__name__
                )
            )
        if errors:
            return errors
        full = data['state'] + '.' + data['fun']
        if full not in self.states:
            if '__sls__' in data:
                errors.append(
                    'State \'{0}\' was not found in SLS \'{1}\''.format(
                        full,
                        data['__sls__']
                        )
                    )
                reason = self.states.missing_fun_string(full)
                if reason:
                    errors.append('Reason: {0}'.format(reason))
            else:
                errors.append(
                        'Specified state \'{0}\' was not found'.format(
                            full
                            )
                        )
        else:
            # First verify that the parameters are met
            aspec = salt.utils.args.get_function_argspec(self.states[full])
            arglen = 0
            deflen = 0
            if isinstance(aspec.args, list):
                arglen = len(aspec.args)
            if isinstance(aspec.defaults, tuple):
                deflen = len(aspec.defaults)
            for ind in range(arglen - deflen):
                if aspec.args[ind] not in data:
                    errors.append(
                        'Missing parameter {0} for state {1}'.format(
                            aspec.args[ind],
                            full
                        )
                    )
        # If this chunk has a recursive require, then it will cause a
        # recursive loop when executing, check for it
        reqdec = ''
        if 'require' in data:
            reqdec = 'require'
        if 'watch' in data:
            # Check to see if the service has a mod_watch function, if it does
            # not, then just require
            # to just require extend the require statement with the contents
            # of watch so that the mod_watch function is not called and the
            # requisite capability is still used
            if '{0}.mod_watch'.format(data['state']) not in self.states:
                if 'require' in data:
                    data['require'].extend(data.pop('watch'))
                else:
                    data['require'] = data.pop('watch')
                reqdec = 'require'
            else:
                reqdec = 'watch'
        if reqdec:
            for req in data[reqdec]:
                reqfirst = next(iter(req))
                if data['state'] == reqfirst:
                    if (fnmatch.fnmatch(data['name'], req[reqfirst])
                            or fnmatch.fnmatch(data['__id__'], req[reqfirst])):
                        err = ('Recursive require detected in SLS {0} for'
                               ' require {1} in ID {2}').format(
                                   data['__sls__'],
                                   req,
                                   data['__id__'])
                        errors.append(err)
        return errors


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
verifies the chunks in a list of low data structures

Response:
def verify_chunks(self, chunks):
        '''
        Verify the chunks in a list of low data structures
        '''
        err = []
        for chunk in chunks:
            err.extend(self.verify_data(chunk))
        return err


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def order_chunks(self, chunks):
        '''
        Sort the chunk list verifying that the chunks follow the order
        specified in the order options.
        '''
        cap = 1
        for chunk in chunks:
            if 'order' in chunk:
                if not isinstance(chunk['order'], int):
                    continue

                chunk_order = chunk['order']
                if chunk_order > cap - 1 and chunk_order > 0:
                    cap = chunk_order + 100
        for chunk in chunks:
            if 'order' not in chunk:
                chunk['order'] = cap
                continue

            if not isinstance(chunk['order'], (int, float)):
                if chunk['order'] == 'last':
                    chunk['order'] = cap + 1000000
                elif chunk['order'] == 'first':
                    chunk['order'] = 0
                else:
                    chunk['order'] = cap
            if 'name_order' in chunk:
                chunk['order'] = chunk['order'] + chunk.pop('name_order') / 10000.0
            if chunk['order'] < 0:
                chunk['order'] = cap + 1000000 + chunk['order']
        chunks.sort(key=lambda chunk: (chunk['order'], '{0[state]}{0[name]}{0[fun]}'.format(chunk)))
        return chunks

Response: Sort the list of the chunks verifying that the chunks follow the order options.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def compile_high_data(self, high, orchestration_jid=None):
        '''
        "Compile" the high data as it is retrieved from the CLI or YAML into
        the individual state executor structures
        '''
        chunks = []
        for name, body in six.iteritems(high):
            if name.startswith('__'):
                continue
            for state, run in six.iteritems(body):
                funcs = set()
                names = []
                if state.startswith('__'):
                    continue
                chunk = OrderedDict()
                chunk['state'] = state
                chunk['name'] = name
                if orchestration_jid is not None:
                    chunk['__orchestration_jid__'] = orchestration_jid
                if '__sls__' in body:
                    chunk['__sls__'] = body['__sls__']
                if '__env__' in body:
                    chunk['__env__'] = body['__env__']
                chunk['__id__'] = name
                for arg in run:
                    if isinstance(arg, six.string_types):
                        funcs.add(arg)
                        continue
                    if isinstance(arg, dict):
                        for key, val in six.iteritems(arg):
                            if key == 'names':
                                for _name in val:
                                    if _name not in names:
                                        names.append(_name)
                            elif key == 'state':
                                # Don't pass down a state override
                                continue
                            elif (key == 'name' and
                                  not isinstance(val, six.string_types)):
                                # Invalid name, fall back to ID
                                chunk[key] = name
                            else:
                                chunk[key] = val
                if names:
                    name_order = 1
                    for entry in names:
                        live = copy.deepcopy(chunk)
                        if isinstance(entry, dict):
                            low_name = next(six.iterkeys(entry))
                            live['name'] = low_name
                            list(map(live.update, entry[low_name]))
                        else:
                            live['name'] = entry
                        live['name_order'] = name_order
                        name_order += 1
                        for fun in funcs:
                            live['fun'] = fun
                            chunks.append(live)
                else:
                    live = copy.deepcopy(chunk)
                    for fun in funcs:
                        live['fun'] = fun
                        chunks.append(live)
        chunks = self.order_chunks(chunks)
        return chunks

Response: Compile the high data into a dictionary of high data structures.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def reconcile_extend(self, high):
        '''
        Pull the extend data and add it to the respective high data
        '''
        errors = []
        if '__extend__' not in high:
            return high, errors
        ext = high.pop('__extend__')
        for ext_chunk in ext:
            for name, body in six.iteritems(ext_chunk):
                if name not in high:
                    state_type = next(
                        x for x in body if not x.startswith('__')
                    )
                    # Check for a matching 'name' override in high data
                    ids = find_name(name, state_type, high)
                    if len(ids) != 1:
                        errors.append(
                            'Cannot extend ID \'{0}\' in \'{1}:{2}\'. It is not '
                            'part of the high state.\n'
                            'This is likely due to a missing include statement '
                            'or an incorrectly typed ID.\nEnsure that a '
                            'state with an ID of \'{0}\' is available\nin '
                            'environment \'{1}\' and to SLS \'{2}\''.format(
                                name,
                                body.get('__env__', 'base'),
                                body.get('__sls__', 'base'))
                            )
                        continue
                    else:
                        name = ids[0][0]

                for state, run in six.iteritems(body):
                    if state.startswith('__'):
                        continue
                    if state not in high[name]:
                        high[name][state] = run
                        continue
                    # high[name][state] is extended by run, both are lists
                    for arg in run:
                        update = False
                        for hind in range(len(high[name][state])):
                            if isinstance(arg, six.string_types) and isinstance(high[name][state][hind], six.string_types):
                                # replacing the function, replace the index
                                high[name][state].pop(hind)
                                high[name][state].insert(hind, arg)
                                update = True
                                continue
                            if isinstance(arg, dict) and isinstance(high[name][state][hind], dict):
                                # It is an option, make sure the options match
                                argfirst = next(iter(arg))
                                if argfirst == next(iter(high[name][state][hind])):
                                    # If argfirst is a requisite then we must merge
                                    # our requisite with that of the target state
                                    if argfirst in STATE_REQUISITE_KEYWORDS:
                                        high[name][state][hind][argfirst].extend(arg[argfirst])
                                    # otherwise, its not a requisite and we are just extending (replacing)
                                    else:
                                        high[name][state][hind] = arg
                                    update = True
                                if (argfirst == 'name' and
                                    next(iter(high[name][state][hind])) == 'names'):
                                    # If names are overwritten by name use the name
                                    high[name][state][hind] = arg
                        if not update:
                            high[name][state].append(arg)
        return high, errors

Response: Reconcile the extend data in the high data structure.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
extends the data reference with requisite_in arguments

Response:
def requisite_in(self, high):
        '''
        Extend the data reference with requisite_in arguments
        '''
        req_in = {'require_in', 'watch_in', 'onfail_in', 'onchanges_in', 'use', 'use_in', 'prereq', 'prereq_in'}
        req_in_all = req_in.union({'require', 'watch', 'onfail', 'onfail_stop', 'onchanges'})
        extend = {}
        errors = []
        disabled_reqs = self.opts.get('disabled_requisites', [])
        if not isinstance(disabled_reqs, list):
            disabled_reqs = [disabled_reqs]
        for id_, body in six.iteritems(high):
            if not isinstance(body, dict):
                continue
            for state, run in six.iteritems(body):
                if state.startswith('__'):
                    continue
                for arg in run:
                    if isinstance(arg, dict):
                        # It is not a function, verify that the arg is a
                        # requisite in statement
                        if not arg:
                            # Empty arg dict
                            # How did we get this far?
                            continue
                        # Split out the components
                        key = next(iter(arg))
                        if key not in req_in:
                            continue
                        if key in disabled_reqs:
                            log.warning('The %s requisite has been disabled, Ignoring.', key)
                            continue
                        rkey = key.split('_')[0]
                        items = arg[key]
                        if isinstance(items, dict):
                            # Formatted as a single req_in
                            for _state, name in six.iteritems(items):

                                # Not a use requisite_in
                                found = False
                                if name not in extend:
                                    extend[name] = OrderedDict()
                                if '.' in _state:
                                    errors.append(
                                        'Invalid requisite in {0}: {1} for '
                                        '{2}, in SLS \'{3}\'. Requisites must '
                                        'not contain dots, did you mean \'{4}\'?'
                                        .format(
                                            rkey,
                                            _state,
                                            name,
                                            body['__sls__'],
                                            _state[:_state.find('.')]
                                        )
                                    )
                                    _state = _state.split('.')[0]
                                if _state not in extend[name]:
                                    extend[name][_state] = []
                                extend[name]['__env__'] = body['__env__']
                                extend[name]['__sls__'] = body['__sls__']
                                for ind in range(len(extend[name][_state])):
                                    if next(iter(
                                        extend[name][_state][ind])) == rkey:
                                        # Extending again
                                        extend[name][_state][ind][rkey].append(
                                                {state: id_}
                                                )
                                        found = True
                                if found:
                                    continue
                                # The rkey is not present yet, create it
                                extend[name][_state].append(
                                        {rkey: [{state: id_}]}
                                        )

                        if isinstance(items, list):
                            # Formed as a list of requisite additions
                            hinges = []
                            for ind in items:
                                if not isinstance(ind, dict):
                                    # Malformed req_in
                                    if ind in high:
                                        _ind_high = [x for x
                                                     in high[ind]
                                                     if not x.startswith('__')]
                                        ind = {_ind_high[0]: ind}
                                    else:
                                        found = False
                                        for _id in iter(high):
                                            for state in [state for state
                                                          in iter(high[_id])
                                                          if not state.startswith('__')]:
                                                for j in iter(high[_id][state]):
                                                    if isinstance(j, dict) and 'name' in j:
                                                        if j['name'] == ind:
                                                            ind = {state: _id}
                                                            found = True
                                        if not found:
                                            continue
                                if not ind:
                                    continue
                                pstate = next(iter(ind))
                                pname = ind[pstate]
                                if pstate == 'sls':
                                    # Expand hinges here
                                    hinges = find_sls_ids(pname, high)
                                else:
                                    hinges.append((pname, pstate))
                                if '.' in pstate:
                                    errors.append(
                                        'Invalid requisite in {0}: {1} for '
                                        '{2}, in SLS \'{3}\'. Requisites must '
                                        'not contain dots, did you mean \'{4}\'?'
                                        .format(
                                            rkey,
                                            pstate,
                                            pname,
                                            body['__sls__'],
                                            pstate[:pstate.find('.')]
                                        )
                                    )
                                    pstate = pstate.split(".")[0]
                                for tup in hinges:
                                    name, _state = tup
                                    if key == 'prereq_in':
                                        # Add prerequired to origin
                                        if id_ not in extend:
                                            extend[id_] = OrderedDict()
                                        if state not in extend[id_]:
                                            extend[id_][state] = []
                                        extend[id_][state].append(
                                                {'prerequired': [{_state: name}]}
                                                )
                                    if key == 'prereq':
                                        # Add prerequired to prereqs
                                        ext_ids = find_name(name, _state, high)
                                        for ext_id, _req_state in ext_ids:
                                            if ext_id not in extend:
                                                extend[ext_id] = OrderedDict()
                                            if _req_state not in extend[ext_id]:
                                                extend[ext_id][_req_state] = []
                                            extend[ext_id][_req_state].append(
                                                    {'prerequired': [{state: id_}]}
                                                    )
                                        continue
                                    if key == 'use_in':
                                        # Add the running states args to the
                                        # use_in states
                                        ext_ids = find_name(name, _state, high)
                                        for ext_id, _req_state in ext_ids:
                                            if not ext_id:
                                                continue
                                            ext_args = state_args(ext_id, _state, high)
                                            if ext_id not in extend:
                                                extend[ext_id] = OrderedDict()
                                            if _req_state not in extend[ext_id]:
                                                extend[ext_id][_req_state] = []
                                            ignore_args = req_in_all.union(ext_args)
                                            for arg in high[id_][state]:
                                                if not isinstance(arg, dict):
                                                    continue
                                                if len(arg) != 1:
                                                    continue
                                                if next(iter(arg)) in ignore_args:
                                                    continue
                                                # Don't use name or names
                                                if next(six.iterkeys(arg)) == 'name':
                                                    continue
                                                if next(six.iterkeys(arg)) == 'names':
                                                    continue
                                                extend[ext_id][_req_state].append(arg)
                                        continue
                                    if key == 'use':
                                        # Add the use state's args to the
                                        # running state
                                        ext_ids = find_name(name, _state, high)
                                        for ext_id, _req_state in ext_ids:
                                            if not ext_id:
                                                continue
                                            loc_args = state_args(id_, state, high)
                                            if id_ not in extend:
                                                extend[id_] = OrderedDict()
                                            if state not in extend[id_]:
                                                extend[id_][state] = []
                                            ignore_args = req_in_all.union(loc_args)
                                            for arg in high[ext_id][_req_state]:
                                                if not isinstance(arg, dict):
                                                    continue
                                                if len(arg) != 1:
                                                    continue
                                                if next(iter(arg)) in ignore_args:
                                                    continue
                                                # Don't use name or names
                                                if next(six.iterkeys(arg)) == 'name':
                                                    continue
                                                if next(six.iterkeys(arg)) == 'names':
                                                    continue
                                                extend[id_][state].append(arg)
                                        continue
                                    found = False
                                    if name not in extend:
                                        extend[name] = OrderedDict()
                                    if _state not in extend[name]:
                                        extend[name][_state] = []
                                    extend[name]['__env__'] = body['__env__']
                                    extend[name]['__sls__'] = body['__sls__']
                                    for ind in range(len(extend[name][_state])):
                                        if next(iter(
                                            extend[name][_state][ind])) == rkey:
                                            # Extending again
                                            extend[name][_state][ind][rkey].append(
                                                    {state: id_}
                                                    )
                                            found = True
                                    if found:
                                        continue
                                    # The rkey is not present yet, create it
                                    extend[name][_state].append(
                                            {rkey: [{state: id_}]}
                                            )
        high['__extend__'] = []
        for key, val in six.iteritems(extend):
            high['__extend__'].append({key: val})
        req_in_high, req_in_errors = self.reconcile_extend(high)
        errors.extend(req_in_errors)
        return req_in_high, errors


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def _call_parallel_target(self, name, cdata, low):
        '''
        The target function to call that will create the parallel thread/process
        '''
        # we need to re-record start/end duration here because it is impossible to
        # correctly calculate further down the chain
        utc_start_time = datetime.datetime.utcnow()

        tag = _gen_tag(low)
        try:
            ret = self.states[cdata['full']](*cdata['args'],
                                             **cdata['kwargs'])
        except Exception as exc:
            log.debug('An exception occurred in this state: %s', exc,
                      exc_info_on_loglevel=logging.DEBUG)
            trb = traceback.format_exc()
            ret = {
                'result': False,
                'name': name,
                'changes': {},
                'comment': 'An exception occurred in this state: {0}'.format(trb)
            }

        utc_finish_time = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
        delta = (utc_finish_time - utc_start_time)
        # duration in milliseconds.microseconds
        duration = (delta.seconds * 1000000 + delta.microseconds) / 1000.0
        ret['duration'] = duration

        troot = os.path.join(self.opts['cachedir'], self.jid)
        tfile = os.path.join(
            troot,
            salt.utils.hashutils.sha1_digest(tag))
        if not os.path.isdir(troot):
            try:
                os.makedirs(troot)
            except OSError:
                # Looks like the directory was created between the check
                # and the attempt, we are safe to pass
                pass
        with salt.utils.files.fopen(tfile, 'wb+') as fp_:
            fp_.write(msgpack_serialize(ret))

Response: The target function to call that will create the parallel thread and process the current state.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def call_parallel(self, cdata, low):
        '''
        Call the state defined in the given cdata in parallel
        '''
        # There are a number of possibilities to not have the cdata
        # populated with what we might have expected, so just be smart
        # enough to not raise another KeyError as the name is easily
        # guessable and fallback in all cases to present the real
        # exception to the user
        name = (cdata.get('args') or [None])[0] or cdata['kwargs'].get('name')
        if not name:
            name = low.get('name', low.get('__id__'))

        proc = salt.utils.process.MultiprocessingProcess(
                target=self._call_parallel_target,
                args=(name, cdata, low))
        proc.start()
        ret = {'name': name,
                'result': None,
                'changes': {},
                'comment': 'Started in a separate process',
                'proc': proc}
        return ret

Response: Call the state defined in the given cdata in parallel


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
calling a state directly with the low data structure verify the data structure before processing.

Response:
def call(self, low, chunks=None, running=None, retries=1):
        '''
        Call a state directly with the low data structure, verify data
        before processing.
        '''
        use_uptime = False
        if os.path.isfile('/proc/uptime'):
            use_uptime = True
            with salt.utils.files.fopen('/proc/uptime', 'r') as fp_:
                start_uptime = float(fp_.readline().split()[0])
        utc_start_time = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
        local_start_time = utc_start_time - (datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.datetime.now())
        log.info('Running state [%s] at time %s',
            low['name'].strip() if isinstance(low['name'], six.string_types)
                else low['name'],
            local_start_time.time().isoformat()
        )
        errors = self.verify_data(low)
        if errors:
            ret = {
                'result': False,
                'name': low['name'],
                'changes': {},
                'comment': '',
                }
            for err in errors:
                ret['comment'] += '{0}\n'.format(err)
            ret['__run_num__'] = self.__run_num
            self.__run_num += 1
            format_log(ret)
            self.check_refresh(low, ret)
            return ret
        else:
            ret = {'result': False, 'name': low['name'], 'changes': {}}

        self.state_con['runas'] = low.get('runas', None)

        if low['state'] == 'cmd' and 'password' in low:
            self.state_con['runas_password'] = low['password']
        else:
            self.state_con['runas_password'] = low.get('runas_password', None)

        if not low.get('__prereq__'):
            log.info(
                'Executing state %s.%s for [%s]',
                low['state'],
                low['fun'],
                low['name'].strip() if isinstance(low['name'], six.string_types)
                    else low['name']
            )

        if 'provider' in low:
            self.load_modules(low)

        state_func_name = '{0[state]}.{0[fun]}'.format(low)
        cdata = salt.utils.args.format_call(
            self.states[state_func_name],
            low,
            initial_ret={'full': state_func_name},
            expected_extra_kws=STATE_INTERNAL_KEYWORDS
        )
        inject_globals = {
            # Pass a copy of the running dictionary, the low state chunks and
            # the current state dictionaries.
            # We pass deep copies here because we don't want any misbehaving
            # state module to change these at runtime.
            '__low__': immutabletypes.freeze(low),
            '__running__': immutabletypes.freeze(running) if running else {},
            '__instance_id__': self.instance_id,
            '__lowstate__': immutabletypes.freeze(chunks) if chunks else {}
        }

        if '__env__' in low:
            inject_globals['__env__'] = six.text_type(low['__env__'])

        if self.inject_globals:
            inject_globals.update(self.inject_globals)

        if low.get('__prereq__'):
            test = sys.modules[self.states[cdata['full']].__module__].__opts__['test']
            sys.modules[self.states[cdata['full']].__module__].__opts__['test'] = True
        try:
            # Let's get a reference to the salt environment to use within this
            # state call.
            #
            # If the state function accepts an 'env' keyword argument, it
            # allows the state to be overridden(we look for that in cdata). If
            # that's not found in cdata, we look for what we're being passed in
            # the original data, namely, the special dunder __env__. If that's
            # not found we default to 'base'
            if ('unless' in low and '{0[state]}.mod_run_check'.format(low) not in self.states) or \
                    ('onlyif' in low and '{0[state]}.mod_run_check'.format(low) not in self.states):
                ret.update(self._run_check(low))

            if not self.opts.get('lock_saltenv', False):
                # NOTE: Overriding the saltenv when lock_saltenv is blocked in
                # salt/modules/state.py, before we ever get here, but this
                # additional check keeps use of the State class outside of the
                # salt/modules/state.py from getting around this setting.
                if 'saltenv' in low:
                    inject_globals['__env__'] = six.text_type(low['saltenv'])
                elif isinstance(cdata['kwargs'].get('env', None), six.string_types):
                    # User is using a deprecated env setting which was parsed by
                    # format_call.
                    # We check for a string type since module functions which
                    # allow setting the OS environ also make use of the "env"
                    # keyword argument, which is not a string
                    inject_globals['__env__'] = six.text_type(cdata['kwargs']['env'])

            if '__env__' not in inject_globals:
                # Let's use the default environment
                inject_globals['__env__'] = 'base'

            if '__orchestration_jid__' in low:
                inject_globals['__orchestration_jid__'] = \
                    low['__orchestration_jid__']

            if 'result' not in ret or ret['result'] is False:
                self.states.inject_globals = inject_globals
                if self.mocked:
                    ret = mock_ret(cdata)
                else:
                    # Execute the state function
                    if not low.get('__prereq__') and low.get('parallel'):
                        # run the state call in parallel, but only if not in a prereq
                        ret = self.call_parallel(cdata, low)
                    else:
                        self.format_slots(cdata)
                        if cdata['full'].split('.')[-1] == '__call__':
                            # __call__ requires OrderedDict to preserve state order
                            # kwargs are also invalid overall
                            ret = self.states[cdata['full']](cdata['args'], module=None, state=cdata['kwargs'])
                        else:
                            ret = self.states[cdata['full']](*cdata['args'], **cdata['kwargs'])
                self.states.inject_globals = {}
            if 'check_cmd' in low and '{0[state]}.mod_run_check_cmd'.format(low) not in self.states:
                ret.update(self._run_check_cmd(low))
        except Exception as exc:
            log.debug('An exception occurred in this state: %s', exc,
                      exc_info_on_loglevel=logging.DEBUG)
            trb = traceback.format_exc()
            # There are a number of possibilities to not have the cdata
            # populated with what we might have expected, so just be smart
            # enough to not raise another KeyError as the name is easily
            # guessable and fallback in all cases to present the real
            # exception to the user
            name = (cdata.get('args') or [None])[0] or cdata['kwargs'].get('name')
            if not name:
                name = low.get('name', low.get('__id__'))

            ret = {
                'result': False,
                'name': name,
                'changes': {},
                'comment': 'An exception occurred in this state: {0}'.format(trb)
            }
        finally:
            if low.get('__prereq__'):
                sys.modules[self.states[cdata['full']].__module__].__opts__['test'] = test

            self.state_con.pop('runas', None)
            self.state_con.pop('runas_password', None)

        if not isinstance(ret, dict):
            return ret

        # If format_call got any warnings, let's show them to the user
        if 'warnings' in cdata:
            ret.setdefault('warnings', []).extend(cdata['warnings'])

        if 'provider' in low:
            self.load_modules()

        if low.get('__prereq__'):
            low['__prereq__'] = False
            return ret

        ret['__sls__'] = low.get('__sls__')
        ret['__run_num__'] = self.__run_num
        self.__run_num += 1
        format_log(ret)
        self.check_refresh(low, ret)
        if use_uptime:
            with salt.utils.files.fopen('/proc/uptime', 'r') as fp_:
                finish_uptime = float(fp_.readline().split()[0])
        utc_finish_time = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
        timezone_delta = datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.datetime.now()
        local_finish_time = utc_finish_time - timezone_delta
        local_start_time = utc_start_time - timezone_delta
        ret['start_time'] = local_start_time.time().isoformat()
        if use_uptime:
            duration = (finish_uptime - start_uptime) * 1000.0
        else:
            delta = (utc_finish_time - utc_start_time)
            # duration in milliseconds.microseconds
            duration = (delta.seconds * 1000000 + delta.microseconds) / 1000.0
        ret['duration'] = duration
        ret['__id__'] = low['__id__']
        log.info(
            'Completed state [%s] at time %s (duration_in_ms=%s)',
            low['name'].strip() if isinstance(low['name'], six.string_types)
                else low['name'],
            local_finish_time.time().isoformat(),
            duration
        )
        if 'retry' in low:
            low['retry'] = self.verify_retry_data(low['retry'])
            if not sys.modules[self.states[cdata['full']].__module__].__opts__['test']:
                if low['retry']['until'] != ret['result']:
                    if low['retry']['attempts'] > retries:
                        interval = low['retry']['interval']
                        if low['retry']['splay'] != 0:
                            interval = interval + random.randint(0, low['retry']['splay'])
                        log.info(
                            'State result does not match retry until value, '
                            'state will be re-run in %s seconds', interval
                        )
                        self.functions['test.sleep'](interval)
                        retry_ret = self.call(low, chunks, running, retries=retries+1)
                        orig_ret = ret
                        ret = retry_ret
                        ret['comment'] = '\n'.join(
                                [(
                                     'Attempt {0}: Returned a result of "{1}", '
                                     'with the following comment: "{2}"'.format(
                                         retries,
                                         orig_ret['result'],
                                         orig_ret['comment'])
                                 ),
                                 '' if not ret['comment'] else ret['comment']])
                        ret['duration'] = ret['duration'] + orig_ret['duration'] + (interval * 1000)
                        if retries == 1:
                            ret['start_time'] = orig_ret['start_time']
            else:
                ret['comment'] = '  '.join(
                        ['' if not ret['comment'] else ret['comment'],
                         ('The state would be retried every {1} seconds '
                          '(with a splay of up to {3} seconds) '
                          'a maximum of {0} times or until a result of {2} '
                          'is returned').format(low['retry']['attempts'],
                                                low['retry']['interval'],
                                                low['retry']['until'],
                                                low['retry']['splay'])])
        return ret


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def format_slots(self, cdata):
        '''
        Read in the arguments from the low level slot syntax to make a last
        minute runtime call to gather relevant data for the specific routine

        Will parse strings, first level of dictionary values, and strings and
        first level dict values inside of lists
        '''
        # __slot__:salt.cmd.run(foo, bar, baz=qux)
        SLOT_TEXT = '__slot__:'
        ctx = (('args', enumerate(cdata['args'])),
               ('kwargs', cdata['kwargs'].items()))
        for atype, avalues in ctx:
            for ind, arg in avalues:
                arg = salt.utils.data.decode(arg, keep=True)
                if isinstance(arg, dict):
                    # Search dictionary values for __slot__:
                    for key, value in arg.items():
                        try:
                            if value.startswith(SLOT_TEXT):
                                log.trace("Slot processsing dict value %s", value)
                                cdata[atype][ind][key] = self.__eval_slot(value)
                        except AttributeError:
                            # Not a string/slot
                            continue
                elif isinstance(arg, list):
                    for idx, listvalue in enumerate(arg):
                        log.trace("Slot processing list value: %s", listvalue)
                        if isinstance(listvalue, dict):
                            # Search dict values in list for __slot__:
                            for key, value in listvalue.items():
                                try:
                                    if value.startswith(SLOT_TEXT):
                                        log.trace("Slot processsing nested dict value %s", value)
                                        cdata[atype][ind][idx][key] = self.__eval_slot(value)
                                except AttributeError:
                                    # Not a string/slot
                                    continue
                        if isinstance(listvalue, six.text_type):
                            # Search strings in a list for __slot__:
                            if listvalue.startswith(SLOT_TEXT):
                                log.trace("Slot processsing nested string %s", listvalue)
                                cdata[atype][ind][idx] = self.__eval_slot(listvalue)
                elif isinstance(arg, six.text_type) \
                        and arg.startswith(SLOT_TEXT):
                    # Search strings for __slot__:
                    log.trace("Slot processsing %s", arg)
                    cdata[atype][ind] = self.__eval_slot(arg)
                else:
                    # Not a slot, skip it
                    continue

Response: This function formats the low level slots in the salt master and returns the data in cdata.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def verify_retry_data(self, retry_data):
        '''
        verifies the specified retry data
        '''
        retry_defaults = {
                'until': True,
                'attempts': 2,
                'splay': 0,
                'interval': 30,
        }
        expected_data = {
            'until': bool,
            'attempts': int,
            'interval': int,
            'splay': int,
        }
        validated_retry_data = {}
        if isinstance(retry_data, dict):
            for expected_key, value_type in six.iteritems(expected_data):
                if expected_key in retry_data:
                    if isinstance(retry_data[expected_key], value_type):
                        validated_retry_data[expected_key] = retry_data[expected_key]
                    else:
                        log.warning(
                            'An invalid value was passed for the retry %s, '
                            'using default value \'%s\'',
                            expected_key, retry_defaults[expected_key]
                        )
                        validated_retry_data[expected_key] = retry_defaults[expected_key]
                else:
                    validated_retry_data[expected_key] = retry_defaults[expected_key]
        else:
            log.warning(('State is set to retry, but a valid dict for retry '
                         'configuration was not found.  Using retry defaults'))
            validated_retry_data = retry_defaults
        return validated_retry_data

Response: Verify the retry data.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
iterates over a list of chunks and call them checking for requires.

Response:
def call_chunks(self, chunks):
        '''
        Iterate over a list of chunks and call them, checking for requires.
        '''
        # Check for any disabled states
        disabled = {}
        if 'state_runs_disabled' in self.opts['grains']:
            for low in chunks[:]:
                state_ = '{0}.{1}'.format(low['state'], low['fun'])
                for pat in self.opts['grains']['state_runs_disabled']:
                    if fnmatch.fnmatch(state_, pat):
                        comment = (
                                    'The state function "{0}" is currently disabled by "{1}", '
                                    'to re-enable, run state.enable {1}.'
                                  ).format(
                                    state_,
                                    pat,
                                  )
                        _tag = _gen_tag(low)
                        disabled[_tag] = {'changes': {},
                                          'result': False,
                                          'comment': comment,
                                          '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                                          '__sls__': low['__sls__']}
                        self.__run_num += 1
                        chunks.remove(low)
                        break
        running = {}
        for low in chunks:
            if '__FAILHARD__' in running:
                running.pop('__FAILHARD__')
                return running
            tag = _gen_tag(low)
            if tag not in running:
                # Check if this low chunk is paused
                action = self.check_pause(low)
                if action == 'kill':
                    break
                running = self.call_chunk(low, running, chunks)
                if self.check_failhard(low, running):
                    return running
            self.active = set()
        while True:
            if self.reconcile_procs(running):
                break
            time.sleep(0.01)
        ret = dict(list(disabled.items()) + list(running.items()))
        return ret


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
checks if the low data chunk should send a failhard signal

Response:
def check_failhard(self, low, running):
        '''
        Check if the low data chunk should send a failhard signal
        '''
        tag = _gen_tag(low)
        if self.opts.get('test', False):
            return False
        if low.get('failhard', self.opts['failhard']) and tag in running:
            if running[tag]['result'] is None:
                return False
            return not running[tag]['result']
        return False


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def check_pause(self, low):
        '''
        Check to see if this low chunk has been paused
        '''
        if not self.jid:
            # Can't pause on salt-ssh since we can't track continuous state
            return
        pause_path = os.path.join(self.opts['cachedir'], 'state_pause', self.jid)
        start = time.time()
        if os.path.isfile(pause_path):
            try:
                while True:
                    tries = 0
                    with salt.utils.files.fopen(pause_path, 'rb') as fp_:
                        try:
                            pdat = msgpack_deserialize(fp_.read())
                        except msgpack.UnpackValueError:
                            # Reading race condition
                            if tries > 10:
                                # Break out if there are a ton of read errors
                                return
                            tries += 1
                            time.sleep(1)
                            continue
                        id_ = low['__id__']
                        key = ''
                        if id_ in pdat:
                            key = id_
                        elif '__all__' in pdat:
                            key = '__all__'
                        if key:
                            if 'duration' in pdat[key]:
                                now = time.time()
                                if now - start > pdat[key]['duration']:
                                    return 'run'
                            if 'kill' in pdat[key]:
                                return 'kill'
                        else:
                            return 'run'
                        time.sleep(1)
            except Exception as exc:
                log.error('Failed to read in pause data for file located at: %s', pause_path)
                return 'run'
        return 'run'

Response: Check to see if this low chunk has been paused and return the state that was paused.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
check the running dict for processes and resolve them

Response:
def reconcile_procs(self, running):
        '''
        Check the running dict for processes and resolve them
        '''
        retset = set()
        for tag in running:
            proc = running[tag].get('proc')
            if proc:
                if not proc.is_alive():
                    ret_cache = os.path.join(
                        self.opts['cachedir'],
                        self.jid,
                        salt.utils.hashutils.sha1_digest(tag))
                    if not os.path.isfile(ret_cache):
                        ret = {'result': False,
                               'comment': 'Parallel process failed to return',
                               'name': running[tag]['name'],
                               'changes': {}}
                    try:
                        with salt.utils.files.fopen(ret_cache, 'rb') as fp_:
                            ret = msgpack_deserialize(fp_.read())
                    except (OSError, IOError):
                        ret = {'result': False,
                               'comment': 'Parallel cache failure',
                               'name': running[tag]['name'],
                               'changes': {}}
                    running[tag].update(ret)
                    running[tag].pop('proc')
                else:
                    retset.add(False)
        return False not in retset


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
checking the status of all requisites in the given low data.

Response:
def check_requisite(self, low, running, chunks, pre=False):
        '''
        Look into the running data to check the status of all requisite
        states
        '''
        disabled_reqs = self.opts.get('disabled_requisites', [])
        if not isinstance(disabled_reqs, list):
            disabled_reqs = [disabled_reqs]
        present = False
        # If mod_watch is not available make it a require
        if 'watch' in low:
            if '{0}.mod_watch'.format(low['state']) not in self.states:
                if 'require' in low:
                    low['require'].extend(low.pop('watch'))
                else:
                    low['require'] = low.pop('watch')
            else:
                present = True
        if 'watch_any' in low:
            if '{0}.mod_watch'.format(low['state']) not in self.states:
                if 'require_any' in low:
                    low['require_any'].extend(low.pop('watch_any'))
                else:
                    low['require_any'] = low.pop('watch_any')
            else:
                present = True
        if 'require' in low:
            present = True
        if 'require_any' in low:
            present = True
        if 'prerequired' in low:
            present = True
        if 'prereq' in low:
            present = True
        if 'onfail' in low:
            present = True
        if 'onfail_any' in low:
            present = True
        if 'onfail_all' in low:
            present = True
        if 'onchanges' in low:
            present = True
        if 'onchanges_any' in low:
            present = True
        if not present:
            return 'met', ()
        self.reconcile_procs(running)
        reqs = {
                'require': [],
                'require_any': [],
                'watch': [],
                'watch_any': [],
                'prereq': [],
                'onfail': [],
                'onfail_any': [],
                'onfail_all': [],
                'onchanges': [],
                'onchanges_any': []}
        if pre:
            reqs['prerequired'] = []
        for r_state in reqs:
            if r_state in low and low[r_state] is not None:
                if r_state in disabled_reqs:
                    log.warning('The %s requisite has been disabled, Ignoring.', r_state)
                    continue
                for req in low[r_state]:
                    if isinstance(req, six.string_types):
                        req = {'id': req}
                    req = trim_req(req)
                    found = False
                    for chunk in chunks:
                        req_key = next(iter(req))
                        req_val = req[req_key]
                        if req_val is None:
                            continue
                        if req_key == 'sls':
                            # Allow requisite tracking of entire sls files
                            if fnmatch.fnmatch(chunk['__sls__'], req_val):
                                found = True
                                reqs[r_state].append(chunk)
                            continue
                        try:
                            if isinstance(req_val, six.string_types):
                                if (fnmatch.fnmatch(chunk['name'], req_val) or
                                    fnmatch.fnmatch(chunk['__id__'], req_val)):
                                    if req_key == 'id' or chunk['state'] == req_key:
                                        found = True
                                        reqs[r_state].append(chunk)
                            else:
                                raise KeyError
                        except KeyError as exc:
                            raise SaltRenderError(
                                'Could not locate requisite of [{0}] present in state with name [{1}]'.format(
                                    req_key, chunk['name']))
                        except TypeError:
                            # On Python 2, the above req_val, being an OrderedDict, will raise a KeyError,
                            # however on Python 3 it will raise a TypeError
                            # This was found when running tests.unit.test_state.StateCompilerTestCase.test_render_error_on_invalid_requisite
                            raise SaltRenderError(
                                'Could not locate requisite of [{0}] present in state with name [{1}]'.format(
                                    req_key, chunk['name']))
                    if not found:
                        return 'unmet', ()
        fun_stats = set()
        for r_state, chunks in six.iteritems(reqs):
            req_stats = set()
            if r_state.startswith('prereq') and not r_state.startswith('prerequired'):
                run_dict = self.pre
            else:
                run_dict = running

            while True:
                if self.reconcile_procs(run_dict):
                    break
                time.sleep(0.01)

            for chunk in chunks:
                tag = _gen_tag(chunk)
                if tag not in run_dict:
                    req_stats.add('unmet')
                    continue
                if r_state.startswith('onfail'):
                    if run_dict[tag]['result'] is True:
                        req_stats.add('onfail')  # At least one state is OK
                        continue
                else:
                    if run_dict[tag]['result'] is False:
                        req_stats.add('fail')
                        continue
                if r_state.startswith('onchanges'):
                    if not run_dict[tag]['changes']:
                        req_stats.add('onchanges')
                    else:
                        req_stats.add('onchangesmet')
                    continue
                if r_state.startswith('watch') and run_dict[tag]['changes']:
                    req_stats.add('change')
                    continue
                if r_state.startswith('prereq') and run_dict[tag]['result'] is None:
                    if not r_state.startswith('prerequired'):
                        req_stats.add('premet')
                if r_state.startswith('prereq') and not run_dict[tag]['result'] is None:
                    if not r_state.startswith('prerequired'):
                        req_stats.add('pre')
                else:
                    if run_dict[tag].get('__state_ran__', True):
                        req_stats.add('met')
            if r_state.endswith('_any') or r_state == 'onfail':
                if 'met' in req_stats or 'change' in req_stats:
                    if 'fail' in req_stats:
                        req_stats.remove('fail')
                if 'onchangesmet' in req_stats:
                    if 'onchanges' in req_stats:
                        req_stats.remove('onchanges')
                    if 'fail' in req_stats:
                        req_stats.remove('fail')
                if 'onfail' in req_stats:
                    # a met requisite in this case implies a success
                    if 'met' in req_stats:
                        req_stats.remove('onfail')
            if r_state.endswith('_all'):
                if 'onfail' in req_stats:
                    # a met requisite in this case implies a failure
                    if 'met' in req_stats:
                        req_stats.remove('met')
            fun_stats.update(req_stats)

        if 'unmet' in fun_stats:
            status = 'unmet'
        elif 'fail' in fun_stats:
            status = 'fail'
        elif 'pre' in fun_stats:
            if 'premet' in fun_stats:
                status = 'met'
            else:
                status = 'pre'
        elif 'onfail' in fun_stats and 'onchangesmet' not in fun_stats:
            status = 'onfail'
        elif 'onchanges' in fun_stats and 'onchangesmet' not in fun_stats:
            status = 'onchanges'
        elif 'change' in fun_stats:
            status = 'change'
        else:
            status = 'met'

        return status, reqs


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def event(self, chunk_ret, length, fire_event=False):
        '''
        Fire an event on the master bus

        If `fire_event` is set to True an event will be sent with the
        chunk name in the tag and the chunk result in the event data.

        If `fire_event` is set to a string such as `mystate/is/finished`,
        an event will be sent with the string added to the tag and the chunk
        result in the event data.

        If the `state_events` is set to True in the config, then after the
        chunk is evaluated an event will be set up to the master with the
        results.
        '''
        if not self.opts.get('local') and (self.opts.get('state_events', True) or fire_event):
            if not self.opts.get('master_uri'):
                ev_func = lambda ret, tag, preload=None: salt.utils.event.get_master_event(
                    self.opts, self.opts['sock_dir'], listen=False).fire_event(ret, tag)
            else:
                ev_func = self.functions['event.fire_master']

            ret = {'ret': chunk_ret}
            if fire_event is True:
                tag = salt.utils.event.tagify(
                        [self.jid, self.opts['id'], six.text_type(chunk_ret['name'])], 'state_result'
                        )
            elif isinstance(fire_event, six.string_types):
                tag = salt.utils.event.tagify(
                        [self.jid, self.opts['id'], six.text_type(fire_event)], 'state_result'
                        )
            else:
                tag = salt.utils.event.tagify(
                        [self.jid, 'prog', self.opts['id'], six.text_type(chunk_ret['__run_num__'])], 'job'
                        )
                ret['len'] = length
            preload = {'jid': self.jid}
            ev_func(ret, tag, preload=preload)

Response: Fire an event on the master bus with the given chunk result.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def call_chunk(self, low, running, chunks):
        '''
        Check if a chunk has any requires, execute the requires and then
        the chunk
        '''
        low = self._mod_aggregate(low, running, chunks)
        self._mod_init(low)
        tag = _gen_tag(low)
        if not low.get('prerequired'):
            self.active.add(tag)
        requisites = ['require',
                      'require_any',
                      'watch',
                      'watch_any',
                      'prereq',
                      'onfail',
                      'onfail_any',
                      'onchanges',
                      'onchanges_any']
        if not low.get('__prereq__'):
            requisites.append('prerequired')
            status, reqs = self.check_requisite(low, running, chunks, pre=True)
        else:
            status, reqs = self.check_requisite(low, running, chunks)
        if status == 'unmet':
            lost = {}
            reqs = []
            for requisite in requisites:
                lost[requisite] = []
                if requisite not in low:
                    continue
                for req in low[requisite]:
                    if isinstance(req, six.string_types):
                        req = {'id': req}
                    req = trim_req(req)
                    found = False
                    req_key = next(iter(req))
                    req_val = req[req_key]
                    for chunk in chunks:
                        if req_val is None:
                            continue
                        if req_key == 'sls':
                            # Allow requisite tracking of entire sls files
                            if fnmatch.fnmatch(chunk['__sls__'], req_val):
                                if requisite == 'prereq':
                                    chunk['__prereq__'] = True
                                reqs.append(chunk)
                                found = True
                            continue
                        if (fnmatch.fnmatch(chunk['name'], req_val) or
                            fnmatch.fnmatch(chunk['__id__'], req_val)):
                            if req_key == 'id' or chunk['state'] == req_key:
                                if requisite == 'prereq':
                                    chunk['__prereq__'] = True
                                elif requisite == 'prerequired':
                                    chunk['__prerequired__'] = True
                                reqs.append(chunk)
                                found = True
                    if not found:
                        lost[requisite].append(req)
            if lost['require'] or lost['watch'] or lost['prereq'] \
                        or lost['onfail'] or lost['onchanges'] \
                        or lost.get('prerequired'):
                comment = 'The following requisites were not found:\n'
                for requisite, lreqs in six.iteritems(lost):
                    if not lreqs:
                        continue
                    comment += \
                        '{0}{1}:\n'.format(' ' * 19, requisite)
                    for lreq in lreqs:
                        req_key = next(iter(lreq))
                        req_val = lreq[req_key]
                        comment += \
                            '{0}{1}: {2}\n'.format(' ' * 23, req_key, req_val)
                if low.get('__prereq__'):
                    run_dict = self.pre
                else:
                    run_dict = running
                start_time, duration = _calculate_fake_duration()
                run_dict[tag] = {'changes': {},
                                 'result': False,
                                 'duration': duration,
                                 'start_time': start_time,
                                 'comment': comment,
                                 '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                                 '__sls__': low['__sls__']}
                self.__run_num += 1
                self.event(run_dict[tag], len(chunks), fire_event=low.get('fire_event'))
                return running
            for chunk in reqs:
                # Check to see if the chunk has been run, only run it if
                # it has not been run already
                ctag = _gen_tag(chunk)
                if ctag not in running:
                    if ctag in self.active:
                        if chunk.get('__prerequired__'):
                            # Prereq recusive, run this chunk with prereq on
                            if tag not in self.pre:
                                low['__prereq__'] = True
                                self.pre[ctag] = self.call(low, chunks, running)
                                return running
                            else:
                                return running
                        elif ctag not in running:
                            log.error('Recursive requisite found')
                            running[tag] = {
                                    'changes': {},
                                    'result': False,
                                    'comment': 'Recursive requisite found',
                                    '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                                    '__sls__': low['__sls__']}
                        self.__run_num += 1
                        self.event(running[tag], len(chunks), fire_event=low.get('fire_event'))
                        return running
                    running = self.call_chunk(chunk, running, chunks)
                    if self.check_failhard(chunk, running):
                        running['__FAILHARD__'] = True
                        return running
            if low.get('__prereq__'):
                status, reqs = self.check_requisite(low, running, chunks)
                self.pre[tag] = self.call(low, chunks, running)
                if not self.pre[tag]['changes'] and status == 'change':
                    self.pre[tag]['changes'] = {'watch': 'watch'}
                    self.pre[tag]['result'] = None
            else:
                running = self.call_chunk(low, running, chunks)
            if self.check_failhard(chunk, running):
                running['__FAILHARD__'] = True
                return running
        elif status == 'met':
            if low.get('__prereq__'):
                self.pre[tag] = self.call(low, chunks, running)
            else:
                running[tag] = self.call(low, chunks, running)
        elif status == 'fail':
            # if the requisite that failed was due to a prereq on this low state
            # show the normal error
            if tag in self.pre:
                running[tag] = self.pre[tag]
                running[tag]['__run_num__'] = self.__run_num
                running[tag]['__sls__'] = low['__sls__']
            # otherwise the failure was due to a requisite down the chain
            else:
                # determine what the requisite failures where, and return
                # a nice error message
                failed_requisites = set()
                # look at all requisite types for a failure
                for req_lows in six.itervalues(reqs):
                    for req_low in req_lows:
                        req_tag = _gen_tag(req_low)
                        req_ret = self.pre.get(req_tag, running.get(req_tag))
                        # if there is no run output for the requisite it
                        # can't be the failure
                        if req_ret is None:
                            continue
                        # If the result was False (not None) it was a failure
                        if req_ret['result'] is False:
                            # use SLS.ID for the key-- so its easier to find
                            key = '{sls}.{_id}'.format(sls=req_low['__sls__'],
                                                        _id=req_low['__id__'])
                            failed_requisites.add(key)

                _cmt = 'One or more requisite failed: {0}'.format(
                    ', '.join(six.text_type(i) for i in failed_requisites)
                )
                start_time, duration = _calculate_fake_duration()
                running[tag] = {
                    'changes': {},
                    'result': False,
                    'duration': duration,
                    'start_time': start_time,
                    'comment': _cmt,
                    '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                    '__sls__': low['__sls__']
                }
                self.pre[tag] = running[tag]
            self.__run_num += 1
        elif status == 'change' and not low.get('__prereq__'):
            ret = self.call(low, chunks, running)
            if not ret['changes'] and not ret.get('skip_watch', False):
                low = low.copy()
                low['sfun'] = low['fun']
                low['fun'] = 'mod_watch'
                low['__reqs__'] = reqs
                ret = self.call(low, chunks, running)
            running[tag] = ret
        elif status == 'pre':
            start_time, duration = _calculate_fake_duration()
            pre_ret = {'changes': {},
                       'result': True,
                       'duration': duration,
                       'start_time': start_time,
                       'comment': 'No changes detected',
                       '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                       '__sls__': low['__sls__']}
            running[tag] = pre_ret
            self.pre[tag] = pre_ret
            self.__run_num += 1
        elif status == 'onfail':
            start_time, duration = _calculate_fake_duration()
            running[tag] = {'changes': {},
                            'result': True,
                            'duration': duration,
                            'start_time': start_time,
                            'comment': 'State was not run because onfail req did not change',
                            '__state_ran__': False,
                            '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                            '__sls__': low['__sls__']}
            self.__run_num += 1
        elif status == 'onchanges':
            start_time, duration = _calculate_fake_duration()
            running[tag] = {'changes': {},
                            'result': True,
                            'duration': duration,
                            'start_time': start_time,
                            'comment': 'State was not run because none of the onchanges reqs changed',
                            '__state_ran__': False,
                            '__run_num__': self.__run_num,
                            '__sls__': low['__sls__']}
            self.__run_num += 1
        else:
            if low.get('__prereq__'):
                self.pre[tag] = self.call(low, chunks, running)
            else:
                running[tag] = self.call(low, chunks, running)
        if tag in running:
            running[tag]['__saltfunc__'] = '{0}.{1}'.format(low['state'], low['fun'])
            self.event(running[tag], len(chunks), fire_event=low.get('fire_event'))
        return running

Response:
Check if a chunk has any requires execute the requires and then the then
        the chunk