Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def reverse_ip_whois(self, query=None, ip=None, country=None, server=None, include_total_count=False, page=1,
                         **kwargs):
        """Pass in an IP address or a list of free text query terms."""
        if (ip and query) or not (ip or query):
            raise ValueError('Query or IP Address (but not both) must be defined')

        return self._results('reverse-ip-whois', '/v1/reverse-ip-whois', query=query, ip=ip, country=country,
                            server=server, include_total_count=include_total_count, page=page, items_path=('records', ),
                            **kwargs)

Response: This API endpoint returns a list of free text records for a given IP address or a list of free text query terms.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
reverse name server domains.

Response:
def reverse_name_server(self, query, limit=None, **kwargs):
        """Pass in a domain name or a name server."""
        return self._results('reverse-name-server', '/v1/{0}/name-server-domains'.format(query),
                            items_path=('primary_domains', ), limit=limit, **kwargs)


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
searches for a list of terms to search for in the Whois record.

Response:
def reverse_whois(self, query, exclude=[], scope='current', mode=None, **kwargs):
        """List of one or more terms to search for in the Whois record,
           as a Python list or separated with the pipe character ( | ).
        """
        return self._results('reverse-whois', '/v1/reverse-whois', terms=delimited(query), exclude=delimited(exclude),
                            scope=scope, mode=mode, **kwargs)


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
passing in a domain name.

Response:
def whois_history(self, query, **kwargs):
        """Pass in a domain name."""
        return self._results('whois-history', '/v1/{0}/whois/history'.format(query), items_path=('history', ), **kwargs)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def phisheye(self, query, days_back=None, **kwargs):
        return self._results('phisheye', '/v1/phisheye', query=query, days_back=days_back, items_path=('domains', ),
                             **kwargs)

Response: Returns the domain results for the specified term for today or the specified number of days_back.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def phisheye_term_list(self, include_inactive=False, **kwargs):
        return self._results('phisheye_term_list', '/v1/phisheye/term-list', include_inactive=include_inactive,
                             items_path=('terms', ), **kwargs)

Response: Provides a list of terms that are set up for this account.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def iris(self, domain=None, ip=None, email=None, nameserver=None, registrar=None, registrant=None,
             registrant_org=None, **kwargs):
        """Performs a search for the provided search terms ANDed together,
           returning the pivot engine row data for the resulting domains.
        """
        if ((not domain and not ip and not email and not nameserver and not registrar and not registrant and not
             registrant_org and not kwargs)):
            raise ValueError('At least one search term must be specified')

        return self._results('iris', '/v1/iris', domain=domain, ip=ip, email=email, nameserver=nameserver,
                             registrar=registrar, registrant=registrant, registrant_org=registrant_org,
                             items_path=('results', ), **kwargs)

Response: Performs a search for the provided search terms ANDed together and returns the pivot engine row data for the resulting domains.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def risk(self, domain, **kwargs):
        return self._results('risk', '/v1/risk', items_path=('components', ), domain=domain, cls=Reputation,
                             **kwargs)

Response: Returns back the risk score for a given domain


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def risk_evidence(self, domain, **kwargs):
        return self._results('risk-evidence', '/v1/risk/evidence/', items_path=('components', ), domain=domain,
                             **kwargs)

Response: Returns back the detailed risk evidence associated with a given domain


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def iris_enrich(self, *domains, **kwargs):
        if not domains:
            raise ValueError('One or more domains to enrich must be provided')

        domains = ','.join(domains)
        data_updated_after = kwargs.get('data_updated_after', None)
        if hasattr(data_updated_after, 'strftime'):
            data_updated_after = data_updated_after.strftime('%Y-%M-%d')

        return self._results('iris-enrich', '/v1/iris-enrich/', domain=domains, data_updated_after=data_updated_after,
                             items_path=('results', ), **kwargs)

Response: Returns back enriched data related to the specified domains using our Iris Enrich service.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
returns back a list of domains based on the provided filters.

Response:
def iris_investigate(self, domains=None, data_updated_after=None, expiration_date=None,
                         create_date=None, active=None, **kwargs):
        """Returns back a list of domains based on the provided filters.
        The following filters are available beyond what is parameterized as kwargs:

            - ip: Search for domains having this IP.
            - email: Search for domains with this email in their data.
            - email_domain: Search for domains where the email address uses this domain.
            - nameserver_host: Search for domains with this nameserver.
            - nameserver_domain: Search for domains with a nameserver that has this domain.
            - nameserver_ip: Search for domains with a nameserver on this IP.
            - registrar: Search for domains with this registrar.
            - registrant: Search for domains with this registrant name.
            - registrant_org: Search for domains with this registrant organization.
            - mailserver_host: Search for domains with this mailserver.
            - mailserver_domain: Search for domains with a mailserver that has this domain.
            - mailserver_ip: Search for domains with a mailserver on this IP.
            - redirect_domain: Search for domains which redirect to this domain.
            - ssl_hash: Search for domains which have an SSL certificate with this hash.
            - ssl_subject: Search for domains which have an SSL certificate with this subject string.
            - ssl_email: Search for domains which have an SSL certificate with this email in it.
            - ssl_org: Search for domains which have an SSL certificate with this organization in it.
            - google_analytics: Search for domains which have this Google Analytics code.
            - adsense: Search for domains which have this AdSense code.
            - tld: Filter by TLD. Must be combined with another parameter.

        You can loop over results of your investigation as if it was a native Python list:

            for result in api.iris_investigate(ip='199.30.228.112'):  # Enables looping over all related results

        api.iris_investigate(QUERY)['results_count'] Returns the number of results returned with this request
        api.iris_investigate(QUERY)['total_count'] Returns the number of results available within Iris
        api.iris_investigate(QUERY)['missing_domains'] Returns any domains that we were unable to find
        api.iris_investigate(QUERY)['limit_exceeded'] Returns True if you've exceeded your API usage
        api.iris_investigate(QUERY)['position'] Returns the position key that can be used to retrieve the next page:
            next_page = api.iris_investigate(QUERY, position=api.iris_investigate(QUERY)['position'])

        for enrichment in api.iris_enrich(i):  # Enables looping over all returned enriched domains

        """
        if not (kwargs or domains):
            raise ValueError('Need to define investigation using kwarg filters or domains')

        if type(domains) in (list, tuple):
            domains = ','.join(domains)
        if hasattr(data_updated_after, 'strftime'):
            data_updated_after = data_updated_after.strftime('%Y-%M-%d')
        if hasattr(expiration_date, 'strftime'):
            expiration_date = expiration_date.strftime('%Y-%M-%d')
        if hasattr(create_date, 'strftime'):
            create_date = create_date.strftime('%Y-%M-%d')
        if type(active) == bool:
            active = str(active).lower()

        return self._results('iris-investigate', '/v1/iris-investigate/', domain=domains,
                             data_updated_after=data_updated_after, expiration_date=expiration_date,
                             create_date=create_date, items_path=('results', ), **kwargs)


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def init(self):
        url = 'https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/%s/history' % (self.ticker)
        r = requests.get(url)
        txt = r.content
        cookie = r.cookies['B']
        pattern = re.compile('.*"CrumbStore":\{"crumb":"(?P<crumb>[^"]+)"\}')

        for line in txt.splitlines():
            m = pattern.match(line.decode("utf-8"))
            if m is not None:
                crumb = m.groupdict()['crumb']
                crumb = crumb.replace(u'\\u002F', '/')
        return cookie, crumb

Response: Returns a tuple of cookie and crumb used in the request


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
returning a list of historical data from Yahoo Finance

Response:
def getData(self, events):
        """Returns a list of historical data from Yahoo Finance"""
        if self.interval not in ["1d", "1wk", "1mo"]:
            raise ValueError("Incorrect interval: valid intervals are 1d, 1wk, 1mo")

        url = self.api_url % (self.ticker, self.start, self.end, self.interval, events, self.crumb)

        data = requests.get(url, cookies={'B':self.cookie})
        content = StringIO(data.content.decode("utf-8"))
        return pd.read_csv(content, sep=',')


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def _get_mount_methods(self, disk_type):
        if self.disk_mounter == 'auto':
            methods = []

            def add_method_if_exists(method):
                if (method == 'avfs' and _util.command_exists('avfsd')) or \
                        _util.command_exists(method):
                    methods.append(method)

            if self.read_write:
                add_method_if_exists('xmount')
            else:
                if disk_type == 'encase':
                    add_method_if_exists('ewfmount')
                elif disk_type == 'vmdk':
                    add_method_if_exists('vmware-mount')
                    add_method_if_exists('affuse')
                elif disk_type == 'dd':
                    add_method_if_exists('affuse')
                elif disk_type == 'compressed':
                    add_method_if_exists('avfs')
                elif disk_type == 'qcow2':
                    add_method_if_exists('qemu-nbd')
                elif disk_type == 'vdi':
                    add_method_if_exists('qemu-nbd')
                add_method_if_exists('xmount')
        else:
            methods = [self.disk_mounter]
        return methods

Response: Finds which mount methods are suitable for the specified disk type. Returns a list of all suitable mount methods.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def _mount_avfs(self):

        self._paths['avfs'] = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='image_mounter_avfs_')

        # start by calling the mountavfs command to initialize avfs
        _util.check_call_(['avfsd', self._paths['avfs'], '-o', 'allow_other'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)

        # no multifile support for avfs
        avfspath = self._paths['avfs'] + '/' + os.path.abspath(self.paths[0]) + '#'
        targetraw = os.path.join(self.mountpoint, 'avfs')

        os.symlink(avfspath, targetraw)
        logger.debug("Symlinked {} with {}".format(avfspath, targetraw))
        raw_path = self.get_raw_path()
        logger.debug("Raw path to avfs is {}".format(raw_path))
        if raw_path is None:
            raise MountpointEmptyError()

Response: Mounts the AVFS filesystem.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
mount the base image on a temporary location using the mount methods stored in self. method.

Response:
def mount(self):
        """Mounts the base image on a temporary location using the mount method stored in :attr:`method`. If mounting
        was successful, :attr:`mountpoint` is set to the temporary mountpoint.

        If :attr:`read_write` is enabled, a temporary read-write cache is also created and stored in :attr:`rwpath`.

        :return: whether the mounting was successful
        :rtype: bool
        """

        if self.parser.casename:
            self.mountpoint = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='image_mounter_', suffix='_' + self.parser.casename)
        else:
            self.mountpoint = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='image_mounter_')

        if self.read_write:
            self.rwpath = tempfile.mkstemp(prefix="image_mounter_rw_cache_")[1]

        disk_type = self.get_disk_type()
        methods = self._get_mount_methods(disk_type)

        cmds = []
        for method in methods:
            if method == 'avfs':  # avfs does not participate in the fallback stuff, unfortunately
                self._mount_avfs()
                self.disk_mounter = method
                self.was_mounted = True
                self.is_mounted = True
                return

            elif method == 'dummy':
                os.rmdir(self.mountpoint)
                self.mountpoint = ""
                logger.debug("Raw path to dummy is {}".format(self.get_raw_path()))
                self.disk_mounter = method
                self.was_mounted = True
                self.is_mounted = True
                return

            elif method == 'xmount':
                cmds.append(['xmount', ])
                if self.read_write:
                    cmds[-1].extend(['--cache', self.rwpath])
                cmds[-1].extend(['--in', 'ewf' if disk_type == 'encase' else 'dd'])
                cmds[-1].extend(self.paths)  # specify all paths, xmount needs this :(
                cmds[-1].append(self.mountpoint)

            elif method == 'affuse':
                cmds.extend([['affuse', '-o', 'allow_other', self.paths[0], self.mountpoint],
                             ['affuse', self.paths[0], self.mountpoint]])

            elif method == 'ewfmount':
                cmds.extend([['ewfmount', '-X', 'allow_other', self.paths[0], self.mountpoint],
                             ['ewfmount', self.paths[0], self.mountpoint]])

            elif method == 'vmware-mount':
                cmds.append(['vmware-mount', '-r', '-f', self.paths[0], self.mountpoint])

            elif method == 'qemu-nbd':
                _util.check_output_(['modprobe', 'nbd', 'max_part=63'])  # Load nbd driver
                try:
                    self._paths['nbd'] = _util.get_free_nbd_device()  # Get free nbd device
                except NoNetworkBlockAvailableError:
                    logger.warning("No free network block device found.", exc_info=True)
                    raise
                cmds.extend([['qemu-nbd', '--read-only', '-c', self._paths['nbd'], self.paths[0]]])

            else:
                raise ArgumentError("Unknown mount method {0}".format(self.disk_mounter))

        for cmd in cmds:
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                _util.check_call_(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
                # mounting does not seem to be instant, add a timer here
                time.sleep(.1)
            except Exception:
                logger.warning('Could not mount {0}, trying other method'.format(self.paths[0]), exc_info=True)
                continue
            else:
                raw_path = self.get_raw_path()
                logger.debug("Raw path to disk is {}".format(raw_path))
                self.disk_mounter = cmd[0]

                if raw_path is None:
                    raise MountpointEmptyError()
                self.was_mounted = True
                self.is_mounted = True
                return

        logger.error('Unable to mount {0}'.format(self.paths[0]))
        os.rmdir(self.mountpoint)
        self.mountpoint = ""
        raise MountError()


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def get_raw_path(self):

        if self.disk_mounter == 'dummy':
            return self.paths[0]
        else:
            if self.disk_mounter == 'avfs' and os.path.isdir(os.path.join(self.mountpoint, 'avfs')):
                logger.debug("AVFS mounted as a directory, will look in directory for (random) file.")
                # there is no support for disks inside disks, so this will fail to work for zips containing
                # E01 files or so.
                searchdirs = (os.path.join(self.mountpoint, 'avfs'), self.mountpoint)
            else:
                searchdirs = (self.mountpoint, )

            raw_path = []
            if self._paths.get('nbd'):
                raw_path.append(self._paths['nbd'])

            for searchdir in searchdirs:
                # avfs: apparently it is not a dir
                for pattern in ['*.dd', '*.iso', '*.raw', '*.dmg', 'ewf1', 'flat', 'avfs']:
                    raw_path.extend(glob.glob(os.path.join(searchdir, pattern)))

            if not raw_path:
                logger.warning("No viable mount file found in {}.".format(searchdirs))
                return None
            return raw_path[0]

Response: Returns the raw path to the mounted disk image i. e. the raw. dd. iso. raw or. ewf1. flat file.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def detect_volumes(self, single=None):
        # prevent adding the same volumes twice
        if self.volumes.has_detected:
            for v in self.volumes:
                yield v

        elif single:
            for v in self.volumes.detect_volumes(method='single'):
                yield v

        else:
            # if single == False or single == None, loop over all volumes
            amount = 0
            try:
                for v in self.volumes.detect_volumes():
                    amount += 1
                    yield v
            except ImageMounterError:
                pass  # ignore and continue to single mount

            # if single == None and no volumes were mounted, use single_volume
            if single is None and amount == 0:
                logger.info("Detecting as single volume instead")
                for v in self.volumes.detect_volumes(method='single', force=True):
                    yield v

Response: Generator that returns the list of volumes that are mounted on the Disk.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def init(self, single=None, only_mount=None, skip_mount=None, swallow_exceptions=True):

        self.mount()
        self.volumes.preload_volume_data()

        for v in self.init_volumes(single, only_mount=only_mount, skip_mount=skip_mount,
                                   swallow_exceptions=swallow_exceptions):
            yield v

Response: Calls the mount method and returns all detected volumes.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def init_volumes(self, single=None, only_mount=None, skip_mount=None, swallow_exceptions=True):

        for volume in self.detect_volumes(single=single):
            for vol in volume.init(only_mount=only_mount, skip_mount=skip_mount,
                                   swallow_exceptions=swallow_exceptions):
                yield vol

Response: Generator that detects and mounts all volumes in the disk.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
get a list of all volumes in this disk including volumes that are contained in other volumes.

Response:
def get_volumes(self):
        """Gets a list of all volumes in this disk, including volumes that are contained in other volumes."""

        volumes = []
        for v in self.volumes:
            volumes.extend(v.get_volumes())
        return volumes


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def unmount(self, remove_rw=False, allow_lazy=False):

        for m in list(sorted(self.volumes, key=lambda v: v.mountpoint or "", reverse=True)):
            try:
                m.unmount(allow_lazy=allow_lazy)
            except ImageMounterError:
                logger.warning("Error unmounting volume {0}".format(m.mountpoint))

        if self._paths.get('nbd'):
            _util.clean_unmount(['qemu-nbd', '-d'], self._paths['nbd'], rmdir=False)

        if self.mountpoint:
            try:
                _util.clean_unmount(['fusermount', '-u'], self.mountpoint)
            except SubsystemError:
                if not allow_lazy:
                    raise
                _util.clean_unmount(['fusermount', '-uz'], self.mountpoint)

        if self._paths.get('avfs'):
            try:
                _util.clean_unmount(['fusermount', '-u'], self._paths['avfs'])
            except SubsystemError:
                if not allow_lazy:
                    raise
                _util.clean_unmount(['fusermount', '-uz'], self._paths['avfs'])

        if self.rw_active() and remove_rw:
            os.remove(self.rwpath)

        self.is_mounted = False

Response: Unmounts all ties of this image.


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
making a new argument parser.

Response:
def _make_argparser(self):
        """Makes a new argument parser."""
        self.argparser = ShellArgumentParser(prog='')
        subparsers = self.argparser.add_subparsers()

        for name in self.get_names():
            if name.startswith('parser_'):
                parser = subparsers.add_parser(name[7:])
                parser.set_defaults(func=getattr(self, 'arg_' + name[7:]))
                getattr(self, name)(parser)

        self.argparser_completer = None

        try:
            import argcomplete
        except ImportError:
            pass
        else:
            os.environ.setdefault("_ARGCOMPLETE_COMP_WORDBREAKS", " \t\"'")
            self.argparser_completer = argcomplete.CompletionFinder(self.argparser)


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
overriding to reset the argument parser after every completion

Response:
def complete(self, text, state):
        """Overridden to reset the argument parser after every completion (argcomplete fails :()"""
        result = cmd.Cmd.complete(self, text, state)
        if self.argparser_completer:
            self._make_argparser()
            # argparser screws up with internal states, this is the best way to fix it for now
        return result


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def default(self, line):

        if any((line.startswith(x) for x in self.argparse_names())):
            try:
                args = self.argparser.parse_args(shlex.split(line))
            except Exception:  # intentionally catches also other errors in argparser
                pass
            else:
                args.func(args)
        else:
            cmd.Cmd.default(self, line)

Response: Overriding default to get access to any argparse commands we have specified.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def completedefault(self, text, line, begidx, endidx):
        if self.argparser_completer and any((line.startswith(x) for x in self.argparse_names())):
            self.argparser_completer.rl_complete(line, 0)
            return [x[begidx:] for x in self.argparser_completer._rl_matches]
        else:
            return []

Response: Return a list of strings that can be used to complete the given line.


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
patch to also return argparse commands

Response:
def completenames(self, text, *ignored):
        """Patched to also return argparse commands"""
        return sorted(cmd.Cmd.completenames(self, text, *ignored) + self.argparse_names(text))


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def do_help(self, arg):
        if not arg or arg not in self.argparse_names():
            cmd.Cmd.do_help(self, arg)
        else:
            try:
                self.argparser.parse_args([arg, '--help'])
            except Exception:
                pass

Response: Patched to show help for arparse commands


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def print_topics(self, header, cmds, cmdlen, maxcol):
        if header == self.doc_header:
            cmds.extend(self.argparse_names())
        cmd.Cmd.print_topics(self, header, sorted(cmds), cmdlen, maxcol)

Response: Patched to show all argparse commands as being documented


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
loading the parser if not already set loads the parser

Response:
def preloop(self):
        """if the parser is not already set, loads the parser."""
        if not self.parser:
            self.stdout.write("Welcome to imagemounter {version}".format(version=__version__))
            self.stdout.write("\n")

            self.parser = ImageParser()
            for p in self.args.paths:
                self.onecmd('disk "{}"'.format(p))


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def onecmd(self, line):
        try:
            return cmd.Cmd.onecmd(self, line)
        except Exception as e:
            print("Critical error.", e)

Response: Do not crash the entire program when a single command fails.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
returns all indexes available in the parser

Response:
def _get_all_indexes(self):
        """Returns all indexes available in the parser"""
        if self.parser:
            return [v.index for v in self.parser.get_volumes()] + [d.index for d in self.parser.disks]
        else:
            return None


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
return a volume disk tuple for the specified index

Response:
def _get_by_index(self, index):
        """Returns a volume,disk tuple for the specified index"""
        volume_or_disk = self.parser.get_by_index(index)
        volume, disk = (volume_or_disk, None) if not isinstance(volume_or_disk, Disk) else (None, volume_or_disk)
        return volume, disk


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def preview_unmount(self):

        commands = []
        for mountpoint in self.find_bindmounts():
            commands.append('umount {0}'.format(mountpoint))
        for mountpoint in self.find_mounts():
            commands.append('umount {0}'.format(mountpoint))
            commands.append('rm -Rf {0}'.format(mountpoint))
        for vgname, pvname in self.find_volume_groups():
            commands.append('lvchange -a n {0}'.format(vgname))
            commands.append('losetup -d {0}'.format(pvname))
        for device in self.find_loopbacks():
            commands.append('losetup -d {0}'.format(device))
        for mountpoint in self.find_base_images():
            commands.append('fusermount -u {0}'.format(mountpoint))
            commands.append('rm -Rf {0}'.format(mountpoint))
        for folder in self.find_clean_dirs():
            cmd = 'rm -Rf {0}'.format(folder)
            if cmd not in commands:
                commands.append(cmd)
        return commands

Response: Returns a list of all commands that would be executed if the unmount method would be called.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
calling all unmount methods in the correct order.

Response:
def unmount(self):
        """Calls all unmount methods in the correct order."""

        self.unmount_bindmounts()
        self.unmount_mounts()
        self.unmount_volume_groups()
        self.unmount_loopbacks()
        self.unmount_base_images()
        self.clean_dirs()


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def _index_mountpoints(self):

        # find all mountponits
        self.mountpoints = {}
        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            result = _util.check_output_(['mount'])
            for line in result.splitlines():
                m = re.match(r'(.+) on (.+) type (.+) \((.+)\)', line)
                if m:
                    self.mountpoints[m.group(2)] = (m.group(1), m.group(3), m.group(4))
        except Exception:
            pass

Response: Finds all mountpoints and stores them in self. mountpoints


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def _index_loopbacks(self):

        self.loopbacks = {}
        try:
            result = _util.check_output_(['losetup', '-a'])
            for line in result.splitlines():
                m = re.match(r'(.+): (.+) \((.+)\).*', line)
                if m:
                    self.loopbacks[m.group(1)] = m.group(3)
        except Exception:
            pass

Response: Finds all loopbacks and stores them in self. loopbacks


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def find_bindmounts(self):

        for mountpoint, (orig, fs, opts) in self.mountpoints.items():
            if 'bind' in opts and re.match(self.re_pattern, mountpoint):
                yield mountpoint

Response: Yields all bind mountpoints that are inside mounts that match the pattern.


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
finds all mountpoints that are mounted to a directory matching re_pattern or originate from a .

Response:
def find_mounts(self):
        """Finds all mountpoints that are mounted to a directory matching :attr:`re_pattern` or originate from a
        directory matching :attr:`orig_re_pattern`.
        """

        for mountpoint, (orig, fs, opts) in self.mountpoints.items():
            if 'bind' not in opts and (re.match(self.orig_re_pattern, orig) or
                                       (self.be_greedy and re.match(self.re_pattern, mountpoint))):
                yield mountpoint


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
find all mountpoints that are mounted to a directory matching the original pattern.

Response:
def find_base_images(self):
        """Finds all mountpoints that are mounted to a directory matching :attr:`orig_re_pattern`."""

        for mountpoint, _ in self.mountpoints.items():
            if re.match(self.orig_re_pattern, mountpoint):
                yield mountpoint


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
find all volume groups that are mounted through a loopback originating from disk image.

Response:
def find_volume_groups(self):
        """Finds all volume groups that are mounted through a loopback originating from :attr:`orig_re_pattern`.

        Generator yields tuples of vgname, pvname
        """

        os.environ['LVM_SUPPRESS_FD_WARNINGS'] = '1'

        # find volume groups
        try:
            result = _util.check_output_(['pvdisplay'])
            pvname = vgname = None
            for line in result.splitlines():
                if '--- Physical volume ---' in line:
                    pvname = vgname = None
                elif "PV Name" in line:
                    pvname = line.replace("PV Name", "").strip()
                elif "VG Name" in line:
                    vgname = line.replace("VG Name", "").strip()

                if pvname and vgname:
                    try:
                        # unmount volume groups with a physical volume originating from a disk image
                        if re.match(self.orig_re_pattern, self.loopbacks[pvname]):
                            yield vgname, pvname
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    pvname = vgname = None

        except Exception:
            pass


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def find_loopbacks(self):

        for dev, source in self.loopbacks.items():
            if re.match(self.orig_re_pattern, source):
                yield dev

Response: Finds all loopbacks originating from self. orig_re_pattern. Generator yields device names.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def unmount_bindmounts(self):

        for mountpoint in self.find_bindmounts():
            _util.clean_unmount(['umount'], mountpoint, rmdir=False)

Response: Unmounts all bind mounts.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def unmount_volume_groups(self):

        for vgname, pvname in self.find_volume_groups():
            _util.check_output_(['lvchange', '-a', 'n', vgname])
            _util.check_output_(['losetup', '-d', pvname])

Response: Unmounts all volume groups and related loopback devices.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def unmount_loopbacks(self):

        # re-index loopback devices
        self._index_loopbacks()

        for dev in self.find_loopbacks():
            _util.check_output_(['losetup', '-d', dev])

Response: Unmounts all loopback devices.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def find_clean_dirs(self):

        for folder in glob.glob(self.glob_pattern):
            if re.match(self.re_pattern, folder):
                yield folder
        for folder in glob.glob(self.orig_glob_pattern):
            if re.match(self.orig_re_pattern, folder):
                yield folder

Response: Finds all temporary directories according to the glob and re patterns that should be cleaned.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def expand_path(path):
    if is_encase(path):
        return glob.glob(path[:-2] + '??') or [path]
    ext_match = re.match(r'^.*\.(\d{2,})$', path)
    if ext_match is not None:
        ext_size = len(ext_match.groups()[-1])
        return glob.glob(path[:-ext_size] + '[0-9]' * ext_size) or [path]
    else:
        return [path]

Response: Expand the given path to either an Encase image or a dd image


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
adds a disk specified by the path to the ImageParser.

Response:
def add_disk(self, path, force_disk_indexes=True, **args):
        """Adds a disk specified by the path to the ImageParser.

        :param path: The path to the disk volume
        :param force_disk_indexes: If true, always uses disk indexes. If False, only uses disk indexes if this is the
                                   second volume you add. If you plan on using this method, always leave this True.
                                   If you add a second disk when the previous disk has no index, an error is raised.
        :param args: Arguments to pass to the constructor of the Disk.
        """
        if self.disks and self.disks[0].index is None:
            raise DiskIndexError("First disk has no index.")

        if force_disk_indexes or self.disks:
            index = len(self.disks) + 1
        else:
            index = None
        disk = Disk(self, path, index=str(index) if index else None, **args)
        self.disks.append(disk)
        return disk


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
handle all important disk - mounting tasks i. e. calls the Disk. init function on all underlying disks and yields every volume that is encountered including volumes that have not been mounted.

Response:
def init(self, single=None, swallow_exceptions=True):
        """Handles all important disk-mounting tasks, i.e. calls the :func:`Disk.init` function on all underlying
        disks. It yields every volume that is encountered, including volumes that have not been mounted.

        :param single: indicates whether the :class:`Disk` should be mounted as a single disk, not as a single disk or
            whether it should try both (defaults to :const:`None`)
        :type single: bool|None
        :param swallow_exceptions: specify whether you want the init calls to swallow exceptions
        :rtype: generator
        """
        for d in self.disks:
            for v in d.init(single, swallow_exceptions=swallow_exceptions):
                yield v


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
mount all disks in the parser i. e. calling disk. mount on all underlying disks.

Response:
def mount_disks(self):
        """Mounts all disks in the parser, i.e. calling :func:`Disk.mount` on all underlying disks. You probably want to
        use :func:`init` instead.

        :return: whether all mounts have succeeded
        :rtype: bool"""

        result = True
        for disk in self.disks:
            result = disk.mount() and result
        return result


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
indicating whether a read - write cache is active in any of the disks.

Response:
def rw_active(self):
        """Indicates whether a read-write cache is active in any of the disks.

        :rtype: bool"""
        result = False
        for disk in self.disks:
            result = disk.rw_active() or result
        return result


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
detect volumes in all disks and yields the volumes.

Response:
def init_volumes(self, single=None, only_mount=None, skip_mount=None, swallow_exceptions=True):
        """Detects volumes (as volume system or as single volume) in all disks and yields the volumes. This calls
        :func:`Disk.init_volumes` on all disks and should be called after :func:`mount_disks`.

        :rtype: generator"""

        for disk in self.disks:
            logger.info("Mounting volumes in {0}".format(disk))
            for volume in disk.init_volumes(single, only_mount, skip_mount, swallow_exceptions=swallow_exceptions):
                yield volume


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
returning a Volume or Disk by its index.

Response:
def get_by_index(self, index):
        """Returns a Volume or Disk by its index."""

        try:
            return self[index]
        except KeyError:
            for v in self.get_volumes():
                if v.index == str(index):
                    return v
        raise KeyError(index)


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
gets a list of all volumes of all disks concatenating it with all disks.

Response:
def get_volumes(self):
        """Gets a list of all volumes of all disks, concatenating :func:`Disk.get_volumes` of all disks.

        :rtype: list"""

        volumes = []
        for disk in self.disks:
            volumes.extend(disk.get_volumes())
        return volumes


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def clean(self, remove_rw=False, allow_lazy=False):

        # To ensure clean unmount after reconstruct, we sort across all volumes in all our disks to provide a proper
        # order
        volumes = list(sorted(self.get_volumes(), key=lambda v: v.mountpoint or "", reverse=True))
        for v in volumes:
            try:
                v.unmount(allow_lazy=allow_lazy)
            except ImageMounterError:
                logger.error("Error unmounting volume {0}".format(v.mountpoint))

        # Now just clean the rest.
        for disk in self.disks:
            disk.unmount(remove_rw, allow_lazy=allow_lazy)

Response: Cleans all volumes of all disks and all disks.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def force_clean(self, remove_rw=False, allow_lazy=False, retries=5, sleep_interval=0.5):

        while True:
            try:
                self.clean(remove_rw=remove_rw, allow_lazy=allow_lazy)
            except ImageMounterError:
                if retries == 0:
                    raise
                retries -= 1
                time.sleep(sleep_interval)
            else:
                return

Response: Attempts to call the clean method but will retry automatically if an error is raised.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
reconstructing the filesystem of all volumes mounted by the parser by inspecting the last mount point and bind mounting everything.

Response:
def reconstruct(self):
        """Reconstructs the filesystem of all volumes mounted by the parser by inspecting the last mount point and
        bind mounting everything.

        :raises: NoRootFoundError if no root could be found
        :return: the root :class:`Volume`
        """
        volumes = list(sorted((v for v in self.get_volumes() if v.mountpoint and v.info.get('lastmountpoint')),
                              key=lambda v: v.numeric_index))

        try:
            root = list(filter(lambda x: x.info.get('lastmountpoint') == '/', volumes))[0]
        except IndexError:
            logger.error("Could not find / while reconstructing, aborting!")
            raise NoRootFoundError()

        volumes.remove(root)

        for v in volumes:
            if v.info.get('lastmountpoint') == root.info.get('lastmountpoint'):
                logger.debug("Skipping volume %s as it has the same root as %s", v, root)
                continue
            v.bindmount(os.path.join(root.mountpoint, v.info.get('lastmountpoint')[1:]))
        return root


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
creating a subvolume adds it to this class and returns it.

Response:
def _make_subvolume(self, **args):
        """Creates a subvolume, adds it to this class and returns it."""

        from imagemounter.volume import Volume
        v = Volume(disk=self.disk, parent=self.parent,
                   volume_detector=self.volume_detector,
                   **args)  # vstype is not passed down, let it decide for itself.
        self.volumes.append(v)
        return v


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def _make_single_subvolume(self, only_one=True, **args):

        if only_one and self.volumes:
            return self.volumes[0]

        if self.parent.index is None:
            index = '0'
        else:
            index = '{0}.0'.format(self.parent.index)
        volume = self._make_subvolume(index=index, **args)
        return volume

Response: Creates a subvolume for this volume system.


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def _determine_auto_detection_method():

        if dependencies.pytsk3.is_available:
            return 'pytsk3'
        elif dependencies.mmls.is_available:
            return 'mmls'
        elif dependencies.parted.is_available:
            return 'parted'
        else:
            raise PrerequisiteFailedError("No valid detection method is installed.")

Response: Determine whether auto detection method is available.


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
load the disktype data from GPT volume systems.

Response:
def _load_disktype_data(self):
        """Calls the :command:`disktype` command and obtains the disk GUID from GPT volume systems. As we
        are running the tool anyway, the label is also extracted from the tool if it is not yet set.

        The disktype data is only loaded and not assigned to volumes yet.
        """

        if not _util.command_exists('disktype'):
            logger.warning("disktype not installed, could not detect volume type")
            return None

        disktype = _util.check_output_(['disktype', self.parent.get_raw_path()]).strip()

        current_partition = None
        for line in disktype.splitlines():
            if not line:
                continue
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                line = line.strip()

                find_partition_nr = re.match(r"^Partition (\d+):", line)
                if find_partition_nr:
                    current_partition = int(find_partition_nr.group(1))
                elif current_partition is not None:
                    if line.startswith("Type ") and "GUID" in line:
                        self._disktype[current_partition]['guid'] = \
                            line[line.index('GUID') + 5:-1].strip()  # output is between ()
                    elif line.startswith("Partition Name "):
                        self._disktype[current_partition]['label'] = \
                            line[line.index('Name ') + 6:-1].strip()  # output is between ""
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("Error while parsing disktype output")
                return


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def _assign_disktype_data(self, volume, slot=None):

        if slot is None:
            slot = volume.slot
        if slot in self._disktype:
            data = self._disktype[slot]
            if not volume.info.get('guid') and 'guid' in data:
                volume.info['guid'] = data['guid']
            if not volume.info.get('label') and 'label' in data:
                volume.info['label'] = data['label']

Response: Assigns cached disktype data to a volume.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def _format_index(self, volume_system, idx):

        if volume_system.parent.index is not None:
            return '{0}.{1}'.format(volume_system.parent.index, idx)
        else:
            return str(idx)

Response: Returns a formatted index given the disk index idx.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
detect a single volume. It should not be called other than from a disk.

Response:
def detect(self, volume_system, vstype='detect'):
        """'Detects' a single volume. It should not be called other than from a :class:`Disk`."""
        volume = volume_system._make_single_subvolume(offset=0)
        is_directory = os.path.isdir(volume_system.parent.get_raw_path())

        if is_directory:
            filesize = _util.check_output_(['du', '-scDb', volume_system.parent.get_raw_path()]).strip()
            if filesize:
                volume.size = int(filesize.splitlines()[-1].split()[0])

        else:
            description = _util.check_output_(['file', '-sL', volume_system.parent.get_raw_path()]).strip()
            if description:
                # description is the part after the :, until the first comma
                volume.info['fsdescription'] = description.split(': ', 1)[1].split(',', 1)[0].strip()
                if 'size' in description:
                    volume.size = int(re.findall(r'size:? (\d+)', description)[0])
                else:
                    volume.size = os.path.getsize(volume_system.parent.get_raw_path())

        volume.flag = 'alloc'
        volume_system.volume_source = 'single'
        volume_system._assign_disktype_data(volume)
        yield volume


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
finding all volumes based on the pytsk3 library.

Response:
def _find_volumes(self, volume_system, vstype='detect'):
        """Finds all volumes based on the pytsk3 library."""

        try:
            # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
            import pytsk3
        except ImportError:
            logger.error("pytsk3 not installed, could not detect volumes")
            raise ModuleNotFoundError("pytsk3")

        baseimage = None
        try:
            # ewf raw image is now available on base mountpoint
            # either as ewf1 file or as .dd file
            raw_path = volume_system.parent.get_raw_path()
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                baseimage = pytsk3.Img_Info(raw_path)
            except Exception:
                logger.error("Failed retrieving image info (possible empty image).", exc_info=True)
                return []

            try:
                volumes = pytsk3.Volume_Info(baseimage, getattr(pytsk3, 'TSK_VS_TYPE_' + vstype.upper()),
                                             volume_system.parent.offset // volume_system.disk.block_size)
                volume_system.volume_source = 'multi'
                return volumes
            except Exception as e:
                # some bug in sleuthkit makes detection sometimes difficult, so we hack around it:
                if "(GPT or DOS at 0)" in str(e) and vstype != 'gpt':
                    volume_system.vstype = 'gpt'
                    # noinspection PyBroadException
                    try:
                        logger.warning("Error in retrieving volume info: TSK couldn't decide between GPT and DOS, "
                                       "choosing GPT for you. Use --vstype=dos to force DOS.", exc_info=True)
                        volumes = pytsk3.Volume_Info(baseimage, getattr(pytsk3, 'TSK_VS_TYPE_GPT'))
                        volume_system.volume_source = 'multi'
                        return volumes
                    except Exception as e:
                        logger.exception("Failed retrieving image info (possible empty image).")
                        raise SubsystemError(e)
                else:
                    logger.exception("Failed retrieving image info (possible empty image).")
                    raise SubsystemError(e)
        finally:
            if baseimage:
                baseimage.close()
                del baseimage


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def detect(self, volume_system, vstype='detect'):

        # for some reason, parted does not properly return extended volume types in its machine
        # output, so we need to execute it twice.
        meta_volumes = []
        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            output = _util.check_output_(['parted', volume_system.parent.get_raw_path(), 'print'], stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
            for line in output.splitlines():
                if 'extended' in line:
                    meta_volumes.append(int(line.split()[0]))
        except Exception:
            logger.exception("Failed executing parted command.")
            # skip detection of meta volumes

        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            # parted does not support passing in the vstype. It either works, or it doesn't.
            cmd = ['parted', volume_system.parent.get_raw_path(), '-sm', 'unit s', 'print free']
            output = _util.check_output_(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
            volume_system.volume_source = 'multi'
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception("Failed executing parted command")
            raise SubsystemError(e)

        num = 0
        for line in output.splitlines():
            if line.startswith("Warning") or not line or ':' not in line or line.startswith(self.parent.get_raw_path()):
                continue
            line = line[:-1]  # remove last ;
            try:
                slot, start, end, length, description = line.split(':', 4)
                if ':' in description:
                    description, label, flags = description.split(':', 2)
                else:
                    description, label, flags = description, '', ''

                try:
                    slot = int(slot)
                except ValueError:
                    continue

                volume = volume_system._make_subvolume(
                    index=self._format_index(volume_system, num),
                    offset=int(start[:-1]) * volume_system.disk.block_size,  # remove last s
                    size=int(length[:-1]) * volume_system.disk.block_size)
                volume.info['fsdescription'] = description
                if label:
                    volume.info['label'] = label
                if flags:
                    volume.info['parted_flags'] = flags

                # TODO: detection of meta volumes

                if description == 'free':
                    volume.flag = 'unalloc'
                    logger.info("Found unallocated space: block offset: {0}, length: {1}".format(start[:-1],
                                                                                length[:-1]))
                elif slot in meta_volumes:
                    volume.flag = 'meta'
                    volume.slot = slot
                    logger.info("Found meta volume: block offset: {0}, length: {1}".format(start[:-1], length[:-1]))
                else:
                    volume.flag = 'alloc'
                    volume.slot = slot
                    volume_system._assign_disktype_data(volume)
                    logger.info("Found allocated {2}: block offset: {0}, length: {1} "
                                .format(start[:-1], length[:-1], volume.info['fsdescription']))
            except AttributeError:
                logger.exception("Error while parsing parted output")
                continue

            num += 1

            yield volume

Response: Finds and mounts all volumes based on parted.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def detect(self, volume_system, vstype='detect'):

        try:
            cmd = ['mmls']
            if volume_system.parent.offset:
                cmd.extend(['-o', str(volume_system.parent.offset // volume_system.disk.block_size)])
            if vstype in ('dos', 'mac', 'bsd', 'sun', 'gpt'):
                cmd.extend(['-t', vstype])
            cmd.append(volume_system.parent.get_raw_path())
            output = _util.check_output_(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
            volume_system.volume_source = 'multi'

        except Exception as e:
            # some bug in sleuthkit makes detection sometimes difficult, so we hack around it:
            if hasattr(e, 'output') and "(GPT or DOS at 0)" in e.output.decode() and vstype != 'gpt':
                volume_system.vstype = 'gpt'
                # noinspection PyBroadException
                try:
                    logger.warning("Error in retrieving volume info: mmls couldn't decide between GPT and DOS, "
                                   "choosing GPT for you. Use --vstype=dos to force DOS.", exc_info=True)
                    cmd = ['mmls', '-t', 'gpt', self.parent.get_raw_path()]
                    output = _util.check_output_(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
                    volume_system.volume_source = 'multi'
                except Exception as e:
                    logger.exception("Failed executing mmls command")
                    raise SubsystemError(e)
            else:
                logger.exception("Failed executing mmls command")
                raise SubsystemError(e)

        output = output.split("Description", 1)[-1]
        for line in output.splitlines():
            if not line:
                continue
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                values = line.split(None, 5)

                # sometimes there are only 5 elements available
                description = ''
                index, slot, start, end, length = values[0:5]
                if len(values) > 5:
                    description = values[5]

                volume = volume_system._make_subvolume(
                    index=self._format_index(volume_system, int(index[:-1])),
                    offset=int(start) * volume_system.disk.block_size,
                    size=int(length) * volume_system.disk.block_size
                )
                volume.info['fsdescription'] = description
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("Error while parsing mmls output")
                continue

            if slot.lower() == 'meta':
                volume.flag = 'meta'
                logger.info("Found meta volume: block offset: {0}, length: {1}".format(start, length))
            elif slot.lower().startswith('-----'):
                volume.flag = 'unalloc'
                logger.info("Found unallocated space: block offset: {0}, length: {1}".format(start, length))
            else:
                volume.flag = 'alloc'
                if ":" in slot:
                    volume.slot = _util.determine_slot(*slot.split(':'))
                else:
                    volume.slot = _util.determine_slot(-1, slot)
                volume_system._assign_disktype_data(volume)
                logger.info("Found allocated {2}: block offset: {0}, length: {1} ".format(start, length,
                                                                                volume.info['fsdescription']))

            yield volume

Response: Finds and mounts all volumes based on mmls.


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
detects volume shadow copy volumes in the specified path.

Response:
def detect(self, volume_system, vstype='detect'):
        """Detect volume shadow copy volumes in the specified path."""

        path = volume_system.parent._paths['vss']

        try:
            volume_info = _util.check_output_(["vshadowinfo", "-o", str(volume_system.parent.offset),
                                               volume_system.parent.get_raw_path()])
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception("Failed obtaining info from the volume shadow copies.")
            raise SubsystemError(e)

        current_store = None
        for line in volume_info.splitlines():
            line = line.strip()
            if line.startswith("Store:"):
                idx = line.split(":")[-1].strip()
                current_store = volume_system._make_subvolume(
                    index=self._format_index(volume_system, idx), flag='alloc', offset=0
                )
                current_store._paths['vss_store'] = os.path.join(path, 'vss' + idx)
                current_store.info['fsdescription'] = 'VSS Store'
            elif line.startswith("Volume size"):
                current_store.size = int(line.split(":")[-1].strip().split()[0])
            elif line.startswith("Creation time"):
                current_store.info['creation_time'] = line.split(":")[-1].strip()

        return volume_system.volumes


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
gather information about lvolumes gathering their label size and raw path

Response:
def detect(self, volume_system, vstype='detect'):
        """Gather information about lvolumes, gathering their label, size and raw path"""

        volume_group = volume_system.parent.info.get('volume_group')

        result = _util.check_output_(["lvm", "lvdisplay", volume_group])
        cur_v = None
        for l in result.splitlines():
            if "--- Logical volume ---" in l:
                cur_v = volume_system._make_subvolume(
                    index=self._format_index(volume_system, len(volume_system)),
                    flag='alloc'
                )
                cur_v.info['fsdescription'] = 'Logical Volume'
            if "LV Name" in l:
                cur_v.info['label'] = l.replace("LV Name", "").strip()
            if "LV Size" in l:
                size, unit = l.replace("LV Size", "").strip().split(" ", 1)
                cur_v.size = int(float(size.replace(',', '.')) * {'KiB': 1024, 'MiB': 1024 ** 2,
                                                                  'GiB': 1024 ** 3, 'TiB': 1024 ** 4}.get(unit, 1))
            if "LV Path" in l:
                cur_v._paths['lv'] = l.replace("LV Path", "").strip()
                cur_v.offset = 0

        logger.info("{0} volumes found".format(len(volume_system)))
        volume_system.volume_source = 'multi'
        return volume_system.volumes


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def _get_fstype_from_parser(self, fstype=None):
        if fstype:
            self.fstype = fstype
        elif self.index in self.disk.parser.fstypes:
            self.fstype = self.disk.parser.fstypes[self.index]
        elif '*' in self.disk.parser.fstypes:
            self.fstype = self.disk.parser.fstypes['*']
        elif '?' in self.disk.parser.fstypes and self.disk.parser.fstypes['?'] is not None:
            self.fstype = "?" + self.disk.parser.fstypes['?']
        else:
            self.fstype = ""

        if self.fstype in VOLUME_SYSTEM_TYPES:
            self.volumes.vstype = self.fstype
            self.fstype = 'volumesystem'

        # convert fstype from string to a FileSystemType object
        if not isinstance(self.fstype, filesystems.FileSystemType):
            if self.fstype.startswith("?"):
                fallback = FILE_SYSTEM_TYPES[self.fstype[1:]]
                self.fstype = filesystems.FallbackFileSystemType(fallback)
            else:
                self.fstype = FILE_SYSTEM_TYPES[self.fstype]

Response: Load fstype information from the parser instance.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
get a generic description of the volume.

Response:
def get_description(self, with_size=True, with_index=True):
        """Obtains a generic description of the volume, containing the file system type, index, label and NTFS version.
        If *with_size* is provided, the volume size is also included.
        """

        desc = ''

        if with_size and self.size:
            desc += '{0} '.format(self.get_formatted_size())

        s = self.info.get('statfstype') or self.info.get('fsdescription') or '-'
        if with_index:
            desc += '{1}:{0}'.format(s, self.index)
        else:
            desc += s

        if self.info.get('label'):
            desc += ' {0}'.format(self.info.get('label'))

        if self.info.get('version'):  # NTFS
            desc += ' [{0}]'.format(self.info.get('version'))

        return desc


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
obtains the size of the volume in a human - readable format ( i. e. in TiBs GiBs or MiBs.

Response:
def get_formatted_size(self):
        """Obtains the size of the volume in a human-readable format (i.e. in TiBs, GiBs or MiBs)."""

        if self.size is not None:
            if self.size < 1024:
                return "{0} B".format(self.size)
            elif self.size < 1024 ** 2:
                return "{0} KiB".format(round(self.size / 1024, 2))
            elif self.size < 1024 ** 3:
                return "{0} MiB".format(round(self.size / 1024 ** 2, 2))
            elif self.size < 1024 ** 4:
                return "{0} GiB".format(round(self.size / 1024 ** 3, 2))
            else:
                return "{0} TiB".format(round(self.size / 1024 ** 4, 2))
        else:
            return self.size


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
retrieve the FS type from the blkid command.

Response:
def _get_blkid_type(self):
        """Retrieves the FS type from the blkid command."""
        try:
            result = _util.check_output_(['blkid', '-p', '-O', str(self.offset), self.get_raw_path()])
            if not result:
                return None

            # noinspection PyTypeChecker
            blkid_result = dict(re.findall(r'([A-Z]+)="(.+?)"', result))

            self.info['blkid_data'] = blkid_result

            if 'PTTYPE' in blkid_result and 'TYPE' not in blkid_result:
                return blkid_result.get('PTTYPE')
            else:
                return blkid_result.get('TYPE')

        except Exception:
            return None


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
checking the volume for its magic bytes and returns the magic.

Response:
def _get_magic_type(self):
        """Checks the volume for its magic bytes and returns the magic."""

        try:
            with io.open(self.disk.get_fs_path(), "rb") as file:
                file.seek(self.offset)
                fheader = file.read(min(self.size, 4096) if self.size else 4096)
        except IOError:
            logger.exception("Failed reading first 4K bytes from volume.")
            return None

        # TODO fallback to img-cat image -s blocknum | file -
        # if we were able to load the module magic
        try:
            # noinspection PyUnresolvedReferences
            import magic

            if hasattr(magic, 'from_buffer'):
                # using https://github.com/ahupp/python-magic
                logger.debug("Using python-magic Python package for file type magic")
                result = magic.from_buffer(fheader).decode()
                self.info['magic_data'] = result
                return result

            elif hasattr(magic, 'open'):
                # using Magic file extensions by Rueben Thomas (Ubuntu python-magic module)
                logger.debug("Using python-magic system package for file type magic")
                ms = magic.open(magic.NONE)
                ms.load()
                result = ms.buffer(fheader)
                ms.close()
                self.info['magic_data'] = result
                return result

            else:
                logger.warning("The python-magic module is not available, but another module named magic was found.")

        except ImportError:
            logger.warning("The python-magic module is not available.")
        except AttributeError:
            logger.warning("The python-magic module is not available, but another module named magic was found.")
        return None


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
retrieves the base mount path of the logical volume.

Response:
def get_raw_path(self, include_self=False):
        """Retrieves the base mount path of the volume. Typically equals to :func:`Disk.get_fs_path` but may also be the
        path to a logical volume. This is used to determine the source path for a mount call.

        The value returned is normally based on the parent's paths, e.g. if this volume is mounted to a more specific
        path, only its children return the more specific path, this volume itself will keep returning the same path.
        This makes for consistent use of the offset attribute. If you do not need this behaviour, you can override this
        with the include_self argument.

        This behavior, however, is not retained for paths that directly affect the volume itself, not the child volumes.
        This includes VSS stores and LV volumes.
        """

        v = self
        if not include_self:
            # lv / vss_store are exceptions, as it covers the volume itself, not the child volume
            if v._paths.get('lv'):
                return v._paths['lv']
            elif v._paths.get('vss_store'):
                return v._paths['vss_store']
            elif v.parent and v.parent != self.disk:
                v = v.parent
            else:
                return self.disk.get_fs_path()

        while True:
            if v._paths.get('lv'):
                return v._paths['lv']
            elif v._paths.get('bde'):
                return v._paths['bde'] + '/bde1'
            elif v._paths.get('luks'):
                return '/dev/mapper/' + v._paths['luks']
            elif v._paths.get('md'):
                return v._paths['md']
            elif v._paths.get('vss_store'):
                return v._paths['vss_store']

            # Only if the volume has a parent that is not a disk, we try to check the parent for a location.
            if v.parent and v.parent != self.disk:
                v = v.parent
            else:
                break
        return self.disk.get_fs_path()


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
returns a label that is safe to add to a path in the mountpoint for this volume.

Response:
def get_safe_label(self):
        """Returns a label that is safe to add to a path in the mountpoint for this volume."""

        if self.info.get('label') == '/':
            return 'root'

        suffix = re.sub(r"[/ \(\)]+", "_", self.info.get('label')) if self.info.get('label') else ""
        if suffix and suffix[0] == '_':
            suffix = suffix[1:]
        if len(suffix) > 2 and suffix[-1] == '_':
            suffix = suffix[:-1]
        return suffix


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
carving the free space of the volume.

Response:
def carve(self, freespace=True):
        """Call this method to carve the free space of the volume for (deleted) files. Note that photorec has its
        own interface that temporarily takes over the shell.

        :param freespace: indicates whether the entire volume should be carved (False) or only the free space (True)
        :type freespace: bool
        :return: string to the path where carved data is available
        :raises CommandNotFoundError: if the underlying command does not exist
        :raises SubsystemError: if the underlying command fails
        :raises NoMountpointAvailableError: if there is no mountpoint available
        :raises NoLoopbackAvailableError: if there is no loopback available (only when volume has no slot number)
        """

        self._make_mountpoint(var_name='carve', suffix="carve", in_paths=True)

        # if no slot, we need to make a loopback that we can use to carve the volume
        loopback_was_created_for_carving = False
        if not self.slot:
            if not self.loopback:
                self._find_loopback()
                # Can't carve if volume has no slot number and can't be mounted on loopback.
                loopback_was_created_for_carving = True

            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                _util.check_call_(["photorec", "/d", self._paths['carve'] + os.sep, "/cmd", self.loopback,
                                  ("freespace," if freespace else "") + "search"])

                # clean out the loop device if we created it specifically for carving
                if loopback_was_created_for_carving:
                    # noinspection PyBroadException
                    try:
                        _util.check_call_(['losetup', '-d', self.loopback])
                    except Exception:
                        pass
                    else:
                        self.loopback = ""

                return self._paths['carve']
            except Exception as e:
                logger.exception("Failed carving the volume.")
                raise SubsystemError(e)
        else:
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                _util.check_call_(["photorec", "/d", self._paths['carve'] + os.sep, "/cmd", self.get_raw_path(),
                                  str(self.slot) + (",freespace" if freespace else "") + ",search"])
                return self._paths['carve']

            except Exception as e:
                logger.exception("Failed carving the volume.")
                raise SubsystemError(e)


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def _should_mount(self, only_mount=None, skip_mount=None):

        om = only_mount is None or \
            self.index in only_mount or \
            self.info.get('lastmountpoint') in only_mount or \
            self.info.get('label') in only_mount
        sm = skip_mount is None or \
            (self.index not in skip_mount and
             self.info.get('lastmountpoint') not in skip_mount and
             self.info.get('label') not in skip_mount)
        return om and sm

Response: Indicates whether this volume should be mounted. Internal method used by imount. py


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def init(self, only_mount=None, skip_mount=None, swallow_exceptions=True):
        if swallow_exceptions:
            self.exception = None

        try:
            if not self._should_mount(only_mount, skip_mount):
                yield self
                return

            if not self.init_volume():
                yield self
                return

        except ImageMounterError as e:
            if swallow_exceptions:
                self.exception = e
            else:
                raise

        if not self.volumes:
            yield self
        else:
            for v in self.volumes:
                for s in v.init(only_mount, skip_mount, swallow_exceptions):
                    yield s

Response: Generator that mounts this volume and yields itself or recursively generates its subvolumes.


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def init_volume(self, fstype=None):

        logger.debug("Initializing volume {0}".format(self))

        if not self._should_mount():
            return False

        if self.flag != 'alloc':
            return False

        if self.info.get('raid_status') == 'waiting':
            logger.info("RAID array %s not ready for mounting", self)
            return False

        if self.is_mounted:
            logger.info("%s is currently mounted, not mounting it again", self)
            return False

        logger.info("Mounting volume {0}".format(self))
        self.mount(fstype=fstype)
        self.detect_mountpoint()

        return True

Response: Initializes a single RAID volume.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def _make_mountpoint(self, casename=None, var_name='mountpoint', suffix='', in_paths=False):
        parser = self.disk.parser

        if parser.mountdir and not os.path.exists(parser.mountdir):
            os.makedirs(parser.mountdir)

        if parser.pretty:
            md = parser.mountdir or tempfile.gettempdir()
            case_name = casename or self.disk.parser.casename or \
                ".".join(os.path.basename(self.disk.paths[0]).split('.')[0:-1]) or \
                os.path.basename(self.disk.paths[0])

            if self.disk.parser.casename == case_name:  # the casename is already in the path in this case
                pretty_label = "{0}-{1}".format(self.index, self.get_safe_label() or self.fstype or 'volume')
            else:
                pretty_label = "{0}-{1}-{2}".format(case_name, self.index,
                                                    self.get_safe_label() or self.fstype or 'volume')
            if suffix:
                pretty_label += "-" + suffix
            path = os.path.join(md, pretty_label)

            # check if path already exists, otherwise try to find another nice path
            if os.path.exists(path):
                for i in range(2, 100):
                    path = os.path.join(md, pretty_label + "-" + str(i))
                    if not os.path.exists(path):
                        break
                else:
                    logger.error("Could not find free mountdir.")
                    raise NoMountpointAvailableError()

            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                os.mkdir(path, 777)
                if in_paths:
                    self._paths[var_name] = path
                else:
                    setattr(self, var_name, path)
                return path
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("Could not create mountdir.")
                raise NoMountpointAvailableError()
        else:
            t = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='im_' + self.index + '_',
                                 suffix='_' + self.get_safe_label() + ("_" + suffix if suffix else ""),
                                 dir=parser.mountdir)
            if in_paths:
                self._paths[var_name] = t
            else:
                setattr(self, var_name, t)
            return t

Response: Creates a mountpoint for the current instance of the class.


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
clears a created mountpoint. Does not unmount it merely deletes it.

Response:
def _clear_mountpoint(self):
        """Clears a created mountpoint. Does not unmount it, merely deletes it."""

        if self.mountpoint:
            os.rmdir(self.mountpoint)
            self.mountpoint = ""


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
find a free loopback device that can be used.

Response:
def _find_loopback(self, use_loopback=True, var_name='loopback'):
        """Finds a free loopback device that can be used. The loopback is stored in :attr:`loopback`. If *use_loopback*
        is True, the loopback will also be used directly.

        :returns: the loopback address
        :raises NoLoopbackAvailableError: if no loopback could be found
        """

        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            loopback = _util.check_output_(['losetup', '-f']).strip()
            setattr(self, var_name, loopback)
        except Exception:
            logger.warning("No free loopback device found.", exc_info=True)
            raise NoLoopbackAvailableError()

        # noinspection PyBroadException
        if use_loopback:
            try:
                cmd = ['losetup', '-o', str(self.offset), '--sizelimit', str(self.size),
                       loopback, self.get_raw_path()]
                if not self.disk.read_write:
                    cmd.insert(1, '-r')
                _util.check_call_(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("Loopback device could not be mounted.")
                raise NoLoopbackAvailableError()
        return loopback


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def determine_fs_type(self):

        fstype_fallback = None
        if isinstance(self.fstype, filesystems.FallbackFileSystemType):
            fstype_fallback = self.fstype.fallback
        elif isinstance(self.fstype, filesystems.FileSystemType):
            return self.fstype

        result = collections.Counter()

        for source, description in (('fsdescription', self.info.get('fsdescription')),
                                    ('guid', self.info.get('guid')),
                                    ('blikid', self._get_blkid_type),
                                    ('magic', self._get_magic_type)):
            # For efficiency reasons, not all functions are called instantly.
            if callable(description):
                description = description()

            logger.debug("Trying to determine fs type from {} '{}'".format(source, description))
            if not description:
                continue

            # Iterate over all results and update the certainty of all FS types
            for type in FILE_SYSTEM_TYPES.values():
                result.update(type.detect(source, description))

            # Now sort the results by their certainty
            logger.debug("Current certainty levels: {}".format(result))

            # If we have not found any candidates, we continue
            if not result:
                continue

            # If we have candidates of which we are not entirely certain, we just continue
            max_res = result.most_common(1)[0][1]
            if max_res < 50:
                logger.debug("Highest certainty item is lower than 50, continuing...")
            # If we have multiple candidates with the same score, we just continue
            elif len([True for type, certainty in result.items() if certainty == max_res]) > 1:
                logger.debug("Multiple items with highest certainty level, so continuing...")
            else:
                self.fstype = result.most_common(1)[0][0]
                return self.fstype

        # Now be more lax with the fallback:
        if result:
            max_res = result.most_common(1)[0][1]
            if max_res > 0:
                self.fstype = result.most_common(1)[0][0]
                return self.fstype
        if fstype_fallback:
            self.fstype = fstype_fallback
            return self.fstype

Response: Determines the filesystem type for this partition.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def mount(self, fstype=None):

        if not self.parent.is_mounted:
            raise NotMountedError(self.parent)

        if fstype is None:
            fstype = self.determine_fs_type()
        self._load_fsstat_data()

        # Prepare mount command
        try:
            fstype.mount(self)

            self.was_mounted = True
            self.is_mounted = True
            self.fstype = fstype

        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception("Execution failed due to {} {}".format(type(e), e), exc_info=True)
            if not isinstance(e, ImageMounterError):
                raise SubsystemError(e)
            else:
                raise

Response: Mounts the volume in the local filesystem.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def bindmount(self, mountpoint):

        if not self.mountpoint:
            raise NotMountedError(self)
        try:
            _util.check_call_(['mount', '--bind', self.mountpoint, mountpoint], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
            if 'bindmounts' in self._paths:
                self._paths['bindmounts'].append(mountpoint)
            else:
                self._paths['bindmounts'] = [mountpoint]
            return True
        except Exception as e:
            logger.exception("Error bind mounting {0}.".format(self))
            raise SubsystemError(e)

Response: Bind the volume to another mountpoint. Only works if the volume is already mounted.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def get_volumes(self):

        if self.volumes:
            volumes = []
            for v in self.volumes:
                volumes.extend(v.get_volumes())
            volumes.append(self)
            return volumes
        else:
            return [self]

Response: Recursively gets a list of all subvolumes and the current volume.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def _load_fsstat_data(self, timeout=3):

        def stats_thread():
            try:
                cmd = ['fsstat', self.get_raw_path(), '-o', str(self.offset // self.disk.block_size)]

                # Setting the fstype explicitly makes fsstat much faster and more reliable
                # In some versions, the auto-detect yaffs2 check takes ages for large images
                fstype = {
                    "ntfs": "ntfs", "fat": "fat", "ext": "ext", "iso": "iso9660", "hfs+": "hfs",
                    "ufs": "ufs", "swap": "swap", "exfat": "exfat",
                }.get(self.fstype, None)
                if fstype:
                    cmd.extend(["-f", fstype])

                logger.debug('$ {0}'.format(' '.join(cmd)))
                stats_thread.process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)

                for line in iter(stats_thread.process.stdout.readline, b''):
                    line = line.decode('utf-8')
                    logger.debug('< {0}'.format(line))
                    if line.startswith("File System Type:"):
                        self.info['statfstype'] = line[line.index(':') + 2:].strip()
                    elif line.startswith("Last Mount Point:") or line.startswith("Last mounted on:"):
                        self.info['lastmountpoint'] = line[line.index(':') + 2:].strip().replace("//", "/")
                    elif line.startswith("Volume Name:") and not self.info.get('label'):
                        self.info['label'] = line[line.index(':') + 2:].strip()
                    elif line.startswith("Version:"):
                        self.info['version'] = line[line.index(':') + 2:].strip()
                    elif line.startswith("Source OS:"):
                        self.info['version'] = line[line.index(':') + 2:].strip()
                    elif 'CYLINDER GROUP INFORMATION' in line or 'BLOCK GROUP INFORMATION' in line:
                        # noinspection PyBroadException
                        try:
                            stats_thread.process.terminate()
                            logger.debug("Terminated fsstat at cylinder/block group information.")
                        except Exception:
                            pass
                        break

                if self.info.get('lastmountpoint') and self.info.get('label'):
                    self.info['label'] = "{0} ({1})".format(self.info['lastmountpoint'], self.info['label'])
                elif self.info.get('lastmountpoint') and not self.info.get('label'):
                    self.info['label'] = self.info['lastmountpoint']
                elif not self.info.get('lastmountpoint') and self.info.get('label') and \
                        self.info['label'].startswith("/"):  # e.g. /boot1
                    if self.info['label'].endswith("1"):
                        self.info['lastmountpoint'] = self.info['label'][:-1]
                    else:
                        self.info['lastmountpoint'] = self.info['label']

            except Exception:  # ignore any exceptions here.
                logger.exception("Error while obtaining stats.")

        stats_thread.process = None

        thread = threading.Thread(target=stats_thread)
        thread.start()
        thread.join(timeout)
        if thread.is_alive():
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                stats_thread.process.terminate()
            except Exception:
                pass
            thread.join()
            logger.debug("Killed fsstat after {0}s".format(timeout))

Response: Load the stats data from the filesystem.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
detects the mountpoint based on the mounted volume.

Response:
def detect_mountpoint(self):
        """Attempts to detect the previous mountpoint if this was not done through :func:`load_fsstat_data`. This
        detection does some heuristic method on the mounted volume.
        """

        if self.info.get('lastmountpoint'):
            return self.info.get('lastmountpoint')
        if not self.mountpoint:
            return None

        result = None
        paths = os.listdir(self.mountpoint)
        if 'grub' in paths:
            result = '/boot'
        elif 'usr' in paths and 'var' in paths and 'root' in paths:
            result = '/'
        elif 'bin' in paths and 'lib' in paths and 'local' in paths and 'src' in paths and 'usr' not in paths:
            result = '/usr'
        elif 'bin' in paths and 'lib' in paths and 'local' not in paths and 'src' in paths and 'usr' not in paths:
            result = '/usr/local'
        elif 'lib' in paths and 'local' in paths and 'tmp' in paths and 'var' not in paths:
            result = '/var'
        # elif sum(['bin' in paths, 'boot' in paths, 'cdrom' in paths, 'dev' in paths, 'etc' in paths, 'home' in paths,
        #          'lib' in paths, 'lib64' in paths, 'media' in paths, 'mnt' in paths, 'opt' in paths,
        #          'proc' in paths, 'root' in paths, 'sbin' in paths, 'srv' in paths, 'sys' in paths, 'tmp' in paths,
        #          'usr' in paths, 'var' in paths]) > 11:
        #    result = '/'

        if result:
            self.info['lastmountpoint'] = result
            if not self.info.get('label'):
                self.info['label'] = self.info['lastmountpoint']
            logger.info("Detected mountpoint as {0} based on files in volume".format(self.info['lastmountpoint']))

        return result


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def require(*requirements, **kwargs):
    # TODO: require(*requirements, none_on_failure=False) is not supported by Python 2
    none_on_failure = kwargs.get('none_on_failure', False)

    def inner(f):
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            for req in requirements:
                if none_on_failure:
                    if not getattr(req, 'is_available'):
                        return None
                else:
                    getattr(req, 'require')()
            return f(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return inner

Response: Decorator that can be used to require requirements.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
returning a string describing whether the dependency is installed.

Response:
def status_message(self):
        """Detailed message about whether the dependency is installed.

        :rtype: str
        """
        if self.is_available:
            return "INSTALLED {0!s}"
        elif self.why and self.package:
            return "MISSING   {0!s:<20}needed for {0.why}, part of the {0.package} package"
        elif self.why:
            return "MISSING   {0!s:<20}needed for {0.why}"
        elif self.package:
            return "MISSING   {0!s:<20}part of the {0.package} package"
        else:
            return "MISSING   {0!s:<20}"


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
detects the type of a volume based on the provided information. It returns the plausibility for all file system types as a dict. Although it is only responsible for returning its own plausibility, it is possible that one type of filesystem is more likely than another, e.g. when NTFS detects it is likely to be NTFS, it can also update the plausibility of exFAT to indicate it is less likely. All scores a cumulative. When multiple sources are used, it is also cumulative. For instance, if run 1 is 25 certain, and run 2 is 25 certain as well, it will become 50 certain. :meth:`Volume.detect_fs_type` will return immediately if the score is higher than 50 and there is only 1 FS type with the highest score. Otherwise, it will continue with the next run. If at the end of all runs no viable FS type was found, it will return the highest scoring FS type (if it is > 0), otherwise it will return the FS type fallback. :param source: The source of the description :param description: The description to detect with :return: Dict with mapping of FsType() objects to scores

Response:
def detect(self, source, description):
        """Detects the type of a volume based on the provided information. It returns the plausibility for all
        file system types as a dict. Although it is only responsible for returning its own plausibility, it is possible
        that one type of filesystem is more likely than another, e.g. when NTFS detects it is likely to be NTFS, it
        can also update the plausibility of exFAT to indicate it is less likely.

        All scores a cumulative. When multiple sources are used, it is also cumulative. For instance, if run 1 is 25
        certain, and run 2 is 25 certain as well, it will become 50 certain.

        :meth:`Volume.detect_fs_type` will return immediately if the score is higher than 50 and there is only 1
        FS type with the highest score. Otherwise, it will continue with the next run. If at the end of all runs no
        viable FS type was found, it will return the highest scoring FS type (if it is > 0), otherwise it will return
        the FS type fallback.

        :param source: The source of the description
        :param description: The description to detect with
        :return: Dict with mapping of FsType() objects to scores
        """

        if source == "guid" and description in self.guids:
            return {self: 100}

        description = description.lower()
        if description == self.type:
            return {self: 100}
        elif re.search(r"\b" + self.type + r"\b", description):
            return {self: 80}
        elif any((re.search(r"\b" + alias + r"\b", description) for alias in self.aliases)):
            return {self: 70}
        return {}


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def mount(self, volume):

        volume._make_mountpoint()
        try:
            self._call_mount(volume, volume.mountpoint, self._mount_type or self.type, self._mount_opts)
        except Exception:
            # undo the creation of the mountpoint
            volume._clear_mountpoint()
            raise

Response: Mounts the given volume on the provided mountpoint.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def _call_mount(self, volume, mountpoint, type=None, opts=""):

        # default arguments for calling mount
        if opts and not opts.endswith(','):
            opts += ","
        opts += 'loop,offset=' + str(volume.offset) + ',sizelimit=' + str(volume.size)

        # building the command
        cmd = ['mount', volume.get_raw_path(), mountpoint, '-o', opts]

        # add read-only if needed
        if not volume.disk.read_write:
            cmd[-1] += ',ro'

        # add the type if specified
        if type is not None:
            cmd += ['-t', type]

        _util.check_output_(cmd, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)

Response: Calls the mount command specifying the type and mount options.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
performing specific operations to mount a JFFS2 image.

Response:
def mount(self, volume):
        """Perform specific operations to mount a JFFS2 image. This kind of image is sometimes used for things like
        bios images. so external tools are required but given this method you don't have to memorize anything and it
        works fast and easy.

        Note that this module might not yet work while mounting multiple images at the same time.
        """
        # we have to make a ram-device to store the image, we keep 20% overhead
        size_in_kb = int((volume.size / 1024) * 1.2)
        _util.check_call_(['modprobe', '-v', 'mtd'])
        _util.check_call_(['modprobe', '-v', 'jffs2'])
        _util.check_call_(['modprobe', '-v', 'mtdram', 'total_size={}'.format(size_in_kb), 'erase_size=256'])
        _util.check_call_(['modprobe', '-v', 'mtdblock'])
        _util.check_call_(['dd', 'if=' + volume.get_raw_path(), 'of=/dev/mtd0'])
        _util.check_call_(['mount', '-t', 'jffs2', '/dev/mtdblock0', volume.mountpoint])


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def mount(self, volume):

        # Open a loopback device
        volume._find_loopback()

        # Check if this is a LUKS device
        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            _util.check_call_(["cryptsetup", "isLuks", volume.loopback], stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
            # ret = 0 if isLuks
        except Exception:
            logger.warning("Not a LUKS volume")
            # clean the loopback device, we want this method to be clean as possible
            # noinspection PyBroadException
            try:
                volume._free_loopback()
            except Exception:
                pass
            raise IncorrectFilesystemError()

        try:
            extra_args = []
            key = None
            if volume.key:
                t, v = volume.key.split(':', 1)
                if t == 'p':  # passphrase
                    key = v
                elif t == 'f':  # key-file
                    extra_args = ['--key-file', v]
                elif t == 'm':  # master-key-file
                    extra_args = ['--master-key-file', v]
            else:
                logger.warning("No key material provided for %s", volume)
        except ValueError:
            logger.exception("Invalid key material provided (%s) for %s. Expecting [arg]:[value]", volume.key, volume)
            volume._free_loopback()
            raise ArgumentError()

        # Open the LUKS container
        volume._paths['luks'] = 'image_mounter_luks_' + str(random.randint(10000, 99999))

        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            cmd = ["cryptsetup", "luksOpen", volume.loopback, volume._paths['luks']]
            cmd.extend(extra_args)
            if not volume.disk.read_write:
                cmd.insert(1, '-r')

            if key is not None:
                logger.debug('$ {0}'.format(' '.join(cmd)))
                # for py 3.2+, we could have used input=, but that doesn't exist in py2.7.
                p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
                p.communicate(key.encode("utf-8"))
                p.wait()
                retcode = p.poll()
                if retcode:
                    raise KeyInvalidError()
            else:
                _util.check_call_(cmd)
        except ImageMounterError:
            del volume._paths['luks']
            volume._free_loopback()
            raise
        except Exception as e:
            del volume._paths['luks']
            volume._free_loopback()
            raise SubsystemError(e)

        size = None
        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            result = _util.check_output_(["cryptsetup", "status", volume._paths['luks']])
            for l in result.splitlines():
                if "size:" in l and "key" not in l:
                    size = int(l.replace("size:", "").replace("sectors", "").strip()) * volume.disk.block_size
        except Exception:
            pass

        container = volume.volumes._make_single_subvolume(flag='alloc', offset=0, size=size)
        container.info['fsdescription'] = 'LUKS Volume'

        return container

Response: This command is an alternative to the mount command that opens a LUKS container. The command that opens a LUKS container is used to mount the volume.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def mount(self, volume):

        volume._paths['bde'] = tempfile.mkdtemp(prefix='image_mounter_bde_')

        try:
            if volume.key:
                t, v = volume.key.split(':', 1)
                key = ['-' + t, v]
            else:
                logger.warning("No key material provided for %s", volume)
                key = []
        except ValueError:
            logger.exception("Invalid key material provided (%s) for %s. Expecting [arg]:[value]", volume.key, volume)
            raise ArgumentError()

        # noinspection PyBroadException
        try:
            cmd = ["bdemount", volume.get_raw_path(), volume._paths['bde'], '-o', str(volume.offset)]
            cmd.extend(key)
            _util.check_call_(cmd)
        except Exception as e:
            del volume._paths['bde']
            logger.exception("Failed mounting BDE volume %s.", volume)
            raise SubsystemError(e)

        container = volume.volumes._make_single_subvolume(flag='alloc', offset=0, size=volume.size)
        container.info['fsdescription'] = 'BDE Volume'

        return container

Response: Mounts a BDE container.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
mounts a volume to the LVM.

Response:
def mount(self, volume):
        """Performs mount actions on a LVM. Scans for active volume groups from the loopback device, activates it
        and fills :attr:`volumes` with the logical volumes.

        :raises NoLoopbackAvailableError: when no loopback was available
        :raises IncorrectFilesystemError: when the volume is not a volume group
        """
        os.environ['LVM_SUPPRESS_FD_WARNINGS'] = '1'

        # find free loopback device
        volume._find_loopback()
        time.sleep(0.2)

        try:
            # Scan for new lvm volumes
            result = _util.check_output_(["lvm", "pvscan"])
            for l in result.splitlines():
                if volume.loopback in l or (volume.offset == 0 and volume.get_raw_path() in l):
                    for vg in re.findall(r'VG (\S+)', l):
                        volume.info['volume_group'] = vg

            if not volume.info.get('volume_group'):
                logger.warning("Volume is not a volume group. (Searching for %s)", volume.loopback)
                raise IncorrectFilesystemError()

            # Enable lvm volumes
            _util.check_call_(["lvm", "vgchange", "-a", "y", volume.info['volume_group']], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
        except Exception:
            volume._free_loopback()
            raise

        volume.volumes.vstype = 'lvm'
        # fills it up.
        for _ in volume.volumes.detect_volumes('lvm'):
            pass