Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
convert parameters defined in self. _params to cvxopt. matrix

Response:
def _param_to_matrix(self):
        """
        Convert parameters defined in `self._params` to `cvxopt.matrix`

        :return None
        """
        for item in self._params:
            self.__dict__[item] = matrix(self.__dict__[item], tc='d')


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
converts parameters defined in self. _param to list.

Response:
def _param_to_list(self):
        """
        Convert parameters defined in `self._param` to list

        :return None
        """
        for item in self._params:
            self.__dict__[item] = list(self.__dict__[item])


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
record a line of log in logger

Response:
def log(self, msg, level=INFO):
        """Record a line of log in logger

        :param str msg: content of the messag

        :param level: logging level
        :return: None

        """
        logger.log(level, '<{}> - '.format(self._name) + msg)


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def init_limit(self, key, lower=None, upper=None, limit=False):
        above = agtb(self.__dict__[key], upper)
        for idx, item in enumerate(above):
            if item == 0.:
                continue
            maxval = upper[idx]
            self.log(
                '{0} <{1}.{2}> above its maximum of {3}.'.format(
                    self.name[idx], self._name, key, maxval), ERROR)
            if limit:
                self.__dict__[key][idx] = maxval

        below = altb(self.__dict__[key], lower)
        for idx, item in enumerate(below):
            if item == 0.:
                continue
            minval = lower[idx]
            self.log(
                '{0} <{1}.{2}> below its minimum of {3}.'.format(
                    self.name[idx], self._name, key, minval), ERROR)
            if limit:
                self.__dict__[key][idx] = minval

Response: reset if data is within limits. reset if violates


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
building help document into a Texttable table

Response:
def doc(self, export='plain'):
        """
        Build help document into a Texttable table

        :param ('plain', 'latex') export: export format
        :param save: save to file ``help_model.extension`` or not
        :param writemode: file write mode

        :return: None
        """
        title = '<{}.{}>'.format(self._group, self._name)
        table = Tab(export=export, title=title, descr=self.__doc__)
        rows = []
        keys = sorted(self._data.keys())
        for key in keys:
            val = self._data[key]
            suf = ''
            if key in self._mandatory:
                suf = ' *'

            elif key in self._powers + \
                    self._voltages + \
                    self._currents + \
                    self._z + \
                    self._y + \
                    self._dccurrents + \
                    self._dcvoltages + \
                    self._r + \
                    self._g + \
                    self._times:
                suf = ' #'

            c1 = key + suf
            c2 = self._descr.get(key, '')
            c3 = val
            c4 = self._units.get(key, '-')
            rows.append([c1, c2, c3, c4])

        table.add_rows(rows, header=False)
        table.header(['Parameter', 'Description', 'Default', 'Unit'])

        if export == 'plain':
            pass
        elif export == 'latex':
            raise NotImplementedError('LaTex output not implemented')

        return table.draw()


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def check_limit(self, varname, vmin=None, vmax=None):
        retval = True
        assert varname in self.__dict__

        if varname in self._algebs:
            val = self.system.dae.y[self.__dict__[varname]]
        elif varname in self._states:
            val = self.system.dae.x[self.__dict__[varname]]
        else:  # service or temporary variable
            val = matrix(self.__dict__[varname])

        vmin = matrix(self.__dict__[vmin])
        comp = altb(val, vmin)
        comp = mul(self.u, comp)
        for c, n, idx in zip(comp, self.name, range(self.n)):
            if c == 1:
                v = val[idx]
                vm = vmin[idx]
                self.log(
                    'Init of <{}.{}>={:.4g} is lower than min={:6.4g}'.format(
                        n, varname, v, vm), ERROR)
                retval = False

        vmax = matrix(self.__dict__[vmax])
        comp = agtb(val, vmax)
        comp = mul(self.u, comp)
        for c, n, idx in zip(comp, self.name, range(self.n)):
            if c == 1:
                v = val[idx]
                vm = vmax[idx]
                self.log(
                    'Init of <{}.{}>={:.4g} is higher than max={:.4g}'.format(
                        n, varname, v, vm), ERROR)
                retval = False
        return retval

Response: Check if the variable values are within the limits. Return True if fails.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def on_bus(self, bus_idx):
        assert hasattr(self, 'bus')

        ret = []
        if isinstance(bus_idx, (int, float, str)):
            bus_idx = [bus_idx]

        for item in bus_idx:
            idx = []
            for e, b in enumerate(self.bus):
                if b == item:
                    idx.append(self.idx[e])
            if len(idx) == 1:
                idx = idx[0]
            elif len(idx) == 0:
                idx = None

            ret.append(idx)

        if len(ret) == 1:
            ret = ret[0]

        return ret

Response:
Return the indices of elements connected to the given buses for shunt - connected
        elements


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def link_bus(self, bus_idx):
        ret = []

        if not self._config['is_series']:
            self.log(
                'link_bus function is not valid for non-series model <{}>'.
                format(self.name))
            return []

        if isinstance(bus_idx, (int, float, str)):
            bus_idx = [bus_idx]

        fkey = list(self._ac.keys())
        if 'bus' in fkey:
            fkey.remove('bus')

        nfkey = len(fkey)
        fkey_val = [self.__dict__[i] for i in fkey]

        for item in bus_idx:
            idx = []
            key = []
            for i in range(self.n):
                for j in range(nfkey):
                    if fkey_val[j][i] == item:
                        idx.append(self.idx[i])
                        key.append(fkey[j])
                        # <= 1 terminal should connect to the same bus
                        break

            if len(idx) == 0:
                idx = None
            if len(key) == 0:
                key = None

            ret.append((idx, key))

        return ret

Response: Return the indices of elements linking the given buses


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
returning the indices of elements whose field first satisfies the given values.

Response:
def elem_find(self, field, value):
        """
        Return the indices of elements whose field first satisfies the given values

        ``value`` should be unique in self.field.
        This function does not check the uniqueness.

        :param field: name of the supplied field
        :param value: value of field of the elemtn to find
        :return: idx of the elements
        :rtype: list, int, float, str
        """
        if isinstance(value, (int, float, str)):
            value = [value]

        f = list(self.__dict__[field])
        uid = np.vectorize(f.index)(value)
        return self.get_idx(uid)


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def _check_Vn(self):
        if hasattr(self, 'bus') and hasattr(self, 'Vn'):
            bus_Vn = self.read_data_ext('Bus', field='Vn', idx=self.bus)
            for name, bus, Vn, Vn0 in zip(self.name, self.bus, self.Vn,
                                          bus_Vn):
                if Vn != Vn0:
                    self.log(
                        '<{}> has Vn={} different from bus <{}> Vn={}.'.format(
                            name, Vn, bus, Vn0), WARNING)

        if hasattr(self, 'node') and hasattr(self, 'Vdcn'):
            node_Vdcn = self.read_data_ext('Node', field='Vdcn', idx=self.node)
            for name, node, Vdcn, Vdcn0 in zip(self.name, self.node, self.Vdcn,
                                               node_Vdcn):
                if Vdcn != Vdcn0:
                    self.log(
                        '<{}> has Vdcn={} different from node <{}> Vdcn={}.'
                        .format(name, Vdcn, node, Vdcn0), WARNING)

Response: Check data consistency of Vn and Vdcn if connected to Bus or Node.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def link_to(self, model, idx, self_idx):
        if model in self.system.loaded_groups:

            # access group instance
            grp = self.system.__dict__[model]

            # doing it one by one
            for i, self_i in zip(idx, self_idx):
                # query model name and access model instance
                mdl_name = grp._idx_model[i]
                mdl = self.system.__dict__[mdl_name]

                # query the corresponding uid
                u = mdl.get_uid(i)

                # update `mdl_from`
                name_idx_pair = (self._name, self_i)
                if name_idx_pair not in mdl.mdl_from[u]:
                    mdl.mdl_from[u].append(name_idx_pair)

        else:
            # access model instance
            mdl = self.system.__dict__[model]
            uid = mdl.get_uid(idx)

            for u, self_i in zip(uid, self_idx):
                name_idx_pair = (self._name, self_i)

                if name_idx_pair not in mdl.mdl_from[u]:
                    mdl.mdl_from[u].append(name_idx_pair)

Response: Link this object to another object in the specified model.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
reset all internal storage to initial status Returns None

Response:
def reset(self):
        """
        Reset all internal storage to initial status

        Returns
        -------
        None
        """
        self.solved = False
        self.niter = 0
        self.iter_mis = []
        self.F = None
        self.system.dae.factorize = True


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def pre(self):
        logger.info('-> Power flow study: {} method, {} start'.format(
            self.config.method.upper(), 'flat' if self.config.flatstart else 'non-flat')
        )

        t, s = elapsed()

        system = self.system
        dae = self.system.dae

        system.dae.init_xy()

        for device, pflow, init0 in zip(system.devman.devices,
                                        system.call.pflow, system.call.init0):
            if pflow and init0:
                system.__dict__[device].init0(dae)

        # check for islands
        system.check_islands(show_info=True)

        t, s = elapsed(t)
        logger.debug('Power flow initialized in {:s}.'.format(s))

Response: Initialize the power flow study for the current state of the current state of the current state of the system.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def run(self, **kwargs):
        ret = None

        # initialization Y matrix and inital guess
        self.pre()
        t, _ = elapsed()

        # call solution methods
        if self.config.method == 'NR':
            ret = self.newton()
        elif self.config.method == 'DCPF':
            ret = self.dcpf()
        elif self.config.method in ('FDPF', 'FDBX', 'FDXB'):
            ret = self.fdpf()

        self.post()
        _, s = elapsed(t)

        if self.solved:
            logger.info(' Solution converged in {} in {} iterations'.format(s, self.niter))
        else:
            logger.warning(' Solution failed in {} in {} iterations'.format(s,
                           self.niter))
        return ret

Response: run the power flow solution routine


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
logs iteration number and mismatch

Response:
def _iter_info(self, niter, level=logging.INFO):
        """
        Log iteration number and mismatch

        Parameters
        ----------
        level
            logging level
        Returns
        -------
        None
        """
        max_mis = self.iter_mis[niter - 1]
        msg = ' Iter {:<d}.  max mismatch = {:8.7f}'.format(niter, max_mis)
        logger.info(msg)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def calc_inc(self):
        system = self.system
        self.newton_call()

        A = sparse([[system.dae.Fx, system.dae.Gx],
                    [system.dae.Fy, system.dae.Gy]])

        inc = matrix([system.dae.f, system.dae.g])

        if system.dae.factorize:
            self.F = self.solver.symbolic(A)
            system.dae.factorize = False

        try:
            N = self.solver.numeric(A, self.F)
            self.solver.solve(A, self.F, N, inc)
        except ValueError:
            logger.warning('Unexpected symbolic factorization.')
            system.dae.factorize = True
        except ArithmeticError:
            logger.warning('Jacobian matrix is singular.')
            system.dae.check_diag(system.dae.Gy, 'unamey')

        return -inc

Response: Calculates the Newton incrementals for each step and returns the solution to x = - A \ b


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def post(self):
        if not self.solved:
            return

        system = self.system

        exec(system.call.pfload)
        system.Bus.Pl = system.dae.g[system.Bus.a]
        system.Bus.Ql = system.dae.g[system.Bus.v]

        exec(system.call.pfgen)
        system.Bus.Pg = system.dae.g[system.Bus.a]
        system.Bus.Qg = system.dae.g[system.Bus.v]

        if system.PV.n:
            system.PV.qg = system.dae.y[system.PV.q]
        if system.SW.n:
            system.SW.pg = system.dae.y[system.SW.p]
            system.SW.qg = system.dae.y[system.SW.q]

        exec(system.call.seriesflow)

        system.Area.seriesflow(system.dae)

Response: Post processing for solved systems.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
fast Decoupled Power Flow

Response:
def fdpf(self):
        """
        Fast Decoupled Power Flow

        Returns
        -------
        bool, int
            Success flag, number of iterations
        """
        system = self.system

        # general settings
        self.niter = 1
        iter_max = self.config.maxit
        self.solved = True
        tol = self.config.tol
        error = tol + 1

        self.iter_mis = []
        if (not system.Line.Bp) or (not system.Line.Bpp):
            system.Line.build_b()

        # initialize indexing and Jacobian
        # ngen = system.SW.n + system.PV.n
        sw = system.SW.a
        sw.sort(reverse=True)
        no_sw = system.Bus.a[:]
        no_swv = system.Bus.v[:]
        for item in sw:
            no_sw.pop(item)
            no_swv.pop(item)
        gen = system.SW.a + system.PV.a
        gen.sort(reverse=True)
        no_g = system.Bus.a[:]
        no_gv = system.Bus.v[:]
        for item in gen:
            no_g.pop(item)
            no_gv.pop(item)
        Bp = system.Line.Bp[no_sw, no_sw]
        Bpp = system.Line.Bpp[no_g, no_g]

        Fp = self.solver.symbolic(Bp)
        Fpp = self.solver.symbolic(Bpp)
        Np = self.solver.numeric(Bp, Fp)
        Npp = self.solver.numeric(Bpp, Fpp)
        exec(system.call.fdpf)

        # main loop
        while error > tol:
            # P-theta
            da = matrix(div(system.dae.g[no_sw], system.dae.y[no_swv]))
            self.solver.solve(Bp, Fp, Np, da)
            system.dae.y[no_sw] += da

            exec(system.call.fdpf)
            normP = max(abs(system.dae.g[no_sw]))

            # Q-V
            dV = matrix(div(system.dae.g[no_gv], system.dae.y[no_gv]))
            self.solver.solve(Bpp, Fpp, Npp, dV)
            system.dae.y[no_gv] += dV

            exec(system.call.fdpf)
            normQ = max(abs(system.dae.g[no_gv]))

            err = max([normP, normQ])
            self.iter_mis.append(err)
            error = err

            self._iter_info(self.niter)
            self.niter += 1

            if self.niter > 4 and self.iter_mis[-1] > 1000 * self.iter_mis[0]:
                logger.warning('Blown up in {0} iterations.'.format(self.niter))
                self.solved = False
                break

            if self.niter > iter_max:
                logger.warning('Reached maximum number of iterations.')
                self.solved = False
                break

        return self.solved, self.niter


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
setting initial voltage and reactive power for PQ.

Response:
def init0(self, dae):
        """
        Set initial voltage and reactive power for PQ.
        Overwrites Bus.voltage values
        """
        dae.y[self.v] = self.v0
        dae.y[self.q] = mul(self.u, self.qg)


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
disable a PV element for TDS

Response:
def disable_gen(self, idx):
        """
        Disable a PV element for TDS

        Parameters
        ----------
        idx

        Returns
        -------

        """
        self.u[self.uid[idx]] = 0
        self.system.dae.factorize = True


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
sets initial p and q for power flow

Response:
def init0(self, dae):
        """Set initial p and q for power flow"""
        self.p0 = matrix(self.p, (self.n, 1), 'd')
        self.q0 = matrix(self.q, (self.n, 1), 'd')


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
sets initial voltage for time domain simulation

Response:
def init1(self, dae):
        """Set initial voltage for time domain simulation"""
        self.v0 = matrix(dae.y[self.v])


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
process incoming status message. Acquire lock for status dictionary before updating.

Response:
def update_status(self, header, message):
        """Process incoming status message. Acquire lock for status dictionary before updating."""
        with self._lock:
            if self.message_box:
                self.message_box.erase()
                self.message_box.move(0, 0)
                for n, field in enumerate(header):
                    if n == 0:
                        self.message_box.addstr(field + ":", curses.color_pair(1))
                    else:
                        self.message_box.addstr(
                            ", " + field + ":", curses.color_pair(1)
                        )
                    self.message_box.addstr(header[field])
                self.message_box.addstr(": ", curses.color_pair(1))
                self.message_box.addstr(
                    str(message), curses.color_pair(2) + curses.A_BOLD
                )
                self.message_box.refresh()
            if (
                message["host"] not in self._node_status
                or int(header["timestamp"])
                >= self._node_status[message["host"]]["last_seen"]
            ):
                self._node_status[message["host"]] = message
                self._node_status[message["host"]]["last_seen"] = int(
                    header["timestamp"]
                )


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def _redraw_screen(self, stdscr):
        with self._lock:
            stdscr.clear()
            stdscr.addstr(
                0, 0, "workflows service monitor -- quit with Ctrl+C", curses.A_BOLD
            )
            stdscr.refresh()
            self.message_box = self._boxwin(
                5, curses.COLS, 2, 0, title="last seen message", color_pair=1
            )
            self.message_box.scrollok(True)
            self.cards = []

Response: Redraw screen. This could be to initialize after resizing.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
destroy cards with this number.

Response:
def _erase_card(self, number):
        """Destroy cards with this or higher number."""
        with self._lock:
            if number < (len(self.cards) - 1):
                self._erase_card(number + 1)
            if number > (len(self.cards) - 1):
                return
            max_cards_horiz = int(curses.COLS / 35)
            obliterate = curses.newwin(
                6,
                35,
                7 + 6 * (number // max_cards_horiz),
                35 * (number % max_cards_horiz),
            )
            obliterate.erase()
            obliterate.noutrefresh()
            del self.cards[number]


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def _run(self, stdscr):
        with self._lock:
            curses.use_default_colors()
            curses.curs_set(False)
            curses.init_pair(1, curses.COLOR_RED, -1)
            curses.init_pair(2, curses.COLOR_BLACK, -1)
            curses.init_pair(3, curses.COLOR_GREEN, -1)
            self._redraw_screen(stdscr)

        try:
            while not self.shutdown:
                now = int(time.time())
                with self._lock:
                    overview = self._node_status.copy()
                cardnumber = 0
                for host, status in overview.items():
                    age = now - int(status["last_seen"] / 1000)
                    with self._lock:
                        if age > 90:
                            del self._node_status[host]
                        else:
                            card = self._get_card(cardnumber)
                            card.erase()
                            card.move(0, 0)
                            card.addstr("Host: ", curses.color_pair(3))
                            card.addstr(host)
                            card.move(1, 0)
                            card.addstr("Service: ", curses.color_pair(3))
                            if "service" in status and status["service"]:
                                card.addstr(status["service"])
                            else:
                                card.addstr("---", curses.color_pair(2))
                            card.move(2, 0)
                            card.addstr("State: ", curses.color_pair(3))
                            if "status" in status:
                                status_code = status["status"]
                                state_string = CommonService.human_readable_state.get(
                                    status_code, str(status_code)
                                )
                                state_color = None
                                if status_code in (
                                    CommonService.SERVICE_STATUS_PROCESSING,
                                    CommonService.SERVICE_STATUS_TIMER,
                                ):
                                    state_color = curses.color_pair(3) + curses.A_BOLD
                                if status_code == CommonService.SERVICE_STATUS_IDLE:
                                    state_color = curses.color_pair(2) + curses.A_BOLD
                                if status_code == CommonService.SERVICE_STATUS_ERROR:
                                    state_color = curses.color_pair(1)
                                if state_color:
                                    card.addstr(state_string, state_color)
                                else:
                                    card.addstr(state_string)
                            card.move(3, 0)
                            if age >= 10:
                                card.addstr(
                                    "last seen %d seconds ago" % age,
                                    curses.color_pair(1)
                                    + (0 if age < 60 else curses.A_BOLD),
                                )
                            card.noutrefresh()
                            cardnumber = cardnumber + 1
                if cardnumber < len(self.cards):
                    with self._lock:
                        self._erase_card(cardnumber)
                with self._lock:
                    curses.doupdate()
                time.sleep(0.2)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass  # User pressed CTRL+C
        self._transport.disconnect()

Response: Start the actual service monitor


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def switch(self, idx, control):
        old = None
        new = None
        if control == 'Q':
            if self.PQ[idx] == 1:
                old = 'PQ'
                new = 'PV'
            elif self.vQ[idx] == 1:
                old = 'vQ'
                new = 'vV'
        elif control == 'P':
            if self.PQ[idx] == 1:
                old = 'PQ'
                new = 'vQ'
            elif self.PV[idx] == 1:
                old = 'PV'
                new = 'vV'
        elif control == 'V':
            if self.PV[idx] == 1:
                old = 'PV'
                new = 'PQ'
            elif self.vV[idx] == 1:
                old = 'vV'
                new = 'vQ'
        elif control == 'v':
            if self.vQ[idx] == 1:
                old = 'vQ'
                new = 'PQ'
            elif self.vV[idx] == 1:
                old = 'vV'
                new = 'PV'
        if old and new:
            self.__dict__[old][idx] = 0
            self.__dict__[new][idx] = 1

Response: Switch a single control of idx


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def disable(self, idx):
        if idx not in self.uid.keys():
            self.log('Element index {0} does not exist.'.format(idx))
            return
        self.u[self.uid[idx]] = 0

Response: Disable an element and reset the outputs


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
return the alternative values of an option

Response:
def get_alt(self, option):
        """
        Return the alternative values of an option

        Parameters
        ----------
        option: str
            option name

        Returns
        -------
        str
            a string of alternative options

        """
        assert hasattr(self, option)

        alt = option + '_alt'
        if not hasattr(self, alt):
            return ''
        return ', '.join(self.__dict__[alt])


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def doc(self, export='plain'):
        rows = []
        title = '<{:s}> config options'.format(self.__class__.__name__)
        table = Tab(export=export, title=title)

        for opt in sorted(self.config_descr):
            if hasattr(self, opt):
                c1 = opt
                c2 = self.config_descr[opt]
                c3 = self.__dict__.get(opt, '')
                c4 = self.get_alt(opt)
                rows.append([c1, c2, c3, c4])
            else:
                print('Setting {:s} has no {:s} option. Correct in config_descr.'.
                      format(self.__class__.__name__, opt))

        table.add_rows(rows, header=False)
        table.header(['Option', 'Description', 'Value', 'Alt.'])

        return table.draw()

Response: Dump help document for setting classes


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def dump_conf(self, conf=None):
        if conf is None:
            conf = configparser.ConfigParser()

        tab = self.__class__.__name__

        conf[tab] = {}

        for key, val in self.__dict__.items():
            if key.endswith('_alt'):
                continue
            conf[tab][key] = str(val)

        return conf

Response: Dump settings to an rc config file.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
load configurations from an rc file and update the object with the values.

Response:
def load_config(self, conf):
        """
        Load configurations from an rc file

        Parameters
        ----------
        rc: str
            path to the rc file

        Returns
        -------
        None
        """
        section = self.__class__.__name__

        if section not in conf.sections():
            logger.debug('Config section {} not in rc file'.format(
                self.__class__.__name__))
            return

        for key in conf[section].keys():
            if not hasattr(self, key):
                logger.debug('Config key {}.{} skipped'.format(section, key))
                continue

            val = conf[section].get(key)

            try:
                val = conf[section].getfloat(key)
            except ValueError:
                try:
                    val = conf[section].getboolean(key)
                except ValueError:
                    pass

            self.__dict__.update({key: val})

        self.check()


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
record a status change with a current timestamp.

Response:
def update_status(self, new_status):
        """Record a status change with a current timestamp."""
        timestamp = time.time()
        self.status_history[-1]["end"] = timestamp
        self.status_history.append(
            {"start": timestamp, "end": None, "status": new_status}
        )


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
returns a dictionary of different status codes and the percentage of time spent in each throughout the last summation_period seconds. Truncate the aggregated history appropriately.

Response:
def report(self):
        """Return a dictionary of different status codes and the percentage of time
        spent in each throughout the last summation_period seconds.
        Truncate the aggregated history appropriately."""
        timestamp = time.time()
        cutoff = timestamp - self.period
        truncate = 0
        summary = {}
        for event in self.status_history[:-1]:
            if event["end"] < cutoff:
                truncate = truncate + 1
                continue
            summary[event["status"]] = (
                summary.get(event["status"], 0)
                + event["end"]
                - max(cutoff, event["start"])
            )
        summary[self.status_history[-1]["status"]] = (
            summary.get(self.status_history[-1]["status"], 0)
            + timestamp
            - max(cutoff, self.status_history[-1]["start"])
        )
        if truncate:
            self.status_history = self.status_history[truncate:]
        total_duration = sum(summary.values())
        summary = {s: round(d / total_duration, 4) for s, d in summary.items()}
        return summary


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
generate a unique ID that is somewhat guaranteed to be unique among all instances running at the same time.

Response:
def generate_unique_host_id():
    """Generate a unique ID, that is somewhat guaranteed to be unique among all
    instances running at the same time."""
    host = ".".join(reversed(socket.gethostname().split(".")))
    pid = os.getpid()
    return "%s.%d" % (host, pid)


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def data_to_sys_base(self):
        if not self.n or self._flags['sysbase'] is True:
            return

        self.copy_data_ext(model='Synchronous', field='Sn', dest='Sn', idx=self.gen)
        super(GovernorBase, self).data_to_sys_base()
        self._store['R'] = self.R

        self.R = self.system.mva * div(self.R, self.Sn)

Response: Custom system base conversion function


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def data_to_elem_base(self):
        if not self.n or self._flags['sysbase'] is False:
            return
        self.R = mul(self.R, self.Sn) / self.system.mva
        super(GovernorBase, self).data_to_elem_base()

Response: Custom system base unconversion function


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
add a suffix to a full file name

Response:
def add_suffix(fullname, suffix):
    """ Add suffix to a full file name"""
    name, ext = os.path.splitext(fullname)
    return name + '_' + suffix + ext


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
returning the original full path if full path is specified otherwise return the original full path

Response:
def get_fullpath(self, fullname=None, relative_to=None):
        """
        Return the original full path if full path is specified, otherwise
        search in the case file path
        """
        # if is an empty path
        if not fullname:
            return fullname

        isabs = os.path.isabs(fullname)

        path, name = os.path.split(fullname)

        if not name:  # path to a folder
            return None
        else:  # path to a file
            if isabs:
                return fullname
            else:
                return os.path.join(self.case_path, path, name)


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
switch if time for eAgc has come

Response:
def switch(self):
        """Switch if time for eAgc has come"""
        t = self.system.dae.t
        for idx in range(0, self.n):
            if t >= self.tl[idx]:
                if self.en[idx] == 0:
                    self.en[idx] = 1
                    logger.info(
                        'Extended ACE <{}> activated at t = {}.'.format(
                            self.idx[idx], t))


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
returns a list of command - line interface names by querying hook in all_pkg.

Response:
def get_command(all_pkg, hook):
    """
    Collect the command-line interface names by querying ``hook`` in ``all_pkg``

    Parameters
    ----------
    all_pkg: list
        list of package files
    hook: str
        A variable where the command is stored. ``__cli__`` by default.
    Returns
    -------
    list
    """
    ret = []
    for r in all_pkg:
        module = importlib.import_module(__name__ + '.' + r.lower())
        ret.append(getattr(module, hook))
    return ret


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def get_times(self):
        if not self.n:
            return list()

        ret = list()

        for item in self._event_times:
            ret += list(self.__dict__[item])

        return ret + list(matrix(ret) - 1e-6)

Response: Return a list of occurrance times of the events


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def apply(self, sim_time):
        if not self.n:
            return

        # skip if already applied
        if self._last_time != sim_time:
            self._last_time = sim_time
        else:
            return

Response: Apply the event and the related attributes.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
build the transmission line admittance matrix into self. Y.

Response:
def build_y(self):
        """Build transmission line admittance matrix into self.Y"""
        if not self.n:
            return
        self.y1 = mul(self.u, self.g1 + self.b1 * 1j)
        self.y2 = mul(self.u, self.g2 + self.b2 * 1j)
        self.y12 = div(self.u, self.r + self.x * 1j)
        self.m = polar(self.tap, self.phi * deg2rad)
        self.m2 = abs(self.m)**2
        self.mconj = conj(self.m)

        # build self and mutual admittances into Y
        self.Y = spmatrix(
            div(self.y12 + self.y1, self.m2), self.a1, self.a1,
            (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Y -= spmatrix(
            div(self.y12, self.mconj), self.a1, self.a2, (self.nb, self.nb),
            'z')
        self.Y -= spmatrix(
            div(self.y12, self.m), self.a2, self.a1, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Y += spmatrix(self.y12 + self.y2, self.a2, self.a2,
                           (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def build_b(self):
        if not self.n:
            return
        method = self.system.pflow.config.method.lower()

        # Build B prime matrix
        y1 = mul(
            self.u, self.g1
        )  # y1 neglects line charging shunt, and g1 is usually 0 in HV lines
        y2 = mul(
            self.u, self.g2
        )  # y2 neglects line charging shunt, and g2 is usually 0 in HV lines
        m = polar(1.0, self.phi * deg2rad)  # neglected tap ratio
        self.mconj = conj(m)
        m2 = matrix(1.0, (self.n, 1), 'z')
        if method in ('fdxb', 'dcpf'):
            # neglect line resistance in Bp in XB method
            y12 = div(self.u, self.x * 1j)
        else:
            y12 = div(self.u, self.r + self.x * 1j)
        self.Bp = spmatrix(
            div(y12 + y1, m2), self.a1, self.a1, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Bp -= spmatrix(
            div(y12, conj(m)), self.a1, self.a2, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Bp -= spmatrix(
            div(y12, m), self.a2, self.a1, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Bp += spmatrix(y12 + y2, self.a2, self.a2, (self.nb, self.nb),
                            'z')
        self.Bp = self.Bp.imag()

        # Build B double prime matrix
        y1 = mul(
            self.u, self.g1 + self.b1 * 1j
        )  # y1 neglected line charging shunt, and g1 is usually 0 in HV lines
        y2 = mul(
            self.u, self.g2 + self.b2 * 1j
        )  # y2 neglected line charging shunt, and g2 is usually 0 in HV lines
        m = self.tap + 0j  # neglected phase shifter
        m2 = abs(m)**2 + 0j

        if method in ('fdbx', 'fdpf', 'dcpf'):
            # neglect line resistance in Bpp in BX method
            y12 = div(self.u, self.x * 1j)
        else:
            y12 = div(self.u, self.r + self.x * 1j)
        self.Bpp = spmatrix(
            div(y12 + y1, m2), self.a1, self.a1, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Bpp -= spmatrix(
            div(y12, conj(m)), self.a1, self.a2, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Bpp -= spmatrix(
            div(y12, m), self.a2, self.a1, (self.nb, self.nb), 'z')
        self.Bpp += spmatrix(y12 + y2, self.a2, self.a2, (self.nb, self.nb),
                             'z')
        self.Bpp = self.Bpp.imag()

        for item in range(self.nb):
            if abs(self.Bp[item, item]) == 0:
                self.Bp[item, item] = 1e-6 + 0j
            if abs(self.Bpp[item, item]) == 0:
                self.Bpp[item, item] = 1e-6 + 0j

Response: build Bp and Bpp for fast decoupled method


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def incidence(self):
        self.C = \
            spmatrix(self.u, range(self.n), self.a1, (self.n, self.nb), 'd') -\
            spmatrix(self.u, range(self.n), self.a2, (self.n, self.nb), 'd')

Response: Build incidence matrix into self. C


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
checks connectivity of a bus using Goderya s algorithm

Response:
def connectivity(self, bus):
        """check connectivity of network using Goderya's algorithm"""
        if not self.n:
            return
        n = self.nb
        fr = self.a1
        to = self.a2
        os = [0] * self.n

        # find islanded buses
        diag = list(
            matrix(
                spmatrix(self.u, to, os, (n, 1), 'd') +
                spmatrix(self.u, fr, os, (n, 1), 'd')))
        nib = bus.n_islanded_buses = diag.count(0)
        bus.islanded_buses = []
        for idx in range(n):
            if diag[idx] == 0:
                bus.islanded_buses.append(idx)

        # find islanded areas
        temp = spmatrix(
            list(self.u) * 4, fr + to + fr + to, to + fr + fr + to, (n, n),
            'd')
        cons = temp[0, :]
        nelm = len(cons.J)
        conn = spmatrix([], [], [], (1, n), 'd')
        bus.island_sets = []
        idx = islands = 0
        enum = 0

        while 1:
            while 1:
                cons = cons * temp
                cons = sparse(cons)  # remove zero values
                new_nelm = len(cons.J)
                if new_nelm == nelm:
                    break
                nelm = new_nelm
            if len(cons.J) == n:  # all buses are interconnected
                return
            bus.island_sets.append(list(cons.J))
            conn += cons
            islands += 1
            nconn = len(conn.J)
            if nconn >= (n - nib):
                bus.island_sets = [i for i in bus.island_sets if i != []]
                break

            for element in conn.J[idx:]:
                if not diag[idx]:
                    enum += 1  # skip islanded buses
                if element <= enum:
                    idx += 1
                    enum += 1
                else:
                    break

            cons = temp[enum, :]


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
build line Jacobian matrix

Response:
def build_gy(self, dae):
        """Build line Jacobian matrix"""
        if not self.n:
            idx = range(dae.m)
            dae.set_jac(Gy, 1e-6, idx, idx)
            return

        Vn = polar(1.0, dae.y[self.a])
        Vc = mul(dae.y[self.v], Vn)
        Ic = self.Y * Vc

        diagVn = spdiag(Vn)
        diagVc = spdiag(Vc)
        diagIc = spdiag(Ic)

        dS = self.Y * diagVn
        dS = diagVc * conj(dS)
        dS += conj(diagIc) * diagVn

        dR = diagIc
        dR -= self.Y * diagVc
        dR = diagVc.H.T * dR

        self.gy_store = sparse([[dR.imag(), dR.real()], [dS.real(),
                                                         dS.imag()]])

        return self.gy_store


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
compute the flow through the line after solving PF.

Response:
def seriesflow(self, dae):
        """
        Compute the flow through the line after solving PF.

        Compute terminal injections, line losses
        """

        # Vm = dae.y[self.v]
        # Va = dae.y[self.a]
        # V1 = polar(Vm[self.a1], Va[self.a1])
        # V2 = polar(Vm[self.a2], Va[self.a2])

        I1 = mul(self.v1, div(self.y12 + self.y1, self.m2)) - \
            mul(self.v2, div(self.y12, self.mconj))
        I2 = mul(self.v2, self.y12 + self.y2) - \
            mul(self.v2, div(self.y12, self.m))

        self.I1_real = I1.real()
        self.I1_imag = I1.imag()
        self.I2_real = I2.real()
        self.I2_imag = I2.imag()

        self.S1 = mul(self.v1, conj(I1))
        self.S2 = mul(self.v2, conj(I2))

        self.P1 = self.S1.real()
        self.P2 = self.S2.real()
        self.Q1 = self.S1.imag()
        self.Q2 = self.S2.imag()

        self.chg1 = mul(self.g1 + 1j * self.b1, div(self.v1**2, self.m2))
        self.chg2 = mul(self.g2 + 1j * self.b2, self.v2**2)

        self.Pchg1 = self.chg1.real()
        self.Pchg2 = self.chg2.real()

        self.Qchg1 = self.chg1.imag()
        self.Qchg2 = self.chg2.imag()

        self._line_flows = matrix([self.P1, self.P2, self.Q1, self.Q2,
                                   self.I1_real, self.I1_imag,
                                   self.I2_real, self.I2_imag])


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
returns voltage phasors at the from buses ( bus1

Response:
def v1(self):
        """Return voltage phasors at the "from buses" (bus1)"""
        Vm = self.system.dae.y[self.v]
        Va = self.system.dae.y[self.a]
        return polar(Vm[self.a1], Va[self.a1])


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
returns voltage phasors at the to buses ( bus1

Response:
def v2(self):
        """Return voltage phasors at the "to buses" (bus2)"""
        Vm = self.system.dae.y[self.v]
        Va = self.system.dae.y[self.a]
        return polar(Vm[self.a2], Va[self.a2])


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def switch(self, idx, u):
        self.u[self.uid[idx]] = u
        self.rebuild = True
        self.system.dae.factorize = True
        logger.debug('<Line> Status switch to {} on idx {}.'.format(u, idx))

Response: switch the status of Line idx


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
building variable names for the current object.

Response:
def _varname_flow(self):
        """Build variable names for Pij, Pji, Qij, Qji, Sij, Sji"""
        if not self.n:
            return

        mpq = self.system.dae.m + 2 * self.system.Bus.n
        nl = self.n

        # Pij
        xy_idx = range(mpq, mpq + nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Pij',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='P_{ij}',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Pji
        xy_idx = range(mpq + nl, mpq + 2 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Pji',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='P_{ji}',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Qij
        xy_idx = range(mpq + 2 * nl, mpq + 3 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Qij',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Q_{ij}',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Qji
        xy_idx = range(mpq + 3 * nl, mpq + 4 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Qji',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Q_{ji}',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Iij Real
        xy_idx = range(mpq + 4 * nl, mpq + 5 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Iij_Re',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='\\Re(I_{ij})',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Iij Imag
        xy_idx = range(mpq + 5 * nl, mpq + 6 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Iij_Im',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='\\Im(I_{ij})',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Iji Real
        xy_idx = range(mpq + 6 * nl, mpq + 7 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Iji_Re',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='\\Re(I_{ji})',
            element_name=self.name)

        # Iji Imag
        xy_idx = range(mpq + 7 * nl, mpq + 8 * nl)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='unamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='Iji_Im',
            element_name=self.name)
        self.system.varname.append(
            listname='fnamey',
            xy_idx=xy_idx,
            var_name='\\Im(I_{ji})',
            element_name=self.name)


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
return the seriesflow based on the external idx on the bus side

Response:
def get_flow_by_idx(self, idx, bus):
        """Return seriesflow based on the external idx on the `bus` side"""
        P, Q = [], []
        if type(idx) is not list:
            idx = [idx]
        if type(bus) is not list:
            bus = [bus]

        for line_idx, bus_idx in zip(idx, bus):
            line_int = self.uid[line_idx]
            if bus_idx == self.bus1[line_int]:
                P.append(self.P1[line_int])
                Q.append(self.Q1[line_int])
            elif bus_idx == self.bus2[line_int]:
                P.append(self.P2[line_int])
                Q.append(self.Q2[line_int])
        return matrix(P), matrix(Q)


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
returning leaf bus idx line idx and line foreign key

Response:
def leaf_bus(self, df=False):
        """
        Return leaf bus idx, line idx, and the line foreign key

        Returns
        -------
        (list, list, list) or DataFrame

        """
        # leafs - leaf bus idx
        # lines - line idx
        # fkey - the foreign key of Line, in 'bus1' or 'bus2', linking the bus

        leafs, lines, fkeys = list(), list(), list()

        # convert to unique, ordered list
        buses = sorted(list(set(self.bus1 + self.bus2)))

        links = self.link_bus(buses)

        for bus, link in zip(buses, links):
            line = link[0]
            fkey = link[1]
            if line is None:
                continue
            if len(line) == 1:
                leafs.append(bus)
                lines.extend(line)
                fkeys.extend(fkey)

        # output formatting
        if df is False:
            return leafs, lines, fkeys
        else:
            _data = {'Bus idx': leafs, 'Line idx': lines, 'fkey': fkeys}
            if globals()['pd'] is None:
                globals()['pd'] = importlib.import_module('pandas')
            return pd.DataFrame(data=_data)


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
truncate the text into a list of strings of length length.

Response:
def truncate(text, length=255):
        """
        Splits the message into a list of strings of of length `length`

        Args:
            text (str): The text to be divided
            length (int, optional): The length of the chunks of text. \
                    Defaults to 255.

        Returns:
            list: Text divided into chunks of length `length`
        """

        lines = []
        i = 0
        while i < len(text) - 1:
            try:
                lines.append(text[i:i+length])
                i += length

            except IndexError as e:
                lines.append(text[i:])
        return lines


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def resize_for_flows(self):
        if self.system.config.dime_enable:
            self.system.tds.config.compute_flows = True

        if self.system.tds.config.compute_flows:
            nflows = 2 * self.system.Bus.n + \
                     8 * self.system.Line.n + \
                     2 * self.system.Area.n_combination
            self.unamey.extend([''] * nflows)
            self.fnamey.extend([''] * nflows)

Response: Extend unamey and fnamey for bus injections and line flows


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def append(self, listname, xy_idx, var_name, element_name):
        self.resize()
        string = '{0} {1}'
        if listname not in ['unamex', 'unamey', 'fnamex', 'fnamey']:
            logger.error('Wrong list name for varname.')
            return
        elif listname in ['fnamex', 'fnamey']:
            string = '${0}\\ {1}$'

        if isinstance(element_name, list):
            for i, j in zip(xy_idx, element_name):
                # manual elem_add LaTex space for auto-generated element name
                if listname == 'fnamex' or listname == 'fnamey':
                    j = j.replace(' ', '\\ ')
                self.__dict__[listname][i] = string.format(var_name, j)
        elif isinstance(element_name, int):
            self.__dict__[listname][xy_idx] = string.format(
                var_name, element_name)
        else:
            logger.warning(
                'Unknown element_name type while building varname')

Response: Append variable names to the name lists


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
appending bus injection and line flow names to varName

Response:
def bus_line_names(self):
        """Append bus injection and line flow names to `varname`"""
        if self.system.tds.config.compute_flows:
            self.system.Bus._varname_inj()
            self.system.Line._varname_flow()
            self.system.Area._varname_inter()


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def get_xy_name(self, yidx, xidx=0):
        assert isinstance(xidx, int)
        if isinstance(yidx, int):
            yidx = [yidx]

        uname = ['Time [s]'] + self.uname
        fname = ['$Time\\ [s]$'] + self.fname

        xname = [list(), list()]
        yname = [list(), list()]

        xname[0] = uname[xidx]
        xname[1] = fname[xidx]

        yname[0] = [uname[i] for i in yidx]
        yname[1] = [fname[i] for i in yidx]

        return xname, yname

Response: Return variable names for the given indices.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
returns a dictionary containing all known services.

Response:
def get_known_services():
    """Return a dictionary of all known services.
    :return: A dictionary containing entries { service name : service class }

    Future: This will change to a dictionary containing references to
            factories:               { service name : service class factory }
            A factory is a function that takes no arguments and returns an
            uninstantiated service class. This will avoid importing all
            service classes.
    """
    if not hasattr(get_known_services, "cache"):
        setattr(
            get_known_services,
            "cache",
            {
                e.name: e.load()
                for e in pkg_resources.iter_entry_points("workflows.services")
            },
        )
    register = get_known_services.cache.copy()
    return register


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
command line input parser

Response:
def cli_parse():
    """command line input parser"""
    parser = ArgumentParser(prog='andesplot')
    parser.add_argument('datfile', nargs=1, default=[], help='dat file name.')
    parser.add_argument('x', nargs=1, type=int, help='x axis variable index')
    parser.add_argument('y', nargs='*', help='y axis variable index')
    parser.add_argument('--xmax', type=float, help='x axis maximum value')
    parser.add_argument('--ymax', type=float, help='y axis maximum value')
    parser.add_argument('--ymin', type=float, help='y axis minimum value')
    parser.add_argument('--xmin', type=float, help='x axis minimum value')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--checkinit', action='store_true', help='check initialization value')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-x', '--xlabel', type=str, help='manual set x-axis text label')
    parser.add_argument('-y', '--ylabel', type=str, help='y-axis text label')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-s', '--save', action='store_true', help='save to file')
    parser.add_argument('-g', '--grid', action='store_true', help='grid on')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-d',
        '--no_latex',
        action='store_true',
        help='disable LaTex formatting')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-u',
        '--unattended',
        action='store_true',
        help='do not show the plot window')
    parser.add_argument('--ytimes', type=str, help='y times')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--dpi', type=int, help='image resolution in dot per inch (DPI)')
    args = parser.parse_args()
    return vars(args)


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def add_plot(x, y, xl, yl, fig, ax, LATEX=False, linestyle=None, **kwargs):
    if LATEX:
        xl_data = xl[1]  # NOQA
        yl_data = yl[1]
    else:
        xl_data = xl[0]  # NOQA
        yl_data = yl[0]

    for idx in range(len(y)):
        ax.plot(x, y[idx], label=yl_data[idx], linestyle=linestyle)

    ax.legend(loc='upper right')
    ax.set_ylim(auto=True)

Response: Add plots to an existing plot


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def check_init(yval, yl):
    suspect = []
    for var, label in zip(yval, yl):
        if abs(var[0] - var[-1]) >= 1e-6:
            suspect.append(label)
    if suspect:
        print('Initialization failure:')
        print(', '.join(suspect))
    else:
        print('Initialization is correct.')

Response: Check initialization by comparing t = 0 and t = end values


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def load_lst(self):
        with open(self._lst_file, 'r') as fd:
            lines = fd.readlines()

        idx, uname, fname = list(), list(), list()

        for line in lines:
            values = line.split(',')
            values = [x.strip() for x in values]

            # preserve the idx ordering here in case variables are not
            # ordered by idx
            idx.append(int(values[0]))  # convert to integer
            uname.append(values[1])
            fname.append(values[2])

        self._idx = idx
        self._fname = fname
        self._uname = uname

Response: Load the lst file into internal data structures


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
return variable names and indices matching query

Response:
def find_var(self, query, formatted=False):
        """
        Return variable names and indices matching ``query``
        """

        # load the variable list to search in
        names = self._uname if formatted is False else self._fname

        found_idx, found_names = list(), list()

        for idx, name in zip(self._idx, names):
            if re.search(query, name):
                found_idx.append(idx)
                found_names.append(name)

        return found_idx, found_names


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
load the dat file into internal data structures.

Response:
def load_dat(self, delimiter=','):
        """
        Load the dat file into internal data structures, ``self._data``
        """
        try:
            data = np.loadtxt(self._dat_file, delimiter=',')
        except ValueError:
            data = np.loadtxt(self._dat_file)

        self._data = data


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def get_values(self, idx):
        if isinstance(idx, list):
            idx = np.array(idx, dtype=int)

        return self._data[:, idx]

Response: Return the variable values at the given indices


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def get_header(self, idx, formatted=False):
        header = self._uname if not formatted else self._fname
        return [header[x] for x in idx]

Response: Return a list of the variable names at the given indices


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def export_csv(self, path, idx=None, header=None, formatted=False,
                   sort_idx=True, fmt='%.18e'):
        """
        Export to a csv file

        Parameters
        ----------
        path : str
            path of the csv file to save
        idx : None or array-like, optional
            the indices of the variables to export. Export all by default
        header : None or array-like, optional
            customized header if not `None`. Use the names from the lst file
            by default
        formatted : bool, optional
            Use LaTeX-formatted header. Does not apply when using customized
            header
        sort_idx : bool, optional
            Sort by idx or not, # TODO: implement sort
        fmt : str
            cell formatter
        """
        if not idx:
            idx = self._idx
        if not header:
            header = self.get_header(idx, formatted=formatted)

        assert len(idx) == len(header), \
            "Idx length does not match header length"

        body = self.get_values(idx)

        with open(path, 'w') as fd:
            fd.write(','.join(header) + '\n')
            np.savetxt(fd, body, fmt=fmt, delimiter=',')

Response: Exports the current state of the object to a csv file.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def auto_style(self):
        if self._row_size is None:
            return
        elif self._row_size == 3:
            self.set_cols_align(['l', 'l', 'l'])
            self.set_cols_valign(['t', 't', 't'])
            self.set_cols_width([12, 54, 12])
        elif self._row_size == 4:
            self.set_cols_align(['l', 'l', 'l', 'l'])
            self.set_cols_valign(['t', 't', 't', 't'])
            self.set_cols_width([10, 40, 10, 10])

Response: automatic styling according to _row_size 76 characters in a row


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
generate texttable formatted string

Response:
def draw(self):
        """generate texttable formatted string"""
        self.guess_header()
        self.add_left_space(
        )
        # for Texttable, elem_add a column of whitespace on the left for
        # better visual effect
        if self._title and self._descr:
            pre = self._title + '\n' + self._descr + '\n\n'
        elif self._title:
            pre = self._title + '\n\n'
        elif self._descr:
            pre = 'Empty Title' + '\n' + self._descr + '\n'
        else:
            pre = ''
        empty_line = '\n\n'
        return pre + str(Texttable.draw(self)) + empty_line


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def guess_width(self):
        if len(self.header) <= 4:
            nspace = 6
        elif len(self.header) <= 6:
            nspace = 5
        else:
            nspace = 4
        ncol = len(self.header)
        self._width = [nspace] * ncol
        width = [0] * ncol

        # set initial width from header
        for idx, item in enumerate(self.header):
            width[idx] = len(str(item))

        # guess width of each column from first 10 lines of data
        samples = min(len(self.data), 10)
        for col in range(ncol):
            for idx in range(samples):
                data = self.data[idx][col]
                if not isinstance(data, (float, int)):
                    temp = len(data)
                else:
                    temp = 10
                if temp > width[col]:
                    width[col] = temp

        for col in range(ncol):
            self._width[col] += width[col]

Response: auto fit column width


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
subscribing to a queue.

Response:
def subscribe(self, channel, callback, **kwargs):
        """Listen to a queue, notify via callback function.
        :param channel: Queue name to subscribe to
        :param callback: Function to be called when messages are received.
                         The callback will pass two arguments, the header as a
                         dictionary structure, and the message.
        :param **kwargs: Further parameters for the transport layer. For example
               disable_mangling: Receive messages as unprocessed strings.
               exclusive: Attempt to become exclusive subscriber to the queue.
               acknowledgement: If true receipt of each message needs to be
                                acknowledged.
        :return: A unique subscription ID
        """
        self.__subscription_id += 1

        def mangled_callback(header, message):
            return callback(header, self._mangle_for_receiving(message))

        if "disable_mangling" in kwargs:
            if kwargs["disable_mangling"]:
                mangled_callback = callback
            del kwargs["disable_mangling"]
        self.__subscriptions[self.__subscription_id] = {
            "channel": channel,
            "callback": mangled_callback,
            "ack": kwargs.get("acknowledgement"),
            "unsubscribed": False,
        }
        self.log.debug("Subscribing to %s with ID %d", channel, self.__subscription_id)
        self._subscribe(self.__subscription_id, channel, mangled_callback, **kwargs)
        return self.__subscription_id


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
stop listening to a queue or broadcast.

Response:
def unsubscribe(self, subscription, drop_callback_reference=False, **kwargs):
        """Stop listening to a queue or a broadcast
        :param subscription: Subscription ID to cancel
        :param drop_callback_reference: Drop the reference to the registered
                                        callback function immediately. This
                                        means any buffered messages still in
                                        flight will not arrive at the intended
                                        destination and cause exceptions to be
                                        raised instead.
        :param **kwargs: Further parameters for the transport layer.
        """
        if subscription not in self.__subscriptions:
            raise workflows.Error("Attempting to unsubscribe unknown subscription")
        if self.__subscriptions[subscription]["unsubscribed"]:
            raise workflows.Error(
                "Attempting to unsubscribe already unsubscribed subscription"
            )
        self._unsubscribe(subscription, **kwargs)
        self.__subscriptions[subscription]["unsubscribed"] = True
        if drop_callback_reference:
            self.drop_callback_reference(subscription)


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
drops reference to the callback function after subscribing.

Response:
def drop_callback_reference(self, subscription):
        """Drop reference to the callback function after unsubscribing.
        Any future messages arriving for that subscription will result in
        exceptions being raised.
        :param subscription: Subscription ID to delete callback reference for.
        """
        if subscription not in self.__subscriptions:
            raise workflows.Error(
                "Attempting to drop callback reference for unknown subscription"
            )
        if not self.__subscriptions[subscription]["unsubscribed"]:
            raise workflows.Error(
                "Attempting to drop callback reference for live subscription"
            )
        del self.__subscriptions[subscription]


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def subscribe_broadcast(self, channel, callback, **kwargs):
        self.__subscription_id += 1

        def mangled_callback(header, message):
            return callback(header, self._mangle_for_receiving(message))

        if "disable_mangling" in kwargs:
            if kwargs["disable_mangling"]:
                mangled_callback = callback
            del kwargs["disable_mangling"]
        self.__subscriptions[self.__subscription_id] = {
            "channel": channel,
            "callback": mangled_callback,
            "ack": False,
            "unsubscribed": False,
        }
        self.log.debug(
            "Subscribing to broadcasts on %s with ID %d",
            channel,
            self.__subscription_id,
        )
        self._subscribe_broadcast(
            self.__subscription_id, channel, mangled_callback, **kwargs
        )
        return self.__subscription_id

Response: Subscribe to a topic and notify the callback function.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def subscription_callback(self, subscription):
        subscription_record = self.__subscriptions.get(subscription)
        if not subscription_record:
            raise workflows.Error("Attempting to callback on unknown subscription")
        callback = subscription_record["callback"]
        if self.__callback_interceptor:
            return self.__callback_interceptor(callback)
        return callback

Response:
Retrieve the callback function for a given subscription. Raise a
Exception if the subscription does not exist.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def send(self, destination, message, **kwargs):
        message = self._mangle_for_sending(message)
        self._send(destination, message, **kwargs)

Response: Send a message to a queue.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
sends a message to a queue.

Response:
def raw_send(self, destination, message, **kwargs):
        """Send a raw (unmangled) message to a queue.
        This may cause errors if the receiver expects a mangled message.
        :param destination: Queue name to send to
        :param message: Either a string or a serializable object to be sent
        :param **kwargs: Further parameters for the transport layer. For example
               delay: Delay transport of message by this many seconds
               headers: Optional dictionary of header entries
               expiration: Optional expiration time, relative to sending time
               transaction: Transaction ID if message should be part of a
                            transaction
        """
        self._send(destination, message, **kwargs)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def broadcast(self, destination, message, **kwargs):
        message = self._mangle_for_sending(message)
        self._broadcast(destination, message, **kwargs)

Response: Broadcast a message to a topic.


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def raw_broadcast(self, destination, message, **kwargs):
        self._broadcast(destination, message, **kwargs)

Response: Broadcast a message to a topic.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def ack(self, message, subscription_id=None, **kwargs):
        if isinstance(message, dict):
            message_id = message.get("message-id")
            if not subscription_id:
                subscription_id = message.get("subscription")
        else:
            message_id = message
        if not message_id:
            raise workflows.Error("Cannot acknowledge message without " + "message ID")
        if not subscription_id:
            raise workflows.Error(
                "Cannot acknowledge message without " + "subscription ID"
            )
        self.log.debug(
            "Acknowledging message %s on subscription %s", message_id, subscription_id
        )
        self._ack(message_id, subscription_id, **kwargs)

Response: Acknowledge receipt of a message.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def nack(self, message, subscription_id=None, **kwargs):
        if isinstance(message, dict):
            message_id = message.get("message-id")
            if not subscription_id:
                subscription_id = message.get("subscription")
        else:
            message_id = message
        if not message_id:
            raise workflows.Error("Cannot reject message without " + "message ID")
        if not subscription_id:
            raise workflows.Error("Cannot reject message without " + "subscription ID")
        self.log.debug(
            "Rejecting message %s on subscription %s", message_id, subscription_id
        )
        self._nack(message_id, subscription_id, **kwargs)

Response: Reject receipt of a message.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def transaction_begin(self, **kwargs):
        self.__transaction_id += 1
        self.__transactions.add(self.__transaction_id)
        self.log.debug("Starting transaction with ID %d", self.__subscription_id)
        self._transaction_begin(self.__transaction_id, **kwargs)
        return self.__transaction_id

Response: Begin a new transaction.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
aborts a transaction and roll back all operations.

Response:
def transaction_abort(self, transaction_id, **kwargs):
        """Abort a transaction and roll back all operations.
        :param transaction_id: ID of transaction to be aborted.
        :param **kwargs: Further parameters for the transport layer.
        """
        if transaction_id not in self.__transactions:
            raise workflows.Error("Attempting to abort unknown transaction")
        self.log.debug("Aborting transaction %s", transaction_id)
        self.__transactions.remove(transaction_id)
        self._transaction_abort(transaction_id, **kwargs)


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def transaction_commit(self, transaction_id, **kwargs):
        if transaction_id not in self.__transactions:
            raise workflows.Error("Attempting to commit unknown transaction")
        self.log.debug("Committing transaction %s", transaction_id)
        self.__transactions.remove(transaction_id)
        self._transaction_commit(transaction_id, **kwargs)

Response:
Commit a transaction.
        :param transaction_id: ID of transaction to be committed.
        :param **kwargs: Further parameters for the transport layer.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
reading a MATPOWER data file into mpc and build andes device elements

Response:
def read(file, system):
    """Read a MATPOWER data file into mpc and build andes device elements"""
    func = re.compile('function\\s')
    mva = re.compile('\\s*mpc.baseMVA\\s*=\\s*')
    bus = re.compile('\\s*mpc.bus\\s*=\\s*\\[')
    gen = re.compile('\\s*mpc.gen\\s*=\\s*\\[')
    branch = re.compile('\\s*mpc.branch\\s*=\\s*\\[')
    area = re.compile('\\s*mpc.areas\\s*=\\s*\\[')
    gencost = re.compile('\\s*mpc.gencost\\s*=\\s*\\[')
    bus_name = re.compile('\\s*mpc.bus_name\\s*=\\s*\\{')
    end = re.compile('\\s*\\];?')
    hasdigit = re.compile('.*\\d+\\s*]?;?')
    comment = re.compile('\\s*%.*')

    retval = True
    field = None
    info = True

    basemva = 100
    mpc = {
        'bus': [],
        'gen': [],
        'branch': [],
        'area': [],
        'gencost': [],
        'bus_name': [],
    }

    fid = open(file, 'r')

    for line in fid:
        line = line.strip().rstrip(';')
        if not line:
            continue
        elif func.search(line):  # skip function declaration
            continue
        elif comment.search(line):  # for comment lines
            if info:
                logger.info(line[1:72])
                info = False
            else:
                continue
        elif mva.search(line):
            basemva = float(line.split('=')[1])

        if not field:
            if bus.search(line):
                field = 'bus'
            elif gen.search(line):
                field = 'gen'
            elif branch.search(line):
                field = 'branch'
            elif area.search(line):
                field = 'area'
            elif gencost.search(line):
                field = 'gencost'
            elif bus_name.search(line):
                field = 'bus_name'
            else:
                continue
        elif end.search(line):
            field = None
            continue

        # parse mpc sections
        if field:
            if line.find('=') >= 0:
                line = line.split('=')[1]
            if line.find('[') >= 0:
                line = re.sub(r'\[', '', line)
            elif line.find('{') >= 0:
                line = re.sub(r'{', '', line)

            if line.find('\'') >= 0:  # bus_name
                line = line.split(';')
                data = [i.strip('\'').strip() for i in line]
                mpc['bus_name'].extend(data)
            else:
                if not hasdigit.search(line):
                    continue
                line = line.split(';')
                for item in line:
                    data = [float(val) for val in item.split()]
                    mpc[field].append(data)

    fid.close()

    # add model elements to system
    sw = []

    system.mva = basemva

    for data in mpc['bus']:
        # idx  ty   pd   qd  gs  bs  area  vmag  vang  baseKV  zone  vmax  vmin
        # 0    1    2   3   4   5    6      7     8     9      10    11    12
        idx = int(data[0])
        ty = data[1]
        if ty == 3:
            sw.append(idx)
        pd = data[2] / basemva
        qd = data[3] / basemva
        gs = data[4] / basemva
        bs = data[5] / basemva
        area = data[6]
        vmag = data[7]
        vang = data[8] * deg2rad
        baseKV = data[9]
        zone = data[10]
        vmax = data[11]
        vmin = data[12]

        try:
            system.Bus.elem_add(
                idx=idx,
                name='Bus ' + str(idx),
                Vn=baseKV,
                voltage=vmag,
                angle=vang,
                vmax=vmax,
                vmin=vmin,
                area=area,
                region=zone)
            if pd or qd:
                system.PQ.elem_add(
                    bus=idx, name='PQ ' + str(idx), Vn=baseKV, p=pd, q=qd)
            if gs or bs:
                system.Shunt.elem_add(
                    bus=idx, name='Shunt ' + str(idx), Vn=baseKV, g=gs, b=bs)
        except KeyError:
            logger.error('Error adding <Bus> to powersystem object.')
            retval = False

    gen_idx = 0
    for data in mpc['gen']:
        # bus  pg  qg  qmax  qmin  vg  mbase  status  pmax  pmin  pc1  pc2
        #  0   1   2    3     4     5    6      7       8    9    10    11
        # qc1min  qc1max  qc2min  qc2max  ramp_agc  ramp_10  ramp_30  ramp_q
        #  12      13       14      15      16        17       18      19
        # apf
        #  20

        bus_idx = int(data[0])
        gen_idx += 1
        vg = data[5]
        status = int(data[7])
        mbase = basemva
        pg = data[1] / mbase
        qg = data[2] / mbase
        qmax = data[3] / mbase
        qmin = data[4] / mbase
        pmax = data[8] / mbase
        pmin = data[9] / mbase

        try:
            vn = system.Bus.Vn[system.Bus.uid[bus_idx]]
            if bus_idx in sw:
                system.SW.elem_add(
                    idx=gen_idx,
                    bus=bus_idx,
                    busr=bus_idx,
                    name='SW ' + str(bus_idx),
                    u=status,
                    Vn=vn,
                    v0=vg,
                    pg=pg,
                    qg=qg,
                    pmax=pmax,
                    pmin=pmin,
                    qmax=qmax,
                    qmin=qmin,
                    a0=0.0)
            else:
                system.PV.elem_add(
                    idx=gen_idx,
                    bus=bus_idx,
                    busr=bus_idx,
                    name='PV ' + str(bus_idx),
                    u=status,
                    Vn=vn,
                    v0=vg,
                    pg=pg,
                    qg=qg,
                    pmax=pmax,
                    pmin=pmin,
                    qmax=qmax,
                    qmin=qmin)
        except KeyError:
            logger.error(
                'Error adding <SW> or <PV> to powersystem object.')
            retval = False

    for data in mpc['branch']:
        # fbus	tbus	r	x	b	rateA	rateB	rateC	ratio	angle
        #  0     1      2   3   4     5       6       7       8      9
        # status	angmin	angmax	Pf	Qf	Pt	Qt
        #   10       11       12    13  14  15  16
        fbus = data[0]
        tbus = data[1]
        r = data[2]
        x = data[3]
        b = data[4]
        status = int(data[10])

        if data[8] == 0.0:  # not a transformer
            tf = False
            ratio = 1
            angle = 0
        elif data[8] == 1.0 and data[9] == 0.0:  # not a transformer
            tf = False
            ratio = 1
            angle = 0
        else:
            tf = True
            ratio = data[8]
            angle = data[9]
        try:
            vf = system.Bus.Vn[system.Bus.uid[fbus]]
            vt = system.Bus.Vn[system.Bus.uid[tbus]]
            system.Line.elem_add(
                Vn=vf,
                Vn2=vt,
                bus1=fbus,
                bus2=tbus,
                r=r,
                x=x,
                b=b,
                u=status,
                trasf=tf,
                tap=ratio,
                phi=angle)
        except KeyError:
            logger.error('Error adding <Line> to powersystem object.')
            retval = False
    if len(mpc['bus_name']) == len(system.Bus.name):
        system.Bus.name[:] = mpc['bus_name']

    return retval


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
add self into full Jacobian Y

Response:
def full_y(self, Y):
        """Add self(shunt) into full Jacobian Y"""
        if not self.n:
            return
        Ysh = matrix(self.g,
                     (self.n, 1), 'd') + 1j * matrix(self.b, (self.n, 1), 'd')
        uYsh = mul(self.u, Ysh)
        Y += spmatrix(uYsh, self.a, self.a, Y.size, 'z')


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
importing and instantiates this JIT object

Response:
def jit_load(self):
        """
        Import and instantiate this JIT object

        Returns
        -------

        """
        try:
            model = importlib.import_module('.' + self.model, 'andes.models')
            device = getattr(model, self.device)
            self.system.__dict__[self.name] = device(self.system, self.name)

            g = self.system.__dict__[self.name]._group
            self.system.group_add(g)
            self.system.__dict__[g].register_model(self.name)

            # register device after loading
            self.system.devman.register_device(self.name)
            self.loaded = 1
            logger.debug('Imported model <{:s}.{:s}>.'.format(
                self.model, self.device))
        except ImportError:
            logger.error(
                'non-JIT model <{:s}.{:s}> import error'
                .format(self.model, self.device))
        except AttributeError:
            logger.error(
                'model <{:s}.{:s}> not exist. Check models/__init__.py'
                .format(self.model, self.device))


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
overloading elem_add function of a JIT class

Response:
def elem_add(self, idx=None, name=None, **kwargs):
        """overloading elem_add function of a JIT class"""
        self.jit_load()
        if self.loaded:
            return self.system.__dict__[self.name].elem_add(
                idx, name, **kwargs)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def initializing(self):
        self.subid = self._transport.subscribe(
            "transient.transaction", self.receive_message, acknowledgement=True
        )

Response: Subscribe to a channel. Received messages must be acknowledged.


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
receiving a message from the broker.

Response:
def receive_message(self, header, message):
        """Receive a message"""

        print("=== Receive ===")
        print(header)
        print(message)

        print("MsgID: {0}".format(header["message-id"]))
        assert header["message-id"]

        txn = self._transport.transaction_begin()
        print(" 1. Txn: {0}".format(str(txn)))
        if self.crashpoint():
            self._transport.transaction_abort(txn)
            print("---  Abort  ---")
            return

        self._transport.ack(header["message-id"], self.subid, transaction=txn)
        print(" 2. Ack")
        if self.crashpoint():
            self._transport.transaction_abort(txn)
            print("---  Abort  ---")
            return

        self._transport.send("transient.destination", message, transaction=txn)
        print(" 3. Send")

        if self.crashpoint():
            self._transport.transaction_abort(txn)
            print("---  Abort  ---")
            return

        self._transport.transaction_commit(txn)
        print(" 4. Commit")
        print("===  Done   ===")


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
creating and send a unique message for this service.

Response:
def create_message(self):
        """Create and send a unique message for this service."""
        self.counter += 1
        self._transport.send(
            "transient.transaction",
            "TXMessage #%d\n++++++++Produced@ %f"
            % (self.counter, (time.time() % 1000) * 1000),
        )
        self.log.info("Created message %d", self.counter)


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def elapsed(t0=0.0):
    now = time()
    dt = now - t0
    dt_sec = Decimal(str(dt)).quantize(Decimal('.0001'), rounding=ROUND_DOWN)
    if dt_sec <= 1:
        dt_str = str(dt_sec) + ' second'
    else:
        dt_str = str(dt_sec) + ' seconds'
    return now, dt_str

Response: get elapsed time from the give time


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def set_flag(self, value, flag, reset_val=False):
        if not self.__dict__[flag]:
            self.__dict__[flag] = matrix(1.0, (len(self.__dict__[value]), 1),
                                         'd')
        for idx, item in enumerate(self.__dict__[value]):
            if item == 0:
                self.__dict__[flag][idx] = 0
                if reset_val:
                    self.__dict__[value][idx] = 1

Response: Set a flag to 0 if the corresponding value is 0


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def _update_summary(self, system):
        self.basic.update({
            'nbus': system.Bus.n,
            'ngen': system.PV.n + system.SW.n,
            'ngen_on': sum(system.PV.u) + sum(system.SW.u),
            'nload': system.PQ.n,
            'nshunt': system.Shunt.n,
            'nline': system.Line.n,
            'ntransf': system.Line.trasf.count(True),
            'narea': system.Area.n,
        })

Response: Update the summary data for the current set of items.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
update the extended data for the current version of the extended data.

Response:
def _update_extended(self, system):
        """Update the extended data"""
        if self.system.pflow.solved is False:
            logger.warning(
                'Cannot update extended summary. Power flow not solved.')
            return

        Sloss = sum(system.Line.S1 + system.Line.S2)
        self.extended.update({
            'Ptot':
            sum(system.PV.pmax) + sum(system.SW.pmax),  # + sum(system.SW.pmax)
            'Pon':
            sum(mul(system.PV.u, system.PV.pmax)),
            'Pg':
            sum(system.Bus.Pg),
            'Qtot_min':
            sum(system.PV.qmin) + sum(system.SW.qmin),
            'Qtot_max':
            sum(system.PV.qmax) + sum(system.SW.qmax),
            'Qon_min':
            sum(mul(system.PV.u, system.PV.qmin)),
            'Qon_max':
            sum(mul(system.PV.u, system.PV.qmax)),
            'Qg':
            round(sum(system.Bus.Qg), 5),
            'Pl':
            round(sum(system.PQ.p), 5),
            'Ql':
            round(sum(system.PQ.q), 5),
            'Psh':
            0.0,
            'Qsh':
            round(sum(system.PQ.q) - sum(system.Bus.Ql), 5),
            'Ploss':
            round(Sloss.real, 5),
            'Qloss':
            round(Sloss.imag, 5),
            'Pch':
            round(sum(system.Line.Pchg1 + system.Line.Pchg2), 5),
            'Qch':
            round(sum(system.Line.Qchg1 + system.Line.Qchg2), 5),
        })


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
updates the internal state of the object based on the content of the object.

Response:
def update(self, content=None):
        """
        Update values based on the requested content

        Parameters
        ----------
        content

        Returns
        -------

        """
        if not content:
            return
        if content == 'summary' or 'extended' or 'powerflow':
            self._update_summary(self.system)
        if content == 'extended' or 'powerflow':
            self._update_extended(self.system)


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
writing a report to a file.

Response:
def write(self, content=None):
        """
        Write report to file.

        Parameters
        ----------
        content: str
            'summary', 'extended', 'powerflow'

        """
        if self.system.files.no_output is True:
            return

        t, _ = elapsed()

        if not content:
            logger.warning('report content not specified.')
            return

        self.update(content)

        system = self.system
        file = system.files.output
        export = all_formats.get(system.config.export, 'txt')
        module = importlib.import_module('andes.formats.' + export)
        dump_data = getattr(module, 'dump_data')

        text = list()
        header = list()
        rowname = list()
        data = list()

        text.append(self.info)
        header.append(None)
        rowname.append(None)
        data.append(None)

        if content == 'summary' or 'extended' or 'powerflow':
            text.append(['SUMMARY:\n'])
            header.append(None)
            rowname.append(self._basic_name)
            data.append([self.basic[item] for item in self._basic])

        if content == 'extended' or 'powerflow':
            text.append(['EXTENDED SUMMARY:\n'])
            header.append(['P (pu)', 'Q (pu)'])
            rowname.append(
                ['Generation', 'Load', 'Shunt Inj', 'Losses', 'Line Charging'])
            Pcol = [
                self.extended['Pg'],
                self.extended['Pl'],
                self.extended['Psh'],
                self.extended['Ploss'],
                self.extended['Pch'],
            ]

            Qcol = [
                self.extended['Qg'],
                self.extended['Ql'],
                self.extended['Qsh'],
                self.extended['Qloss'],
                self.extended['Qch'],
            ]

            data.append([Pcol, Qcol])

        if content == 'powerflow' and system.pflow.solved:
            idx, name, Vm, Va, Pg, Qg, Pl, Ql = system.get_busdata()
            Va_unit = 'deg' if system.pflow.config.usedegree else 'rad'
            text.append(['BUS DATA:\n'])
            # todo: consider system.pflow.config.units
            header.append([
                'Vm(pu)', 'Va({:s})'.format(Va_unit), 'Pg (pu)', 'Qg (pu)',
                'Pl (pu)', 'Ql (pu)'
            ])
            name = [str(i) + '-' + j[:8] for i, j in zip(idx, name)]
            rowname.append(name)
            data.append([Vm, Va, Pg, Qg, Pl, Ql])

            # Node data
            if hasattr(system, 'Node') and system.Node.n:
                idx, name, V = system.get_nodedata()
                text.append(['NODE DATA:\n'])
                header.append(['V(pu)'])
                rowname.append(name)
                data.append([V])

            # Line data
            name, fr, to, Pfr, Qfr, Pto, Qto, Ploss, Qloss = \
                system.get_linedata()
            text.append(['LINE DATA:\n'])
            header.append([
                'From Bus', 'To Bus', 'P From (pu)', 'Q From (pu)',
                'P To (pu)', 'Q To(pu)', 'P Loss(pu)', 'Q Loss(pu)'
            ])
            rowname.append(name)
            data.append([fr, to, Pfr, Qfr, Pto, Qto, Ploss, Qloss])

            # Additional Algebraic data
            text.append(['OTHER ALGEBRAIC VARIABLES:\n'])
            header.append([''])
            rowname.append(
                system.varname.unamey[2 * system.Bus.n:system.dae.m])
            data.append([round(i, 5) for i in system.dae.y[2 * system.Bus.n:]])

            # Additional State variable data
            if system.dae.n:
                text.append(['OTHER STATE VARIABLES:\n'])
                header.append([''])
                rowname.append(system.varname.unamex[:])
                data.append([round(i, 5) for i in system.dae.x[:]])

        dump_data(text, header, rowname, data, file)

        _, s = elapsed(t)
        logger.info('report written to <{:s}> in {:s}.'.format(system.files.output, s))


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def send(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if not self.transport:
            raise ValueError(
                "This RecipeWrapper object does not contain "
                "a reference to a transport object."
            )

        if not self.recipe_step:
            raise ValueError(
                "This RecipeWrapper object does not contain "
                "a recipe with a selected step."
            )

        if "output" not in self.recipe_step:
            # The current recipe step does not have output channels.
            return

        if isinstance(self.recipe_step["output"], dict):
            # The current recipe step does have named output channels.
            if self.default_channel:
                # Use named output channel
                self.send_to(self.default_channel, *args, **kwargs)

        else:
            # The current recipe step does have unnamed output channels.
            self._send_to_destinations(self.recipe_step["output"], *args, **kwargs)

Response:
Send messages to another service that is connected to the currently
        running service via the recipe.


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
triggering the start of a recipe.

Response:
def start(self, header=None, **kwargs):
        """Trigger the start of a recipe, sending the defined payloads to the
        recipients set in the recipe. Any parameters to this function are
        passed to the transport send/broadcast methods.
        If the wrapped recipe has already been started then a ValueError will
        be raised.
        """
        if not self.transport:
            raise ValueError(
                "This RecipeWrapper object does not contain "
                "a reference to a transport object."
            )

        if self.recipe_step:
            raise ValueError("This recipe has already been started.")

        for destination, payload in self.recipe["start"]:
            self._send_to_destination(destination, header, payload, kwargs)


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def checkpoint(self, message, header=None, delay=0, **kwargs):
        if not self.transport:
            raise ValueError(
                "This RecipeWrapper object does not contain "
                "a reference to a transport object."
            )

        if not self.recipe_step:
            raise ValueError(
                "This RecipeWrapper object does not contain "
                "a recipe with a selected step."
            )

        kwargs["delay"] = delay

        self._send_to_destination(
            self.recipe_pointer, header, message, kwargs, add_path_step=False
        )

Response: Send a message to the current recipe destination.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
generating a full recipe message for the given destination.

Response:
def _generate_full_recipe_message(self, destination, message, add_path_step):
        """Factory function to generate independent message objects for
        downstream recipients with different destinations."""
        if add_path_step and self.recipe_pointer:
            recipe_path = self.recipe_path + [self.recipe_pointer]
        else:
            recipe_path = self.recipe_path

        return {
            "environment": self.environment,
            "payload": message,
            "recipe": self.recipe.recipe,
            "recipe-path": recipe_path,
            "recipe-pointer": destination,
        }


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
send a message to a list of numbered destinations.

Response:
def _send_to_destinations(self, destinations, message, header=None, **kwargs):
        """Send messages to a list of numbered destinations. This is an internal
        helper method used by the public 'send' methods.
        """
        if not isinstance(destinations, list):
            destinations = (destinations,)
        for destination in destinations:
            self._send_to_destination(destination, header, message, kwargs)


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
run when a message event is received AttributeNames

Response:
def on_message(self, event):
        '''Runs when a message event is received

        Args:
            event: RTM API event.

        Returns:
            Legobot.messge
        '''

        metadata = self._parse_metadata(event)
        message = Message(text=metadata['text'],
                          metadata=metadata).__dict__
        if message.get('text'):
            message['text'] = self.find_and_replace_userids(message['text'])
            message['text'] = self.find_and_replace_channel_refs(
                message['text']
            )
        return message


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
extends the run method of threading. Thread

Response:
def run(self):
        '''Extends the run() method of threading.Thread
        '''

        self.connect()
        while True:
            for event in self.slack_client.rtm_read():
                logger.debug(event)
                if 'type' in event and event['type'] in self.supported_events:
                    event_type = event['type']
                    dispatcher = self.supported_events[event_type]
                    message = dispatcher(event)
                    logger.debug(message)
                    self.baseplate.tell(message)
            self.keepalive()
            time.sleep(0.1)
        return


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def find_and_replace_userids(self, text):
        '''Finds occurrences of Slack userids and attempts to replace them with
           display names.

        Args:
            text (string): The message text
        Returns:
            string: The message text with userids replaced.
        '''

        match = True
        pattern = re.compile('<@([A-Z0-9]{9})>')
        while match:
            match = pattern.search(text)
            if match:
                name = self.get_user_display_name(match.group(1))
                text = re.sub(re.compile(match.group(0)), '@' + name, text)

        return text

Response:
Finds occurrences of Slack userids and attempts to replace them with
           display names.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def find_and_replace_channel_refs(self, text):
        '''Find occurrences of Slack channel referenfces and attempts to
           replace them with just channel names.

        Args:
            text (string): The message text
        Returns:
            string: The message text with channel references replaced.
        '''

        match = True
        pattern = re.compile('<#([A-Z0-9]{9})\|([A-Za-z0-9-]+)>')
        while match:
            match = pattern.search(text)
            if match:
                text = text.replace(match.group(0), '#' + match.group(2))

        return text

Response:
Find occurrences of Slack channel referenfces and attempts to
           replace them with just channel names.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
grab all channels in the Slack team

Response:
def get_channels(self, condensed=False):
        '''Grabs all channels in the slack team

        Args:
            condensed (bool): if true triggers list condensing functionality

        Returns:
            dic: Dict of channels in Slack team.
                See also: https://api.slack.com/methods/channels.list
        '''

        channel_list = self.slack_client.api_call('channels.list')
        if not channel_list.get('ok'):
            return None

        if condensed:
            channels = [{'id': item.get('id'), 'name': item.get('name')}
                        for item in channel_list.get('channels')]
            return channels
        else:
            return channel_list