Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def cube(script, size=1.0, center=False, color=None):

    """# Convert size to list if it isn't already
    if not isinstance(size, list):
        size = list(size)
    # If a single value was supplied use it for all 3 axes
    if len(size) == 1:
        size = [size[0], size[0], size[0]]"""
    size = util.make_list(size, 3)
    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA':
        filter_name = 'Box'
    else:
        filter_name = 'Box/Cube'
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="{}">\n'.format(filter_name),
        '    <Param name="size" ',
        'value="1.0" ',
        'description="Scale factor" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Cube', change_layer=True)
    transform.scale(script, value=size)
    # Box is centered on origin at creation
    if not center:
        transform.translate(script, value=[size[0]/2, size[1]/2, size[2]/2])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Create a cube primitive containing a size of size.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def cylinder(script, up='z', height=1.0, radius=None, radius1=None,
             radius2=None, diameter=None, diameter1=None, diameter2=None,
             center=False, cir_segments=32, color=None):
    """Create a cylinder or cone primitive. Usage is based on OpenSCAD.
    # height = height of the cylinder
    # radius1 = radius of the cone on bottom end
    # radius2 = radius of the cone on top end
    # center = If true will center the height of the cone/cylinder around
    # the origin. Default is false, placing the base of the cylinder or radius1
    # radius of cone at the origin.
    #
    cir_segments Number of sides of the polygonal approximation of the cone

    color = specify a color name to apply vertex colors to the newly
    # created mesh
    """
    if radius is not None and diameter is None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = radius
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = radius
    if diameter is not None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = diameter / 2
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = diameter / 2
    if diameter1 is not None:
        radius1 = diameter1 / 2
    if diameter2 is not None:
        radius2 = diameter2 / 2
    if radius1 is None:
        radius1 = 1.0
    if radius2 is None:
        radius2 = radius1

    # Cylinder is created centered with Y up
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Cone">\n',
        '    <Param name="h" ',
        'value="%s" ' % height,
        'description="Height" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="r0" ',
        'value="%s" ' % radius1,
        'description="Radius 1" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="r1" ',
        'value="%s" ' % radius2,
        'description="Radius 2" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="subdiv" ',
        'value="%d" ' % cir_segments,
        'description="Side" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Cone', change_layer=True)
    if not center:
        transform.translate(script, [0, height / 2, 0])
    if up.lower() == 'z':
        transform.rotate(script, axis='x', angle=90)  # rotate to Z up
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Create a cylinder or cone primitive.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
creates an icosphere mesh

Response:
def icosphere(script, radius=1.0, diameter=None, subdivisions=3, color=None):
    """create an icosphere mesh

    radius Radius of the sphere
    # subdivisions = Subdivision level; Number of the recursive subdivision of the
    # surface. Default is 3 (a sphere approximation composed by 1280 faces).
    # Admitted values are in the range 0 (an icosahedron) to 8 (a 1.3 MegaTris
    # approximation of a sphere). Formula for number of faces: F=20*4^subdiv
    # color = specify a color name to apply vertex colors to the newly
    # created mesh"""
    if diameter is not None:
        radius = diameter / 2
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Sphere">\n',
        '    <Param name="radius" ',
        'value="%s" ' % radius,
        'description="Radius" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="subdiv" ',
        'value="%d" ' % subdivisions,
        'description="Subdiv. Level" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Sphere', change_layer=True)
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def sphere_cap(script, angle=1.0, subdivisions=3, color=None):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Sphere Cap">\n',
        '    <Param name="angle" ',
        'value="%s" ' % angle,
        'description="Angle" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="subdiv" ',
        'value="%d" ' % subdivisions,
        'description="Subdiv. Level" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Sphere Cap', change_layer=True)
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: This function creates a new non - empty sphere cap.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def torus(script, major_radius=3.0, minor_radius=1.0, inner_diameter=None,
          outer_diameter=None, major_segments=48, minor_segments=12,
          color=None):
    """Create a torus mesh

    Args:
        major_radius (float, (optional)): radius from the origin to the
            center of the cross sections
        minor_radius (float, (optional)): radius of the torus cross
            section
        inner_diameter (float, (optional)): inner diameter of torus. If
            both inner_diameter and outer_diameter are provided then
            these will override major_radius and minor_radius.,
        outer_diameter (float, (optional)): outer diameter of torus. If
            both inner_diameter and outer_diameter are provided then
            these will override major_radius and minor_radius.
        major_segments (int (optional)): number of segments for the main
            ring of the torus
        minor_segments (int (optional)): number of segments for the minor
            ring of the torus
        color (str (optional)): color name to apply vertex colors to the
            newly created mesh

    Returns:
        None

    """
    if inner_diameter is not None and outer_diameter is not None:
        major_radius = (inner_diameter + outer_diameter) / 4
        minor_radius = major_radius - inner_diameter / 2
        # Ref: inner_diameter = 2 * (major_radius - minor_radius)
        # Ref: outer_diameter = 2 * (major_radius + minor_radius)
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Torus">\n',
        '    <Param name="hRadius" ',
        'value="%s" ' % major_radius,
        'description="Horizontal Radius" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="vRadius" ',
        'value="%s" ' % minor_radius,
        'description="Vertical Radius" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="hSubdiv" ',
        'value="%d" ' % major_segments,
        'description="Horizontal Subdivision" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="vSubdiv" ',
        'value="%d" ' % minor_segments,
        'description="Vertical Subdivision" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Torus', change_layer=True)
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Create a torus mesh from a script.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def grid(script, size=1.0, x_segments=1, y_segments=1, center=False,
         color=None):
    """2D square/plane/grid created on XY plane

    x_segments # Number of segments in the X direction.
    y_segments # Number of segments in the Y direction.
    center="false" # If true square will be centered on origin;
    otherwise it is place in the positive XY quadrant.

    """
    size = util.make_list(size, 2)
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Grid Generator">\n',
        '    <Param name="absScaleX" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(size[0]),
        'description="x scale" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="absScaleY" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(size[1]),
        'description="y scale" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="numVertX" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(x_segments + 1),
        'description="num vertices on x" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="numVertY" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(y_segments + 1),
        'description="num vertices on y" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="center" ',
        'value="false" ',
        'description="centered on origin" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Grid Generator', change_layer=True)

    """This is to work around a bug in MeshLab whereby the Grid Generator does not
    create zero values for z. Ref bug #458: https://sourceforge.net/p/meshlab/bugs/458/"""
    transform.vert_function(script, z_func='rint(z)')

    """Note that the "center" parameter in the mlx script does not actually
    center the square, not sure what it is doing. Instead this is set to false,
    which places the plane in the -X,+Y quadrant, and it is translated to the
    appropriate position after creation.
    """
    if center:
        transform.translate(script, value=[size[0]/2, -size[1]/2, 0])
    else:
        transform.translate(script, value=[size[0], 0, 0])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Generate a 2D square grid.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def annulus(script, radius=None, radius1=None, radius2=None, diameter=None,
            diameter1=None, diameter2=None, cir_segments=32, color=None):
    """Create a 2D (surface) circle or annulus
    radius1=1 # Outer radius of the circle
    radius2=0 # Inner radius of the circle (if non-zero it creates an annulus)
    color="" # specify a color name to apply vertex colors to the newly created mesh

    OpenSCAD: parameters: diameter overrides radius, radius1 & radius2 override radius
    """
    if radius is not None and diameter is None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = radius
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = 0
    if diameter is not None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = diameter / 2
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = 0
    if diameter1 is not None:
        radius1 = diameter1 / 2
    if diameter2 is not None:
        radius2 = diameter2 / 2
    if radius1 is None:
        radius1 = 1
    if radius2 is None:
        radius2 = 0

    # Circle is created centered on the XY plane
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Annulus">\n',
        '    <Param name="externalRadius" ',
        'value="%s" ' % radius1,
        'description="External Radius" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="internalRadius" ',
        'value="%s" ' % radius2,
        'description="Internal Radius" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="sides" ',
        'value="%d" ' % cir_segments,
        'description="Sides" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Annulus', change_layer=True)
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Create an annulus in a 2D mesh.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def cylinder_open_hires(script, height=1.0, radius=1, diameter=None,
                        cir_segments=48, height_segments=1,
                        invert_normals=False, center=False, color=None):
    """ Creates a round open tube, e.g. a cylinder with no top or bottom.

    Useful if you want to wrap it around and join the open ends together, forming a torus.

    invert_normals (bool (optional)): if True normals point outward; in false normals point inward.
    """
    if diameter is not None:
        radius = diameter / 2

    if center:
        z_translate = -height / 2
    else:
        z_translate = 0.0

    grid(script,
         [2 * math.pi * radius, height],
         x_segments=cir_segments,
         y_segments=height_segments)
    transform.rotate(script, 'x', 90)
    transform.translate(script, [math.pi * radius / 2, 0, z_translate])
    if not invert_normals:
        transform.rotate(script, 'z', 180)
    transform.wrap2cylinder(script, radius)
    clean.merge_vert(script, threshold=0.00002)
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Creates a cylinder open tube.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
create a square open tube with the given size.

Response:
def cube_open_hires_old(script, size=1.0, x_segments=1, y_segments=1, z_segments=1,
                    center=False, color=None):
    """ Creates a square open tube, e.g. a box with no top or bottom.

    Useful if you want to wrap it around and join the open ends together, forming a torus.
    """
    """# Convert size to list if it isn't already
    if not isinstance(size, list):
        size = list(size)
    # If a single value was supplied use it for all 3 axes
    if len(size) == 1:
        size = [size[0], size[0], size[0]]"""
    size = util.make_list(size, 3)

    # X sides
    grid(script, [size[0], size[2]],
         x_segments=x_segments,
         y_segments=z_segments)
    transform.rotate(script, 'x', 90)
    #transform.translate(script, [0, 0, -size[2]])
    layers.duplicate(script)
    # Rotate to correct normals
    transform.rotate(script, 'z', 180)
    transform.translate(script, [size[0], size[1], 0])

    # Y sides
    grid(script, [size[2], size[1]],
         x_segments=z_segments,
         y_segments=y_segments)
    transform.rotate(script, 'y', -90)
    #transform.rotate(script, 'z', 90)
    #transform.translate(script, [0, 0, -size[2]])
    layers.duplicate(script)
    # Rotate to correct normals
    transform.rotate(script, 'z', 180)
    transform.translate(script, [size[0], size[1], 0])

    layers.join(script)
    clean.merge_vert(script, threshold=0.00002)
    # normals.fix(script)
    if center:
        transform.translate(script, [-size[0] / 2, -size[1] / 2, -size[2] / 2])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def cube_open_hires(script, size=1.0, x_segments=1, y_segments=1, z_segments=1,
                    center=False, color=None):
    """ Creates a square open tube, e.g. a box with no top or bottom.

    Useful if you want to wrap it around and join the open ends together, forming a torus.
    """
    """# Convert size to list if it isn't already
    if not isinstance(size, list):
        size = list(size)
    # If a single value was supplied use it for all 3 axes
    if len(size) == 1:
        size = [size[0], size[0], size[0]]"""
    size = util.make_list(size, 3)

    # Make big grid and bend
    grid(script, [2*(x_segments + y_segments), z_segments],
         x_segments=2*(x_segments + y_segments),
         y_segments=z_segments)
    transform.rotate(script, 'x', 90)
    # Bend 3 times into a rectangular tube
    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA': # muparser version: 1.3.2
        transform.vert_function(script,
            x_func='if(x>{x_size}, {x_size}, x)'.format(x_size=x_segments),
            y_func='if(x>{x_size}, (x-{x_size}), y)'.format(x_size=x_segments),
            z_func='z')
        transform.vert_function(script,
            x_func='if(y>{y_size}, ({y_size}-y+{x_size}), x)'.format(x_size=x_segments, y_size=y_segments),
            y_func='if(y>{y_size}, {y_size}, y)'.format(y_size=y_segments),
            z_func='z')
        transform.vert_function(script,
            x_func='if(x<0, 0, x)',
            y_func='if(x<0, ({y_size}+x), y)'.format(y_size=y_segments),
            z_func='z')
    else: # muparser version: 2.2.5
        transform.vert_function(script,
            x_func='(x>{x_size} ? {x_size} : x)'.format(x_size=x_segments),
            y_func='(x>{x_size} ? (x-{x_size}) : y)'.format(x_size=x_segments),
            z_func='z')
        transform.vert_function(script,
            x_func='(y>{y_size} ? ({y_size}-y+{x_size}) : x)'.format(x_size=x_segments, y_size=y_segments),
            y_func='(y>{y_size} ? {y_size} : y)'.format(y_size=y_segments),
            z_func='z')
        transform.vert_function(script,
            x_func='(x<0 ? 0 : x)',
            y_func='(x<0 ? ({y_size}+x) : y)'.format(y_size=y_segments),
            z_func='z')
    clean.merge_vert(script, threshold=0.00002)
    transform.scale(script, [size[0]/x_segments, size[1]/y_segments, size[2]/z_segments])
    if center:
        transform.translate(script, [-size[0] / 2, -size[1] / 2, -size[2] / 2])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Creates a square open tube with the given size.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
creates a plane with a specified number of vertices on the sides and no vertices on the interior.

Response:
def plane_hires_edges(script, size=1.0, x_segments=1, y_segments=1,
                      center=False, color=None):
    """ Creates a plane with a specified number of vertices
    on it sides, but no vertices on the interior.

    Currently used to create a simpler bottom for cube_hires.

    """
    size = util.make_list(size, 2)

    grid(script, size=[x_segments + y_segments - 1, 1],
         x_segments=(x_segments + y_segments - 1), y_segments=1)
    if ml_script1.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA':
        and_val = 'and'
    else:
        and_val = '&&'

    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA': # muparser version: 1.3.2
        # Deform left side
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='if((y>0) and (x<%s),0,x)' % (y_segments),
            y_func='if((y>0) and (x<%s),(x+1)*%s,y)' % (
                y_segments, size[1] / y_segments))
        # Deform top
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='if((y>0) and (x>=%s),(x-%s+1)*%s,x)' % (
                y_segments, y_segments, size[0] / x_segments),
            y_func='if((y>0) and (x>=%s),%s,y)' % (y_segments, size[1]))
        # Deform right side
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='if((y<.00001) and (x>%s),%s,x)' % (
                x_segments, size[0]),
            y_func='if((y<.00001) and (x>%s),(x-%s)*%s,y)' % (
                x_segments, x_segments, size[1] / y_segments))
        # Deform bottom
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='if((y<.00001) and (x<=%s) and (x>0),(x)*%s,x)' % (
                x_segments, size[0] / x_segments),
            y_func='if((y<.00001) and (x<=%s) and (x>0),0,y)' % (x_segments))
    else: # muparser version: 2.2.5
        # Deform left side
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='((y>0) && (x<{yseg}) ? 0 : x)'.format(yseg=y_segments),
            y_func='((y>0) && (x<%s) ? (x+1)*%s : y)' % (
                y_segments, size[1] / y_segments))
        # Deform top
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='((y>0) && (x>=%s) ? (x-%s+1)*%s : x)' % (
                y_segments, y_segments, size[0] / x_segments),
            y_func='((y>0) && (x>=%s) ? %s : y)' % (y_segments, size[1]))
        # Deform right side
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='((y<.00001) && (x>%s) ? %s : x)' % (
                x_segments, size[0]),
            y_func='((y<.00001) && (x>%s) ? (x-%s)*%s : y)' % (
                x_segments, x_segments, size[1] / y_segments))
        # Deform bottom
        transform.vert_function(
            script,
            x_func='((y<.00001) && (x<=%s) && (x>0) ? (x)*%s : x)' % (
                x_segments, size[0] / x_segments),
            y_func='((y<.00001) && (x<=%s) && (x>0) ? 0 : y)' % (x_segments))
    if center:
        transform.translate(script, [-size[0] / 2, -size[1] / 2])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def cube_hires(script, size=1.0, x_segments=1, y_segments=1, z_segments=1,
               simple_bottom=True, center=False, color=None):
    """Create a box with user defined number of segments in each direction.

    Grid spacing is the same as its dimensions (spacing = 1) and its
    thickness is one. Intended to be used for e.g. deforming using functions
    or a height map (lithopanes) and can be resized after creation.

    Warnings: function uses layers.join

    top_option
        0 open
        1 full
        2 simple
    bottom_option
        0 open
        1 full
        2 simple
    """
    """# Convert size to list if it isn't already
    if not isinstance(size, list):
        size = list(size)
    # If a single value was supplied use it for all 3 axes
    if len(size) == 1:
        size = [size[0], size[0], size[0]]"""
    size = util.make_list(size, 3)

    # Top
    grid(script,
         size,
         x_segments,
         y_segments)
    transform.translate(script, [0, 0, size[2]])

    # Bottom
    if simple_bottom:
        plane_hires_edges(
            script, size, x_segments, y_segments)
    else:
        layers.duplicate(script)
        transform.translate(script, [0, 0, -size[2]])
    # Rotate to correct normals
    transform.rotate(script, 'x', 180)
    transform.translate(script, [0, size[1], 0])

    # Sides
    cube_open_hires(
        script=script, size=size, x_segments=x_segments,
        y_segments=y_segments, z_segments=z_segments)

    # Join everything together
    layers.join(script)
    # Need some tolerance on merge_vert due to rounding errors
    clean.merge_vert(script, threshold=0.00002)
    if center:
        transform.translate(script, [-size[0] / 2, -size[1] / 2, -size[2] / 2])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Create a new empty tree with the same size as the current one.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def annulus_hires(script, radius=None, radius1=None, radius2=None,
                  diameter=None, diameter1=None, diameter2=None,
                  cir_segments=48, rad_segments=1, color=None):
    """Create a cylinder with user defined number of segments

    """
    if radius is not None and diameter is None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = radius
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = 0
    if diameter is not None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = diameter / 2
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = 0
    if diameter1 is not None:
        radius1 = diameter1 / 2
    if diameter2 is not None:
        radius2 = diameter2 / 2
    if radius1 is None:
        radius1 = 1
    if radius2 is None:
        radius2 = 0
    ring = (radius1 - radius2) / rad_segments

    for i in range(0, rad_segments):
        annulus(script,
                radius1=radius1 - i * ring,
                radius2=radius1 - (i + 1) * ring,
                cir_segments=cir_segments)
    layers.join(script, merge_vert=True)
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None

Response: Create a cylinder with user defined number of segments and a color.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
creates a tube of cylinders with the given height and radius.

Response:
def tube_hires(script, height=1.0, radius=None, radius1=None, radius2=None,
               diameter=None, diameter1=None, diameter2=None, cir_segments=32,
               rad_segments=1, height_segments=1, center=False,
               simple_bottom=False, color=None):
    """Create a cylinder with user defined number of segments

    """

    # TODO: add option to round the top of the cylinder, i.e. deform spherically
    # TODO: add warnings if values are ignored, e.g. if you specify both radius
    # and diameter.
    if radius is not None and diameter is None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = radius
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = 0
    if diameter is not None:
        if radius1 is None and diameter1 is None:
            radius1 = diameter / 2
        if radius2 is None and diameter2 is None:
            radius2 = 0
    if diameter1 is not None:
        radius1 = diameter1 / 2
    if diameter2 is not None:
        radius2 = diameter2 / 2
    if radius1 is None:
        radius1 = 1
    if radius2 is None:
        radius2 = 0

    # Create top
    annulus_hires(script,
                  radius1=radius1,
                  radius2=radius2,
                  cir_segments=cir_segments,
                  rad_segments=rad_segments)
    transform.translate(script, [0, 0, height])

    # Create bottom
    if simple_bottom:
        annulus(script,
                radius1=radius1,
                radius2=radius2,
                cir_segments=cir_segments)
    else:
        layers.duplicate(script)
        transform.translate(script, [0, 0, -height])
    # Rotate to correct normals
    transform.rotate(script, 'x', 180)

    # Create outer tube
    cylinder_open_hires(script, height, radius1,
                        cir_segments=cir_segments,
                        height_segments=height_segments)

    # Create inner tube
    if radius2 != 0:
        cylinder_open_hires(script, height, radius2,
                            cir_segments=cir_segments,
                            height_segments=height_segments,
                            invert_normals=True)

    # Join everything together
    layers.join(script)
    # Need some tolerance on merge_vert due to rounding errors
    clean.merge_vert(script, threshold=0.00002)
    if center:
        transform.translate(script, [0, 0, -height / 2])
    if color is not None:
        vert_color.function(script, color=color)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
reads color_names. txt and find the red green and blue values for a named color.

Response:
def color_values(color):
    """Read color_names.txt and find the red, green, and blue values
        for a named color.
    """
    # Get the directory where this script file is located:
    this_dir = os.path.dirname(
        os.path.realpath(
            inspect.getsourcefile(
                lambda: 0)))
    color_name_file = os.path.join(this_dir, 'color_names.txt')
    found = False
    for line in open(color_name_file, 'r'):
        line = line.rstrip()
        if color.lower() == line.split()[0]:
            #hex_color = line.split()[1]
            red = line.split()[2]
            green = line.split()[3]
            blue = line.split()[4]
            found = True
            break
    if not found:
        print('Color name "%s" not found, using default (white)' % color)
        red = 255
        green = 255
        blue = 255
    return red, green, blue


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def check_list(var, num_terms):
    if not isinstance(var, list):
        if isinstance(var, tuple):
            var = list(var)
        else:
            var = [var]
        for _ in range(1, num_terms):
            var.append(var[0])
    if len(var) != num_terms:
        print(
            '"%s" has the wrong number of terms; it needs %s. Exiting ...' %
            (var, num_terms))
        sys.exit(1)
    return var

Response: Check if a variable is a list and is the correct length.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
makes a variable a list if it is not already a list

Response:
def make_list(var, num_terms=1):
    """ Make a variable a list if it is not already

    If variable is not a list it will make it a list of the correct length with
    all terms identical.
    """
    if not isinstance(var, list):
        if isinstance(var, tuple):
            var = list(var)
        else:
            var = [var]
    #if len(var) == 1:
            for _ in range(1, num_terms):
                var.append(var[0])
    return var


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def write_filter(script, filter_xml):
    if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
        script.filters.append(filter_xml)
    elif isinstance(script, str):
        script_file = open(script, 'a')
        script_file.write(filter_xml)
        script_file.close()
    else:
        print(filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Writes a filter to the specified filter script or file.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def merge_vert(script, threshold=0.0):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Merge Close Vertices">\n',
        '    <Param name="Threshold" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(threshold),
        'description="Merging distance" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="1" ',
        'type="RichAbsPerc" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function takes a filter script and writes it to the filter file.


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def close_holes(script, hole_max_edge=30, selected=False,
                sel_new_face=True, self_intersection=True):
    """ Close holes smaller than a given threshold

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        hole_max_edge (int): The size is expressed as number of edges composing
            the hole boundary.
        selected (bool): Only the holes with at least one of the boundary faces
            selected are closed.
        sel_new_face (bool): After closing a hole the faces that have been
            created are left selected. Any previous selection is lost. Useful
            for example for smoothing or subdividing the newly created holes.
        self_intersection (bool): When closing an holes it tries to prevent the
            creation of faces that intersect faces adjacent to the boundary of
            the hole. It is an heuristic, non intersecting hole filling can be
            NP-complete.

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Close Holes">\n',
        '    <Param name="maxholesize" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(hole_max_edge),
        'description="Max size to be closed" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="Selected" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(selected).lower()),
        'description="Close holes with selected faces" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="NewFaceSelected" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(sel_new_face).lower()),
        'description="Select the newly created faces" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="SelfIntersection" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(self_intersection).lower()),
        'description="Prevent creation of selfIntersecting faces" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function returns a filter that closes holes smaller than a given threshold.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def split_vert_on_nonmanifold_face(script, vert_displacement_ratio=0.0):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Split Vertexes Incident on Non Manifold Faces">\n',
        '    <Param name="VertDispRatio" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(vert_displacement_ratio),
        'description="Vertex Displacement Ratio" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Splits a vertex on a non - manifold face.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def snap_mismatched_borders(script, edge_dist_ratio=0.01, unify_vert=True):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Snap Mismatched Borders">\n',
        '    <Param name="EdgeDistRatio" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(edge_dist_ratio),
        'description="Edge Distance Ratio" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="UnifyVertices" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(unify_vert).lower()),
        'description="UnifyVertices" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Try to snap together adjacent borders that are slightly mismatched.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def translate(script, value=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)):
    # Convert value to list if it isn't already
    if not isinstance(value, list):
        value = list(value)
    vert_function(script,
             x_func='x+(%s)' % value[0],
             y_func='y+(%s)' % value[1],
             z_func='z+(%s)' % value[2])
    return None

Response:
An alternative translate implementation that uses a geometric function.
    This is more accurate than the built - in version.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def rotate(script, axis='z', angle=0.0):
    angle = math.radians(angle)
    if axis.lower() == 'x':
        vert_function(script,
                 x_func='x',
                 y_func='y*cos({angle})-z*sin({angle})'.format(angle=angle),
                 z_func='y*sin({angle})+z*cos({angle})'.format(angle=angle))
    elif axis.lower() == 'y':
        vert_function(script,
                 x_func='z*sin({angle})+x*cos({angle})'.format(angle=angle),
                 y_func='y',
                 z_func='z*cos({angle})-x*sin({angle})'.format(angle=angle))
    elif axis.lower() == 'z':
        vert_function(script,
                 x_func='x*cos({angle})-y*sin({angle})'.format(angle=angle),
                 y_func='x*sin({angle})+y*cos({angle})'.format(angle=angle),
                 z_func='z')
    else:
        print('Axis name is not valid; exiting ...')
        sys.exit(1)
    return None

Response:
An alternative rotate implementation that uses a geometric function.
    This is more accurate than the built - in version.


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
freezes the current transformation matrix into the coordinates of the vertices of the mesh and set it to the identity.

Response:
def freeze_matrix(script, all_layers=False):
    """ Freeze the current transformation matrix into the coordinates of the
        vertices of the mesh (and set this matrix to the identity).

    In other words it applies in a definitive way the current matrix to the
    vertex coordinates.

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        all_layers (bool): If selected the filter will be applied to all
            visible mesh layers.

    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Freeze Current Matrix">\n',
        '    <Param name="allLayers" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(all_layers).lower(),
        'description="Apply to all visible Layers" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def function(script, x_func='x', y_func='y', z_func='z'):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Geometric Function">\n',
        '    <Param name="x" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(x_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
        'description="func x = " ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="y" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(y_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
        'description="func y = " ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="z" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(z_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
        'description="func z = " ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Generate new Coordinates for a single vertex using muparser lib


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def vert_function(script, x_func='x', y_func='y', z_func='z', selected=False):
    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA':
        filter_xml = ''.join([
            '  <filter name="Geometric Function">\n',
            '    <Param name="x" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(x_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
            'description="func x = " ',
            'type="RichString" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="y" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(y_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
            'description="func y = " ',
            'type="RichString" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="z" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(z_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
            'description="func z = " ',
            'type="RichString" ',
            '/>\n',
            '  </filter>\n'])
    else:
        filter_xml = ''.join([
            '  <filter name="Per Vertex Geometric Function">\n',
            '    <Param name="x" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(x_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
            'description="func x = " ',
            'type="RichString" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="y" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(y_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
            'description="func y = " ',
            'type="RichString" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="z" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(z_func).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
            'description="func z = " ',
            'type="RichString" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="onselected" ',
            'value="%s" ' % str(selected).lower(),
            'description="only on selection" ',
            'type="RichBool" ',
            '/>\n',
            '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Generate a new vertex function using muparser lib


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def radial_flare(script, flare_radius=None, start_radius=None, end_radius=None,
                 end_height=None):
    """
    flare_radius must be >= z2 (height)
    r2 max = flare_radius + r

    r2 (num): radius of mesh at end of flare

    +15 r= 8.8205
    -15 r= 1.1795

    z=10, 5 +/-15 - +/-15*0.74535599249992989880305788957709
    """
    # TODO: set radius limit, make it so flare continues to expand linearly after radius limit
    # if(r<=radius_limit, flare, factor*z+constant
    # TODO: add option to specify radius at height instead of radius
    effective_radius = '(flare_radius) + (start_radius) - (r)'

    r_func = 'if(z>0, (flare_radius) + (start_radius) - (effective_radius)*cos(z/(flare_radius)), (r))'
    z_func = 'if(z>0, (effective_radius)*sin(z/(flare_radius)), z)'

    r_func = r_func.replace('effective_radius', str(effective_radius)).replace('start_radius', str(start_radius)).replace('flare_radius', str(flare_radius))
    z_func = z_func.replace('effective_radius', str(effective_radius)).replace('start_radius', str(start_radius)).replace('flare_radius', str(flare_radius))

    function_cyl_co(script=script, r_func=r_func, z_func=z_func)
    return None

Response: Function to expand a radial flare.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def curl_rim(script, curl_radius=None, start_radius=None, end_radius=None,
             end_height=None):
    """
    flare_radius must be >= z2 (height)
    r2 max = flare_radius + r

    r2 (num): radius of mesh at end of flare

    +15 r= 8.8205
    -15 r= 1.1795

    z=10, 5 +/-15 - +/-15*0.74535599249992989880305788957709
    """
    # TODO: set radius limit, make it so flare continues to expand linearly after radius limit
    # if(r<=radius_limit, flare, factor*z+constant
    # TODO: add option to specify radius at height instead of radius
    effective_radius = '(curl_radius) - z'

    r_func = 'if((r)>(start_radius), (start_radius) + (effective_radius)*sin(((r)-(start_radius))/(curl_radius)), (r))'
    z_func = 'if((r)>(start_radius), (curl_radius) - (effective_radius)*cos(((r)-(start_radius))/(curl_radius)), z)'

    r_func = r_func.replace('effective_radius', str(effective_radius)).replace('start_radius', str(start_radius)).replace('curl_radius', str(curl_radius))
    z_func = z_func.replace('effective_radius', str(effective_radius)).replace('start_radius', str(start_radius)).replace('curl_radius', str(curl_radius))

    function_cyl_co(script=script, r_func=r_func, z_func=z_func)
    return None

Response: Function to expand a cylindrical cylinder.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
wrap a script around a cylinder.

Response:
def wrap2cylinder(script, radius=1, pitch=0, taper=0, pitch_func=None,
                  taper_func=None):
    """Deform mesh around cylinder of radius and axis z

    y = 0 will be on the surface of radius "radius"
    pitch != 0 will create a helix, with distance "pitch" traveled in z for each rotation
    taper = change in r over z. E.g. a value of 0.5 will shrink r by 0.5 for every z length of 1

    """
    """vert_function(s=s, x='(%s+y-taper)*sin(x/(%s+y))' % (radius, radius),
                     y='(%s+y)*cos(x/(%s+y))' % (radius, radius),
                     z='z-%s*x/(2*%s*(%s+y))' % (pitch, pi, radius))"""
    if pitch_func is None:
        pitch_func = '-(pitch)*x/(2*pi*(radius))'
    pitch_func = pitch_func.replace(
        'pitch', str(pitch)).replace(
            'pi', str(math.pi)).replace(
                'radius', str(radius))
    if taper_func is None:
        taper_func = '-(taper)*(pitch_func)'
    taper_func = taper_func.replace(
        'taper', str(taper)).replace(
            'pitch_func', str(pitch_func)).replace(
                'pi', str(math.pi))

    x_func = '(y+(radius)+(taper_func))*sin(x/(radius))'.replace(
        'radius', str(radius)).replace('taper_func', str(taper_func))
    y_func = '(y+(radius)+(taper_func))*cos(x/(radius))'.replace(
        'radius', str(radius)).replace('taper_func', str(taper_func))
    z_func = 'z+(pitch_func)'.replace('pitch_func', str(pitch_func))

    vert_function(script, x_func, y_func, z_func)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def bend(script, radius=1, pitch=0, taper=0, angle=0, straght_start=True,
         straght_end=False, radius_limit=None, outside_limit_end=True):
    """Bends mesh around cylinder of radius radius and axis z to a certain angle

    straight_ends: Only apply twist (pitch) over the area that is bent

    outside_limit_end (bool): should values outside of the bend radius_limit be considered part
        of the end (True) or the start (False)?
    """
    if radius_limit is None:
        radius_limit = 2 * radius
    # TODO: add limit so bend only applies over y<2*radius; add option to set
    # larger limit
    angle = math.radians(angle)
    segment = radius * angle
    """vert_function(s=s, x='if(x<%s and x>-%s, (%s+y)*sin(x/%s), (%s+y)*sin(%s/%s)+(x-%s)*cos(%s/%s))'
                        % (segment, segment,  radius, radius,  radius, segment, radius, segment, segment, radius),
                     y='if(x<%s*%s/2 and x>-%s*%s/2, (%s+y)*cos(x/%s), (%s+y)*cos(%s)-(x-%s*%s)*sin(%s))'
                        % (radius, angle, radius, angle, radius, radius, radius, angle/2, radius, angle/2, angle/2),"""
    pitch_func = '-(pitch)*x/(2*pi*(radius))'.replace(
        'pitch', str(pitch)).replace(
            'pi', str(math.pi)).replace(
                'radius', str(radius))
    taper_func = '(taper)*(pitch_func)'.replace(
        'taper', str(taper)).replace(
            'pitch_func', str(pitch_func)).replace(
                'pi', str(math.pi))
    # y<radius_limit

    if outside_limit_end:
        x_func = 'if(x<(segment) and y<(radius_limit), if(x>0, (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*sin(x/(radius)), x), (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*sin(angle)+(x-(segment))*cos(angle))'
    else:
        x_func = 'if(x<(segment), if(x>0 and y<(radius_limit), (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*sin(x/(radius)), x), if(y<(radius_limit), (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*sin(angle)+(x-(segment))*cos(angle), x))'

    x_func = x_func.replace(
        # x_func = 'if(x<segment, if(x>0, (y+radius)*sin(x/radius), x),
        # (y+radius)*sin(angle)-segment)'.replace(
        'segment', str(segment)).replace(
            'radius_limit', str(radius_limit)).replace(
                'radius', str(radius)).replace(
                    'taper_func', str(taper_func)).replace(
                        'angle', str(angle))

    if outside_limit_end:
        y_func = 'if(x<(segment) and y<(radius_limit), if(x>0, (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*cos(x/(radius))-(radius), y), (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*cos(angle)-(x-(segment))*sin(angle)-(radius))'
    else:
        y_func = 'if(x<(segment), if(x>0 and y<(radius_limit), (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*cos(x/(radius))-(radius), y), if(y<(radius_limit), (y+(radius)+(taper_func))*cos(angle)-(x-(segment))*sin(angle)-(radius), y))'

    y_func = y_func.replace(
        'segment', str(segment)).replace(
            'radius_limit', str(radius_limit)).replace(
                'radius', str(radius)).replace(
                    'taper_func', str(taper_func)).replace(
                        'angle', str(angle))

    if straght_start:
        start = 'z'
    else:
        start = 'z+(pitch_func)'
    if straght_end:
        end = 'z-(pitch)*(angle)/(2*pi)'
    else:
        end = 'z+(pitch_func)'

    if outside_limit_end:
        z_func = 'if(x<(segment) and y<(radius_limit), if(x>0, z+(pitch_func), (start)), (end))'
    else:
        z_func = 'if(x<(segment), if(x>0 and y<(radius_limit), z+(pitch_func), (start)), if(y<(radius_limit), (end), z))'
    z_func = z_func.replace(
        'start', str(start)).replace(
            'end', str(end)).replace(
                'segment', str(segment)).replace(
                    'radius_limit', str(radius_limit)).replace(
                        'radius', str(radius)).replace(
                            'angle', str(angle)).replace(
                                'pitch_func', str(pitch_func)).replace(
                                    'pitch', str(pitch)).replace(
                                        'pi', str(math.pi))

    """
    if straight_ends:
        z_func = 'if(x<segment, if(x>0, z+(pitch_func), z), z-pitch*angle/(2*pi))'.replace(
            'segment', str(segment)).replace(
            'radius', str(radius)).replace(
            'angle', str(angle)).replace(
            'pitch_func', str(pitch_func)).replace(
            'pitch', str(pitch)).replace(
            'pi', str(math.pi))
    else:
        #z_func = 'if(x<segment, z+(pitch_func), z-(taper)*(pitch)*(x)/(2*pi*(radius)))'.replace(
        #z_func = 'if(x<segment, z+(pitch_func), z+(pitch_func))'.replace(
        #bestz_func = 'if(x<segment, z+(pitch_func), z+(pitch_func)+(-(taper)*(pitch)*(x-segment)/(2*pi*(radius))))'.replace(
        #z_func = 'if(x<segment, z+(pitch_func), z+(pitch_func)+(-(taper)*(pitch)*x/(2*pi*(radius))))'.replace(
        #z_func = 'if(x<segment, z+(pitch_func), z+(pitch_func)+((taper)*pitch*angle/(2*pi)))'.replace(
        z_func = 'z+(pitch_func)'.replace(
            'radius', str(radius)).replace(
            'segment', str(segment)).replace(
            'angle', str(angle)).replace(
            'taper', str(taper)).replace(
            'pitch_func', str(pitch_func)).replace(
            'pitch', str(pitch)).replace(
            'pi', str(math.pi))
    """
    """
    x_func = 'if(x<%s, if(x>-%s, (%s+y)*sin(x/%s), (%s+y)*sin(-%s)+(x+%s)*cos(-%s)), (%s+y)*sin(%s)+(x-%s)*cos(%s))' % (
        segment, segment, radius, radius, radius, angle, segment, angle, radius, angle, segment, angle)
    y_func = 'if(x<%s, if(x>-%s, (%s+y)*cos(x/%s), (%s+y)*cos(-%s)-(x+%s)*sin(-%s)), (%s+y)*cos(%s)-(x-%s)*sin(%s))' % (
        segment, segment, radius, radius, radius, angle, segment, angle, radius, angle, segment, angle)
    if straight_ends:
        z_func = 'if(x<%s, if(x>-%s, z-%s*x/(2*%s*%s), z+%s*%s/(2*%s)), z-%s*%s/(2*%s))' % (
            segment, segment, pitch, math.pi, radius, pitch, angle, math.pi, pitch, angle, math.pi)
    else:
        z_func = 'z-%s*x/(2*%s*%s)' % (pitch, math.pi, radius)
    """
    vert_function(script, x_func=x_func, y_func=y_func, z_func=z_func)
    return None

Response: Bends a script around a certain cylinder of radius and axis z.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def deform2curve(script, curve=mp_func.torus_knot('t'), step=0.001):
    curve_step = []
    for idx, val in enumerate(curve):
        curve[idx] = val.replace('t', 'z')
        curve_step.append(val.replace('t', 'z+{}'.format(step)))

    tangent = mp_func.v_subtract(curve_step, curve)
    normal1 = mp_func.v_add(curve_step, curve)
    bee = mp_func.v_cross(tangent, normal1)
    normal = mp_func.v_cross(bee, tangent)
    bee = mp_func.v_normalize(bee)
    normal = mp_func.v_normalize(normal)

    new_point = mp_func.v_add(mp_func.v_multiply('x', normal), mp_func.v_multiply('y', bee))
    function = mp_func.v_add(curve, new_point)

    vert_function(script, x_func=function[0], y_func=function[1], z_func=function[2])
    return function

Response: Deform a mesh along a parametric curve function


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def vc2tex(script, tex_name='TEMP3D_texture.png', tex_width=1024,
           tex_height=1024, overwrite_tex=False, assign_tex=False,
           fill_tex=True):
    """Transfer vertex colors to texture colors

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        tex_name (str): The texture file to be created
        tex_width (int): The texture width
        tex_height (int): The texture height
        overwrite_tex (bool): If current mesh has a texture will be overwritten (with provided texture dimension)
        assign_tex (bool): Assign the newly created texture
        fill_tex (bool): If enabled the unmapped texture space is colored using a pull push filling algorithm, if false is set to black
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Vertex Color to Texture">\n',
        '    <Param name="textName" ',
        'value="%s" ' % tex_name,
        'description="Texture file" ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="textW" ',
        'value="%d" ' % tex_width,
        'description="Texture width (px)" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="textH" ',
        'value="%d" ' % tex_height,
        'description="Texture height (px)" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="overwrite" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(overwrite_tex).lower(),
        'description="Overwrite texture" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="assign" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(assign_tex).lower(),
        'description="Assign Texture" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="pullpush" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(fill_tex).lower(),
        'description="Fill texture" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function creates a filter that transfers vertex colors to texture colors.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
transfers mesh colors to face colors

Response:
def mesh2fc(script, all_visible_layers=False):
    """Transfer mesh colors to face colors

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        all_visible_layers (bool): If true the color mapping is applied to all the meshes
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Transfer Color: Mesh to Face">\n',
        '    <Param name="allVisibleMesh" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(all_visible_layers).lower(),
        'description="Apply to all Meshes" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def vert_attr_2_meshes(script, source_mesh=0, target_mesh=1,
                             geometry=False, normal=False, color=True,
                             quality=False, selection=False,
                             quality_distance=False, max_distance=0.5):
    """Vertex Attribute Transfer (between 2 meshes)

    Transfer the chosen per-vertex attributes from one mesh to another. Useful to transfer attributes to different representations of the same object. For each vertex of the target mesh the closest point (not vertex!) on the source mesh is computed, and the requested interpolated attributes from that source point are copied into the target vertex.

    The algorithm assumes that the two meshes are reasonably similar and aligned.

    UpperBound: absolute value (not percentage)

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        source_mesh (int): The mesh that contains the source data that we want to transfer
        target_mesh (int): The mesh whose vertexes will receive the data from the source
        geometry (bool): If enabled, the position of each vertex of the target mesh will be snapped onto the corresponding closest point on the source mesh
        normal (bool): If enabled, the normal of each vertex of the target mesh will get the (interpolated) normal of the corresponding closest point on the source mesh
        color (bool): If enabled, the color of each vertex of the target mesh will become the color of the corresponding closest point on the source mesh
        quality (bool): If enabled, the quality of each vertex of the target mesh will become the quality of the corresponding closest point on the source mesh
        selection (bool): If enabled, each vertex of the target mesh will be selected if the corresponding closest point on the source mesh falls in a selected face
        quality_distance (bool): If enabled, we store the distance of the transferred value as in the vertex quality
        max_distance (float): Sample points for which we do not find anything within this distance are rejected and not considered for recovering attributes

    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Vertex Attribute Transfer">\n',
        '    <Param name="SourceMesh" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(source_mesh),
        'description="Source Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="TargetMesh" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(target_mesh),
        'description="Target Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="GeomTransfer" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(geometry).lower()),
        'description="Transfer Geometry" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="NormalTransfer" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(normal).lower()),
        'description="Transfer Normal" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="ColorTransfer" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(color).lower()),
        'description="Transfer Color" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="QualityTransfer" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(quality).lower()),
        'description="Transfer quality" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="SelectionTransfer" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(selection).lower()),
        'description="Transfer Selection" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="QualityDistance" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(quality_distance).lower()),
        'description="Store dist. as quality" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="UpperBound" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(max_distance),
        'description="Max Dist Search" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="100" ',
        'type="RichAbsPerc" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function takes a filter script object or filename and returns a list of vertices that can be transferred to the target mesh.


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
transfers Vertex Attributes to Texture (between 2 meshes) Args: script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write the filter to. source_mesh (int): The mesh that contains the source data that we want to transfer target_mesh (int): The mesh whose texture will be filled according to source mesh data attribute (int): Choose what attribute has to be transferred onto the target texture. You can choose between Per vertex attributes (color, normal, quality) or to transfer color information from source mesh texture max_distance (float): Sample points for which we do not find anything within this distance are rejected and not considered for recovering data tex_name (str): The texture file to be created tex_width (int): The texture width tex_height (int): The texture height overwrite_tex (bool): If target mesh has a texture will be overwritten (with provided texture dimension) assign_tex (bool): Assign the newly created texture to target mesh fill_tex (bool): If enabled the unmapped texture space is colored using a pull push filling algorithm, if false is set to black Layer stack: No impacts MeshLab versions: 2016.12 1.3.4BETA

Response:
def vert_attr2tex_2_meshes(script, source_mesh=0, target_mesh=1, attribute=0,
                           max_distance=0.5, tex_name='TEMP3D_texture.png',
                           tex_width=1024, tex_height=1024,
                           overwrite_tex=True, assign_tex=False,
                           fill_tex=True):
    """Transfer Vertex Attributes to Texture (between 2 meshes)

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        source_mesh (int): The mesh that contains the source data that we want to transfer
        target_mesh (int): The mesh whose texture will be filled according to source mesh data
        attribute (int): Choose what attribute has to be transferred onto the target texture. You can choose between Per vertex attributes (color, normal, quality) or to transfer color information from source mesh texture
        max_distance (float): Sample points for which we do not find anything within this distance are rejected and not considered for recovering data
        tex_name (str): The texture file to be created
        tex_width (int): The texture width
        tex_height (int): The texture height
        overwrite_tex (bool): If target mesh has a texture will be overwritten (with provided texture dimension)
        assign_tex (bool): Assign the newly created texture to target mesh
        fill_tex (bool): If enabled the unmapped texture space is colored using a pull push filling algorithm, if false is set to black

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA':
        filter_name = 'Transfer Vertex Attributes to Texture (between 2 meshes)'
    else:
        filter_name = 'Transfer: Vertex Attributes to Texture (1 or 2 meshes)'
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="{}">\n'.format(filter_name),
        '    <Param name="sourceMesh" ',
        'value="%d" ' % source_mesh,
        'description="Source Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="targetMesh" ',
        'value="%d" ' % target_mesh,
        'description="Target Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="AttributeEnum" ',
        'value="%d" ' % attribute,
        'description="Color Data Source" ',
        'enum_val0="Vertex Color" ',
        'enum_val1="Vertex Normal" ',
        'enum_val2="Vertex Quality" ',
        'enum_val3="Texture Color" ',
        'enum_cardinality="4" ',
        'type="RichEnum" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="upperBound" ',
        'value="%s" ' % max_distance,
        'description="Max Dist Search" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="100" ',
        'type="RichAbsPerc" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="textName" ',
        'value="%s" ' % tex_name,
        'description="Texture file" ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="textW" ',
        'value="%d" ' % tex_width,
        'description="Texture width (px)" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="textH" ',
        'value="%d" ' % tex_height,
        'description="Texture height (px)" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="overwrite" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(overwrite_tex).lower(),
        'description="Overwrite Target Mesh Texture" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="assign" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(assign_tex).lower(),
        'description="Assign Texture" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="pullpush" ',
        'value="%s" ' % str(fill_tex).lower(),
        'description="Fill texture" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def tex2vc_2_meshes(script, source_mesh=0, target_mesh=1, max_distance=0.5):
    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA':
        filter_name = 'Texture to Vertex Color (between 2 meshes)'
    else:
        filter_name = 'Transfer: Texture to Vertex Color (1 or 2 meshes)'
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="{}">\n'.format(filter_name),
        '    <Param name="sourceMesh" ',
        'value="%d" ' % source_mesh,
        'description="Source Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="targetMesh" ',
        'value="%d" ' % target_mesh,
        'description="Target Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="upperBound" ',
        'value="%s" ' % max_distance,
        'description="Max Dist Search" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="100" ',
        'type="RichAbsPerc" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function writes a filter to the filter file that can be used to transfer texture colors to vertex colors between 2 meshes.


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
simplify a UV - based edge - collapse strategy.

Response:
def simplify(script, texture=True, faces=25000, target_perc=0.0,
             quality_thr=0.3, preserve_boundary=False, boundary_weight=1.0,
             optimal_placement=True, preserve_normal=False,
             planar_quadric=False, selected=False, extra_tex_coord_weight=1.0,
             preserve_topology=True, quality_weight=False, autoclean=True):
    """ Simplify a mesh using a Quadric based Edge Collapse Strategy, better
        than clustering but slower. Optionally tries to preserve UV
        parametrization for textured meshes.

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        texture (bool):
        faces (int): The desired final number of faces
        target_perc (float): If non zero, this parameter specifies the desired
            final size of the mesh as a percentage of the initial mesh size.
        quality_thr (float): Quality threshold for penalizing bad shaped faces.
            The value is in the range [0..1]0 accept any kind of face (no
            penalties), 0.5 penalize faces with quality less than 0.5,
            proportionally to their shape.
        preserve_boundary (bool): The simplification process tries not to
            affect mesh boundaries
        boundary_weight (float): The importance of the boundary during
            simplification. Default (1.0) means that the boundary has the same
            importance of the rest. Values greater than 1.0 raise boundary
            importance and has the effect of removing less vertices on the
            border. Admitted range of values (0,+inf).
        optimal_placement (bool): Each collapsed vertex is placed in the
            position minimizing the quadric error. It can fail (creating bad
            spikes) in case of very flat areas. If disabled edges are collapsed
            onto one of the two original vertices and the final mesh is
            composed by a subset of the original vertices.
        preserve_normal (bool): Try to avoid face flipping effects and try to
            preserve the original orientation of the surface.
        planar_quadric (bool): Add additional simplification constraints that
            improves the quality of the simplification of the planar portion of
            the mesh.
        selected (bool): The simplification is applied only to the selected set
            of faces. Take care of the target number of faces!
        extra_tex_coord_weight (float): Additional weight for each extra
            Texture Coordinates for every (selected) vertex. Ignored if texture
            is False.
        preserve_topology (bool): Avoid all the collapses that should cause a
            topology change in the mesh (like closing holes, squeezing handles,
            etc). If checked the genus of the mesh should stay unchanged.
        quality_weight (bool): Use the Per-Vertex quality as a weighting factor
            for the simplification. The weight is used as a error amplification
            value, so a vertex with a high quality value will not be simplified
            and a portion of the mesh with low quality values will be
            aggressively simplified.
        autoclean (bool): After the simplification an additional set of steps
            is performed to clean the mesh (unreferenced vertices, bad faces,
            etc).

    Layer stack:
        Unchanged; current mesh is simplified in place.

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12 (different filter name)
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    if texture:
        if isinstance(script, FilterScript) and (script.ml_version == '2016.12'):
            filter_xml = '  <filter name="Simplification: Quadric Edge Collapse Decimation (with texture)">\n'
        else:
            filter_xml = '  <filter name="Quadric Edge Collapse Decimation (with texture)">\n'
    else:
        if isinstance(script, FilterScript) and (script.ml_version == '2016.12'):
            filter_xml = '  <filter name="Simplification: Quadric Edge Collapse Decimation">\n'
        else:
            filter_xml = '  <filter name="Quadric Edge Collapse Decimation">\n'
    # Parameters common to both 'with' and 'without texture'
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        filter_xml,
        '    <Param name="TargetFaceNum" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(faces),
        'description="Target number of faces" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="TargetPerc" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(target_perc),
        'description="Percentage reduction (0..1)" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="QualityThr" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(quality_thr),
        'description="Quality threshold" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="PreserveBoundary" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(preserve_boundary).lower()),
        'description="Preserve Boundary of the mesh" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="BoundaryWeight" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(boundary_weight),
        'description="Boundary Preserving Weight" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="OptimalPlacement" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(optimal_placement).lower()),
        'description="Optimal position of simplified vertices" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="PreserveNormal" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(preserve_normal).lower()),
        'description="Preserve Normal" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="PlanarQuadric" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(planar_quadric).lower()),
        'description="Planar Simplification" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="Selected" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(selected).lower()),
        'description="Simplify only selected faces" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n'])
    if texture:  # Parameters unique to 'with texture'
        filter_xml = ''.join([
            filter_xml,
            '    <Param name="Extratcoordw" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(extra_tex_coord_weight),
            'description="Texture Weight" ',
            'type="RichFloat" ',
            '/>\n'])
    else:  # Parameters unique to 'without texture'
        filter_xml = ''.join([
            filter_xml,
            '    <Param name="PreserveTopology" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(preserve_topology).lower()),
            'description="Preserve Topology" ',
            'type="RichBool" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="QualityWeight" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(quality_weight).lower()),
            'description="Weighted Simplification" ',
            'type="RichBool" ',
            '/>\n',
            '    <Param name="AutoClean" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(autoclean).lower()),
            'description="Post-simplification cleaning" ',
            'type="RichBool" ',
            '/>\n'])
    filter_xml = ''.join([filter_xml, '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
creates a new mesh that is a resampled version of the current one.

Response:
def uniform_resampling(script, voxel=1.0, offset=0.0, merge_vert=True,
                       discretize=False, multisample=False, thicken=False):
    """ Create a new mesh that is a resampled version of the current one.

    The resampling is done by building a uniform volumetric representation
    where each voxel contains the signed distance from the original surface.
    The resampled surface is reconstructed using the marching cube algorithm
    over this volume.

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        voxel (float): voxel (cell) size for resampling. Smaller cells give
            better precision at a higher computational cost. Remember that
            halving the cell size means that you build a volume 8 times larger.
        offset (float): offset amount of the created surface (i.e. distance of
            the created surface from the original one). If offset is zero, the
            created surface passes on the original mesh itself. Values greater
            than zero mean an external surface (offset), and lower than zero
            mean an internal surface (inset). In practice this value is the
            threshold passed to the Marching Cube algorithm to extract the
            isosurface from the distance field representation.
        merge_vert (bool): if True the mesh generated by MC will be cleaned by
            unifying vertices that are almost coincident.
        discretize (bool): if True the position of the intersected edge of the
            marching cube grid is not computed by linear interpolation, but it
            is placed in fixed middle position. As a consequence the resampled
            object will look severely aliased by a stairstep appearance. Useful
            only for simulating the output of 3D printing devices.
        multisample (bool): if True the distance field is more accurately
            compute by multisampling the volume (7 sample for each voxel). Much
            slower but less artifacts.
        thicken (bool): if True, you have to choose a non zero Offset and a
            double surface is built around the original surface, inside and
            outside. Is useful to convert thin floating surfaces into solid,
            thick meshes.

    Layer stack:
        Creates 1 new layer 'Offset mesh'
        Current layer is changed to new layer

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Uniform Mesh Resampling">\n',
        '    <Param name="CellSize" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(voxel),
        'description="Precision" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="100" ',
        'type="RichAbsPerc" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="Offset" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(offset),
        'description="Offset" ',
        'min="-100" ',
        'max="100" ',
        'type="RichAbsPerc" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="mergeCloseVert" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(merge_vert).lower()),
        'description="Clean Vertices" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="discretize" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(discretize).lower()),
        'description="Discretize" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="multisample" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(multisample).lower()),
        'description="Multisample" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="absDist" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(thicken).lower()),
        'description="Absolute Distance" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Offset mesh')
    return None


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
calculate the convex hull of a set of points.

Response:
def hull(script, reorient_normal=True):
    """ Calculate the convex hull with Qhull library
        http://www.qhull.org/html/qconvex.htm

    The convex hull of a set of points is the boundary of the minimal convex
    set containing the given non-empty finite set of points.

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        reorient_normal (bool): Re-orient all faces coherentely after hull
            operation.

    Layer stack:
        Creates 1 new layer 'Convex Hull'
        Current layer is changed to new layer

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Convex Hull">\n',
        '    <Param name="reorient" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(reorient_normal).lower()),
        'description="Re-orient all faces coherentely" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Convex Hull')
    return None


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
using the points and normals to build a surface using the Poisson Surface reconstruction approach. Args: script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write the filter to. octree_depth (int): Set the depth of the Octree used for extracting the final surface. Suggested range 5..10. Higher numbers mean higher precision in the reconstruction but also higher processing times. Be patient. solver_divide (int): This integer argument specifies the depth at which a block Gauss-Seidel solver is used to solve the Laplacian equation. Using this parameter helps reduce the memory overhead at the cost of a small increase in reconstruction time. In practice, the authors have found that for reconstructions of depth 9 or higher a subdivide depth of 7 or 8 can reduce the memory usage. The default value is 8. samples_per_node (float): This floating point value specifies the minimum number of sample points that should fall within an octree node as the octree
construction is adapted to sampling density. For noise-free samples, small values in the range [1.0 - 5.0] can be used. For more noisy samples, larger values in the range [15.0 - 20.0] may be needed to provide a smoother, noise-reduced, reconstruction. The default value is 1.0. offset (float): This floating point value specifies a correction value for the isosurface threshold that is chosen. Values less than 1 mean internal offsetting, greater than 1 mean external offsetting. Good values are in the range 0.5 .. 2. The default value is 1.0 (no offsetting). Layer stack: Creates 1 new layer 'Poisson mesh' Current layer is changed to new layer MeshLab versions: 1.3.4BETA

Response:
def surface_poisson(script, octree_depth=10, solver_divide=8,
                    samples_per_node=1.0, offset=1.0):
    """ Use the points and normals to build a surface using the Poisson
        Surface reconstruction approach.

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        octree_depth (int): Set the depth of the Octree used for extracting the
            final surface. Suggested range 5..10. Higher numbers mean higher
            precision in the reconstruction but also higher processing times.
            Be patient.
        solver_divide (int): This integer argument specifies the depth at which
            a block Gauss-Seidel solver is used to solve the Laplacian
            equation. Using this parameter helps reduce the memory overhead at
            the cost of a small increase in reconstruction time. In practice,
            the authors have found that for reconstructions of depth 9 or
            higher a subdivide depth of 7 or 8 can reduce the memory usage. The
            default value is 8.
        samples_per_node (float): This floating point value specifies the
            minimum number of sample points that should fall within an octree
            node as the octree
construction is adapted to sampling density.
            For noise-free samples, small values in the range [1.0 - 5.0] can
            be used. For more noisy samples, larger values in the range
            [15.0 - 20.0] may be needed to provide a smoother, noise-reduced,
            reconstruction. The default value is 1.0.
        offset (float): This floating point value specifies a correction value
            for the isosurface threshold that is chosen. Values less than 1
            mean internal offsetting, greater than 1 mean external offsetting.
            Good values are in the range 0.5 .. 2. The default value is 1.0
            (no offsetting).

    Layer stack:
        Creates 1 new layer 'Poisson mesh'
        Current layer is changed to new layer

    MeshLab versions:
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Surface Reconstruction: Poisson">\n',
        '    <Param name="OctDepth" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(octree_depth),
        'description="Octree Depth" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="SolverDivide" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(solver_divide),
        'description="Solver Divide" ',
        'type="RichInt" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="SamplesPerNode" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(samples_per_node),
        'description="Samples per Node" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="Offset" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(offset),
        'description="Surface offsetting" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Poisson mesh', change_layer=True)
    return None


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def curvature_flipping(script, angle_threshold=1.0, curve_type=0,
                       selected=False):
    """ Use the points and normals to build a surface using the Poisson
        Surface reconstruction approach.

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        angle_threshold (float): To avoid excessive flipping/swapping we
            consider only couple of faces with a significant diedral angle
            (e.g. greater than the indicated threshold).
        curve_type (int): Choose a metric to compute surface curvature on vertices
            H = mean curv, K = gaussian curv, A = area per vertex
            1: Mean curvature = H
            2: Norm squared mean curvature = (H * H) / A
            3: Absolute curvature:
                if(K >= 0) return 2 * H
                else return 2 * sqrt(H ^ 2 - A * K)

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Curvature flipping optimization">\n',
        '    <Param name="selection" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(selected).lower()),
        'description="Update selection" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="pthreshold" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(angle_threshold),
        'description="Angle Thr (deg)" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="curvtype" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(curve_type),
        'description="Curvature metric" ',
        'enum_val0="mean" ',
        'enum_val1="norm squared" ',
        'enum_val2="absolute" ',
        'enum_cardinality="3" ',
        'type="RichEnum" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function builds a new filter that can be used to flip the curvature of a set of vertices on the current surface.


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
turning a model into a surface with Voronoi style holes in it.

Response:
def voronoi(script, hole_num=50, target_layer=None, sample_layer=None, thickness=0.5, backward=True):
    """ Turn a model into a surface with Voronoi style holes in it

    References:
    http://meshlabstuff.blogspot.com/2009/03/creating-voronoi-sphere.html
    http://meshlabstuff.blogspot.com/2009/04/creating-voronoi-sphere-2.html

    Requires FilterScript object

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object to write the filter to. Does not
            work with a script filename.

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """

    if target_layer is None:
        target_layer = script.current_layer()
    if sample_layer is None:
        # Current layer is currently not changed after poisson_disk is run
        sampling.poisson_disk(script, sample_num=hole_num)
        sample_layer = script.last_layer()

    vert_color.voronoi(script, target_layer=target_layer, source_layer=sample_layer, backward=backward)
    select.vert_quality(script, min_quality=0.0, max_quality=thickness)
    if backward:
        select.invert(script)
    delete.selected(script)
    smooth.laplacian(script, iterations=3)

    return None


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
selects all faces of the current mesh.

Response:
def all(script, face=True, vert=True):
    """ Select all the faces of the current mesh

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        faces (bool): If True the filter will select all the faces.
        verts (bool): If True the filter will select all the vertices.

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Select All">\n',
        '    <Param name="allFaces" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(face).lower()),
        'description="DSelect all Faces" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="allVerts" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(vert).lower()),
        'description="Select all Vertices" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def grow(script, iterations=1):
    filter_xml = '  <filter name="Dilate Selection"/>\n'
    for _ in range(iterations):
        util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Grow the current set of selected faces with the given number of iterations.


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function for
shrinking the current set of selected faces to the specified number of iterations.

Response:
def shrink(script, iterations=1):
    """ Shrink (erode, reduce) the current set of selected faces

    Args:
        script: the FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        iterations (int): the number of times to shrink the selection.

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = '  <filter name="Erode Selection"/>\n'
    for _ in range(iterations):
        util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
def small_parts(script, ratio=0.2, non_closed_only=False):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Small component selection">\n',
        '    <Param name="NbFaceRatio" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(ratio),
        'description="Small component ratio" ',
        'type="RichFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="NonClosedOnly" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(non_closed_only).lower()),
        'description="Select only non closed components" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function returns a filter that selects the small disconnected parts of a mesh.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def vert_quality(script, min_quality=0.0, max_quality=0.05, inclusive=True):
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Select by Vertex Quality">\n',
        '    <Param name="minQ" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(min_quality),
        'description="Min Quality" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="{}" '.format(2 * max_quality),
        'type="RichDynamicFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="maxQ" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(max_quality),
        'description="Max Quality" ',
        'min="0" ',
        'max="{}" '.format(2 * max_quality),
        'type="RichDynamicFloat" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="Inclusive" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(inclusive).lower()),
        'description="Inclusive Sel." ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: This function writes a filter to the filter file that selects all faces and vertices within the specified quality range.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def vert_function(script, function='(q < 0)', strict_face_select=True):
    if script.ml_version == '1.3.4BETA':
        strict_select = ''.join([
            '    <Param name="strictSelect" ',
            'value="{}" '.format(str(strict_face_select).lower()),
            'description="Strict face selection" ',
            'type="RichBool" ',
            '/>\n',
            ])
    else:
        strict_select = ''

    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Conditional Vertex Selection">\n',
        '    <Param name="condSelect" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(function).replace('&', '&').replace('<', '<')),
        'description="boolean function" ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        strict_select,
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Boolean function that will be evaluated in order to select a subset of vertices.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def cylindrical_vert(script, radius=1.0, inside=True):
    if inside:
        function = 'sqrt(x^2+y^2)<={}'.format(radius)
    else:
        function = 'sqrt(x^2+y^2)>={}'.format(radius)
    vert_function(script, function=function)
    return None

Response: Select all vertices within a cylindrical radius


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
selecting all vertices within a spherical radius

Response:
def spherical_vert(script, radius=1.0, center_pt=(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)):
    """Select all vertices within a spherical radius

    Args:
        radius (float): radius of the sphere
        center_pt (3 coordinate tuple or list): center point of the sphere

    Layer stack:
        No impacts

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    function = 'sqrt((x-{})^2+(y-{})^2+(z-{})^2)<={}'.format(
        center_pt[0], center_pt[1], center_pt[2], radius)
    vert_function(script, function=function)
    return None


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def join(script, merge_visible=True, merge_vert=False, delete_layer=True,
         keep_unreferenced_vert=False):
    """ Flatten all or only the visible layers into a single new mesh.

    Transformations are preserved. Existing layers can be optionally
    deleted.

    Args:
        script: the mlx.FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        merge_visible (bool): merge only visible layers
        merge_vert (bool): merge the vertices that are duplicated among
            different layers. Very useful when the layers are spliced portions
            of a single big mesh.
        delete_layer (bool): delete all the merged layers. If all layers are
            visible only a single layer will remain after the invocation of
            this filter.
        keep_unreferenced_vert (bool): Do not discard unreferenced vertices
            from source layers. Necessary for point-only layers.

    Layer stack:
        Creates a new layer "Merged Mesh"
        Changes current layer to the new layer
        Optionally deletes all other layers

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA

    Bugs:
        UV textures: not currently preserved, however will be in a future
            release. https://github.com/cnr-isti-vclab/meshlab/issues/128
        merge_visible: it is not currently possible to change the layer
            visibility from meshlabserver, however this will be possible
            in the future https://github.com/cnr-isti-vclab/meshlab/issues/123
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Flatten Visible Layers">\n',
        '    <Param name="MergeVisible" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(merge_visible).lower()),
        'description="Merge Only Visible Layers" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="MergeVertices" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(merge_vert).lower()),
        'description="Merge duplicate vertices" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="DeleteLayer" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(delete_layer).lower()),
        'description="Delete Layers" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '    <Param name="AlsoUnreferenced" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(str(keep_unreferenced_vert).lower()),
        'description="Keep unreferenced vertices" ',
        'type="RichBool" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
        script.add_layer('Merged Mesh')
        if delete_layer:
            # As it is not yet possible to change the layer visibility, all
            # layers will be deleted. This will be updated once layer
            # visibility is tracked.
            for i in range(script.last_layer()):
                script.del_layer(0)
    return None

Response: This function takes a filter script object or a filename to write a filter to a new mesh.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def delete(script, layer_num=None):
    filter_xml = '  <filter name="Delete Current Mesh"/>\n'
    if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
        if (layer_num is None) or (layer_num == script.current_layer()):
            util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
            script.del_layer(script.current_layer())
        else:
            cur_layer = script.current_layer()
            change(script, layer_num)
            util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
            if layer_num < script.current_layer():
                change(script, cur_layer - 1)
            else:
                change(script, cur_layer)
            script.del_layer(layer_num)
    else:
        util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None

Response: Delete a layer from the stack.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
rename the current layer in the filter.

Response:
def rename(script, label='blank', layer_num=None):
    """ Rename layer label

    Can be useful for outputting mlp files, as the output file names use
    the labels.

    Args:
        script: the mlx.FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        label (str): new label for the mesh layer
        layer_num (int): layer number to rename. Default is the
            current layer. Not supported on the file base API.

    Layer stack:
        Renames a layer

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Rename Current Mesh">\n',
        '    <Param name="newName" ',
        'value="{}" '.format(label),
        'description="New Label" ',
        'type="RichString" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
        if (layer_num is None) or (layer_num == script.current_layer()):
            util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
            script.layer_stack[script.current_layer()] = label
        else:
            cur_layer = script.current_layer()
            change(script, layer_num)
            util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
            change(script, cur_layer)
            script.layer_stack[layer_num] = label
    else:
        util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
change the current layer by specifying the new layer number.

Response:
def change(script, layer_num=None):
    """ Change the current layer by specifying the new layer number.

    Args:
        script: the mlx.FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        layer_num (int): the number of the layer to change to. Default is the
            last layer if script is a mlx.FilterScript object; if script is a
            filename the default is the first layer.

    Layer stack:
        Modifies current layer

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    if layer_num is None:
        if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
            layer_num = script.last_layer()
        else:
            layer_num = 0
    filter_xml = ''.join([
        '  <filter name="Change the current layer">\n',
        '    <Param name="mesh" ',
        'value="{:d}" '.format(layer_num),
        'description="Mesh" ',
        'type="RichMesh" ',
        '/>\n',
        '  </filter>\n'])
    util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
        script.set_current_layer(layer_num)
        #script.layer_stack[len(self.layer_stack) - 1] = layer_num
    return None


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
duplicates a layer. New layer label is '*_copy'. Args: script: the mlx.FilterScript object or script filename to write the filter to. layer_num (int): layer number to duplicate. Default is the current layer. Not supported on the file base API. Layer stack: Creates a new layer Changes current layer to the new layer MeshLab versions: 2016.12 1.3.4BETA

Response:
def duplicate(script, layer_num=None):
    """ Duplicate a layer.

    New layer label is '*_copy'.

    Args:
        script: the mlx.FilterScript object or script filename to write
            the filter to.
        layer_num (int): layer number to duplicate. Default is the
            current layer. Not supported on the file base API.

    Layer stack:
        Creates a new layer
        Changes current layer to the new layer

    MeshLab versions:
        2016.12
        1.3.4BETA
    """
    filter_xml = '  <filter name="Duplicate Current layer"/>\n'
    if isinstance(script, mlx.FilterScript):
        if (layer_num is None) or (layer_num == script.current_layer()):
            util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
            script.add_layer('{}_copy'.format(script.layer_stack[script.current_layer()]), True)
        else:
            change(script, layer_num)
            util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
            script.add_layer('{}_copy'.format(script.layer_stack[layer_num]), True)
    else:
        util.write_filter(script, filter_xml)
    return None