Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
async def forward_messages(self, entity, messages, from_peer=None,
                               *, silent=None, as_album=None):
        """
        Forwards the given message(s) to the specified entity.

        Args:
            entity (`entity`):
                To which entity the message(s) will be forwarded.

            messages (`list` | `int` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`):
                The message(s) to forward, or their integer IDs.

            from_peer (`entity`):
                If the given messages are integer IDs and not instances
                of the ``Message`` class, this *must* be specified in
                order for the forward to work. This parameter indicates
                the entity from which the messages should be forwarded.

            silent (`bool`, optional):
                Whether the message should notify people in a broadcast
                channel or not. Defaults to ``False``, which means it will
                notify them. Set it to ``True`` to alter this behaviour.

            as_album (`bool`, optional):
                Whether several image messages should be forwarded as an
                album (grouped) or not. The default behaviour is to treat
                albums specially and send outgoing requests with
                ``as_album=True`` only for the albums if message objects
                are used. If IDs are used it will group by default.

                In short, the default should do what you expect,
                ``True`` will group always (even converting separate
                images into albums), and ``False`` will never group.

        Returns:
            The list of forwarded `telethon.tl.custom.message.Message`,
            or a single one if a list wasn't provided as input.

            Note that if all messages are invalid (i.e. deleted) the call
            will fail with ``MessageIdInvalidError``. If only some are
            invalid, the list will have ``None`` instead of those messages.
        """
        single = not utils.is_list_like(messages)
        if single:
            messages = (messages,)

        entity = await self.get_input_entity(entity)

        if from_peer:
            from_peer = await self.get_input_entity(from_peer)
            from_peer_id = await self.get_peer_id(from_peer)
        else:
            from_peer_id = None

        def _get_key(m):
            if isinstance(m, int):
                if from_peer_id is not None:
                    return from_peer_id, None

                raise ValueError('from_peer must be given if integer IDs are used')
            elif isinstance(m, types.Message):
                return m.chat_id, m.grouped_id
            else:
                raise TypeError('Cannot forward messages of type {}'.format(type(m)))

        # We want to group outgoing chunks differently if we are "smart"
        # about sending as album.
        #
        # Why? We need separate requests for ``as_album=True/False``, so
        # if we want that behaviour, when we group messages to create the
        # chunks, we need to consider the grouped ID too. But if we don't
        # care about that, we don't need to consider it for creating the
        # chunks, so we can make less requests.
        if as_album is None:
            get_key = _get_key
        else:
            def get_key(m):
                return _get_key(m)[0]  # Ignore grouped_id

        sent = []
        for chat_id, chunk in itertools.groupby(messages, key=get_key):
            chunk = list(chunk)
            if isinstance(chunk[0], int):
                chat = from_peer
                grouped = True if as_album is None else as_album
            else:
                chat = await chunk[0].get_input_chat()
                if as_album is None:
                    grouped = any(m.grouped_id is not None for m in chunk)
                else:
                    grouped = as_album

                chunk = [m.id for m in chunk]

            req = functions.messages.ForwardMessagesRequest(
                from_peer=chat,
                id=chunk,
                to_peer=entity,
                silent=silent,
                # Trying to send a single message as grouped will cause
                # GROUPED_MEDIA_INVALID. If more than one message is forwarded
                # (even without media...), this error goes away.
                grouped=len(chunk) > 1 and grouped
            )
            result = await self(req)
            sent.extend(self._get_response_message(req, result, entity))

        return sent[0] if single else sent

Response: Forwards the given list of messages to the specified entity.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
async def edit_message(
            self, entity, message=None, text=None,
            *, parse_mode=(), link_preview=True, file=None,
            buttons=None):
        """
        Edits the given message ID (to change its contents or disable preview).

        Args:
            entity (`entity` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`):
                From which chat to edit the message. This can also be
                the message to be edited, and the entity will be inferred
                from it, so the next parameter will be assumed to be the
                message text.

                You may also pass a :tl:`InputBotInlineMessageID`,
                which is the only way to edit messages that were sent
                after the user selects an inline query result.

            message (`int` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>` | `str`):
                The ID of the message (or `Message
                <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>` itself) to be edited.
                If the `entity` was a `Message
                <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`, then this message
                will be treated as the new text.

            text (`str`, optional):
                The new text of the message. Does nothing if the `entity`
                was a `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`.

            parse_mode (`object`, optional):
                See the `TelegramClient.parse_mode
                <telethon.client.messageparse.MessageParseMethods.parse_mode>`
                property for allowed values. Markdown parsing will be used by
                default.

            link_preview (`bool`, optional):
                Should the link preview be shown?

            file (`str` | `bytes` | `file` | `media`, optional):
                The file object that should replace the existing media
                in the message.

            buttons (`list`, `custom.Button <telethon.tl.custom.button.Button>`, :tl:`KeyboardButton`):
                The matrix (list of lists), row list or button to be shown
                after sending the message. This parameter will only work if
                you have signed in as a bot. You can also pass your own
                :tl:`ReplyMarkup` here.

        Examples:

            >>> client = ...
            >>> message = client.send_message('username', 'hello')
            >>>
            >>> client.edit_message('username', message, 'hello!')
            >>> # or
            >>> client.edit_message('username', message.id, 'Hello')
            >>> # or
            >>> client.edit_message(message, 'Hello!')

        Raises:
            ``MessageAuthorRequiredError`` if you're not the author of the
            message but tried editing it anyway.

            ``MessageNotModifiedError`` if the contents of the message were
            not modified at all.

        Returns:
            The edited `telethon.tl.custom.message.Message`, unless
            `entity` was a :tl:`InputBotInlineMessageID` in which
            case this method returns a boolean.
        """
        if isinstance(entity, types.InputBotInlineMessageID):
            text = message
            message = entity
        elif isinstance(entity, types.Message):
            text = message  # Shift the parameters to the right
            message = entity
            entity = entity.to_id

        text, msg_entities = await self._parse_message_text(text, parse_mode)
        file_handle, media, image = await self._file_to_media(file)

        if isinstance(entity, types.InputBotInlineMessageID):
            return await self(functions.messages.EditInlineBotMessageRequest(
                id=entity,
                message=text,
                no_webpage=not link_preview,
                entities=msg_entities,
                media=media,
                reply_markup=self.build_reply_markup(buttons)
            ))

        entity = await self.get_input_entity(entity)
        request = functions.messages.EditMessageRequest(
            peer=entity,
            id=utils.get_message_id(message),
            message=text,
            no_webpage=not link_preview,
            entities=msg_entities,
            media=media,
            reply_markup=self.build_reply_markup(buttons)
        )
        msg = self._get_response_message(request, await self(request), entity)
        await self._cache_media(msg, file, file_handle, image=image)
        return msg

Response: Edits the given message.


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
deletes a message from a chat optionally for everyone.

Response:
async def delete_messages(self, entity, message_ids, *, revoke=True):
        """
        Deletes a message from a chat, optionally "for everyone".

        Args:
            entity (`entity`):
                From who the message will be deleted. This can actually
                be ``None`` for normal chats, but **must** be present
                for channels and megagroups.

            message_ids (`list` | `int` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`):
                The IDs (or ID) or messages to be deleted.

            revoke (`bool`, optional):
                Whether the message should be deleted for everyone or not.
                By default it has the opposite behaviour of official clients,
                and it will delete the message for everyone.

                `Since 24 March 2019
                <https://telegram.org/blog/unsend-privacy-emoji>`_, you can
                also revoke messages of any age (i.e. messages sent long in
                the past) the *other* person sent in private conversations
                (and of course your messages too).

                Disabling this has no effect on channels or megagroups,
                since it will unconditionally delete the message for everyone.

        Returns:
            A list of :tl:`AffectedMessages`, each item being the result
            for the delete calls of the messages in chunks of 100 each.
        """
        if not utils.is_list_like(message_ids):
            message_ids = (message_ids,)

        message_ids = (
            m.id if isinstance(m, (
                types.Message, types.MessageService, types.MessageEmpty))
            else int(m) for m in message_ids
        )

        entity = await self.get_input_entity(entity) if entity else None
        if isinstance(entity, types.InputPeerChannel):
            return await self([functions.channels.DeleteMessagesRequest(
                         entity, list(c)) for c in utils.chunks(message_ids)])
        else:
            return await self([functions.messages.DeleteMessagesRequest(
                         list(c), revoke) for c in utils.chunks(message_ids)])


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
send a read acknowledge to the given entity.

Response:
async def send_read_acknowledge(
            self, entity, message=None, *, max_id=None, clear_mentions=False):
        """
        Sends a "read acknowledge" (i.e., notifying the given peer that we've
        read their messages, also known as the "double check").

        This effectively marks a message as read (or more than one) in the
        given conversation.

        If neither message nor maximum ID are provided, all messages will be
        marked as read by assuming that ``max_id = 0``.

        Args:
            entity (`entity`):
                The chat where these messages are located.

            message (`list` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`):
                Either a list of messages or a single message.

            max_id (`int`):
                Overrides messages, until which message should the
                acknowledge should be sent.

            clear_mentions (`bool`):
                Whether the mention badge should be cleared (so that
                there are no more mentions) or not for the given entity.

                If no message is provided, this will be the only action
                taken.
        """
        if max_id is None:
            if not message:
                max_id = 0
            else:
                if utils.is_list_like(message):
                    max_id = max(msg.id for msg in message)
                else:
                    max_id = message.id

        entity = await self.get_input_entity(entity)
        if clear_mentions:
            await self(functions.messages.ReadMentionsRequest(entity))
            if max_id is None:
                return True

        if max_id is not None:
            if isinstance(entity, types.InputPeerChannel):
                return await self(functions.channels.ReadHistoryRequest(
                    entity, max_id=max_id))
            else:
                return await self(functions.messages.ReadHistoryRequest(
                    entity, max_id=max_id))

        return False


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
send a file to the specified entity.

Response:
async def send_file(
            self, entity, file, *, caption=None, force_document=False,
            progress_callback=None, reply_to=None, attributes=None,
            thumb=None, allow_cache=True, parse_mode=(),
            voice_note=False, video_note=False, buttons=None, silent=None,
            supports_streaming=False, **kwargs):
        """
        Sends a file to the specified entity.

        Args:
            entity (`entity`):
                Who will receive the file.

            file (`str` | `bytes` | `file` | `media`):
                The file to send, which can be one of:

                * A local file path to an in-disk file. The file name
                  will be the path's base name.

                * A `bytes` byte array with the file's data to send
                  (for example, by using ``text.encode('utf-8')``).
                  A default file name will be used.

                * A bytes `io.IOBase` stream over the file to send
                  (for example, by using ``open(file, 'rb')``).
                  Its ``.name`` property will be used for the file name,
                  or a default if it doesn't have one.

                * An external URL to a file over the internet. This will
                  send the file as "external" media, and Telegram is the
                  one that will fetch the media and send it.

                * A Bot API-like ``file_id``. You can convert previously
                  sent media to file IDs for later reusing with
                  `telethon.utils.pack_bot_file_id`.

                * A handle to an existing file (for example, if you sent a
                  message with media before, you can use its ``message.media``
                  as a file here).

                * A handle to an uploaded file (from `upload_file`).

                To send an album, you should provide a list in this parameter.

                If a list or similar is provided, the files in it will be
                sent as an album in the order in which they appear, sliced
                in chunks of 10 if more than 10 are given.

            caption (`str`, optional):
                Optional caption for the sent media message. When sending an
                album, the caption may be a list of strings, which will be
                assigned to the files pairwise.

            force_document (`bool`, optional):
                If left to ``False`` and the file is a path that ends with
                the extension of an image file or a video file, it will be
                sent as such. Otherwise always as a document.

            progress_callback (`callable`, optional):
                A callback function accepting two parameters:
                ``(sent bytes, total)``.

            reply_to (`int` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`):
                Same as `reply_to` from `send_message`.

            attributes (`list`, optional):
                Optional attributes that override the inferred ones, like
                :tl:`DocumentAttributeFilename` and so on.

            thumb (`str` | `bytes` | `file`, optional):
                Optional JPEG thumbnail (for documents). **Telegram will
                ignore this parameter** unless you pass a ``.jpg`` file!

                The file must also be small in dimensions and in-disk size.
                Successful thumbnails were files below 20kb and 200x200px.
                Width/height and dimensions/size ratios may be important.

            allow_cache (`bool`, optional):
                Whether to allow using the cached version stored in the
                database or not. Defaults to ``True`` to avoid re-uploads.
                Must be ``False`` if you wish to use different attributes
                or thumb than those that were used when the file was cached.

            parse_mode (`object`, optional):
                See the `TelegramClient.parse_mode
                <telethon.client.messageparse.MessageParseMethods.parse_mode>`
                property for allowed values. Markdown parsing will be used by
                default.

            voice_note (`bool`, optional):
                If ``True`` the audio will be sent as a voice note.

                Set `allow_cache` to ``False`` if you sent the same file
                without this setting before for it to work.

            video_note (`bool`, optional):
                If ``True`` the video will be sent as a video note,
                also known as a round video message.

                Set `allow_cache` to ``False`` if you sent the same file
                without this setting before for it to work.

            buttons (`list`, `custom.Button <telethon.tl.custom.button.Button>`, :tl:`KeyboardButton`):
                The matrix (list of lists), row list or button to be shown
                after sending the message. This parameter will only work if
                you have signed in as a bot. You can also pass your own
                :tl:`ReplyMarkup` here.

            silent (`bool`, optional):
                Whether the message should notify people in a broadcast
                channel or not. Defaults to ``False``, which means it will
                notify them. Set it to ``True`` to alter this behaviour.

            supports_streaming (`bool`, optional):
                Whether the sent video supports streaming or not. Note that
                Telegram only recognizes as streamable some formats like MP4,
                and others like AVI or MKV will not work. You should convert
                these to MP4 before sending if you want them to be streamable.
                Unsupported formats will result in ``VideoContentTypeError``.

        Notes:
            If the ``hachoir3`` package (``hachoir`` module) is installed,
            it will be used to determine metadata from audio and video files.

            If the `pillow` package is installed and you are sending a photo,
            it will be resized to fit within the maximum dimensions allowed
            by Telegram to avoid ``errors.PhotoInvalidDimensionsError``. This
            cannot be done if you are sending :tl:`InputFile`, however.

        Returns:
            The `telethon.tl.custom.message.Message` (or messages) containing
            the sent file, or messages if a list of them was passed.
        """
        # i.e. ``None`` was used
        if not file:
            raise TypeError('Cannot use {!r} as file'.format(file))

        if not caption:
            caption = ''

        # First check if the user passed an iterable, in which case
        # we may want to send as an album if all are photo files.
        if utils.is_list_like(file):
            # TODO Fix progress_callback
            images = []
            if force_document:
                documents = file
            else:
                documents = []
                for x in file:
                    if utils.is_image(x):
                        images.append(x)
                    else:
                        documents.append(x)

            result = []
            while images:
                result += await self._send_album(
                    entity, images[:10], caption=caption,
                    progress_callback=progress_callback, reply_to=reply_to,
                    parse_mode=parse_mode, silent=silent
                )
                images = images[10:]

            for x in documents:
                result.append(await self.send_file(
                    entity, x, allow_cache=allow_cache,
                    caption=caption, force_document=force_document,
                    progress_callback=progress_callback, reply_to=reply_to,
                    attributes=attributes, thumb=thumb, voice_note=voice_note,
                    video_note=video_note, buttons=buttons, silent=silent,
                    supports_streaming=supports_streaming,
                    **kwargs
                ))

            return result

        entity = await self.get_input_entity(entity)
        reply_to = utils.get_message_id(reply_to)

        # Not document since it's subject to change.
        # Needed when a Message is passed to send_message and it has media.
        if 'entities' in kwargs:
            msg_entities = kwargs['entities']
        else:
            caption, msg_entities =\
                await self._parse_message_text(caption, parse_mode)

        file_handle, media, image = await self._file_to_media(
            file, force_document=force_document,
            progress_callback=progress_callback,
            attributes=attributes,  allow_cache=allow_cache, thumb=thumb,
            voice_note=voice_note, video_note=video_note,
            supports_streaming=supports_streaming
        )

        # e.g. invalid cast from :tl:`MessageMediaWebPage`
        if not media:
            raise TypeError('Cannot use {!r} as file'.format(file))

        markup = self.build_reply_markup(buttons)
        request = functions.messages.SendMediaRequest(
            entity, media, reply_to_msg_id=reply_to, message=caption,
            entities=msg_entities, reply_markup=markup, silent=silent
        )
        msg = self._get_response_message(request, await self(request), entity)
        await self._cache_media(msg, file, file_handle, image=image)

        return msg


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
specializes version of .send_file for albums

Response:
async def _send_album(self, entity, files, caption='',
                          progress_callback=None, reply_to=None,
                          parse_mode=(), silent=None):
        """Specialized version of .send_file for albums"""
        # We don't care if the user wants to avoid cache, we will use it
        # anyway. Why? The cached version will be exactly the same thing
        # we need to produce right now to send albums (uploadMedia), and
        # cache only makes a difference for documents where the user may
        # want the attributes used on them to change.
        #
        # In theory documents can be sent inside the albums but they appear
        # as different messages (not inside the album), and the logic to set
        # the attributes/avoid cache is already written in .send_file().
        entity = await self.get_input_entity(entity)
        if not utils.is_list_like(caption):
            caption = (caption,)

        captions = []
        for c in reversed(caption):  # Pop from the end (so reverse)
            captions.append(await self._parse_message_text(c or '', parse_mode))

        reply_to = utils.get_message_id(reply_to)

        # Need to upload the media first, but only if they're not cached yet
        media = []
        for file in files:
            # Albums want :tl:`InputMedia` which, in theory, includes
            # :tl:`InputMediaUploadedPhoto`. However using that will
            # make it `raise MediaInvalidError`, so we need to upload
            # it as media and then convert that to :tl:`InputMediaPhoto`.
            fh, fm, _ = await self._file_to_media(file)
            if isinstance(fm, types.InputMediaUploadedPhoto):
                r = await self(functions.messages.UploadMediaRequest(
                    entity, media=fm
                ))
                self.session.cache_file(
                    fh.md5, fh.size, utils.get_input_photo(r.photo))

                fm = utils.get_input_media(r.photo)

            if captions:
                caption, msg_entities = captions.pop()
            else:
                caption, msg_entities = '', None
            media.append(types.InputSingleMedia(
                fm,
                message=caption,
                entities=msg_entities
            ))

        # Now we can construct the multi-media request
        result = await self(functions.messages.SendMultiMediaRequest(
            entity, reply_to_msg_id=reply_to, multi_media=media, silent=silent
        ))

        # We never sent a `random_id` for the messages that resulted from
        # the request so we can't pair them up with the `Updates` that we
        # get from Telegram. However, the sent messages have a photo and
        # the photo IDs match with those we did send.
        #
        # Updates -> {_: message}
        messages = self._get_response_message(None, result, entity)
        # {_: message} -> {photo ID: message}
        messages = {m.photo.id: m for m in messages.values()}
        # Sent photo IDs -> messages
        return [messages[m.media.id.id] for m in media]


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
uploads a file to the specified TeleBot server and returns a handle to the file.

Response:
async def upload_file(
            self, file, *, part_size_kb=None, file_name=None, use_cache=None,
            progress_callback=None):
        """
        Uploads the specified file and returns a handle (an instance of
        :tl:`InputFile` or :tl:`InputFileBig`, as required) which can be
        later used before it expires (they are usable during less than a day).

        Uploading a file will simply return a "handle" to the file stored
        remotely in the Telegram servers, which can be later used on. This
        will **not** upload the file to your own chat or any chat at all.

        Args:
            file (`str` | `bytes` | `file`):
                The path of the file, byte array, or stream that will be sent.
                Note that if a byte array or a stream is given, a filename
                or its type won't be inferred, and it will be sent as an
                "unnamed application/octet-stream".

            part_size_kb (`int`, optional):
                Chunk size when uploading files. The larger, the less
                requests will be made (up to 512KB maximum).

            file_name (`str`, optional):
                The file name which will be used on the resulting InputFile.
                If not specified, the name will be taken from the ``file``
                and if this is not a ``str``, it will be ``"unnamed"``.

            use_cache (`type`, optional):
                The type of cache to use (currently either :tl:`InputDocument`
                or :tl:`InputPhoto`). If present and the file is small enough
                to need the MD5, it will be checked against the database,
                and if a match is found, the upload won't be made. Instead,
                an instance of type ``use_cache`` will be returned.

            progress_callback (`callable`, optional):
                A callback function accepting two parameters:
                ``(sent bytes, total)``.

        Returns:
            :tl:`InputFileBig` if the file size is larger than 10MB,
            `telethon.tl.custom.inputsizedfile.InputSizedFile`
            (subclass of :tl:`InputFile`) otherwise.
        """
        if isinstance(file, (types.InputFile, types.InputFileBig)):
            return file  # Already uploaded

        if not file_name and getattr(file, 'name', None):
            file_name = file.name

        if isinstance(file, str):
            file_size = os.path.getsize(file)
        elif isinstance(file, bytes):
            file_size = len(file)
        else:
            if isinstance(file, io.IOBase) and file.seekable():
                pos = file.tell()
            else:
                pos = None

            # TODO Don't load the entire file in memory always
            data = file.read()
            if pos is not None:
                file.seek(pos)

            file = data
            file_size = len(file)

        # File will now either be a string or bytes
        if not part_size_kb:
            part_size_kb = utils.get_appropriated_part_size(file_size)

        if part_size_kb > 512:
            raise ValueError('The part size must be less or equal to 512KB')

        part_size = int(part_size_kb * 1024)
        if part_size % 1024 != 0:
            raise ValueError(
                'The part size must be evenly divisible by 1024')

        # Set a default file name if None was specified
        file_id = helpers.generate_random_long()
        if not file_name:
            if isinstance(file, str):
                file_name = os.path.basename(file)
            else:
                file_name = str(file_id)

        # If the file name lacks extension, add it if possible.
        # Else Telegram complains with `PHOTO_EXT_INVALID_ERROR`
        # even if the uploaded image is indeed a photo.
        if not os.path.splitext(file_name)[-1]:
            file_name += utils._get_extension(file)

        # Determine whether the file is too big (over 10MB) or not
        # Telegram does make a distinction between smaller or larger files
        is_large = file_size > 10 * 1024 * 1024
        hash_md5 = hashlib.md5()
        if not is_large:
            # Calculate the MD5 hash before anything else.
            # As this needs to be done always for small files,
            # might as well do it before anything else and
            # check the cache.
            if isinstance(file, str):
                with open(file, 'rb') as stream:
                    file = stream.read()
            hash_md5.update(file)
            if use_cache:
                cached = self.session.get_file(
                    hash_md5.digest(), file_size, cls=_CacheType(use_cache)
                )
                if cached:
                    return cached

        part_count = (file_size + part_size - 1) // part_size
        self._log[__name__].info('Uploading file of %d bytes in %d chunks of %d',
                                 file_size, part_count, part_size)

        with open(file, 'rb') if isinstance(file, str) else BytesIO(file)\
                as stream:
            for part_index in range(part_count):
                # Read the file by in chunks of size part_size
                part = stream.read(part_size)

                # The SavePartRequest is different depending on whether
                # the file is too large or not (over or less than 10MB)
                if is_large:
                    request = functions.upload.SaveBigFilePartRequest(
                        file_id, part_index, part_count, part)
                else:
                    request = functions.upload.SaveFilePartRequest(
                        file_id, part_index, part)

                result = await self(request)
                if result:
                    self._log[__name__].debug('Uploaded %d/%d',
                                              part_index + 1, part_count)
                    if progress_callback:
                        progress_callback(stream.tell(), file_size)
                else:
                    raise RuntimeError(
                        'Failed to upload file part {}.'.format(part_index))

        if is_large:
            return types.InputFileBig(file_id, part_count, file_name)
        else:
            return custom.InputSizedFile(
                file_id, part_count, file_name, md5=hash_md5, size=file_size
            )


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def add(self, entities):
        if not utils.is_list_like(entities):
            # Invariant: all "chats" and "users" are always iterables,
            # and "user" never is (so we wrap it inside a list).
            entities = itertools.chain(
                getattr(entities, 'chats', []),
                getattr(entities, 'users', []),
                (hasattr(entities, 'user') and [entities.user]) or []
            )

        for entity in entities:
            try:
                pid = utils.get_peer_id(entity)
                if pid not in self.__dict__:
                    # Note: `get_input_peer` already checks for `access_hash`
                    self.__dict__[pid] = utils.get_input_peer(entity)
            except TypeError:
                pass

Response: Adds the given entities to the cache if they weren t saved before.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def run_until_disconnected(self):
        if self.loop.is_running():
            return self._run_until_disconnected()
        try:
            return self.loop.run_until_complete(self.disconnected)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            pass
        finally:
            # No loop.run_until_complete; it's already syncified
            self.disconnect()

Response: Runs the event loop until the connection is disconnected.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def on(self, event):
        def decorator(f):
            self.add_event_handler(f, event)
            return f

        return decorator

Response: Decorator for adding event handlers to the internal cache.


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def add_event_handler(self, callback, event=None):
        builders = events._get_handlers(callback)
        if builders is not None:
            for event in builders:
                self._event_builders.append((event, callback))
            return

        if isinstance(event, type):
            event = event()
        elif not event:
            event = events.Raw()

        self._event_builders.append((event, callback))

Response: Adds a callback to be called on the specified event.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def remove_event_handler(self, callback, event=None):
        found = 0
        if event and not isinstance(event, type):
            event = type(event)

        i = len(self._event_builders)
        while i:
            i -= 1
            ev, cb = self._event_builders[i]
            if cb == callback and (not event or isinstance(ev, event)):
                del self._event_builders[i]
                found += 1

        return found

Response: Removes a callback from the event handlers list.


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
catch up on the missed updates while the client was offline.

Response:
async def catch_up(self):
        """
        "Catches up" on the missed updates while the client was offline.
        You should call this method after registering the event handlers
        so that the updates it loads can by processed by your script.

        This can also be used to forcibly fetch new updates if there are any.
        """
        pts, date = self._state_cache[None]
        self.session.catching_up = True
        try:
            while True:
                d = await self(functions.updates.GetDifferenceRequest(
                    pts, date, 0
                ))
                if isinstance(d, (types.updates.DifferenceSlice,
                                  types.updates.Difference)):
                    if isinstance(d, types.updates.Difference):
                        state = d.state
                    else:
                        state = d.intermediate_state

                    pts, date = state.pts, state.date
                    self._handle_update(types.Updates(
                        users=d.users,
                        chats=d.chats,
                        date=state.date,
                        seq=state.seq,
                        updates=d.other_updates + [
                            types.UpdateNewMessage(m, 0, 0)
                            for m in d.new_messages
                        ]
                    ))

                    # TODO Implement upper limit (max_pts)
                    # We don't want to fetch updates we already know about.
                    #
                    # We may still get duplicates because the Difference
                    # contains a lot of updates and presumably only has
                    # the state for the last one, but at least we don't
                    # unnecessarily fetch too many.
                    #
                    # updates.getDifference's pts_total_limit seems to mean
                    # "how many pts is the request allowed to return", and
                    # if there is more than that, it returns "too long" (so
                    # there would be duplicate updates since we know about
                    # some). This can be used to detect collisions (i.e.
                    # it would return an update we have already seen).
                else:
                    if isinstance(d, types.updates.DifferenceEmpty):
                        date = d.date
                    elif isinstance(d, types.updates.DifferenceTooLong):
                        pts = d.pts
                    break
        except (ConnectionError, asyncio.CancelledError):
            pass
        finally:
            # TODO Save new pts to session
            self._state_cache._pts_date = (pts, date)
            self.session.catching_up = False


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def reset(self):
        # Session IDs can be random on every connection
        self.id = struct.unpack('q', os.urandom(8))[0]
        self._sequence = 0
        self._last_msg_id = 0

Response: Resets the state of the object to its initial state.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
calculating the key based on the guidelines for MTProto 2 and MTProto 3.

Response:
def _calc_key(auth_key, msg_key, client):
        """
        Calculate the key based on Telegram guidelines for MTProto 2,
        specifying whether it's the client or not. See
        https://core.telegram.org/mtproto/description#defining-aes-key-and-initialization-vector
        """
        x = 0 if client else 8
        sha256a = sha256(msg_key + auth_key[x: x + 36]).digest()
        sha256b = sha256(auth_key[x + 40:x + 76] + msg_key).digest()

        aes_key = sha256a[:8] + sha256b[8:24] + sha256a[24:32]
        aes_iv = sha256b[:8] + sha256a[8:24] + sha256b[24:32]

        return aes_key, aes_iv


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def write_data_as_message(self, buffer, data, content_related,
                              *, after_id=None):
        """
        Writes a message containing the given data into buffer.

        Returns the message id.
        """
        msg_id = self._get_new_msg_id()
        seq_no = self._get_seq_no(content_related)
        if after_id is None:
            body = GzipPacked.gzip_if_smaller(content_related, data)
        else:
            body = GzipPacked.gzip_if_smaller(content_related,
                bytes(InvokeAfterMsgRequest(after_id, data)))

        buffer.write(struct.pack('<qii', msg_id, seq_no, len(body)))
        buffer.write(body)
        return msg_id

Response: Writes a message containing the given data into buffer. Returns the message id.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
encrypting the given message data using the current authorization key.

Response:
def encrypt_message_data(self, data):
        """
        Encrypts the given message data using the current authorization key
        following MTProto 2.0 guidelines core.telegram.org/mtproto/description.
        """
        data = struct.pack('<qq', self.salt, self.id) + data
        padding = os.urandom(-(len(data) + 12) % 16 + 12)

        # Being substr(what, offset, length); x = 0 for client
        # "msg_key_large = SHA256(substr(auth_key, 88+x, 32) + pt + padding)"
        msg_key_large = sha256(
            self.auth_key.key[88:88 + 32] + data + padding).digest()

        # "msg_key = substr (msg_key_large, 8, 16)"
        msg_key = msg_key_large[8:24]
        aes_key, aes_iv = self._calc_key(self.auth_key.key, msg_key, True)

        key_id = struct.pack('<Q', self.auth_key.key_id)
        return (key_id + msg_key +
                AES.encrypt_ige(data + padding, aes_key, aes_iv))


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def decrypt_message_data(self, body):
        if len(body) < 8:
            raise InvalidBufferError(body)

        # TODO Check salt, session_id and sequence_number
        key_id = struct.unpack('<Q', body[:8])[0]
        if key_id != self.auth_key.key_id:
            raise SecurityError('Server replied with an invalid auth key')

        msg_key = body[8:24]
        aes_key, aes_iv = self._calc_key(self.auth_key.key, msg_key, False)
        body = AES.decrypt_ige(body[24:], aes_key, aes_iv)

        # https://core.telegram.org/mtproto/security_guidelines
        # Sections "checking sha256 hash" and "message length"
        our_key = sha256(self.auth_key.key[96:96 + 32] + body)
        if msg_key != our_key.digest()[8:24]:
            raise SecurityError(
                "Received msg_key doesn't match with expected one")

        reader = BinaryReader(body)
        reader.read_long()  # remote_salt
        if reader.read_long() != self.id:
            raise SecurityError('Server replied with a wrong session ID')

        remote_msg_id = reader.read_long()
        remote_sequence = reader.read_int()
        reader.read_int()  # msg_len for the inner object, padding ignored

        # We could read msg_len bytes and use those in a new reader to read
        # the next TLObject without including the padding, but since the
        # reader isn't used for anything else after this, it's unnecessary.
        obj = reader.tgread_object()

        return TLMessage(remote_msg_id, remote_sequence, obj)

Response: Decrypt a message body.


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
def _get_new_msg_id(self):
        now = time.time() + self.time_offset
        nanoseconds = int((now - int(now)) * 1e+9)
        new_msg_id = (int(now) << 32) | (nanoseconds << 2)

        if self._last_msg_id >= new_msg_id:
            new_msg_id = self._last_msg_id + 4

        self._last_msg_id = new_msg_id
        return new_msg_id

Response: Generates a new unique message ID based on the current time since epoch.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def update_time_offset(self, correct_msg_id):
        bad = self._get_new_msg_id()
        old = self.time_offset

        now = int(time.time())
        correct = correct_msg_id >> 32
        self.time_offset = correct - now

        if self.time_offset != old:
            self._last_msg_id = 0
            self._log.debug(
                'Updated time offset (old offset %d, bad %d, good %d, new %d)',
                old, bad, correct_msg_id, self.time_offset
            )

        return self.time_offset

Response: Updates the time offset to the correct message ID.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
generate the next sequence number depending on whether the current sequence number should be for a content - related query.

Response:
def _get_seq_no(self, content_related):
        """
        Generates the next sequence number depending on whether
        it should be for a content-related query or not.
        """
        if content_related:
            result = self._sequence * 2 + 1
            self._sequence += 1
            return result
        else:
            return self._sequence * 2


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
def parse_tl(file_path, layer, methods=None, ignored_ids=CORE_TYPES):
    method_info = {m.name: m for m in (methods or [])}
    obj_all = []
    obj_by_name = {}
    obj_by_type = collections.defaultdict(list)
    with file_path.open() as file:
        is_function = False
        for line in file:
            comment_index = line.find('//')
            if comment_index != -1:
                line = line[:comment_index]

            line = line.strip()
            if not line:
                continue

            match = re.match('---(\w+)---', line)
            if match:
                following_types = match.group(1)
                is_function = following_types == 'functions'
                continue

            try:
                result = _from_line(
                    line, is_function, method_info, layer=layer)

                if result.id in ignored_ids:
                    continue

                obj_all.append(result)
                if not result.is_function:
                    obj_by_name[result.fullname] = result
                    obj_by_type[result.result].append(result)
            except ValueError as e:
                if 'vector#1cb5c415' not in str(e):
                    raise

    # Once all objects have been parsed, replace the
    # string type from the arguments with references
    for obj in obj_all:
        if obj.id in AUTH_KEY_TYPES:
            for arg in obj.args:
                if arg.type == 'string':
                    arg.type = 'bytes'

        for arg in obj.args:
            arg.cls = obj_by_type.get(arg.type) or (
                [obj_by_name[arg.type]] if arg.type in obj_by_name else []
            )

    yield from obj_all

Response: This method parses a. tl file and yields TLObjects.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
find the layer used on the specified scheme. tl file.

Response:
def find_layer(file_path):
    """Finds the layer used on the specified scheme.tl file."""
    layer_regex = re.compile(r'^//\s*LAYER\s*(\d+)$')
    with file_path.open('r') as file:
        for line in file:
            match = layer_regex.match(line)
            if match:
                return int(match.group(1))


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def photo(self):
        if isinstance(self.result, types.BotInlineResult):
            return self.result.thumb
        elif isinstance(self.result, types.BotInlineMediaResult):
            return self.result.photo

Response: Returns either the WebDocument thumbnail for the current result or the Photo for the current result.


Instruction:
Implement a Python 3 function for
returning either the WebDocument content for the current result or the Document for media results.

Response:
def document(self):
        """
        Returns either the :tl:`WebDocument` content for
        normal results or the :tl:`Document` for media results.
        """
        if isinstance(self.result, types.BotInlineResult):
            return self.result.content
        elif isinstance(self.result, types.BotInlineMediaResult):
            return self.result.document


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
clicks this result and sends the associated message.

Response:
async def click(self, entity, reply_to=None,
                    silent=False, clear_draft=False, hide_via=False):
        """
        Clicks this result and sends the associated `message`.

        Args:
            entity (`entity`):
                The entity to which the message of this result should be sent.

            reply_to (`int` | `Message <telethon.tl.custom.message.Message>`, optional):
                If present, the sent message will reply to this ID or message.

            silent (`bool`, optional):
                If ``True``, the sent message will not notify the user(s).

            clear_draft (`bool`, optional):
                Whether the draft should be removed after sending the
                message from this result or not. Defaults to ``False``.

            hide_via (`bool`, optional):
                Whether the "via @bot" should be hidden or not.
                Only works with certain bots (like @bing or @gif).
        """
        entity = await self._client.get_input_entity(entity)
        reply_id = None if reply_to is None else utils.get_message_id(reply_to)
        req = functions.messages.SendInlineBotResultRequest(
            peer=entity,
            query_id=self._query_id,
            id=self.result.id,
            silent=silent,
            clear_draft=clear_draft,
            hide_via=hide_via,
            reply_to_msg_id=reply_id
        )
        return self._client._get_response_message(
            req, await self._client(req), entity)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
async def download_media(self, *args, **kwargs):
        if self.document or self.photo:
            return await self._client.download_media(
                self.document or self.photo, *args, **kwargs)

Response: Downloads the media in this result.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
update the state of the given object with the given update.

Response:
def update(
            self,
            update,
            *,
            channel_id=None,
            has_pts=(
                types.UpdateNewMessage,
                types.UpdateDeleteMessages,
                types.UpdateReadHistoryInbox,
                types.UpdateReadHistoryOutbox,
                types.UpdateWebPage,
                types.UpdateReadMessagesContents,
                types.UpdateEditMessage,
                types.updates.State,
                types.updates.DifferenceTooLong,
                types.UpdateShortMessage,
                types.UpdateShortChatMessage,
                types.UpdateShortSentMessage
            ),
            has_date=(
                types.UpdateUserPhoto,
                types.UpdateEncryption,
                types.UpdateEncryptedMessagesRead,
                types.UpdateChatParticipantAdd,
                types.updates.DifferenceEmpty,
                types.UpdateShortMessage,
                types.UpdateShortChatMessage,
                types.UpdateShort,
                types.UpdatesCombined,
                types.Updates,
                types.UpdateShortSentMessage,
            ),
            has_channel_pts=(
                types.UpdateChannelTooLong,
                types.UpdateNewChannelMessage,
                types.UpdateDeleteChannelMessages,
                types.UpdateEditChannelMessage,
                types.UpdateChannelWebPage,
                types.updates.ChannelDifferenceEmpty,
                types.updates.ChannelDifferenceTooLong,
                types.updates.ChannelDifference
            )
    ):
        """
        Update the state with the given update.
        """
        has_pts = isinstance(update, has_pts)
        has_date = isinstance(update, has_date)
        has_channel_pts = isinstance(update, has_channel_pts)
        if has_pts and has_date:
            self._pts_date = update.pts, update.date
        elif has_pts:
            self._pts_date = update.pts, self._pts_date[1]
        elif has_date:
            self._pts_date = self._pts_date[0], update.date

        if has_channel_pts:
            if channel_id is None:
                channel_id = self.get_channel_id(update)

            if channel_id is None:
                self._logger.info(
                    'Failed to retrieve channel_id from %s', update)
            else:
                self.__dict__[channel_id] = update.pts


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
return an iterator over the dialogs in the system.

Response:
def iter_dialogs(
            self, limit=None, *, offset_date=None, offset_id=0,
            offset_peer=types.InputPeerEmpty(), ignore_migrated=False
    ):
        """
        Returns an iterator over the dialogs, yielding 'limit' at most.
        Dialogs are the open "chats" or conversations with other people,
        groups you have joined, or channels you are subscribed to.

        Args:
            limit (`int` | `None`):
                How many dialogs to be retrieved as maximum. Can be set to
                ``None`` to retrieve all dialogs. Note that this may take
                whole minutes if you have hundreds of dialogs, as Telegram
                will tell the library to slow down through a
                ``FloodWaitError``.

            offset_date (`datetime`, optional):
                The offset date to be used.

            offset_id (`int`, optional):
                The message ID to be used as an offset.

            offset_peer (:tl:`InputPeer`, optional):
                The peer to be used as an offset.

            ignore_migrated (`bool`, optional):
                Whether :tl:`Chat` that have ``migrated_to`` a :tl:`Channel`
                should be included or not. By default all the chats in your
                dialogs are returned, but setting this to ``True`` will hide
                them in the same way official applications do.

        Yields:
            Instances of `telethon.tl.custom.dialog.Dialog`.
        """
        return _DialogsIter(
            self,
            limit,
            offset_date=offset_date,
            offset_id=offset_id,
            offset_peer=offset_peer,
            ignore_migrated=ignore_migrated
        )


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
creating a new conversation with the given entity and returns the messages.

Response:
def conversation(
            self, entity,
            *, timeout=60, total_timeout=None, max_messages=100,
            exclusive=True, replies_are_responses=True):
        """
        Creates a `Conversation <telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation>`
        with the given entity so you can easily send messages and await for
        responses or other reactions. Refer to its documentation for more.

        Args:
            entity (`entity`):
                The entity with which a new conversation should be opened.

            timeout (`int` | `float`, optional):
                The default timeout (in seconds) *per action* to be used. You
                may also override this timeout on a per-method basis. By
                default each action can take up to 60 seconds (the value of
                this timeout).

            total_timeout (`int` | `float`, optional):
                The total timeout (in seconds) to use for the whole
                conversation. This takes priority over per-action
                timeouts. After these many seconds pass, subsequent
                actions will result in ``asyncio.TimeoutError``.

            max_messages (`int`, optional):
                The maximum amount of messages this conversation will
                remember. After these many messages arrive in the
                specified chat, subsequent actions will result in
                ``ValueError``.

            exclusive (`bool`, optional):
                By default, conversations are exclusive within a single
                chat. That means that while a conversation is open in a
                chat, you can't open another one in the same chat, unless
                you disable this flag.

                If you try opening an exclusive conversation for
                a chat where it's already open, it will raise
                ``AlreadyInConversationError``.

            replies_are_responses (`bool`, optional):
                Whether replies should be treated as responses or not.

                If the setting is enabled, calls to `conv.get_response
                <telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation.get_response>`
                and a subsequent call to `conv.get_reply
                <telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation.get_reply>`
                will return different messages, otherwise they may return
                the same message.

                Consider the following scenario with one outgoing message,
                1, and two incoming messages, the second one replying::

                                        Hello! <1
                    2> (reply to 1) Hi!
                    3> (reply to 1) How are you?

                And the following code:

                .. code-block:: python

                    async with client.conversation(chat) as conv:
                        msg1 = await conv.send_message('Hello!')
                        msg2 = await conv.get_response()
                        msg3 = await conv.get_reply()

                With the setting enabled, ``msg2`` will be ``'Hi!'`` and
                ``msg3`` be ``'How are you?'`` since replies are also
                responses, and a response was already returned.

                With the setting disabled, both ``msg2`` and ``msg3`` will
                be ``'Hi!'`` since one is a response and also a reply.

        Returns:
            A `Conversation <telethon.tl.custom.conversation.Conversation>`.
        """
        return custom.Conversation(
            self,
            entity,
            timeout=timeout,
            total_timeout=total_timeout,
            max_messages=max_messages,
            exclusive=exclusive,
            replies_are_responses=replies_are_responses

        )


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
async def connect(self, connection):
        if self._user_connected:
            self._log.info('User is already connected!')
            return

        self._connection = connection
        await self._connect()
        self._user_connected = True

Response: Connects to the specified connection using the given auth key.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
connects to the Telegram server and generates the authorization key if necessary.

Response:
async def _connect(self):
        """
        Performs the actual connection, retrying, generating the
        authorization key if necessary, and starting the send and
        receive loops.
        """
        self._log.info('Connecting to %s...', self._connection)
        for attempt in retry_range(self._retries):
            try:
                self._log.debug('Connection attempt {}...'.format(attempt))
                await self._connection.connect(timeout=self._connect_timeout)
            except (IOError, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
                self._log.warning('Attempt {} at connecting failed: {}: {}'
                                  .format(attempt, type(e).__name__, e))
                await asyncio.sleep(self._delay)
            else:
                break
        else:
            raise ConnectionError('Connection to Telegram failed {} time(s)'
                                  .format(attempt))

        self._log.debug('Connection success!')
        if not self.auth_key:
            plain = MTProtoPlainSender(self._connection, loggers=self._loggers)
            for attempt in retry_range(self._retries):
                try:
                    self._log.debug('New auth_key attempt {}...'
                                    .format(attempt))
                    self.auth_key.key, self._state.time_offset =\
                        await authenticator.do_authentication(plain)

                    # This is *EXTREMELY* important since we don't control
                    # external references to the authorization key, we must
                    # notify whenever we change it. This is crucial when we
                    # switch to different data centers.
                    if self._auth_key_callback:
                        self._auth_key_callback(self.auth_key)

                    break
                except (SecurityError, AssertionError) as e:
                    self._log.warning('Attempt {} at new auth_key failed: {}'
                                      .format(attempt, e))
                    await asyncio.sleep(self._delay)
            else:
                e = ConnectionError('auth_key generation failed {} time(s)'
                                    .format(attempt))
                await self._disconnect(error=e)
                raise e

        self._log.debug('Starting send loop')
        self._send_loop_handle = self._loop.create_task(self._send_loop())

        self._log.debug('Starting receive loop')
        self._recv_loop_handle = self._loop.create_task(self._recv_loop())

        # _disconnected only completes after manual disconnection
        # or errors after which the sender cannot continue such
        # as failing to reconnect or any unexpected error.
        if self._disconnected.done():
            self._disconnected = self._loop.create_future()

        self._log.info('Connection to %s complete!', self._connection)


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
reconnecting to the current connection.

Response:
async def _reconnect(self, last_error):
        """
        Cleanly disconnects and then reconnects.
        """
        self._log.debug('Closing current connection...')
        await self._connection.disconnect()

        await helpers._cancel(
            self._log,
            send_loop_handle=self._send_loop_handle,
            recv_loop_handle=self._recv_loop_handle
        )

        # TODO See comment in `_start_reconnect`
        # Perhaps this should be the last thing to do?
        # But _connect() creates tasks which may run and,
        # if they see that reconnecting is True, they will end.
        # Perhaps that task creation should not belong in connect?
        self._reconnecting = False

        # Start with a clean state (and thus session ID) to avoid old msgs
        self._state.reset()

        retries = self._retries if self._auto_reconnect else 0
        for attempt in retry_range(retries):
            try:
                await self._connect()
            except (IOError, asyncio.TimeoutError) as e:
                last_error = e
                self._log.info('Failed reconnection attempt %d with %s',
                               attempt, e.__class__.__name__)

                await asyncio.sleep(self._delay)
            except Exception as e:
                last_error = e
                self._log.exception('Unexpected exception reconnecting on '
                                    'attempt %d', attempt)

                await asyncio.sleep(self._delay)
            else:
                self._send_queue.extend(self._pending_state.values())
                self._pending_state.clear()

                if self._auto_reconnect_callback:
                    self._loop.create_task(self._auto_reconnect_callback())

                break
        else:
            self._log.error('Automatic reconnection failed {} time(s)'
                            .format(attempt))
            await self._disconnect(error=last_error.with_traceback(None))


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
starts a reconnection in the background.

Response:
def _start_reconnect(self, error):
        """Starts a reconnection in the background."""
        if self._user_connected and not self._reconnecting:
            # We set reconnecting to True here and not inside the new task
            # because it may happen that send/recv loop calls this again
            # while the new task hasn't had a chance to run yet. This race
            # condition puts `self.connection` in a bad state with two calls
            # to its `connect` without disconnecting, so it creates a second
            # receive loop. There can't be two tasks receiving data from
            # the reader, since that causes an error, and the library just
            # gets stuck.
            # TODO It still gets stuck? Investigate where and why.
            self._reconnecting = True
            self._loop.create_task(self._reconnect(error))


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
async def _send_loop(self):
        while self._user_connected and not self._reconnecting:
            if self._pending_ack:
                ack = RequestState(MsgsAck(list(self._pending_ack)), self._loop)
                self._send_queue.append(ack)
                self._last_acks.append(ack)
                self._pending_ack.clear()

            self._log.debug('Waiting for messages to send...')
            # TODO Wait for the connection send queue to be empty?
            # This means that while it's not empty we can wait for
            # more messages to be added to the send queue.
            batch, data = await self._send_queue.get()

            if not data:
                continue

            self._log.debug('Encrypting %d message(s) in %d bytes for sending',
                          len(batch), len(data))

            data = self._state.encrypt_message_data(data)
            try:
                await self._connection.send(data)
            except IOError as e:
                self._log.info('Connection closed while sending data')
                self._start_reconnect(e)
                return

            for state in batch:
                if not isinstance(state, list):
                    if isinstance(state.request, TLRequest):
                        self._pending_state[state.msg_id] = state
                else:
                    for s in state:
                        if isinstance(s.request, TLRequest):
                            self._pending_state[s.msg_id] = s

            self._log.debug('Encrypted messages put in a queue to be sent')

Response: This method is responsible for sending messages over the network.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
async def _recv_loop(self):
        while self._user_connected and not self._reconnecting:
            self._log.debug('Receiving items from the network...')
            try:
                body = await self._connection.recv()
            except IOError as e:
                self._log.info('Connection closed while receiving data')
                self._start_reconnect(e)
                return

            try:
                message = self._state.decrypt_message_data(body)
            except TypeNotFoundError as e:
                # Received object which we don't know how to deserialize
                self._log.info('Type %08x not found, remaining data %r',
                             e.invalid_constructor_id, e.remaining)
                continue
            except SecurityError as e:
                # A step while decoding had the incorrect data. This message
                # should not be considered safe and it should be ignored.
                self._log.warning('Security error while unpacking a '
                                'received message: %s', e)
                continue
            except BufferError as e:
                if isinstance(e, InvalidBufferError) and e.code == 404:
                    self._log.info('Broken authorization key; resetting')
                else:
                    self._log.warning('Invalid buffer %s', e)

                self.auth_key.key = None
                if self._auth_key_callback:
                    self._auth_key_callback(None)

                self._start_reconnect(e)
                return
            except Exception as e:
                self._log.exception('Unhandled error while receiving data')
                self._start_reconnect(e)
                return

            try:
                await self._process_message(message)
            except Exception:
                self._log.exception('Unhandled error while processing msgs')

Response: This loop is responsible for reading all incoming responses from the network and handling and dispatching the messages.


Instruction:
Can you write a function in Python 3 where it
processes a message received from the broker.

Response:
async def _process_message(self, message):
        """
        Adds the given message to the list of messages that must be
        acknowledged and dispatches control to different ``_handle_*``
        method based on its type.
        """
        self._pending_ack.add(message.msg_id)
        handler = self._handlers.get(message.obj.CONSTRUCTOR_ID,
                                     self._handle_update)
        await handler(message)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def _pop_states(self, msg_id):
        state = self._pending_state.pop(msg_id, None)
        if state:
            return [state]

        to_pop = []
        for state in self._pending_state.values():
            if state.container_id == msg_id:
                to_pop.append(state.msg_id)

        if to_pop:
            return [self._pending_state.pop(x) for x in to_pop]

        for ack in self._last_acks:
            if ack.msg_id == msg_id:
                return [ack]

        return []

Response: Pops the states known to match the given ID from pending messages.


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
async def _handle_rpc_result(self, message):
        rpc_result = message.obj
        state = self._pending_state.pop(rpc_result.req_msg_id, None)
        self._log.debug('Handling RPC result for message %d',
                      rpc_result.req_msg_id)

        if not state:
            # TODO We should not get responses to things we never sent
            # However receiving a File() with empty bytes is "common".
            # See #658, #759 and #958. They seem to happen in a container
            # which contain the real response right after.
            try:
                with BinaryReader(rpc_result.body) as reader:
                    if not isinstance(reader.tgread_object(), upload.File):
                        raise ValueError('Not an upload.File')
            except (TypeNotFoundError, ValueError):
                self._log.info('Received response without parent request: {}'
                               .format(rpc_result.body))
            return

        if rpc_result.error:
            error = rpc_message_to_error(rpc_result.error, state.request)
            self._send_queue.append(
                RequestState(MsgsAck([state.msg_id]), loop=self._loop))

            if not state.future.cancelled():
                state.future.set_exception(error)
        else:
            with BinaryReader(rpc_result.body) as reader:
                result = state.request.read_result(reader)

            if not state.future.cancelled():
                state.future.set_result(result)

Response: Handle the result of a remote procedure call.


Instruction:
Can you implement a function in Python 3 that
processes the inner messages of a container.

Response:
async def _handle_container(self, message):
        """
        Processes the inner messages of a container with many of them:

            msg_container#73f1f8dc messages:vector<%Message> = MessageContainer;
        """
        self._log.debug('Handling container')
        for inner_message in message.obj.messages:
            await self._process_message(inner_message)


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
handles a gzipped message.

Response:
async def _handle_gzip_packed(self, message):
        """
        Unpacks the data from a gzipped object and processes it:

            gzip_packed#3072cfa1 packed_data:bytes = Object;
        """
        self._log.debug('Handling gzipped data')
        with BinaryReader(message.obj.data) as reader:
            message.obj = reader.tgread_object()
            await self._process_message(message)


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
async def _handle_pong(self, message):
        pong = message.obj
        self._log.debug('Handling pong for message %d', pong.msg_id)
        state = self._pending_state.pop(pong.msg_id, None)
        if state:
            state.future.set_result(pong)

Response:
Handles pong results, which don't come inside a ``rpc_result``
        but are still sent through a request:

            pong#347773c5 msg_id:long ping_id:long = Pong;


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
async def _handle_bad_server_salt(self, message):
        bad_salt = message.obj
        self._log.debug('Handling bad salt for message %d', bad_salt.bad_msg_id)
        self._state.salt = bad_salt.new_server_salt
        states = self._pop_states(bad_salt.bad_msg_id)
        self._send_queue.extend(states)

        self._log.debug('%d message(s) will be resent', len(states))

Response: Handle a bad server salt message.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
async def _handle_bad_notification(self, message):
        bad_msg = message.obj
        states = self._pop_states(bad_msg.bad_msg_id)

        self._log.debug('Handling bad msg %s', bad_msg)
        if bad_msg.error_code in (16, 17):
            # Sent msg_id too low or too high (respectively).
            # Use the current msg_id to determine the right time offset.
            to = self._state.update_time_offset(
                correct_msg_id=message.msg_id)
            self._log.info('System clock is wrong, set time offset to %ds', to)
        elif bad_msg.error_code == 32:
            # msg_seqno too low, so just pump it up by some "large" amount
            # TODO A better fix would be to start with a new fresh session ID
            self._state._sequence += 64
        elif bad_msg.error_code == 33:
            # msg_seqno too high never seems to happen but just in case
            self._state._sequence -= 16
        else:
            for state in states:
                state.future.set_exception(
                    BadMessageError(state.request, bad_msg.error_code))
            return

        # Messages are to be re-sent once we've corrected the issue
        self._send_queue.extend(states)
        self._log.debug('%d messages will be resent due to bad msg',
                        len(states))

Response: Handle a bad message notification.


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
handle a detailed info message.

Response:
async def _handle_detailed_info(self, message):
        """
        Updates the current status with the received detailed information:

            msg_detailed_info#276d3ec6 msg_id:long answer_msg_id:long
            bytes:int status:int = MsgDetailedInfo;
        """
        # TODO https://goo.gl/VvpCC6
        msg_id = message.obj.answer_msg_id
        self._log.debug('Handling detailed info for message %d', msg_id)
        self._pending_ack.add(msg_id)


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
handle a NewSessionCreated message.

Response:
async def _handle_new_session_created(self, message):
        """
        Updates the current status with the received session information:

            new_session_created#9ec20908 first_msg_id:long unique_id:long
            server_salt:long = NewSession;
        """
        # TODO https://goo.gl/LMyN7A
        self._log.debug('Handling new session created')
        self._state.salt = message.obj.server_salt


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
async def _handle_ack(self, message):
        ack = message.obj
        self._log.debug('Handling acknowledge for %s', str(ack.msg_ids))
        for msg_id in ack.msg_ids:
            state = self._pending_state.get(msg_id)
            if state and isinstance(state.request, LogOutRequest):
                del self._pending_state[msg_id]
                state.future.set_result(True)

Response: Handle an ack from the server.


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
handles future salts from the server.

Response:
async def _handle_future_salts(self, message):
        """
        Handles future salt results, which don't come inside a
        ``rpc_result`` but are still sent through a request:

            future_salts#ae500895 req_msg_id:long now:int
            salts:vector<future_salt> = FutureSalts;
        """
        # TODO save these salts and automatically adjust to the
        # correct one whenever the salt in use expires.
        self._log.debug('Handling future salts for message %d', message.msg_id)
        state = self._pending_state.pop(message.msg_id, None)
        if state:
            state.future.set_result(message.obj)


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script for
handling a state forgotten message.

Response:
async def _handle_state_forgotten(self, message):
        """
        Handles both :tl:`MsgsStateReq` and :tl:`MsgResendReq` by
        enqueuing a :tl:`MsgsStateInfo` to be sent at a later point.
        """
        self._send_queue.append(RequestState(MsgsStateInfo(
            req_msg_id=message.msg_id, info=chr(1) * len(message.obj.msg_ids)),
            loop=self._loop))


Instruction:
Make a summary of the following Python 3 code
async def article(
            self, title, description=None,
            *, url=None, thumb=None, content=None,
            id=None, text=None, parse_mode=(), link_preview=True,
            geo=None, period=60, contact=None, game=False, buttons=None
    ):
        """
        Creates new inline result of article type.

        Args:
            title (`str`):
                The title to be shown for this result.

            description (`str`, optional):
                Further explanation of what this result means.

            url (`str`, optional):
                The URL to be shown for this result.

            thumb (:tl:`InputWebDocument`, optional):
                The thumbnail to be shown for this result.
                For now it has to be a :tl:`InputWebDocument` if present.

            content (:tl:`InputWebDocument`, optional):
                The content to be shown for this result.
                For now it has to be a :tl:`InputWebDocument` if present.
        """
        # TODO Does 'article' work always?
        # article, photo, gif, mpeg4_gif, video, audio,
        # voice, document, location, venue, contact, game
        result = types.InputBotInlineResult(
            id=id or '',
            type='article',
            send_message=await self._message(
                text=text, parse_mode=parse_mode, link_preview=link_preview,
                geo=geo, period=period,
                contact=contact,
                game=game,
                buttons=buttons
            ),
            title=title,
            description=description,
            url=url,
            thumb=thumb,
            content=content
        )
        if id is None:
            result.id = hashlib.sha256(bytes(result)).hexdigest()

        return result

Response: Create an inline result of article type.


Instruction:
Can you generate a brief explanation for the following Python 3 code
async def photo(
            self, file, *, id=None,
            text=None, parse_mode=(), link_preview=True,
            geo=None, period=60, contact=None, game=False, buttons=None
    ):
        """
        Creates a new inline result of photo type.

        Args:
            file (`obj`, optional):
                Same as ``file`` for `client.send_file
                <telethon.client.uploads.UploadMethods.send_file>`.
        """
        try:
            fh = utils.get_input_photo(file)
        except TypeError:
            fh = await self._client.upload_file(file, use_cache=types.InputPhoto)

        if not isinstance(fh, types.InputPhoto):
            r = await self._client(functions.messages.UploadMediaRequest(
                types.InputPeerSelf(), media=types.InputMediaUploadedPhoto(fh)
            ))
            fh = utils.get_input_photo(r.photo)

        result = types.InputBotInlineResultPhoto(
            id=id or '',
            type='photo',
            photo=fh,
            send_message=await self._message(
                text=text or '',
                parse_mode=parse_mode,
                link_preview=link_preview,
                geo=geo,
                period=period,
                contact=contact,
                game=game,
                buttons=buttons
            )
        )
        if id is None:
            result.id = hashlib.sha256(bytes(result)).hexdigest()

        return result

Response: Creates a new inline result of photo type.


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
async def document(
            self, file, title=None, *, description=None, type=None,
            mime_type=None, attributes=None, force_document=False,
            voice_note=False, video_note=False, use_cache=True, id=None,
            text=None, parse_mode=(), link_preview=True,
            geo=None, period=60, contact=None, game=False, buttons=None
    ):
        """
        Creates a new inline result of document type.

        `use_cache`, `mime_type`, `attributes`, `force_document`,
        `voice_note` and `video_note` are described in `client.send_file
        <telethon.client.uploads.UploadMethods.send_file>`.

        Args:
            file (`obj`):
                Same as ``file`` for `client.send_file
                <telethon.client.uploads.UploadMethods.send_file>`.

            title (`str`, optional):
                The title to be shown for this result.

            description (`str`, optional):
                Further explanation of what this result means.

            type (`str`, optional):
                The type of the document. May be one of: photo, gif,
                mpeg4_gif, video, audio, voice, document, sticker.

                See "Type of the result" in https://core.telegram.org/bots/api.
        """
        if type is None:
            if voice_note:
                type = 'voice'
            else:
                type = 'document'

        try:
            fh = utils.get_input_document(file)
        except TypeError:
            use_cache = types.InputDocument if use_cache else None
            fh = await self._client.upload_file(file, use_cache=use_cache)

        if not isinstance(fh, types.InputDocument):
            attributes, mime_type = utils.get_attributes(
                file,
                mime_type=mime_type,
                attributes=attributes,
                force_document=force_document,
                voice_note=voice_note,
                video_note=video_note
            )
            r = await self._client(functions.messages.UploadMediaRequest(
                types.InputPeerSelf(), media=types.InputMediaUploadedDocument(
                    fh,
                    mime_type=mime_type,
                    attributes=attributes,
                    nosound_video=None,
                    thumb=None
            )))
            fh = utils.get_input_document(r.document)

        result = types.InputBotInlineResultDocument(
            id=id or '',
            type=type,
            document=fh,
            send_message=await self._message(
                # Empty string for text if there's media but text is None.
                # We may want to display a document but send text; however
                # default to sending the media (without text, i.e. stickers).
                text=text or '',
                parse_mode=parse_mode,
                link_preview=link_preview,
                geo=geo,
                period=period,
                contact=contact,
                game=game,
                buttons=buttons
            ),
            title=title,
            description=description
        )
        if id is None:
            result.id = hashlib.sha256(bytes(result)).hexdigest()

        return result

Response: Creates a new inline result of a document.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function for
creating a new inline result of game type.

Response:
async def game(
            self, short_name, *, id=None,
            text=None, parse_mode=(), link_preview=True,
            geo=None, period=60, contact=None, game=False, buttons=None
    ):
        """
        Creates a new inline result of game type.

        Args:
            short_name (`str`):
                The short name of the game to use.
        """
        result = types.InputBotInlineResultGame(
            id=id or '',
            short_name=short_name,
            send_message=await self._message(
                text=text, parse_mode=parse_mode, link_preview=link_preview,
                geo=geo, period=period,
                contact=contact,
                game=game,
                buttons=buttons
            )
        )
        if id is None:
            result.id = hashlib.sha256(bytes(result)).hexdigest()

        return result


Instruction:
How would you code a function in Python 3 to
send a message to this dialog.

Response:
async def send_message(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Sends a message to this dialog. This is just a wrapper around
        ``client.send_message(dialog.input_entity, *args, **kwargs)``.
        """
        return await self._client.send_message(
            self.input_entity, *args, **kwargs)


Instruction:
Given the following Python 3 function, write the documentation
async def delete(self):
        if self.is_channel:
            await self._client(functions.channels.LeaveChannelRequest(
                self.input_entity))
        else:
            if self.is_group:
                await self._client(functions.messages.DeleteChatUserRequest(
                    self.entity.id, types.InputPeerSelf()))
            await self._client(functions.messages.DeleteHistoryRequest(
                self.input_entity, 0))

Response: Deletes the dialog from the dialog list.


Instruction:
Here you have a function in Python 3, explain what it does
def read_int(self, signed=True):
        return int.from_bytes(self.read(4), byteorder='little', signed=signed)

Response: Reads an integer ( 4 bytes ) value.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
read a long integer ( 8 bytes ) value.

Response:
def read_long(self, signed=True):
        """Reads a long integer (8 bytes) value."""
        return int.from_bytes(self.read(8), byteorder='little', signed=signed)


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 function that can
read a n - bits long integer value.

Response:
def read_large_int(self, bits, signed=True):
        """Reads a n-bits long integer value."""
        return int.from_bytes(
            self.read(bits // 8), byteorder='little', signed=signed)


Instruction:
Explain what the following Python 3 code does
def read(self, length=None):
        if length is None:
            return self.reader.read()

        result = self.reader.read(length)
        if len(result) != length:
            raise BufferError(
                'No more data left to read (need {}, got {}: {}); last read {}'
                .format(length, len(result), repr(result), repr(self._last))
            )

        self._last = result
        return result

Response: Read the given amount of bytes.


Instruction:
Can you create a Python 3 function that
reads a Telegram - encoded byte array without the need of the need of the need of the need of the of specifying its length.

Response:
def tgread_bytes(self):
        """
        Reads a Telegram-encoded byte array, without the need of
        specifying its length.
        """
        first_byte = self.read_byte()
        if first_byte == 254:
            length = self.read_byte() | (self.read_byte() << 8) | (
                self.read_byte() << 16)
            padding = length % 4
        else:
            length = first_byte
            padding = (length + 1) % 4

        data = self.read(length)
        if padding > 0:
            padding = 4 - padding
            self.read(padding)

        return data


Instruction:
Implement a function in Python 3 to
read a Telegram boolean value.

Response:
def tgread_bool(self):
        """Reads a Telegram boolean value."""
        value = self.read_int(signed=False)
        if value == 0x997275b5:  # boolTrue
            return True
        elif value == 0xbc799737:  # boolFalse
            return False
        else:
            raise RuntimeError('Invalid boolean code {}'.format(hex(value)))


Instruction:
How would you explain what the following Python 3 function does
def tgread_date(self):
        value = self.read_int()
        if value == 0:
            return None
        else:
            return datetime.fromtimestamp(value, tz=timezone.utc)

Response: Reads and converts Unix time to Python datetime object.


Instruction:
Can you tell what is the following Python 3 function doing
def tgread_object(self):
        constructor_id = self.read_int(signed=False)
        clazz = tlobjects.get(constructor_id, None)
        if clazz is None:
            # The class was None, but there's still a
            # chance of it being a manually parsed value like bool!
            value = constructor_id
            if value == 0x997275b5:  # boolTrue
                return True
            elif value == 0xbc799737:  # boolFalse
                return False
            elif value == 0x1cb5c415:  # Vector
                return [self.tgread_object() for _ in range(self.read_int())]

            clazz = core_objects.get(constructor_id, None)
            if clazz is None:
                # If there was still no luck, give up
                self.seek(-4)  # Go back
                pos = self.tell_position()
                error = TypeNotFoundError(constructor_id, self.read())
                self.set_position(pos)
                raise error

        return clazz.from_reader(self)

Response: Reads a Telegram object.


Instruction:
Create a Python 3 function to
read a list of Telegram objects.

Response:
def tgread_vector(self):
        """Reads a vector (a list) of Telegram objects."""
        if 0x1cb5c415 != self.read_int(signed=False):
            raise RuntimeError('Invalid constructor code, vector was expected')

        count = self.read_int()
        return [self.tgread_object() for _ in range(count)]


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def factorize(cls, pq):
        if pq % 2 == 0:
            return 2, pq // 2

        y, c, m = randint(1, pq - 1), randint(1, pq - 1), randint(1, pq - 1)
        g = r = q = 1
        x = ys = 0

        while g == 1:
            x = y
            for i in range(r):
                y = (pow(y, 2, pq) + c) % pq

            k = 0
            while k < r and g == 1:
                ys = y
                for i in range(min(m, r - k)):
                    y = (pow(y, 2, pq) + c) % pq
                    q = q * (abs(x - y)) % pq

                g = cls.gcd(q, pq)
                k += m

            r *= 2

        if g == pq:
            while True:
                ys = (pow(ys, 2, pq) + c) % pq
                g = cls.gcd(abs(x - ys), pq)
                if g > 1:
                    break

        p, q = g, pq // g
        return (p, q) if p < q else (q, p)

Response: Factorizes the given large integer.


Instruction:
Can you generate the documentation for the following Python 3 function
def gcd(a, b):
        while b:
            a, b = b, a % b

        return a

Response: Calculates the Greatest Common Divisor.


Instruction:
Write a Python 3 script to
create a proxy object over the current :ref:`TelegramClient` through which making requests will use :tl:`InvokeWithTakeoutRequest` to wrap them. In other words, returns the current client modified so that requests are done as a takeout: >>> from telethon.sync import TelegramClient >>> >>> with TelegramClient(...) as client: >>> with client.takeout() as takeout: >>> client.get_messages('me') # normal call >>> takeout.get_messages('me') # wrapped through takeout Some of the calls made through the takeout session will have lower flood limits. This is useful if you want to export the data from conversations or mass-download media, since the rate limits will be lower. Only some requests will be affected, and you will need to adjust the `wait_time` of methods like `client.iter_messages <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.iter_messages>`. By default, all parameters are ``None``, and you need to enable those you plan to use by setting them to either ``True`` or ``False``. You should ``except errors.TakeoutInitDelayError as e``, since this exception will raise depending on the condition of the session. You can then access ``e.seconds`` to know how long you should wait for before calling the method again. There's also a `success` property available in the takeout proxy object, so from the `with` body you can set the boolean result that will be sent back to Telegram. But if it's left ``None`` as by default, then the action is based on the `finalize` parameter. If it's ``True`` then the takeout will be finished, and if no exception occurred during it, then ``True`` will be considered as a result. Otherwise, the takeout will not be finished and its ID will be preserved for future usage as `client.session.takeout_id <telethon.sessions.abstract.Session.takeout_id>`. Args: contacts (`bool`): Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading contacts. users (`bool`): Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information from users and their private conversations with you. chats (`bool`): Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information from small group chats, such as messages and media. megagroups (`bool`): Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information from megagroups (channels), such as messages and media. channels (`bool`): Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information from broadcast channels, such as messages and media. files (`bool`): Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading media and you don't only wish to export messages. max_file_size (`int`): The maximum file size, in bytes, that you plan to download for each message with media.

Response:
def takeout(
            self, finalize=True, *, contacts=None, users=None, chats=None,
            megagroups=None, channels=None, files=None, max_file_size=None):
        """
        Creates a proxy object over the current :ref:`TelegramClient` through
        which making requests will use :tl:`InvokeWithTakeoutRequest` to wrap
        them. In other words, returns the current client modified so that
        requests are done as a takeout:

        >>> from telethon.sync import TelegramClient
        >>>
        >>> with TelegramClient(...) as client:
        >>>     with client.takeout() as takeout:
        >>>         client.get_messages('me')  # normal call
        >>>         takeout.get_messages('me')  # wrapped through takeout

        Some of the calls made through the takeout session will have lower
        flood limits. This is useful if you want to export the data from
        conversations or mass-download media, since the rate limits will
        be lower. Only some requests will be affected, and you will need
        to adjust the `wait_time` of methods like `client.iter_messages
        <telethon.client.messages.MessageMethods.iter_messages>`.

        By default, all parameters are ``None``, and you need to enable those
        you plan to use by setting them to either ``True`` or ``False``.

        You should ``except errors.TakeoutInitDelayError as e``, since this
        exception will raise depending on the condition of the session. You
        can then access ``e.seconds`` to know how long you should wait for
        before calling the method again.

        There's also a `success` property available in the takeout proxy
        object, so from the `with` body you can set the boolean result that
        will be sent back to Telegram. But if it's left ``None`` as by
        default, then the action is based on the `finalize` parameter. If
        it's ``True`` then the takeout will be finished, and if no exception
        occurred during it, then ``True`` will be considered as a result.
        Otherwise, the takeout will not be finished and its ID will be
        preserved for future usage as `client.session.takeout_id
        <telethon.sessions.abstract.Session.takeout_id>`.

        Args:
            contacts (`bool`):
                Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading contacts.

            users (`bool`):
                Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information
                from users and their private conversations with you.

            chats (`bool`):
                Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information
                from small group chats, such as messages and media.

            megagroups (`bool`):
                Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information
                from megagroups (channels), such as messages and media.

            channels (`bool`):
                Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading information
                from broadcast channels, such as messages and media.

            files (`bool`):
                Set to ``True`` if you plan on downloading media and
                you don't only wish to export messages.

            max_file_size (`int`):
                The maximum file size, in bytes, that you plan
                to download for each message with media.
        """
        request_kwargs = dict(
            contacts=contacts,
            message_users=users,
            message_chats=chats,
            message_megagroups=megagroups,
            message_channels=channels,
            files=files,
            file_max_size=max_file_size
        )
        arg_specified = (arg is not None for arg in request_kwargs.values())

        if self.session.takeout_id is None or any(arg_specified):
            request = functions.account.InitTakeoutSessionRequest(
                **request_kwargs)
        else:
            request = None

        return _TakeoutClient(finalize, self, request)


Instruction:
How would you implement a function in Python 3 that
ends a takeout with specified result sent back to Telegram.

Response:
async def end_takeout(self, success):
        """
        Finishes a takeout, with specified result sent back to Telegram.

        Returns:
            ``True`` if the operation was successful, ``False`` otherwise.
        """
        try:
            async with _TakeoutClient(True, self, None) as takeout:
                takeout.success = success
        except ValueError:
            return False
        return True