__author__ = "tylin"
__version__ = "2.0"
# Interface for accessing the Microsoft COCO dataset.

# Microsoft COCO is a large image dataset designed for object detection,
# segmentation, and caption generation. pycocotools is a Python API that
# assists in loading, parsing and visualizing the annotations in COCO.
# Please visit http://mscoco.org/ for more information on COCO, including
# for the data, paper, and tutorials. The exact format of the annotations
# is also described on the COCO website. For example usage of the pycocotools
# please see pycocotools_demo.ipynb. In addition to this API, please download both
# the COCO images and annotations in order to run the demo.

# An alternative to using the API is to load the annotations directly
# into Python dictionary
# Using the API provides additional utility functions. Note that this API
# supports both *instance* and *caption* annotations. In the case of
# captions not all functions are defined (e.g. categories are undefined).

# The following API functions are defined:
#  COCO       - COCO api class that loads COCO annotation file and prepare data structures.
#  decodeMask - Decode binary mask M encoded via run-length encoding.
#  encodeMask - Encode binary mask M using run-length encoding.
#  getAnnIds  - Get ann ids that satisfy given filter conditions.
#  getCatIds  - Get cat ids that satisfy given filter conditions.
#  getImgIds  - Get img ids that satisfy given filter conditions.
#  loadAnns   - Load anns with the specified ids.
#  loadCats   - Load cats with the specified ids.
#  loadImgs   - Load imgs with the specified ids.
#  annToMask  - Convert segmentation in an annotation to binary mask.
#  showAnns   - Display the specified annotations.
#  loadRes    - Load algorithm results and create API for accessing them.
#  download   - Download COCO images from mscoco.org server.
# Throughout the API "ann"=annotation, "cat"=category, and "img"=image.
# Help on each functions can be accessed by: "help COCO>function".

# See also COCO>decodeMask,
# COCO>encodeMask, COCO>getAnnIds, COCO>getCatIds,
# COCO>getImgIds, COCO>loadAnns, COCO>loadCats,
# COCO>loadImgs, COCO>annToMask, COCO>showAnns

# Microsoft COCO Toolbox.      version 2.0
# Data, paper, and tutorials available at:  http://mscoco.org/
# Code written by Piotr Dollar and Tsung-Yi Lin, 2014.
# Licensed under the Simplified BSD License [see bsd.txt]

import json
import gzip
import time
import numpy as np
import copy
import itertools
from pycocotools import mask as maskUtils
import os
from collections import defaultdict
import sys

PYTHON_VERSION = sys.version_info[0]
if PYTHON_VERSION == 2:
    from urllib import urlretrieve
elif PYTHON_VERSION == 3:
    from urllib.request import urlretrieve


def _isArrayLike(obj):
    return hasattr(obj, "__iter__") and hasattr(obj, "__len__")


class COCO:
    def __init__(self, annotation_file=None, areaThreshold=None):
        """
        Constructor of Microsoft COCO helper class for reading and visualizing annotations.
        :param annotation_file (str): location of annotation file
        :param image_folder (str): location to the folder that hosts images.
        :return:
        """
        # load dataset
        self.dataset, self.anns, self.cats, self.imgs = dict(), dict(), dict(), dict()
        self.imgToAnns, self.catToImgs = defaultdict(list), defaultdict(list)
        self.areaThreshold = areaThreshold
        if not annotation_file == None:
            opener = gzip.open if str(annotation_file).endswith('.gz') else open
            with opener(annotation_file, "rt", encoding='utf-8') as f:
                dataset = json.load(f)
            assert (
                type(dataset) == dict
            ), "annotation file format {} not supported".format(type(dataset))
            self.dataset = dataset
            self.createIndex()

    def createIndex(self):
        # create index
        anns, cats, imgs = {}, {}, {}
        imgToAnns, catToImgs = defaultdict(list), defaultdict(list)
        if "images" in self.dataset:
            for img in self.dataset["images"]:
                imgs[img["id"]] = img

        if "annotations" in self.dataset:
            for ann in self.dataset["annotations"]:
                img = imgs[ann["image_id"]]
                if "area" in ann:
                    ratio = ann["area"] / (img["width"] * img["height"])
                    if self.areaThreshold is not None and ratio < self.areaThreshold:
                        continue
                    ann["visibility"] = ratio
                imgToAnns[ann["image_id"]].append(ann)
                anns[ann["id"]] = ann

            imgs = {k: v for k, v in imgs.items() if k in imgToAnns}

        if "categories" in self.dataset:
            for cat in self.dataset["categories"]:
                cats[cat["id"]] = cat

        if "annotations" in self.dataset and "categories" in self.dataset:
            # for ann in self.dataset["annotations"]:
            for ann in anns.values():
                catToImgs[ann["category_id"]].append(ann["image_id"])

        # create class members
        self.anns = anns
        self.imgToAnns = imgToAnns
        self.catToImgs = catToImgs
        self.imgs = imgs
        self.cats = cats

    def info(self):
        """
        Print information about the annotation file.
        :return:
        """
        for key, value in self.dataset["info"].items():
            print("{}: {}".format(key, value))

    def getAnnIds(self, imgIds=[], catIds=[], areaRng=[], iscrowd=None):
        """
        Get ann ids that satisfy given filter conditions. default skips that filter
        :param imgIds  (int array)     : get anns for given imgs
               catIds  (int array)     : get anns for given cats
               areaRng (float array)   : get anns for given area range (e.g. [0 inf])
               iscrowd (boolean)       : get anns for given crowd label (False or True)
        :return: ids (int array)       : integer array of ann ids
        """
        imgIds = imgIds if _isArrayLike(imgIds) else [imgIds]
        catIds = catIds if _isArrayLike(catIds) else [catIds]

        if len(imgIds) == len(catIds) == len(areaRng) == 0:
            anns = self.dataset["annotations"]
        else:
            if not len(imgIds) == 0:
                lists = [
                    self.imgToAnns[imgId] for imgId in imgIds if imgId in self.imgToAnns
                ]
                anns = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(lists))
            else:
                anns = self.dataset["annotations"]
            anns = (
                anns
                if len(catIds) == 0
                else [ann for ann in anns if ann["category_id"] in catIds]
            )
            anns = (
                anns
                if len(areaRng) == 0
                else [
                    ann
                    for ann in anns
                    if ann["area"] > areaRng[0] and ann["area"] < areaRng[1]
                ]
            )
        if not iscrowd == None:
            ids = [ann["id"] for ann in anns if ann["iscrowd"] == iscrowd]
        else:
            ids = [ann["id"] for ann in anns]
        return ids

    def getCatIds(self, catNms=[], supNms=[], catIds=[]):
        """
        filtering parameters. default skips that filter.
        :param catNms (str array)  : get cats for given cat names
        :param supNms (str array)  : get cats for given supercategory names
        :param catIds (int array)  : get cats for given cat ids
        :return: ids (int array)   : integer array of cat ids
        """
        catNms = catNms if _isArrayLike(catNms) else [catNms]
        supNms = supNms if _isArrayLike(supNms) else [supNms]
        catIds = catIds if _isArrayLike(catIds) else [catIds]

        if len(catNms) == len(supNms) == len(catIds) == 0:
            cats = self.dataset["categories"]
        else:
            cats = self.dataset["categories"]
            cats = (
                cats
                if len(catNms) == 0
                else [cat for cat in cats if cat["name"] in catNms]
            )
            cats = (
                cats
                if len(supNms) == 0
                else [cat for cat in cats if cat["supercategory"] in supNms]
            )
            cats = (
                cats
                if len(catIds) == 0
                else [cat for cat in cats if cat["id"] in catIds]
            )
        ids = [cat["id"] for cat in cats]
        return ids

    def getImgIds(self, imgIds=[], catIds=[]):
        """
        Get img ids that satisfy given filter conditions.
        :param imgIds (int array) : get imgs for given ids
        :param catIds (int array) : get imgs with all given cats
        :return: ids (int array)  : integer array of img ids
        """
        imgIds = imgIds if _isArrayLike(imgIds) else [imgIds]
        catIds = catIds if _isArrayLike(catIds) else [catIds]

        if len(imgIds) == len(catIds) == 0:
            ids = self.imgs.keys()
        else:
            ids = set(imgIds)
            for i, catId in enumerate(catIds):
                if i == 0 and len(ids) == 0:
                    ids = set(self.catToImgs[catId])
                else:
                    ids &= set(self.catToImgs[catId])
        return list(ids)

    def loadAnns(self, ids=[]):
        """
        Load anns with the specified ids.
        :param ids (int array)       : integer ids specifying anns
        :return: anns (object array) : loaded ann objects
        """
        if _isArrayLike(ids):
            return [self.anns[id] for id in ids]
        elif type(ids) == int:
            return [self.anns[ids]]

    def loadCats(self, ids=[]):
        """
        Load cats with the specified ids.
        :param ids (int array)       : integer ids specifying cats
        :return: cats (object array) : loaded cat objects
        """
        if _isArrayLike(ids):
            return [self.cats[id] for id in ids]
        elif type(ids) == int:
            return [self.cats[ids]]

    def loadImgs(self, ids=[]):
        """
        Load anns with the specified ids.
        :param ids (int array)       : integer ids specifying img
        :return: imgs (object array) : loaded img objects
        """
        if _isArrayLike(ids):
            return [self.imgs[id] for id in ids]
        elif type(ids) == int:
            return [self.imgs[ids]]

    def showAnns(self, anns, draw_bbox=False):
        """
        Display the specified annotations.
        :param anns (array of object): annotations to display
        :return: None
        """
        if len(anns) == 0:
            return 0
        if "segmentation" in anns[0] or "keypoints" in anns[0]:
            datasetType = "instances"
        elif "caption" in anns[0]:
            datasetType = "captions"
        else:
            raise Exception("datasetType not supported")
        if datasetType == "instances":
            import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
            from matplotlib.collections import PatchCollection
            from matplotlib.patches import Polygon

            ax = plt.gca()
            ax.set_autoscale_on(False)
            polygons = []
            color = []
            for ann in anns:
                c = (np.random.random((1, 3)) * 0.6 + 0.4).tolist()[0]
                if "segmentation" in ann:
                    if type(ann["segmentation"]) == list:
                        # polygon
                        for seg in ann["segmentation"]:
                            poly = np.array(seg).reshape((int(len(seg) / 2), 2))
                            polygons.append(Polygon(poly))
                            color.append(c)
                    else:
                        # mask
                        t = self.imgs[ann["image_id"]]
                        if type(ann["segmentation"]["counts"]) == list:
                            rle = maskUtils.frPyObjects(
                                [ann["segmentation"]], t["height"], t["width"]
                            )
                        else:
                            rle = [ann["segmentation"]]
                        m = maskUtils.decode(rle)
                        img = np.ones((m.shape[0], m.shape[1], 3))
                        if ann["iscrowd"] == 1:
                            color_mask = np.array([2.0, 166.0, 101.0]) / 255
                        if ann["iscrowd"] == 0:
                            color_mask = np.random.random((1, 3)).tolist()[0]
                        for i in range(3):
                            img[:, :, i] = color_mask[i]
                        ax.imshow(np.dstack((img, m * 0.5)))
                if "keypoints" in ann and type(ann["keypoints"]) == list:
                    # turn skeleton into zero-based index
                    sks = np.array(self.loadCats(ann["category_id"])[0]["skeleton"]) - 1
                    kp = np.array(ann["keypoints"])
                    x = kp[0::3]
                    y = kp[1::3]
                    v = kp[2::3]
                    for sk in sks:
                        if np.all(v[sk] > 0):
                            plt.plot(x[sk], y[sk], linewidth=3, color=c)
                    plt.plot(
                        x[v > 0],
                        y[v > 0],
                        "o",
                        markersize=8,
                        markerfacecolor=c,
                        markeredgecolor="k",
                        markeredgewidth=2,
                    )
                    plt.plot(
                        x[v > 1],
                        y[v > 1],
                        "o",
                        markersize=8,
                        markerfacecolor=c,
                        markeredgecolor=c,
                        markeredgewidth=2,
                    )

                if draw_bbox:
                    [bbox_x, bbox_y, bbox_w, bbox_h] = ann["bbox"]
                    poly = [
                        [bbox_x, bbox_y],
                        [bbox_x, bbox_y + bbox_h],
                        [bbox_x + bbox_w, bbox_y + bbox_h],
                        [bbox_x + bbox_w, bbox_y],
                    ]
                    np_poly = np.array(poly).reshape((4, 2))
                    polygons.append(Polygon(np_poly))
                    color.append(c)

            p = PatchCollection(polygons, facecolor=color, linewidths=0, alpha=0.4)
            ax.add_collection(p)
            p = PatchCollection(
                polygons, facecolor="none", edgecolors=color, linewidths=2
            )
            ax.add_collection(p)
        elif datasetType == "captions":
            for ann in anns:
                print(ann["caption"])

    def loadRes(self, resFile):
        """
        Load result file and return a result api object.
        :param   resFile (str)     : file name of result file
        :return: res (obj)         : result api object
        """
        res = COCO()
        res.dataset["images"] = [img for img in self.dataset["images"]]

        if type(resFile) == str or (PYTHON_VERSION == 2 and type(resFile) == unicode):
            with open(resFile) as f:
                anns = json.load(f)
        elif type(resFile) == np.ndarray:
            anns = self.loadNumpyAnnotations(resFile)
        else:
            anns = resFile
        assert type(anns) == list, "results in not an array of objects"
        annsImgIds = [ann["image_id"] for ann in anns]
        assert set(annsImgIds) == (
            set(annsImgIds) & set(self.getImgIds())
        ), "Results do not correspond to current coco set"
        if "caption" in anns[0]:
            imgIds = set([img["id"] for img in res.dataset["images"]]) & set(
                [ann["image_id"] for ann in anns]
            )
            res.dataset["images"] = [
                img for img in res.dataset["images"] if img["id"] in imgIds
            ]
            for id, ann in enumerate(anns):
                ann["id"] = id + 1
        elif "bbox" in anns[0] and not anns[0]["bbox"] == []:
            res.dataset["categories"] = copy.deepcopy(self.dataset["categories"])
            for id, ann in enumerate(anns):
                bb = ann["bbox"]
                x1, x2, y1, y2 = [bb[0], bb[0] + bb[2], bb[1], bb[1] + bb[3]]
                if not "segmentation" in ann:
                    ann["segmentation"] = [[x1, y1, x1, y2, x2, y2, x2, y1]]
                ann["area"] = bb[2] * bb[3]
                ann["id"] = id + 1
                ann["iscrowd"] = 0
        elif "segmentation" in anns[0]:
            res.dataset["categories"] = copy.deepcopy(self.dataset["categories"])
            for id, ann in enumerate(anns):
                # now only support compressed RLE format as segmentation results
                ann["area"] = maskUtils.area(ann["segmentation"])
                if not "bbox" in ann:
                    ann["bbox"] = maskUtils.toBbox(ann["segmentation"])
                ann["id"] = id + 1
                ann["iscrowd"] = 0
        elif "keypoints" in anns[0]:
            res.dataset["categories"] = copy.deepcopy(self.dataset["categories"])
            for id, ann in enumerate(anns):
                s = ann["keypoints"]
                x = s[0::3]
                y = s[1::3]
                x0, x1, y0, y1 = np.min(x), np.max(x), np.min(y), np.max(y)
                ann["area"] = (x1 - x0) * (y1 - y0)
                ann["id"] = id + 1
                ann["bbox"] = [x0, y0, x1 - x0, y1 - y0]

        res.dataset["annotations"] = anns
        res.createIndex()
        return res

    def download(self, tarDir=None, imgIds=[]):
        """
        Download COCO images from mscoco.org server.
        :param tarDir (str): COCO results directory name
               imgIds (list): images to be downloaded
        :return:
        """
        if tarDir is None:
            print("Please specify target directory")
            return -1
        if len(imgIds) == 0:
            imgs = self.imgs.values()
        else:
            imgs = self.loadImgs(imgIds)
        N = len(imgs)
        if not os.path.exists(tarDir):
            os.makedirs(tarDir)
        for i, img in enumerate(imgs):
            tic = time.time()
            fname = os.path.join(tarDir, img["file_name"])
            if not os.path.exists(fname):
                urlretrieve(img["coco_url"], fname)
            print(
                "downloaded {}/{} images (t={:0.1f}s)".format(i, N, time.time() - tic)
            )

    def loadNumpyAnnotations(self, data):
        """
        Convert result data from a numpy array [Nx7] where each row contains {imageID,x1,y1,w,h,score,class}
        :param  data (numpy.ndarray)
        :return: annotations (python nested list)
        """
        assert type(data) == np.ndarray
        assert data.shape[1] == 7
        N = data.shape[0]
        ann = []
        for i in range(N):
            ann += [
                {
                    "image_id": int(data[i, 0]),
                    "bbox": [data[i, 1], data[i, 2], data[i, 3], data[i, 4]],
                    "score": data[i, 5],
                    "category_id": int(data[i, 6]),
                }
            ]
        return ann

    def annToRLE(self, ann):
        """
        Convert annotation which can be polygons, uncompressed RLE to RLE.
        :return: binary mask (numpy 2D array)
        """
        t = self.imgs[ann["image_id"]]
        h, w = t["height"], t["width"]
        segm = ann["segmentation"]
        if type(segm) == list:
            # polygon -- a single object might consist of multiple parts
            # we merge all parts into one mask rle code
            rles = maskUtils.frPyObjects(segm, h, w)
            rle = maskUtils.merge(rles)
        elif type(segm["counts"]) == list:
            # uncompressed RLE
            rle = maskUtils.frPyObjects(segm, h, w)
        else:
            # rle
            rle = ann["segmentation"]
        return rle

    def annToMask(self, ann):
        """
        Convert annotation which can be polygons, uncompressed RLE, or RLE to binary mask.
        :return: binary mask (numpy 2D array)
        """
        rle = self.annToRLE(ann)
        m = maskUtils.decode(rle)
        return m