LVIII Aerotitis Program in the Fifteenth Air Force

Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology


Acute appendicitis; a consideration of certain problems.

Medical bulletin of the U. S. Army, Europe. United States. Army, Europe. Medical Division


Redefining the role of clinical nurse specialists.


Cancer and precancerous lesions of the colon.


Effect of small amounts of methylmercury on embryogenesis and certain biochemical indices


Supporting women after domestic violence Hilary Abrahams Supporting women after domestic violence Jessica Kingsley 160 £19.99 9781843104315 1843104318


The family physician is necessary.


"The poor man's riches, the rich man's bliss": regimen, reform, and the Journal of Health, 1829-1833.


Training of a medical batallion using special tactical instructions


Therapeutic management of constitutional spasmophilia


Dealing with stress: Human cytomegalovirus maintains translation in cells under adverse conditions


The surgical treatment of Hirschsprung's disease.

Philippine journal of surgery and surgical specialties


Effects of rapid changes in blood volume on arterial and venous pressure. Experimental studies.


Colloidal microgels as (trans)dermal drug delivery systems.


Treatment of metastases of laryngeal carcinoma

Archivio italiano di otologia, rinologia e laringologia


A case of malathion intoxication in a ten year old girl.

The Journal of the Indiana State Medical Association


Biochemical changes in the horny layer in psoriasis.

Transactions of the St. John's Hospital Dermatological Society


On the 1934 Epidemic of Cérébro Spinal Meningitis in the Ranyo Province of Formosa.

Journal of the Medical Association of Formosa


[Military-medical expert testimony after surgical restoration of the integument].


Value of systematic breast examination in gynecology


Clinical forms of goiter


Letter: A danger of old medications?


UK 24-item Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit questionnaire: satisfaction scores and received questionnaires


Editorial: The status of universal licensure.


CD-atlas of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS

Abstract: Genital anatomy and dermatological examination syphilus chancroid chlamydia granuloma inguilae gonorrhea genital mycoplasms pelvic inflammatory disease vaginal infections HIV and AIDS genital herpes genital human papollomarvirus hepatitus sexually transmitted infections in infants chiildren and adolescents selection and evaluation of tests and quality control media, raegents, test procedures, stains.


[Clinical implications of high blood viscosity and its reduction bu photo-hemotherapy].


[Otogenic intracranial complications: current assessment of some aspects of the problem].


[A study of left ventricular function in normal persons and patients with old myocardial infarction with three dimensional echocardiography (3-DE)].


A response to: what is professional nursing practice?


An infant with a cervical injury sometimes requires stabilization with a halo while surgery or the injury heals.


ROENTGENOLOGICAL STUDY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF VASOMOTOR RHINITIS


Improved methods for the surgical treatment of nonparasitic liver cysts

Klinichna khirurhiia / Ministerstvo okhorony zdorov'ia Ukraïny, Naukove tovarystvo khirurhiv Ukraïny


[Fundamentals of lower extremity thrombophlebitis; complex management].


"Informed consent" and disclosure of risks in medical treatment: some recent developments.


Thyrotoxicosis during pegylated interferon therapy in a patient with chronic hepatitis C virus.


The newer antimicrobials.

The Journal of the Singapore Paediatric Society


Unexpected And Interrupted Transitions Among Newly Licensed Registered Nurses: Perspectives Of Nurse Managers And Preceptors


Work of the polyclinic in prophylactic examinations


Divorce in medical practice: helping patients through the process.


[Artificial insemination with husband's sperm in infertile marriages].


A community school and hospital future nurse endeavor.


How managed care organizations contribute to improved diabetes outcomes.


Basic steps in film making.


Immunomodulating properties of antitumor antibiotics


The relation of the knee muscle strength with performance tests in orienteering athletes.

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness


Risk and prophylaxis acute pancreatitis while enteral tube feeding in patients operated for destructive cholecystitis


120th anniversary of St. Luke's Hospital.


[Myoclonic epilepsy with periodic, subintrant and prolonged seizures].


Propranolol and cimetidine.

Verhandelingen - Koninklijke Academie voor Geneeskunde van België


Isolated congenital aplasia of the anterior hypophysis and neonatal hypoglycemia. Report of a case with review of the literature


Internship in South Africa.


Reduction by clonidine of pressor responses induced by 4-aminopyridine and phencyclidine

Research communications in substance abuse


EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN ONCOLOGIC SURGERY ON ABDOMINAL ORGANS

Abstract: The use of epidural anesthesia (EA) in 75 patients during abdominal surgery has revealed a number of advantages of EA over endotracheal anesthesia. EA reduces the consumption of analgesics and myorelaxants and the time of postoperative artificial ventilation of lungs as well as offers more qualitative analgesia.


Correlation of APD and SCOCT in Optic Neuropathy


Progress in obstetrics during the first half of the 20th century


Evolution of therapies in deep vein thrombosis management


Psychatric Nurses Perception of the Effect of Recreation Therapy in Psychiatric Nursing


[Long-term results of splenectomy in children with closed injuries of the spleen].


A novel method of cystoplasty after cystectomy in cancer


Technology-Based Interventions


The cryptic error of nondisease: the hidden power of prevalence of disease.

Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia


The treatment of inveterate combined injuries to the tendons of the deep flexors of the fingers and to the nerves of the hand


Near fatal angioedema associated with captopril.


Re: Safety of epidural infusion mixtures using the Polybag.


Students and staff involved in anatomy courses in UK and Ireland: data from the ASGBI questionnaire


Prevention of ventricular fibrillation in the normothermic and hypothermic heart. III. The advantage of quinidine over atrio-caval block.


Diagnostic value of determining hexokinase activity of leukocytes in ischemic heart disease


Current objectives of public health in the Ukraine with regard to improving medical services to women and children in the 12th Five Year Plan


Treatment with hyposulfite of gonorrhea resistant to sulfanilamides


The clinical experience and natural course of peritoneal catheter exit site infection among continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients


Diagnosis of pulmonary cancer by means of examination of tumoral tissue


Physician as photographer


SOME INDICES OF THE ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PNEUMONIAS WITH A VARIED COURSE


Assessment of the effectiveness of a diet developed and optimized for the fat component in children with arterial hypertension and varied body weight in the sanatorium settings


randomized multicenter study mitoxantrone and cytarabine for the treatment of acute leukemias: a Combination of quinine as a potential reversing agent with


Bourns monitor battery pack hazard.


Number of living children and attitude towards female sterilisation


Health economics baseline questionnaire


A model for the study of the ototoxic effects of drugs in an experiment


The comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act of 1971--what it means to health professions schools


Recurrent torsion of the spermatic cord


Homicide by Shooting Confirmed Spectrographically in Skeletal Remains


Incidence of detection and the class of paraproteins in hematological patients

Problemy gematologii i perelivaniia krovi


[Serum anti-protease activity in the evaluation of results of proton hypophysectomy].


Platelet transfusions for bleeding during coronary artery bypass graft surgery.


[Features of the status of the hemostatic system during post-abortion endometritis].


The effects of prolonged mild hypothermia on neurogenesis following transient focal cerebral ischemia


Viewpoint: What doctors can learn from airlines

Abstract: In light of the current economic recession, patients must realize that many doctors will begin to charge for goods and services that up until now have been free and taken for granted.


Laser therapy for diseases of the eye.


Chinese patients with transient ischemic attacks.

Abstract: In 123 cases of transient ischemic attacks, 72 were followed up for 22 years. The percentage of complete stroke was 46.5% and the fatality rate 47.9%. Causes of death, survival rate by life table, limitation of indication of neurovascular surgical operation and rehabilitation of survived patients were studied. The causes of death were mainly cerebral strokes. The long-term follow-up showed that the range for neurovascular surgical operation was limited to only 17.9%. The 95% confidence interval of the 20-year survival rate was 17.7-53.6%. Ninety-four, 48 and 44 cases were examined by B-mode Doppler tomography, cerebral CT scanning and echocardiography, respectively.


Anaemia in pregnancy in an aboriginal population.

Abstract: 278 Orang Asli women seen at the Gombak Hospital from June 18 1971 to June 2 1972 participated in a study of anemia in pregnancy in an aboriginal population. Blood samples were taken when the patient was 1st seen at the Hospital and hemoglobin was estimated by the cyan hemoglobin method. 10 g% or below was considered anemia. 71 (25.5%) had levels below 10 g%. These patients were further investigated for dietary habits stool examination for ova and cysts blood for blood film morphology screening for malarial parasites and in certain patients hemoglobin electrophoresis. In 243 patients additional data at subsequent deliveries were recorded. There was a prevalence of anemia in the jungle population of 2.7% and 29% in the outside population. Jungle people consume a fairly well balanced diet while outside people are exposed to money values and have little purchasing power. Only 5.6% had anemia of a severity of less than 6 g% hemoglobin. 54% of the anemic patients had mixed blood picture of hypochromic and hyperchromic pattern. 5.6% had a pure microcytic hypochromic pattern and 38.1% had a hyperchromic pattern. 54.9% of the anemic patients were gravida 5 and above. Major causes of anemia in this group were: malnutrition helminthic infestations and hemolysis. Evidence to indicate that anemia in pregnancy predisposes the Orang Asli women to increased blood loss at delivery smaller babies or to increased fetal loss was not shown.

The Journal of tropical medicine and hygiene


Gastrin level in the blood in peptic ulcers after gastric resection


[Autopsy and histochemical analysis: report of a case of silicosis treated with tetrandrine].

Chinese journal of tuberculosis and respiratory diseases


Effect of textile factory effluent on otolith and somatic growth parameters in Clarias gariepinus

Abstract: Are otolith parameters more sensitive than somatic indices in detecting stress conditions in fish? This question was investigated using juvenile-sized Clarias gariepinus in a 30-day exposure bioassay to a textile factory effluent. A series of static bioassays were initially conducted with concentrations of 0.00-40.00% and the 96hr LC50 value derived by probit analysis was 20.06%. Nominal concentrations of the LC50 values (6.69%, 3.34% and 2.23%) and control (0.00%) were used in a static/renewal bioassay. The differential growth in saggittal otolith and somatic parameters across exposure concentrations were examined by taking somatic and otolith morphometric measurements. Effluent samples and exposure concentrations were analyzed for some physico-chemical parameters while effluent samples were also analyzed for cyanide and heavy metals: Pb, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Cd, As and Cr. The weight of the right otolith of lower exposure concentrations (0.00, 2.23, 3.34%) was significantly heavier (p<0.05) than those of the highest exposure concentration (6.69%). No other significant differences were observed across somatic and otolith parameters examined. Effluent sample was characterised by low DO, high TS, TDS and TSS while exposure concentrations and effluent sample had alkaline pH and BOD and COD values that exceeded the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMNEV) limits for effluents discharged into surface waters. The values of Cr and cyanide also exceeded FMNEV limits. These constituents may elicit adverse environmental and public health effects if continued and unregulated discharge of effluents is not restricted. The relative sensitivity of otolith parameters over somatic parameters, and the relative sensitivity between otolith parameters were demonstrated. The suitability of otolith weight as a probable early-detector of stress in natural environments is suggested. Keywords: otolith, somatic indices, textile factory effluent, Clarias gariepinus.


Electrodeposited, GMR CoNiFeCu Nanowires and Nanotubes from Electrolytes Maintained at Different Temperatures

Abstract: Nanowires and nanotubes with modulated composition to realize a magnetoresistance effect were potentiostatically electrodeposited into alumina nanoporous templates. The multilayers were modulated between a Co-rich alloy and a Cu layer. The structure was characterized by electron microscopy. Deposits obtained from room temperature and 50°C electrolytes were nanowires, and a giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of up to 20% was observed. Chilling the electrolyte to 4°C resulted in nanotubes with a modulated structure. The current-potential behavior was examined with voltammetry and pulse transients. As expected, the cathodic current density increases with electrolyte temperature, although less obvious is the unfavorable anodic component, resulting during the transition between depositing the magnetic layer and a copper layer, which changes with time and differs with variable electrolyte temperature.


Fabrication methods for performance improvement of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 thin film solar cells

Abstract: Two advanced fabrication methods are introduced: the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-added chemical bath deposition technique and molybdenum (Mo) back-contact formation under 3 kW sputter power. The parameters of the short circuit current density (J SC) and conversion efficiency (η) were improved over standard cells when the ZnS buffer layer was deposited in the H2O2-added chemical solution. Otherwise, the fill-factor and η were best at 3 kW Mo sputtering power conditions. Advanced fabrication methods are realised to improve cell performance without modifying the chemical composition of the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorption layer.


Substituted 1,3,4-thiadiazoles with anticonvulsant activity. 3. Guanidines [Erratum to document cited in CA106(19):156365r]


A CASSCF/MRCI study of the electronic spectrum of transition metal compounds with low-lying metal to ligand charge transfer states


Manifestation of Exciton-Lattice Interaction in J-Aggregates

Abstract: The inverse correlation between the exciton-lattice interaction strength and the exciton delocalization length is shown for dielectric organic nanoclusters – J-aggregates. Since the exciton delocalization length defines all optical properties of J-aggregates, it allows one to control them via the exciton-lattice interaction. We demonstrate the exciton self-trapping suppression in amphi-PIC J-aggregates as a result of the exciton-lattice interaction weakening due to the formation of a surfactant shell around J-aggregates. The control over optical properties via the exciton-lattice interaction for other types of J-aggregates is discussed.


Alkyne and Nitrile as η2(3e) Ligands in [Tris(pyrazolyl)borato]niobium(I) Complexes. Synthesis, Structure, and Coupling Reaction

Abstract: Treatment of the 4e-alkyne complex [Tp*Nb(CO)2(PhCCMe)] with the nitrile RCN (R = Ph, Me, Et) yields the first mixed 3e-alkyne−η2(3e)-nitrile complexes, [Tp*Nb(CO)(PhCCMe)(RCN)], which have been spectroscopically and structurally characterized. Upon addition of HBF4, the protonated coupling product [Tp*Nb(F)(CPhCMeCPhNH)] (R = Ph) is formed.


Anomalous etch rates of photoresist with argon dilution of CF4/O2 plasma afterglows

Abstract: It is shown that the downstream etching of a photoresist with CF4/O2 mixtures can be enhanced by a factor of at least 2 with addition of argon to the gas mixture. Analysis of the oxygen and fluorine atom densities with gas‐phase magnetic resonance downstream of the discharge suggests that argon metastables alter the homogeneous chemistry for fluorine atom production as well as the heterogeneous chemistry of photoresist chain scission.


Optical properties of dilute silver-indium alloys in the ultraviolet


Effect of preparation parameters on the catalytic nature of potassium promoted CuCoCr higher alcohol catalysts

Abstract: Abstract The catalytic activity and selectivity for synthesis gas conversion to higher alcohols over potassium-promoted copper-cobalt-chromium oxide catalysts have been studied as a function of preparation parameters. Specifically, the effects of (i) metal salts used as precursors, (ii) the amount of citric acid used as a “complexant”, (iii) the amoun calcination temperature have been studied. Alcohol selectivities as great as 70 wt.-% have been achieved where the C 2 and higher alcohols account for 50 wt.-% to 60 wt.-% of the alcohols produced. Special attention must be paid to calcination temperature and, to a lesser extent, the other parameters mentioned.


Tuning the helical twisting power of nematic liquid crystals induced by chiral 1,2-propanediol derivatives using varied substituents

Abstract: Abstract In this study, a novel series of chiral 1,2-propanediol derivatives with different electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and 1 H NMR. The helical twisting properties of all the chiral dopants were investigated by doping the chiral dopants into a nematic liquid crystal host (SLC-1717). The results indicate that the donor–acceptor electron effect have a prominent influence on helical twisting property of the chiral nematic phase induced by the chiral dopants. Introducing electron-withdrawing groups into the terminal ends of chiral 1,2-propanediol can decrease the absolute values of the helical twisting power. In addition, the helix inversion temperatures of the induced chiral nematic phase are variational with the change of terminal groups.


Whey Powder, Broken Rice Grains and Passion Fruit Peel Flour in Extruded Breakfast Cereals: Physical, Chemical and Functional Characteristics


MineralogynConcepts Description Determinations

Abstract: This edition of Mineralogy: Concepts, Descriptions, Determinations is a major revision of the first edition, published in 1959. As was true for the 1959 edition, this edition is intended primarily to serve as a textbook for a first course in mineralogy. In addition, it should also serve as a useful reference for geologists, petrologists, pedologists, solid state physicists, and others who use crystallography or mineralogy as a keystone for their professional deliberations.


Universal Ti-rich termination of atomically flat SrTiO3 (001), (110), and (111) surfaces

Abstract: We have studied the surface termination of atomically flat SrTiO3 surfaces treated by chemical etching and subsequent thermal annealing, for all commercially available orientations (001), (110), and (111). Atomic force microscopy confirms that our treatment processes produce unit cell steps with flat terrace structures. We have also determined the topmost atomic layer of SrTiO3 surfaces through time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. We found that all three orientations exhibit a Ti-rich surface. Our observation opens doors for interface engineering along the [110] and [111] directions in addition to a well known [100] case, which widens the range of functional heterostructures and interfaces.


Method of determining catalyst lifetime in the cracking reaction of tar from wood pyrolysis

Abstract: Abstract In the cracking reaction of tar from wood, the poisoning of the catalysts is mainly due to the deposition of a thin layer of carbon on the catalyst surface. At a given time of the reaction, the gas produced can then be considered as a mixture of two gases, one formed on the initial catalytic surface and the other on a carbon surface. The heating value of such a gas has been related to the constant rate of the surface poisoning as a function of time. From this relationship it has been possible to compare catalyst lifetimes by calculating, in our particular experimental conditions, the time, te , necessary for the active surface of a catalyst to be half poisoned and, at this time, to evaluate the mass of tar pyrolysed per gram of catalyst. Calcium based catalysts (Ca(CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 deposited on a graphitized carbon black, Graphon, and dolomite) have proven to have the highest lifetime. Zn-, Cu- and Mg-based catalysts have the lowest lifetimes. Ni and Ca salt-based catalysts seems to have the best catalytic activity.

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis


Carbon Dioxide Capture Properties of One-Dimensional Nanoporous Octahedral Molecular Sieve

Abstract: We have performed first-principles density functional theory calculations, incorporated with van der Waals interactions, to study CO2 adsorption and diffusion in nanoporous solid – OMS2 (Octahedral Molecular Sieve). We found the charge, type, and mobility of a cation, accommodated in a porous OMS-2 material for structural stability, can affect not only the OMS-2 structural features but also CO2 sorption performance. This paper targets K+, Na+, and Ba2+ cations. First-principles energetics and electronic structure calculations indicate that Ba2+ has the strongest interaction with the OMS-2 porous surface due to valence electrons donation to the OMS-2 and molecular orbital hybridization. However, the Ba-doped OMS-2 has the worst CO2 uptake capacity. We also found evidence of sorption hysteresis in the Kand Nadoped OMS-2 materials.


Material properties and processing in the production of fuel cell components: I. Hydrogen anodes from Raney nickel for lightweight alkaline fuel cells

Abstract: The production steps of Raney nickel based, PTFE bonded hydrogen anodes for alkaline fuel cells are examined. The Raney nickel catalyst has been made by leaching the nickel aluminium alloy and additional stabilization. The electrode is fabricated by mixing the catalyst with copper oxide for enhancing electronic conductivity and aqueous PTFE emulsion as a hydrophobic binder. Each process step, starting from the nickel aluminium alloy is described and the physical properties of catalyst and electrode are evaluated. At an overpotential of 100 mV the optimized hydrogen anode exhibits at negligable excess hydrogen pressure (1·02bars) a current density of nearly 400 mA cm−2 at 80°C in 30 wt% KOH. Long term performance test shows that electrode overpotential of more than 60 mV should be avoided. A life time of 5000 hrs at 50°C and a current density of 100 mA cm−2 has been proven.


College chemistry students' understanding of potential energy in the context of atomic-molecular interactions

Abstract: Understanding the energy changes that occur as atoms and molecules interact forms the foundation for understanding the macroscopic energy changes that accompany chemical processes. In order to identify ways to scaffold students' understanding of the connections between atomic–molecular and macroscopic energy perspectives, we conducted a qualitative study of students' conceptualization of potential energy at the atomic–molecular level. We used semi-structured interviews and open-ended surveys to explore how students understand potential energy and use the idea of potential energy to explain atomic–molecular interactions in simple systems. Findings suggest that undergraduate chemistry students may rely on intuitive interpretations of potential energy, incorrect interpretations of curricular definitions (including the idea that potential energy represents stored energy) and heuristics rather than foundational understandings of the relationships between atomic–molecular structure, electrostatic forces and energy. Thus, we suggest that more explicit attention to the nature and role of potential energy in the undergraduate chemistry curriculum may be needed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 51: 789–808, 2014


High-temperature interactions of transition-metal carbides with Na2SO4

Abstract: Abstract The high-temperature (900–1200 K) interaction of transition-metal carbides namely Cr 7 C 3 , Fe 3 C, TiC, ZrC, NbC, TaC, MoC, WC, VC and HfC with Na 2 SO 4 has been studied in a stream of pure and dried oxygen gas. Thermogravimetric studies were carried out by measuring the weight change as a function of time and mole fraction of Na 2 SO 4 in the reaction mixture. The presence of different constituents in the reaction products were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis and the morphologies of the reaction products were discussed on the basis of metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The quantitative determination of soluble metal species in the aqueous solutions of Na 2 SO 4 -transition-metal carbide products was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy. At high temperatures, transition-metal carbides interact with Na 2 SO 4 , forming metal oxides. The resulting metal oxide interacts with Na 2 SO 4 forming a soluble sodium metal oxide or a metal sulphide depending upon the local condition prevailing during the reaction.


Conditions under which CsI can cause SCC failure of zircaloy tubing

Abstract: Abstract To determine whether CsI can be dissociated by the action of an oxygen potential and, therefore, can cause low-ductility failure of Zircaloy cladding due to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), out-of-pile creep rupture and burst tests were performed. The oxygen potential in the tube specimens was established by various metal/metal oxide systems or O/U ratios of the UO 2+ x . The test parameters were selected in such a manner that burst temperatures of about 700°C were obtained. The results of the isothermal creep rupture tests with UO 2+ x of various O U ratios showed that at initial oxygen potentials as high as −230 kJ/mol O 2 (which corresponds to an O U ratio of about 2.04 at 700°C), the CsI dissociates sufficiently to cause iodine-induced low-ductility cladding failure. When the oxygen potential was set by Mo/MoO 2 mixtures, sufficient dissociation of CsI took place at much lower oxygen potentials of about −400 kJ/mol O 2 . With respect to the CsI dissociation both the formation of Cs oxides and the possible formation of complex compounds such as Cs uranate and Cs molybdate must be considered. Under these conditions, the I from the CsI behaved like elemental iodine. That is, iodine-induced low-ductility failure of the Zircaloy-4 tubing due to SCC occurred when the fission-product element iodine was present as either elemental I or as CsI.


Reduction Process of CO2 Emissions by Treating With Waste Concrete via an Artificial Weathering Process

Abstract: A new process of treatment of waste concrete for reduction of CO2 emission is proposed. The process is based on a physical weathering reaction accelerated by acetic acid. The main part of the process was comprised of the following two steps: (1) extraction of Ca2+ from waste concrete particles by acetic acid in the form of calcium acetate, ::: ::: $$\begin{gathered} 3CaO \cdot Si{O_2} \cdot 3{H_2}O \cdot 3Ca{(OH)_2} + 12C{H_3}COOH \hfill \\ \to 6C{a^{2 + }} + 12C{H_3}CO{O^ - } + 3Si{O_2} + 12{H_2}O \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ ::: ::: (1) ::: ::: and (2) deposition of calcium carbonate particles (CaCO3) by CO2 injection into the calcium acetate solution. Acetic acid will be released in the deposition step, and recycled to the extraction step.

Environmental Challenges and Greenhouse Gas Control for Fossil Fuel Utilization in the 21st Century


Improvement of Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) depending on Thickness of GDC Electrolyte of LT-SOFCs

Abstract: It has been considered to apply GDC (Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1-X ) for low-temperature SOFC electrolytes because it has higher ionic conductivity than YSZ at low temperature. However, open circuit voltage with using GDC (Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 1-X ) electrolyte in SOFCs, becomes lower than using YSZ (8 ㏖% Yttria stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte because GDC has electronic conductivity. In this work, the effect of changing GDC electrolyte thickness on the open circuit voltage has been investigated. Ni-GDC anode-supported unit cells were fabricated as follows. Mixed NiO-GDC powders were pressed and pre-sintered at 1200℃. And then, GDC electrolyte material was dip-coated on the anode and sintered at 1400℃. Finally the LSCF-GDC cathode material was screen-printed on the electrolyte and sintered at 1000℃. Electrolyte thickness was controlled by the number of dip-coating times. Open circuit voltage was measured depending on electrolyte thickness at 650℃ and found that the thicker GDC electrolyte was, the better OCV was.


Growth and characterization of titanite (CaTiSiO5) single crystals by the floating zone method

Abstract: Abstract Single crystals of titanite (CaTiSiO 5 ) were grown by the floating zone method using an infrared heating furnace. The single crystals, which were crack-free, dark blue and about 5 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, were obtained in a nitrogen atmosphere. The grown crystals had a stoichiometric composition of CaTiSiO 5 . The titanite crystals underwent a reversible phase transition at 235 ±5°C; they were monoclinic with a space group of P2 1 /a at 20°C and became A2/a above 235°C. The dielectric constant ∈ was measured between 25 and 300°C; ∈ is 41.7 at 25°C and increased toits maximum value of 446 at 235°C.


Concentrated Gas-in-Liquid Emulsions in Artificial Media. I. Demonstration by Laser-Light Scattering

Abstract: Experiments revealed that aqueous suspensions of saturated monoglycerides (with acyl chain lengths over 10 carbons) combined with cholesterol and cholesterol derivatives readily formed concentrated gas-in-water emulsions when shaken vigorously (in an air atmosphere). Using laser-based flow cytometry and forward-angle light scattering (detection limit = 0.3 µm), the calculated concentration of synthetic microbubbles in the filtered sample is approximately 7 × 105 microbubbles/ml. Further measurements also indicated that very slow dissolution of the newly formed, surfactant-coated microbubbles does continue for a period. Moreover, this gradual rate of dissolution of the artificial microbubbles can apparently be increased somewhat by circulating the liquid.


Intradiffusion coefficients of all species in aqueous gallium perchlorate solutions and solution viscosities at 25°C

Abstract: Intradiffusion coefficients of all species (cation, anion and solvent) and viscosities have been measured for aqueous solutions of gallium perchlorate in the concentration range 0–2.3 mol-kg−1 at 25°C. The perchlorate ion intradiffusion measurements were made using36ClO 4 − as the tracer species in diaphragm cell experiments. The development of a method to synthesize36ClO 4 − from36Cl− by electrolysis is described. The perchlorate intradiffusion coefficients results show a concentration dependence that is very similar to that for D(Cl−) in corresponding trivalent metal chloride solutions. A simple hydration analysis based on all the transport results estimates a total (effective) cation hydration for gallium within a 0–2 mol-kg−1 range of 10 (±1.5).


Water vapor transport properties during staling of bread crumb and crust as affected by heating rate

Abstract: Abstract In order to develop a mathematical model to simulate mass transfer occurring between the crumb and the crust during bread staling, water vapor sorption properties, i.e., moisture diffusivity, WVP and sorption of bread crumb and crust were investigated at 15 °C. Two types of bread baked with two heating rates (7.39 °C/min and 6.32 °C/min) were considered. Sorption and desorption isotherms were determined using Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS) and FF and GAB models were applied in the range of 0–0.95 aw, to fit isotherm curves. Diffusivity was determined from sorption isotherms by using Fick's law and WVP was measured by two methods (gravimetric and from sorption data). Results exhibited maximum values of Deff in the range of 0.1 and 0.14 g/g d.b. moisture contents. They varied between 0.88 × 10− 10 and 0.92 × 10− 10 m2/s for the crust and between 2.24 × 10− 10 and 2.64 × 10− 10 m2/s for the crumb, baked respectively at 220 °C and 240 °C. Results of WVP showed that the crust baked at 240 °C was significantly more permeable than the crust baked at 220 °C. This fact was attributed to the difference in porosity and the molecular structure due to heating effects. Also, the presence of steam in the oven atmosphere enhanced the development of higher porosity in the crust, leading to different structures and properties. Moreover, SEM images showed that starch granules were intact and less swelled in the upper crust when baking at 240 °C, resulting in higher WVP.


E.S.R. spectra and covalency of bis(biguanide) copper (II) complexes

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry


Sequential hypersonic dampings due to fast ion diffusion and structural relaxation in (AgI)x(AgPO3)1−x ionic liquids

Abstract: Abstract We report the novel observations that in the liquid states of fast ion conducting glasses two independent relaxation processes can be distinguished by Brillouin scattering. Spectra of the (AgI) x (AgPO 3 ) 1−x systems have been studied between x=0 and 0.5 and above 0.4 reveal two independent hypersonic phonon damping mechanisms attributed to structural relaxation and to Ag + diffusion. With increasing AgI content, the absorption due to mobile Ag + shifts to lower temperatures in accordance with conductivity relaxation time data. The results imply that we have observed for the first time the liquid state equivalent of the mobile cation internal friction peak well known from the lower frequency mechanical studies on other ion conducting glasses. The relaxation strength of the fast ion diffusion mode is found to be considerably smaller than that of structural relaxation.


Destruction of the nano-size solid particles under femtosecond laser pulse action

Abstract: The results of both analytical and numerical study of the optical damage of a solid nano-size particle, partly ionized by ::: an ultra-short laser pulse (USLP) are presented. The comparison of the results that has been obtained analytically and ::: numerically shows that the proposed method allows to describe the main features of nano-particle damage induced by ::: Coulomb forces, that arise in solid due to the charge equilibrium distortion under USLP action. ::: The kinetics of energy spectra of the spreading ions has been analyzed taking into account the Coulomb repulsive forces ::: and the retarding processes that restrict ion motion inside the particle.

International Conference on Advanced Optical Materials and Devices


Efficiency of beta-nucleating agents in propylene/alpha-olefin copolymers

Abstract: Crystallization and melting behavior of beta-nucleated ::: propylene/1-pentene random copolymers were studied. Samples with ::: different comonomer content were nucleated with the calcium salt of suberic acid. The WAXS, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and polarized light microscopy (PLM) measurements showed that morphological behavior of the beta-nucleated copolymers is similar to that of the ::: homopolymer, but the rate of crystallization and the characteristic ::: temperatures decrease with increasing pentene content. Crystallization ::: at low temperatures and lower chain regularity lead to the formation of ::: imperfect crystal structures with high instability, which enables the ::: study of structural perfection processes like PP'or ::: betaalpha-recrystallization during partial melting. The PLM studies ::: proved that the critical crossover temperature T(betaalpha) decreases ::: with increasing pentene content. The effect of comonomer content on the ::: critical recooling temperature (T-R*), as well as on the equilibrium ::: melting point of the beta-form (T-m(o)) was also investigated. However, ::: in our case, the linear Hoffman -Weeks method proved to be unsuitable ::: for the accurate determination of T-m(o).


Ion-induced changes in semiconductor properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract: Abstract Undoped, phosphorus doped (n-type), and boron doped (p-type) hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin films are irradiated with 3.0 MeV protons, 100 keV protons, and 2.8 MeV silicon ions, and the electric conductivity variations as a function of ion fluence are investigated. The Seebeck coefficient variations as a function of ion fluence are also investigated and are compared to the electric conductivity variations. As a result, a systematic interpretation of radiation effects on a-Si:H semiconductors is obtained. In the fluence regime of below 10−6 dpa, the increase in electric conductivity and the emergence of negative Seebeck effect are observed in the undoped a-Si:H because of donor-center generation. In the fluence regime from 10−6 dpa to 10−4 dpa, the decrease in electric conductivity and the decrease in absolute value of Seebeck coefficient are observed in the doped a-Si:H, since the carrier removal effect is caused by radiation defects, which are thought to be mainly dangling bonds. In the fluence regime of above 10−4 dpa, the increase in electric conductivity caused by the enhancement of hopping transport via localized states is observed. The absolute value of Seebeck coefficient of doped a-Si:H decreases in this fluence regime, whereas no Seebeck effect is observed in the undoped a-Si:H.

Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B-beam Interactions With Materials and Atoms


Liquid phase alkylation of phenol with 1-octene over large pore zeolites

Abstract: Abstract A comparative study is presented of the liquid phase alkylation of phenol with 1-octene over different zeolite catalysts: H-beta (BEA(15)), H-mordenite (MOR(11)) and H-USY (FAU(15)). A wide spectrum of monoalkylated products, identified as isomers of phenyl octyl ether ( O -alkylate) and octyl phenol ( C -alkylate), was formed in the reaction. The reaction was studied in detail over BEA(15), such studies included the influence of process variables such as temperature, reactant mole ratio, catalyst amount and alkali metal (K) poisoning on its performance in the alkylation reaction. A kinetic analysis of the reaction over BEA(15) was also carried out assuming a second order parallel reaction mechanism. The activity of the different catalysts for the reaction followed the order: BEA(15) > FAU(15) > MOR(11). The poisoning of BEA(15) with potassium resulted in a decrease in the catalyst activity concomitant with a decrease in the number of strong acid centres in the catalyst.


The Route of Thermohydrolysis Resulting in Tubular Alumina Forms


Terpenoids—LXIX

Abstract: Abstract The absolute configuration of (+) 3- p -tolylbutanoic acid 2 (V) previously derived by the molecular rotation method has been confirmed by the conversion of (−) 3-phenylbutanoic acid 3 4 (VIII) to the (−) dicarboxylic acid (XII) enantiomeric with the oxidation product of the acid (V). The absolute configuration of (+) 4- p -tolylpentanoic acid (XIX) is established on the basis of its synthesis from V. The absolute configuration of (−) α-curcumene (XXI and XXII), has been derived by considering the sign of rotation of the 4- p -tolylpentanoic acid obtained on degradation and confirmed by a synthesis of the enantiomeric (+) α-curcumene from (+) 3- p -tolylbutanoic acid (V). The absolute configuration of (+) γ-curcumene 5 (XXIV) has been established by considering the sign of rotation of the 4- p -tolylpentanoic acid derived from it. The absolute configuration suggested by previous workers for (+) 4- p -tolyl-1-pentanol 6 (XXVI) on the basis of calculations using the conformational asymmetry model has been confirmed.


Comparison of the adsorption of lead by activated carbons from three lignocellulosic precursors

Abstract: Abstract Three activated carbons samples produced from Guava seeds, Tropical almond shells and Dinde stones were prepared by physical activation. The activated carbons have surface areas of around 1000 m 2 g −1 and high micropore volumes of around 0.40 cm 3 g −1 . They were studied for the removal of lead from water in batch mode. Sorption studies were performed at different temperatures, initial pH, initial concentrations and adsorbent doses. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 6 for an adsorbent dose of 0.5 g L −1 . The sorption is favorable until an initial lead concentration of 90 mg L −1 for the activated carbons from Almond and Guava and only 25 mg L −1 for that of Dinde. The most favorable temperature is 30 °C for the activated carbons from Dinde and Almond with, 40 °C being favored by the one from Guava. The kinetic data were modelled with, the results showing that the Bangham model best describes the kinetics of the Almond and Dinde activated carbons and the Elovich model that of activated carbon from Guava seeds. Sorption equilibrium studies were conducted in a concentration range of lead from 0 to 230 mg L −1 and the isotherms were also modelled. The Khan equation gives the best fit for the sorption equilibrium data for the activated carbon from Almond, the Langmuir–Freundlich equation for the one derived from Dinde and the Redlich-Peterson for the activated Guava seeds carbon. Finally, the thermokinetic parameters were evaluated. With a maximum amount of lead adsorbed as high as 50 (Dinde), 96 (Guava) and 112 mg g −1 (Almond), these three activated carbons can be considered as efficient adsorbents for the remediation of lead from water.


Ash deposition characteristics of Moolarben coal and its blends during coal combustion

Abstract: We report a systematic and comprehensive laboratory investigation of the ash deposition behavior of Moolarben (MO) coal, which has recently begun to be imported into Korea. Ash deposition experiments were conducted in a drop tube reactor, and a water-cooled ash deposit probe was inserted into the reactor to affix the ash. The tests were conducted using five types of single coals (two bituminous and three sub-bituminous, including MO coal) and blended coals (bituminous coal blended with sub-bituminous coal). Two indices represent ash deposition behavior: capture efficiency and energy-based growth rate. A thermomechanical analysis evaluated the melting behavior of the resulting ash deposits. The MO coal had the least ash deposition of the single coals due to its high melting temperature, indicated by high ash silica content. Indonesian sub-bituminous coals formed larger ash deposits and were sticky at low temperatures due to relatively high alkali content. However, blends with MO coal had greater ash deposition than blends with other bituminous coals. This non-additive behavior of MO coal blends is likely due to interactions between ash particles. Coals with higher silica content more effectively retain alkali species, resulting in lower melting temperatures and larger ash deposits. Therefore, we recommend that when blending in a boiler, silica-rich coals (SiO2>80%, SiO2/Al2O3> 5) should be blended with relatively low-alkali coals (Na2O+K2O<3%), and the blending ratio of the silica-rich coals indicates less than 10%, which can safely operate the boiler.


Extractives from the Meliaceae and Melianthaceae, and investigations into enamine chemistry.


Electrochemical investigation of coordination compounds

Abstract: Abstract The complexes [Co(CO) 3 L] 2 , Hg[Co(CO) 3 L] 2 , HgCo 2 (CO) 8− n L n and Ni(CO) 4− n L n (L = PR 3 , P(OR) 3 ) have been reduced electrochemically. The E 1 2 values of the reduction processes are dependent on L and n . These values can be related to the ΔHNP values of the ligands and to the CO stretching frequency of the molecules. The results can be interpreted in terms of either kinetic or thermodynamic factors.


Structure and optical properties of Si and SiGe layers grown on SiO2 by chemical vapor deposition

Abstract: Abstract The properties of thin Si and SiGe layers grown on SiO 2 by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were studied using transmission electron and atomic force microscopies, and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The layers with a composition of Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 become composed of nanocrystals with an average size of about 100 nm at growth temperatures of 550 °C which is significantly lower than that for the pure Si layers. Moreover, the Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 layers exhibit a broad PL peak centered at 0.8 eV, whereas the bandgap of unstrained Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 is about 1 eV. This indicates that PL occurs through deep energy levels in the bandgap, which can be associated with crystal defects. The predominance of deep-level PL in radiative emission can be the result of a high concentration of defects that appear due to a low growth temperature.


On problems of reducing energy consumption for irradiation of flue gas in the electron beam gas treatment technology

Abstract: Abstract The electron beam (EB) flue gas treatment technology is presented as a combination of radiation chemical transformations and phase transitions. Some theoretical and experimental evidence is presented which suggests that there are two mechanisms to substantially reduce the energy consumption for gas irradiation: droplet mechanism and a mechanism related to specific EB current density (current-mechanism). Both the mechanisms are based on chain reactions of oxidation. The 100,000 m 3 /h Slavyanskaya Electron Beam Industrial Plant (developed by our Institute “Energostal”, being built in Ukraine) is described. The plant design is aimed at solving the two main problems of the EB scrubbing technology: reduction of energy consumption for irradiation (using a droplet mechanism) and more reliable collection of salt particles (using wet particles collectors). The paper is devoted to EB flue gas treatment technology to remove SO 2 and NO x from flue gas, its present status and the prospects of its further development and optimization, special attention being paid to reduction of energy consumption.


Drying Oils and Resins - Oxygen-Convertible Alkyd Resins from Glycerol Alpha-Allyl Ether


Adsorption of Monomethyl Phosphate to the Goethite (-FeOOH)/water Interface


Chapter 2 Determination of Drugs and Their Metabolites in Biological Samples by Fully Automated Hplc with on-line Solid-Liquid Extraction and Pre-Column Switching

Abstract: Publisher Summary High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is an efficient method of chromatographic separation. As its reliability and automation have steadily increased, it is becoming more and more useful for rapidly separating mixtures whose components differ greatly in polarity. It has made possible to carry out qualitative and quantitative determinations of low-volatility or chemically unstable compounds that cannot be analyzed by other chromatographic techniques (such as, gas chromatography) or first have to be derivatized that is both troublesome and time-consuming. HPLC has been found to be suitable for the separation, quantitative determination, and preparative isolation of drugs and their metabolites in biological samples, such as plasma, serum, synovial fluid, bile, urine, saliva, milk, faeces, and animal tissues. Reversed-phase HPLC makes it possible to quantitate drugs together with their highly polar and sometimes conjugated metabolites after their extraction from the biological matrix. Such determinations are carried out on an ever-increasing scale, because the authorities have made them mandatory, as in the preclinical and clinical testing of new drugs.


F19 Nuclear Acoustic Resonance in Impurity Doped RbMnF3

Abstract: An experimental study of the F19 nuclear acoustic resonance abosrption spectrum of RbMnF3 doped with K++, Mg++, Co++, Ni++ and Fe++ impurities in the antiferromagnetic phase is presented. The spectra are interpreted as arising from only those nuclear sites in the immediate vicinity of a symmetry breaking impurity ion or crystal defect.


Rapid Determination of the Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water with the Use of High-Temperature Solid-Electrolyte Cells

Abstract: A new procedure is proposed for the determination of the oxidazibility of organic and inorganic matter in water (an analogue of the chemical oxygen demand (COD)). The procedure is based on high-temperature oxidation in a controlled binary oxygen–inert gas mixture and the determination of the amount of oxygen consumed for oxidation in a solid-electrolyte cell. A new design for the setup is presented as a monoblock with a vertical sample introduction into the reactor. A sampler of the immersion type is proposed. It has been found that the detection limit obtained with the use of this setup is 5 mg O2/L.


Effect of styrene-butadiene rubber with different macrostructures and functional groups on the dispersion of silica in the compounds

Abstract: In this study, the effects of high vinyl solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) containing different macrostructures and chain-end functional groups were investigated with respect to the dispersion of silica in the compounds. The microstructures and functional groups of three polymers were analyzed by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). According to the 1H NMR analysis, the star-shaped SSBR-E has a relatively higher numbers of ethoxy group in the polymer chain. All compounds showed good silica dispersion based on transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation. According to analysis of the Payne effect, longer mixing times showed better dispersion of silica in the rubber compounds, and functional group differences in the SSBR also had an effect on the degree of silica dispersion that led to a decrease in storage modulus. In particular, the compound with star-shaped polymer containing ethoxy silyl groups showed the lowest storage modulus due to a higher number of functional groups compared to the other polymers. The abrasion resistance was closely related to the silica dispersion as well as the filler-rubber interaction. The abrasion loss decreased slightly when the mixing time was extended; however, this significantly decreased when the number of functional groups in the polymer chain was increased. Accordingly, the star-shaped polymer containing higher numbers of the functional group contributed to a better dispersion of silica in the compound. Mixing time was also considered as an important parameter to improve dispersion of silica and for reduction of silica flocculation in the rubber compounds.


Effect of Pr doping on catalytic properties of oxide ion conductor, Zr–Nd–O, for soot oxidation

Abstract: Effects of incorporation of Pr into Zr–Nd oxides possessing high oxide ion conductivity on catalytic soot oxidation have been investigated. In carbon oxidation under isotopic oxygen flow, Pr doping facilitates desorption of active lattice oxygen via oxygen exchange reaction, and this improves the carbon oxidation rate. Redox reaction of incorporated Pr (Pr4+ to Pr3+) hardly occurs under both reductive and oxidative conditions. Pr doping presents mixed hole and oxide–ion conductivity, and the hole conduction becomes more dominant with increasing Pr content. Therefore, the generation of electron hole in the oxygen incorporation step and its recombining with electron in the oxygen desorption step seems to enhance the participation of active lattice oxygen in carbon oxidation and improve the catalytic oxidation performance.


Electroluminescent Poly(quinoline)s and Metalloquinolates

Abstract: Over the last two decades, poly(quinoline)s have become the subject of intense research as electroluminescent materials, for example organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), thanks to their superior physical properties such as high electron mobility, photoluminescent efficiency, and stability. In this review, we outline the current research efforts on the employment of poly(quinoline)s and their closely related metallated analogs as materials for organic light‐emitting diodes. We will describe in detail the advantages and disadvantages of current poly(quinoline) systems, and suggest strategies to overcome current challenges that limit their use in OLEDs.


Quantitative ion implantation: The practice

Abstract: Abstract Quantitative ion implantation is finding increasing application in the preparation of a unique type of reference standard for instrumental analysis, as well as for other tasks in which accurate microgram or submicrogram quantities of a chemical element or one of its isotopes are required. A high-resolution electromagnetic isotope separator is used to supply the high-purity ion beam for implantation into the solid host. The implantation itself takes place inside a purpose-designed “implantation camera”. The present paper describes and discusses the practical side of the process, including essential ion beam properties, secondary emission, the design and use of the implantation camera, and its applications.

International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics


Interatomic Potential Development

Abstract: Molecular dynamics and kinetic Monte Carlo rely on models for energies of particular atomic arrangements: the interatomic potential. These methods are entirely dependent on the accuracy of these potentials. This chapter reviews the theory behind interatomic potentials for transition metals and alloys, magnetic, covalent, and ionic materials. We explain the mathematical constraints on pairwise forcefield which make them fail for real materials. We then cover approximate electronic structure methods (nearly free electron, tight binding, and atomic orbitals) and show how they can be parameterized to remove electronic degrees of freedom, giving appropriate forms for interatomic potentials. Finally, we present some examples.


Polymer Reaction. 9. Effect of Polymer-Bound Chromium on Oxidative Pyrolysis of Poly(propylene)


NOTE OF THE STRAIN OF AN IRON RING BY MAGNETIZATION


Palladium catalysed cascade cycloaddition reactions. General concepts and illustrative examples.

Abstract: Abstract A general palladium catalysed cycloaddition strategy is proposed involving initial oxidative - addition of alkyl -, aryl - and vinyl - halides to Pd(O)


On Soret Convection in Binary and Pseudo-Binary Liquid Mixtures

Abstract: Soret convection in binary ethanol-water ::: mixtures and a pseudo-binary microemulsion is experimentally ::: investigated by means of velocity amplitude measurements and flow ::: field visualisation. The results for the molecular binary mixtures ::: with both positive and negative Soret coupling are found to be in ::: excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Concerning the ::: microemulsion, the onset and the dynamics of convective motion in ::: the Soret regime is determined by the very small diffusivity of the ::: micellar pseudo-phase, i.e. extremely slow concentration ::: relaxation, and a particularly large positive separation ratio. ::: Therefore, the temperature and concentration fields effectively ::: decouple and convection is initiated by a local instability of the ::: concentration boundary layer. Approaching the critical region of ::: the lower consolute point of the microemulsion, the concentration ::: boundary layer is further intensified leading to localised phase ::: separation well apart from the critical point. Thereby, the ::: experimental access to the critical region is intrinsically limited ::: in presence of a temperature gradient.


PHOSPHONIUM SALT IONIC LIQUIDS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS

Abstract: A survey of substitution reactions conducted in a phosphonium bistriflimide ionic liquid is presented. The results demonstrate high selectivity favoring substitution over typically competitive elimination and solvolytic processes even when challenging secondary and tertiary electrophiles are employed. The first reports of Kornblum substitution reactions in an ionic liquid are described that proceed with very high chemoselectivity in favor of nitro over nitroso products and elimination side products. The structurereactivity study indicates that these reactions proceed through a narrow spectrum of pathways ranging from straight SN2 to a preassociation pathway along a saddle point that approaches the SN 1 limit. The lack of any basic entity in the phosphonium bistriflimide ionic liquid appears to prevent any potential basemediated elimination reactions, which makes this a highly selective medium for use in general substitution reactions. A general, high yielding procedure is described for the esterification of carboxylic acids through carboxylate alkylation in phosphonium salt ionic liquid. The product ester can be readily isolated using a standard extraction protocol or by direct solvent freedistillation allowing ionic liquid re-use. The reaction takes place at relatively low temperature in comparison to other processes reported in ionic liquids. Biologically important BZE (benzoate) esters were synthesized and a proposed solvolysis mechanism investigated in ionic liquids. The Pd-mediated Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction of aryl halides in phosphonium salt ionic liquid consisting of a trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation with a range of anions has been investigated. A pronounced anionic effect was uncovered with the


A new type of inorganic separator for alkaline silver batteries


Mild chlorination of aromatic compounds with tin(IV) chloride and lead tetraacetate

Abstract: SnCl4/Pb(OAc)4 acts as a safe source of Cl2 for the chlorination of aromatic compounds. A variety of aromatic compounds are effectively chlorinated with SnCl4/Pb(OAc)4 under mild conditions. The mixture is a selective chlorinating agent, particularly with polyalkylbenzenes, polycyclic aromatic compounds and anisoles.


Synthesis and characterization of α-{3-[(2,3-dihydroxy)propoxy]propyl}-ω-butyl-polydimethylsiloxanes

Abstract: Abstract Hydrosilylation has been carried out between Si–H terminated polydimethylsiloxanes with narrow molecular weight distribution and protected 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol, and after subsequently alcoholyzed, α-{3-[(2,3-dihydroxy)propoxy]propyl}-ω-butyl-polydimethylsiloxanes with varying number of ((Si(CH 3 ) 2 -O) unit were obtained. At each step, the produced compounds were carefully characterized. The results showed that each step was successfully carried out and target products were achieved.


Direct measurement of stoichiometry of the structure H argon gas hydrate synthesized at high pressure

Abstract: For the first time the composition of a high-pressure gas hydrate has been studied analytically. The experimentally determined composition of the argon hydrate of hexagonal structure III (structure H) is Ar· (3.27±0.17)H2O, with the hydrate being stable in the range of pressures 460–770 MPa. The new results confirm the reliability of previous results based on the refinement of argon hydrate structures using neutron powder diffraction data and help to elucidate the evolution of hydrate structures in Ar-H2O system under high pressures.


Crystal Structure of an Unstable Monoclinic Form of Dinitrogen Tetroxide.


Infrared thermal analysis of polyurethane block polymers

Abstract: Abstract Infrared (IR) thermal analysis was used to study the extent, distribution, and the thermal behavior of hydorgen bonding in MDI-based segmented polyurethane elastomers. Two series of polyurethane elastomers were studied; one was based on a polytetrahydrofuran soft segment (ET series), while the second was based on a poly(tetramethylene adipate) soft segment (ES series). The hard segment in these materials was formed form p, p′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) extended with butanediol. Bonded and free NH and C=O infrared absorbances were resolved as a function of temperature using a nonlinear least squares analysis for the fitting of Gaussian curve shapes. Results of this analysis revealed that at room temperature, about 80% of the NH groups in the ET and ES polyurethanes formed hydrogen bonds. In the ET polyurethanes, about 65% of the urethane carbonyls were hydrogen-bonded at room temperature. The extent of interurethane hydrogen bonding was found to be higher in the materials having better pha...

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B


Robust Multiobjective Optimization Applied to Optimal Control Problems Using Differential Evolution

Abstract: Robust optimization is an approach for modeling optimization problems under uncertainty where the modeler aims at finding decisions that are optimal for the worst-case realization of the uncertainties within a given set of values. Typically, the original uncertain optimization problem is converted into an equivalent deterministic form, called the robust counterpart, using strong duality arguments and then solved by standard optimization algorithms. A methodology is proposed for the treatment of optimal control problems applying the multiobjective optimization differential evolution algorithm associated with the concept of mean effective for the insertion of robustness. The results obtained with applications in chemical systems demonstrate that the method conveyed is configured as an interesting approach for the solution of robust optimization problems.


UK — Bio-/haemocompatibility and sensors


Специфика определения органических веществ педогенной природы в почвах техногенных ландшафтов Кузбасса.

Александрович

Abstract: It is known that transformation of organic substances to humus in soils is caused by Red-Ox processes development. In case of natural soils as a result of these processes incoming organic matter has biogenic nature, but in soils of man-caused landscapes to compounds of lithogenic origin add to these substances. Later lithogenic and biogenic substances conversion in the result of Red-Ox processes proceeds by two ways. The first is paedogenic transformation or humification by which humus compounds are produced. The second is chemical oxidation or chemogenic transformation in results of which humus matter is not forming, but organic substances like humus are able to be generated. Component composition of humus formed in such conditions has complicated structure which determines heterogeneity of its properties and functions. Therefore for understanding ecological and technological problems when revegetating disturbed soils it is necessary to know how to distinguish paedogenic (humus) and non-paedogenic organic substances. Soils formed on the burrows of Olgerass coal-pit located in mountain-taiga zone of Kuzbass were chosen as an object of research. In this time on surface of the burrow formed embryosems related, in accordance with classification of soils of man-caused landscapes, to initial, organo-accumulative, turf and humus-accumulative types. Samples of zonal sod-deep-podzol soils as well as coal particle and fresh capping rock were picked out and analyzed for comparison. A suggested method of definition of paedogenic organic matter content in soils of burrows of coal-pits allowed registering that decreasing of lithogenic organic substances amount and accumulating of paedogenic compounds or humus take place in embryosems. So, humus content in soils under consideration increased from 0,7% in upper lay of initial embryosem to 2,0% on such depth in humus-accumulative embryosem. As calculated humus content in the initial embryosem profile upper part corresponds to a similar one in lower horizons of zonal soils, it suggests that the result of chemical processes influence on initial substratum is involving lithogenic substances in forming systems. In turf and humus-accumulative embryosems humus profile is characterized by equal distribution with slight decrease in humus content in lower part of the profile. Such pattern indicates that forming humus substance systems on this stage of evolution function as similar systems in climacteric soils. Thus, emphasizing most important features of organic matter of soils of man-caused landscapes, it is needed to distinguish the following: embryosems formation is accompanied by accumulation of paedogenic and biogenic organic substances and lithogenic substances decreasing in soil profiles; rate and nature of paedogenic organic matter accumulation are syngenetic to stages of soil-arising; paedogenic organic substances formation proceeds both by humification of biogenic compounds and chemical conversion of lithogenesis products.


Surface and structure modification of carbon nanofibers

Abstract: The micro-structure of reinforcements, including surface characteristics, plays a critical role in the properties of composite materials that are ultimately produced. The purpose of this work is to investigate the micro-structure of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with different core structures, which are hollow (PR) and solid (MJ) fibers, as a function of two treatments: CVD and thermal. From Raman spectroscopy and XRD analyses, an increase of crystallite thickness and width was observed after a heat treatment at 2200 °C for both types of fibers. Further, there was a more significant enhancement of crystalline structure in PR fibers. Also, an increase in thermal oxidation stability for heat-treated CNFs was observed. BET adsorption isotherms showed a significant reduction of specific surface area of MJ fibers after the heat treatment and also after the CVD surface treatment, resulting from the decrease of pore volume. However, even after heat treatment, MJ fibers possessed rougher surface than did PR fibers. Further, significant spatial discontinuity was observed with TEM micrographs due to reorganization of graphene layers during heat treatment for the both heat-treated CNFs. These results suggest that surface and structure of CNFs are important for maximizing their role in the performances of nanocomposites.


Toroidicity stabilization of low-n ion temperature gradient-driven modes

Abstract: Note: Proc. Int. Sherwood Fusion Theory Conference, Philadelphia, PA, USA, March 1996, 3C13 (1996) Reference CRPP-CONF-1996-019 Record created on 2008-05-13, modified on 2017-05-12


Core-shell nanoparticles as scavengers for hydrophobic molecules in biological systems


Influence of solute-fluid clustering on the photophysics of pyrene emission in supercritical C{sub 2}H{sub 4} and CF{sub 3}H

Abstract: In this paper, we continue our investigations of the photophysics of pyrene emission in supercritical fluids using steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Specifically, we study pyrene photophysics in sub- and supercritical C{sub 2}H{sub 4} and CF{sub 3}H. Steady-state fluorescence is utilized to determine how the local fluid density affects the ground and excited states of pyrene and to probe any potential ground-state dimerization (preassociation). Time-resolved fluorescence provides details of the mechanism of pyrene excimer formulation and the kinetics of solute-solute interactions. The temperature and density dependence of the recovered bimolecular rate constant for pyrene in supercritical C{sub 2}H{sub 4} follows that which had been reported in supercritical CO{sub 2} and liquid solvents, i.e., the excimer formation is diffusion controlled. In supercritical CF{sub 3}H this rate constant is much slower than predicted based on diffusion control arguments. These results indicate that enhanced solute-solvent interactions (clustering) strongly affect the pyrene excimer reaction in CF{sub 3}H. 53 refs., 10 figs., 4 tabs.

Journal of the American Chemical Society


Abstract: The Effects of β-Amyloid on α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes Malia L. Anderson Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, BYU Masters of Science The exact mechanism and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) at present is not fully understood. In patients suffering from AD, damage to the hippocampal region and impairment of learning and memory is present. It is also known that a buildup of β-amyloid plaques occur in AD patients and that β-amyloid interacts with some subtypes of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (neuronal nAChRs). These receptors are composed of five subunits. The most prevalent nAChR subunit composition through the brain as a whole is α7. Previous data produced from our lab suggests that α7 nAChRs are also one of the most prevalent subunits expressed by interneurons within the hippocampal region, a part of the brain known to be involved in memory and learning. It is hypothesized that one mechanism through which learning and memory becomes impaired in AD is through the interaction of β-amyloid with these nAChRs. It has previously been established that nanomolar amounts of β-amyloid inhibit the peak currents of α7 nAChRs. However, concentrations of β-amyloid in the picomolar range, in some studies show an activation of α7 nAChRs, while other studies no activation is seen. In this experiment we show that human α7 subunit nAChRs are not activated by β-amyloid42 at 1 pM30 nM concentrations. We also show that short, seven-second applications of β-amyloid interact with the α7 nAChRs to alter the kinetics of the channel, however, the exact mechanism and pattern by which it effects the channel is still unclear.


Magnetic field cycling effect on the non-linear current-voltage characteristics and magnetic field induced negative differential resistance in α-Fe1.64Ga0.36O3 oxide

Abstract: We have studied current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of α-Fe1.64Ga0.36O3, a typical canted ferromagnetic semiconductor. The sample showed a transformation of the I-V curves from linear to non-linear character with the increase of bias voltage. The I-V curves showed irreversible features with hysteresis loop and bi-stable electronic states for up and down modes of voltage sweep. We report positive magnetoresistance and magnetic field induced negative differential resistance as the first time observed phenomena in metal doped hematite system. The magnitudes of critical voltage at which I-V curve showed peak and corresponding peak current are affected by magnetic field cycling. The shift of the peak voltage with magnetic field showed a step-wise jump between two discrete voltage levels with least gap (ΔVP) 0.345(± 0.001) V. The magnetic spin dependent electronic charge transport in this new class of magnetic semiconductor opens a wide scope for tuning large electroresistance (∼500-700%), magnetoresistance (...


Mineral dust around the Sahara—from source to sink. A review with emphasis on contributions of the German soil science community in the last twenty years

Abstract: Natural mineral dust has manifold environmental effects reaching from fertilizing aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems to affecting the earth's radiation balance and thus impacting on climate. The Sahara is considered the largest source of natural mineral dust on the globe, so much research attention has been paid to source identification, dust mobilization, transport, and effects in the sink areas. This paper gives a review of the research results concerning these topics emphasizing soil-science-related aspects of the last 20 y and the identification of knowledge gaps.

Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science


Lewis Acid-Catalyzed Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles

Abstract: The synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles is described. The sequence involves the preliminary preparation of α-aminohydrazones by Michael addition of primary amines to 1,2-diaza-1,3-butadienes. The treatment of these compounds with dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates produces α-(N-enamino)-hydrazones that were converted into the corresponding pyrroles by Lewis acid-catalyzed ring closure. A screening of several Lewis/Bronsted acid catalysts was also performed.


The Judicial Jurisdiction of Administrative Contracts

Abstract: The importance of this study is to clear the distinctive elements of administrative contract, and it tries to make distinguish between administrative contract and contract of civil or private contract,so it can clarify the propriate court ordinary or administrative court. ::: Also this study tried to find the general confined to a legal part the liquidation of damages rather than power of cancellation. ::: So, we tried the comparative study in Jordan and some other countries.


The Toronto Congress

Abstract: Peano had been a principal speaker at the First International Congress of Mathematicians, in Zurich, 1897. At the 1912 congress in Cambridge, he wished to present a paper in Latino sine flexione, but was prevented from doing so. The next congress was scheduled for 1916 in Stockholm, but could not take place because of the war. After the war, a congress was held in Strasbourg in 1920 that was, however, not entirely international and Peano did not attend. The next congress was held in Toronto, 11–16 August, 1924. According to the editor of the Rassegna di matematica e fisica [5 (1924–25), 18], Peano was “insistently invited by the Canadian government” to attend. This time he went and read his paper in Latino sine flexione. (He probably received assurances that this would be allowed before leaving Italy!) This was the highlight of the year, but there were other events in the spring.


New Public Management - Are we talking same languages?


Farmers’ Net Income Distribution and Regional Vulnerability to Climate Change: An Empirical Study of Bangladesh

Abstract: Widespread poverty is the most serious threat and social problem that Bangladesh faces. Regional vulnerability to climate change threatens to escalate the magnitude of this poverty. It is essential that projections of poverty be made while bearing in mind the effects of climate change. The current study uses analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and log-normal distribution to estimate the parameters of income variability that ascertain vulnerability levels and help us understand the poverty levels that climate change could potentially incur. The analytical results show that variances of rice income contribute to the agricultural income differences. Constant reduction of rice yield due to climate change in Bangladesh is not so severe problems for farmers. However, poverty rates in Mymensingh, Rajshahi, and Rangpur region would be affected by unexpected yield loss due to climate change. Therefore, research and development of adaptation measures to climate change for regions where farmers are largely dependent on agricultural income is important.


The Billion Dollar Mistake: Learning the Art of Investing Through the Missteps of Legendary Investors

Abstract: Acknowledgments. Introduction. Chapter 1 Kirk Kerkorian: Due Diligence is Due Every Time. Chapter 2 David Bonderman: Does This Mean I Also Overpaid for the Rolling Stones? Chapter 3 Aubrey McClendon: Falling on the Wrong Edge of the Two-Edged Leverage Sword. Chapter 4 Bill Ackman: Detour from Discipline. Chapter 5 Nick Maounis: "Trust, But Verify..." Chapter 6 Leon Cooperman: The Pirate of Prague Meets the Prince of Princeton-and the Boy from the Bronx Gets Squeezed. Chapter 7 Richard Pzena: Fashions Change, History Persists-or Does It? Chapter 8 Geoff Grant: Style Drift-It's Hot Till It's Not. Chapter 9 Volkswagen and Porsche: The Hare Finally Wins and the Shorts Get Squeezed. Chapter 10 Chris Davis: It Was Dressed Like an Insurance Company, but It Didn't Quack Like One... Chapter 11 Madoff Investors: Hook, Line, and Sunk. Epilogue: Me Too: Mistakes I've Made and Lessons I've Learned. Notes. Glossary. About the Author. Index.


A guide to arbitration practice in Australia


If You Can’t Trust Them, Join Them:: Federalism and Trust in Divided Societies

Recognition and Redistribution in Multinational Federations


Mozambique: Achieving Peace in Africa


Language religion and state formation in Central Asia a case study of Uzbekistan


State conduct in territorial disputes beyond effectivités: recognition, acquiescence, renunciation and estoppel


Can progressive macroeconomic policy address growth and employment while reducing inequality in South Africa

Abstract: This article aims to set out some progressive, mainly post-Keynesian, macroeconomic policy ideas for debate and further research in the context of macroeconomic challenges faced by South Africa tod...


The regulation of the preparation and defence of the graduate thesis of bachelor degree (first cycle) study programmes in English of the Faculty of Nursing of the Medical Academy under Lithuanian University of Health Sciences : methodical recommendations


Standish Library: American Studies: Politics


CEO Gender, Firm Performance and Agency Costs: Evidence from India

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of CEO gender on the performance of Indian firms and to explain the economic channel for any such effect.,Using a panel of 100 Indian firms, the authors test whether there is a significant difference in the performance – measured as return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) – of firms with male vs female CEOs, in both time and space dimensions, using the difference-in-differences approach.,The average ROA of the sample firms decrease by about 10 percent after a female enters the CEO role. This negative result remains robust in both the time series as well as cross-sectional analyses. The decline is also observed when using ROE to measure performance. Further, the authors show that this negative effect is associated with an increase in agency costs that is observed following the appointment of a female CEO.,Previous studies have produced mixed results regarding the effect of having a female CEO on firm performance, and the research to date has not explored the economic channel through which this effect occurs. In this study, the authors show that the decline in performance observed among Indian firms flows from an increase in agency costs under female management.


Movement behind the Scenes: The Quiet Transformation of Status Identification in Japan

Abstract: Since the economic boom of the 1970s, Japan was generally discussed as a mass middle-class society. This image was based less on objective status indicators and more on the fact that over 90% of Japanese self-identify as middle class. Even with an increase in income inequality and the onset of the discourse on Japan as a gap society since the mid-2000s, the distribution of self-identification has hardly changed. However, this does not mean that the objective shifts in Japan’s social structure have gone unnoticed by the population. The way objective changes have impacted evaluations of individual social status is simply more subtle: what has changed is not the distribution of how people self-identify, but rather the way their objective social status (measured via education, occupation and income) impacts their self-evaluation. Added up, the share of the population that places itself in the middle has not remarkably changed. But, whereas there was no clear concept of what it meant to be upper or lower middle in the mid-1980s, resulting in rather arbitrary self-placement, there now seems to be more awareness of distinctions also within the middle. As a result, self-placement has become more closely connected to objective social status, with people with relatively higher incomes, level of education or occupational status being more likely to place themselves in the upper middle, and people whose objective social status is relatively lower being more likely to place themselves in the lower middle. To show this ‘quiet transformation of status identification’, we use data from the Social Stratification and Social Mobility (SSM) and Stratification and Social Psychology (SSP) survey series, covering the three decades from 1985 to 2015. Running OLS-regression models, we compare the impact of objective social status on status identification across time. Our results show that this relationship has become stronger, implying that today Japanese people have a more realistic understanding of their social status.


Regional Government and Social Strife in the Exarchate of Africa between the Persian Invasion and the Arab Conquest


Labor and Employment Arbitration in a Nutshell

Abstract: Development of Labor and Employment Arbitration; Arbitration Procedure: Contractual Requirements, Types of Arbitration Systems, Selecting the Arbitrator, Preparation, Hearing, Post-Hearing Procedure; Variations on Traditional Arbitration: Expedited, Compulsory, Advisory, Interest Arbitration; New Applications, Public Sector, Higher Education, Professional Sports, Airlines, Individual Employment Arbitration; Legal Status: Common Law, Early Statutes, Section 301; Relationships Between Arbitrators, The NLRB, The Courts; Judicial Review; The Common Law of the Arbitration Process; Contractual Interpretation: Precedent, Arbitrability, Interpretive Principles; Subject Matter Discipline, Discharge, Management Rights, Seniority, Wages, Hours, Fringe Benefits, Subcontracting, Union Security, Occupational Safety, Health.


Materials on American national government


ECONOMIC GROWTH IN BANGLADESH: IMPACT OF FISCAL POLICY AND MONETARY POLICY

Abstract: The purpose of this research paper is to identify the impact of significant components of fiscal policy and monetary policythat determine the level of economic growth in Bangladesh. Correlation, regression, test of hypothesis, ANOVA and trend analysis have been conducted in this paper using SPSS software to analyze data. Both the primary and secondary data have been used in this paper. Data have been generated from economic reviews, journals, expert opinions etc. The results of this analysis evidence that investment of current year, net foreign finance, tax burden/tax revenue and trade balance are significantly influencing the economic growth in Bangladesh among several components of fiscal policy where tax revenue has been found as most significant determinant of economic growth. Besides, it has been found that several tools of monetary policy are significantly influencing economic growth where most significant determinants are low variable reserve ratio, flexibility in rationing of credit and fixation of less margin requirement.


The Wife of duplicity


Torture: sometimes a man's gotta do what a man's gotta do, say bioethicists


Holding Us Accountable: Arts Education in California Multiple Subject Credential Programs

Abstract: To ensure a robust and comprehensive educational experience, every K-12 learner must have access to high quality Visual and Performing Arts (VAPA) education. To make this happen, their teachers must be effectively prepared to provide excellent art education experiences. Although arts education is required in many states (including California) as part of licensure requirements, little is known about the actual implementation of these policies. To better understand this preparation gap, a three-part statewide study analyzed the status of arts education in California teacher preparation programs. Findings from survey, interview, and document analysis indicate that arts education experiences increase candidate confidence and deepen their understanding of the benefits associated with using the arts to meet the needs of diverse learners. However, inconsistent program requirements among institutions of higher education contribute to a lack of cohesion in art preparation throughout the state.

Studies in Art Education: A Journal of Issues and Research in Art Education


Land Law and Reform in Ireland


Library Guides: FIG #16: Electing a President: Library Resources: Citations and Plagiarism


Tug of War


Political Dimension in Pan-African Cross-border Banking: An Inhibitor or Catalyst?

Abstract: The emergence and the dominance of African banks in Africa have been touted as one of the popular mechanisms for financial development leading to a concept termed as Pan-African cross-border banking. African Banks have become dominant in the African market as opposed to European colonial banks substantially increasing their geographic footprints on the continent. African banks have become economically significant beyond their home countries and of systematic importance in a number of jurisdictions. This systematically examined the influence of the political environment on Pan-African cross-border banking using Kenya Commercial bank as a case study. Interpretive research paradigm guided the study seeking using qualitative data by interviewing employees, managers, and policymakers from the three subsidiaries of Kenya Commercial Bank; Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi. This was further supported by secondary data collected from journal articles and reports from the Kenya Commercial Bank. The study established that political environment plays an important role in influencing Pan-African cross-border banking either through catalysing or inhibiting. Despite effort integration by African Union, regional unions like East African Community there still areas for improvement. In order to enhance Pan-African cross-border banking, there has to be systematically management of political environment which was distorted by history, ideologies, different political systems, different regulatory frameworks between the subsidiaries and home countries. This will further enhance the significance of Pan-African banks African cross-border banks enhancing economic development within Africa.


After the Arab Revolts: social media and the journalist in Egypt


The constitution of the Isle of Man : consisting of part the third of the report of the Commissioners of inquiry for the Isle of Man, made in the year 1792


Conflicts of interest (German translation)


Mary Queen of Scots and Her Hopeless Husbands

Abstract: Mary Queen of Scots is dead famous for: having terrible taste in husbands, rotting away in Liz 1's prison and, totally losing her head - on the chopping block. But have you heard that Mary: was a six-foot stunner who had a charmed childhood, got kidnapped by a murderous lord - and married him, managed to give her executioner a fright or two? Even though she's dead, Mary's still full of surprises. Now you can get the inside story with Mary's secret diary, read all about it in "The Scottish Herald", and discover some Prickly Thistle Facts about the Scottish Queen and her hopeless husbands.


The role of victims organisations in transition from conflict: families of the disappeared in Nepal


White book : controversy between Guatemala and Great Britain relative to the convention of 1859 on territorial matters


Regional employment and economic growth effects of South Africa's transition to low-carbon energy supply mix

Abstract: This paper examines the long-run regional economic effects within South Africa of changing the electricity-generation mix towards less coal. To do so, a regional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model of South Africa is employed for the analysis. The overall result stemmed from all scenarios suggest that the effect of a transition to an energy supply mix with smaller share of coal generation is sensitive to other economic and policy conditions, in particular the reaction of the global coal market and hence, South Africa’s coal exports. Under conditions in which surplus coal resulting from lower domestic demand cannot be readily exported, the economies of coal-producing regions in South Africa such as the Mpumalanga province are the most severely affected. The subsequent migration of semi-skilled labour from that province to others within the country require appropriate and timeous planning by energy policymakers and urban planners.


Climate engineering–induced changes in correlations between Earth system variables—implications for appropriate indicator selection

Abstract: Climate engineering (CE) deployment would alter prevailing relationships between Earth system variables, making indicators and metrics used so far in the climate change assessment context less appropriate to assess CE measures. Achieving a comprehensive CE assessment requires a systematic and transparent reevaluation of the indicator selection process from Earth system variables. Here, we provide a first step towards such a systematic assessment of changes in correlations between Earth system variables following simulated deployment of different CE methods. We therefore analyze changes in the correlation structure of a broad set of Earth system variables for two conventional climate change scenarios without CE and with three idealized CE model experiments: (i) solar radiation management, (ii) large-scale afforestation, and (iii) ocean alkalinity enhancement. First, we investigate how the three CE scenarios alter prevailing correlations between Earth system variables when compared to an intermediate-high and a business-as-usual future climate change scenario. Second, we contrast the indicators identified for the non-CE climate change scenarios and the indicators identified when all five scenarios are considered. Finally, we use the identified indicator sets for an evaluation of the five climate change scenarios. We find that the additional indicators provide valuable information for the assessment of the CE measures, and their application hence allows for a more comprehensive and a comparative assessment of the mitigation and CE deployment scenarios.


Basic facts about immigration in Tenerife


Germans in Britain Since 1500

Abstract: German-speaking people have always lived, either as temporary or as long-term residents, in the British Isles. While the majority of the visitors arrived to pursue trade, others came for a wide variety of reasons. In the sixteenth century German reformers came to promote Protestantism. In 1714 the Elector of Hanover came because he had inherited the crown. In Victorian times Karl Marx wrote Das Kapital in the British Museum. The nineteenth century was perhaps the highpoint in the history of German settlement, with the establishment of widespread German communities and organisations. The First World War, and a combinations of official and unofficial hostility, destroyed most of these communities. During the interwar years both Nazis and Jewish refugees from Nazism entered the country. Since the war, professionals have formed the basis of the German community. The present volume traces the history of German settlement through a series of essays designed to cover each period and to analyse specific aspects. Germans in Britain Since 1500 represents a unique history of an immigrant grouping in Britain over almost 500 years.


Da atividade persecutória do juiz no processo penal brasileiro: possibilidades, limitações e reflexos da produção de provas ex officio

Abstract: This dissertation aimed to analyze what the criminal justice system adopted by the current Brazilian Constitution, the adversarial, inquisitorial or mixed, and the model is established to analyze the possibility of the judge in the criminal sphere practice or not probative former acts officio, verifying whether the evidential activity by the magistrate is consistent with the criminal process model established by the Brazilian legal system, inquiring if the testing activity by the judge violates the necessary impartiality and, therefore, due process of law as a fundamental guarantee of the individual. The method used for this work was the hypothetical-deductive, relying on the theoretical work of the dedicated Italian Luigi Ferrajoli - Diritto and ragione: theory del garantismo penale. Certainly many other works related to the theme were consulted, either established national authors as well as foreign scholars. The survey, which was also concerned with the concept of truth, behind a brief historical overview of the procedural systems throughout history to reach the criminal process model adopted by the Brazilian constitutional order, and thirst for comparison, is an examination of several models of criminal procedural systems of various countries, through the legal understanding of our Courts. The work was done in the light of humanitarian principles and due process enshrined in the Constitution.


Trade and Quality of Life - Empirical Evidence for Sub-Saharan Africa


Oxford LibGuides: LGBTI law: Civil Rights


Genocide never sleeps: living law at the international criminal tribunal for Rwanda


LibGuides: Scholarship Resources for Faculty: Home


The Aggregate and Implied Powers of the United States

Abstract: The conventional understanding of McCulloch v. Maryland is that an act of Congress must be within the scope of specified enumerated powers or an appropriate means to carry those specified powers into effect. This now classical doctrine rests on a misunderstanding of McCulloch. It is also incomplete in failing to account for important exercises of national power that cannot readily be tied to specific enumerated powers or justified as means to effectuate those powers. ::: ::: Several distinguished scholars, arguing that the classical means-ends approach is incorrect, assert that Congress possesses an expansive power to legislate for the national general welfare, or, as sometimes articulated, to address all national necessities or exigencies. They rely, inter alia, on the General Welfare Clauses of the Preamble and Article I, Section 8; conceptions of inherent national sovereignty; the actions of the Constitutional Convention concerning Resolution VI of the Virginia Plan; and the three provisions of the Necessary and Proper Clause. Although these scholars present valuable insights, their arguments for a national general welfare power are overbroad when evaluated according to constitutional text, structure, and history. ::: ::: This Article advances a theory, original to the literature, of how the enumerated powers of the national government should be construed and applied in determining the scope of national power. The Constitution vests four great aggregate powers in the government of the United States–providing for the common defense; conducting foreign relations; preventing and resolving disputes between the States and the United States, and between the States themselves; and creating and maintaining a national economic union. Virtually all of the specific enumerated powers of the three branches are contained in these four clusters of power. These aggregate powers are “ends” of the national government, and legislation that carries these powers into effect are appropriate “means” of congressional authority. ::: ::: The framework presented in this Article is based on construing the Constitution as a whole and not as the collection of unrelated parts; the historical origin of the enumerated powers in the long-standing distribution of powers between the imperial British government and the colonial assemblies that was carried forward into the Constitution; Hamilton’s arguments on the scope of national power in Federalist 23 and the opinion on the Bank of the United States; Marshall’s adoption of those arguments in McCulloch and Story’s in his Commentaries; and Congress’s authority to carry into execution not only specified enumerated powers but also “all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States.” This framework explains the validity of national powers that are outside of the classical means-ends model. It respects federalism by giving Congress plenary authority over four discrete areas that are essential to the Union, while allowing for extensive legislative authority in the States and the people. And it has implications for the separation of powers and the extent to which Congress may expand the jurisdiction of the federal courts beyond the categories enumerated in Article III.


Piracy in Somalia and Its Impact on the International Community: An Analysis of the International Community’s Response to Somali Piracy


Some Hopeful Signs amidst the Commonwealth’s Economic Travails

The Economic Pivot in a Political Context


Coming of Age in Utopia: The Odyssey of an Idea


Investigating the Nexus between Stock Exchange and Economic Growth in Ghana

Abstract: This study used ARDL model coupled with granger causality test to investigate the relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Ghana for the period from 1991 to 2011. The study revealed that stock market development has a negative impact on economic growth in the long-run and this was confirmed by the causality test that there do not exist any relationship between stock market development and economic growth in Ghana for the study period. Human capital and money supply have contributed positively to growth. Inflation and foreign direct investment have not shown to be deterministic variables to growth of the economy. The study concluded that operators of Ghana Stock Exchange should strategise well to attract more investors to the Stock Exchange. In addition, the independence of the Central Bank, further development of financial and money markets should be adhered to by the Bank of Ghana to facilitate the implementation of monetary policy in order to achieve price stability in the country.


Contextualizing the biographical outcomes of Provisional IRA former activists: a structure-agency dynamic.


Research Guides: HADM 6738: Seminar in Healthcare Policy and Leadership: Articles & Journals


The High court of Australia on contract 1950-1980 : cases


National Curriculum Framework 2005 and the English Curriculum

Motifs : An International Journal of English Studies


Legislative Entrepreneurship in the U


Salary, financial autonomy and efficiency of healthcare systems in local governments

Abstract: ABSTRACTThe expansion of financial autonomy increased the interest on the factors that influence the efficiency of local governments (LGs). Although fiscal autonomy and employee’s wages have implic...


LibGuides: Open Access Publishing: Home


Solidarity and Sacrifice

Abstract: This chapter, Solidarity and Sacrifice, turns to the often theoretically neglected interrelations between solidarity, gift-giving, sacrifice, and heroism. It looks at how the clubs manufacture solidarity, through charity and gift-giving, while using solidarity as a blackmail to demand (self-)sacrifice on the altar of the organization, thus reinforcing its own claims to heroism. Solidarity comes at a high price and with obligations; it requires permanent readiness to sacrifice on behalf of the group, to prove one’s commitment and to return the gift. The chapter shows how through the dynamics of charitable giving and sacrifice, often involving violent and criminal transgressions, the clubs manufacture not only solidarity but also emerge as heroes for their supporters, offering them material support, meaning, and a sense of greatness.

How Outlaws Win Friends and Influence People


Research Guides: Criminal Justice: Finding Books