# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ CropAI Agronomic Knowledge Base - Fruits, Cole Crops, Alliums & Cucurbits Module Covers Mango, Papaya, Citrus, Onion, Garlic, Cabbage, Cauliflower, and Cucurbitaceous gourds across Chhattisgarh and All India. """ from typing import Dict, Any FRUITS_KNOWLEDGE_BASE: Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]] = { # ========================================================================= # 1. MANGO (आम) # ========================================================================= "Mango___Powdery_Mildew": { "name": "Mango Powdery Mildew (आम का बौर चूर्णी / खर्रा रोग)", "scientific_name": "Oidium mangiferae", "crop": "Mango (आम)", "category": "Fungal", "severity": "Critical", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "February to March (flowering and fruit set stage); cloudy overcast days, cool nights and morning dews", "economic_injury_level": "White powdery coating over > 5% floral panicles", "symptoms": [ "White, talcum-powder-like fungal coating covering inflorescence panicles, flowers, and tender young pea-stage fruits", "Infected flowers fail to open, dry up, turn brown to black, and drop off ('Blossom Blight')", "Young fruits drop prematurely or become corky, cracked, and misshapen; can cause 70-90% loss in fruit set" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "First spray MUST be given at flower bud emergence (panicle initiation before flowers open)", "Second spray at full bloom and third spray at pea-sized fruit stage" ], "organic_control": [ "Spray wettable sulfur 80% WDG (Sulfex) @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank; 600g/acre in 200L water)", "Apply raw milk + water solution (1:9) or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) @ 5g/L" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Hexaconazole 5% SC (Contaf) @ 1.5ml/L water (25ml per 16L tank; 300ml/acre in 200L water)", "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)", "Or Dinocap 48% EC (Karathane) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)", "Or Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water" ] }, "prevention": [ "Prune overcrowded and dead branches after harvest to allow direct sunlight inside the tree canopy", "Avoid excessive irrigation during flowering" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Mango___Hopper": { "name": "Mango Hopper / Phadka / Chepa (आम का भुनगा / मधुआ कीट)", "scientific_name": "Amritodus atkinsoni & Idioscopus clypealis", "crop": "Mango (आम)", "category": "Insect_Pest", "severity": "Critical", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "February to April (flowering and fruit development); warm spring weather, high tree shade", "economic_injury_level": "5 hoppers per panicle during flowering", "symptoms": [ "Thousands of tiny, wedge-shaped greyish-brown hoppers crowd on flower panicles and tender leaves, flying off with a clicking sound when disturbed", "Nymphs and adults suck sap from tender panicles, causing flower buds to wither, turn brown, and dry up ('Blossom Drop')", "Secretion of copious sticky sweet honeydew, causing thick black sooty mould (Meliola mangiferae) covering leaves and branches", "The #1 devastating insect pest of mango causing up to 100% loss of fruit set if unmanaged" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Spray tree trunk and lower canopy branches where adult hoppers hide during winter", "First spray at panicle emergence; second spray at fruit set" ], "organic_control": [ "Spray Beauveria bassiana 1.15% WP @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Metarhizium anisopliae @ 5g/L", "Apply 5% Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)", "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (Confidor) @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)", "Or Clothianidin 50% WDG @ 0.2g/L water (3g per 16L tank)", "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)", "Do NOT spray during full bloom to protect honeybees!" ] }, "prevention": [ "Canopy thinning: Prune internal dense branches after harvest to allow sun penetration", "Keep orchard weed-free and wash tree trunks with lime whitewash" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Mango___Anthracnose": { "name": "Mango Anthracnose / Blossom Blight (आम का एंथ्रेक्नोज / काला धब्बा रोग)", "scientific_name": "Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Glomerella cingulata)", "crop": "Mango (आम)", "category": "Fungal", "severity": "Severe", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "Monsoon (July-August) and flowering season (Feb-March); high humidity (> 95%), frequent rain showers", "economic_injury_level": "Dark circular spots on leaves and teardrop stains on fruits", "symptoms": [ "Oval to irregular dark brown to black necrotic spots on leaves with shot-hole centers", "Blackening, blighting, and shedding of flowering panicles", "Latent infection on fruits emerges during ripening as circular, sunken black spots with characteristic tear-stain patterns", "Severe post-harvest rotting of harvested mangoes during transit and storage" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Prune dead twigs 5 cm below infected zone and spray immediately; apply Bordeaux paste to cut surfaces", "Hot water treatment of harvested fruits at 52°C for 5 minutes controls latent post-harvest rot" ], "organic_control": ["Spray Copper Oxychloride 50% WP @ 3g/L water (50g per 16L tank)", "Apply Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L"], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water)", "Or Carbendazim 12% + Mancozeb 63% WP (Saaf) @ 2g/L water (35g per 16L tank; 400g/acre)", "Or Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG (Nativo) @ 0.5g/L water (8g per 16L tank)" ] }, "prevention": ["Post-harvest dip in hot water containing Carbendazim (1g/L) for 5 minutes", "Regular pruning of dead wood"], "expert_consultation_recommended": False }, "Mango___healthy": { "name": "Healthy Mango Orchard (स्वस्थ आम का पेड़)", "scientific_name": "Mangifera indica (Optimal Canopy & Panicle Vigor)", "crop": "Mango (आम)", "category": "Healthy", "severity": "Healthy", "is_healthy": True, "season_and_weather": "All seasons; dense dark-green leathery canopy, clean reddish new leaf flushes, healthy panicle clusters", "economic_injury_level": "None", "symptoms": [ "Dense deep-green glossy leathery foliage free from hopper honeydew or sooty mould", "Healthy branching canopy with clean panicle emergence and robust fruit set", "Clean smooth-skinned green and ripening mangoes free from anthracnose spots or fruit fly punctures" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": ["Maintain basin irrigation; stop watering 15 days before harvest to improve sugar content"], "organic_control": ["Apply 50 kg well-rotted FYM + 2 kg neem cake per mature tree annually after harvest"], "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."] }, "prevention": ["Install fruit fly pheromone traps (Methyl eugenol lure @ 6-8 traps/acre) 45 days before harvest"], "expert_consultation_recommended": False }, # ========================================================================= # 2. PAPAYA (पपीता) # ========================================================================= "Papaya___Ring_Spot_Virus": { "name": "Papaya Ring Spot Virus / PRSV (पपीता का वलय धब्बा विषाणु रोग)", "scientific_name": "Papaya Ringspot Potyvirus (PRSV) vectored by Aphids (Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae)", "crop": "Papaya (पपीता)", "category": "Viral", "severity": "Critical", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; severe during warm weather favoring aphid migration", "economic_injury_level": "Appearance of circular rings on fruits and oily water-soaked streaks on petioles", "symptoms": [ "Prominent dark green water-soaked oily streaks or stripes on leaf petioles and upper tree trunk", "Severe yellow mosaic mottling, blistering, and distortion of young leaves, often reducing leaf blade to bare veins ('Shoestring effect')", "Characteristic circular, dark green concentric ring spots or 'C'-shaped rings on green fruits ('Ring Spot')", "Stunted tree growth, bitter tasteless fruits with low sugar, and eventual complete orchard decline" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Uproot and burn infected trees immediately upon first symptom emergence; do not leave viral reservoir trees", "Spray systemic insecticide immediately to control transient aphid vectors" ], "organic_control": [ "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre around orchard borders", "Spray Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L (50ml per 16L tank) or 5% NSKE" ], "chemical_control": [ "Vector control spray: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre in 200L water)", "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)", "Or Dimethoate 30% EC @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)" ] }, "prevention": [ "Grow 2-3 dense rows of border barrier crops (Maize, Sorghum, or Sunhemp) around papaya orchard to intercept flying aphids", "Grow tolerant varieties like Red Lady 786 (manage vector strictly) or cross-protection methods" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Papaya___healthy": { "name": "Healthy Papaya Tree (स्वस्थ पपीता पौधा)", "scientific_name": "Carica papaya (Optimal Foliage & Fruiting)", "crop": "Papaya (पपीता)", "category": "Healthy", "severity": "Healthy", "is_healthy": True, "season_and_weather": "All seasons; large broad healthy palmate leaves, clean hollow petioles, heavy fruit setting around trunk", "economic_injury_level": "None", "symptoms": [ "Broad deep-green palmate leaves free from yellow mosaic mottling or shoestring distortion", "Clean smooth green petioles and erect sturdy trunk free from water-soaked lesions or foot rot", "Abundant clean, smooth-skinned green and golden-orange ripening papayas free from ring spots" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": ["Maintain ring basin irrigation to keep water away from direct contact with trunk collar"], "organic_control": ["Apply 20 kg FYM + 250g Trichoderma viride per tree twice a year"], "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."] }, "prevention": ["Avoid water stagnation around root collar to prevent fungal foot rot"], "expert_consultation_recommended": False }, # ========================================================================= # 3. CITRUS / LEMON / ORANGE (नींबू / संतरा) # ========================================================================= "Citrus___Canker": { "name": "Citrus Canker (नींबू का कैंकर रोग)", "scientific_name": "Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri", "crop": "Citrus / Lemon / Orange (नींबू/संतरा)", "category": "Bacterial", "severity": "Critical", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "Rainy season (July to September); warm wet windy weather, rain splashing and leaf miner injury", "economic_injury_level": "Raised corky scab lesions on leaves, twigs, and fruits", "symptoms": [ "Small, raised, blister-like corky spots on leaves, twigs, and fruits, surrounded by a prominent yellowish oily halo", "Lesions turn brown, rough, corky, and crater-like with a depressed center ('Crater-like canker')", "Severely affected leaves turn yellow and drop prematurely; twigs die back from tips", "Corky rough eruptions on fruit rind make lemons unmarketable, causing severe commercial loss across India" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Prune and burn canker-infected twigs during winter before new flush emergence; apply Bordeaux paste to cuts", "Control Citrus Leaf Miner strictly; leaf miner galleries provide direct entry portals for canker bacteria" ], "organic_control": [ "Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% (1 kg Copper Sulphate + 1 kg Lime in 100L water) or Copper Hydroxide @ 2g/L", "Apply fresh cow dung supernatant (filtered) or neem seed extract" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Streptocycline 6g + Copper Oxychloride 50% WP 500g in 200L water per acre (0.5g Streptocycline + 40g COC per 16L tank)", "Or Plantomycin 1g/L + Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L water (30g per 16L tank)", "For Leaf Miner control: Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank) or Abamectin 1.9% EC @ 0.75ml/L" ] }, "prevention": [ "Plant windbreaks (Casuarina, Shisham, Eucalyptus) around orchard to reduce wind-driven rain dissemination", "Grow canker-tolerant varieties: Kagzi Lime selection, Tenali, Vikram, Balaji" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Citrus___Greening_HLB": { "name": "Citrus Greening / Huanglongbing / HLB (नींबू का ग्रीनिंग रोग)", "scientific_name": "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus vectored by Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri)", "crop": "Citrus / Lemon / Orange (नींबू/संतरा)", "category": "Bacterial", "severity": "Critical", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "Throughout the year; severe in spring and monsoon flushes favoring citrus psyllid", "economic_injury_level": "Asymmetric blotchy yellow mottle on leaves and inverted fruit ripening", "symptoms": [ "Characteristic asymmetric blotchy yellow mottle on leaves (chlorosis crossing leaf veins, not mirror-image)", "Leaves become small, upright, pointing upward ('Rabbit-ear appearance') with zinc-like interveinal deficiency", "Inverted fruit coloration: Fruits color prematurely at the stem end while the blossom end remains dark green ('Greening')", "Fruits are small, lopsided, asymmetric, highly acidic and bitter with aborted dark seeds; gradual tree death in 3-5 years" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Rogue out and destroy severely declining trees to prevent psyllid vector spread", "Spray systemic insecticide immediately targeting the Asian Citrus Psyllid vector" ], "organic_control": [ "Install Yellow Sticky Traps @ 15 per acre to monitor and trap adult psyllids", "Spray 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil @ 4ml/L" ], "chemical_control": [ "Psyllid vector control spray: Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre in 200L water)", "Or Imidacloprid 17.8% SL @ 0.4ml/L water (6-7ml per 16L tank; 80ml/acre)", "Or Dimethoate 30% EC (Rogor) @ 1.7ml/L water (27ml per 16L tank)" ] }, "prevention": [ "Use only certified virus-free budded saplings from government-certified nurseries", "Regular scouting for small jumping psyllid nymphs on tender young flushes" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Citrus___healthy": { "name": "Healthy Citrus / Lemon Tree (स्वस्थ नींबू/संतरा का पेड़)", "scientific_name": "Citrus aurantifolia & Citrus sinensis (Optimal Foliage & Fruit Vigor)", "crop": "Citrus / Lemon / Orange (नींबू/संतरा)", "category": "Healthy", "severity": "Healthy", "is_healthy": True, "season_and_weather": "All seasons; deep glossy dark-green winged leaves, fragrant white blossoms, abundant firm juicy fruits", "economic_injury_level": "None", "symptoms": [ "Deep glossy green foliage free from yellow blotchy mottle or corky canker craters", "Sturdy spiny branches with fragrant white flowers and healthy fruit set", "Smooth, firm, glossy green and bright yellow ripening lemons free from scab or leaf miner tunnels" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": ["Maintain ring basin irrigation to keep root collar dry; prune water shoots"], "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Zinc Sulphate (0.5%) + Ferrous Sulphate (0.2%) + Lime twice a year"], "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."] }, "prevention": ["Paint tree trunk with Bordeaux paste (1:1:10) up to 2 feet height before monsoon"], "expert_consultation_recommended": False }, # ========================================================================= # 4. ONION & GARLIC (प्याज एवं लहसुन) # ========================================================================= "Onion___Purple_Blotch": { "name": "Onion Purple Blotch (प्याज का बैंगनी धब्बा रोग)", "scientific_name": "Alternaria porri", "crop": "Onion & Garlic (प्याज / लहसुन)", "category": "Fungal", "severity": "Severe", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "December to March (Rabi crop); warm humid weather (Temp 21-28°C), morning dews and winter rain", "economic_injury_level": "Sunken purple lesions on > 5% leaves or flower stalks", "symptoms": [ "Small water-soaked sunken spots on leaves and seed stalks that rapidly enlarge into oval purple-bordered lesions", "Centers of lesions turn characteristic deep violet to dark purple, surrounded by a broad yellow chlorotic band", "Lesions girdle leaves and seed stalks, causing leaves to break at the lesion site and collapse ('Top Dieback')", "Severe reduction in bulb size by 30-50% and total destruction of onion seed crop" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Spray fungicide mixed with an agricultural sticker/spreader (Wettable Sticking Agent @ 1ml/L) because waxy onion leaves repel water droplets", "Avoid overhead sprinkler irrigation" ], "organic_control": [ "Foliar spray of Trichoderma viride @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank)", "Apply raw garlic extract or fermented cow urine solution (1:10)" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Azoxystrobin 18.2% + Difenoconazole 11.4% SC (Amistar Top) @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank; 200ml/acre in 200L water) with sticker", "Or Tebuconazole 25.9% EC (Folicur) @ 1.25ml/L water (20ml per 16L tank; 250ml/acre)", "Or Mancozeb 75% WP (Dithane M-45) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)", "Or Propineb 70% WP (Antracol) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank)" ] }, "prevention": [ "Seed treatment with Thiram 75% WP @ 3g/kg seed or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg", "Proper plant spacing (15 x 10 cm) and avoid water stagnation", "Grow tolerant varieties: Agrifound Dark Red, N-53, Bhima Super, Bhima Red" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Onion___Thrips": { "name": "Onion Thrips / Juaan (प्याज का थ्रिप्स / जुआं कीट)", "scientific_name": "Thrips tabaci", "crop": "Onion & Garlic (प्याज / लहसुन)", "category": "Insect_Pest", "severity": "Severe", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "February to April (dry sunny spring weather); hot dry spells favoring rapid population buildup", "economic_injury_level": "30 thrips per plant or silvery white patches on central leaves", "symptoms": [ "Hundreds of microscopic, slender yellow to brown thrips hide in the inner central leaf sheaths at the base of the plant", "Insects scrape leaf epidermis and suck sap, creating characteristic silvery-white blotches or streaks ('Silvering')", "Leaves curl, crinkle, turn yellow, dry from the tips downward ('Blast appearance'), and collapse prematurely", "Bulbs remain small, deformed, and fail to develop full market size" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Direct spray deep into the central leaf axils where thrips colonies shelter; always add a wetting agent/sticker", "Provide frequent light sprinkler irrigations to wash thrips off foliage" ], "organic_control": [ "Install Blue Sticky Traps @ 15-20 per acre at crop height", "Spray Verticillium lecanii @ 5g/L water (80g per 16L tank) or Beauveria bassiana @ 5g/L", "Apply 5% NSKE (Neem Seed Kernel Extract) @ 50ml/L or Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Fipronil 5% SC (Regent) @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water) with sticker", "Or Spinetoram 11.7% SC (Delegate) @ 0.8ml/L water (13ml per 16L tank)", "Or Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD (Benevia) @ 1.8ml/L water (30ml per 16L tank)", "Or Thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 0.3g/L water (5g per 16L tank; 60g/acre)" ] }, "prevention": [ "Intercropping onion with barrier crops like maize or coriander", "Avoid planting near old infested garlic or onion fields" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": False }, "Onion___healthy": { "name": "Healthy Onion & Garlic (स्वस्थ प्याज एवं लहसुन फसल)", "scientific_name": "Allium cepa & Allium sativum (Optimal Bulb Development)", "crop": "Onion & Garlic (प्याज / लहसुन)", "category": "Healthy", "severity": "Healthy", "is_healthy": True, "season_and_weather": "Rabi season; tubular erect bluish-green leaves with waxy bloom, vigorous neck and bulb sizing", "economic_injury_level": "None", "symptoms": [ "Erect, tubular, hollow bluish-green leaves with clean waxy cuticle free from purple lesions or thrips silvering", "Firm compact neck with vigorous swelling of underground bulbs", "Healthy white fibrous root system free from basal pink rot or nematode galls" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; stop irrigation 15 days before harvest for proper bulb curing"], "organic_control": ["Apply vermicompost and Potash at bulb initiation to increase bulb density"], "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed."] }, "prevention": ["Scout leaf axils weekly for early thrips nymphs"], "expert_consultation_recommended": False }, # ========================================================================= # 5. CUCURBITS / GOURDS (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा, तरबूज) # ========================================================================= "Cucurbits___Downy_Mildew": { "name": "Cucurbit Downy Mildew (कद्दूवर्गीय फसलों का मृदुरोमिल आसिता)", "scientific_name": "Pseudoperonospora cubensis", "crop": "Cucurbits / Gourds (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा)", "category": "Fungal", "severity": "Severe", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "Rainy and post-monsoon (August to October); cool humid nights (15-20°C), heavy dews and rain", "economic_injury_level": "Angular yellow patches on upper leaf surface", "symptoms": [ "Angular, sharp-edged, pale green to bright yellow spots on upper leaf surface, strictly delimited by leaf veins ('Mosaic mosaic tiles')", "Purplish-grey to dark brown downy fungal growth on the underside of corresponding yellow spots during humid mornings", "Spots turn necrotic brown, curl upwards, and entire leaf blades dry into crisp dead parchment paper ('Wildfire blight')", "Vines rapidly defoliate within 5-7 days, leaving bare runners and sun-scalded, bitter fruits" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Spray systemic downy mildew fungicide immediately upon first angular spot observation", "Train vines on bower (मचान) system to elevate leaves off wet soil" ], "organic_control": [ "Prophylactic spray of Bordeaux mixture 1% or Copper Hydroxide 77% WP @ 2g/L (30g per 16L tank)", "Spray sour buttermilk (खट्टी छाछ) @ 50ml/L water" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Cymoxanil 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Curzate) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre in 200L water)", "Or Metalaxyl 8% + Mancozeb 64% WP (Ridomil Gold) @ 2.5g/L water (40g per 16L tank; 500g/acre)", "Or Dimethomorph 50% WP (Acrobat) @ 1g/L + Mancozeb @ 2g/L water (16g Acrobat + 35g Mancozeb per 16L tank)", "Or Famoxadone 16.6% + Cymoxanil 22.1% SC @ 1ml/L water (16ml per 16L tank)" ] }, "prevention": [ "Wide plant spacing (2 x 1.5 meters) to ensure canopy airflow", "Drip irrigation instead of flooding" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Cucurbits___Fruit_Fly": { "name": "Cucurbit Fruit Fly (कद्दूवर्गीय फसलों की फल मक्खी)", "scientific_name": "Bactrocera cucurbitae (Zeugodacus cucurbitae)", "crop": "Cucurbits / Gourds (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा)", "category": "Insect_Pest", "severity": "Critical", "is_healthy": False, "season_and_weather": "Summer and rainy season; warm humid weather", "economic_injury_level": "Puncture marks with amber resin drop on young fruits", "symptoms": [ "Female fly punctures tender young green fruits with its ovipositor, exuding a drop of translucent amber resin/gum", "Inside the fruit, legless white maggots feed on internal pulp and seeds, turning the interior into a watery decayed pulp", "Fruits become deformed, twisted, turn prematurely yellow, rot, and drop off", "Destroys 40-80% of bottle gourd, bitter gourd, cucumber, and pumpkin harvests across India" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": [ "Install Cue-Lure Fruit Fly Pheromone Traps @ 8-10 per acre across the vine canopy for continuous male fly trapping", "Collect and deep-bury all punctured and rotting fruits in a pit (minimum 2 feet deep) with lime powder" ], "organic_control": [ "Bait Spray: Mix 100g jaggery (गुड़) + 10ml Malathion 50% EC in 10 liters of water, apply large coarse droplets on bower posts and borders", "Apply Neem Oil 10,000 PPM @ 3ml/L water to deter female oviposition" ], "chemical_control": [ "Spray Malathion 50% EC @ 2ml/L water (32ml per 16L tank; 400ml/acre in 200L water) or Deltamethrin 2.8% EC @ 1ml/L", "Or Spinosad 45% SC @ 0.3ml/L water (5ml per 16L tank; 60ml/acre)", "Observe mandatory 3-day waiting period (PHI) before harvesting edible gourds!" ] }, "prevention": [ "Bag young fruits with paper/polythene bags immediately after pollination", "Deep summer ploughing to expose pupae in soil to birds and sun" ], "expert_consultation_recommended": True }, "Cucurbits___healthy": { "name": "Healthy Cucurbit Vine (स्वस्थ कद्दूवर्गीय बेल)", "scientific_name": "Cucurbita / Lagenaria / Cucumis (Optimal Vine Vigor)", "crop": "Cucurbits / Gourds (लौकी, कद्दू, करेला, खीरा)", "category": "Healthy", "severity": "Healthy", "is_healthy": True, "season_and_weather": "All seasons; broad deep-green leaves, vigorous climbing tendrils, prolific yellow flowers and glossy fruits", "economic_injury_level": "None", "symptoms": [ "Broad emerald-green leaves with healthy bristly hairs free from angular yellow patches or white powdery coating", "Vigorous branching runners with abundant male and female yellow flowers", "Tender, smooth, straight, glossy green gourds free from fruit fly puncture marks or gummy rot" ], "treatment": { "immediate_action": ["Maintain optimal moisture; keep bower trellis well-supported"], "organic_control": ["Foliar spray of Panchagavya @ 30ml/L or 19:19:19 NPK every 15 days"], "chemical_control": ["No pesticide application needed. Protect pollinating bees!"] }, "prevention": ["Install fruit fly pheromone traps early before flowering begins"], "expert_consultation_recommended": False } }