Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

characterisation factors

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports

GWP 100 years

emissions

CO2 removal from atmosphere


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.227

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

carbon storage

delayed emissions

temporary carbon storage


Correction flow for delayed emission of fossil carbon dioxide (within first 100 years)

long-term emissions

elementary flows


End-of-life of building

End-of-life of building

Correction flow for delayed emission of biogenic carbon dioxide

Wood beams

Carbon dioxide (biogenic)

Carbon dioxide


Mass*years

Carbon dioxide

Methane

biogenic carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Unit Process

Unit Process


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.228


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Climate change

ILCD

land transformation

wood product

landfilled bio-based materials


CO2 temporary storage flow

CO2 temporary storage flow


Carbon dioxide (fossil)

Correction flow for delayed emission of fossil carbon dioxide

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential


biogenic wood

delayed emissions

use stage

use stage emissions

multiplied by half of assumed life time years

Nitrous oxide

delayed emission

maximum correction flow of 100 kg*a per kg


correction flow

maximum 100 kg*a per kg delayed emission

correction flow

inventoried only if emission within 100 years

delayed emission

future emissions beyond 100 years

Carbon dioxide, biogenic (long-term)


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.229

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Substitution

Substitution

co-product benefit crediting

Climate change impacts

temporary storage


Correction flows

Correction flows

delayed substitution

CO2-storage

CO2-removal


CO2 Storage

Long-term CO2-emission Elementary Flows

CO2 Emissions (0-100 years)

CO2 Emissions (>100 years)

Future Elementary Flows


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.230

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

fossil emissions

CO2

temporary storage

temporary storage

interpretation


Carbon dioxide

Methane

temporary carbon storage in bio-based goods

bio-based products

landfills

delayed emission as CO2 or CH4

delayed emissions of fossil carbon dioxide


Emissions to water, unspecified (long-term)

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (unspecified)

Methane (unspecified)

ILCD reference elementary flows

ILCD reference elementary flows

ILCD reference elementary flows


Correction flow for delayed emission of biogenic carbon dioxide (within first 100 years)

GWP100 impact factor of -0.01 kg CO2equivalents per 1 kg CO2 and 1 year of storage

temporary carbon storage

temporary carbon storage

Correction flow for delayed emission of fossil carbon dioxide (within first 100 years)


Correction flow for delayed emission of biogenic methane (within first 100 years)

Correction flow for delayed emission of fossil methane (within first 100 years)

Biogenic carbon storage

Global Warming Potential


Global Warming Potential

Methane

Nitrous oxide

Carbon Dioxide

CO2 uptake

Biogenic CO2

Fossil CO2

radiative forcing


IPCC GWP100

Carbon Dioxide

Methane

Nitrous Oxide

ILCD

IPCC GWP100


Climate Change

biogenic carbon storage

temporary storage of biogenic carbon

delayed fossil emissions

delayed fossil emissions

long-living products


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.231

correction flow

delayed emission

future emissions

Carbon dioxide, biogenic (long-term)

greenhouse gases


Correction flow for delayed emission of methane

Correction flow for delayed emission of nitrous oxide

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Future processes and elementary flows equivalents

Elementary flows


Carbon dioxide, biogenic (long-term)

Delayed emissions

Delayed reuse/recycling/recovery

Substitution

Temporary carbon storage and delayed emissions


Biogenic Methane

Methane

Methane uptake

Short-term perspective

Climate Change


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.232

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

long-term storage forms

dedicated long-term storage

long-term storage

waste inventory flow


Delayed Emissions

Substitution

Substitution

Substitution

CO2 Uptake

Biogenic Methane

Fossil Methane

Long-term Storage


Methane, biogenic

temporary carbon storage

LCI data sets

Reminder flows


Reminder flow

Reminder flow

Reminder flow

not connected with upstream or downstream processes

Reminder flow

Reminder flow

Reminder flow

Reminder flow


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.233

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Reminder flows

Reminder flows

Reminder flows

ILCD nomenclature


LCI data sets

Modelling agro- and forestry systems

Agricultural production systems

model-based approaches for data collection

Forestry production systems

Industrial production processes

well defined boundary between technosphere and ecosphere


Reminder flows

Reminder flows

Reminder flows

Electricity, reminder flow

Reminder flows

VOC, reminder flow, not impact relevant


Cadmium

Phosphate Fertiliser

Cadmium


Nitrates

Phosphate

pesticides

Ammonium nitrate fertiliser

heavy metals

cadmium

leaching

run-off


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.234

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

fertilisation

nutrients

preceding crop

multifunctionality

substance accumulation


Land Transformation

Land Use Change

Soil Organic Carbon Changes

Forest

Agriculture

Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration

Land Use Change


land transformation

soil organic carbon level

Product Category Rule


Agricultural production systems

Forestry production systems

Fish farming

System boundaries

System boundaries

Pesticide applications

Fertilizer applications

Leaching

Run-off


Land Use Transformation

Land Use Transformation

Forest Biomass Incineration

Soil Organic Carbon Biodegradation

Land Use Transformation Inventory

IPCC-based Factors

IPCC-based Factors

IPCC-based Factors


land transformation

soil organic carbon equilibrium

machine use during conversion

biomass burning

attributional models

consequential models


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.100

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

soil organic carbon

land use transformation

soil organic carbon loss

land use


triangle-shaped allocation pattern

triangle-shaped allocation pattern

land use

land transformation

crop harvest


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.236

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

land transformation

crop production


Land transformation

Land use allocation

Land use

Consequential modelling


Land Use Change Inventory

Land Transformation

Inventory Allocation

CO2 Losses and Bindings

Final Crop Harvesting

Perennial Crop Systems


Land use inventory

Multiple crops per year

Land use function after considered period

Joint production

Annual crops


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

co-products

multifunctionality

multifunctionality

natural goods from converted land


Land Transformation

Land Transformation

Soil Organic Carbon Changes

Sub-annual Crops

Annual Crops

Bi-annual Crops

Reuse of Land


Land use transformation

Emissions in year 0

Long-period emissions

Land use transformation

Peak inventory equivalent to production inventory

Soil organic carbon loss

Land management


land transformation

natural goods from converted land

land use

land transformation

soil organic carbon

Other emissions resulting from land use and land transformation


land use

soil carbon changes

inventory allocation

slash-and-burn agriculture

plantation


Land transformation

Inventory allocation

Land transformation

Crop production


land transformation

tropical forest

slash-and-burn agriculture

bananas

manioc

cassava

XY leaching losses


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.238

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

cropping process

cropping process

surface erosion by water

surface erosion by wind

NO3-

PO4 3-

nutrients


Nutrients

Nitrate

Nitrate

System Expansion

Allocation

Carbon Dioxide

Indirect Land Use Change

Agro- and Forestry Systems Modelling


Agro- and forestry systems

Net interventions

Human land management activities

Attributional modelling

Consequential modelling

Nitrate leaching

No use reference system


Indirect land use

Net interventions

Land transformation

Fertilisers

Agrochemicals

Fertilisers

Fertilisers

Agrochemicals

Agrochemicals


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.239

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

agro- and forestry systems

crop residues

nutrients

system expansion

allocation

Nitrate

Phosphate


Nitrate

Phosphate

heavy metals

Persistent Organic Pollutants

Emissions to soil, unspecified

surface erosion

surface erosion

cropping process

cropping process


Land Use Change

Machine Use

Biomass Burning

Land Use Functions

Attributional Model

Consequential Model


CO2 inventory

land transformation

CO2 emissions from loss of soil organic carbon

machine use during conversion

land transformation related inventory

land transformation related inventory


cropping process

emission to soil

erosive losses

land use

land transformation

Carbon dioxide

land use

land transformation


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

soil organic carbon

CO2 binding

CO2 loss

crop rotations


land use transformation

inventory allocation

single crop harvesting

multiple crops per year

land use function occurring after assessment period


harvesting of wood

annual crops

final crop

inventory


Formula 1

Formula 2

CO2 losses and bindings

land use transformation

soil carbon inventory

plantation establishment

land use inventory

first functional output after transformation


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

agro- and forestry systems

crop harvesting

occurs at half the total production period

inventory allocation

land use shorter than one year

linear sharing of inventory based on duration


land transformation

production inventory

sub-annual crops

annual crops

biannual crops

plantation cycle

land use duration


inventory allocation

inventory allocation

inventory allocation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.242

soil erosion

soil erosion

harvested primary forest wood

land transformation


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Modelling agro- and forestry systems

land use transformation

agro- and forestry systems


soil carbon changes

Other emissions that occur over a longer period than one year after transformation

inventory share

crop


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.243

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

waste flows

radioactive waste

radioactive waste

radioactive waste

waste management


Soil erosion

Carbon dioxide removal and release

Indirect land use

Waste treatment modelling

Reuse

Recycling

Recovery

Reuse

Recycling

Recovery


Waste flows

Waste management


waste management

waste flows

Life Cycle Inventory

system boundary definition

tailings from ore processing

tailings from ore processing

waste management models


waste flows

waste management models

Reminder flows

waste management modelling


Waste

Elementary Flows

Littering

Battery

Complex Goods

Littered Goods


littered goods

single substances

emission elementary flows

reminder flow


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.244

Carbon dioxide

Mass

Naming and other conventions

inventory data sets


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

littered good behaviour

physical effects on wildlife

elementary flow

Waste and end-of-life product deposition

Waste and waste water treatment

Waste management


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.245

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

elementary flows

elementary flows

elementary flows

energy resources

radioactive isotopes


ILCD reference elementary flows

ILCD reference elementary flows

Elementary flows

Elementary flows

Nomenclature and other conventions


Waste Treatment

Disposal to Landfills

Landfill Sites

Radioactive Wastes

Underground Waste Deposits

Unmanaged Landfilling

Littering

Discarding Goods into Nature

LCIA Method

Littered or Landfilled Good


Waste

Production Waste

End-of-life Product

Waste Flow

Secondary Goods

LCIA Method

Reminder Flow


Product and waste flows

Processes

Chemical substances

LCIA method


Elementary flows

Elementary flows

Elementary flows

Elementary flows

ILCD elementary flow categories

LCIA method


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.246

generic data sets

generic data sets

product life cycle

technology routes

raw material bases

data collection


Specific data

Average data

Generic data

Specific data

Specific data

Average data


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

LCI data sets

Generic LCI data

Generic LCI data


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.247

Generic data sets

Specific data

Secondary LCI data sets

Secondary data


Generic data

Generic data

Generic data

Generic data set

Average data set

Represents average situation for process

Waste incineration


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

generic data set

generic data set


foreground process

background system

LCI databases

ILCD Data Network

data sets

background data


methodological consistency

secondary data

secondary data

secondary data

secondary data

primary data

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.248

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

generic background data sets


Reference Flow

Functional Unit

Data Set

Data Set

Data Set

Pre-verified Data Set


process averaging

systems averaging

unit process data set

LCI results data sets


secondary LCI data sets

secondary LCI data sets

secondary LCI data sets

cut-off rules

Attributional modelling

consequential modelling

secondary data sets

secondary data sets

secondary data sets

secondary data sets

secondary data sets

secondary data


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.249

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Blast Oven Furnace process

cradle-to-gate inventory

cradle-to-grave inventory


Cradle-to-gate

BOF steel

Systems averaging

Systems averaging

Processes averaging


production mix

supply mix

consumption mix

consumption mix

production mix

consumption mix

production mix plus imports minus exports


imports

export mix

import mix


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.250

supply mix

production mix

import mix

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis


goods

services

product

average LCI data sets

average BOF steel product data sets


Average data set

Average data set

Inventory data

Production site data

Technology data

Country-specific data


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.251

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Modelling the system

Modelling the system

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis


LCI modelling framework

multifunctionality

allocation criteria

allocation criteria

substitution

superseded processes

system boundaries


cradle-to-gate

cradle-to-grave

product system

product system

use stage

electricity consumption

PVC

unit process


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.252

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

modelling the system

scaling all processes

data gaps


matrix-approach

matrix-approach

matrix tools

process-chain tools

process-chain tools


Electricity consumption

Electricity consumption

Electricity production


System modelling

Quality control

System modelling

LCI results

System boundaries


Process-flow approach

Matrix approach

System Modelling

System Modelling

Foreground system

Process-flow approach

Process-flow approach

Matrix approach

Matrix approach


transport

waste management

mixer-processes

mixer-processes

mixer-processes

foreground system

unit processes

LCI results


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.253

Complete system model

Complete system model

waste flows

reference flow

unit processes

cut-off rules

parameterised process data sets


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Modelling the system

Attributional modelling

Consequential modelling

Process inventory

Process inventory


parameter values

interim quality control

interim quality control

estimate data sets

generic data sets

average data sets


LCI data sets

processes

interim products

wastes

functional unit


ISO+

ISO+

ISO+

correlation with complete process data sets

ISO+


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.254

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

data quality

data quality


multifunctionality

multifunctional processes

multifunctional processes

co-products

waste treatment

multifunctionality


environmental completeness

environmental completeness

life cycle stages

individual processes

elementary flows

omissions

omissions


Co-product

Multifunctional Process

Environmental Impact

Co-product

Recycling

Material

Energy Recovery

Reuse


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.255

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Multifunctionality

Allocation

ISO 14044:2006

Attributional modelling

Consequential modelling


secondary resources

secondary goods

secondary goods

secondary goods

impacts associated with secondary goods

secondary goods


Multifunctionality

Allocation

Substitution

LCI/LCA Study Goal

Multifunctionality

Consequential Modelling

Attributional Modelling

ISO-LCA


Multifunctional black box unit processes

Subdivision

Mono-functional single operation unit processes

Allocation

NaCl electrolysis

NaOH solution

Cl2

H2


NaCl electrolysis

NaCl electrolysis

NaCl electrolysis

electrolysis

allocation

subdivision

virtual subdivision


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.256

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

avoiding allocation by subdivision

avoiding allocation by subdivision

avoiding allocation by subdivision


Subdivision

Black box unit process

physically distinguishable sub-process steps

Subdivision

Virtual subdivision

Inventory data collection

Unit processes with single functional output


Solving multifunctionality of processes

virtual subdivision


virtual subdivision

virtual subdivision

data accuracy


Subdivision

Virtual Subdivision

Allocation

Subdivision

Subdivision


Partial subdivision

Virtual subdivision

Inventory data collection

Unit processes

Multifunctional single operation unit processes

Flow quantification

Flow

Flow


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.257

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

allocation

allocation

allocation criteria

allocation


Environmental Product Declaration


virtual subdivision approach

virtual subdivision approach

market value allocation

market value allocation

end-of-life product recycling

waste treatment


Waste and End-of-Life Product Recycling

Physical Causality

Physical Causality

Physical Causality

Physical Causality

Physical Causality

Physical Causality


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.258

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

reference unit

non-functional flow


virtual subdivision logic

virtual subdivision logic

input products

inventory items


physical causality

non-functional flows

input products

multifunctional single operation unit processes

input products

allocation


round wood

sawmill

sawmill

sawmill

sawmill

sawmill


Component

Polymer Input Flow

Injection-Moulding

Multiple Production Line

Virtual Subdivision


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.259

Cutting process

Cutting process

Mining chemicals

Gold-ore mining

Gold-ore grinding

Gold-ore grinding


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

granite tiles

granite gravel

mining

transport of raw blocks

cutting of blocks


unit process

co-products

input products

energy carriers


chlor-alkali-electrolysis

chlor-alkali-electrolysis

chlor-alkali-electrolysis

allocation by function


gold-ore mining

gold-ore grinding

co-products

non-functional flow

physical causality

co-services

product input


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.260


Transport time

Transport distance

Co-transported goods weight

Co-transported goods volume

Duration and mass

Duration and volume


mass

volume

pieces

duration of assembly

heating

lighting

hall structure


Hall structure

Heating

Lighting

Infrastructure

Storage hall

Freezer

Freezer


enthalpy

enthalpy

Allocation of service inputs to co-produced goods

natural gas flow

Parallel services

Serial services

transport time

storage facilities

transport equipment

manufacturing halls

production equipment


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

enthalpy

electricity

Haber-Bosch-Synthesis

Haber-Bosch-Synthesis

natural gas

enthalpy


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.261

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

allocation


physical characteristic

surface area

service intensity

subdivision


Serial services

Serial services

Allocation criteria

Serial services


Goods transport

Allocation

Allocation

time or distance

mass or volume


Fuel consumption

Emissions

Total starting weight

Total starting weight

Fuel consumption

Passenger mass

Freight mass


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.262

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Personal transport

time or distance AND weight of passengers

Staff business travel

Staff commuting

Retailing

time (duration) of shelf-life AND mass or volume of good

Storage and shelter

time (duration) of use AND volume of good OR area occupied by the good

Transport and communication on infrastructure

time (duration) AND intensity OR bandwidth of use


Land occupation

Temporarily unused land

Restoration activities

Restoration activities


Heating/cooling of space

Heating/cooling of space

Heating/cooling of goods

Private administration services

person time or cost charged for admin services

Public administration services

Public administration services

Cleaning services

Cleaning services

Guarding services

share of product's value among guarded products

Marketing services

share of product implicitly or explicitly addressed by marketing


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.263

capital goods

processing machines

time duration of use

mass volume length of produced good

Economic value

allocation


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Extraction processes

Chemical conversion and waste processing

Manufacturing

Recycling, energy-recovery, reuse

Incineration

Mechanical waste processing


corporate marketing

share of product's value in corporate turnover

Teaching/training services

Teaching/training services

R&D services

R&D services

allocation criterion

mixed cropping


Quality Function Deployment

Quality Function Deployment

Quality Function Deployment

inventory allocation

functional units


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.264

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

production stage

end-of-life stage

use stage

allocation

virtual subdivision


QFD

QFD

QFD

allocation by market price

physical causality

Product Category Rules


virtual subdivision

critical review process

Quality Function Deployment

allocation for multifunctional processes

market price

co-products


economic value

co-products

co-products

allocation

wheat grain production

transport

packaging


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.265

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

grain transport

grain cleaning

economic allocation


combined power plant

combined power plant

market price allocation

market price allocation

electricity delivery

heat delivery


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.266

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

market value allocation

waste fee adjusted market value

Product Category Rules

ILCD Handbook


Volume of goods

Mass of goods

Additional weight of carried goods

Waste Incineration

Cadmium content


wheat grains

wheat straw

fertiliser

wheat cropping

tractor fuel consumption

occupied land

co-transport of goods by truck

weight of goods


recovered heat

co-incinerated waste materials

co-incineration

atmospheric Nitrogen

N-content of waste materials

co-incineration

carbon sources

chlorine sources


Product Category Rules

market price allocation

reuse

recycling

recovery

allocation

subdivision

substitution

system expansion


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.267

buildings and other three-dimensional infrastructure

volume of good OR area occupied by the good

Storage and other functions provided by places and other two-dimensional infrastructure

Transport and communication on roads, railways, pipes, cables, and other one-dimensional infrastructure

intensity (e.g. road wearing impact by vehicles of different weight) OR bandwidth of use


NOx from nitrogen in incinerated fuel

spontaneous NOx in incineration

consumption of auxiliary materials

virtual subdivision

allocation criteria

Product Category Rules


Multifunctional processes

Multifunctional products

Allocation

Physical causality

Physical causality

Multifunctional processes


Heating/cooling of space

Heating/cooling of space

Heating/cooling of goods

Private administration services

Private administration services

Public administration services

Public administration services

Cleaning services

Cleaning services

Guarding services

Marketing services


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

allocation

allocation

Goods transport

Goods transport

Personal transport

Personal transport

Staff business travel

Staff commuting

Retailing

Retailing


Corporate Marketing

Share of Product's Value in Corporate Turnover

Teaching/Training Services

Teaching/Training Services

R&D Services

R&D Services


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.268

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

multifunctionality allocation

Extraction processes

Chemical conversion

waste processing


Determining Physical Causality

Market Price

Market Price

Determining Physical Causality

Lack of Accuracy

Co-functions


market price

allocation criterion

market price

market price

co-functions

lack in accuracy


Two-step procedure for multifunctional products

determining physical causality

waste and end-of-life treatment services


Manufacturing

Manufacturing

Manufacturing

Manufacturing

Manufacturing

Manufacturing

Mechanical waste processing

Mechanical waste processing

Mechanical waste processing

Mechanical waste processing

Recycling

Energy-recovery

Reuse

Capital goods

Capital goods


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.269

Quantitative Flow Diagram

market price

market price allocation

market price allocation


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

multifunctionality

allocation

virtual subdivision principle

Quality Function Deployment

ILCD Handbook


Multifunctionality

Allocation

Attributional modelling

Attributional modelling

Attributional modelling

End-of-life product treatment

Waste treatment


end-of-life products

waste

sorted plastic fraction

allocation

secondary good

aluminium bar


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.270

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

multifunctionality

allocation

recycling

true joint process

waste treatment processes


aluminium bar

aluminium scrap from construction demolishing

waste


End-of-life product

Pre-treated waste

Secondary good


Waste management

End-of-life product

Material recycling

Energy recovery

Waste treatment process

Waste with negative market value

Pre-treatment waste


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.271

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Solving multifunctionality by allocation

two-step allocation

market price


two-step allocation procedure

market value criterion

process step producing valuable product

process step producing valuable product

secondary good

inventory


recycling rate

recycling rate

LCI of primary production

LCI of final waste management

reuse/recycling/recovery


closed loop recycling

open loop - same primary route

metal recycling

fibre recycling

energy recovery from mixed polymer waste

open loop - different primary route

determining physical causal relationships


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.272

Life Cycle Inventory analysis

multifunctionality

allocation

market value allocation


closed loop

open loop - same primary route

open loop - different primary route

total number of cycles

loss at each cycle

allocation


recycled/recovered/reused good

true joint process

true joint process

LDPE incineration

crude oil

secondary good


Allocation

System-wide consistent application of allocation

100 % rule

Allocation criteria

Inventory


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.273

scenario analysis

uncertainty calculations

LCI results

calculation procedures

inventory data


Elementary Flows

Resources

Emissions

Radioactive Waste

Cut-off Criteria

Scenario Analysis

Uncertainty Calculations


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.274

LCI results calculation

impact assessment

impact assessment

LCIA results


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Process inventory

Process inventory

Elementary flows

System boundary

Impact assessment


reference flow

product flow

waste flow

cut-off rules

partly terminated systems


Life Cycle Inventory analysis

Calculating LCI results

unit processes

sub-assemblies

life cycle stages

interim products

wastes

ISO 14044:2006


radioactive waste

waste in underground waste deposits

non-functional product flows

non-functional waste flows

non-functional flows

missing background LCI data

waste management


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.275

LCA

Framework and requirements for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) models and indicators


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


Normalisation

Weighting

Weighting factors

Weighting factors

Normalisation


LCIA methods

LCIA methods selection

ISO 14044

LCIA results calculation


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Classification

Characterisation

Characterisation

Life Cycle Inventory

Characterisation factors

Normalisation factors


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.276

LCIA results

LCIA results

LCIA

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

normalisation

weighting


Classification

Characterisation

Characterisation

Elementary flows

Impact factors


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Impact Assessment

Normalisation

Weighting

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


Global Warming Potential

Human Health

Species Diversity

LCIA Results Calculation

LCIA

Elementary Flows

LCIA Methods


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.277

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

LCIA results

elementary flows

characterized indicator results

characterized impact profile

ILCD Handbook


LCIA Results

Elementary Flows

Elementary Flows

Impact Categories

Elementary Flows

Life Cycle Inventory


Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Characterisation

Cut-off Rules

Cut-off Rules

Reference Flow

Functional Unit


Nomenclature and other provisions

Overarching method provisions for specific elementary flow types


ILCD nomenclature

elementary flows

LCIA methods

impact assessment

LCA databases


Combined ores

resource depletion factors

ILCD Nomenclature and other conventions

ILCD reference elementary flows


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.278

Lead

Zinc

Inert rock

Rock salt

Ammonium nitrate

Ammonium

Nitrate

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


Nitrate

Nitrate

Metals

Metals


Elementary flows

Ammonium

Water solubility

Process-type specific emissions

Diesel engine off-gas

Specific substances emitted

Emissions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.279

elementary flow

characterisation factor

scope step

inventory work


user-created flows

impact factor

elementary flows

Emissions to sub-compartments

Nitrate as Emissions to lakes

Nitrate as Emissions to lakes

impact factor for Nitrate as Emissions to freshwater


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

elementary flows

inventory

composition estimation

cut-off rules


Normalisation

Weighting

Normalisation

Weighting

Normalisation

Weighting

LCIA Results


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.280

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

LCIA results

characterisation factors

elementary flows

ILCD Handbook


ISO 14040

ISO 14044:2006

numerical weighting

normalisation

weighting

LCIA results

interpretation phase


Elementary Flow

Elementary Flow

Characterisation Factor

Characterisation Factor

Global Warming Potential


elementary flow

characterisation factor

midpoint level

endpoint level

long-term emissions

LCIA results


midpoint level indicators

Global Warming Potential

kg CO2equivalents per kg elementary flow

endpoint level indicators

species loss

potentially displaced fraction of species

Human health

LCIA indicator results

elementary flow

characterisation factor


non-generic characterisation factors

generic LCIA methods

LCIA results

non-linear relationships


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.281

manual classification

assigning characterisation factors

manual classification

assigning characterisation factors

Normalisation

Normalisation

Normalisation


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

classification

characterisation

elementary flows

characterisation factors

non-LCA impacts

Life Cycle Inventory


Grouping

Weighting

Weighting

Weighting


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.282

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

normalised LCIA results

weighting

Natural environment damage


Normalisation

Normalisation

Normalised LCIA Results

Normalised LCIA Results

Human Health

Natural Environment

Natural Resources

Weighted LCIA Results

Normalised LCIA Results

Normalisation


Normalisation

Normalisation

LCIA results

Normalised LCIA results

Midpoint level approaches

Endpoint level approaches

Climate change


Normalisation

Normalisation

Weighting

Weighting


Normalisation

Normalisation

Normalised LCIA Results

Normalised LCIA Results

Midpoint Level Approaches

Endpoint Level Approaches


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.283

Weighting

Weighting

Weighting

Weighting


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

weighting

normalisation

weighting

ILCD

scope definition


Weighting

Normalisation

Weighting

LCIA results

Normalised and weighted LCIA results


Weighting

Normalisation

Weighted LCIA Results

Weighting Set


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.284

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

LCIA Results

Weighting

Comparative Assertions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.285

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Inventory model


Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation


Normalisation

Weighting

Normalisation

Weighting

Normalisation

Damage to Natural environment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.286

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Identification of significant issues

Identification of significant issues

Life Cycle Assessment


Interpretation

Functional Unit

System Boundaries

Data Quality

Completeness Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

Unit Process Data

LCI Results

Impact Assessment

System Boundaries

Inventory Data Collection


Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Life Cycle Stages

Processes

Elementary Flows

Scenario Modelling and Analysis


Goal definition

Scope definition

Inventory analysis

Impact assessment

Interpretation

Goal definition

Scope definition

Inventory analysis

Impact assessment


Interpretation

Interpretation

Identification of Significant Issues

Sensitivity Evaluation

Sensitivity Evaluation

Life Cycle Inventory Analysis


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.287

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Contribution analysis

Contribution analysis

Scenario analysis


unit process

input products

waste management processes

life cycle inventories

life cycle inventories

contribution analysis

LCI results

LCIA results


Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Elementary Flows

Process

LCI/LCA Study Results

Life Cycle Stages


Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Dominance Analysis

normalised and weighted environmental impact

Unit Process

Key processes

Elementary flows


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.288

Evaluation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation


Completeness Check

Sensitivity Check

Consistency Check

Sensitivity Check

Sensitivity Check

Interpretation

Interpretation


Goal and Scope Definition

Weighting Sets

Modelling Choices

Contribution Analysis

Significant Issues Identification

System Model Completion

Unit Process Analysis

ISO 14044:2006


Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Inventory items

Inventory items

Contribution analysis

Contribution analysis

Impact categories

Allocation criteria

Substitution approaches

Modelling choices


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.289

Completeness check

Completeness check

Completeness check

Completeness check

cut-off criteria

goal and scope definition


Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Inventory

Environmental Product Declaration


Completeness Check

Elementary Flows

Life Cycle Inventory


LCI data sets

Inventory completeness

Inventory consistency

LCIA methods

Elementary flows

Evaluation

Completeness

Accuracy

Precision

Consistency


elementary flows

elementary flows

completeness


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.290

Life cycle interpretation

Scope definition

Cut-off criteria

Unit process development

Cut-off criteria

Product flows

Product flows

Product flows


mass

energy content

treatment cost

mass

energy content

emissions

regulated emissions


Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Category

ISO 14044

Mass Balance

Energy Balance


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

calorific value

exergy


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.291

Life Cycle Interpretation

Flow

Flow

Goods and services

Goods and services

Background data

Emissions


Legal provisions

Legal provisions

Legal provisions

Abatement technologies

Expert judgement

LCI data sets

Metal sheet


zinc

stainless steel

construction steel

polymers

concrete


data estimate

minimum quality threshold for inventory reporting

LCIA results

LCIA results

normalisation

weighting


stainless steel

construction steel

polymers

concrete

LCI data sets

flows identification

inventory reporting


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.292

Data Quality

High Quality Data

Cut-off Criteria

Unit Process

Flow


Fuel oil heating XY

Fuel oil heating XY

Fuel oil heating XY

Fuel oil heating XY

unit process energy


particle emissions

dioxin emissions

dioxin emissions

legally regulated emissions

economy wide inventory data

industry sector wide inventory data

sector and economy wide data


Process Step Analysis

Process Step Completeness

Data Quality


Economy-wide models

Economy-wide models

Sector-wide models

Economic relationships among sectors

Impact allocation across products

Incomplete data from subset of companies


Life Cycle Interpretation

weighted LCIA results

LCIA


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.293

Negligible processes

Negligible flows

Cut-off procedures

LCI results


Completeness check

Completeness check

Cut-off rules

Cut-off rules

LCI model completeness


Life cycle interpretation

Completeness of environmental impact

Data quality

Negligible flows

System model


mass

energy content

market value

production cost

cut-off rules


Process coverage

Elementary flow coverage

Cut-off approximation

Elementary flows

characterisation factors

Cut-off criteria

Key processes


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.294

completeness

missing flows

element composition

energy content

environmental impact

consumed goods and services


LCIA Methods

Normalisation

Weighting

Inventory Analysis

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment


100% value approximation

data quality levels

low quality data share

negligible flows

cut-off value

LCIA methods

normalisation and weighting


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.295

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

LCI data improvement

completeness assessment

scope definition


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Goal and Scope

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


Sensitivity check

Sensitivity check

Sensitivity check

Sensitivity analysis

Scenario analysis

Uncertainty calculations

Interpretation step

Sensitivity analysis


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.296

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis


Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

waste flows

waste flows

waste flows

elementary flows

elementary flows

comparative assertions

cut-off criteria

cut-off criteria

cut-off criteria


Goal and Scope Definition

System Identification

Functional Unit Definition

LCI Modelling Framework Selection

System Boundary Definition

Cut-off Criteria Quantification

Impact Category Selection

LCIA Method Selection

Interpretation Approach Selection

Consistency Check

Sensitivity Check


Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

LCI data

sensitivity check

multifunctionality


Uncertainty Calculation

Data Uncertainty

Normalisation

Normalisation

Normalisation Data

Normalisation Data

Normalisation Data

Normalisation Data


normalisation data

weighting

weighting level

weighting level

weighting approach

allocation criteria

system expansion


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Inventory Data

Inventory Data

Inventory Data

Inventory Data

Inventory Data

Monte-Carlo Simulation

Scenario Analysis


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.297

Human Toxicity

Ecotoxicity

Acidification

Photochemical Ozone Formation

Global Warming Potential

LCIA

scenario analysis

uncertainty calculation


Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis

LCIA method selection

Normalisation factors

Weighting factors

LCIA results


Sensitivity check

Scenario analysis

LCIA Method

Uncertainty calculation

Normalisation

Weighting

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis


sensitivity analysis

sensitivity analysis

sensitivity analysis

data uncertainty

data quality

data representativeness

data completeness


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.298

sensitivity analysis

sensitivity analysis

inventory data collection

impact assessment

system boundary setting

sensitivity analysis

key data

key data


Sensitivity check

Sensitivity check

Sensitivity check

Sensitivity check

Accuracy

Precision

Accuracy

Precision


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.299

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Sensitivity of LCI items

Sensitivity of LCIA factors

Human toxicity

Ecotoxicity

Global warming

Acidification


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Significant Issues

Stochastic Uncertainty

Systematic Uncertainty

Uncertainty Estimates

Accuracy and Precision of Overall Results

Model Assumptions

Data Gaps

Lack of Accuracy

Key Data

Sensitivity of Significant Issues


Goal and Scope Definition

LCI Data Precision

Consistency Check

Consistency Check

Scope or Goal Revision

Limitations in Conclusions and Recommendations


Human Toxicity

Ecotoxicity

Global Warming

Acidification

Sensitivity of modelling choices and assumptions

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Improve robustness of sensitive issues

Improve robustness of sensitive issues


Consistency check

Consistency check

Consistency check

Consistency check

attributional

consequential

Consistency check


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.300

LCI data

Consistency check

Consistency check

Consistency check

Spatial differentiation

Time-related differentiation

impact factors


Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Inventory data issues

Inventory data issues

Inventory data issues

Impact assessment issues

LCIA elements

LCIA elements

LCI data


Interpretation

Conclusions, limitations, and recommendations


Method consistency

Method consistency

Impact assessment

Impact assessment

Impact assessment

Method consistency


LCIA Method

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

Impact Factors

LCI/LCA Study


Data quality

Data quality

Data quality

Data quality consistency

Data sources

Methodological choices

LCI modelling principles

Allocation criteria

System expansion

Substitution approach

System boundary

Unit process level

System level


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.301

Life cycle interpretation

Identification of significant issues

Evaluation of completeness, sensitivity and consistency

Drawing conclusions

Goal definition


System boundary

Cut-off settings

LCI data quality

LCIA methods

Study limitations

Conclusions


Interpretation

Interpretation

Significant Issues


Comparative Study

Comparative Study

Comparative Study

Machine Cleaning

Manual Cleaning

Water Temperature

Water Exchange Frequency

Running Water Rinsing

Environmental Impacts

Environmental Impacts


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.302


LCA study

limitations

completeness of elementary flows

time-representativeness

climate change impacts

methodological inconsistencies

background data

limitations

limitations


LCI modelling frameworks

allocation rules

system boundary setting

impact assessment

impact categories

elementary flows

inventory data representativeness


Recommendations

Recommendations

Recommendations


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.303

LCA

LCA

Results interpretation

uncertainty analysis


Life cycle interpretation

process

emission

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation


Life cycle interpretation

Uncertainty analysis

Uncertainty analysis


ISO 14044:2006

sensitivity analyses

comparative assertions


comparative assertions

product internal comparisons

comparative assertions

comparative assertions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.304

Life Cycle Interpretation

Comparative studies

Comparative studies

ILCD Handbook


recommendations

LCA study

Situation C1 and C2 studies

comparative and non-comparative LCA studies

Conclusions, limitations, and recommendations


Interpretation

Long-term emissions analysis

Carbon storage and delayed emissions

Reuse/recycling credits

Interpretation conclusions

Data quality requirements

Methodological assumptions


Comparative and non-comparative LCA studies

System's perspective analysis

System's perspective analysis

Worst and best case assumption scenarios

Uncertainty calculations

Default LCIA methods

Spatially differentiated LCIA methods

Long-term emissions analysis

Long-term emissions analysis


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.305

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Assessment

functional unit

data quality

methodological choices

ILCD Handbook


System Boundaries

Inventory Data Quality

Impact Assessment

Recommendations

Recommendations

Recommendations

Methodological Consistency


Effects outside the scope of LCA

Effects outside the scope of LCA

Effects outside the scope of LCA


LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

Recommendations

Key message

Executive summary

Limitations

LCA study


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.306

basket-of-products

goal and scope definition

results interpretation


Life cycle interpretation

Comparative studies

Basket-of-product studies

Comparisons of systems with dominant subjective preference

ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.307


Reporting

Reporting

form and levels depend on deliverable type

Reporting

Reporting

form and levels depend on target audience


Reporting

Reporting

LCI/LCA study results

Data transparency

Methods and assumptions

Limitations documentation


LCI studies

LCA studies

LCA reporting

LCA reporting

LCA reporting

LCA reporting

LCA reporting

LCA reporting

LCA-derived information


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.308

LCIA results

normalised LCIA results

normalised LCIA results

weighted LCIA results

weighted LCIA results

endpoint level impact category results

endpoint level impact category results


LCI/LCA study

LCI/LCA study

LCI/LCA study

LCI/LCA study

LCI/LCA study documentation

LCI/LCA study reporting


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.309

ISO 14044:2006

midpoint level impact category results

LCI results

ILCD Handbook

ISO 14044:2006


SI units

LCA study report

LCA study report

LCA study report

LCA study report

LCA study report

reproducibility

LCIA results


Internal Report

Third Party Report

Internal Report

Third Party Report


Third-party Report

Third-party Report

ILCD Formatted Data Set

Executive Summary

Background Documents


ILCD formatted data set

ILCD formatted data set

ILCD formatted data set

ILCD formatted data set

ILCD formatted data set

review report


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.310

LCA Report

LCA Report

LCA Report

LCA Report

Executive Summary


Comparative studies disclosed to public

Comparative studies disclosed to public

Full LCI results

Executive summary


LCI data sets

sensitivity analysis

assumptions

assumptions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.311

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Reporting


Main part

Technical Summary

Executive Summary

Annex

Confidential report

Technical Summary

Executive Summary

Annex

Annex

Review reports

ILCD reference format

ILCD reference format

ILCD reference format


Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Executive Summary

Technical Summary

Technical Summary

Technical Summary

Technical Summary

Technical Summary

Technical Summary

Technical Summary


System Boundary

System Boundary

Scope Chapter

Scope Chapter


LCIA results

scope definition

goal definition

LCIA results

classification

characterisation

endpoint level results


Goal of the study

Scope of the study

Inventory

Impact assessment

Intended application

Reasons for carrying out the LCI/LCA study

Target audience

System boundaries


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.312

LCI modelling framework

Handling of multifunctional processes

Methodology

LCA

LCA

LCI data

LCI data

LCI data


Inventory

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory

Inventory

Impact assessment methods

Impact assessment methods


Scope

Scope

Scope

Scope

Scope

Scope

Scope

Scope

Reporting method

Reporting method

Reporting method

Reporting method

LCI modelling framework

Handling of multifunctional processes


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

elementary flows


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.313

Interpretation

Completeness check

Sensitivity check

Consistency check

Conclusions

Conclusions

Recommendations

Recommendations


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Reporting

foreground system

background system

unit process data

Calculated LCI results

normalised and weighted LCIA results


Annex

Annex

Annex

Annex

Annex

Sensitivity analysis

Interpretation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.314

ILCD Handbook

Confidential report

ILCD report template

ILCD data set format

LCI/LCA study report


Internal LCA Reports

Documentation of results and conclusions

Internal LCA Reports

Inventory data

Third-party reports

Third-party reports


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.315

Third-party report

Third-party report

Third-party report

Main report

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


LCI/LCA study report

LCA study report

Reports for internal use

document results and conclusions of the LCA in a complete, accurate and unbiased way


ISO 14044:2006

ILCD Handbook

Goal of the study

Goal of the study

Goal of the study


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.316

LCIA results

LCIA results

LCIA results

LCIA results

LCIA results


Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

Reporting Provisions

cut-off criteria

cut-off criteria

cut-off criteria


Scope of the study

function

Scope of the study

functional unit

functional unit

functional unit

Scope of the study

Scope of the study

Scope of the study

system boundary

types of inputs and outputs of the system as elementary flows


Impact Category Definition

Category Indicators

Characterization Models

Impact Category Grouping

Indicator Results

Weighting Factors

System Comparison

Scope Definition


LCIA scope settings

LCIA scope settings

impact categories

characterization factors

characterization models

normalization

weighting

grouping

data quality requirements


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.317

Life cycle inventory analysis

data collection procedures

unit processes

data quality assessment

treatment of missing data

sensitivity analysis

allocation procedures

substitution procedures


Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation

assumptions and limitations

assumptions and limitations

Critical review

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle interpretation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.318

Category Indicators

Category Indicators

Uncertainty and Sensitivity Analyses

Evaluation of Significance of Differences


Critical Review

LCI Results

Assumptions

Data Collection

Confidential Report


Grouping

Grouping

Grouping of impact indicators


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.319

Normalization

Grouping

ISO 14044

Grouping


material and energy flows analysis

data precision assessment

data completeness assessment

data representativeness assessment

system equivalence description

critical review process description

LCIA completeness evaluation

category indicators

category indicators

category indicators


Life cycle impact assessment results calculation

LCIA procedures

LCIA results

LCIA results

LCIA results

sensitivity and uncertainty analysis

normalization

grouping

weighting

substitution or allocation procedures

substitution or allocation procedures


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.321

Critical review

Critical review

Critical review

Scope phase

Critical review


critical review

reviewer qualification

critical review

Review scope, methods, and documentation


Critical Review

Scope Phase

Critical Review

Critical Review

Review schemes for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Reviewer Qualification


Critical review

Scope phase

Critical review

Critical review

Review schemes for Life Cycle Assessment

Critical review


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.322

ILCD Handbook

Critical review document

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.323

ILCD Handbook

ISO 14044:2006

Data quality

Data quality

Data quality

Data quality

Data quality


ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

Methodological appropriateness and consistency

LCI data

inventory data quality


Overall data quality

Documentation

Review

Nomenclature

accuracy

variance

Method

attributional LCI modelling

consequential LCI modelling


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.324

Data Quality

ILCD Data Network


ILCD Handbook

Overall data set quality

Overall data set quality

Overall data set quality

Overall data set quality

Data quality concept

Method


LCI data quality

LCIA methods

LCIA results

Normalisation basis

Weighting set

LCIA methods


LCIA methods

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness

Completeness

Data quality aspects


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.1999

CO2 emissions to air

N2O emissions to air

SO2 emissions to air

NO3 - emissions to water


Representativeness

Representativeness

Limited Appropriateness

Data Set

System Level Representativeness


Representativeness

Representativeness

Appropriateness

Inventory Data Set

Inventory Data Set


CO2 emissions to air

N2O emissions to air

SO2 emissions to air

NO3 - emissions to water

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.326

Methodological appropriateness and consistency

Attributional modelling

Life Cycle Assessment

Method choice

Accuracy


Accuracy

Accuracy

Accuracy

Accuracy

Precision/Uncertainty

Precision

Uncertainty

Completeness


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.327

LCA calculations

LCA calculations

raw data

LCI methods

variance

variability

goods transport


ISO 14044:2006

uncertainty

precision

stochastic uncertainty

accuracy

accuracy

lack of representativeness


load factor

transport distance

emission profile

data variance

Transport process

average transport data set


Precision

Accuracy

Accuracy


Completeness

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Time-related representativeness

Precision

Uncertainty

Process


Completeness

Completeness

Precision

Data quality

Data quality

ISO 14044

ISO 14044


accuracy

precision

completeness

completeness

inventoried flows

precision

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators


validity

completeness

data quality

data quality

data quality

methodological appropriateness

consistency


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.328

LCI Data Quality

LCI Data Quality

LCI Data Quality

LCI Data Quality

LCI Data Quality

LCI Data Quality

LCI

Data and Structural Gaps

Modelling Assumptions


Stochastic Data Uncertainty

Structural Assumptions

Method Appropriateness

Data Representativeness

Quantitative Stochastic Inventory Data Uncertainty


accuracy

precision

stochastic data uncertainty

lack of accuracy

uncertainty calculations

accuracy assessment

completeness


LCIA characterisation factors

normalisation sets

weighting sets

goal definition

LCI data quality

result quality

LCI/LCA study


Environmental Product Declaration

Climate change

Climate change

Primary energy

Acidification

Eutrophication

Summer Smog

ILCD Data Network

three levels of completeness and precision

ILCD Data Network


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.329

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Time-related representativeness


Completeness

product flows

waste flows


ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

ILCD data quality indicators

consistent application of LCI methodologies

ILCD data quality indicators


basic materials industry

IT products

data age


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.1

Completeness

Climate Change

Acidification

Data quality indicators

Data quality indicators

Data quality indicators

Data quality indicators


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.351

Data quality assessment

Good data quality

Fair data quality

Data quality criterion


Completeness

Precision / uncertainty

LCI results

LCIA characterisation factors

LCIA method


Completeness

Precision

Global Warming Potential

Acidification


LCI Data Set

Overall Data Quality

Unit Process

Quality Indicators

Quality Components

ILCD Data Network


Technological representativeness

data quality rating


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.2

ISO 14044:2006

ILCD Handbook

weighting method

scenario analysis


Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Time-related representativeness

Completeness

Precision / uncertainty

LCI data

LCIA results

LCA studies


LCIA results

Characterisation factors

Inventory data

Normalisation

Weighting

Uncertainty calculation

Scenario analysis


Data Quality Rating

Data Quality Rating

Data Quality Rating

overall quality level

High quality

Basic quality

Data estimate


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.334

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD compliance

ILCD compliance


Data quality

Data quality

Method

Method

method consistency

technological representativeness

technological representativeness

method consistency


Nomenclature

Nomenclature

Elementary Flows

LCI Data

Documentation

Documentation

Review


LCI/LCA study

unit process LCI data set

ILCD reference format

ILCD report template

LCIA methods

compliance aspects


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.336

Review scope, methods, and documentation

Chapter 10

Chapter 10.3

Appropriateness of form of documentation

Data quality concept and approach

ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment


Review

data set format

documentation of review findings


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.335

Completeness

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Time-related representativeness

Precision / uncertainty

Method Application of LCI modelling and method provisions


CO2 emissions

CO2 emissions

soil organic carbon stock

soil organic carbon stock

IPCC reports


Native soil carbon stock

Native soil carbon stock

CO2 emissions from land transformation

CO2 emissions from land transformation

CO2 emissions from land transformation

land use factor

land use factor

land use factor

management factor

management factor

input level factor


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.80

Native soil carbon stocks

Land use factors

Long-term cultivated


land transformation

soil carbon stocks

CO2 emissions from land transformation

CO2 emissions from land transformation

ILCD Handbook


error range

small sample sizes


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.339


Land transformation

Land management and input level factors

Cropland

ILCD Handbook

Land management factors

Full tillage

No tillage


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.340

CO2 emissions from land transformation

Land management and input level factors

Grassland

Land-use management

Temperature regime

Input level


Grassland

Grassland

Grassland

Land-use change

Set-aside land


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.341

CO2 emissions from land transformation

CO2 emissions from land transformation

CO2 emissions from land transformation


Nomenclature

Nomenclature

Nomenclature

Terminology

Review type selection

Data quality


annual crop

carbon stock of 5.1 tonnes Carbon per ha

annual crop

annual crop

18.7 tonnes CO2 emissions per ha over 20 years


Native forest

Land management factor

Input factor

Machine operation

Fertiliser production


Set-aside land

Long-term cultivated crop land

Full tillage

High input without manure

High activity clay soils

Land use transformation

Carbon stock loss


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.342

Land transformation

CO2 emissions from land transformation

Land use change

ILCD Handbook

Land transformation CO2 emissions calculation

Reduced tillage low input


soil organic carbon

carbon sequestration

biomass

land transformation


Permanent grassland

Land use transformation

Soil organic carbon

Full tillage with manure

Annual crop production


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.343

Reuse

Recycling

Energy recovery

Modelling reuse, recycling, and energy recovery

Multifunctionality in multi-waste treatment processes


Recycling

Secondary good

Closed-loop recycling

Open-loop recycling

Recycled material

Recovered energy

Reused or further used part or good


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.344

ILCD Handbook

Recycling Modelling

Double Counting

Omission of Recycling

LCI Studies

LCA Studies


Reuse

Reuse

Recycling

Multifunctionality

Multifunctionality

Consequential Modelling

Attributional Modelling

Secondary Material


Soil Organic Carbon Stock

Soil Organic Carbon Stock

Initial Soil Organic Carbon Stock

Final Soil Organic Carbon Stock

Land Use Factor

Land Use Factor

Land Management Factor

Land Management Factor

Input Level Factor

Input Level Factor

Native Soil Organic Carbon Stock

Native Soil Organic Carbon Stock

Formula 6

Formula 6


Reuse/recycling/recovery

Reuse/recycling/recovery

Reuse/recycling/recovery

Reuse/recycling/recovery

Reuse/recycling/recovery

Reuse/recycling/recovery

Secondary good

Reuse/recycling/recovery


Recycling

Allocation hierarchy

System boundary

Physical properties

Secondary good


ISO hierarchy

attributional modelling

consequential modelling

Goal-oriented application of the ISO hierarchy

LCI/LCA study goal

ISO hierarchy


Attributional modelling

Physical properties

Economic value

Number of subsequent uses

Attributional LCI modelling

System generating waste

System using secondary good


Recycling

Recycling

Waste Pre-treatment

Waste Landfilling

Allocation

Substitution

Attributional Modelling

Consequential Modelling


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.345

Consequential modelling

Recycling

Closed loop recycling

True joint process

Avoided production

Reuse/recycling/recovery


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.346

postconsumer paper packaging waste

incineration

energy recovery

recycling

reuse


reuse

recycling

energy recovery

allocation

joint process identification

consequential modelling

secondary good

secondary good


round wood production

round wood production

attributional modelling

attributional modelling

waste

recycling


waste treatment

transport to incineration location

fibre production

papermaking

paper use

round-wood production

round-wood production

electricity


attributional modelling

attributional modelling

attributional modelling

two-step allocation guidance

consequential modelling


Closed-loop recycling

Open-loop recycling

Closed-loop recycling

End-of-life product reuse, recycling, and recovery

High-density polyethylene

Recycled high-density polyethylene

Internal production waste recycling


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.347

open-loop recycling

incineration of post-consumer plastic waste with energy recovery

closed-loop recycling

aluminium keg refilling


Extraction

Material production

Part production & Assembly

Use

Disposal

Xj

Xa

attributional modelling


refillable 5 l aluminium kegs

keg reuse

returned kegs


primary aluminium bar

secondary aluminium bar

Xj

consequential modelling

attributional modelling


Closed-loop recycling

Recycled material

Recovered energy

Reused part/product

Process-internal recycling

Open-loop recycling

Energy recovery

Energy recovery


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.348

Open loop recycling

Closed-loop recycling

Closed-loop same primary route recycling

Consequential modelling


Closed-loop recycling

Closed-loop recycling

Open-loop recycling

Injection moulding

Secondary good

LCA

LCA


Open-loop recycling

Open-loop recycling

secondary good used in different systems

Open loop - same primary route

Open loop - different primary route

Closed-loop recycling

Recycled steel


Material production

Part production

Assembly

Use

Disposal

Disposal


closed-loop recycling

open-loop - same primary route recycling

steel cans recycling to steel cans

steel cans recycling to tailored blanks

secondary steel

recycled polymers


Open loop - same primary route

Open loop - different primary route

Open loop - same primary route

Open loop - different primary route

Waste or end-of-life product

Secondary material


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.349

Material production

Assembly

Use

Disposal

Extraction


Recycling in attributional modelling

ILCD two-step allocation procedure

market value of waste or end-of-life product

valuable secondary good


Open loop recycling

Waste

End-of-life product

Recycling/pre-treatment

Secondary product use

Open loop recycling


ISO 14044:2006

Co-product allocation

Reuse, recycling, and energy recovery modelling

Two-step procedure


Recycling

Disposal1

Use1

Assembly1

Material production1

Extraction1

Use2

Incineration


Recycling

Secondary Good

Attributional Modelling

Recycling Loop


recycling rate

recycling rate

total amount of uses after recycling

total amount of uses after recycling


recycling

secondary good

end-of-life product

secondary good

recyclability

recycling losses


Primary Material

Recycling

Secondary Material

Material Loss

Total Material Use


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.1

Reuse and Recycling

Primary Production

Recycling Loops

Final Waste Management

Recycling Rate


recycling processes

disposal

total inventory

total inventory

manufacture of products

use of products


End-of-life

Beverage delivery

Scrap provision

Aluminium grade production

Aluminium grade production


Primary Production

Reuse/Recycling/Recovery

Aluminium Beverage Can

Aluminium Beverage Can

Co-function: Aluminium Scrap as Secondary Resource

Aluminium Scrap

Production


waste management

reuse

recycling

cradle-to-gate inventory

physical allocation

physical allocation


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

recycled material

recovered material


correction factor

correction factor

market price ratio of secondary/primary material

end-of-life product

waste treatment

ISO 14044:2006


waste treatment

landfilling

incineration without energy recovery

waste treatment inventory


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.373

secondary good

waste incineration

end-of-life product treatment

waste generation

treatment burden


waste

pretreated waste / end-of-life product

physical causality

secondary good

waste treatment


waste or end-of-life product

end-of-life management

burden allocation

two-step allocation procedure


Allocation

Waste Treatment Process

Waste Treatment Process

Waste Treatment Process

Secondary Good

Primary Good

Market Value Threshold


End-of-life products

Waste

Pre-treated waste / EoL product

Secondary good

Use phase

Emissions

Emissions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.354

recyclability substitution approach

recyclability substitution approach

recycled material

pre-treated waste


end-of-life recycling

end-of-life recycling

end-of-life recycling

substitution

substitution


market value criterion

reuse

recycling

secondary good

waste / end-of-life product

market value criterion

Annex C: Modelling reuse, recycling, and energy recovery


Recycling in consequential modelling

Recyclability substitution approach

Recyclability substitution approach

Recycling in consequential modelling

Recyclability substitution approach


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.355

recycling

closed loop recycling

secondary material

primary material

secondary material production


Recyclability substitution approach

Recyclability substitution approach

Recycling

Recycling losses

Collection losses

Recycling efforts

Waste deposition


secondary good quality reduction

secondary good quality reduction


secondary material

primary produced material

secondary material

secondary material

secondary material

secondary material


primary-produced material X

assembly and use stage

recycling-processes-only inventory

recycled end-of-life product

waste disposal processes

secondary material

secondary material


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.356

Recyclability Substitution Approach

Recyclability Substitution Approach

Recyclability Substitution Approach

Open-loop Recycling

Product Reuse

Remaining Lifetime Credit


secondary material X

recycling

avoided disposal

recycled content

primary production

consequential modelling


recycling

primary metal production

useful life

first use

production

use phase


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.357


recyclability substitution approach

table production

end-of-life

avoided production of alternative filler

open-loop system

inventory allocation


Extraction

Material production

Part production & Assembly

Use

Disposal

Recyclability substitution approach

Recyclability substitution approach


Recycling

Disposal

Material production

Use

Extraction

Recycling

Recycling

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.358

Recyclability substitution approach

Recyclability substitution approach

Consequential modelling

Recyclability substitution approach

Secondary good


closed loop recycling

secondary goods

recycled end-of-life product

post-consumer plastic waste

secondary good

functional equivalence


Recyclability

percentage of primary good recoverable in secondary goods

Recyclability

Recyclability

Recyclability

Recyclability


recyclability substitution approach

recyclability substitution approach

secondary good

recycling

recycling

delayed recycling


functional equivalent

market value correction

further use

recycling

joint production

use phase


recyclability substitution approach

recyclability

end-of-life product

waste collection

sorting

recovery

recycling processing

climate change impact discounting

delayed emissions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.359

Reuse

Recycling

Energy Recovery

Material Recyclability

Secondary Material

Design-for-Recycling


Material Degradation

Down-cycling

Recycled Material

Recycled Polymer


Recycled Material

Down-cycled Secondary Material

Secondary Material

Purification Steps

Special Technologies


Refurbishing

Recycling

Recovery

Down-cycling

Paper recycling

Recycled polymers

Greyish colour and reduced processing properties

Design-for-recycling studies

ISO 14044:2006

Changes of inherent technical properties of the secondary good


secondary good

substitution modelling

secondary good


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.360

consequential approach

secondary good

correction-factor


recycled polymer

incinerated plastic waste

recycled polymer

open loop - different primary route recycling


Recycling

Energy Recovery

Closed Loop Recycling

Open Loop Recycling

Recycled Polymer Granulate

Value Correction


consequential modelling

life cycle model

ISO 14044:2006


electricity

electricity production

primary PP replacement


waste incineration plant

10% conversion efficiency to electricity

PP

secondary goods

secondary goods


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.361

secondary good

consequential modelling

secondary good

end-of-life product situation


secondary good

waste depositing

avoided waste treatment


secondary good

secondary good

market value correction

waste depositing


recyclability

actual availability and use of secondary good in market

secondary good

superseding least cost-competitive processes

secondary good

unused secondary good

waste depositing


waste depositing

gate fee

secondary good

waste fee


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.362

recyclability

recycled content

secondary good

recycling

recycling


recyclability substitution

recycling rate

down-cycling

secondary good


value correction

secondary goods quality

recycling credit

secondary good

recyclability substitution approach

avoided waste depositing

recycled content


recycled content approach

high-quality recyclability

recyclability substitution

recyclability substitution

secondary good

low quality secondary goods

low value secondary goods


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.364

ILCD Handbook

Modelling reuse, recycling, and energy recovery


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.363

recyclability substitution approach

avoided future emissions

CO2

CH4

N2O

radiative forcing

goal definition

correction flows


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.365

Goal and Scope Definition

Results Interpretation

Goal and Scope Definition

Results Interpretation


Goal and Scope Definition

Interpretation

Goal Definition

Scoping

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Interpretation


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Scoping

Inventory Phase


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Scoping

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Interpretation


ISO 14044:2006

Time aspects in delayed recycling

carbon storage

delayed emissions

recyclable long-living products

biogenic delayed emissions

fossil delayed emissions

correction flows

correction flows

correction flows


recyclability substitution approach

recyclability substitution approach

recyclability substitution approach

recyclability substitution approach

secondary goods


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.366

Goal and scope definition

Goal and scope definition

scope definition

ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment


Functional unit

Reference flows

Functional unit

unambiguous definition of service or function

Product comparison


wheat cultivation

one hectare

beverage cartons

bottles


Functional Unit

Reference Flow

Plastic Type A

Metal M

Bio-based Material B

Television Set Chassis

Refillable Bottle

One-way Beverage Carton


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.367

Goal and Scope Definition

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Farming Methods

Wheat


Refillable bottle

Beverage carton

Refillable bottle

Refillable bottle

Beverage carton

Refillable bottle

Functional unit

Reference flow

Reference flow


marginal technology

electricity generation

coal-fired power

windpower

electricity technology choice

modelling principle


Inventory Analysis

LCI modelling principle

attributional modelling

consequential modelling

goal of the LCA

functional unit


System boundaries

Inventory analysis

System boundaries

System boundaries

Iterative procedure


System Boundaries

Cut-off Criteria

Cut-off Criteria

Human Toxicity

Ecotoxicity

Elementary Flows

Screening and Iterative Approach


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.368

End-of-life

Retail and shopping

Detergent for washing

Packaging

Special pants

System scope


Capital goods production

Services

Auxiliary materials consumption

Waste treatment

Reuse

End-of-life

Goal and scope definition

Results interpretation


LCIA impact categories

Impact categories


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.369

LCIA methods

normalisation or weighting factors

inventory data

inventory data

inventory data


Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Time-related representativeness

Representativeness


carbon footprint study

energy flows analysis

use stage

electricity

water

detergents

detergent production

detergent use


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.370

Geographical representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Key processes

Technological representativeness


technology A

technology B

generic data from third party databases

technological representativeness

vehicle fuel production technologies

development and maturation levels

lab scale yields and efficiencies


diesel fuel

biomass-based synthetic diesel

raw material bases

plastic X

metal Y

comparative LCA study

company A's own processes

suppliers


Geographical representativeness

Poor geographical representativeness

Data from different regions

Time-related representativeness

Poor time-related representativeness

Technology development over time


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

disposal

best available technology


ITC systems

renewable energy systems

basic materials

energy carriers

plastic-based food packaging

metal food packaging


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.371

Goal and Scope Definition

Comparative LCA

Functional Unit

System Scoping

Modelling Principles

Consistent Scoping


End of Life

Time-related Representativeness

Technology Development


Interpretation Phase

Interpretation Phase

System Boundaries

Technological Representativeness

Geographical Representativeness

Time-related Representativeness


Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Conclusions and Recommendations


household waste

incineration

electricity


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.372

End-of-life

Waste treatment

Goal and scope definition

Comparative studies


Impact Categories

Statistical Treatment

Limitations and Assumptions

Conclusions and Recommendations


comparative studies

environmental impacts

uncertainty analysis

qualitative uncertainty

accuracy of results


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.373

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Goal and Scope Definition

ILCD Handbook


Functional Unit

Ceramic Cup

Single-use Cup


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.374

carbon footprint

use stage

washing of the cups

petrochemical fuels and feedstock

detergents and organic load


Use Stage

Ceramic Cup

Single-Use Cup

Dishwashing

Dishwashing

Use Stage

System Boundary Definition


Carbon Footprint

Production of Ceramic Cups

Ceramic Cup Production

Time-Related Representativeness

Geographical Representativeness


waste incinerators

waste incinerators

coal-based power plants

electricity from incinerator

electricity from coal-based power plants


Reporting and Communication

Conclusions and Recommendations

Limitations and Assumptions

Reporting and Communication


ceramic cups

ceramic cups

ceramic cups

single-use cups

single-use cups

single-use cups

production data representativeness


Single-use cups

Ceramic cup

Single-use cups production

Municipal incineration

Dishwasher operation

Dishwashing water discharge

Electricity production from lignite


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.375

wastewater treatment

detergent contents

dishwasher efficiency

Goal and Scope Definition


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.376

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Goal and Scope Definition


Alternative A

Alternative B

Alternative C

Single-use cups

Single-use cups

Ceramic cups

Ceramic cups


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.377

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

uncertainty assessment

system construction and analysis


Monte-Carlo Simulation

Monte-Carlo Simulation

stochastic uncertainty calculation

stochastic uncertainty calculation

stochastic uncertainty calculation

correlation among data values and impact factors


stochastic uncertainty

choice uncertainty

lack of knowledge of the studied system

stochastic uncertainty

stochastic uncertainty

choice uncertainty

analytical solution

simulation

Uncertainty calculation

Monte-Carlo Simulation


Inventory Analysis

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.378

Allocation Key

Impact Assessment Methodology Choice

Elementary Flows

Impact Assessment Factors

Impact Assessment Factors

Key Assumptions and Choices


Process Data

Assessment Data

Characterisation Factors

Measured Data

Measured Data

Standard Deviation

Choices

Choices


LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

LCIA methodology

LCIA methodology


LCIA Methodology

LCIA Methodology

LCA

LCA results

LCA results


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.379

Ignorance

Ignorance

Peer Review

Stochastic Uncertainties

Choice-related Uncertainties

Stochastic Uncertainties

Uncertainty Aggregation


Power Production

Transportation

Co-variation


Monte Carlo approach

LCA simulation

inventory data

Taylor series

simulation approach


stochastic uncertainty

stochastic uncertainty

analytical solution

simulation

inventory results

final results

final results distribution


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.380

choice-related variation

choice-related variation

stochastic uncertainties

choice-related variation


Monte Carlo simulation

Monte Carlo simulation

inventory data

inventory results

elementary flows

processes

Monte Carlo simulation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.381

System boundary diagram

System boundary diagram

System boundary template

Technosphere

Technosphere

Ecosphere


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

What-If Calculations

Worst Case Scenario

Best Case Scenario

Results Robustness


System Boundary Diagram

System Boundary Diagram

System Boundary Diagram

System Boundary Diagram

System Boundary Diagram

Quantified but Not Completely Modelled Product and Waste Flows

Incomplete Life Cycle Model

Incomplete Life Cycle Model

Cradle-to-Gate


cradle-to-gate

cradle-to-gate

diagram

diagram

excluded items list

excluded items list

life cycle model

life cycle model


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.383


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.382

End-of-life stage

Production stage

Use stage

End-of-life stage

End-of-life stage


ISO 14040:2006

ISO 14040:2006

ISO 14044:2006

ISO 14044:2006


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.384


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.385


Monte Carlo approach

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis

elementary flows

Process

final results


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.386


Production

Recycling / recovery

Use stage

End-of-life stage

Initial waste management

Final depositing

Product or waste flow


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.387


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.388


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.389


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.390


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.391

ISO 14040:2006

ISO 14044:2006

PAS 2050

CEN/TR 13910

CEN/TR 13910


PAS 2050

PAS 2050

EDIP guidelines 2003

AusLCI

JEMAI data collection manual

Japan Environmental Management Association for Industry


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.392


Worldwide LCI Database for Industry Steel Products

European LCI Database for Coiled Flat Stainless Steel Products

Guideline on Liquid Packaging Board (LPB) LCI data compilation

Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Assessments of Automotive Materials


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.393


European Database for Corrugated Board Life Cycle Studies

Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminium: Inventory Data for the Worldwide Primary Aluminium Industry

Eco-Profiles of the European Plastics Industry

PlasticsEurope Eco-profiles and Environmental Declarations - Life Cycle Inventory Methodology and Product Category Rules


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.2007


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.415

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.416


Dynamic life cycle assessment

goal and scope

inventory analysis

consequential life-cycle assessment

Life Cycle Inventory programme


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.2


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.4


ILCD Handbook

International Reference Life Cycle Data System

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.5


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.8

LCA Handbook

LCA Handbook

LCA Handbook


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.13


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

environmental impacts


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.9

Environmental Life Cycle Assessment

LCA in environmental policy


LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

cascade systems


Allocation

Allocation

desk study


USES 2.0

toxicity factors

fate analysis


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.11


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.10

Part 1 - LCA in perspective

Part 2a - Guide

Part 2b - Operational annex

LCA project design

Simplified LCA


Part 3

Part 3

Guide


Part 2a

Part 2b

Part 2b

Part 3

in-depth analysis


ISO standards

UNEP


Dutch Guide to Life Cycle Assessment

Dutch Guide to Life Cycle Assessment

Centre of Environmental Science - Leiden University

LCA methodology

ISO standards


Part 1: LCA in perspective

Part 2: Guide

Part 3: Scientific Background

Part 2a

Part 2b: Operational Annex


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Compilation and Evaluation of Inputs and Outputs

Life Cycle Assessment


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.12

LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA projects

ISO

SETAC

UNEP


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.6

Cradle-to-Grave Analysis

Cradle-to-Grave Analysis

LCA

Final Consumption

Unit Processes


aluminium production

steel production

aluminium car

Life Cycle Assessment


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Product System

Environmental Burden

Environmental Burden

Environmental Burden

Recycling

Reuse

Final Disposal


LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.7

Blue Angel

Green Swan

eco-design

LCA

LCA

LCA


One-way packaging

Reusable packaging materials

Waste management

Biomass use

Freight transport

EU Packaging Directive


LCA

LCA

LCA

building industry

freight transport


LCA

LCA

electricity production

aluminium production


LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

benchmarking of business and governmental activities

LCA


LCA

environmental impacts

environmental impacts

ISO standardisation process

LCA databases

database format standardisation


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


eco-design

LCA

LCA

car design process

full LCA


LCA studies

LCA projects

decision-making situations


LCA

LCA

Risk Assessment

Substance Flow Analysis

Substance Flow Analysis


Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

evaluating economics of product life cycle

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Production


Global exploration

Company-internal innovation

Sector-driven innovation

Strategic planning

Comparison

Comparative assertion


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


Eco-labeling

EU Eco-labeling programmes

Blue Angel eco-labeling programme

Green Swan eco-label

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


Life Cycle Assessment

Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis

Energy Analysis

Product Ecobalance

SETAC


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.1998

Code of Practice

Code of Practice

ISO


SETAC LCA Section

SETAC LCA Section

European Working Groups

North American Working Groups

Code of Practice for LCA


ISO 14000 series

ISO 14001

ISO 14040 series

ISO 14040 series

ISO 14040

ISO LCA standards

ISO LCA standards


ISO 14041

ISO 14041

ISO 14042

ISO 14043

CD 14047

TR 14049


TR 14062

Environmental aspects integration into product development

TR 14062

ISO LCA series

ISO LCA series


ISO 14040

UNEP

Life Cycle Assessment


Life Cycle Assessment: What it is, and what to do about it

Towards Global Use of Life Cycle Assessment

SETAC

UNEP

Life Cycle Inventory Phase

Environmental Impact Categories


Present Guide

Present Guide

Present Guide

Present Guide

Present Guide

sensitivity analysis


LCA

Part 1

Part 2

Part 1

Part 1

Part 1


Part 2a

Part 2a

Part 2b

Part 2b

Part 3

Inventory Phase

Impact Assessment Phase


guinee:Guinée et al., Handbook on LCA: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards (2002), p.23


SETAC

SETAC