Use of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Use of window, U, MIOW

Use of window, U, MIOW

RER: alkyd paint, white, 60% in solvent, at plant

Use of window, U, MIOW

GLO: truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro4, cargo |>34–40 t total cap. /27 t payload capacity

Use of window, U, MIOW

GLO: truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro3, cargo |>12–14 t total cap

Production of window pane, 2-layered, U, MIOW

Use of window, U, MIOW

DE: polyethylene, incineration (PE, Adapted)

Use of window, U, MIOW

DE: paper/cardboard, incineration (Adapted)


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1107

triethylene glycol

acrylic binder

wood preservative

electricity

zinc coating

polyvinylchloride injection moulding part

glass fibre-reinforced plastic


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1109

Disposal of aluminium, U, MIOW

Disposal of aluminium, U, MIOW

CH: disposal, aluminium, 0% water, to municipal incineration

Disposal of aluminium, U, MIOW

CH: disposal, wood untreated, 20% water, to sanitary landfill

Aluminium recycling, U, MIOW


Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Production of window frame, U, MIOW

Window frame, U, MIOW


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1108

diesel, low-sulphur, at regional storage

truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro4, cargo |>34–40 t total cap. /27 t payload capacity


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1110

Aluminium recycling, U, MIOW

Aluminium recycling, U, MIOW

Disposal of EPDM, U, MIOW

Disposal of EPDM, U, MIOW

Disposal of EPDM, U, MIOW

disposal, polypropylene, 15.9% water, to sanitary landfill


Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

Disassembly of window, U, MIOW

GLO: truck PE <u-so> technology mix, diesel driven, Euro4


Disposal of EPDM, U, MIOW

Disposal of polypropylene

Disposal of polypropylene

Disposal of glass, U, MIOW

Disposal of glass, U, MIOW


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1111

CH: disposal, building, glass pane (in burnable frame), to sorting plant, U, MIOW

RER: flat glass, uncoated, at plant (inverted)

RER: glass, cullets, sorted, at sorting plant

CH: disposal, glass, 0% water, to inert material landfill


excavation, hydraulic digger

electricity, low voltage, at grid

sorting plant for construction waste

Disposal of silicone, U, MIOW

disposal, plastics, mixture, 15.3% water, to municipal incineration


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1112

Disposal of wood, U, MIOW

Wood incineration, U, MIOW

Wood (natural) in municipal waste incineration

Wood incineration, U, MIOW

Aluminium disposal to municipal incineration

Wood incineration, U, MIOW

Copper disposal to municipal incineration


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1113

Disposal of steel, U, MIOW

Disposal of steel, U, MIOW

CH: disposal, steel, 0% water, to municipal incineration

Disposal of steel, U, MIOW

CH: disposal, steel, 0% water, to inert material landfill

Steel recycling, U, MIOW


disposal, copper, 0% water, to municipal incineration

disposal, zinc in car shredder residue, 0% water, to municipal incineration

disposal, paint, 0% water, to municipal incineration

municipal incineration


Steel recycling, U, MIOW

Disposal of PVC, U, MIOW

Disposal of PVC, U, MIOW

Disposal of PVC, U, MIOW

disposal, polyvinyl chloride, 0.2% water, to sanitary landfill


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1114

Disposal of composite, U, MIOW

Disposal of composite, U, MIOW

Heat, DK, SERF

Heat, DK, SERF

heat, softwood chips from industry, at furnace 50 kW

Heat, DK, SERF

heat, heavy fuel oil, at industrial furnace 1 MW

Heat, DK, SERF

heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace >100 kW

Heat, DK, SERF

heat, hard coal briquette, at stove 5–15 kW


RER: heat, natural gas, at industrial furnace >100 kW

RER: heat, hard coal briquette, at stove 5–15 kW

CH: heat, bio-waste, at waste incineration plant, allocation price

CH: heat, at cogen, biogas agricultural mix, allocation exergy

CH: heat, at heat pump 30 kW, allocation exergy

CH: heat, at solar + gas heating, tube collector, one-family house, combined system

incineration of straw

incineration of non-renewable waste


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1117


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1115

Heat, EU27, MIOW

Heat, EU27, MIOW

Heat, EU27, MIOW

Heat, EU27, MIOW

Heat, EU27, MIOW

heat, bio-waste, at waste incineration plant, allocation price


Carbon dioxide

Carbon dioxide (biotic)

Carbon dioxide, land transformation

Cadmium (+II)

Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone)


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1116

1,1,1-trichloroethane

1-butanol

Acenaphthene

Acetaldehyde

Acetic acid

Acetone

Acetonitrile

Acrolein

Acrylic acid

Aldehyde

Alkane

Alkene

Aluminium

Ammonia

Ammonium

Ammonium carbonate

Ammonium nitrate


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1118


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1119


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1120


NMVOC

Group PAH

Halogenated hydrocarbons (unspecified)

Halogenated organic emissions

Halon (1211)

Halon (1301)

Heavy metals

Helium

Heptane (isomers)

Hexachlorobenzene

Hexafluorosilicates

Hexamethylene diamine

Hexane (isomers)

Hydrocarbons (unspecified)

Hydrocarbons, aromatic


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1121


Dioxins (unspec.)

Dust (>PM10)

Dust (PM10)

Dust (PM2,5–PM10)

Dust (PM2.5)

Dust (unspecified)

Ethane

Ethanol

Ethene (ethylene)

Ethine (acetylene)

Ethyl benzene

Ethyl cellulose

Ethylene acetate (ethyl acetate)

Ethylene oxide

Ethylenediamine

Exhaust

Fluoranthene

Fluorene


Hydrogen phosphorous

Hydrogen sulphide

Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene

Iodine

Iron

Isocyanide acid

Isoprene

Lead (+II)

Lead dioxide

Magnesium

Manganese (+II)

Mercury (+II)

Methane


Carbon disulphide

Carbon monoxide

Carbon monoxide (biotic)

Carbon tetrachloride (tetrachloromethane)

Chloride (unspecified)

Chlorine

Chloromethane (methyl chloride)

Chromium (+III)

Chromium (+VI)

Cobalt

Copper (+II)

Cyanide (unspecified)


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1123


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1122

Methyl tert-butylether

Molybdenum

Monoethanolamine

Naphthalene

Nickel (+II)

Nitrate

Nitrogen (atmospheric nitrogen)

Nitrogen dioxide

Nitrogen monoxide

Nitrogen oxides

Nitrous oxide

NMVOC (unspecified)

Octane

Organic chlorine compounds

Organic emissions to air (group VOC)

Other emissions to air

Oxygen

Ozone


Organic emissions to air (group VOC)

Particles to air

Ozone

Pentane (n-pentane)

Pentachlorobenzene

Pentachlorophenol (PCP)

Phenanthrene


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1124


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1125


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1126


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1127

Biological oxygen demand

Chemical oxygen demand

Beryllium

Cadmium (+II)

Boron

Bromine

Calcium (+II)


Acid (calculated as H +)

Acrylic acid

Acrylonitrile

Adsorbable organic halogen compounds (AOX)

Alkane (unspecified)

Alkene (unspecified)

Aluminium (+III)

Ammonia

Ammonium/ammonia

Anthracene

Antimony

Aromatic hydrocarbons (unspecified)

Arsenic (+V)


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1128


Tin oxide

Titanium

Toluene

Trichloromethane

Uranium

Vanadium

Vinyl chloride

Xylene

Zinc

Zinc oxide

Zinc sulphate

1,2-dibromoethane


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1130


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1129

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide

Ethylene oxide

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde

Formaldehyde

Heavy metals to freshwater

Heavy metals to freshwater

Heavy metals to freshwater

Heavy metals to freshwater

Hydrocarbons to freshwater

Hydrocarbons to freshwater

Hydrocarbons to freshwater

Hydrocarbons to freshwater


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1131


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1133


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1132


Chlorine compounds (unspecified)

Organic compounds (dissolved)

Organic compounds (unspecified)

Phenol (hydroxy benzene)

Particles to freshwater

Phosphate

Phosphorus


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1134


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1135


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1136


Copper (+II)

Cypermethrin

Lead (+II)

Mercury (+II)

Iron

Manganese (+II)

Glyphosate

Heavy metals to agricultural soil

Inorganic emissions to agricultural soil


Xylene (isomers; dimethyl benzene)

Xylene (meta-Xylene; 1,3-Dimethylbenzene)

Xylene (ortho-xylene; 1,2-Dimethylbenzene)

Zinc (+II)

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

Aclonifen

Aldrin

Aluminium

Antimony

Arsenic (+V)

Atrazine

Barium

Benomyl

Bentazone

Cadmium (+II)

Carbetamide

Carbofuran


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1137

Chlorine

Chromium (+III)

Chromium (+VI)

Chromium (unspecified)

Cobalt

Copper (+II)

Fluoride

Glyphosate

Heavy metals to industrial soil

Iron

Lead (+II)

Magnesium (+III)

Manganese (+II)

Mercury (+II)

Nickel (+II)


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1138


Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Pesticides to agricultural soil

Emissions to industrial soil

Emissions to industrial soil

Emissions to industrial soil

Emissions to industrial soil

Emissions to industrial soil

Emissions to industrial soil


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1139

Copper (+II)

Cresol (methyl phenol)

Cyanide

Ethyl benzene

Fatty acids (calculated as total carbon)

Fluoranthene

Fluoride

Glutaraldehyde

Halogenated organic emissions to sea water


Sodium (+I)

Strontium

Sulphate

Sulphide

Sulphur

Zinc (+II)

Acenaphthene

Acenaphthylene

Acetic acid

Alkane (unspecified)

Alkene (unspecified)

Aluminium (+III)

Ammonia

Ammonium/ammonia

Anthracene

Aromatic hydrocarbons (unspecified)


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1140

Heavy metals

Hydrocarbons (unspecified)

Lead (+II)

Mercury (+II)

Nickel (+II)

Iron

Magnesium

Manganese (+II)

Nitrate

Iodide


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1141


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1142


Pesticides to sea water

Phenol (hydroxy benzene)

Phosphate

Phosphorus

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH, unspec.)

Potassium

Selenium

Silver

Sodium (+I)

Solids (suspended)

Strontium

Sulphate

Sulphide

Sulphur

Tin (+IV)

Titanium

Toluene (methyl benzene)

Total dissolved organic bounded carbon


Land use

Climate change

Freshwater ecotoxicity

Freshwater eutrophication

Human toxicity (cancer)

Ionising radiation (human health)

Human toxicity (non-cancer)

Marine eutrophication

Resource depletion (minerals, fossils)

Stratospheric ozone depletion

Particulate matter formation

Photochemical ozone formation

Terrestrial acidification


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1143

Land use

Climate change

Freshwater ecotoxicity

Freshwater eutrophication

Human toxicity (cancer)

Ionising radiation (human health)

Human toxicity (non-cancer)

Marine eutrophication

Resource depletion (minerals, fossils)

Stratospheric ozone depletion

Particulate matter formation

Photochemical ozone formation

Terrestrial acidification


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1144


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

European Commission Joint Research Centre

International Reference Life Cycle Data System

Characterization factors


Characterization factors of the ILCD recommended life cycle impact assessment methods

Ecoinvent Data v2.2

Technology Data for Energy Plants

Technology Data for Energy Plants


Handbook on Life Cycle Assessment: Operational Guide to the ISO Standards


ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

Ecological Scarcity Method

Ecological Scarcity Method

Capital goods


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1145

ISO 14044:2006

Characterization Modeling

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

USEtox


USEtox

USEtox

USEtox


Life Support Functions

fertile land

atmospheric dispersion models

ecosystem sensitivity

characterisation factors

acidifying emissions

eutrophying emissions


ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

Harmonised category indicators at midpoint and endpoint level

Accumulated Exceedance

Accumulated Exceedance


hauschild:39 Illustrative Case Study: Life Cycle Assessment of Four Window Alternatives, p.1146


ISO 14044:2006

ILCD Handbook Chapter 38

LCA Study

LCA Report


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

LCA

Life Cycle Thinking


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1147

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

LCIA methods


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1148

LCIA methods

ILCD handbook on LCIA recommended practice in Europe

category indicators

Hauschild et al. (2013)


IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

LC-Impact

LC-Impact

LCIA methods


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1149

Political targets

Distance-to-target approach

Political thresholds


Swiss Eco-scarcity method

MEEuP approach

Swiss Eco-scarcity method

MEEuP approach

distance-to-target approaches

ILCD handbooks on LCIA


LCIA method

LCIA method implementation


ReCiPe 2008

endpoint characterization factors published

ReCiPe 2008

midpoint characterization factors not yet available

ReCiPe 2016

LIME

LIME

ILCD handbooks on LCIA


LCIA methods

Tables 40.1 and 40.2

ILCD handbook on LCIA

ILCD handbook on LCIA

ILCD handbook on LCIA


Midpoint characterisation methodologies

LCIA methods

Impact categories

Category indicators

Characterisation models


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1150

Exposure

Exposure

Effect modeling

Marginal impact modeling

Marginal impact modeling


LCIA Methods

Table 40.1

Table 40.2

Table 40.2


Human health effects

Ecosystem effects

Biotic resources effects

Fate modeling

Exposure modeling

Fate modeling

Exposure modeling

Exposure modeling


Impact Category

Impact Category

Impact Category

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

Characterisation model


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1151

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

time horizon


Impact modeling approach

Non-linearities of impacts

Average impact modeling approach

Average impact modeling approach

LCIA Method

Emission compartment characterisation factors


Impact Category

Time Horizon Inconsistency

Time Horizon Inconsistency

Endpoint Scores

Characterisation Model


Characterisation model

Characterisation model

Spatial differentiation

Spatial differentiation

Spatial differentiation


LCIA Method

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

LCIA Method

Characterisation factor

Elementary flow


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1152

CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

EDIP 2003

ReCiPe 2008

TRACI 2

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+


Global Warming Potential

Global Temperature Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Temperature Potential


Global Warming Potential

GWP2

GWP2

Global Warming Potential

GTP


Impact World+

Impact World+

Impact World+

Impact World+

Impact World+

Impact World+

Impact World+


Ozone Depletion

ODP5

Ozone Depletion

Global degradation in stratospheric O3 concentration

CO2 equivalents


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1153


Particulate Matter Formation

PM10 Emissions to Air

CALPUFF Model

USEtox

Secondary PM from SO2 and NOx

Secondary PM from NH3

RiskPoll


Effect modeling

Endpoint-based indicator

Dose-response

Dose-response

Dose-response

Dose-response

Chronic mortality

Dose-response


Air

Marginal approach

Time horizon

Discounting

Spatial differentiation

Region modelled

Region modelled


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1154

Photochemical Ozone Formation

Photochemical Ozone Formation

Photochemical Ozone Formation

Ozone

VOC

Marginal increase in long term ozone levels


RAINS

Maximum Incremental Reactivity

Exposure modeling

Exposure modeling

Exposure modeling

Effect modeling

Human health

Vegetation

WHO guidelines


Photochemical Ozone Formation

Photochemical Ozone Formation

POCP

LOTOSEUROS

Fate modeling

Volatile Organic Compounds

NOx


CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

EDIP 2003

ReCiPe 2008

TRACI 2

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

VOCs

NO

NO2


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1155

Ionizing Radiation

Frischknecht et al. (2000)

Ionizing Radiation

Garnier-Laplace et al. (2008; 2009)

Dreicer et al. (1995)

Dreicer et al. (1995)


Nuclear Fuel Cycle

Radionuclides

Radionuclides

Exposure Modeling

Inhalation

Ingestion

External Irradiation

Effect Modeling


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1156

Pesticide Residues in Food

Effect Modeling

Linear Slope Factor


USES-LCA 1.0

CalTOX 4.0

IMPACT 2002

EDIP

USES-LCA 2.0

USEtox 1.0

USEtox 2.0


USEtox 1.0

Mechanistic, nested, multimedia, mass-balance model

USEtox 1.0

USEtox 2.0

USEtox 2.0

Fate modeling

Exposure modeling


C-14

C-14

C-14

C-14

C-14

DALY

CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

EDIP 2003

ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008


Marginal

Marginal

Time horizon

Time horizon

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment


agricultural soil

natural soil

rural air

urban air

water

Europe

USA


CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

EDIP 2003

ReCiPe 2008

TRACI 2

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1157

USES-LCA 1.0

CalTOX 4.0

IMPACT 2002

EDIP1997

USES-LCA 2.0

USEtox 1.0

USEtox 2.0

USES-LCA 1.0

USES-LCA 1.0

USES-LCA 1.0


Fate/exposure modeling

Mechanistic nested multimedia mass-balance model

Mechanistic closed multimedia mass-balance model

Effect modeling

Effect modeling


Marginal

Time horizon

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Region modelled

Region modelled

Level of spatial differentiation


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1158

RAINS model

EMEP

CARMEN model

removal of nutrients in hydrological cycle

EUTREND

EUTREND

CARMEN


Freshwater Eutrophication

Spatial differentiation at 0.5°x0.5° resolution scale

Marine Eutrophication

Spatial differentiation at 2°x2.5° resolution scale

Aquatic Eutrophication

Spatial differentiation factor 3-7 between European countries

Characterization Factors

Available at global, continental, country, and fine scale


GEOSchem model

Exposure modeling

Effect modeling

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Emission compartment


Eutrophication

Eutrophication

Eutrophication

TRACI 1.0

CML-IA

ASTRAP

WSAG topological network

EMEP

Redfield ratio


Terrestrial Eutrophication

Freshwater Eutrophication

Marine Eutrophication


Freshwater Eutrophication

Marine Eutrophication

Freshwater Eutrophication

Terrestrial Acidification

Freshwater Eutrophication

Marine Eutrophication

Terrestrial Eutrophication

CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

EDIP 2003

ReCiPe 2008

TRACI 2

ILCD/PEF/OEF


EUTREND model

EUTREND model

EUTREND model

Accumulated Exceedance

Accumulated Exceedance

Distinction between exposure of N- and P-limited systems

freshwater eutrophication


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1159

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

Acidification

RAINS model

ASTRAP model


EUTREND model

EUTREND model

SMART 2 model

EMEP model

EMEP model

GEOSchem model

GEOSchem model

GEOSchem model

Exposure modeling

critical load

deposition

sensitive areas


Acidification Potential

Terrestrial Acidification

Soil Sensitivity Factor

Change in Soil Solution H+ Concentration

PROFILE Geochemical Steady-State Model

Effect Modeling

Dose-Response Slope

Acidification Potential


Emission Scenario

Emission Scenario

Emission Scenario

Emission Scenario

Emission Scenario

Emission Scenario

Emission Scenario

Characterization Factors

Characterization Factors

Characterization Factors

Characterization Factors


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1160

Biodiversity

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem services

Biodiversity

Ecosystem services


Acidification Potential

Acidification Potential

Acidification Potential

CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

EDIP 2003

ReCiPe 2008

TRACI 2

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

NH3

NOx

SO2

H2S

SO3

H2SO4

HCL

HF


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1161

Cumulative Energy Demand

Criticality

Fossil fuels

Minerals

Renewables


Abiotic Resource Depletion

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Eco-Indicator 99

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Land use

Land use

Cumulative Energy Demand

TRACI 1.0


Land use

Land surface used

Land surface used

Land surface used

Land surface used

Biodiversity

Ecosystem services

Erosion resistance capacity

Freshwater recharge potential

Mechanical filtration potential

Chemical filtration potential

Biotic production potential

LANCA 2.0

Net blue water consumption


Land Use

Land Use

Occupation

Occupation

Biodiversity

Erosion Resistance Potential

Mechanical Filtration

Groundwater Replenishment

Biotic Production Potential

CML-IA

TRACI 1.0

IMPACT 2002+

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF


Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential

based on extraction rates and ultimate reserves

Guinée and Heijungs characterisation model

Hauschild and Wenzel model

Fossil fuels and mineral resources

extraction

Abiotic Depletion Potential

Criticality

Cumulative Energy Demand


Abiotic Depletion Potential

Abiotic Depletion Potential

Water deprivation

AWARE model


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1162

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

Ozone Depletion Potential

Chlorofluorocarbon


ILCD recommended approach

Total Suspended Particulate matter

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential

Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds


AWARE model

represents relative Available WAter REmaining per area in a watershed

Water Deprivation

Water Deprivation

AWARE model

spatial differentiation at country, watershed, and global levels

AWARE model


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1163

STEPWISE


EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact


LIME 1.0

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

Normalisation factors

Weighting scheme

Cultural perspectives

Cultural perspectives

Cultural perspectives

LIME 1.0

ReCiPe 2008


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1164

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Climate change

Absolute Global Temperature Potential


Human health

Human health

Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Abiotic resources

Ecological productivity

Ecosystem quality

Ecosystem quality

Resources

Climate change

Social welfare

Primary production

CF2 core


Global Warming Potential

Human health effects

Human health effects

Human health effects

Human health effects

Human health effects

Human health effects

Ecosystem effects


De Schryver et al. 2009

Hanafiah et al. 2011

Biotic resources effects

Biotic resources effects

Biotic resources effects

Ecosystem service loss

Ecosystem service loss

Ecosystem service loss


Ozone depletion

EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

Skin cancer

Cataract


Skin cancer

Cataract

Skin cancer

Cataract

Biotic resources effects

Net Primary Productivity

Net Primary Productivity


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1165

Chronic Mortality

Acute Mortality

Acute Respiratory Morbidity

Acute Cardiovascular Morbidity

Dose-response

Dose-response

Dose-response

Air


van Zelm et al. (2016)

van Zelm et al. (2016)

Fate/exposure modeling

Fate/exposure modeling

TM5-FASST

Humbert (2009)

Gronlund et al. (2015)

Effect modeling

DALY


Global Warming Potential

Region modelled

Region modelled

Region modelled

Atmospheric conditions

Level of spatial differentiation

Emission stack height

Environment type


EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

Particulate matter formation

Eco-Indicator99

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1166

Ozone Conversion Equivalency Factors

Fate modeling

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential


Photochemical Ozone Formation

Photochemical Ozone Formation

EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator 99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact


Primary PM10

Secondary PM10

Secondary PM10

Secondary PM10

Secondary PM10

Primary PM2.5

Secondary PM

Secondary PM

PM2.5

PM2.5

PM2.5

CO


POCP16

POCP16

Fate modeling

Fate modeling

Exposure modeling

Exposure modeling


Effect modeling

Linear exposure-response funcƟons

Linear exposure-response funcƟons

Human health

VOC

NOx

POCP


Ozone

Ozone

NOx

NMVOC


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1168

USES-LCA 2.0

Mechanistic, mass-balance model developed for LCA

USEtox 2.0

USES-LCA 2.0

USEtox 2.0

USES-LCA 2.0

USEtox 2.0


pesticide residues

Unit-Risk concept

inhalation exposure to heavy metals

sick house syndrome

ED5024


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1167

Effective dose

Exposure modeling

Inhalation

Ingestion

External irradiation

Effect modeling

Air

Water

Radionuclides

Radionuclides

DALY

PDF


Human toxicity

Human toxicity

Human toxicity

Human toxicity

Cancer effects

DALYs

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact


EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator 99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

Frischknecht et al. (2000)

Garnier-Laplace et al. (2008; 2009)


DALY


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1169


Huijbregts et al. (2005)

IMPACT 2002+

time horizon

time horizon

emission compartment

emission compartment

emission compartment

spatial differentiation

region modelled

region modelled


EUSES 1.0

IMPACT 2002

USES-LCA 2.0

USEtox 2.0

IMPACT 2002

USES-LCA 2.0

USEtox 2.0


Effect modeling

Average toxicity

Emission compartment

Emission compartment

Air, freshwater, marine water, agricultural soil, natural soil

Time horizon

Time horizon

Spatial differentiation

Region modelled

Global average, 16 subcontinental zones, 8 continental zones


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1170

Freshwater

Marine

GEOSchem model

N

P


EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

IMPACT 2002

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0


EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

EUTREND

CARMEN


Marine eutrophication

Freshwater eutrophication

Marine eutrophication

Freshwater eutrophication

Cosme and Hauschild (2016)

Cosme and Hauschild (2016)


Cosme and Hauschild (2017)

Exposure modeling

N emissions

P emissions

Mineralisation

P-limited systems

N-limited systems

Linear dose-response relationship

oxygen depletion


Freshwater Eutrophication

Freshwater Eutrophication

Freshwater Eutrophication

Marine Eutrophication

Marine Eutrophication

NH3

NOx

CML

CML


Freshwater ecosystems

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Oxygen depletion

Freshwater ecosystems

Marine ecosystems


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1171

Freshwater Acidification

Freshwater Acidification

Freshwater Acidification

Freshwater Acidification

Critical Load

SO2

Terrestrial Acidification

Soil Sensitivity Factor


PROFILE

H+ Deposition

Soil Acidification

H+ Deposition

Base Saturation

Effect Modeling

H+ Concentration

Effect Factor


Freshwater Acidification

H+ concentration change in lake

Marine Acidification

Terrestrial Acidification

Acidification

Acidification


SO2

SO3

SOx

NH3

NO

NO2

NOx

HCL

PDF6


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1172

EPS 2000

EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

LC-Impact


Ecosystem services

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem services

Biodiversity

ERP

MWPP

PCWPP

FWRP

BPP


Erosion Resistance Capacity/Potential

Freshwater Recharge Potential

Mechanical Filtration Potential

Chemical Filtration Potential

Biotic Production Potential

Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Biodiversity

Characterisation model

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem services


EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator99

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

SMART

MOVE

van Zelm et al. (2007)

EUTREND

SMART 2


arable land

forest for forest

forest for roads

land occupations

land conversions

Biodiversity

Ecosystem services

Biodiversity

Ecosystem services


Atmospheric fate model

Atmospheric fate model

EUTREND model

SMART 2 model

GEOSchem model

GEOSchem model

Receiving environment fate model

Exposure modeling


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1173

Abiotic Depletion Potential

Abiotic Depletion Potential

Abiotic Depletion Potential

Resource extraction

Minerals

5x the historical extraction before 1990

Fossil fuels


Land Use

Land Use

Land Use

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Biotic Resource Depletion

LIME 1.0

Surplus Cost Potential


Mining and Milling Activities

Operating Mining Costs

Resource Depletion

Dissipation of Resource Functionality

Dissipation of Resource Functionality

Functional Deprivation of Mineral Resources

Resource Functionality

Mineral Resources Characterisation Model

EcoIndicator 99

Ecoinvent Database


EPS 2000

EPS 2000

Eco-Indicator 99

Eco-Indicator 99

IMPACT 2002+

IMPACT 2002+

LIME 1.0

LIME 1.0

LIME 2.0

LIME 2.0

ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

ILCD/PEF/OEF

ILCD/PEF/OEF

IMPACT World+

IMPACT World+

LC-Impact

LC-Impact


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1174

Human health effects

water stress

water stress

water stress

water stress

distinction between surface and groundwater


LC-Impact

LC-Impact

LC-Impact

Water use

Water use

Water use

Water use

Water use

Water use


Water Use

competition among users due to physical stress

Water Use

Water Use

Noise

Noise

Waste

Biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1176


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1175

LIME

LIME

LIME

LIME

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Ozone Depletion Potential

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential


IMPACT World+

IMPACT World+

Freshwater use impacts

Land use impacts


TRACI 2.0

TRACI 2.0

TRACI 2.0

LANCA

WULCA consensus characterization model

AWARE


Net Primary Productivity

Particulate Matter

Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential

Area of Protection

Volatile Organic Compounds

Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Expected increase in Number of Extinct Species


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1177

Land use

Regional and global potential species extinction

Mineral and metallic resource use

Global Warming Potential

Characterization factors based on damages to humans and ecosystems

Multiple environmental exposures


ILCD Handbook

Environmental Impact Assessment methodologies


Land use impacts on biodiversity

Land use impacts on biodiversity

Marine eutrophication

Marine eutrophication

Waterborne nitrogen emissions

Marine eutrophication modelling

Land use impacts on biodiversity in LCA


Plant uptake of pesticides

Pesticide residues in wheat

Pesticide impacts in food

Resource depletion


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1178


Ecological Scarcity Method

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Ecological Risk Assessment


ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

Eco-Indicator 99

ReCiPe 2008


Eco-Indicator 99

The Eco-Indicator 99: A Damage Oriented Method for Life Cycle Assessment, Methodology Report

Eco-Indicator 99

Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter


Human Toxicity Potentials

Human Toxicity Potentials


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1179

Ecoinvent

USES-LCA

USES-LCA

nested multi-media fate, exposure and effects model


USEtox

USEtox

indoor air pollutant exposure

phosphorous emissions


IMPACT 2002+

International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment

MEEUP


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1180


LIME 2

LIME

Life-Cycle Impact Assessment Method Based on Endpoint Modeling

IMPACT 2002+

life cycle impact assessment methodology

Photochemical ozone creation potentials


Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and Other Environmental Impacts

Depletion of Abiotic Resources


Water Footprint

Freshwater consumption

Freshwater consumption

Chemical emissions

Crop production


atmospheric dispersion models

ecosystem sensitivity

characterisation factors

acidifying emissions

eutrophying emissions

EDIP2003 methodology

spatial differentiation

acidifying impact


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1181

Abiotic Resource Depletion

Anthropogenic Stock Extended Abiotic Depletion Potential

Acidification

Terrestrial Eutrophication

Environmental Footprint


USEtox

USEtox

Freshwater Ecotoxicity Characterisation Factors

USEtox

USEtox

USEtox

Multimedia Multipathway Modeling


TRACI 2.1

Updated US and Canadian normalization factors

aquatic acidification

land use impacts

land use impacts

land use impacts

land use impacts

characterization factors


Indoor air pollutant exposure

Regional health impact factors

Terrestrial acidification

Soil sensitivity

Nitrogen oxides

Sulfur oxides

Ammonia emissions

Atmospheric source-receptor relationships


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1182


ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

Characterisation factors

Ecotoxicity


Ozone exposure

Plant species sensitivity distributions for ozone exposure

European characterization factors for damage to natural vegetation by ozone


USES-LCA 2.0

USES-LCA 2.0

USES-LCA 2.0

groundwater extraction

plant species richness

air pollution

air pollution


LC-IMPACT

Characterization factors for thermal pollution

ozone simulations

PM10 simulations


Acidification

Acidification

PM10

Ozone

Human health damage

Human health damage

USES-LCA 2.0

USES-LCA 2.0

USES-LCA 2.0


hauschild:40 Overview of Existing LCIA Methods—Annex to Chapter 10, p.1183


Biodiversity impacts from water consumption

Ore grade decrease

Surplus cost potential

Surplus ore potential

Copper


Allocation

Ancillary input

Ancillary input

Area of protection

Area of protection

Area of protection

Attributional modelling

Attributional modelling


By-product

By-product

Category endpoint

aspect of natural environment, human health, or resources

Impact category indicator

Cause–effect chain

Characterisation

Characterisation


Co-function

Comparative assertion

Completeness check

Consequential modelling

Consistency check

Co-product


Critical review

Critical review

Co-product

Cut-off criteria

Cut-off criteria


Characterisation factor

Characterisation factor

Characterisation model

Characterisation model

Characterisation model

Characterisation model

Classification

Classification

Classification


Elementary flow

Emission

End-of-life product

Endpoint method

Endpoint method

Endpoint method

Endpoint method


endpoint method

Areas of Protection

Areas of Protection

Areas of Protection

endpoint method

Energy flow

Energy flow

Environmental aspect


Damage approach

Data quality

Ecosystem quality

Ecosystem quality


Indicators

Indicators

Environmental intervention

Environmental intervention

Environmental intervention

Elementary flow


Environmental impact

Environmental impact

Environmental impact

Environmental impact

Environmental indicator


Environmental Impact Profile

Environmental Intervention


Elementary Flow

Environmental Mechanism

Environmental Mechanism

Environmental Mechanism

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Process

Environmental Process


Impact pathway

Impact pathway

Impact pathway

Impact pathway

Indicator result

Indicator result

Input


Feedstock energy

Feedstock energy

Functional unit

Grouping

Impact category

Impact category indicator

Impact category indicator

Life cycle impact assessment


Environmental relevance

Environmental relevance

Environmental relevance

Environmentally extended input–output analysis

Evaluation

Evaluation

Extraction

Extraction


Climate Change

Input

Intermediate Flow

Intermediate Product

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Land Occupation


Land transformation

Land transformation

Land use

Land occupation

Land transformation

agricultural production

mineral extraction

human settlement

LCIA method


Life cycle

Life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment

Life cycle assessment

Life cycle impact assessment

Life cycle impact assessment

Life cycle assessment

Life cycle impact assessment

Life cycle


Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle inventory analysis

Life cycle impact assessment

Life cycle interpretation

Life cycle inventory analysis result

Life cycle inventory analysis result

Life cycle phase

Life cycle inventory analysis

Life cycle interpretation


Midpoint indicator

Midpoint method

Midpoint method

Midpoint method

Marginal process

Multifunctional process

Multifunctional process


Positioning property

Potential impact

Process energy

Product


Goal and Scope Definition

Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Interpretation

Raw Materials Extraction

Manufacturing

Distribution

Use

Disposal


Normalisation

Normalisation

Normalised environmental profile

Natural environment

Natural environment

Normalisation

LCIA


Normalised indicator result

climate change

Obligatory property

Output

Output

Output

Output


Services

Services

Software

Software

Hardware

Processed materials


software

hardware

processed materials

Processed materials

software

hardware

processed materials


Product category rules

Product category rules

Product environmental footprint

Product environmental footprint

Product environmental footprint method

Product environmental footprint method


Recycling

Reuse

Reference Flow

Releases

Releases

Releases

Releases


Scenario

Secondary good

Secondary good

Secondary good

Secondary good

Secondary function

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity check

Subcategory


Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity

Substitution

System Boundary

System Expansion


Transparency

Uncertainty analysis

Uncertainty analysis

Unit process

Unit process

Waste


COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION 2013/179/EU

Product system

Unit process

Product flow

Elementary flow

Raw material

Secondary material

Recycled material

Recycling

Recovery

Reuse


Weighting

Converting and aggregating indicator results across impact categories

Weighting

uses numerical factors based on value-choices

Weighting factor

Weighting factor

Weighting result

System expansion

Allocation


ISO 14025

ISO 14025

ISO 14044

LCIA framework


Abiotic resource use

Acidification

Accumulated exceedance

Acute toxicity


Agriculture

Agriculture

Allocation

Albedo

Acute toxicity


Aquatic ecosystem

Atmosphere

Attributional LCI

Average process


Biofuels

Biogas

Biomaterials

Bio-products

Biomass feedstock

Biomass

Biogenic carbon

Biological cycle

Blue water


Building system LCA

Building service life

Built environment

Built form

Building design

Cancer effects

Capital goods


Average process

Avoided against induced impacts

Base cations

Battery system

Bern carbon cycle climate model

Bioaccumulation

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Biodegradability

Biodiversity

Biofuels

Biogas


Characterisation factor

Characterisation model

Chemical Oxygen Demand

Chemical industry

Chemical footprints


Carbon dioxide

Carbon monoxide

Carbon sequestration

Carbon storage

Cause–effect chain

Cause–effect mechanism

Cause–effect pathway

Characterisation factor

CFC

CH4


CML2002

CML92

Co-generation process

Closed loop

Climate forcing agent

Climate tipping point

Communication of results


Chemical risk assessment

Chemical synthesis

Cleaner production

Circular economy

Climate change

Chronic toxicity


Consequential LCI

Consumptive use

Contaminated site remediation

Contaminated site clean-up


Data collection


Consumptive use

Contaminated site clean-up

Contaminated site remediation

Cradle to Cradle

Critical review

Critical load


Ecosystem impacts

Ecosystem productivity

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem vulnerability

Ecotoxicity


Depletion

Design for sustainability

Disability-Adjusted Life Year

Direct emission intensity

Distance to target method

Degradation products


Eco-design

Ecodesign implementation

Ecodesign methods and tools

Eco-indicator99

Ecoinvent

Dutch LCA handbook

Dose-response

Eco-efficiency


Eco-label

Ecopoints methodology

Ecosystem quality

Ecosystem productivity

Ecosystem impacts

Ecosystem services

Economic impacts

Ecoinvent

Ecosystem scarcity


Effect factor

Electricity

Electricity generation

EDIP 2003

EIO-LCA

Elementary flow


Electricity generation

Electric Vehicle

Elementary flow

End-of-life

Endpoint

Endpoint method

Energy


Environmental Product Declaration

Environmental relevance

Environmental trade-offs


Endpoint method

Energy

Energy Pay Back Time

Energy Return On Investment

Energy recovery


Energy Pay Back Time

Energy Return On Investment

Energy recovery

Engineered Nano Particles

Environmental hotspots

Environmental mechanism

Environmental claim

Environmental Product Declaration

Environmental performance of water supply


Freshwater

Fossil water

Freshwater withdrawal impact

Functional unit


Global Warming Potential

Goal Definition

Greenhouse Gas

Greenhouse Gas

Green Water

Ground Level Ozone

Groundwater Abstraction


ILCD LCIA

Human Toxicity Potential

Impact 2002+

Hybrid LCA

Hydropower


Impact indicator

Impact pathway

Impact score

Impact coverage

Indicator score

Incineration


Human Health

Human Toxicity

Human Exposure

Groundwater Abstraction

Guidelines for s-LCA

Halocarbon

HCFC

Halon

Heat

HC50

HANPP


Goal definition

Global warming potential

Global warming

Geothermal power

Gas

Geographical scope

GABI


Input–output analysis

Input–output modelling

Indirect emission intensity

Integrated product policy

Indicator score

Intake fraction

Internal normalization

International Life Cycle Data System


ISO 14040

ISO 14044

ISO 14025

ISO 14024

ISO 14021

ISO 14020

ISO 14064

ISO TS 14071

Inventory model


Interpretation

Inventory Analysis

Inventory Model

ISO

International Life Cycle Data System

Internal Normalization

Interpretation of Results


Land occupation

Land use

Land use change

Land competition

Land quality

Land recovery

Landfill

Key Performance Indicators

Key assumption

Key flow


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment

Life Cycle Thinking

LCI Modelling Framework


LCI

LCIA

LCI

LCC

LCI database


Methane

Metals

Midpoint

Micro-pollutants


Material flow accounting

Marginal process

Marine ecosystem

Meat

Membrane filtration


Long-term emissions

Marginal process

Log-normal distribution

LUC

Livestock

Mainstreaming

Marginal process

Marine ecosystem


Midpoint method


Organisational Environmental Footprint

Organisational LCA

Ozone

Oil


Normalisation

Normalisation reference

ODP

Organisational Environmental Footprint

Nuclear power

Nutrients


Nitrous oxide

Nitrogen oxide

Nitrate

NMVOC

Non-cancer effects

Normalisation

Nordic ecolabel

Nanomaterials

Nanoparticles

Nanoproducts


Ozone depleting substance

Ozone depletion

Ozone layer

Particulate matter formation

Potentially Affected Fraction of species

Potentially Disappeared Fraction of species

Pedigree matrix


Photochemical Ozone Formation

Phosphorus

Pesticides

PEF

Performance Tracking

Planetary Boundaries


Primary PM

Primary production

Power plants

Potential impact

Potable water


Process-LCA

Product Category Rules

Product Environmental Footprint

Procurement

Product development

Production-based inventory


Prospective LCA

Radiative forcing

Recipe 2008


Recipe 2008

Radiative forcing

Reference flow

Recycling

Redfield ratio

Reference system

Regionalisation


Resource and Environmental Profile Analysis

Resource use

Resource efficiency

Respiratory effects

Reuse of water


Sensitivity analysis

Severity factor

Simplified LCA

Site-dependency

Significance


Stratospheric ozone depletion

Sulfur dioxide

Sunburn

Substance coverage


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social LCA

Soil contamination

Soil organic carbon

Solar power

Solid waste

Species change

Species richness

Spatial differentiation


Swiss ecoscarcity methodology

Sustainable consumption and production

Sustainable production and consumption

System boundaries

Sustainable chemistry

Sustainable procurement


Species Sensitivity Distribution

Stratospheric ozone depletion

Species richness

Species diversity

Stakeholder groups

Standardisation


TRACI

TRACI 2

Traction battery

Time horizon


Unit process

Uncertainty analysis

USEtox

Validation

Urban water systems


Water availability

Water depletion

Water quality

Water reclamation

Water scarcity

Water use

Weighting and scoring of impacts

Well to wheel

Whole effluent toxicity


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.2


ILCD Handbook

International Reference Life Cycle Data System

JRC-IES


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.1


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.4


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.3


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

ILCD Handbook

International Reference Life Cycle Data System


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.5

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment

Ecolabelling

Ecodesign

Carbon footprinting

Green Public Procurement

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.6

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Inventory


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Waste-related Issues

Greenhouse Gases

Land Use

Acid Rain


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Inventory data sets

Life Cycle Impact Assessment models


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.7

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

sector-specific guidance documents

product-group-specific guidance documents

ecodesign-type tools


ISO 14040

ISO 14044

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Data Network


ISO 14044

ISO 14044

Micro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Method, assumption and impact limitations

Goal Definition

Reasons for carrying out the study, and decision-context

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Comparisons intended to be disclosed to the public

Goal Definition

Commissioner of the study and other influential actors


Meso/macro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Accounting

ISO 14040

ISO 14044


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.8

LCI modelling principles

LCI method approaches for solving multifunctionality

ISO hierarchy for solving multifunctionality

LCI modelling provisions

Situation A


Life Cycle Inventory

Functional unit

Functional unit

Functional unit


Goal Definition

Iterative Approach to LCA

LCI

ILCD Handbook


LCI modelling

LCI modelling

LCI modelling

System boundaries

System boundaries

Impact assessment


ILCD Handbook

Consistency of methods, assumptions, and data

Reproducibility

Functional unit

Reference flow


Micro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Accounting


Carbon footprint

LCIA methods

Normalisation basis

Weighting factors

Elementary flows

Impact factors


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.9

Representativeness and appropriateness of LCI data

Technological representativeness

Geographical representativeness

Time-related representativeness


Time-related representativeness

Inventory data

Types, quality and sources of required data and information

Impact assessment models

Data quality needs


Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Identifying processes within the system boundaries

Attributional modelling


Life Cycle Inventory Analysis

Comparisons between systems

Carbon footprint studies

Scenarios in support of comparisons

Identifying critical review needs

Planning reporting


Identifying processes in attributional modelling

Identifying processes in consequential modelling

Processes to be attributed to the analysed system

Initial description of identified processes

Introduction and overview

Consequences to be considered

Constraints and other market imperfections to be considered


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.10

Basic data collection towards unit processes

Unit process

Subdivision

Virtual subdivision


Planning data collection

Identifying the processes of the consequential model

Solving multifunctionality of processes in consequential modelling


Planning data collection

Foreground system data

Background data for attributional and consequential models

Primary and secondary data sources


Interim quality control

Unit process data gaps

Elementary flow groups

Overarching method provisions for specific elementary flow types


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.11

Land use

Fossil and biological CO2 uptake and release of CO2 and CH4

Water use


Modelling agro- and forestry systems

Overarching method provisions for specific process types

Modelling waste treatment

Reminder flows

Naming and other conventions


Avoiding allocation by subdivision or virtual subdivision

Determining physical causality

Solving multifunctionality by allocation

Economic value

QFD


Emission of particles to air

Energy resources

Ores for winning metals or other elemental constituents

Land use

Resource elementary flows

ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment


Naming and other conventions

Selecting secondary LCI data sets

Averaging LCI data

Modelling the system

Solving multifunctionality of processes in attributional modelling


Future processes and elementary flows

Long-term emissions beyond 100 years

Temporary carbon storage

Long-term storage of potential emissions beyond 100 years


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Calculating LCI results

Calculation of LCIA results

Normalisation

Solving multifunctionality by allocation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.12


Normalisation

Weighting

Life Cycle Interpretation

Identification of significant issues

Life Cycle Interpretation


Closed-loop recycling

Open-loop recycling

Open loop - same primary route

Open loop - different primary route

Recycling in attributional modelling

Recycling in attributional modelling


Data quality aspects

Data quality indicators

CO2 Emissions from Land Transformation

Closed-loop recycling

Reuse, Recycling, and Energy Recovery


Completeness check

Sensitivity check

Consistency check

Identification of significant issues


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.368

Recyclability substitution approach

Determining recyclability

Changes of inherent technical properties of the secondary good

Identifying superseded processes

Time aspects in delayed recycling

Goal and Scope Definition


ILCD Handbook

Recycling

Recyclability substitution approach

waste / end-of-life product

co-product

waste / end-of-life product with positive market value


Functional unit

Modelling principle

System boundaries

LCIA impact categories

LCIA methods

Data representativeness


Addressing Uncertainties in LCA

Types and sources of uncertainty in LCA

Aggregating uncertainties over the life cycle

System Boundary Template


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.14

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Goal Definition

Iterative Approach to LCA

Consistency of Methods, Assumptions and Data

Reproducibility


Reference Amount of the Reference Flow

Representativeness Regarding Operation Conditions

Unit Process Inventory

Elementary Flow Groups

Emission of Particles to Air

Ionic Compounds


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.15


Unit Process

Unit Process

Unit Process

Unit Process

Description of What Unit Process Represents

Data Collection

Unit Process


ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.16

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

inventory data collection and modelling


Modelling the System

Avoiding Allocation by Subdivision or Virtual Subdivision

Solving Multifunctionality by Allocation

Calculating LCI Results

Calculation of LCIA Results

Normalisation

Weighting

Identification of Significant Issues

Completeness Check


Multifunctionality problem

Subdivision

Substitution

Allocation

System expansion


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.17


hydropower

car starter battery

electricity using product

supply-chain life cycle model

window

consequential modelling


Cradle to grave

Cradle to gate

Gate to gate

Foreground system

Life cycle impact assessment


Interpretation Phase

Interpretation Phase

Quality Function Deployment

Completeness

Technological Representativeness

Geographical Representativeness

Time-related Representativeness


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.18


Precision

Accuracy

Accuracy

Closed Loop Recycling

Open Loop Recycling - Same Primary Route

Open Loop Recycling - Different Primary Route

Allocation

Recyclability Substitution Approach


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.19


Micro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

Accounting

Functional unit

Reference flow

Attributional modelling

Consequential modelling


Consequential modelling

Subdivision of multifunctional processes

System expansion / substitution

Allocation

Foreground system

Technosphere

Cut-off criteria


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.20


ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Assessment

functional unit

inventory data quality


Incomplete LCIA factor assignment to elementary flows

LCIA factor assignment

Double counting of recycling

Omission of recycling


Functional unit

Technical standards

LCI modelling principles

LCIA methods

LCIA methods

LCI data

Time representativeness


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.1

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Product Category Rules


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.2

ISO 14040

ISO 14044:2006

ILCD

Life Cycle Assessment


Goal definition

Scope definition

Inventory analysis

Impact assessment

Interpretation

Goal definition

Scope definition

Inventory analysis

Impact assessment


ISO 14040

ISO 14044:2006

ILCD Handbook

Screening Life Cycle Assessment

Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Attributional LCA

XY Research & Consulting Centre Attributional LCA method manual


Recycling

Recyclability substitution approach

Reuse/recycling/recovery


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.3

Fairness and acceptance

level playing field across competing products

Transparency and reproducibility

Assured quality


ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


Micro-level decision support

Micro-level decision support

limited consequences outside decision-context

Micro-level decision support

does not change available production capacity

Meso/macro-level decision support

Meso/macro-level decision support

structural consequences outside decision-context

Meso/macro-level decision support


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.4

ISO 14044:2006

Life Cycle Inventory modelling

attributional or consequential principle

Life Cycle Inventory modelling

multifunctionality handling

multifunctionality handling


Primary Data

Secondary Data

LCI Data Quality

LCA Results Quality


System boundaries

Goal and scope definition

Results interpretation

LCI data collection

Transparency

Reproducibility

Primary data


Agricultural processes

Waste deposition

Use stage

Services

Reuse

Recycling

Recovery


Meso/macro-level decisions

Meso/macro-level decisions

Meso/macro-level decisions

large-scale consequences in background system

Accounting

Situation C1

Situation C2

does not include existing benefits outside analysed system

Situation C

Situation C


reuse

recycling

recovery

reuse

recycling

recovery

Time in LCA

Time in LCA

Time in LCA


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.5

Goal Definition

Scope Definition

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Interpretation

ILCD Handbook

Reporting

Critical Review


LCI Phase

LCIA Phase

LCI Phase

LCIA Phase

Goal and Scope

Goal Phase


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.6

ILCD Handbook

Provisions

Terms and concepts

Frequent errors


ISO 14044

Goal and Scope

Goal

Reporting

Review


ILCD

ILCD

ILCD

ILCD

ILCD

LCA study

LCI data set


Environmental Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Review schemes for Life Cycle Assessment


electronic LCI data set format

electronic LCI data set format

electronic LCI data set format

electronic LCI data set format

Life Cycle Impact Assessment models and indicators

Framework and requirements for Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) models and indicators


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.7

ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Assessment

ranges in complexity from single operation unit process to comparative assertion

ILCD Handbook

Reviewer qualification

Review scope, methods, and documentation


ISO 14044:2006

ISO 14044:2006

scope definition phase

goal definition

scope definition phase

scope definition phase

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


Identification of Significant Issues

LCI Model

Collecting Better Data

Identification of Significant Issues


ILCD

ILCD

Simplifications

Consequential modelling

Consequential modelling


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Assessment

LCI data sets


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.8

Life Cycle Assessment

ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment

Detailed guidance


LCI

LCA study

ILCD

ILCD


LCI modelling

LCI modelling

LCI modelling

Situation A

Situation B

Situation C


unit process inventories

unit process inventories

unit process inventories

Situation A

Situation B

Situation C

Situation A

Situation B

Situation C


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.9

allocation

co-function substitution

Assumption scenarios

Uncertainty calculation


subdivision

subdivision

subdivision

subdivision

virtual subdivision

substitution


Situation A

Situation C1

data and models

Situation C2

Situation C2

multifunctionality

multifunctionality


ISO 14044

comparative assertions disclosed to the public

ISO 14044

applicable type of review for different types of studies

ISO 14044


Situation B

Situation B

Situation B

assumption scenarios

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1


Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

life cycle modelling

foreground system

uses primary data from producer/operator

foreground system

background processes

represent average market consumption mix

background system

generic data from third-party data providers


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.10

LCI

LCA

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


ISO 14040

ISO 14044

Review schemes for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Reviewer qualification

Review scope, methods and documentation

long-term marginal mixes

upstream life cycles

downstream life cycles


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.11

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Assessment

ILCD Handbook


Reporting

Reporting

Critical Review

Goal definition

Scope definition

Goal definition

Scope definition


Critical review

Goal definition

Functional unit

Reference flow

Data collection

System boundary

Calculating LCI results

Calculating LCIA results

Interpretation

Reporting


Scope definition

Goal definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Chapter 5.3


Goal Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Phase

Method Choices

Assumptions

Impact Coverage

Carbon Footprint


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.12

Functional Unit

Reference Flow

System Boundary

System Boundary

System Boundary

Cut-off Criteria

Life Cycle Inventory


Shortlist information sources

Plan data collection

Plan reporting

Plan review

Inventory data quality


Life Cycle Inventory

Identify processes within system boundary

Goal Situation

foreground system

background system

interested parties


Impact Category Selection

LCIA Method Modification

Normalisation Basis

Weighting Set

Data Quality Definition

Data Quality Definition

Data Accuracy and Precision


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.13

screening LCA

screening LCA

life cycle inventory system model

impact assessment calculation

Product Category Rules

LCIA characterisation factors

elementary flows


Screening LCA

Foreground data

Secondary data

Unit processes

LCI results

Data quality


Cut-off Criteria

Cut-off Criteria

Goal Definition

Prepare Basis for LCIA

Prepare Basis for LCIA

Prepare Basis for LCIA

Prepare Basis for LCIA

Prepare Basis for LCIA


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

Quality Control

Data Inventorying

Agricultural Systems

Waste Management

Life Cycle Model Development

Multifunctionality


LCI results calculation

LCIA results calculation

LCIA results calculation

unit process

Interpretation phase

significant issues identification


Interpretation

Significant Issues Identification

Key Processes

Parameters

Elementary Flows

Assumptions

Significant Issues Identification

Significant Issues Identification


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.14

Sensitivity check

Completeness check

Consistency check

Goal and scope definition

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


Goal and scope revision

Goal and scope revision

System boundary adjustment

Co-functions exclusion

System expansion

Allocation

Foreground system

Primary LCI data

Secondary LCI data

Background system

Generic data sets

Average data sets


Background system

LCI data quality

Sensitivity analysis

Study-specific LCI data

Elementary flows

System boundary setting

Cut-off criteria

Data gap documentation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.15

LCIA results calculation

completeness check

sensitivity check

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


LCI data set

LCI study report

LCI study report

third-party study report

LCI data set


LCI study

study report

review report


Results Interpretation

Results Interpretation

Conclusions

Sensitivity Check

Completeness Check

Consistency Check

Identifying Significant Issues

Reporting

Study Report

Sensitivity Check

Completeness Check

Consistency Check


Data Quality

LCIA Characterisation Factors

Scope Revision

Interpretation Phase

Allocation Criteria

Recycling Processes


Review

Review

Review

Scope definition

Review

Review

Accompanying review


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.16

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Life Cycle Inventory

ILCD Handbook


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

LCI data sets

LCI data sets

ILCD General guide for LCA


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

6 month transition period for ongoing studies

ILCD compliant studies


Product Category Rules

ILCD compliance

ILCD compliance

ILCD compliance

ILCD compliance

ILCD compliance

LCI / LCA guidance documents

Product Category Rules

Product Category Rules


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.17

ILCD Handbook

LCI study

LCA study


ILCD

ILCD

LCI Study

LCI Study

LCA Study

LCA Study

Critical Review


ISO 14040

ISO 14044:2006

ISO 14040

ISO 14044:2006

Critical Review

Critical Review


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.18

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

LCI study

LCA study

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

critical review


ILCD

ILCD

ILCD


ILCD Handbook

SHALL

SHOULD

permissible deviations with justification

MAY


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.19

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook component

new version of ILCD Handbook component

preceding version of ILCD Handbook component


SHALL

SHOULD

must be followed with permissible deviations

MAY

methodological or procedural recommendation

Requirement status


ILCD Handbook

ISO 14040

ISO 14044

LCI data sets

data quality level

data quality level

data quality level

LCI data sets


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

Product Category Rules

LCI guidance documents

ILCD compliance


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

ISO 14040


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.20

ISO 14040


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.21

Comparative life cycle assessment

Comparison of LCA results for different products

Comparative assertion

Co-product

Co-function

Co-product

Comparative assertion


Comparative life cycle assessment

Comparative life cycle assessment

Comparative life cycle assessment

Consequential modelling

Consequential modelling

Consequential modelling


LCA study analysis

LCA study analysis

LCA study analysis

Assumption scenario

Attributional modelling

Attributional modelling


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.22

LCI data sets

LCA studies


Multifunctional process

Chloralkali electrolysis

Life cycle inventory analysis

Life cycle inventory results

Life cycle inventory results

Life cycle inventory results

Life cycle inventory data set

Life cycle inventory study


Overall environmental impact

Overall environmental impact

Overall environmental impact

Overall environmental impact

Product

Recycling

Recycling

Secondary good


Allocation

Partitioning

Allocation

partitioning input or output flows of a process or product system

Analysed decision

Comparative LCA


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.24

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

General guide for Life Cycle Assessment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.23

System perspective

Unit process

Unit process, black box

System perspective

Unit process


Unit process, black box

Unit process, single operation

Unit process, black box


End-of-life product

End-of-life product

End-of-life product

Environmental impact

Environmental impact

Environmental impact

Functional flow

Functional flow

Non-functional flow

Monofunctional process

Multifunctional process


Secondary good

Secondary good

Secondary good

Secondary good

Substitution

Substitution

System


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.25

Data collection

Data collection

Foreground system

Background system

Key processes


Goal and Scope

LCI

LCIA

1st Iteration

2nd Iteration

3rd Iteration


Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Assessment

Goal Definition

Scope Definition

Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Assessment

Interpretation


System

System

System expansion

System expansion

LCI studies


Goal and Scope Definition

Inventory Data Collection and Modelling

Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Assessment

Evaluation

Completeness Checks

Sensitivity Checks

Consistency Checks

Goal and Scope Definition

Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Assessment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.26

Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Assessment

Sensitivity Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Completeness Check

Consistency Check

LCI Screening

Goal Definition


Life Cycle Inventory

Impact Assessment

Impact Assessment

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Elementary Flows

Processes


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.27


Data collection and modelling

Elementary flows

Environmental impacts

Impact characterisation factors


Life Cycle Inventory

Scope Definition

Life Cycle Inventory

Multifunctionality

Product Use Patterns

Elementary Flows

Processes


Critical review

Goal and scope definition

Inventory data collection and modelling

ISO 14044:2006

Critical review

Overall accuracy, precision and completeness


Goal and Scope Definition

Inventory Phase

Inventory Phase

Impact Assessment Phase

Inventory Phase

Goal and Scope Definition

Interpretation Phase


Goal definition

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Reporting


Goal definition

Scope definition

Planning data collection

Data collection

Basic validation of data

Relating data to unit process

Validated data per unit process

Calculated LCI results

Relating data set to functional unit(s) / reference flow(s)

Data aggregation (possibly averaging)

Validated data per functional unit(s) / reference flow(s)

LCIA results calculation (may include normalisation, weighting)

Interpretation (significant issues, completeness check, sensitivity check, consistency check conclusions, recommendations)

Critical review


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.28

LCIA results

Sensitivity analysis

Consistency checks

Completeness checks

Scope definition

Goal and scope definition

LCI items

LCIA items


iterative approach to LCA

iterative approach to LCA

iterative approach to LCA

iterative approach to LCA

iterative approach to LCA

goal definition

scope definition

Life Cycle Inventory compilation

LCIA calculation

Life Cycle Inventory data

Life Cycle Inventory data


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.29

Goal Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Goal Definition


Goal and Scope Definition

Reviewer Identification

Core Report Development

Goal and Scope Definition

Meso/Macro-level Decision Support

ISO+

ISO+


LCA

LCI/LCA Study

Iterative Approach

Iterative Approach

Goal and Scope Definition


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

LCI Study


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

LCI Study

LCA

Results Interpretation


LCI study

LCA study

LCI study

LCA study

LCA study

LCA study

includes conclusions and recommendations


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.30

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Scope definition

Goal definition


Environmental Product Declaration

Environmental Product Declaration

Environmental Technology Verification

Clean Development Mechanism

Joint Implementation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.31

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Policy Development

Policy Development

environmental impact forecasting and analysis


recycling

incineration

Key Environmental Performance Indicators

Weak point analysis

Benchmarking

Green Public Procurement

Type I Ecolabel

Product Category Rules

Type III environmental declaration


Basket-of-products studies

Identifying product groups with largest environmental impact

Identifying product groups with largest environmental improvement potential

Monitoring environmental impacts

Corporate environmental reporting

Certified supply type studies

Accounting studies

Unit process data sets


ILCD

ISO 14040


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.32

ISO 14040

ISO 14044

ILCD Handbook

Goal definition


Goal Definition

Scope Phase

LCA Study

LCA Study

Methodological LCA Study

Methodological LCA Study

Methodological LCA Study


EPD

internal benchmark

ecoefficiency analysis

ISO 14040

ISO 14044:2006

ISO 14044:2006

LCI data sets

LCIA data sets

LCI modelling


Method, assumption and impact limitations

Carbon footprint


market price based allocation

market price based allocation

correlation between environmental results and market price


Carbon footprint

Carbon footprint

Eutrophication

Acidification


LCIA

site-unspecific LCIA

LCI method approach

impact categories

primary energy consumption studies


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.33

Goal definition

Goal definition

Assumptions on system characteristics

usability and transferability of results

Time representativeness

Location

Use-pattern

Niche market analysis


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Interpretation Phase

Decision-Context

Product Scope Definition


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition


refillable packaging

packaging

life cycle cost

recyclable

recycled

bio-based

locally produced

durability


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.34

Goal Definition

Target Audience Identification

Target Audience Identification

Goal Definition


Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Decision context

Decision context

ILCD Handbook


Comparative LCA Studies

Product Comparisons

ILCD Handbook

In-house Decision Support


Decision Context

LCI Modelling Framework

LCI Modelling Framework

LCI Method Approaches

LCI Method Approaches

LCA

LCA

Decision Context


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Comparative Assertion

Public Disclosure

LCA Study

LCA Study


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.35

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Goal definition

Life Cycle Assessment


Australian Agency for Protection of the Environment

Australian Association of Paper Producers

Goal Definition

Goal Definition


Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Pre-verified Data

Data Set Developer

Independent External Review


LCI data set

comparison


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.36

Goal Definition

LCI/LCA Study

Decision-Context Situations

Decision-Context Situations


Carbon Footprint

Impact Coverage Limitations

Methodological Limitations

Assumption Limitations

LCI Data Quality

Limitations of Study

Limitations of Study


Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition


consequential modelling

attributional modelling

LCI methodological questions


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.37

Goal definition

Goal definition

Goal definition

Studies on decisions

LCI model


LCI model

LCI model

production facility

material production

decision support


LCI modelling

LCI modelling

LCI modelling

LCI modelling

LCI data

LCA study


recycling

recycling

LCI modelling


existing equipment

additional demand

additional demand

new production plants

background system

analysed decision


foreground system

background system

second generation biofuel production plants

analysed decision


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.38

Goal definition

Goal definition

ILCD Handbook


descriptive character studies

LCI model

new technology installation

recycling

co-products


Situation A

Situation B

Situation C

Situation A

LCI/LCA study


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.39

Product

Product

Production

Use

Material choice


Goal definition

Carbon footprint

Primary energy consumption

Environmental Technology Verification

Clean Development Mechanism

Joint Implementation

LCI results data sets

Situation A


Weak point analysis

Design-for-recycling

Product Category Rules

Type I Ecolabel

Environmental Product Declaration

Green Public Procurement


Structural changes

Structural changes

micro-level

micro-level

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A


Situation A

Situation A

purchase decision support


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.40

recycling of paper and plastic from packaging

installed recycling capacity

alternative uses of waste


Goal definition

Ecodesign study

Environmental Product Declaration

Carbon footprint data

LCI data

LCIA data

Situation B

Policy options

Technology scenarios

Raw materials strategies


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.41

Goal definition

Goal definition

LCA-supported strategic research studies

LCI modelling


Policy development

Forecasting & analysis of environmental impact

Policy development

Policy development

Policy information

LCI results data sets

Situation B


Production infrastructure

Production

Use

End-of-life

Incineration

Energy recovery

Post-consumer waste


Situation B

Situation B

Situation B

Situation B

Situation A

Situation B

background system


bio-fuels introduction in U.S. diesel fuel

petro-based diesel production capacity decrease

petro-based diesel production

meso-level strategic study


palm oil from Malaysia

conversion of natural forest into fields or plantations

soybean oil from the U.S.

biofuels in U.S. diesel fuel


bio-fuels

bio-fuels production

palm oil

soybean oil

intensified agricultural production


bio-fuel production

diesel production

petro-based diesel production

bio-fuel production

bio-fuel production

bio-fuel production


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.42

Goal Definition

Product

Product Group

Technology

Basic Materials Sector

Energy Carriers Sector

Situation B


glycerine production capacity

additional demand

straw


rapeseed based biodiesel

glycerine

Situation B

Situation A


material X

annual demand of 400,000 tonnes

additional installation of production capacity

additional demand

additional supply

equipment lifetime

multifunctionality


biodiesel

glycerine


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.43

Situation C2

Situation C2

allocation

Situation C2


Situation C

Situation C

Situation C1

Situation C2

Situation C1

Situation A

Situation B


Goal definition

Goal definition

foreground system

background system

LCI model

Situation C


System expansion

System expansion

System expansion

Substitution

Substitution


Situation C1

Monitoring environmental impacts of a nation

Situation C1

Monitoring environmental impacts of an industry sector

Situation C1

Monitoring environmental impacts of a product group

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C2

Situation C2

existing / past interactions between systems


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.44

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Goal Definition

Situation C

LCI Model

Unit Process Data

LCI Results


Situation A

Situation B

Situation C1

post consumer plastic packaging waste treatment technologies

Situation C2

Situation C1

life cycle based monitoring

LCI modelling

LCI modelling


installed capacity replacement

plant lifetime

additional demand

Situation B

Situation A


Monitoring

Monitoring

System boundary

Car production

Car use

Car recycling

Reference year accounting


rapeseed based biodiesel production

glycerine

rapeseed based biodiesel


biodiesel production

glycerine

Situation C1

Situation A

Situation B


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.45

Goal definition

use-stage emissions

Life Cycle Assessment

accounting type studies


Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1


Wood product certification

Accounting data

Accounting studies

Housing

Food

Individual mobility


Monitoring

decision support

recovered energy

recycled materials

waste management systems


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.46

Goal definition

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

accounting type life cycle information


recovered energy

recycled materials

non-scalable processes

hydropower

certification system

certification system


Situation C

Situation C

Situation C

Situation C

Situation A

Situation B

comparative decision support


Situation A

Situation B

Situation C

Situation A

intended applications

specific decisions to be supported


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.47

foreground system

process

installed capacity


Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1

Situation C1


Situation B

Situation B

Situation B

Development of unit process or LCI results data sets

Policy development

Policy information

Identifying product groups with environmental improvement potential

LCI modelling provisions

Background system


Situation A

Identification of Key Environmental Performance Indicators

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A

Situation A


Goal definition

Goal definition

Environmental Product Declaration

Carbon footprint

Primary energy consumption

LCI results data sets

Clean Development Mechanism

Joint Implementation

Environmental Technology Verification


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.48

Goal definition

Goal definition

Situation A

Situation B

Situation C

Situation C1

Situation C2

Situation C2


Situation A

Situation C

Situation C1

Situation C2

C1

C2


Situation A

Situation A

Situation B

Situation B

large-scale consequences in installed production capacity


Situation B

Situation A

annual additional demand or supply

Situation C1

comparative decision support

Situation A or B


Situation A

Situation B

Situation C

Table 3

Chapter 6.5.4

Figure 3


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.49

Product Category Rules

Product Category Rules

LCI method principles and approaches

scenario analysis

biofuels

fossil fuels


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.50

Goal and Scope Definition

Goal and Scope Definition


Product Category Rules

Product Category Rules

Product Category Rules

product-group specific guidance documents

Product Category Rules

process-type specific guidance documents

ILCD-compliant Product Category Rules


Goal definition

Environmental Product Declaration

Product improvement

Ecodesign

Weak point analysis


Specific guides

PCRs

Specific guides

PCRs

Specific guides

Specific guides

PCRs

PCRs


strictness

reproducibility

Goal definition


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.51

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition


geographical and timerelated representativeness and appropriateness

Types, quality and sources of required data and information

required precision and maximum permitted uncertainties

Special requirements for comparisons between systems

Identifying critical review needs

Planning reporting of the results


Goal

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

LCI Modelling Framework


Scope Definition

LCI/LCA Study

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Scope Definition

Consistency of Methods, Assumptions, and Data

Reproducibility

LCI/LCA Study Documentation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.52

LCI data

LCI data

LCI data

LCI data

product comparison

product comparison

methods

methods

life cycle modelling


comparative studies

LCIA methods

LCIA methods

LCIA methods


scope definition

inventory phase

impact assessment phase

interpretation phase

consistency

consistency

achieved consistency


Methods and assumptions consistency

Methods and assumptions consistency

Consistency of methods, assumptions and data


Scope definition

Consistency of methods, assumptions, and data

Scope definition


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.53

Reproducibility

Reproducibility

LCI/LCA study

documented methods

assumptions

data sources


ILCD Handbook

reproducibility

consistent and transparent application

study report documentation


LCI results

LCIA results

LCI results

LCIA results


LCI data sets

comparative LCA studies

critical review

critical review

meta-documentation

meta-documentation

meta-documentation

meta-documentation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.54

LCI/LCA deliverables

goal of LCI/LCA study

critical review


Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Scope definition

Data consistency

LCI data

LCI data

LCI data


Scope definition

LCI

Documentation

Documentation

Documentation

Reproducibility

ILCD Handbook


ISO 14044:2006

scope definition

scope definition


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.55

Comparative LCA study

Non-assertive comparative LCA study

Comparative assertion LCA study

Scope definition

LCI/LCA study

LCIA models and indicators


LCI results data sets

unit process data sets

LCI results data sets

unit process data sets


ISO 14044:2006

Life Cycle Inventory study

Life Cycle Inventory study

Unit process study

Unit process study

Life Cycle Inventory results

Life Cycle Impact Assessment results

Non-comparative Life Cycle Assessment study

Life Cycle Inventory results


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.56

Scope definition

LCI/LCA study deliverables

ILCD Handbook


LCI/LCA study

unit processes

LCI results data sets

KEPI-based tool

LCI/LCA deliverable

reporting form


Green Public or Private Procurement

Green Public or Private Procurement

Type I Ecolabel

Life Cycle Assessment

Unit process data set

LCI results data set

LCIA results data set

Comparative LCA study

Detailed LCI model of system


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.57

Scope definition

LCI

Product Category Rules

Type III environmental declaration

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


KEPIs-based tool

EPD

Criteria set for life cycle based Type I Ecolabel

Life cycle based Type I Ecolabel

Green Procurement

Green Procurement

LCA studies


Product improvement

Key Environmental Performance Indicators

Ecodesign

Design-for-recycling

Ecodesign

Product comparisons

Benchmarking

Green Public or Private Procurement

Type I Ecolabel criteria

Type I Ecolabel criteria


Environmental Product Declaration

Carbon footprint

Primary energy consumption

Calculation of indirect effects

Environmental Management Systems

Supply chain greening

Environmental Technology Verification

Unit process data

Clean Development Mechanism


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.59

Scope definition

Goal definition

Types of LCA deliverables

LCI/LCA study

Scope definition


Comparative Life Cycle Assessment study

Non-assertive comparative LCA study

Comparative assertion LCA study

Detailed LCI model of the analysed system

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Interpretation


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.58

ISO 14015

Corporate or site environmental reporting

ISO 14031

C1


Scope definition

LCI

LCA

LCA

Monitoring environmental impacts

Corporate or site environmental reporting

Certified supply type studies


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Unit process study

Single operation unit process

Black box unit process

Partly terminated system data set

Life Cycle Inventory results

Life Cycle Impact Assessment results


Goal definition

Scope definition

Function

Functional unit

Reference flow

Scope definition


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.60

Functional Unit

Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Multifunctional Processes


Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Life Cycle Assessment

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit


Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Location

Location


Scope definition

Scope definition

Functional unit

Reference flow

System specification

System specification

System specification


Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Product Policy

Country Indicator


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.61

Waste Incineration Plant

Polymer Fraction

Inert Materials

Organic Biomass Fraction

Household Waste Incineration

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit


organic waste fraction

organic waste fraction

organic waste fraction treatment

organic waste fraction

organic waste fraction treatment

waste treatment


Scope definition

Reference flow

Functional unit

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

High pressure injection moulding


driven km

use intensity

product duration in possession

carbon storage

recycling

organic waste fraction

organic waste fraction treatment


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.62

Scope definition

Functional unit

Functional unit

Personal Computers

LCA Comparisons

Material comparisons

Glass

PET


cleaning services

cleaning services

cleaning services

functional unit

functional unit

car

car


Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Qualitative Aspects


Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Qualitative Aspects

Qualitative Aspects

Qualitative Aspects


Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit

Functional Unit


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.63


Scope definition

Quality Function Deployment

ILCD Handbook


Functional Unit

Material Comparison

Polyamide 6.6 from crude oil via classical chemical route

Polyamide 6.6 from corn stalks via combined biotechnological / chemical route


Product Properties

Direct Human Impacts

Direct Human Impacts

Life Cycle Inventory

Interventions with Ecosphere

Risk Assessment


legal requirements

toxic compounds limits

toxic compounds ban

positioning properties

comfort

image

aesthetic aspects


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.64

Scope definition

Functional unit

Reference flows

Obligatory properties

Positioning properties

ILCD Handbook


Paint A

Paint A

Paint A

Paint B

Paint B

Paint B

Paint B

Functional unit


obligatory properties

positioning properties

obligatory properties

LCA


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.65

Functional Unit

Measurement Method

LCA

Use Stage


thermal conductivity

insulation capacity

insulation materials for exterior house walls

opacity measurement

wall paint

functional unit

re-painting


ISO 14044:2006

Functional unit

Reference flow

Product specification

Technical standards


Scope definition

Functional unit

Technical standards

Mass-flow averaged emissions data

Entire cycle coverage

Start/shut-down cycles

Actual energy consumption


cradle-to-gate

Stainless Steel Hot Rolled Coil production

reference flow

detailed product name and characteristics

functional unit

Electric Arc Furnace route


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.66

Scope definition

Declared unit

Stainless Steel Hot Rolled

Reference flow


reference flow

multifunctional products

multifunctional products

multifunctional products


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.67

Scope definition

functional unit

parameterised data sets


multifunctional products

multifunctional processes

reference flow

systems with alternative functions

co-production


Technical Specification

Functional Units

Functional Units

LCI Data Set

Reference Flow


Truck bulk transport; Euro 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 transport mix; 22 t total weight, 17.3 t max payload

multifunctional process

multifunctional process

multifunctional process

reference flow


use patterns

waste processing

transport

transport

functional unit

products

products

personal entertainment


Functional Unit

Leisure-oriented goods and services

Life-style analysis

Duration of filling leisure time with entertainment

Leisure-oriented goods and services


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.68

Functional unit

Functional unit

Functional unit

Functional unit

Functional unit


Scope definition

Function, functional unit, and reference flow

Scope definition

System or process identification

ILCD Handbook: General guide for Life Cycle Assessment


functional unit

functional unit

attributional modelling

consequential modelling


Functional Performance

Functional Performance

Functional Performance

Product Systems

Measurement methods

Measurement methods


functional unit

reference flow

functional unit

functional unit


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.69

Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Functionally Relevant Technical Specification

Parameterised Data Sets


Reference Flow

Reference Flow

Multifunctional Systems

Systems with Alternative Functions

Multifunctional Systems


Functional Unit

Reference Flow

Declared Unit

Multifunctional Processes

Monofunctional Systems

Reference Flow


ilcd:European Commission – JRC, ILCD Handbook: General Guide for LCA (2010), p.70

LCI modelling framework

LCI modelling framework

goal of the LCI/LCA study

decision-context of the LCI/LCA study

attributional LCA