Severity Factor

PM emissions

Precursor substances

Population density

Activity patterns

Background PM concentration

Exposure-response relationship


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.244

fine particulate matter exposure

exposure-response curve

marginal approach

average approach

background concentrations in air


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.243

PM10

PM10-2.5

PM2.5

marginal approach

average approach

Characterization Factors


PM precursor substances

NOx

SO2

NH3

IMPACT 2002+

ReCiPe

road traffic

coal/gas-fired power plants

solid fuels combustion

Characterisation Models


Particulate Matter

Particulate Matter

PM2.5

PM2.5

health effects from PM exposure

characterisation factors


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.245

Particulate Matter Formation

Human Toxicity

CML 2002

EDIP 2003

Particle Emissions

Chemical Emissions


van Zelm et al. (2008)

Primary PM10

Secondary PM10

Gronlund et al. (2015)

Primary PM2.5

Secondary PM2.5 Precursors

van Zelm et al. (2016)

Land Use


Soil loss

Soil depletion rate

Unsustainable management practices

Land-use competition


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.246

Forest clearing

Forest clearing

Land use change

Habitat loss

Land use change


Land Use

Land Use

Land Cover Change

Albedo Change


Land use change

River diversion

Land use change

Mechanised farming

Soil compaction

Intensive agricultural practices

Human land-use activities

Human land-use activities


Land-Use Impact Category

Land-Use Impact Category


Land Use

Land Use

Soil

Soil Depletion


Tropical Deforestation

Desertification

Soil Erosion

Desertification

Wetland Loss

Forest Loss

Mangrove Loss

River Diversion

Freshwater Appropriation

Land-use Activities

Land Conversion

Land-use Activities

Biodiversity Loss

Ecosystem Services


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.247

Land Occupation

Physical Changes to Soil

Altered Soil Function

Altered Soil Function

Habitat Damage

Net Primary Production Change

Albedo Change

Land-Use Change

Land-Use Change

Land-Use Change

Deforestation


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.248

Land use

Land transformation

Land use

Pesticide use

Pesticide use

Land transformation

Land transformation

Land transformation

Land transformation

Land transformation

Land transformation


Land Transformation

Land Occupation

Nutrients

Pesticides

Land Transformation

Land Transformation

Land Transformation

Land Occupation

Land Occupation

Land Occupation


Land occupation

Land occupation

Land occupation

Irrigation

Life cycle inventory

Possible midpoint LCIA indicators

Changes in CO2, N2O and CH4 release

Downstream sediment deposition

Human health

Ecosystem quality

Resource depletion


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.249

Land Use

Climate Change

Land-Use Impact Methods

Land-Use Impact Methods

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Characterisation Factors


Characterisation factors

Characterisation factors

Soil erosion

Soil erosion characterisation factors

Soil loss impact

Land use characterisation


Land Use

Land Conversion

Land Use

Biodiversity

Provisioning Services

Regulating Services

Cultural Services

Supporting Services

Land Use Impact Category


Biodiversity

Impacts on Biodiversity

Life Cycle Impact Assessment


land use

land use

land-use related impacts

traditional LCA

geographical information system software

LCIA methods

LCIA methods

LCA


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.250

Ecosystem services

Ecosystem services

Biotic production potential

Ecosystem services

Product Environmental Footprint

Organisation Environmental Footprint


Biotic production potential

Biotic production potential

Biotic production potential

human appropriation of biotic production

Carbon sequestration potential

Carbon sequestration potential

CO2 transfers between vegetation/soil and atmosphere

Freshwater regulation potential

peak flow and base flow of surface water


Biodiversity Loss

Potential Species Loss

Biodiversity Loss

Land Use

Land-Use Change

Chaudhary et al. (2015)

Ecosystem Services


Water availability

Water availability

Water availability

Water purification potential

Water purification potential

Water purification potential

Erosion regulation potential

Erosion regulation potential


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.252


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.251

Water Use

mechanistic models

water cycle

precipitation

evaporation

plant transpiration


evaporation

plant transpiration

agriculture

industrial uses

domestic uses

water availability

water depletion


Water Use

Water Availability

Water Quality

Freshwater Use Impact Assessment


Desertification regulation potential

capacity of dry lands to resist irreversible degradation

Desertification ecosystem vulnerability

Desertification ecosystem vulnerability

Desertification ecosystem vulnerability

Desertification ecosystem vulnerability

Land-use impact category

Emission models

Land-use models


Water withdrawal

Consumptive use

Degradative use

Water consumption

Water degradation

Consumptive use

evaporation, product integration, or relocation

Degradative use

Water use


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.253

Water Scarcity

Water Availability

Water Scarcity

Watershed

Water Availability


Water Pollution

Water Pollution

Water Pollution

Surface water

Groundwater

Rainwater

Wastewater

Sea water

Fossil water

Water availability


Water Use

Water Deprivation

Water Consumption

Water Scarcity Factor

Water Scarcity Footprint

Water Scarcity Footprint


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.254

Water Use Impact Assessment

Water Use Impact Assessment

Midpoint Assessment

Endpoint Assessment

Water Consumption

Water Scarcity


Watershed

Precipitation

Blue water

Lakes

Rivers

Groundwater

Fossil aquifers

Groundwater aquifers

Groundwater aquifers

Surface water

Surface water

Groundwater

Water deprivation


Freshwater Deprivation

Water Deprivation in Agriculture

Lower Food Availability

Water Deprivation in Aquaculture

Lower Fish Supply

Water Consumption

Reduced Water Availability for Ecosystems


Groundwater table lowering

Aquifer level reduction

Groundwater


water deprivation

desalinisation

freshwater import

water deprivation for domestic use

water deprivation for agriculture

water deprivation for aquaculture


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.255

Stress/Scarcity Index

Scarcity Index

Comparison between water used and renewable water available

Withdrawal-to-Availability Ratio


Land-use models

pesticides

fertilisers

agricultural machinery use

forest conversion to arable land

mechanistic models


withdrawal-to-availability ratio

consumption-to-availability ratio

water consumption

water withdrawal

water scarcity


Water Consumption

Water Consumption

Water Availability

Water Availability

River Flow Alteration

Lake Volume Reduction

Water Quality Alteration

Water Depth Reduction

Temperature Increase

Contaminant Concentration

Groundwater Availability

Human Interference with Flow Variation


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.256

Impact pathways


water consumption

water deprivation for human users

human health impacts

impact pathway from water consumption to water deprivation for human users leading to potential impacts on human health


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.257

Water Demand to Availability Ratio

Water Demand to Availability Ratio

Environmental Water Requirements

Water Demand to Availability Ratio

Water Availability


Water Scarcity

Water Quality

Water Scarcity

Water Scarcity

Water Scarcity

Human Water Deprivation

Domestic Water Deprivation

Motoshita et al. 2011

Boulay et al. 2011


water consumption

water consumption

Pellston Workshop report from Valencia, 2016

endpoint models


Agricultural deprivation

Pfister et al. 2009

Boulay et al. 2011

Motoshita et al. 2014

user competition factor (scarcity)

trade effect


AWARE

AWARE

Available Water Remaining

Available Water Remaining

AWARE

water quality aspects

consumptive use

degradative use


Watershed alteration

Saline intrusion

Groundwater table change

Soil moisture change

Thermic pollution

Suspended solids

Groundwater consumption

Surface water consumption

Water fragmentation

Surface water temperature change

Water quality alteration

Flow variability alteration

Artificial barrier to migration

Habitat modifications

Constrained water availability

Damage to aquatic ecosystems

Damage to terrestrial ecosystems

Consumptive use of water

Water infrastructure


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.258

Resources

Water

Water

Non-renewable Water from Fossil Aquifers


natural resources

natural resources


Abiotic Resource Use

Natural resources

Abiotic Resource Use


WULCA

WULCA

LCA approach

water-related indicators


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.259

Resource Use

Resource Use

Resource Loss

Resource Loss

Resource Loss

LCIA

Occupation Perspective


Consumptive resource use

Dispersive resource use

Fossil resources

Combustion process

Natural resources

Metals


natural resources

functional values

intrinsic values

existence values

impact categories

impact categories

abiotic resources


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.260

resource extraction

resource availability for future generations

resource use

future consequences of resource extraction

resource provision

resource extraction

lower concentration resources


Resource Depletion

Decreased availability

Damage to availability of resources for human wealth

Decreased availability

Decreased availability

Regeneration

Recovery

Stock size

Regeneration rates

Recovery fractions


abiotic resources

raw material extraction

raw material extraction

raw material extraction

mining and processing of mineral resources

resource depletion impact category


Resource Use

Resource Use

Resource Use

Natural Resources

Natural Resources

Abiotic Resources

Abiotic Resources

Biotic Resources

Biotic Resources

Water Use

Land Use


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.261

Biotic resources

Abiotic resources

Flow resources

Fund resources

Stock resources

Solar radiation

Wind

Freshwater

Sand

Gravel


Resource Use

Methods aggregating natural resource consumption based on inherent property

Resource Use

Methods relating natural resource consumption to resource stocks or availability

Resource Use

Methods relating current natural resource consumption to consequences of future extraction

Exergy

Energy

Solar Energy


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.262

Cumulative Energy Demand

Cumulative Energy Demand

Cumulative Energy Demand

CML-IA

Cumulative Energy Demand


Resource Scarcity

Stock-to-Extraction Ratio

Reserves

Reserves

Economically Feasible with Current Technology

Category 2 Methods


Reserves

Reserve Base

Ultimate Reserves

Reserves

Reserve Base

Potential to Become Economically and Technically Available


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.263

Estimate

Extractable geologic resource

Ultimate recoverable resource

Extractable geologic resource

Reserves

Reserve base


Abiotic resources

Abiotic resources

Biotic resources

Stock resources

Stock resources

metals in ores

fossil resources

Fund resources

Fund resources

can be depleted if extraction rate exceeds regeneration rate


LC-IMPACT

LC-IMPACT

dependency on uncertain assumptions about future efficiencies and energy needs


CML-IA

CML-IA

EDIP method

EDIP method

EDIP method

renewable resources assessment

renewable resources assessment


Eco-Indicator 99

IMPACT 2002+

ReCiPe

EPS 2000

Stepwise method

Ore Requirement Indicator ORI

Surplus Ore Potential SOP

Surplus Ore Potential SOP


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.264

Economic Resource Scarcity Potential

Economic Resource Scarcity Potential

Economic Resource Scarcity Potential

metal content in ore

Life Cycle Inventory

elementary flows of mineral and metal resources

metal used as input


Global land use impacts on biomass production

resource-related life cycle impact assessment model

ambient PM2.5

off-stream freshwater use

Water Impact Index


Water Accounting and Vulnerability Evaluation

LANCA

freshwater use


Life Cycle Inventory

Elementary Flows

Mineral and Metal Resources

Mineral and Metal Resources

Resource Availability

Resource Depletion

Metals

Oil

Coal

Natural Gas

Sand and Gravel

Limestone


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.265

Water Scarcity Footprint

AWARE

Water Use Impact Assessment

Water Footprint

AWARE


Land Use Impacts on Biotic Production

Biodiversity

Ambient Air Pollution Exposure


Land use

Land use in life cycle assessment

Regional and global potential species extinction

Cumulative Exergy Extraction from the Natural Environment


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Health effects of fine particulate matter

fine particulate matter


International Reference Life Cycle Data System

ILCD Handbook—General Guide for Life Cycle Assessment—Detailed Guidance

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment Models and Indicators

ILCD Handbook


ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

European Commission Joint Research Centre

Environmental Footprint


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.266

Ecological Scarcity Method

Swiss eco-factors 2013


ReCiPe 2008

ReCiPe 2008

Swiss Ecological Scarcity Method

Cumulative Energy Demand


USEtox

USEtox

toxic emissions

blue water footprints

impact assessment


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.267


Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Impact assessment of resources and land use


ISO 14040

ISO 14040

ISO 14044

ISO 14044

ISO 14046

ISO 14046


ISO 14046

ISO 14046

Land Use Impacts

Species Diversity

NMVOC Emissions

Carbon Footprint


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.268


Abiotic Depletion Potential

CML-IA

Abiotic Depletion Potential

characterisation factor

characterisation factor

EDIP


Water Footprinting

Ecological Footprints

Footprint Indicators


Agricultural water scarcity

Characterisation factors

Land use

Land use

Carbon transfers between vegetation/soil and air

Critical loads

Critical loads


USEtox

USEtox

USEtox

Goal and Scope Definition


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.269

Land use impacts on freshwater regulation

Erosion regulation

Water purification

Solar energy demand

Anthropogenic Stock Extended Abiotic Depletion Potential


Goal and Scope Definition

Goal and Scope Definition

Goal and Scope Definition

Footprint Metrics


Abiotic resource depletion

primary metal resource use

impact categories

category indicators


Economic Resource Scarcity Potential

Economic Resource Scarcity Potential

Abiotic Resource Depletion

land use impacts

land occupation

land use change

mineral deposits


hauschild:10 Life Cycle Impact Assessment, p.270


Peter Fantke

Peter Fantke

Alexis Laurent

Alexis Laurent

Montserrat Núñez

Montserrat Núñez

Montserrat Núñez


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.271


Michael Hauschild

Michael Hauschild

Michael Hauschild

Anne-Marie Boulay

Anne-Marie Boulay

Peter Fantke

Peter Fantke

Peter Fantke


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.272

interpretation of the results

management of uncertainty information

communication of uncertainty information

presentation of uncertainty information


Uncertainty

Uncertainty quantification

Uncertainty interpretation

Uncertainty communication


Uncertainty Management

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Management

Uncertainty Management


Uncertainty

Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty Propagation

Uncertainty Communication

Uncertainty Interpretation


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.273


Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty Management

Water Use

Uncertainty Management


LCA study

point estimate

impact score

uncertainty analysis

superposed distributions

overlapping distributions


Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis

uncertainty in modelling and measurements

water use


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.274


Uncertainty

Uncertainty Management

Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty Management

Impact Categories


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.275

Temporal Variability

Spatial Variability

Inter-individual Variability


Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty Reduction

Uncertainty Reduction

Uncertainty Reduction


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.276

variability

variability

sensitivity

sensitivity

time horizon


Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty Assessment

Model Result


Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Functional Unit

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

LCIA Method Selection


Local Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity

Accuracy

Accuracy

Conformance to Correct Value or Standard

Precision


LCIA Method

global sensitivity analysis

global sensitivity analysis

considers range of variation of input parameters as function of uncertainty

local sensitivity analysis

sensitivity

used in various and inconsistent ways in literature


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.278

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

greenhouse gas emissions

GWP20

GWP


GWP20

GWP20

Global Warming Potential

total potential contribution to global warming

GWP20

precise but inaccurate for total warming potential

LCA study


Global Warming Potential

time-integrated radiative forcing of a substance per unit mass emitted

Global Warming Potential

Human toxicity

GWP100

GWP20


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.279

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

toxicity midpoint indicator

toxicity midpoint indicator

greater accuracy for environmental impacts


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.277

Accuracy

Precision

Accuracy

Precision


midpoint indicator

midpoint indicator

endpoint indicator

endpoint indicator

endpoint indicator

accuracy


radiative forcing

increased temperature

melting polar caps

rising sea levels

more extreme weather events

loss of agricultural yield

increased competition for food

starvation

toxicity-related impact categories


Environmental Relevance

Environmental Relevance

Midpoint Indicators

Midpoint Indicators


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.280

Midpoint Indicator

Endpoint Indicator

Midpoint Indicator

Endpoint Indicator

CO2-equivalents

Impact Category

Impact Category


Midpoint Level

CO2-equivalents

Lost species

Lost lives

Decision Implementation

Decision Implementation


Toxicity-related impact categories

Climate change

Toxicity-related impact categories

Environmental relevance of indicators

Environmental relevance of indicators

Uncertainty


impact pathway

midpoint

endpoint

uncertainty of interpretation

uncertainty of models and parameters

environmental relevance


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.281

midpoint indicators

midpoint indicators

midpoint indicators

less relevant for environmental consequences

endpoint indicators

midpoint indicators


endpoint indicators

endpoint indicators

midpoint indicators

damage level

characterisation model

characterisation model

LCA indicators

LCA indicators

LCA indicators


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.282

probability density function

uncertainty

LCA


LCA model

LCA model

model overall error

model overall error

parsimony principle


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.283


normal distribution

95% interval

95% interval


standard deviation

arithmetic mean

normal distribution

log-normal distribution

beta distribution

binomial distribution

Poisson distribution

hypergeometric distribution

probability mass function


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.284

95% uncertainty interval

95% uncertainty interval

68% uncertainty interval

99.7% uncertainty interval

standard deviation

mean

median


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.285


Log-normal distribution

95% uncertainty interval

Geometric Standard Deviation squared (GSD2)

Geometric Standard Deviation squared

95% uncertainty interval

uncertainty intervals


Log-normal Distribution

Distribution Type

Inventory Data

Characterisation Factors


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.286

Temporal variability

Spatial variability

Variability between objects

Parameter uncertainty

Model structure uncertainty

Uncertainty due to choices

Epistemological uncertainty

Mistakes


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.287

Parameter Uncertainty

Model Uncertainty

Scenario Uncertainty

Parameter Uncertainty

Model Uncertainty

Scenario Uncertainty


Scenario uncertainty

Scenario uncertainty

Parameter uncertainty

Parameter uncertainty


Parameter Uncertainty

Variability

ecoinvent

Impact World+

LC-Impact

Primary Data

Data Representativeness

Spatialised LCA

LCI Data


Parameter Uncertainty

Uncertainty and Variability

Environmental Relevance Uncertainty

Environmental Relevance Uncertainty

Characterisation Model

Characterisation Model


central limit theorem

uncertainty quantification

unit processes

distribution types


Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

Global Warming Potential

carbon footprint

climate change-related human health impacts

relevance uncertainty


Functional Unit

System Boundaries

LCIA Method Selection

Epistemological Uncertainty

Mistakes

Relevance Uncertainty

Uncertainty Sources


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.288

Technology differences between factories

Technology relevance differences for impact categories

Environmental, ecological and human characteristics differences

Individual preferences in panel method

Inaccurate or non-representative inventory data

Uncertainty in substance lifetimes

Inaccurate normalisation data


Temporal variability

Spatial variability

Variability between objects

Temporal variability

Temporal variability

Spatial variability

Spatial variability

Spatial variability

Choice of impact categories and classification

Variability between objects

Variability between objects


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.289

Goal and scope definition

Inventory analysis

Choice of impact categories and classification

Characterisation

Weighting and normalisation

Model uncertainty

Model uncertainty

Uncertainty due to choices

Uncertainty due to choices

Scenario uncertainty

Relevance uncertainty

Relevance uncertainty


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.290

relevance uncertainty

indicator representativeness

data representativeness

relevance

measurement uncertainty


Completeness of impact categories

Environmental relevance and representativeness

Representativeness of indicator

Normalisation or weighting factors

Epistemological uncertainty

Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis

Ignorance about relevant aspects of studied system

Ignorance about modelled processes

Ignorance about relevant impact mechanisms

Ignorance about relevant environmental processes

Ignorance about relevant priorities

Mistakes


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.291


Global Warming Potential

biodiesel


uncertainty

Uncertainties and variabilities

relevance uncertainty

relevance uncertainty

indicator representativeness


Global Warming Potential

biodiesel environmental preference assessment

land use

toxicity

eutrophication

midpoint indicator

endpoint indicator


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.292

LCA

hotspot analysis

systematic error

systematic error

systematic error


Model Complexity

Parsimony Principle

Model Simplicity

Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty Assessment

Process Representation


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.293

Parameter Uncertainty

Uncertainty Quantification and Propagation Methods

Variability

Parameter Uncertainty

Uncertainty Propagation Methods


Completeness

Completeness

indicator values

simple model

simple model

simple model

complex model

complex model

complex model


LCA

LCA results

LCA results

uncertainty of difference between compared alternatives


uncertainty propagation methods

variability of measurable parameters

model uncertainty

mistakes

interpretation of LCA results


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.294

Pedigree Matrix Approach

Pedigree Matrix Approach

elementary flows

elementary flows

ecoinvent database

ILCD

LCI results


Pedigree Matrix Approach

Pedigree Matrix Approach


uncertainty quantification

uncertainty intervals

parameter variability analysis

scenario analysis

pedigree matrix

fuzzy data sets

analytical uncertainty propagation

Monte Carlo analysis

Bayesian statistics


Data Quality Indicators

Data Quality Indicators

Data Quality Indicators

Data Quality Indicators

Data Quality Indicators

Pedigree Matrix

Pedigree Matrix

Data Quality

Data-related Uncertainty


pedigree matrix approach

pedigree matrix

pedigree matrix

reliability

data quality indicator

uncertainty factors

uncertainty factors


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.295

Monte Carlo simulation

Monte Carlo simulation

pedigree approach

Monte Carlo simulation

iterative model calculations with sampled probability distributions


ecoinvent 3

coefficient of variation

pedigree matrix approach

pedigree matrix approach

pedigree matrix

spatiotemporal data variability

data-related base uncertainty


ecoinvent 3

pedigree matrix

reliability

uncertainty factors

ecoinvent 2

ecoinvent 3


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.296

Monte Carlo simulation

uncertainty measures

uncertainty measures

uncertainty measures

simple random sampling

simple random sampling


Latin Hypercube Sampling

Median Latin Hypercube Sampling


Monte Carlo analysis

Monte Carlo analysis

number of iterations

LCI model complexity

Monte Carlo simulation


Latin Hypercube Sampling

Latin Hypercube Sampling

Monte Carlo simulation

Monte Carlo simulation

Life Cycle Assessment

covariance


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.297

Monte Carlo simulation

Latin Hypercube sampling

uncertainty analysis

input parameter correlation


Monte Carlo simulations

Analytical Uncertainty Propagation

first-order approximation

first-order approximation


Monte Carlo simulation

input parameter correlations

uncertainty and sensitivity analysis

LCI databases


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.298

Analytical approach

Analytical approach

Monte Carlo simulation

Analytical approach


model output uncertainty

Geometric Standard Deviation of model input

Geometric Standard Deviation of model output

variance of input variables

log-normally distributed data


Analytical approach

Analytical approach

Monte Carlo simulation

Analytical methods

Uncertainty assessment


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Analytical Uncertainty Quantification

Analytical Uncertainty Quantification

Elementary Flow

Unit Process


analytical approach

analytical approach

LCA

analytical methods


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.299

Taylor series expansion

Monte Carlo simulation

sensitivity analysis

window frames


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Coefficients

Model Output Uncertainty

Output Variance


Perturbation analysis

Perturbation analysis

Sensitivity

Sensitivity


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.300

scenario analysis

scenario analysis

Interpretation and Use of Uncertainty Information


sensitivity analysis

scenario analysis

scenario analysis

scenario analysis

scenario analysis

scenario analysis

LCIA method


Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty

Sensitivity


Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

Variability

Sensitivity Analysis


First-Order Taylor Expansion

First-Order Taylor Expansion

Monte Carlo

Monte Carlo

First-Order Taylor Expansion

Monte Carlo


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.301


Identification of significant issues

Identification of significant issues

input parameters

unit processes

characterisation factors


Uncertainty Management

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

input parameter

characterisation factors


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.302

impact score

difference between impact scores

correlated parameters


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.303

uncertainty analysis

uncertainty analysis

screening level analysis

scenario comparison


Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Impact contribution analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Identification of important sources of uncertainty

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis

Precision


elementary flows

characterisation factors

characterisation factors

impact score

spatial variability

spatially resolved data

temporal variability

temporally explicit data

water consumption


Key Issue Analysis

Key Issue Analysis

Eutrophication

Toxicity

Land Use

Water Use

Unit Process

Unit Process

Elementary Flow

Regionalised LCIA Characterisation Factor


Impact Category

Difference Method

Ratio Method

Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty Quantification

Monte Carlo Simulation


Monte Carlo simulation

Monte Carlo simulation

probability calculation

environmental preference


uncertainty assessment

probability quantification

uncertainty assessment


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.304

analytical propagation method

climate change results

XLERATOR

primary data

secondary data


hand dryer comparison study

climate change

analytical propagation method


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.305

XLERATOR

uncertainty analysis

paired comparison

parameter dependency


Climate Change Impact

Standard Dryer

Uncertainty


virgin paper towels

standard dryers

recycled paper towels


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.306

recycled paper towels

recycled content allocation

recycled paper processing

statistical analysis


temporally explicit data

uncertainty assessment

comparative LCA

input parameters

electricity

fuel

transport

impact score


confidence intervals

hypothesis testing

climate change impact score ratio


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.307

Uncertainty Analysis

Uncertainty Assessment

Communication of Uncertainty

Uncertainty Quantification


Target Audience Identification

Uncertainty Representation

Target Audience

Uncertainty Information


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.308

Uncertainty Analysis

LCA Results

Uncertainty Information


uncertainty information

LCA study

executive summary

technical summary


window frames LCA case study

window frames LCA case study

uncertainty communication

uncertainty communication

uncertainty communication


LCA experts

Informed stakeholders

Informed stakeholders


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.309

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Robustness of conclusions and recommendations

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Communication of uncertainty


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.310


Uncertainty quantification

Uncertainty quantification

Uncertainty quantification

Uncertainty propagation

Robustness of numerical results

Sensitivity analysis


point estimates

uncertainty information

uncertainty information


Progressive Disclosure of Information

Progressive Disclosure of Information


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.311

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty Description


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.312

USEtox 2.02

freshwater ecotoxicity characterisation factors


Uncertainty information

Uncertainty information

Uncertainty information

Uncertainty information

Qualitative presentation

Descriptive presentation

Numerical presentation

Verbal presentation


Probability Distribution Functions

Cumulative Distribution Functions

Probability Boxes

Error Bars


Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Global Warming Potential

False Precision

Uncertainty


error bars

uncertainty representation

freshwater ecotoxicity

USEtox 2.02


Uncertainty Management

Error bars

Uncertainty bands

Box plots

Probability distributions

Coefficients of variation

Confidence intervals


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.313

Uncertainty Management

Climate Change


uncertainty of difference

error bars

axis scale

impact scores

uncertainty spanning multiple orders of magnitude

Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.314

Uncertainty Management

Tiered Approach

Qualitative Uncertainty Source Listing

Quantitative Uncertainty Estimation


Uncertainty Management

Tiered Approach

Guidance on Characterizing and Communicating Uncertainty in Exposure Assessment


Uncertainty Management

Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty Representation

Uncertainty Reduction

Uncertainty Propagation

Background LCI Data

LCIA Characterisation Factors


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.315

Uncertainty Management

Uncertainty Management


uncertainty analysis

point estimate

probabilistic uncertainty analysis

UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative


Screening uncertainty analysis

WHO Uncertainty Characterization Framework

Qualitative uncertainty analysis

Deterministic uncertainty analysis

Probabilistic uncertainty analysis

Screening uncertainty analysis

Qualitative uncertainty analysis

Deterministic uncertainty analysis


Uncertainty Management

Qualitative Uncertainty Consideration

Tiered Uncertainty Assessment Framework

Sensitivity Analysis


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.316

Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty

Variability

Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty Assessment

Iterative Nature of LCA


Tier 0

Minimum transparency with clear definition of notable difference between scenarios

Tier 1

Screening level identification of important sources of parameter uncertainty

Tier 2

Qualitative and semi-quantitative uncertainty assessment

Tier 3

Quantitative uncertainty assessment of all sources of uncertainty

Tier 4

Tier 1

Tier 2

Tier 3


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.317

LCI database

uncertainty analysis

LCIA methods

characterisation factors

LCIA uncertainty


Uncertainty assessment

Uncertainty assessment

Uncertainty assessment

Uncertainty assessment


LCIA methods

uncertainty estimates for characterisation factors

LCA

LCA

LCA


Uncertainty Assessment

Uncertainty Assessment

LCI Database

LCIA Method

LCA Software

Sensitivity Analysis


Uncertainty Assessment

Quantification and storage of uncertainty, variability, and correlation

Propagation of input uncertainties to model output uncertainty

Sensitivity analysis

Uncertainty contribution analysis

Scenario comparison


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Relative Difference in Potential Impacts

Environmental Product Declarations

Uncertainty Management

Sensitivity Analysis


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.318


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.319


De Schryver et al. (2011)

Value Choices

Clavreul et al. (2013)

Probability and Possibility Theories

LCA Indicators

Uncertainty Quantification


EDIP2003

Spatial Differentiation in Life Cycle Impact Assessment

uncertainty propagation

sensitivity analysis

correlation

uncertainty and sensitivity analysis in life cycle assessment


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.320

Uncertainty analysis

Probability bounds approach

Pedigree approach


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Uncertainty

Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:11 Uncertainty Management and Sensitivity Analysis, p.321


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.323

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation


Peter Fantke

Peter Fantke

Peter Fantke

USEtox

USEtox

Uncertainty analysis

Uncertainty analysis


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Information

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Information

Significant Issues Identification


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.324

Interpretation Phase

Interpretation Phase


Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation

Interpretation


Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Completeness

Sensitivity

Consistency


Interpretation

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

Impact Assessment

Inventory Analysis

Scope Definition

Interpretation

Conclusions, Limitations and Recommendations

Identification of Significant Issues

Completeness Checks

Sensitivity Checks

Consistency Checks


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.325

Life Cycle Interpretation

Life Cycle Interpretation

Identification of Significant Issues

Identification of Significant Issues

Identification of Significant Issues

Inventory data

Characterisation factors

Normalisation factors

Weighting factors


Use Stage

Use Stage

Heat Loss

Heating Sources Mix

Characterisation Factors

Normalisation References


dominance analysis

sensitivity analysis

evaluation element

inventory analysis

impact assessment

use stage

use stage


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.326

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation

Evaluation


Life Cycle Inventory Phase

Goal and Scope Definition

Product System Modelling

Impact Assessment

Sensitivity Analysis

Contribution Analysis

Dominance Analysis

Process

Life Cycle Stage


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Impact Assessment Method Selection

Impact Assessment Method

Impact Category


key processes

key elementary flows

Impact assessment factors

Impact assessment factors


Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Goal and Scope Definition

Evaluation

Evaluation

Functional Unit

System Expansion

Allocation

System Boundaries


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.327

Completeness Check

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

Consistency Check

Completeness Check

Completeness Check


Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Completeness Check

Completeness Check

Goal and Scope Definition

Data Deficiency


LCI

LCIA

heat mix

energy technologies

geographically representative for Norway and Switzerland

characterisation factors

characterisation factors

Life Cycle Interpretation


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.328

Sensitivity Check

Sensitivity Check

Sensitivity Check

Contribution Analysis

Dominance Analysis

Activities

Elementary Flows


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.329

Data uncertainty

Methodological uncertainty

Elementary flows

Characterisation factors

Monte Carlo techniques

Allocation principle


Completeness Check

Goal Definition

Scope Definition

Inventory

Completeness Check

Completeness Check

Completeness Check


sensitivity analysis

sensitivity analysis

sensitivity analysis

sensitivity analysis

interpretation phase

interpretation phase

oil

natural gas


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.330

sensitivity check

Sensitivity Uncertainty


system expansion

allocation rules

cut-off criteria

boundary setting

system definition

impact categories

classification

characterisation

normalisation

weighting

Life Cycle Interpretation


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Uncertainty Analysis

Data Uncertainty

Data Quality

Data Quality

Precision


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.331

Consistency Check

Consistency Check

Consistency Check

Consistency Check

Inventory data quality

Inventory data quality

Inventory data quality

sensitivity analysis


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.332

goal and scope


Interpretation

Interpretation

Significant Issues Identification

Completeness Evaluation

Sensitivity Evaluation

Consistency Evaluation


use stage

heat losses through window

wood composite window

technological changes in heat supply


Completeness

Sensitivity

Consistency

Preliminary conclusions

Final conclusions

Recommendations

Recommendations


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.333

Window Life Cycle

Technological Improvements Expected in Other Stages

Comparative Studies

Comparative Studies

Interpretation for Comparative Studies

Significant Issues Differences Between Product Systems


completeness check

completeness check

uncertainty analysis

uncertainty analysis

difference between systems


hauschild:12 Life Cycle Interpretation, p.334


ISO 14040

ISO 14040

ISO 14044

ISO 14044

LCIA methodology

LCIA methodology


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review


Impact Assessment

Impact Assessment

ILCD Handbook

ISO 14040

ISO 14044


ISO 14040:2006

ISO 14044:2006

ISO TS 14071:2014

Critical Review


Critical Review

Critical Review

LCA studies


consistency check

consistency check

inventory data quality

allocation rules

Life Cycle Interpretation


Fast-food restaurant LCA

System boundaries

Fast-food restaurant LCA


Dust to Dust: The Energy Cost of New Vehicles From Concept to Disposal

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Hummer H2

Hummer H3

Toyota Prius


ISO TS 14071

ISO TS 14071

critical review


LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

critical review

SETAC LCA Code of practice


ISO 14044

ISO 14044

sensitivity analyses

consistency check

consistency check


critical review

critical review

critical review according to ISO 14044

scientific peer-review


International Reference Life Cycle Data System

Review schemes

Review schemes


Critical Review

Critical Review

Verification

ISO 14040

ISO 14044

ISO TS 14071


ILCD handbooks

ILCD handbooks

reviewer qualifications for LCI datasets

ILCD handbooks

European reference Life Cycle Database ELCD

scientific peer-review

critical review


Critical Review Process

Critical Review Process

consistency between life cycle assessment and principles and requirements of International Standards on life cycle assessment

Critical Review Process

Critical Review Process

goal definition


Product Environmental Footprint

Environmental Product Declarations

Product Environmental Footprint

critical review

goal and scope definition

data collection


Goal Definition

ISO 14044

Critical Review

Comparative Assertion

Product Environmental Footprint

Comparative Assertion


concurrent review approach

concurrent review approach

methodology flaws

data quality

assumptions and calculations


integrated/interactive review

integrated/interactive review

integrated/interactive review

a posteriori approach

a posteriori approach

concurrent review


Critical Review Process

Critical Review Process

Methods Consistency with International Standard

Critical Review Process

Critical Review Process

Critical Review Process

Interpretation Consistency with Study Goal

Critical Review Process


ISO TS 14071

ISO TS 14071

ISO TS 14071

European PEF Guide

Critical Review

Critical Review


Goal and Scope Definition

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Interpretation

Goal and Scope Definition

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

ISO 14044

ISO TS 14071


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review


ISO TS 14071

Assessment of the life cycle inventory model

ISO TS 14071

Critical review

Critical review

Data accessibility

Life cycle inventory model


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review


Critical Review Report

Critical Review Report

Critical Review Report

ISO TS 14071:2014

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement


Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement


Critical Review

Critical Review


LCA Report

LCA Report

LCA Report

LCA Report

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement


Critical Review

Critical Review

LCA expertise

LCA expertise

Technical expertise

Product system model


Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Report

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Report

Critical Review

Critical Review


ISO TS 14071

Critical Review


Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review Statement

Critical Review


LCIA

Interpretation

Goal and scope definition

Goal and scope definition


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review


Critical Review

Critical Review

Reviewer Qualifications

Reviewer Selection

Reviewer Tasks


Critical Review Process

Critical Review Process

Chairperson


ISO TS 14071

critical review process

reviewer

chairperson

reviewer

reviewer


Critical review

Critical review

Critical review

Critical review

Critical review

Critical review


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Reviewer

Critical Reviewer


Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review

Critical Review


ISO 14040

Life Cycle Assessment Principles and Framework

ISO 14044

Life Cycle Assessment Requirements and Guidelines

ISO 14071

ISO 14071


ISO 14040

ISO 14044

LCIA


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.349

input–output analysis

hybrid input–output analysis

input–output analysis


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.350

Input-Output Analysis

Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis

Hybrid IO-LCA

Hybrid IO-LCA

Input-Output Analysis

Attributional LCA


Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Process-Based Life Cycle Assessment


Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Cut-off

Life Cycle Assessment

System Boundaries

Product Category Rules

Cut-off Criteria


LCA databases

background system

process diagram

individual product

cut-off processes


System boundary setting

System boundary setting

Product system

Functional unit

First tier inputs

Elementary flows

Elementary flows

Foreground processes

Primary data

LCA databases


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.351

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Satellite Accounts

Embodied Impacts

Economic Allocation

Sector


attributional LCA

consequential LCA

IO-based LCA

IO-based LCA

IO-based LCA

process-based LCA

IO-based LCA


Input-Output LCA

Input-Output LCA

embodied impact intensities

Input-Output LCA

linear relationship between production and impacts

attributional LCA

consequential LCA

attributional LCA

consequential LCA


Input-Output Analysis

limited coverage of environmental impact categories

Input-Output Analysis

limited sector specific emissions for toxic substances

Process-LCA

higher accuracy in environmental impact databases

Process-LCA


Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Process-LCA

Process-LCA


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.352

process-LCA

IO-LCA

IO-LCA

economic and social sustainability assessment


Input-Output Analysis

grain production

grain production


grain production

input–output ratio

grain production


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.353

Input-Output Analysis

Life Cycle Assessment

Input-Output Analysis


Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Truck Manufacture

Truck Manufacture

Truck Manufacture


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.354

Economic Input-Output Analysis

Intermediate Production

Intermediate Production

Sector


truck manufacture

truck manufacture

metal manufacture

metal manufacture

metal manufacture

machine manufacture

machine manufacture

ore mining

truck manufacture

interconnected unit processes


Leontief inverse

shows system-wide interconnections of sectors in supply chain

indirect multipliers

describe total production needed to provide one unit of final demand

Truck production

Truck production

requires 0.26 units of metals per truck (indirect)

Truck production

requires 0.15 units of metals per truck (direct)


indirect multipliers

indirect inputs

satellite accounts

satellite accounts

environmental extensions

environmentally extended input–output table


Input-Output Analysis

Input Coefficient Table

Final Demand Vector

Ores

Intermediate Demand

Final Demand


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.355

Direct emission intensities

Direct emission intensities

Land use

Manufacturing

Mining

Mining


Input-Output Analysis

Direct input coefficients

Indirect input coefficients

Metals

Trucks

WIOD datasets


Life Cycle Inventory

hybrid LCAs

Environmental Extended Input-Output

Environmental Extended Input-Output

input–output analysis

input–output analysis


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.356

WIOD

WIOD

WIOD

WIOT

Danish steel

Chinese steel production


Direct emission intensity

Direct emission intensity

Metal production

Metal production

Production perspective


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.357


Danish steel industry

Chinese steel industry

Danish steel industry

Chinese steel industry

Basis Metals and Fabricated Metal sector

Chinese steel industry


carbon footprint

emission intensity

metal industry

input coefficients

monetary flow data


Input–Output Analysis

Basic metals

Mining and quarrying

Electricity, gas and water supply

Basic metals and fabricated metal


carbon footprint

recycling

processed metals

ores


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.358

Energy

Machinery

Raw Materials

EEIO

EEIO

Metal Production


Carbon footprint

Chinese metal products

Danish metal products

Supply chain

Metal products from Germany

Embodied emissions in Danish metal supply chain

Metal products from Russia


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.359

Global supply chains

Wholesale and retail trade

Cut-off

Cut-off

Cut-off


Direct emission

Basic metals

Electricity

Mining

Non-metallic mineral

Machinery


hybrid-LCA

IO dataset

Global Warming Potential

process-LCA climate impact


CO2 emissions

B matrix

Carbon footprint

Total output

WIOD

Input-Output table


identified cut-off

non-identified cut-off

identified cut-off

maintenance services

maintenance services

specialty metals

unidentified cut-off


Child Labour

Trade Services

Warehouse Work

Hybrid-LCA

Hybrid-LCA


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.360

Process-LCA

Process-LCA

LCA databases

tiered analysis

physical flows

monetary flows

consumer prices


stay at the hotel

monetary flows

flight

EIO-LCA

carbon intensities


power generation and supply sector

hotel heating

hotel stay

EIO-LCA


airplane travel

emission intensity of airplane travel

flight

USEIO-LCA model

monetary flows

ecoinvent 2.2


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.361

Carbon Footprint

EIO-LCA

WIOD dataset

Emission Intensity


flight emissions

high atmospheric altitude radiative forcing

process-based inventory

hotel energy efficiency

renewable energy

EIO-LCA dataset

WIOD


EIO-LCA

Taxi

Hotels

Restaurants

Insurance

Carbon footprint

Input–Output Analysis


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.362

Input Coefficients

Danish Basic Metal Industry

Chinese Basic Metal Industry

Process-LCA

Process-LCA

Infrastructure Costs


Process-LCA

Process-LCA

IO-table

LCA unit process database

IO-table inputs

benchmarking


Contribution analysis

Structural path analysis

Contribution analysis

Contribution analysis

direct emissions

Structural path analysis

EIO-LCA


Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

WIOD

WIOD

Emission Factor


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.363

IO-LCA

IO-LCA

process-LCA

repair services

environmentally extended input-output models


Input-Output Analysis

Path Exchange Method

Accumulative Structural Path Analysis

Land Use

Toxic Emissions


LCA

SimaPro

OpenLCA

path exchange method

process-LCA

basic chemicals sector


Process-LCA

Path analysis

Sankey diagram

Flow chart

SimaPro

OpenLCA


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.364

Basic Chemicals Sector

Packaging Materials

Input-Output Analysis

Carbon Footprinting


OpenROV

carbon footprint

rubber and plastics sector

Chemicals and chemical products


Input-Output Analysis

WIOD IO-sector classes


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.365

WIOD dataset

Social LCA

Social Hotspots Database

Social Hotspots Database


electronics

plastics

metals

supply of basic metals

electricity

imported electronics

chemical industry inputs

electricity use

metal manufacturing

chemical manufacture

identified processes


Input-Output Analysis

Social and Economic Sustainability Assessment

Input-Output datasets

National accounts

National accounts

Triple Bottom Line Sustainability Assessment

WIOD dataset

WIOD dataset

WIOD dataset


worker conditions

hours worked in supply chain

Metals

Plastics

Electronics

Direct emission

Input–Output Analysis


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.366

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment

Input-Output Life Cycle Assessment

Work Hour Footprint

Work Hours

Work Hours


Chinese electronics sector

Chinese electronics sector

Chinese electronics sector

Chinese electronics sector

Component manufacture


EEIO Datasets

EEIO Datasets

EEIO Datasets

EEIO Datasets


social LCA

social LCA

social LCA

social LCA

Input-Output dataset

supply chain analysis


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.367

WIOD

WIOD

WIOD

EORA

EORA

EORA

EORA

EORA

human appropriation of net primary production

EORA

multiple region input–output analysis


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.368

OECD input-output database

OECD input-output database

Eurostat database

Eurostat database

OECD inter-country IO dataset


CEDA 4.0

CEDA 5.0

Waste Input–Output Table

Waste Input–Output Table

Waste Input–Output Table

Waste Input–Output Table

Waste Input–Output Table


EIO-LCA

EIO-LCA

CEDA 4.0

CEDA 4.0

2500 emission and resource depletion categories

EORA


LCA processes

allocation rules

allocation rules

allocation rules


FORWAST

EXIOBASE 2.0

EXIOBASE 2.0

EXIOBASE 2.0

EXIOBASE 3.0

land use

Global Trade Analysis Project

Global Trade Analysis Project


LCIA

Environmental Extensions

EEIO datasets

EEIO datasets

LCIA model

country total emission

country total resource use

Multiple Region Input-Output model


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.369

industrial sites

commercial sites


LCIA model

LCIA model

LCIA model

black carbon emissions

black carbon emissions

emission factors

emission factors

emission factors

emission factors

emission factors


end-of-life stage

construction of infrastructure

construction investments

recycling

capital investments

waste treatment sector


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.370

EIO-LCA

electricity production

carbon footprint

emission intensities

process-LCA

IO-LCA

path exchange method


WIOD

EORA

electronic and optical equipment

electronics

Carbon footprint


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.371

circuit boards and electronic components

electricity and signal testing

carbon and graphite products

sector aggregation

characterisation factors


End-of-life stage

Construction of infrastructure

Energy consumption

Land use

Greenhouse gas emissions

EEIO

Diesel fuel consumption


Input-Output databases

Input-Output databases

Input-Output tables


Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

Input-Output Analysis

EORA


hauschild:14 Use of Input–Output Analysis in LCA, p.372


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.373

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Conventional Life Cycle Costing

Societal Life Cycle Costing


Carbon Footprint

Path Exchange Method

Input-Output Analysis

Power Series Expansion

Structural Analysis

Life Cycle Inventory

System Boundary Selection

Hybrid Approaches


eLCC

eLCC

eLCC

eLCC


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.374

Life Cycle Costing

Economic Dimension

Environmental Dimension

Social Dimension


waste treatment

process-LCA

infrastructure demolition

infrastructure recycling

Mining

energy production

EEIO datasets

emission intensities


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.375

Life Cycle Costing

Ex ante LCC

Ex post LCC


Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing


Life Cycle Costing

versatile technique for decision-making support

Conventional LCC

Environmental LCC

Societal LCC

Societal LCC

Conventional LCC

Conventional LCC

Conventional LCC

Conventional LCC

Conventional LCC


ISO 15663

IEC 60300-3-3

BS 3843

AS/NZS 4536

ISO 15686

Environmental LCC

Environmental LCC


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.376

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

revenues


Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Value Added


ex post LCC

goal and scope definition

target group

operation phase

operation phase

manufacturer perspective

manufacturer perspective


Material & Installation

Utilization

End of Life


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.377

Life Cycle Costing

Temporal Distribution

Monetary Flows

Life Cycle Costing

Price Adjustment


Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Internal Costs

borne by actors directly involved in product life cycle

External Costs

borne by actors indirectly influenced by product life cycle

Discounting

Discounting


Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

environmental LCC

societal LCC


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.378

Conventional LCC

Conventional LCC

Conventional LCC


Conventional LCC

Environmental LCC

Societal LCC

Societal LCC

Societal LCC

Conventional LCC


External costs

Externalities

External costs

External costs

Environmental LCC

Societal LCC


Life cycle costs

Net Present Value

Discounting

Discount rate

Inflation rate

Exchange rate


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.379

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Activity-Based-Costing

Total Cost of Ownership


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.380

environmental Life Cycle Costing

environmental Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Assessment


fuel combustion

LCIA results

Environmental LCC

Conventional LCC

Societal LCC

Societal LCC

Societal LCC


Environmental LCC

Environmental LCC

Environmental LCC

Environmental LCC

Environmental LCC

Environmental LCC


Internal cost

External costs

Value added


Conventional LCC

Environmental LCC

Societal LCC

Conventional LCC

Environmental LCC

Societal LCC


Internal costs

Internal costs

Internal costs

CO2 taxes


Life Cycle Costing

Discounting of results

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.381

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Costing


Life Cycle Costing

Social Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Assessment

Economic Life Cycle Costing


Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Discounting

Environmental Life Cycle Costing


Societal LCC

Societal LCC

Full environmental LCC

monetarisation of costs

impact results translation to monetary units


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.382

eLCC

eLCC

Goal and Scope Definition

Goal and Scope Definition

discounting


Life Cycle Costing

product price

raw materials

car production


environmental Life Cycle Costing

Life Cycle Assessment

environmental Life Cycle Costing

process-based LCA

Life Cycle Costing


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.383

Environmental Life Cycle Cost (eLCC)

Environmental Life Cycle Cost (eLCC)

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Services


Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

overhead costs

revenue allocation

gasoline production

inventory analysis


Service and maintenance

Service and maintenance

Raw material extraction

Production

Transport

ISO 14040

System expansion

System expansion


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.384

Manufacturing

Operation

End-of-Life

external costs

Value added


Inventory Analysis

Inventory Analysis

Energy Costs

Material Costs

Transportation Costs

Life Cycle Costing


eLCC

eLCC

eLCC

eLCC

eLCC

eLCC

functional unit

functional unit

system boundaries

system boundaries


Life Cycle Costs

User Perspective

Manufacturer Perspective

Acquisition

Operation

Maintenance

Materials

Design

Manufacturing


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.385

End-of-life

End-of-life

Financial data


Investment and Manufacturing stage

Investment and Manufacturing stage

Investment and Manufacturing stage

Use stage

Use stage

Use stage


Manufacturing Stage

External Costs

Emission Allowance Costs

Damage Costs

Prevention Costs

Acquisition Costs

Inventory Analysis


Transport

Energy

Maintenance

Auxiliaries

Taxes

Insurance

Capital Costs

Depreciation

Profit

Collection

Disassembly

Landfill fees


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.386

Surveys and interviews

Expert opinions

Cost estimation techniques


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.387

Delphi method

Case-based reasoning

Qualitative techniques

Quantitative techniques

Quantitative techniques


CES EduPack

CES EduPack

Eco Design and Sustainable Development tool

economic input-output tables

monetary supply-use tables

input-output tables


Marine fuel oils

Chemicals

Metals

Power

Gas

Coal

Oil


Quantitative techniques

Parametric approach

Sensitivity analysis

Sensitivity analysis


Sensitivity Analysis

Sensitivity Analysis

Life Cycle Costing

Fuel Costs


public databases

Life Cycle Costing

cost categories

cost categories

cost categories


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.388

Inventory Analysis

Inventory Analysis

production

production

production

R&D costs

R&D costs

R&D costs


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.389


Economic Life Cycle Costing

Economic Life Cycle Costing

Economic Life Cycle Costing

Manufacturing

Operation

Raw material extraction

Primary material production

Secondary material production


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.390

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Inventory

incineration

recycling


operation

heat losses

End-of-Life stage

delivery

installation


Goal and Scope definition

Data collection for inventory analysis

Interpretation and Sensitivity Analysis

Goal and Scope definition

Data collection for inventory analysis


polyamide/glassfibre window

Window frame

Window pane

Window packaging

Assembly

Transportation

Manufacturing costs


polyamide/glassfibre window

polyamide/glassfibre window

Use phase

Installation

Transportation

Transportation


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.391

Manufacturing

Operation

Life Cycle Costing

Monetarisation


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.392

Willingness To Pay

external costs

costs to avoid or counter balance change


external costs

Life Cycle Costing

air pollution from internal combustion engines

improved waste treatment plant

Manufacturing

Operation

End of Life


Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Societal Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Environmental Life Cycle Costing

Societal Life Cycle Costing

Monetarisation of External Costs

Monetarisation of External Costs


monetarising greenhouse gas emissions

monetarised impacts

monetarised impacts

Life Cycle Costing with external costs

Methodological choices


polyamide

glassfibre


Goal and Scope

Discounting

Discounting


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.394


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.393

Discount Factor

Discount Rate

Life Cycle Costing

Willingness to Pay

Contingent Valuation


Abatement cost

Abatement cost

Contingent ranking method

Dichotomous choice method

Close-ended iterative bidding

Open-ended willingness to pay


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.395


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.396

Heavy metals

Long environmental persistence (thousands of years)

Heavy metals

Diuron

Organic pesticides


Emission trading scheme

Carbon offset program

Abatement cost

Stepwise2006 v.1.2

Toxicity from heavy metals

Discount factor


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.397

Net Present Value

Net Present Value

Present Value

Life Cycle Costing


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.398


hauschild:15 Life Cycle Costing: An Introduction, p.399


Discount Rate

High Discount Factor

Ramsey Formula

Environmental Impact

External Cost

Internal Cost

Company Return on Investment

Government Long Term Borrowing Rate


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.401

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

assessing social impacts related to a product's life cycle

Social Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.402

Life Cycle Assessment

sustainable development

sustainability


S-LCA

S-LCA

social impacts

social impacts


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.403

Guidelines to S-LCA

Social Life Cycle Assessment


Goal Definition

Scope Definition


Life Cycle Assessment

social life cycle assessment

ISO 26000

social life cycle assessment


S-LCA

S-LCA

Guidelines for S-LCA

S-LCA


Environmental LCA

Environmental LCA

S-LCA

Guidelines to S-LCA

Guidelines to S-LCA


Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Inventory Analysis

Impact Assessment

Interpretation


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.404

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

workers

local communities


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.405

Global Reporting Initiative

ILO conventions

Normative requirements

ILO conventions


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Scope Definition

Impact Categories in S-LCA

well-being


S-LCA

S-LCA

human well-being


Social Themes

S-LCA

Guidelines for S-LCA

S-LCA

Social Themes

Worker Rights

International Labour Organisation Conventions

Working Conditions Themes


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.406

child labour

child labour

child labour


Social theory interpretation

Social theory interpretation

impact pathway

impact pathway

Co-creation

product life cycle


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Impacts

Life Cycle Stages

Stakeholder Perception

Participatory Processes


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.407

S-LCA

System Boundaries

System Boundaries

System Boundaries

Attributional approach

Consequential approach

Impact categories


consequential S-LCA

consequential S-LCA

life cycle stages


Production Process Change

Production Process Change

Production Process Change

Football Production

Worker

Worker


Consequential LCA

Consequential LCA

Consequential Social-LCA

process change

worker safety conditions

access to education

Social-LCA


S-LCA

S-LCA

S-LCA

Worker related issues

Non-discrimination

Freedom of association and collective bargaining

Child labour

Forced and compulsory labour

Level and regularity of wages and benefits

Physical working conditions

Psychological working conditions

Training and education of employees

Corruption

Development support and investments in society

Local community acceptance of company

Company commitment to sustainability issues

Integration of costumer health and safety concerns in product

Availability of product information to product users

Ethical guidelines for advertisements of product


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.408

S-LCA

football production at Saga Sports

worker dismissal

S-LCA

does not include impacts of non-production


Consequential S-LCA

impacts of production and non-production

S-LCA

S-LCA

LCA modelling

LCA modelling

S-LCA modelling principles

ILCD handbook

consequential and attributional approach


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.409

Iron Melting

Iron Melting

Process Type

Process Type

Environmental Impacts


Social Life Cycle Assessment

ILO established labour rights

workers' rights to organise in labour unions

ILO established labour rights

Iron melting

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social impacts


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Consequential LCA

Attributional LCA


S-LCA

S-LCA

LCA

generic life cycle unit process databases

elementary flows

unit process


Work-related injuries

Process

Iron production

Elementary flows

Job function

Process


Social-LCA

job function

social impact

Social-LCA

Process


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.410

Social impacts

Working time

Value creation

Allocation key


Social Life Cycle Assessment

product life cycle

processes

company conduct

process operation


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.411

Inventory Analysis

Inventory Analysis

LCA

S-LCA

Process

impact categories


Consequential S-LCA

Consequential S-LCA

Social impacts from process non-performance

Allocation approach

Social impacts

Environmental impacts


allocation key

S-LCA

consequential S-LCA

attributional approach

goal of assessment

working time

value creation


S-LCA

discrimination towards workers


Social Life Cycle Assessment

well-being

well-being

product life cycle


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.412

site-specific data

site-specific data

national and regional regulatory frameworks

performance indicators


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social impact databases


Objective Indicators

Objective Indicators

Process Indicators

Company Formal Management System Quality

Result Indicators

Company Management Initiatives


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.413

Social Life Cycle Assessment

value creation

value creation

value creation

indicators

social impacts databases


Social Hotspot Database

Social Hotspot Database

Social Hotspot Database

S-LCA

Social impacts database approach


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.414

Characterisation

elementary flows

emissions of benzene

Social Life Cycle Assessment

social indicators

work-related diseases

ILO violations


midpoint level assessment

endpoint assessment

characterisation

characterisation

violations of ILO conventions

non-lethal working accidents

social impacts


indicator

work-related diseases

ILO violations

decent working conditions

characterisation


S-LCA

S-LCA

midpoint-oriented impact categories

Area of Protection

social impacts


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.415

QALY

QALY

QALY

DALY


LCA

S-LCA

low causal relationship between process and social impacts

environmental impacts

social impacts

social impacts

inventory analysis

data collection


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.416


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

process data

environmental impacts


S-LCA

S-LCA


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

lower accuracy due to weak causal relationship between process and social impacts

Life Cycle Assessment

higher combined accuracy and ease of use

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.417

S-LCA

S-LCA


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.418

Allocation

UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for S-LCA

Social Life Cycle Assessment


S-LCA

Prospective assessments

Assessment of product families

Process

Social impacts


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Use stage

Consumers

EU Ecolabel

Social Life Cycle Assessment

UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for S-LCA


midpoint categories

endpoint

use phases

interviews with directly affected stakeholders

participatory approach

cultural differences


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Working Conditions

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Working Conditions


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Use stage

Social impact assessment


UNEP/SETAC Guidelines for S-LCA

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Cut roses production

Cut roses production

Social impacts

Social impacts


S-LCA

Rose production in Netherlands

Rose production in Netherlands

Rose production in Ecuador

Rose production in Ecuador


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.419

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Attribute Assessment

Life Cycle Attribute Assessment

Life Cycle Attribute Assessment

Life Cycle Attribute Assessment

Life Cycle Attribute Assessment


S-LCA

S-LCA

Life Cycle Assessment


wage levels

wage levels

energy consumption

energy consumption

energy consumption

Input–Output tables

process flows


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.420

S-LCA

S-LCA

S-LCA

social impact categories


Social LCA

S-LCIA

indicator development

characterisation modelling

impact pathways

normalisation references

valuation methods


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Guidelines for Social Life Cycle Assessment of Products


Social Life Cycle Assessment

Social Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

life cycle perspective

life cycle perspective

sustainability


Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Labour Rights

Social Impacts

ILCD Handbook


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.421


hauschild:16 Social Life Cycle Assessment: An Introduction, p.422


ISO 14040

ISO 14040

Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment—Principles and Framework

ISO 14044

ISO 14044

Environmental Management: Life Cycle Assessment—Requirements and Guidelines

ISO 26000:2010


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Attribute Assessment

Integrated Product Assessment

Integrated Product Assessment

Integrated Product Assessment


hauschild:17 Introduction to Part III: Application of LCA in Practice, p.425

Part II

Part II

Part III

LCA Methodology

LCA Application

LCA Application


Organisational LCA

Future-oriented LCA

Life Cycle Management

Ecodesign implementation and LCA

Environmental labels and declarations

Cradle to cradle and LCA


Life Cycle Thinking and the use of LCA in policies around the world

Globalisation and mainstreaming of LCA

Organisational LCA

Future-oriented LCA

Life Cycle Management

Ecodesign implementation and LCA

Environmental labels and declarations

Cradle to Cradle


hauschild:17 Introduction to Part III: Application of LCA in Practice, p.426

LCA application in technology domains

LCA application in technology domains

Introduction

Introduction

Literature review

Literature review

life cycle stages


LCA of energy systems

LCA of electromobility

LCA of buildings and the built environment

LCA of food and agriculture

LCA of biofuels and biomaterials

LCA of chemicals and chemical products

LCA of nanomaterials

LCA of drinking water supply

LCA of wastewater treatment

LCA of solid waste management systems

LCA of remediation of soil and groundwater


hauschild:17 Introduction to Part III: Application of LCA in Practice, p.427


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.429


Goal and Scope

Inventory and product system modelling

Impact Assessment

Interpretation

General issues


Sustainable Consumption and Production

10-Year Framework of Programmes on SCP

Sustainable Development Goals

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.430

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

European Union


LCA

LCA databases

LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA

LCA


Sustainable Development Goals

Paris Agreement

Sustainable Consumption and Production


Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Design for Sustainability

Sustainable Consumer Information

Life Cycle Thinking


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.431

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Life Cycle Perspective

Resource Efficiency

Sustainable Consumption and Production


Life Cycle Approach

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production Patterns


Resource Efficiency

Resource Efficiency

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Sustainable Consumption and Production

Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Consumption and Production


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.432

10YFP

10YFP

10YFP

10YFP


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.433

life cycle perspective


10YFP

Life Cycle Thinking

LCA

Hot spot methodology


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.434

Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production

Cleaner Production


National Cleaner Production Centres/Programmes

Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production programme

improve resource efficiency and environmental performance

Resource Efficiency and Cleaner Production methods


Cleaner Production

Resource Efficiency

Sustainable Transport

Eco-labelling and Certification

Sustainable Procurement

Sustainable Marketing

Sustainable Lifestyles

Waste Management

Design for Sustainability


Sustainable Materials Management

Sustainable Materials Management

environmental impacts along the life cycle of materials

green claims


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.435

Green Growth

Green Growth

Green Growth

Green Growth

Circular Economy


Circular Economy

Circular Economy

Circular Economy

Circular Economy

greenhouse gas emissions


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.436

Regional Council of Government Experts on SCP

LAC Forum of Ministers of the Environment

Fifteenth Meeting of the Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean

SCP policies, strategies and action plans

Sixteenth Meeting of the Forum


National Policies and Strategies

Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Sustainable Public Procurement

Sustainable Lifestyles

Declaration on Cleaner Production Principles

Mercosur Policy or Promotion and Cooperation on Sustainable Consumption and Production


Environmental claims

Environmental claims

Environmental claims

Environmental claims

Environmental claims

Environmental claims

Sustainable consumption and production

Sustainable consumption and production


African 10-Year Framework of Programmes on Sustainable Consumption and Production

African Ministerial Conference on Environment


National Cleaner Production Centres

African Roundtable on SCP


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.437

Mainstreaming

Energy

Water

Information-based instruments

Sustainable Public Procurement

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Thinking

environmental impacts of products throughout their life cycles


ISO 14040

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative


Life Cycle Initiative

Life Cycle Initiative

life cycle approaches

life cycle approaches

sustainable consumption and production patterns

life cycle based environmental standards


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.438

Life Cycle Management

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Social impacts along the life cycle


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.439

International Resource Panel

International Resource Panel

International Resource Panel


Phase 3

Phase 3

environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators

Phase 3

Phase 3

Phase 3

global capability development and implementation


Life Cycle Initiative

Life Cycle Initiative

Life Cycle Initiative

Phase 2

Phase 1


Global Guidance Principles for Life Cycle Assessment databases

Life Cycle Assessment databases

Life cycle data availability

advancing SCP through life cycle based tools and approaches


Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.440

Agricultural production

Livestock production systems

Environmental benchmarking


Global Bioenergy Partnership

Global Bioenergy Partnership

Global Bioenergy Partnership

sustainability indicators for bioenergy production and use


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.441

Toolkit on environmental sustainability for ICT companies

International Telecommunication Union


Priority products and materials: assessing the environmental impacts of consumption and production

Environmental Risks and Challenges of Anthropogenic Metals Flows and Cycles

Measuring Water Use in a Green Economy

Assessing biofuels: towards sustainable production and use of resources

International Resource Panel reports


Task Force on GHG Methodologies

Task Force on GHG Methodologies

GHG life cycle assessments

livestock supply chains

environmental benchmarking of livestock supply chains


Greenhouse gas emission factors

Feed production


Toolkit

Toolkit

sustainable ICT in corporate organizations

Toolkit

Toolkit

Toolkit

Toolkit

Toolkit


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

regulations on product use and waste management

Life Cycle Assessment

biofuels

RSB2-certification


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.442

Life Cycle Assessment

integrated approaches in environmental policy

Life Cycle Thinking


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Sustainable Consumption and Production Policy


Integrated Product Policy

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment

EU Eco-label Regulation

Life Cycle Thinking

waste policy

Integrated Product Policy


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.443

Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste

Life Cycle Thinking

Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources


decoupling economic growth from environmental impacts

Life Cycle Thinking

Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources

Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plan


Sustainable Consumption and Production

Eco-Management and Audit Scheme

Eco-Label Scheme

Environmental Technology Action Plan

Green Public Purchasing

Eco-design of Energy-using Products Directive

Resource Efficiency Flagship Initiative


Integrated Product Policy

Integrated Product Policy

Technology Assessment

Technology Assessment

Technology Assessment


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.444

Waste framework directive

Waste framework directive

Waste framework directive

Eco-design Directive

Eco-design Directive

EMAS III


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.445

Life Cycle Assessment

Bioeconomy

Environmental Footprint


Eco-label

Energy labelling directives

Resource efficiency flagship


Single Market for Green Products

Single Market for Green Products


REACh Regulation on Chemicals

Risk assessment and management of chemicals

REACh Regulation on Chemicals

Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable industrial policy Action Plan

Resource consumption across complete life cycle

Public procurement for a better environment

Environmental impact reduction throughout life cycle


Construction works

Building sector sustainability

Harmonized indicators


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

environmental impacts assessment framework

Life Cycle Thinking


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.446

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook

parent document for sector-specific guidance

Environmental Footprint for Products and Organizations


European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment

International Reference Life Cycle Data System

European Reference Life Cycle Database


European Commission Joint Research Centre

Life Cycle Assessment

European Platform on LCA

Product environmental footprint

Organization environmental footprint

Life cycle based indicators

Life Cycle Assessment

Resource efficiency criteria

Life Cycle Assessment


Product Environmental Footprint

Organization Environmental Footprint

Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules

Organization Environmental Footprint Sector Rules

Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.447

Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint

Building the Single Market for Green Products initiative


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.448

Energy Transition for Green Growth Act

Energy Transition for Green Growth Act

French Government

PEF/OEF Environmental Footprint pilot phase

food and beverage


Grenelle Environmental Labelling

Grenelle Environmental Labelling

Grenelle Environmental Labelling

food and beverage


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.449

Switzerland

Global Guidance Principles

Product Category Rules

Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators

gate-to-gate unit process data


Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle approaches


OpenLCA Project

OpenLCA Project

Life Cycle Thinking


LCA Digital Commons Project

LCA Digital Commons Project

LCA Digital Commons Project

University of Washington Design for Environment Laboratory

OpenLCA

Earthster


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.450

New Earth

American Centre for Life Cycle Assessment

Earthster


LCA data providers

LCA data providers

LCA data providers

environmental and social attributes

environmental and social attributes


Switzerland Federal Office for the Environment

ecoinvent

Centre for Life Cycle Inventories

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich

Centre for Life Cycle Inventories

Centre for Life Cycle Inventories

Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research

Centre for Life Cycle Inventories

Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon


US Life Cycle Inventory Database

US Life Cycle Inventory Database

US Life Cycle Inventory Database

US Life Cycle Inventory Database

US Life Cycle Inventory Database

ecoinvent Database

GaBi Databases

ELCD Core Database

Joint Research Centre of the European Commission


LCA-based policies

LCA-based policies

LCA

LCA tools

LCA tools


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.451

Mexican Life Cycle Inventory

Mexican Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Assessment

impact assessment of whole life cycle


Carbon Footprint Program

Supply Chain GHG Emission Accounting

Life Cycle Assessment

Visualized Information on Environmental Impacts in Product Life Cycle

environmental impact categories

comparative assertion

LCA databases


EcoLeaf programme

Supply Chain GHG Emission Accounting

LCA


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.452

Eco-design of Industrial Products Guidance

Chinese Life Cycle Database

UNEP/SETAC Global Guidance Principles for LCA Database


Voluntary Green Building Rating

Life Cycle Assessment

regional and international data harmonization

Life Cycle Assessment

Technology assessment and implementation for energy conservation and emission reduction

Eco-design of products

circular economy


Product Category Rules

AusLCI

UNEP-SETAC Global Guidance Principles on LCA Databases

AusLCI

AusLCI

AusLCI

Unit process

System processes

BPIC database


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.453

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Brazilian Life Cycle Assessment Programme

National Solid Waste Policy

National Solid Waste Policy

Brazilian Eco-label Type 1 Scheme

LCA Agri-Food Asia Network


Thai National Science and Technology Development Agency

Thai Green Label

Green procurement

Biofuels

Life Cycle Inventory

Life Cycle Costing

Thai Green Public Procurement Plan Phase 1

Thai Green Public Procurement Plan Phase 2


GHG inventory

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Inventory

National LCA Programme


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.454

Mineral Resources Development Act of 2002

planning for mine closure

national waste management strategy


Brazilian government

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

LCA

LCA courses

international guidelines


Life Cycle Inventories

private/industrial sectors

Brazilian primary data LCI database

Life Cycle Thinking

policymakers


ecoinvent project

National Cleaner Production Centre

life cycle thinking

SCP action plan


waste hierarchy

biofuels industrial strategy

fuel ethanol plant

national environmental management act

ecoinvent project


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.455

National Public Procurement Policy

Sustainable Consumption and Production

10-Year Framework of Programmes on SCP

10-Year Framework of Programmes on SCP


ISO

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment


LCA

LCA

Environmental standards and regulations

impact on market access of developing countries

ISO


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.456

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

Life Cycle Impact Assessment

LCI data

LCI data

Impact category

LCA results

LCIA method development


LCA

LCA comparability

LCA flexibility

LCA flexibility


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.457

LCA databases

LCA datasets

national LCA databases

regionalized life cycle impact assessment methods

life cycle management


Global Network of interoperable LCA Databases

International Forum on LCA Cooperation International


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Thinking

Sustainable Consumption and Production Policies


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment


Impact Assessment

LCA

Data Availability

Data Robustness

Data Representativeness

Knowledge Mining

Study Comparability


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.458


Integrated Product Policy

Thematic Strategy on the Prevention and Recycling of Waste

Thematic Strategy on the Sustainable Use of Natural Resources

Sustainable Consumption and Production and Sustainable Industrial Policy Action Plan


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.459


EMAS

EU Ecolabel

Life Cycle Thinking and Assessment


Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Construction and Demolition Waste Management

Life Cycle Indicators Framework


Life Cycle Thinking

Life Cycle Assessment

International Reference Life Cycle Data System


Life Cycle Thinking

LCA


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.460

ISO 14040

ISO 14040


Commission recommendation 2013/179/EU

Commission recommendation 2013/179/EU

Commission recommendation 2013/179/EU

Environmental Footprint Methodologies

Environmental Footprint Methodologies

sustainable materials management


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.461


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Thinking

Global Guidance Principles for Life Cycle Assessment Databases

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.462


resource impact assessment modelling

resource criticality assessment

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment

Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment

integrated impact assessment

sustainability assessment

European Union Environmental Footprint


European Union Environmental Footprint

Environmental Footprint

Life Cycle Thinking

ILCD Handbook

ILCD Handbook


hauschild:18 Life Cycle Thinking and the Use of LCA in Policies Around the World, p.463


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.465

Global Value Chains

UNEP-SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

Capacity building for LCA


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.466


LCA methodology

LCA

LCA

LCA

greenhouse effect

climate gas emissions

mass production and consumption


World Input-Output Database

World Input-Output Database

product level analysis

supplier distribution in global value chain

product level analysis


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.467

food traceability systems

data collection from farmers


Life Cycle Assessment

Global Value Chains

Life Cycle Assessment

pangasius farming

frozen fillet processing


feed ingredient production, transport and milling

pond effluents in grow-out farming

stakeholder-based screening life cycle assessment


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.468

Palm oil production

Crude palm oil production

local data

generic data

data collection on-site


Palm oil production

LCA

Palm oil

LCA

comparison of environmental impacts between vegetable oils


Use Phase

End of Life Phase

Final Disposal

Open Fire Disposal

Open Fire Disposal

Recycled Computers


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.469

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

Sustainable Consumption and Production framework programme

World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative


Pangasius Farming

Fish Feed

Fish Feed

Fish Feed

Fish Feed

Pangasius Farming

Pangasius Farming

Pangasius Farming

Pangasius Farming

Pangasius Farming

Pangasius Farming

Pangasius Processing

Pangasius Production


Life Cycle Initiative

sugar production

newsprint paper production

biodiversity impact assessment


European databases

generic databases

palm oil

climate conditions

natural resources characteristics


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.470

Global capability development

Life Cycle Thinking

Life cycle management

Life cycle based footprinting indicators

Eco-design


UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

Environmental life cycle impact assessment indicators

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

Global Principles and Practices for Hotspot Analysis

UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative

Third phase 2012-2016

Seventh International Conference on EcoBalance

LCI Database development

LCIA methodology development


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.471

LCA networks

global value chains

LCA-based documentation of environmental performance

sustainable consumption and production action plans


Life Cycle Assessment

Life Cycle Assessment

LCA capacity constraints

LCA capacity constraints


National Life Cycle Inventory Database

National Initiative to Develop the Lifecycle Inventory Database for the Development of Eco-Friendly Products and Services

National Life Cycle Inventory Database

Policy development

Promotion of LCA applications

Capacity development


National Life Cycle Inventory Database

National Eco-labelling Programme

environmental standards in international trade

life cycle inventory

eco-labelling criteria documents


hauschild:19 Globalisation and Mainstreaming of LCA, p.472

Plastic manufacturers

LCA thinking

Plastic bag product chain

Business Council for Sustainable Development— Malaysia

Cleaner production

Environmental Management and Research Association of Malaysia

Green technologies

Green technologies