FUNCTION: Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 2- phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (By similarity). In addition to glycolysis, involved in various processes such as parasite development and invasion (PubMed:21949403, PubMed:24474798). Plays an essential role during ookinete invasion of the mosquito vector midgut by mediating the interaction of the ookinete with the midgut epithelium and, further, by binding to mammalian host plasminogen in the blood meal, whose conversion to active plasmin promotes the invasion process (PubMed:21949403, PubMed:24474798). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell surface Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Vacuole Note=Partially localizes to the nucleus in rings and trophozoites. Localization to the nucleus and food vacuole is higher in early and mid-stage trophozoites compared to the late- stage trophozoites and schizonts (By similarity). In the nucleus, localizes to heterochromatin region (By similarity). In rings, nuclear localization is dependent on the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity). Localizes to the cell surface of merozoites (By similarity). In gametocytes, predominantly localizes to the actin cytoskeleton (By similarity). In the trophozoite food vacuole, colocalizes with hemozoin, a product of heme detoxification (By similarity). In sporozoites, localizes to punctate structures beneath the cell membrane (By similarity). Localizes to the cell surface of ookinetes, especially on the apical pellicle complex that is involved in invasion (PubMed:21949403, PubMed:24474798). When phosphorylated at Thr-339, localizes to the cytoskeleton (By similarity). When phosphorylated at Ser-42, localizes to the cytoplasm (By similarity). When ubiquitinated at Lys-138, acetylated at Lys-133 and Lys-375 and phosphorylated at Tyr-139, localizes to the food vacuole (By similarity). When triubiquitinated at Lys-138, appears to colocalize with hemozoin in the food vacuole (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the enolase family.


FUNCTION: Reduces potassium currents through Kv1.2/KCNA2 and Kv1.3/KCNA3 voltage-gated potassium channels. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 20 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the TCR-CD3 complex present on T-lymphocyte cell surface that plays an essential role in adaptive immune response. When antigen presenting cells (APCs) activate T-cell receptor (TCR), TCR- mediated signals are transmitted across the cell membrane by the CD3 chains CD3D, CD3E, CD3G and CD3Z. All CD3 chains contain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in their cytoplasmic domain. Upon TCR engagement, these motifs become phosphorylated by Src family protein tyrosine kinases LCK and FYN, resulting in the activation of downstream signaling pathways. In addition of this role of signal transduction in T-cell activation, CD3E plays an essential role in correct T-cell development (PubMed:19956738, PubMed:24899501). Participates also in internalization and cell surface down-regulation of TCR-CD3 complexes via endocytosis sequences present in CD3E cytosolic region. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Deubiquitinase that plays a key regulatory role in the spindle assembly checkpoint or mitotic checkpoint by preventing premature anaphase onset. Acts by specifically mediating deubiquitination of CDC20, a negative regulator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Deubiquitination of CDC20 leads to stabilize the MAD2L1-CDC20-APC/C ternary complex (also named mitotic checkpoint complex), thereby preventing premature activation of the APC/C. Promotes association of MAD2L1 with CDC20 and reinforces the spindle assembly checkpoint. Promotes also the deubiquitination of histone H2A and H2B. Recruited to RNF8/RNF168-ubiquitinated chromatin surrounding double stranded breaks (DSBs), promotes hydrolysis of such ubiquitin conjugates, thus negatively regulating protein recruitment to damaged chromatin (By similarity). Participates in nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway by deubiquitinating DDB2 to prevent its premature degradation so it can remain on damaged chromatin (By similarity). Promotes FOXP3 stabilization through 'Lys-48'-linked deubiquitination leading to increased stability and increased regulatory T-cell lineage stability. Plays also a positive role in innate immune response to DNA viruses by deubiquitinating STING1, selectively removing its 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitin chains and stabilizing it (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Peaks in interphase, with relatively low levels maintained throughout mitosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP44 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Affects the rate of fibrils formation. May have a primary role in collagen fibrillogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins. Seems to negatively regulate the level of HIF1A expression, although this effect could be indirect (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NARF family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the AMP portion of ATP to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to produce flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) coenzyme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal FAD synthase family.


FUNCTION: Encapsidates the genome, protecting it from nucleases. If expressed without protein P it binds non-specifically RNA and therefore can bind it's own mRNA. Interaction with protein P abolishes any non- specific RNA binding, and prevents phosphorylation. The soluble N-P complex encapsidates specifically the genomic RNA, with protein N protecting the genome like a pearl necklace. The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the nucleocapsid (NC) and serves as template for viral transcription and replication. Protein N binds protein P in the NC through a different interaction, and can be phosphorylated. Subsequent viral replication is dependent on intracellular concentration of newly synthesized protein N. During replication, encapsidation by protein N is coupled to RNA synthesis and all replicative products are resistant to nucleases (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleorhabdovirus nucleocapsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Selectively promotes the survival of dopaminergic neurons of the ventral mid-brain. Modulates GABAergic transmission to the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra. Enhances spontaneous, as well as evoked, GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic currents in dopaminergic neurons. Inhibits cell proliferation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced cell death. Retained in the ER/sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through association with the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein HSPA5 under normal conditions. Up-regulated and secreted by the ER/SR in response to ER stress and hypoxia. Following secretion by the ER/SR, directly binds to 3-O- sulfogalactosylceramide, a lipid sulfatide in the outer cell membrane of target cells. Sulfatide binding promotes its cellular uptake by endocytosis, and is required for its role in alleviating ER stress and cell toxicity under hypoxic and ER stress conditions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Endoplasmic reticulum lumen Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen Note=Retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) under normal conditions. Up-regulated and secreted by the ER/SR in response to ER stress and hypoxia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARMET family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nitroreductase family. HadB/RutE subfamily.


FUNCTION: Proteasome-associated deubiquitinase which releases ubiquitin from the proteasome targeted ubiquitinated proteins (PubMed:16190881). Ensures the regeneration of ubiquitin at the proteasome. Is a reversibly associated subunit of the proteasome and a large fraction of proteasome-free protein exists within the cell. Required for the degradation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 which is critical for CXCL12-induced cell chemotaxis. Serves also as a physiological inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) under the non-stressed condition by inhibiting the degradation of unfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins via interaction with ERN1 (By similarity). Indispensable for synaptic development and function at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) (PubMed:19726649). Plays a role in the innate immune defense against viruses by stabilizing the viral DNA sensor CGAS and thus inhibiting its autophagic degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP14/UBP6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter DppABCDF involved in dipeptide transport (PubMed:11409543). Binds di- and tripeptides with high affinity. Requires a free N-terminal alpha-amino group and an alpha- peptide bound contiguous with the N-terminal amino group, has a strong selectivity for L-residues, and shows preference for dipeptides containing methionine or arginine, followed by hydrophobic tripeptides consisting of leucine or valine residues (PubMed:10769143). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family.


FUNCTION: NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, which could function in telomeric silencing, cell cycle progression and chromosome stability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class I subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the saccharopine dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Glycosyltransferase required for the synthesis of succinoglycan (EPS I). Needed for the addition of the sixth sugar (glucose), catalyzes the formation of a beta-1,6 linkage between the fifth and sixth sugar. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.


FUNCTION: Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. Specifically demethylates 'Lys- 4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code (By similarity). Mediates response to multiple stress stimuli, including heat shock and osmotic, oxidative, and ethanol stress. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ROX family. NO66 subfamily.


FUNCTION: E2 conjugating enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Responsible for the E2-like covalent binding of phosphatidylethanolamine to the C- terminal Gly of ATG8. The ATG12-ATG5 conjugate plays a role of an E3 and promotes the transfer of ATG8 from ATG3 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). This step is required for the membrane association of ATG8. The formation of the ATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine conjugate is essential for autophagy and for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt). The ATG8-PE conjugate mediates tethering between adjacent membranes and stimulates membrane hemifusion, leading to expansion of the autophagosomal membrane during autophagy (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG3 family.


FUNCTION: A protein probably derived from this gene is found in cuboidal crystalline inclusions, but is not toxic even when coexpressed with upstream ORF1. The protein runs anomalously as a 50 kDa band in gels.


FUNCTION: Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development (By similarity). PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility (By similarity). Binds to histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-9' (H3K9me3) or at 'Lys-27' (H3K27me3) (PubMed:16537902). Plays a role in the lineage differentiation of the germ layers in embryonic development (PubMed:22226355). Involved in sexual development, acting as activator of NR5A1 expression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Chromosome Note=Localizes to the inactivated X chromosome in females.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0403 family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal progression of S-phase. Important for cell survival after DNA damage or replication stress (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CSM3 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5- hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preference for mismatched double-stranded DNA (DNA bubbles). Has low or no DNA glycosylase activity towards thymine glycol, 2-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FPG family.


FUNCTION: F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments. May play a role in the formation of epithelial cell junctions (By similarity). Forms, with CAPZB, the barbed end of the fast growing ends of actin filaments in the dynactin complex and stabilizes dynactin structure. The dynactin multiprotein complex activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class I molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins while class II derived from extracellular proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class I proteins presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kinase LCK to the vicinity of the TCR-CD3 complex. A palmitoylation site in the cytoplasmic tail of CD8B chain contributes to partitioning of CD8 into the plasma membrane lipid rafts where signaling proteins are enriched. Once LCK recruited, it initiates different intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating various substrates ultimately leading to lymphokine production, motility, adhesion and activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Additionally, plays a critical role in thymic selection of CD8+ T- cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single- pass type I membrane protein. Note=Requires the partner CD8A for efficient cell surface expression. The heterodimer CD8A/CD8B localizes to lipid rafts due to CD8B cytoplasmic tail palmitoylation.


FUNCTION: Seems to be the binding site for several of the factors involved in protein synthesis and appears to be essential for accurate translation. FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors. Is thus essential for accurate translation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of N-carbamoylputrescine to form carbamoyl phosphate and putrescine. Is involved in the degradation pathway of the polyamine agmatine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. PTCase family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase e subunit family.


FUNCTION: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be a menaquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 30 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in mRNA turnover, and more specifically in mRNA decapping. Is involved in G1/S DNA-damage checkpoint recovery, probably through the regulation of the translational status of a subset of mRNAs. May also have a role in translation and mRNA nuclear export (By similarity). Blocks autophagy in nutrient-rich conditions by, at least partly, binding and repressing the expression of a set of ATG genes, including ATG3, ATG7, ATG8, ATG19, ATG20 and ATG22 (PubMed:26098573). VAD1-mediated repression of autophagy is regulated by TOR-dependent phosphorylation of the decapping enzyme DCP2 (PubMed:26098573). Regulates multiple virulence- associated genes (PubMed:15765146). Repression of autophagy by VAD1 also regulates the pathogenesis (PubMed:26098573). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, P-body Note=Is concentrated in several cytoplasmic foci called P bodies (or cytoplasmic processing bodies) which represent sites of mRNA decapping and 5' to 3' exonucleotidic decay. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX6/DHH1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein that plays a role in calcium-mediated intracellular processes. Exhibits calcium- dependent cell membrane binding properties. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell membrane Note=Translocates to the cell membrane and the nucleus in a calcium-dependent manner. Colocalizes with CD2 at the cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the copine family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in cell-cell interactions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization of 5-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1- phosphate to 5-deoxy-D-ribulose 1-phosphate, as part of a 5-deoxyribose salvage pathway that recycles this toxic radical SAM enzyme by-product to mainstream metabolites. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. DrdI subfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulator of plant defense response. May contribute to MPK4- regulated defense activation by coupling the kinase to specific WRKY transcription factors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent 2'-O-ribose methyltransferase that catalyzes the formation of 2'-O-methyluridine at position 808 (Um808) in the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA (mtLSU rRNA), a universally conserved modification in the peptidyl transferase domain of the mtLSU rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase RlmE family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to microtubules (PubMed:29167353). Microtubule-destabilizing protein involved in the PIF3-dependent positive regulation of hypocotyl cell elongation via the modulation of cortical microtubules dynamic in response to light and ethylene signaling (PubMed:29167353, PubMed:31638649). Promotes submergence- induced and ethylene-dependent underwater hypocotyl elongation (PubMed:31638649). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=Associated with microtubules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPX2 family.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 4 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaL family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in transcription or may interact with other nuclear matrix proteins to form the internal fibrogranular network. In association with the SFPQ-NONO heteromer may play a role in nuclear retention of defective RNAs. Plays a role in the regulation of DNA virus-mediated innate immune response by assembling into the HDP-RNP complex, a complex that serves as a platform for IRF3 phosphorylation and subsequent innate immune response activation through the cGAS-STING pathway. Binds to N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-containing mRNAs and contributes to MYC stability by binding to m6A-containing MYC mRNAs. May bind to specific miRNA hairpins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus matrix.


FUNCTION: Involved in the fermentation of nicotinate to ammonia, propionate, acetate and carbon dioxide.


FUNCTION: Specifically recognizes and binds N6-methyladenosine (m6A)- containing RNAs, and regulates their stability (PubMed:32905781, PubMed:32943573). M6A is a modification present at internal sites of mRNAs and some non-coding RNAs and plays a role in mRNA stability and processing (PubMed:32943573). Acts as a regulator of mRNA stability by promoting degradation of m6A-containing mRNAs via interaction with the CCR4-NOT complex or PAN3 (PubMed:32943573, PubMed:32905781). The YTHDF paralogs (YTHDF1, YTHDF2 and YTHDF3) share m6A-containing mRNAs targets and act redundantly to mediate mRNA degradation and cellular differentiation (PubMed:32943573). Acts as a negative regulator of type I interferon response by down-regulating interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression: acts by binding to FOXO3 mRNAs (PubMed:30591559). Binds to FOXO3 mRNAs independently of METTL3-mediated m6A modification (PubMed:30591559). Can also act as a regulator of mRNA stability in cooperation with YTHDF2 by binding to m6A-containing mRNA and promoting their degradation (By similarity). Recognizes and binds m6A-containing circular RNAs (circRNAs); circRNAs are generated through back-splicing of pre-mRNAs, a non-canonical splicing process promoted by dsRNA structures across circularizing exons (By similarity). Promotes formation of phase-separated membraneless compartments, such as P- bodies or stress granules, by undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation upon binding to mRNAs containing multiple m6A-modified residues: polymethylated mRNAs act as a multivalent scaffold for the binding of YTHDF proteins, juxtaposing their disordered regions and thereby leading to phase separation (By similarity). The resulting mRNA-YTHDF complexes then partition into different endogenous phase-separated membraneless compartments, such as P-bodies, stress granules or neuronal RNA granules (By similarity). May also recognize and bind N1- methyladenosine (m1A)-containing mRNAs: inhibits trophoblast invasion by binding to m1A-methylated transcripts of IGF1R, promoting their degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cytoplasm, P-body Cytoplasm, Stress granule. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YTHDF family. YTHDF3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulates clathrin-mediated receptor endocytosis (By similarity). Plays a role in the process of neurogenesis. Required throughout embryonic neurogenesis to maintain neural progenitor cells, also called radial glial cells (RGCs), by allowing their daughter cells to choose progenitor over neuronal cell fate. Not required for the proliferation of neural progenitor cells before the onset of neurogenesis. Also involved postnatally in the subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis by regulating SVZ neuroblasts survival and ependymal wall integrity. May also mediate local repair of brain ventricular wall damage (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Localizes to perinuclear endosomes in an AAK1-dependent manner.


FUNCTION: Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme protein that negatively regulates ODC activity and intracellular polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in response to increased intracellular polyamine levels. Binds to ODC monomers, inhibiting the assembly of the functional ODC homodimer, and targets the monomers for ubiquitin- independent proteolytic destruction by the 26S proteasome (PubMed:16916800, PubMed:18508777). Triggers ODC degradation by inducing the exposure of a cryptic proteasome-interacting surface of ODC (By similarity). Stabilizes AZIN2 by interfering with its ubiquitination (PubMed:18062773). Also inhibits cellular uptake of polyamines by inactivating the polyamine uptake transporter. SMAD1/OAZ1/PSMB4 complex mediates the degradation of the CREBBP/EP300 repressor SNIP1. Involved in the translocation of AZIN2 from ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the cytosol (PubMed:19449338). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ODC antizyme family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG192 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plasmid mobilization pre family.


FUNCTION: Component of the endoplasmic reticulum quality control (ERQC) system involved in ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins. Component of the HRD1 ubiquitin ligase complex, which is part of the ERAD-L and ERAD-M pathways responsible for the rapid degradation of soluble lumenal and membrane proteins with misfolded lumenal domains (ERAD-L), or ER-membrane proteins with misfolded transmembrane domains (ERAD-M). ERAD-L substrates are ubiquitinated through HRD1 in conjunction with the E2 ubiquitin- conjugating enzymes UBC1 and UBC7-CUE1. Ubiquitinated substrates are then removed to the cytosol via the action of the CDC48-NPL4-UFD1 ATPase complex and targeted to the proteasome. ERAD-M substrates are processed by the same HRD1-HRD3 core complex, but only a subset of the other components is required for ERAD-M. Stabilizes the HRD1 ubiquitin- protein ligase. Also functions in recruiting misfolded protein substrates in conjunction with YOS9. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sel-1 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in viral genome replication by driving entry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle. Stimulation of progression from G1 to S phase allows the virus to efficiently use the cellular DNA replicating machinery to achieve viral genome replication. E1A protein has both transforming and trans-activating activities. Induces the disassembly of the E2F1 transcription factor from RB1 by direct competition for the same binding site on RB1, with subsequent transcriptional activation of E2F1-regulated S-phase genes and of the E2 region of the adenoviral genome. Release of E2F1 leads to the ARF- mediated inhibition of MDM2 and causes TP53/p53 to accumulate because it is not targeted for degradation by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination anymore. This increase in TP53, in turn, would arrest the cell proliferation and direct its death but this effect is counteracted by the viral protein E1B-55K. Inactivation of the ability of RB1 to arrest the cell cycle is critical for cellular transformation, uncontrolled cellular growth and proliferation induced by viral infection. Interaction with RBX1 and CUL1 inhibits ubiquitination of the proteins targeted by SCF(FBXW7) ubiquitin ligase complex, and may be linked to unregulated host cell proliferation. The tumorigenesis-restraining activity of E1A may be related to the disruption of the host CtBP-CtIP complex through the CtBP binding motif. Interaction with host TMEM173/STING impairs the ability of TMEM173/STING to sense cytosolic DNA and promote the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN- beta). Promotes the sumoylation of host ZBED1/hDREF with SUMO1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae E1A protein family.


FUNCTION: Single-stranded DNA-binding protein required for meiosis. May be involved in the resolution of recombination intermediates into crossovers in the meiotic recombination pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MEIOB family.


FUNCTION: Needed for both DNA binding and transport. It is absolutely required for the uptake of transforming DNA but not for binding. Its role in binding may be indirect. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Note=Localizes in a nonuniform, punctate manner in competent cells, unlike some other competence proteins is not localized to the cell poles (PubMed:16009133).


FUNCTION: The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab may play a role in protein transport from recycling endosomes to lysosomes regulating, for instance, the degradation of the transferrin receptor. Involved in autophagy (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Recycling endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Lysosome membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Golgi apparatus membrane Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in fat metabolism. It preferentially splits the esters of long-chain fatty acids at positions 1 and 3, producing mainly 2-monoacylglycerol and free fatty acids, and shows considerably higher activity against insoluble emulsified substrates than against soluble ones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Electrogenic proton/amino acid symporter with a high selectivity for the small side chains amino acids glycine, alanine and proline, where both L- and D-enantiomers are transported. Extension of the backbone length, as in beta-alanine and 4-aminobutanoate or methylation of the amino group, as in sarcosine and N,N- dimethylglycine, are also tolerated but decrease transport efficiency. A free carboxyl group is preferred. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Recycling endosome membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Acts as an activator of phospholipase C (By similarity). Transduces FFAR4 signaling in response to long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) (By similarity). Together with GNAQ, required for heart development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Regulator of Ras expression. May play a role in tumor suppression. Plays a role in the aortic wall architecture (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Secreted, extracellular space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lysyl oxidase family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme. Involved in de novo dTMP biosynthesis. Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, DNA precursor synthesis, and for the conversion of dUMP to dTMP. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dihydrofolate reductase family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the thymidylate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Required for a novel path of interorganelle communication between mitochondria, peroxisomes and the nucleus, thereby maintaining a functional metabolic interaction between the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles. Transcription factor that regulates CIT2 gene expression. Binds to two identical sites oriented as inverted repeats 28 bp apart in a regulatory upstream activation sequence element (UASR) in the CIT2 promoter. The core binding site is 5'-GGTCAC-3'. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the stereoinversion of LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate (L,L-DAP) to meso-diaminoheptanedioate (meso-DAP), a precursor of L- lysine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the diaminopimelate epimerase family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in apoptosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Bcl-2 family.


FUNCTION: C-24(28) sterol reductase; part of the third module of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that includes the late steps of the pathway (PubMed:8125337, PubMed:10722850, PubMed:12882006). ERG4 Catalyzes the last step of ergosterol biosynthesis by converting ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol into ergosterol (PubMed:10722850, PubMed:12882006). The third module or late pathway involves the ergosterol synthesis itself through consecutive reactions that mainly occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Firstly, the squalene synthase ERG9 catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to form squalene, which is the precursor of all steroids. Squalene synthase is crucial for balancing the incorporation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into sterol and nonsterol isoprene synthesis. Secondly, the squalene epoxidase ERG1 catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)-2,3-epoxysqualene, which is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Then, the lanosterol synthase ERG7 catalyzes the cyclization of (S)-2,3 oxidosqualene to lanosterol, a reaction that forms the sterol core. In the next steps, lanosterol is transformed to zymosterol through a complex process involving various demethylation, reduction and desaturation reactions. The lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase ERG11 (also known as CYP51) catalyzes C14-demethylation of lanosterol to produce 4,4'-dimethyl cholesta-8,14,24-triene-3-beta-ol, which is critical for ergosterol biosynthesis. The C-14 reductase ERG24 reduces the C14=C15 double bond of 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,14,24-trienol to produce 4,4- dimethyl-cholesta-8,24-dienol. 4,4-dimethyl-cholesta-8,24-dienol is substrate of the C-4 demethylation complex ERG25-ERG26-ERG27 in which ERG25 catalyzes the three-step monooxygenation required for the demethylation of 4,4-dimethyl and 4alpha-methylsterols, ERG26 catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation that results in a reduction of the 3- beta-hydroxy group at the C-3 carbon to an oxo group, and ERG27 is responsible for the reduction of the keto group on the C-3. ERG28 has a role as a scaffold to help anchor ERG25, ERG26 and ERG27 to the endoplasmic reticulum and ERG29 regulates the activity of the iron- containing C4-methylsterol oxidase ERG25. Then, the sterol 24-C- methyltransferase ERG6 catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl- methionine to the C-24 of zymosterol to form fecosterol. The C-8 sterol isomerase ERG2 catalyzes the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols and thus converts fecosterol to episterol. The sterol-C5-desaturase ERG3 then catalyzes the introduction of a C-5 double bond in the B ring to produce 5-dehydroepisterol. The C-22 sterol desaturase ERG5 further converts 5-dehydroepisterol into ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol by forming the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. Finally, ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen- 3beta-ol is substrate of the C-24(28) sterol reductase ERG4 to produce ergosterol (PubMed:32679672). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ERG4/ERG24 family.


FUNCTION: This enzyme is specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a negative regulator of mTOR activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TNFAIP8 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein ubiquitination, but has no ubiquitin ligase activity on its own (PubMed:15530417). The uev-1-ubc-13 heterodimer catalyzes the synthesis of non-canonical poly-ubiquitin chains that are linked through Lys-63 (PubMed:15530417, PubMed:24595290). Involved in sorting Lys-63-linked polyubiquitinated maternal membrane proteins for degradation by targeting to multivesicular bodies (PubMed:24595290). Required for glr-1-containing glutamate receptor trafficking in neurons (PubMed:21179194). May have a role in synaptic transmission at motorneurons (PubMed:21179194). May be involved in the ubiquitination and growth of intracellular polyglutamine protein aggregates (PubMed:17663792, PubMed:22494772). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus Cell projection, dendrite Perikaryon. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Binds to MCB elements (Mlu I cell cycle box) found in the promoter of most DNA synthesis genes. Transcriptional activation by MBF has an important role in the transition from G1 to S phase. It may have a dual role in that it behaves as an activator of transcription at the G1-S boundary and as a repressor during other stages of the cell cycle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Non-apoptotic caspase involved in epidermal differentiation. Is the predominant caspase in epidermal stratum corneum (PubMed:15556625). Seems to play a role in keratinocyte differentiation and is required for cornification. Regulates maturation of the epidermis by proteolytically processing filaggrin (By similarity). In vitro has a preference for the substrate [WY]-X-X-D motif and is active on the synthetic caspase substrate WEHD-ACF (PubMed:16854378, PubMed:19960512). Involved in processing of prosaposin in the epidermis (By similarity). May be involved in retinal pigment epithelium cell barrier function (PubMed:25121097). Involved in DNA degradation in differentiated keratinocytes probably by cleaving DFFA/ICAD leading to liberation of DFFB/CAD (PubMed:24743736). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C14A family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the intracellular degradation of the cyclic tetrasaccharide cyclobis-(1-6)-alpha-nigerosyl (CNN) formed extracellularly from starch. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-1,6- glucosidic linkage from the non-reducing end of isomaltose to yield beta-D-glucose and D-glucose. Can also act on panose and isomaltotriose at a lower rate. It displays low or no activity toward CNN and the general GH15 enzyme substrates such as maltose, soluble starch or dextran. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 15 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the sensitivity of the virus to the host AbiV system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the skunalikevirus SaV protein family.


FUNCTION: Ergosteryl beta-glucosidase involved in the ergosteryl beta- glucoside (EG) catabolic pathway and vacuole formation via hydrolysis of EG to generate glucose (PubMed:26116408). Is also able to hydrolyze cholesteryl beta-glucoside and sitosteryl beta-glucoside to generate glucose; and C6-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD)-GlcCer to generate C6-NBD-ceramide (Cer) (PubMed:26116408). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Vacuole membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Localizes in the cytosol until the initial logarithmic phase, then targets to a yet unidentified organelle with a granule structure in the middle logarithmic phase, and finally localizes at the vacuole membranes in the stationary phase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.


FUNCTION: Iron-sulfur subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex, an essential component of the respiratory electron transport chain required for ATP synthesis. The bc1 complex catalyzes the oxidation of menaquinol and the reduction of cytochrome c in the respiratory chain. The bc1 complex operates through a Q-cycle mechanism that couples electron transfer to generation of the proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.


FUNCTION: S-bacillithiolation is the formation of mixed disulfide bonds between protein thiols and the general thiol reductant bacillithiol (BSH) under oxidative stress. BSH is an equivalent of glutathione (GSH) in Firmicutes. This protein is a NADPH-dependent bacilliredoxin reductase, which debacillithiolates (removes BSH) the S- bacillithiolated BrxB (BrxB-SSB), and to a lesser extent BrxC (BrxC- SSB). Involved in a redox cascade increasing the efficacy of BrxB function by reducing BrxB-SSB and thus reactivating it. Has NADPH- dependent oxidase activity under aerobic conditions producing hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)).


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0699 family.


FUNCTION: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in activation of vitamin D precursors. Catalyzes hydroxylation at C-25 of both forms of vitamin D, vitamin D(2) and D(3) (calciol) (PubMed:12867411, PubMed:15465040, PubMed:18511070). Can metabolize vitamin D analogs/prodrugs 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(2) (doxercalciferol) and 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (alfacalcidol) forming 25-hydroxy derivatives (PubMed:15465040, PubMed:18511070). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase) (PubMed:12867411, PubMed:15465040, PubMed:18511070). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. FUNCTION: Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit (PubMed:36517592). The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (PubMed:36517592). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Localized in the granular component (GC) region of the nucleolus. Methylation is required for its localization in the GC region. Colocalizes with NPS1 in the GC region of the nucleolus (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Localized in the granular component (GC) region of the nucleolus. Methylation is required for its localization in the GC region. Colocalizes with NPS1 in the GC region of the nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.


FUNCTION: Binds specifically to the voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) and delays its inactivation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Nematocyst. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sea anemone sodium channel inhibitory toxin family. Type II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Seems to be required for maximal rate of protein biosynthesis. Enhances ribosome dissociation into subunits and stabilizes the binding of the initiator Met-tRNA(I) to 40 S ribosomal subunits. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-1A family.


FUNCTION: May be a membrane transporter required for proton motive force (PMF)-dependent drug efflux. Required, with YqjA, for the proper export of certain periplasmic amidases and, possibly, other Tat substrates. May play a role in determining membrane lipid composition. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DedA family.


FUNCTION: Involved in apoptosis. May have a role in rRNA processing and mRNA splicing. Associates with pre-rRNA precursors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Localizes in the nucleolar-organizing region during ribosome biogenesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX47/RRP3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein implicated in the regulation of several post-transcriptional events. May be involved in mRNA translation repression and stability. Mediates exon inclusion in TNNT2 pre-mRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in a CRM1-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CELF/BRUNOL family.


FUNCTION: ATPase component of the type IV pilus (T4P) that plays a role in surface and host cell adhesion, colonization, biofilm maturation, virulence, and twitching, a form of surface-associated motility facilitated by cycles of extension, adhesion, and retraction of T4P fibers (PubMed:10377148, PubMed:15629932, PubMed:18174131). Acts as a molecular motor to provide the energy that is required for T4P retraction while antagonist PilB ATPase activity is required for T4P extension (PubMed:26809217). Promotes also PilU retractation activity through direct interaction (PubMed:31626631). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to cell poles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GSP E family.


FUNCTION: Odorant receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates. The odorant receptor repertoire encodes a large collection of odor stimuli that vary widely in identity, intensity, and duration. May form a complex with Orco to form odorant-sensing units, providing sensitive and prolonged odorant signaling and calcium permeability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Heteromeric odorant receptor channel (TC 1.A.69) family. Or2a subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Promotes maturation of the iron-sulfur protein subunit SDH2 of the SDH catalytic dimer, protecting it from the deleterious effects of oxidants. Acts together with SDHAF1 (SDH6). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Mitochondrion intermembrane space Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Immediate early (EI) protein that plays many roles during productive infection including regulation of viral gene expression and nuclear export of intronless viral RNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion tegument Virion Host nucleus. Host cytoplasm. Note=Shuttles between host nucleus and cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HHV-1 ICP27 protein family.


FUNCTION: Disrupts the host mitochondrial membrane potential and induces apoptosis probably by inducing host CASP8 and CASP9.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM104 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits the Wnt/Wingless pathway by binding to CTNNB1/beta- catenin and inhibiting beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation through competition with TCF/LEF transcription factors. Has also been shown to play a role in regulating the intracellular trafficking of polycystin-2/PKD2 and possibly of other intracellular proteins. Promotes adipocyte and cardiomyocyte differentiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chibby family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that is essential for the generation of the circadian clock oscillation. Binds to specific sites on CCA1 promoter leading to CCA1 activation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Nucleoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NEMP family.


FUNCTION: Protease involved in the C-terminal processing of HybC, the large subunit of hydrogenase 2. Specifically cleaves off a 15 amino acid peptide from the C-terminus of the precursor of HybC. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A31 family.


FUNCTION: Self assemble to form an icosahedral capsid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anelloviridae capsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Ensures the docking of GTPBP4/NOG1 to pre-60S particles (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.


FUNCTION: The heterotetramer with HSD17B8 has NADH-dependent 3- ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase activity, and thereby plays a role in mitochondrial fatty acid biosynthesis. Within the heterotetramer, HSD17B8 binds NADH; CBR4 binds NADPD. The homotetramer has NADPH-dependent quinone reductase activity. Both homotetramer and the heterotetramer have broad in vitro substrate specificity and can reduce 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 1,4-benzoquinone and various other o- quinones and p-quinones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Component of the small ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. Required for proper rRNA processing and maturation of 18S rRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in 'Ser-type' sulfatase maturation under anaerobic conditions. Links the heparin and the chondroitin sulfate utilization pathways which contribute to the colonization of the intestinal tract. May catalyze the activation of chondro-6-sulfatase, i.e. the post- translational modification of a specific serine residue into 3- oxoalanine (also known as C(alpha)-formylglycine (FGly)), by a free radical chemical mechanism initiated via the reductive cleavage of S- adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). Is also able to oxidize a cysteine residue in a synthetic substrate to FGly in vitro, but not in a recombinant Cys-type sulfatase in vivo. But since B.thetaiotaomicron possesses only Ser-type sulfatases, the oxidation of serine residues to FGly is the sole physiological activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Methionine-sulfoxide reductase that specifically reduces methionine (R)-sulfoxide back to methionine. While in many cases, methionine oxidation is the result of random oxidation following oxidative stress, methionine oxidation is also a post-translational modification that takes place on specific residue. Acts as a regulator of actin assembly by reducing methionine (R)-sulfoxide mediated by MICALs (MICAL1, MICAL2 or MICAL3) on actin, thereby promoting filament repolymerization. Plays a role in innate immunity by reducing oxidized actin, leading to actin repolymerization in macrophages. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MsrB Met sulfoxide reductase family.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, sodium and phosphate. At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as an uniporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. The L-glutamate uniporter activity is electrogenic and is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient, mainly by the electrical gradient established by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase across the synaptic vesicle membrane (By similarity). In addition, functions as a chloride channel that allows a chloride permeation through the synaptic vesicle membrane that affects the proton electrochemical gradient and promotes synaptic vesicles acidification (By similarity). At the plasma membrane, following exocytosis, functions as a symporter of Na(+) and phosphate from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm allowing synaptic phosphate homeostasis regulation. The symporter activity is electrogenic (By similarity). Moreover, operates synergistically with SLC18A3/VACHT under a constant H(+) gradient, thereby allowing striatal vesicular acetylcholine uptake (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Synapse, synaptosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Phosvitin is believed to be of importance in sequestering calcium, iron and other cations for the developing embryo.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0174 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WUS homeobox family.


FUNCTION: PsaA and PsaB bind P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I (PSI), as well as the electron acceptors A0, A1 and FX. PSI is a plastocyanin/cytochrome c6-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. Oxidized P700 is reduced on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane by plastocyanin or cytochrome c6 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaA/PsaB family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 14 family.


FUNCTION: MFS-type transporter involved in penicillin production, most likely through the translocation of isopenicillin N from the cytosol to the peroxisomal lumen across the peroxisomal membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Probably recruited to the peroxisomal membrane by pex19. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.


FUNCTION: May function as a testis specific transcription factor. Binds DNA in conjunction with GTF2A2 and TBP (the TATA-binding protein) and together with GTF2A2, allows mRNA transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Mainly localizes in the annulus and partly in acrosomal cap area of spermatozoa. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIA subunit 1 family.


FUNCTION: Terpene synthase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of the terpene valerianol, which is a volatile compound of floral scent. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase U57 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N(4)-acetylcytidine amidohydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N- deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Plays a role in determining the extent and pattern of sulfation of heparan sulfate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. NDST subfamily.


FUNCTION: tRNA nucleotidyltransferase involved in the synthesis of the tRNA CCA terminus. Adds the terminal adenosine residue to tRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase/poly(A) polymerase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL18 family.


FUNCTION: Required for growth within mammalian cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ParA family.


FUNCTION: Cuticular proteins play a significant role in determining the physical properties of cuticles.


FUNCTION: Metalloprotease which cleaves the carboxyl terminus of procollagens to mature collagens. Probably involved in cuticular collagen maturation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Key regulator of cell-cell adhesion that associates with and regulates the cell adhesion properties of both C-, E- and N-cadherins, being critical for their surface stability. Beside cell-cell adhesion, regulates gene transcription through several transcription factors including ZBTB33/Kaiso2 and GLIS2, and the activity of Rho family GTPases and downstream cytoskeletal dynamics. Implicated both in cell transformation by SRC and in ligand-induced receptor signaling through the EGF, PDGF, CSF-1 and ERBB2 receptors. Required for gastrulation, axial elongation and development of the craniofacial skeleton and eye. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, adherens junction Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-catenin family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in vacuolar sorting and osmoregulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M28 family.


FUNCTION: Accumulates harmlessly in the cytoplasmic membrane until it reaches a critical concentration that triggers the formation of micron- scale pores (holes) causing host cell membrane disruption and endolysin escape into the periplasmic space. Determines the precise timing of host cell lysis. Participates with the endolysin protein in the sequential events which lead to the programmed host cell lysis releasing the mature viral particles from the host cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mycobacterium phage D29 holin family.


FUNCTION: Regulates exocytosis by functioning as a GAP for ypt2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: May play a role during embryogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore.


FUNCTION: Binds free fatty acids and their coenzyme A derivatives, bilirubin, and some other small molecules in the cytoplasm. May be involved in intracellular lipid transport (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Required for flavinylation (covalent attachment of FAD) of the flavoprotein subunit of the SDH catalytic dimer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SDHAF2 family.


FUNCTION: Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Displays a preference for substrates with less methylation, loses activity when progressively more methyl groups are incorporated into H3K27, H3K27me0 > H3K27me1 > H3K27me2. Compared to EZH1-containing complexes, it is more abundant in embryonic stem cells and plays a major role in forming H3K27me3, which is required for embryonic stem cell identity and proper differentiation. The PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex may also serve as a recruiting platform for DNA methyltransferases, thereby linking two epigenetic repression systems. EZH2 can also methylate non- histone proteins such as the transcription factor GATA4 and the nuclear receptor RORA. Regulates the circadian clock via histone methylation at the promoter of the circadian genes. Essential for the CRY1/2-mediated repression of the CLOCK-BMAL1 transcriptional activation of PER1/2. Involved in the di and trimethylation of 'Lys-27' of histone H3 on PER1/2 promoters which is necessary for the CRY1/2 proteins to inhibit transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Localizes to the inactive X chromosome in trophoblast stem cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. EZ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Oxidase that catalyzes the oxidation of a broad range of 2- hydroxyacids to the corresponding 2-oxoacids, with a reduction of O2 to H2O2. May be involved in a general medium- and long-chain fatty acid catabolic pathway such as alpha-oxidation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from an unknown electron donor, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory and/or the photosynthetic chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Cyanobacterial NDH-1 also plays a role in inorganic carbon-concentration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent ATPase and 5'-3' DNA helicase that efficiently unwinds G-quadruplex (G4) DNA structures. May be involved in resolving commom issues that arise during DNA replication, recombination, and repair. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. PIF1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mediates the cyclase reaction, which results in the formation of divinylprotochlorophyllide (Pchlide) characteristic of all chlorophylls from magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester (MgPMME). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AcsF family.


FUNCTION: GTPase-activating protein for ADP ribosylation factor family members, including ARF1. Multidomain scaffold protein that interacts with numerous proteins and therefore participates in many cellular functions, including receptor internalization, focal adhesion remodeling, and signaling by both G protein-coupled receptors and tyrosine kinase receptors (By similarity). Through PAK1 activation, positively regulates microtubule nucleation during interphase. Plays a role in the regulation of cytokinesis; for this function, may act in a pathway also involving ENTR1 and PTPN13 (By similarity). May promote cell motility both by regulating focal complex dynamics and by the activation of RAC1 (By similarity). May act as scaffold for MAPK1/3 signal transduction, recruiting MAPK1/3 to focal adhesions after EGF stimulation via a Src-dependent pathway, hence stimulating cell migration (By similarity). Plays a role in brain development and function (PubMed:25792865, PubMed:33010377). Involved in the regulation of spine density and synaptic plasticity that is required for processes involved in learning (PubMed:20043896, PubMed:29554125). Plays an important role in dendritic spine morphogenesis and synapse formation (PubMed:12695502). In hippocampal neurons, recruits guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), such as ARHGEF7/beta-PIX, to the synaptic membrane. These in turn locally activate RAC1, which is an essential step for spine morphogenesis and synapse formation (PubMed:12695502). May contribute to the organization of presynaptic active zones through oligomerization and formation of a Piccolo/PCLO-based protein network, which includes ARHGEF7/beta-PIX and FAK1 (By similarity). In neurons, through its interaction with liprin-alpha family members, may be required for AMPA receptor (GRIA2/3) proper targeting to the cell membrane (By similarity). In complex with GABA(A) receptors and ARHGEF7, plays a crucial role in regulating GABA(A) receptor synaptic stability, maintaining GPHN/gephyrin scaffolds and hence GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission, by locally coordinating RAC1 and PAK1 downstream effector activity, leading to F-actin stabilization (By similarity). May also be important for RAC1 downstream signaling pathway through PAK3 and regulation of neuronal inhibitory transmission at presynaptic input (PubMed:21499268). Required for successful bone regeneration during fracture healing (PubMed:25138700, PubMed:24586541, PubMed:32460388). The function in intramembranous ossification may, at least partly, exerted by macrophages in which GIT1 is a key negative regulator of redox homeostasis, IL1B production, and glycolysis, acting through the ERK1/2/NRF2/NFE2L2 axis (PubMed:32460388). May play a role in angiogenesis during fracture healing (PubMed:24586541, PubMed:31502302). In this process, may regulate activation of the canonical NF-kappa-B signal in bone mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing the interaction between NEMO and 'Lys-63'-ubiquitinated RIPK1/RIP1, eventually leading to enhanced production of VEGFA and others angiogenic factors (By similarity). Essential for VEGF signaling through the activation of phospholipase C-gamma and ERK1/2, hence may control endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis (PubMed:19273721). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Presynapse Postsynapse Postsynaptic density Cell junction, focal adhesion Cell projection, lamellipodium Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Note=Cycles between at least 3 distinct intracellular compartments, including focal adhesions, cytosolic complexes, containing at least PXN/paxillin, ARHGEF7 and PAK1, and membrane protrusions. During cell migration, moves from the disassembling adhesions into the cytosol and towards the leading edge. In adherent cells, localizes to adhesions. Recruitment to adhesions may be mediated by RAC1 and active tyrosine- phosphorylated PXN (By similarity). May be present in both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. In hippocampal neurons, recruitment of GIT1 to synapses is regulated by ephrinB activation and ephrinB downstream effector GRB4/NCK2. In hippocampal neurons, partially colocalizes with PCLO (By similarity). Interaction with GRIN3A limits GIT1 synaptic localization (By similarity). Localization to the centrosome does not depend upon the presence of gamma-tubulin (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Phosphorylates the antiviral nucleoside analog ganciclovir. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. HCMV ganciclovir subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I20 (potato type II proteinase inhibitor) family.


FUNCTION: Participates in the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR) by inducing ERN1/IRE1 activity. Involved in cellular calcium homeostasis regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VAMP-associated protein (VAP) (TC 9.B.17) family.


FUNCTION: Alpha toxins bind voltage-independently at site-3 of sodium channels (Nav) and inhibits the inactivation of the activated channels, thereby blocking neuronal transmission. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family. Alpha subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. Required for ATR expression, possibly by stabilizing the protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATRIP family.


FUNCTION: Beclin-1-C 35 kDa localized to mitochondria can promote apoptosis; it induces the mitochondrial translocation of BAX and the release of proapoptotic factors. FUNCTION: Plays a central role in autophagy (PubMed:18570871, PubMed:21358617, PubMed:23184933, PubMed:23974797, PubMed:28445460). Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 (PubMed:20643123, PubMed:20208530, PubMed:23974797, PubMed:26783301). Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex forms. Involved in endocytosis (PubMed:25275521). Protects against infection by a neurovirulent strain of Sindbis virus (PubMed:9765397). May play a role in antiviral host defense. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Beclin-1-C 37 kDa]: Mitochondrion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Beclin-1-C 35 kDa]: Mitochondrion Nucleus Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Mitochondrion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome Note=Interaction with ATG14 promotes translocation to autophagosomes. Expressed in dendrites and cell bodies of cerebellar Purkinje cells (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beclin family.


FUNCTION: This protein is postulated to act both as terminal energy acceptor and as a linker polypeptide that stabilizes the phycobilisome architecture. May have intrinsic bilin lyase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycobilisome linker protein family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome-associated complex (RAC), a complex involved in folding or maintaining nascent polypeptides in a folding- competent state. In the RAC complex, binds to the nascent polypeptide chain, while DNAJC2 stimulates its ATPase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role during infection by modulating mitochondrial ultrastructure and thereby increasing bioenergetic potential. Mechanistically, alters cristae architecture by interacting with components of the host mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system (MICOS) complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HHV-5 UL13 protein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: To M.jannaschii MJ1024.


FUNCTION: Promotes the biosynthesis of heme as well as the assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe(2+) to proteins involved in these pathways (PubMed:18540637). May play a role in the protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress through its ability to catalyze the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+) (PubMed:18540637). May be able to store large amounts of the metal in the form of a ferrihydrite mineral by oligomerization (PubMed:18540637). Required for ecdysteroidogenesis in the prothoracic gland which is necessary for larval to pupal transition (PubMed:25628335). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frataxin family.


FUNCTION: Deubiquitinating enzyme that plays a key role in chromatin by mediating deubiquitination of histone H2A. Catalytic component of the PR-DUB complex, a complex that specifically mediates deubiquitination of histone H2A monoubiquitinated at 'Lys-119' (H2AK119ub1) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Mainly nuclear. Binds to chromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C12 family. BAP1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Stabilizes the structure of photosystem II oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), the ion environment of oxygen evolution and protects the OEC against heat-induced inactivation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side Note=Associated with photosystem II at the Lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbU family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal ATPase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes (By similarity). The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of E3 ligase complexes, leading to modify the Ubl ligase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Human-specific protein that promotes neural progenitor proliferation and evolutionary expansion of the brain neocortex by regulating the Notch signaling pathway (PubMed:29856954, PubMed:29856955, PubMed:29561261). Able to promote neural progenitor self-renewal, possibly by down-regulating neuronal differentiation genes, thereby delaying the differentiation of neuronal progenitors and leading to an overall final increase in neuronal production (PubMed:29856954). Acts by enhancing the Notch signaling pathway via two different mechanisms that probably work in parallel to reach the same effect (PubMed:29856954). Enhances Notch signaling pathway in a non-cell-autonomous manner via direct interaction with NOTCH2 (PubMed:29856954). Also promotes Notch signaling pathway in a cell- autonomous manner through inhibition of cis DLL1-NOTCH2 interactions, which promotes neuronal differentiation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NOTCH family.


FUNCTION: Lipid-binding protein involved in the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q, also named ubiquinone, an essential lipid-soluble electron transporter for aerobic cellular respiration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COQ9 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Membrane, caveola; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Potential hairpin-like structure in the membrane. Membrane protein of caveolae (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the caveolin family.


FUNCTION: May function as transcription factor capable of interacting with purine rich repeats (GA repeats). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. Plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking. Plays a role in synaptic vesicle trafficking and in neurotransmitter release. May be required for normal dopamine homeostasis in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus. Plays a role in the regulation of cell surface exposure of DRD2. Contributes to the regulation of dopamine signaling. May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization and neurite outgrowth (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Melanosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Nucleus Postsynaptic density Endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dysbindin family.


FUNCTION: GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. Not essential for cell viability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.


FUNCTION: Involved in gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) and telomere healing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IRC6 family.


FUNCTION: ATP-binding protein, which may act as a adapter in the Toll- like receptor (TLR) signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paralemmin family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme with both malic and malolactic enzyme activities (PubMed:33824210). In the absence of NADPH, catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate (PubMed:16788182, PubMed:33824210). Can use NAD and NADP, but with a very strong preference for NADP (PubMed:16788182). In the presence of excess NADPH, catalyzes the non-oxidative decarboxylation of malate to lactate (PubMed:33824210). During growth on glucose, contributes to NADPH balancing via oxidation of the NADPH produced in excess by other enzymatic reactions (PubMed:33824210). Can also catalyze the decarboxylation of oxaloacetate (PubMed:16788182). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the malic enzymes family.


FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in initiating innate immune response against foreign pathogens. Involved in Toll-like receptor (TLR) and IL-1R signaling pathways. Is rapidly recruited by MYD88 to the receptor-signaling complex upon TLR activation. Association with MYD88 leads to IRAK1 phosphorylation by IRAK4 and subsequent autophosphorylation and kinase activation. Phosphorylates E3 ubiquitin ligases Pellino proteins (PELI1, PELI2 and PELI3) to promote pellino-mediated polyubiquitination of IRAK1. Then, the ubiquitin-binding domain of IKBKG/NEMO binds to polyubiquitinated IRAK1 bringing together the IRAK1-MAP3K7/TAK1-TRAF6 complex and the NEMO-IKKA-IKKB complex. In turn, MAP3K7/TAK1 activates IKKs (CHUK/IKKA and IKBKB/IKKB) leading to NF-kappa-B nuclear translocation and activation. Alternatively, phosphorylates TIRAP to promote its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Phosphorylates the interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7) to induce its activation and translocation to the nucleus, resulting in transcriptional activation of type I IFN genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state. When sumoylated, translocates to the nucleus and phosphorylates STAT3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Lipid droplet Note=Translocates to the nucleus when sumoylated. RSAD2/viperin recruits it to the lipid droplet (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Pelle subfamily.


FUNCTION: Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA. Part of the ACTR1A/ACTB filament around which the dynactin complex is built. The dynactin multiprotein complex activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus Note=Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin family.


FUNCTION: One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. FUNCTION: Has also been isolated as a basic, heat-shock stable DNA- binding protein from the B.subtilis nucleoid. It binds cooperatively to double-stranded supercoiled DNA which it further compacts into complexes 15-17 nm in diameter. Overexpression of the protein disrupts nucleoid segregation and positioning. FUNCTION: One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. FUNCTION: One of the proteins that surrounds the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit. FUNCTION: One of the proteins that surrounds the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, nucleoid Note=Is located predominantly at the nucleoid poles during exponential phase, while in stationary phase the protein is more evenly distributed in the whole cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.


FUNCTION: 7S NGF alpha chain stabilizes the 7S complex. The beta dimer promotes neurite growth. The gamma chain is an arginine-specific protease; it may also have plasminogen activator activity, as well as mitogenic activity for chick embryo fibroblasts. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Kallikrein subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Plasminogen subfamily.


FUNCTION: DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 5'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 5' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead- end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase 2 (top2) active site tyrosine residue. Hydrolyzes 5'-phosphoglycolates on protruding 5' ends on DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) due to DNA damage by radiation and free radicals. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, PML body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCR4/nocturin family. TTRAP/TDP2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. Inhibits the cytopathic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclotide family. Bracelet subfamily.


FUNCTION: Thrombomodulin is a specific endothelial cell receptor that forms a 1:1 stoichiometric complex with thrombin. This complex is responsible for the conversion of protein C to the activated protein C (protein Ca). Once evolved, protein Ca scissions the activated cofactors of the coagulation mechanism, factor Va and factor VIIIa, and thereby reduces the amount of thrombin generated. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: May have a molecular chaperone role in the processing of secreted materials. Required for shoot apical meristem (SAM), root apical meristem (RAM) and floral meristem (FM) formation, probably by regulating the folding of CLAVATA proteins (CLVs). Also involved in pollen tube elongation (PubMed:11867518). Involved in resistance to tunicamycin- or high calcium-induced ER stresses. Possesses ATPase activity (PubMed:25297550). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.


SIMILARITY: To U.parvum UU089.1.


SIMILARITY: To E.coli YmfS.


FUNCTION: Light-driven proton pump. The chromophore contains 78% all- trans- and 22% 13-cis-retinal in the dark and 90% all-trans- and 10% 13-cis-retinal upon illumination with >500 nm light. FUNCTION: Light-driven proton pump. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal/bacterial/fungal opsin family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the beta-oxidation cycle for medium and short-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acyl-CoAs (C4 to C10) (PubMed:9593854, PubMed:2817332). Plays a role in the control of insulin secretion by inhibiting the activation of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 (GLUD1), an enzyme that has an important role in regulating amino acid-induced insulin secretion (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-V subfamily.


FUNCTION: Essential protein required during embryogenesis and pollen development (PubMed:23382868). Required for processing of 20S pre-rRNA precursor and biogenesis of 40S ribosomal subunits (PubMed:23382868). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bystin family.


FUNCTION: Required for the quantitative accumulation of H/ACA ribonucleoproteins (RNPs), including telomerase, probably through the stabilization of DKC1, from the time of its synthesis until its association with NOP10, NHP2, and NAF1 at the nascent H/ACA RNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=May at least partially shuttle between cytosol and nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHQ1 family.


FUNCTION: Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which plays an important role in blastocyst development. Involved in progression of blastocyst stage and subsequent embryo development.


FUNCTION: Expressed in peripheral macrophages and intestinal myeloid- derived cells, is required for optimal PRR (pattern recognition receptor)-induced signaling, cytokine secretion, and bacterial clearance. Upon stimulation of a broad range of PRRs (pattern recognition receptor) such as NOD2 or TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 and TLR9, associates with YWHAQ/14-3-3T, which in turn leads to the recruitment and activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappa-B signaling complexes that amplifies PRR-induced downstream signals and cytokine secretion (By similarity). In the intestine, regulates adherens junction stability by regulating the degradation of CYTH1 and CYTH2, probably acting as substrate cofactor for SCF E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. Stabilizes adherens junctions by limiting CYTH1- dependent ARF6 activation (PubMed:29420262). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Translocates to the nucleus upon NOD2 stimulation.


FUNCTION: Starfish phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that has hemorrhagic and capillary permeability-increasing activities and hence is considered to be deeply involved in the local inflammation. Shows hemolytic activity only in the presence of phosphatidylcholine (PC). PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn- phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by gbb-1 and gbb-2 (By similarity). Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only gbb-1 seems to bind agonists, while gbb-2 mediates coupling to G proteins (By similarity). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase (By similarity). Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivates voltage-dependent calcium- channels and modulates inositol phospholipid hydrolysis (By similarity). Calcium is required for high affinity binding to GABA (By similarity). Plays a critical role in the fine-tuning of inhibitory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Pre-synaptic GABA receptor inhibits neurotransmitter release by down-regulating high-voltage activated calcium channels, whereas postsynaptic GABA receptor decreases neuronal excitability by activating a prominent inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) conductance that underlies the late inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (By similarity). Along with gbb-2, may couple to the G(o)-alpha G-protein goa-1 to negatively regulate cholinergic receptor activity in the presence of high levels of acetylcholine in ventral cord motor neurons (PubMed:18614679). As acetylcholine depolarizes body wall muscles, modulation of acetylcholine levels most likely results in the control of locomotory behavior (PubMed:18614679). Acts in neurons to regulate lifespan, and this may be through G-protein-egl-8/PLC-beta signaling to the transcription factor daf-16/FOXO (PubMed:26537867). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family.


FUNCTION: G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle- stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. FSH/LSH/TSH subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role at the late stage in the encapsidation of viral DNA, assuring correct genome cleavage and presumably stabilizing capsids that contain full-lengtht viral genomes. Located on the external vertices of the T=16 icosahedric capsid, may bind together the tegument and the capsid through interaction with large tegument protein U31 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae UL25 family.


FUNCTION: Ammonium transporter involved in the maintenance of acid-base homeostasis. Transports ammonium and its related derivative methylammonium across the basolateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells likely contributing to renal transepithelial ammonia transport and ammonia metabolism. May transport either NH4(+) or NH3 ammonia species predominantly mediating an electrogenic NH4(+) transport (By similarity). May act as a CO2 channel providing for renal acid secretion (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ammonium transporter (TC 2.A.49) family. Rh subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds mRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS1 family.


FUNCTION: Appears to be a stable component of the Pol II(G) complex form of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Pol II synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs and is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. May play a role in Mediator complex-dependent regulation of transcription activation. Acts in vitro as a negative regulator of transcriptional activation; this repression is relieved by the Mediator complex, which restores Pol II(G) activator-dependent transcription to a level equivalent to that of Pol II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRINL1 family.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap1 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs. Methylates the ribose of the first nucleotide of a m(7)GpppG- capped mRNA and small nuclear RNA (snRNA) to produce m(7)GpppRm (cap1). Displays a preference for cap0 transcripts. Cap1 modification is linked to higher levels of translation. May be involved in the interferon response pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. The nubp1-nubp2 heterotetramer forms a Fe-S scaffold complex, mediating the de novo assembly of an Fe-S cluster and its transfer to target apoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family. NUBP1/NBP35 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the colipase family.


FUNCTION: NADPH-dependent reductase with broad substrate specificity. Catalyzes the reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds including quinones, prostaglandins, menadione, plus various xenobiotics (PubMed:8198567, PubMed:7705364). Catalyzes the reduction of the antitumor anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin to the cardiotoxic compounds doxorubicinol and daunorubicinol (By similarity). Can convert prostaglandin E to prostaglandin F2-alpha (By similarity). Can bind glutathione, which explains its higher affinity for glutathione-conjugated substrates. Catalyzes the reduction of S- nitrosoglutathione. In addition, participates in the glucocorticoid metabolism by catalyzing the NADPH-dependent cortisol/corticosterone into 20beta-dihydrocortisol (20b-DHF) or 20beta-corticosterone (20b- DHB), which are weak agonists of NR3C1 and NR3C2 in adipose tissue (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Ribosome-binding protein involved in ribosome hibernation: associates with translationally inactive ribosomes and stabilizes the nonrotated conformation of the 80S ribosome, thereby promoting ribosome preservation and storage (PubMed:32687489). Also required for proper progression of late cytokinetic stages (PubMed:23894443). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Midbody Note=Colocalizes with gamma-tubulin at interphase, prophase, metaphase, and anaphase. Relocates from centrosome to midbody at telophase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCDC124 family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be a menaquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.


FUNCTION: DEAD-box RNA helicase-like protein required for pre-18S rRNA processing, specifically at sites A0, A1, and A2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UTP25 family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-516 in 16S ribosomal RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RsuA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M24B family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M50B family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of (2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to yield the bicyclic sesquiterpene (1S,6S,7R)-(-)-gamma-cadinene via a 1,10-cyclization, which requires the abstraction of the pyrophosphate from FPP to yield a germacradienyl cation (PubMed:23307484, PubMed:27666571, PubMed:27829890). The only accepted substrate is (2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) (PubMed:27829890). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoyl-CoA (DHNA-CoA) to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (DHNA), a reaction involved in phylloquinone (vitamin K1) biosynthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA thioesterase family. DHNA-CoA hydrolase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Developmentally regulated transcription factor AP-1 binds and recognizes the enhancer DNA sequence: 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. May play a role in the function or determination of a particular subset of cells in the developing embryo. It is able to carry out its function either independently of or in conjunction with Jra (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the microtubule-dependent coupling of the nucleus and the centrosome. Involved in the processes that regulate centrosome-mediated interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) of neural progenitors and for proper positioning of neurons during brain development. Also implicated in the migration and selfrenewal of neural progenitors. May play a role in centriole duplication during mitosis (By similarity). Required for the recruitment of CEP295 to the proximal end of new-born centrioles at the centriolar microtubule wall during early S phase in a PLK4-dependent manner (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Regulates the localization of TACC3 to the centrosome in neural progenitors in vivo. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CEP120 family.


FUNCTION: Binds to an ERR-alpha response element (ERRE) containing a single consensus half-site, 5'-TNAAGGTCA-3'. Can bind to the medium- chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) response element NRRE-1 and may act as an important regulator of MCAD promoter. May function as a modulator of the estrogen signaling pathway in the uterus. Induces the expression of PERM1 in the skeletal muscle (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Co-localizes to the cytoplasm only in presence of MAPK15. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription regulator component of the regulatory network controlling carbon source utilization through ubiquitination and deubiquitination involving creA, creB, creC, creD and acrB. Represses the transcription of the alcR, alcA and aldA genes by binding to a GC- rich region in their promoter. Also plays a role in response to carbon starvation and the control of extracellular proteases activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the creA/MIG C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.