FUNCTION: Iridoid synthase that catalyzes the first step in generation of the iridoid ring scaffold using the linear monoterpene (6E)-8- oxogeranial as substrate. Iridoids comprise a large family of distinctive bicyclic monoterpenes that possess a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial activities. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. Highly divergent.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme that elongates fatty acids with 12, 14 and 16 carbons with higher activity toward C16:0 acyl-CoAs. Catalyzes the synthesis of unsaturated C16 long chain fatty acids and, to a lesser extent, C18:0 and those with low desaturation degree. May participate in the production of saturated and monounsaturated VLCFAs of different chain lengths that are involved in multiple biological processes as precursors of membrane lipids and lipid mediators. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ELO family. ELOVL6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Molecular chaperone capable of stabilizing a range of proteins. Seems to fulfill an ATP-independent, HSP70-like function in archaeal de novo protein folding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is a respiratory chain that generates an electrochemical potential coupled to ATP synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome b family.


FUNCTION: ABC transporter associated with antigen processing. In complex with TAP2 mediates unidirectional translocation of peptide antigens from cytosol to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for loading onto MHC class I (MHCI) molecules (PubMed:25656091, PubMed:25377891). Uses the chemical energy of ATP to export peptides against the concentration gradient (PubMed:25377891). During the transport cycle alternates between 'inward-facing' state with peptide binding site facing the cytosol to 'outward-facing' state with peptide binding site facing the ER lumen. Peptide antigen binding to ATP-loaded TAP1-TAP2 induces a switch to hydrolysis-competent 'outward-facing' conformation ready for peptide loading onto nascent MHCI molecules. Subsequently ATP hydrolysis resets the transporter to the 'inward facing' state for a new cycle (PubMed:25377891, PubMed:25656091, PubMed:11274390). Typically transports intracellular peptide antigens of 8 to 13 amino acids that arise from cytosolic proteolysis via IFNG-induced immunoproteasome. Binds peptides with free N- and C-termini, the first three and the C-terminal residues being critical. Preferentially selects peptides having a highly hydrophobic residue at position 3 and hydrophobic or charged residues at the C-terminal anchor. Proline at position 2 has the most destabilizing effect (PubMed:7500034, PubMed:9256420, PubMed:11274390). As a component of the peptide loading complex (PLC), acts as a molecular scaffold essential for peptide-MHCI assembly and antigen presentation (PubMed:26611325, PubMed:1538751, PubMed:25377891). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=The transmembrane segments seem to form a pore in the membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. MHC peptide exporter (TC 3.A.1.209) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex SsuABC involved in aliphatic sulfonates import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Aliphatic sulfonates importer (TC 3.A.1.17.2) family.


FUNCTION: Magnesium-independent phospholipid phosphatase of the plasma membrane that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of glycerolipid and sphingolipid phosphate esters including phosphatidate/PA, lysophosphatidate/LPA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate/DGPP, sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P and ceramide 1- phosphate/C1P. Also acts on N-oleoyl ethanolamine phosphate/N-(9Z- octadecenoyl)-ethanolamine phosphate, a potential physiological compound. Has both an extracellular and an intracellular phosphatase activity, allowing the hydrolysis and the cellular uptake of these bioactive lipid mediators from the milieu, regulating signal transduction in different cellular processes. Through the dephosphorylation of extracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate and the regulation of its extra- and intracellular availability, plays a role in vascular homeostasis, regulating endothelial cell migration, adhesion, survival, proliferation and the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines (By similarity). By maintaining the appropriate levels of this lipid in the cerebellum, also ensure its proper development and function (By similarity). Through its intracellular lipid phosphatase activity may act in early compartments of the secretory pathway, regulating the formation of Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum retrograde transport carriers (By similarity). FUNCTION: Independently of this phosphatase activity may also function in the Wnt signaling pathway and the stabilization of beta- catenin/CTNNB1, thereby regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in angiogenesis or yet in tumor growth. Also plays a role in integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in angiogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Membrane raft; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Cycles between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


FUNCTION: Specifically catalyzes the decarboxylation of meso- diaminopimelate (meso-DAP) to L-lysine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. LysA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the non-heme iron(II)-dependent oxidative cleavage of 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid and 2,3-dihydroxicinnamic acid into 2-hydroxy-6-ketononadienedioate and 2-hydroxy-6- ketononatrienedioate, respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LigB/MhpB extradiol dioxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Seed storage protein. Might be integrated via inter-chain disulfide bonds within the glutenin polymer. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prolamin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in bacillithiol (BSH) biosynthesis. Catalyzes the second step of the pathway, the deacetylation of N- acetylglucosaminylmalate (GlcNAc-Mal) to glucosamine malate (GlcN-Mal). Could also be involved in bacillithiol-detoxifying pathways through formation of S-mercapturic adducts. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PIGL family.


FUNCTION: Terpene cyclase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the diterpenoid pyrones subglutinols A and B (PubMed:32286350). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of the alpha-pyrone moiety by the polyketide synthase dpasA via condensation of one acetyl-CoA starter unit with 3 malonyl-CoA units and 2 methylations (PubMed:32286350). The alpha-pyrone is then combined with geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) formed by the GGPP synthase dpasD through the action of the prenyltransferase dpasC to yield a linear alpha-pyrone diterpenoid (PubMed:32286350). Subsequent steps in the diterpenoid pyrone biosynthetic pathway involve the decalin core formation, which is initiated by the epoxidation of the C10-C11 olefin by the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase dpasE, and is followed by a cyclization cascade catalyzed by the terpene cyclase dpasB (PubMed:32286350). The FAD-linked oxidoreductase dpasF is then involved in tetrahydrofuran (THF) ring formation at the C5 unit to complete the formation of subglutinols A and B (PubMed:32286350). DpasF possesses also an additional catalytic ability of multi-step oxidations to generate a new DDP analog with an enone system at the C5 named FDDP A (PubMed:32286350). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paxB family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0057 (PMP3) family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of Wnt receptor complex components (PubMed:22575959). Along with RSPO2 and RNF43, constitutes a master switch that governs limb specification (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZNRF3 family.


FUNCTION: Might be involved in growth regulation, and in myelinization in the peripheral nervous system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family.


FUNCTION: The Nipponbare allele of HD6 contains a premature stop codon, resulting in a truncated non-functional product. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATPase activity of XPB, but not its helicase activity, is required for DNA opening. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPB is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription (By similarity). Required during the early stages of development, including seed germination (PubMed:11737776). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. RAD25/XPB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Methyltransferase that methylates adenine residues in the dsDNA sequence 5'-GATC-3' (PubMed:2180941, PubMed:3312202). May prevent degradation of viral DNA by the host restriction-modification antiviral defense system (PubMed:376871). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N(4)/N(6)-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Cell division protein that may be involved in stabilizing or promoting the assembly of the division complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Note=Localizes to the division septum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FtsQ/DivIB family. DivIB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for the biosynthesis of sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), a major mycobacterial cell wall lipid (PubMed:17259623, PubMed:17592143, PubMed:22194604). Catalyzes the acylation of trehalose-2-sulfate by adding the palmitoyl group at the 2'-position to yield the intermediate trehalose-2-sulfate-2'-palmitate (SL659) (PubMed:17592143, PubMed:22194604). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the acylation of trehalose-2-sulfate by adding the palmitoyl group at the 2'-position to yield the intermediate trehalose- 2-sulfate-2'-palmitate (SL659). FUNCTION: Required for the biosynthesis of sulfolipid-1 (SL-1), a major mycobacterial cell wall lipid. Catalyzes the acylation of trehalose-2- sulfate by adding the palmitoyl group at the 2'-position to yield the intermediate trehalose-2-sulfate-2'-palmitate (SL659). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PapA acyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Effector proteins function to alter host cell physiology and promote bacterial survival in host tissues. This protease possesses deubiquitinating and deneddylating activities (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cell Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Secreted, and delivered into the host cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C48 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of the dietary vitamin B6 vitamers pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN) and pyridoxamine (PM) to form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), respectively (By similarity). PLP is the active form of vitamin B6, and acts as a cofactor for over 140 different enzymatic reactions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to the 6'-amino group of aminoglycoside molecules conferring resistance to antibiotics containing the purpurosamine ring including amikacin, kanamycin, tobramycin and netilmicin.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mycobacterial PPE family.


FUNCTION: In eubacteria ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate) is a mediator of the stringent response that coordinates a variety of cellular activities in response to changes in nutritional abundance. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of pppGpp which is then hydrolyzed to form ppGpp (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RelA/SpoT family.


FUNCTION: Transcription activator that acts as a flowering master switch in both long and short days, independently of the circadian clock (By similarity). Promotes flowering upstream of HD1 by up- regulating FTL1, FTL4, FTL5, FTL6, EHD1, HD3A and RFT1 (By similarity). Seems to repress FTL11 expression (By similarity). May recognize the consensus motif 5'-TTTGTCGTAAT-3' in target gene promoters (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol. May play a role in the restoration of the post-stress redox state of the cytosolic glutathione pool. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the unc-93 family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits vasodilator, natriuretic and diuretic properties in animal models and human tissues. Acts by stimulating cGMP via the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR1). Is a poor agonist of the atrial natriuretic peptide receptor B (NPR2). Is not degraded by neutral endopeptidase (NEP/MME). Binds to atrial natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPR-C/NPR3), which may be responsible of the removal of DNP from the circulation. Increases calcium uptake and induces histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Increases calcium-activated potassium (KCa) current in gastric antral circular smooth muscle cells by increasing cGMP production and activating inositol trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family.


FUNCTION: plays a role in virion budding and release by presumably binding the ribonucleocapsid and the host membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion.


FUNCTION: Mutarotase converts alpha-aldose to the beta-anomer. It is active on D-glucose, L-arabinose, D-xylose, D-galactose, maltose and lactose (By similarity). SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the NAD(P)-dependent epimerase/dehydratase family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldose epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (PubMed:22096102). uS4 is involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly (PubMed:15590835). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.


FUNCTION: Channel protein that facilitates the transport of water, glycerol and hydrogen peroxide across membrane of cell or organelles guaranteeing intracellular homeostasis in several organes like liver, kidney and brain. In situation of stress, participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis by regulating redox homeostasis through the transport of hydrogen peroxide across the endoplasmic reticulum membrane thereby regulating the oxidative stress through the NADPH oxidase 2 pathway (By similarity). Plays a role by maintaining an environment suitable for translation or protein foldings in the ER lumen namely by participating in the PKD1 glycosylation processing resulting in regulation of PKD1 membrane trafficking thereby preventing the accumulation of unfolding protein in ER. Plays a role in the proximal tubule function by regulating its endosomal acidification. May play a role in postnatal kidney development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Localizes mainly to the periphery of lipid droplets. it accumulates partly in mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. AQP11/AQP12 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane (PubMed:25609543, PubMed:28154081). uS12m is required for respiratory growth (PubMed:11780787). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Note=Mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane and spatially aligned with the membrane insertion machinery through two distinct membrane contact sites, formed by the 21S rRNA expansion segment 96-ES1 and the inner membrane protein MBA1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.


FUNCTION: The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHRM1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: During centriole duplication, plays a role in the centriole elongation by promoting the recruitment of the microtubule-binding elongation machinery through its interaction with RTTN, leading to the centriole to centrosome conversion (By similarity). In addition may play a role in the primary cilia assembly (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Note=Recruited to the nascent daughter centriole early in the duplication cycle and localizes to the proximal centriolar lumen just above the cartwheel. Co-localizes with RTTN at the centriole. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPP1R35 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in regulated exocytosis. Modulates the localization of synaptophysin/SYP into synaptic-like microvesicles and may therefore play a role in synaptic-like microvesicle formation and/or maturation (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of short- term and long-term synaptic plasticity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Melanosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synaptogyrin family.


FUNCTION: Small GTPase involved in membrane trafficking control (By similarity). Regulates integrin internalization and recycling, but does not influence the traffic of endosomally translocated receptors in general. As a result, may regulate cell adhesion and migration. During the mitosis of adherent cells, controls the endosomal trafficking of integrins which is required for the successful completion of cytokinesis (By similarity). Involved in neurite growth (By similarity). Modulates protein levels of the cargo receptors TMED2 and TMED10, and required for appropriate Golgi localization of TMED10 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Lipid-anchor Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network Golgi apparatus membrane Early endosome membrane Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane Cleavage furrow Cell projection, neuron projection Note=Colocalizes with ANKRD27 and VAMP7 in neurites (By similarity). In nonpolarized epithelial Caco-2 cells, found in the endoplasmic reticulum; in polarized cells, observed in vesicles in the apical cytoplasm. During mitosis, in mid-telophase, localized in the ingressing cleavage furrow. In late telophase, detected at the opposite poles of the daughter cells, in vesicles at the base of lamellipodia formed by the separating daughter cells (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the partitioning of the mitochondrial organelle and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) inheritance. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the misato family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation. Required for stable expression of GPI-anchored proteins at the cell surface (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PGAP2 family.


FUNCTION: Essential for the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Part of the RAD51 paralog protein complexes BCDX2 and CX3 which act at different stages of the BRCA1- BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 seems to act downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment; CX3 seems to act downstream of RAD51 recruitment; both complexes bind predominantly to the intersection of the four duplex arms of the Holliday junction (HJ) and to junction of replication forks. The BCDX2 complex was originally reported to bind single-stranded DNA, single- stranded gaps in duplex DNA and specifically to nicks in duplex DNA. The BCDX2 subcomplex RAD51B:RAD51C exhibits single-stranded DNA- dependent ATPase activity suggesting an involvement in early stages of the HR pathway. Involved in RAD51 foci formation in response to DNA damage suggesting an involvement in early stages of HR probably in the invasion step. Has an early function in DNA repair in facilitating phosphorylation of the checkpoint kinase CHEK2 and thereby transduction of the damage signal, leading to cell cycle arrest and HR activation. Participates in branch migration and HJ resolution and thus is important for processing HR intermediates late in the DNA repair process; the function may be linked to the CX3 complex. Part of a PALB2-scaffolded HR complex containing BRCA2 and which is thought to play a role in DNA repair by HR. Protects RAD51 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation that is enhanced following DNA damage. Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51 and XRCC3. Contributes to DNA cross- link resistance, sister chromatid cohesion and genomic stability. Involved in maintaining centrosome number in mitosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Mitochondrion Note=DNA damage induces an increase in nuclear levels. Accumulates in DNA damage induced nuclear foci or RAD51C foci which is formed during the S or G2 phase of cell cycle. Accumulation at DNA lesions requires the presence of NBN/NBS1, ATM and RPA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecA family. RAD51 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for protein transport to the vacuole. Involved in two vesicle trafficking steps to the prevacuolar compartment (PVC), regulating the docking of endosomes and Golgi vesicles to the PVC by interacting with PEP7/VAC1 on the PVC membrane and promoting SNARE complex formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor Mitochondrion membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Regulator of autophagy that contributes to antagonize becn1- mediated cellular autophagy at the endoplasmic reticulum. Participates in the interaction of bcl2 with becn1 and is required for bcl2-mediated depression of endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) stores during autophagy (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CISD protein family. CISD2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS)- independent homocysteine (Hcy) biosynthesis (PubMed:25315403, PubMed:25938369). Together with MA_1821, catalyzes the condensation of sulfide with aspartate semialdehyde to generate homocysteine. May be involved in the reduction of the disulfide formed in MA_1821 (Probable).


FUNCTION: Contributes to the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape (PubMed:17403031). Plays a role in the formation of lamellipodia and in cell migration (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of neuron morphology, axon growth and formation of neuronal growth cones (By similarity). Through its interaction with CTTNBP2, involved in the regulation of neuronal spine density (PubMed:22262902). Plays a role in focal adhesion assembly and turnover (By similarity). In complex with ABL1 and MYLK regulates cortical actin-based cytoskeletal rearrangement critical to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P)- mediated endothelial cell (EC) barrier enhancement (By similarity). Plays a role in intracellular protein transport and endocytosis, and in modulating the levels of potassium channels present at the cell membrane (PubMed:17959782). Plays a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis via clathrin-coated pits (By similarity). Required for stabilization of KCNH1 channels at the cell membrane (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection, lamellipodium Cell projection, ruffle. Cell projection, dendrite. Cell projection Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell projection, podosome Cell junction Cell junction, focal adhesion Membrane, clathrin-coated pit Cell projection, dendritic spine. Cytoplasm, cell cortex Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Colocalizes transiently with PTK2/FAK1 at focal adhesions (By similarity). Associated with membrane ruffles and lamellipodia. In the presence of CTTNBP2NL, colocalizes with stress fibers. In the presence of CTTNBP2, localizes at the cell cortex. In response to neuronal activation by glutamate, redistributes from dendritic spines to the dendritic shaft. Colocalizes with DNM2 at the basis of filopodia in hippocampus neuron growth zones (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Transcription activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element present in the regulatory regions of many muscle-specific genes. Controls cardiac morphogenesis and myogenesis, and is also involved in vascular development. Enhances transcriptional activation mediated by SOX18. Plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory by suppressing the number of excitatory synapses and thus regulating basal and evoked synaptic transmission. Crucial for normal neuronal development, distribution, and electrical activity in the neocortex. Necessary for proper development of megakaryocytes and platelets and for bone marrow B-lymphopoiesis. Required for B-cell survival and proliferation in response to BCR stimulation, efficient IgG1 antibody responses to T-cell-dependent antigens and for normal induction of germinal center B-cells. May also be involved in neurogenesis and in the development of cortical architecture (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, sarcoplasm.


FUNCTION: Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and via the 2-methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the Claisen condensation of propionyl-CoA and oxaloacetate (OAA) to yield 2-methylcitrate (2-MC) and CoA. Also catalyzes the condensation of oxaloacetate with acetyl-CoA but with a lower specificity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the citrate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'- ATTTGCAT-3') and activates the promoters of the genes for some small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) and of genes such as those for histone H2B and immunoglobulins. Modulates transcription transactivation by NR3C1, AR and PGR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in centriole duplication (PubMed:24613305, PubMed:26297806). Positively regulates CEP63 centrosomal localization (PubMed:24613305, PubMed:26297806). Required for WDR62 centrosomal localization and promotes the centrosomal localization of CDK2 (PubMed:24613305, PubMed:26297806). May play a role in cilium assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriolar satellite Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Localization to centrioles and pericentriolar satellites may be mediated by interaction with PCM1.


FUNCTION: Tip adhesin component of type P pili that plays a critical role in kidney infection through targeted interaction with the globoseries glycolipids containing the Gal-alpha(1-4)-Gal disaccharide present on uroepithelial cells. In turn, transcriptionally regulates host gene expression in kidney cells, leading to inflammatory pathway activation and renal tissue damage (PubMed:31181116). Acts thereby as key determinant of invasive uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC), which cause pyelonephritis and urinary-source bacteremia (PubMed:33235212). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Fimbrium Note=At the tip of P pili. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adhesin PapG family.


FUNCTION: Plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly. Acts as a viroporin and self-assembles in host membranes forming pentameric protein-lipid pores that allow ion transport. Also plays a role in the induction of apoptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein Note=The cytoplasmic tail functions as a Golgi complex-targeting signal. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alphacoronaviruses E protein family.


SIMILARITY: To yeast YKR015c.


FUNCTION: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase with a key role in vitamin D catabolism and calcium homeostasis. Via C24-oxidation pathway, catalyzes the inactivation of both the vitamin D precursor calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D(3)) and the active hormone calcitriol (1-alpha,25- dihydroxyvitamin D(3)). With initial hydroxylation at C-24 (via C24- oxidation pathway), performs a sequential 6-step oxidation of calcitriol leading to the formation of the biliary metabolite calcitroic acid. Hydroxylates at C-24 or C-25 other vitamin D active metabolites, such as CYP11A1-derived secosteroids 20S- hydroxycholecalciferol and 20S,23-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via FDXR/adrenodoxin reductase and FDX1/adrenodoxin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion intermembrane space Note=Imported into the mitochondria via the mitochondrial disulfide relay system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CMC4 family.


FUNCTION: Beta-arabinofuranosyltransferase that transfers specifically an arabinosyl residue from UDP-arabinofuranose to the monosaccharide galactose or beta-methyl-galactoside in vitro. Catalyzes the addition of a beta-arabinofuranose residue onto a beta-galactosyl residue of an Yariv-precipitable wall polymer in vivo. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 77 family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform SCPx]: Plays a crucial role in the peroxisomal oxidation of branched-chain fatty acids (PubMed:10706581). Catalyzes the last step of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation of branched chain fatty acids and the side chain of the bile acid intermediates di- and trihydroxycoprostanic acids (DHCA and THCA) (PubMed:10706581). Also active with medium and long straight chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs (By similarity). Stimulates the microsomal conversion of 7- dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol and transfers phosphatidylcholine and 7-dehydrocholesterol between membrances, in vitro (By similarity). Isoforms SCP2 and SCPx cooperate in peroxisomal oxidation of certain naturally occurring tetramethyl-branched fatty acyl-CoAs (PubMed:9553048). FUNCTION: [Isoform SCP2]: Mediates the transfer of all common phospholipids, cholesterol and gangliosides from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane. May play a role in regulating steroidogenesis (By similarity). Stimulates the microsomal conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol (By similarity). Also binds fatty acids and fatty acyl Coenzyme A (CoA) such as phytanoyl-CoA (PubMed:9553048). Involved in the regulation phospholipid synthesis in endoplasmic reticulum enhancing the incorporation of exogenous fatty acid into glycerides (PubMed:11003606). Seems to stimulate the rate- limiting step in phosphatidic acid formation mediated by GPAT3 (PubMed:11003606). Isoforms SCP2 and SCPx cooperate in peroxisomal oxidation of certain naturally occurring tetramethyl-branched fatty acyl-CoAs (PubMed:9553048). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform SCPx]: Peroxisome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform SCP2]: Cytoplasm Peroxisome Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.


FUNCTION: Proton pump that utilizes the energy of pyrophosphate hydrolysis as the driving force for proton movement across the membrane. Generates a proton motive force. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (TC 3.A.10) family. K(+)-insensitive subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.


FUNCTION: PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family.


FUNCTION: Client-loading PAQosome/R2TP complex cofactor that selects NOP58 to promote box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) assembly. Acts as a bridge between NOP58 and the R2TP complex via RUVBL1:RUVBL2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Mediates the import of GDP-bound RAN from the cytoplasm into the nucleus which is essential for the function of RAN in cargo receptor-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport. Thereby, plays indirectly a more general role in cargo receptor-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport. Interacts with GDP-bound RAN in the cytosol, recruits it to the nuclear pore complex via its interaction with nucleoporins and promotes its nuclear import. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus outer membrane Nucleus, nuclear pore complex Nucleus inner membrane Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=At steady state it is essentially nucleoplasmic, enriched in nucleoplasmic foci.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0302 family.


FUNCTION: Transports uridine diphosphate galactose (UDP-galactose) from the cytosol into the Golgi apparatus, functioning as an antiporter that exchanges UDP-galactose for UMP (PubMed:9010752, PubMed:12682060). It is also able to exchange UDP-galactose for AMP and CMP, and to transport UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine (UDP-GalNAc) and other nucleotide sugars (PubMed:12682060, PubMed:11784306). As a provider of UDP- galactose to galactosyltransferases present in the Golgi apparatus, it is necessary for globotriaosylceramide/globoside (Gb3Cer) synthesis from lactosylceramide (PubMed:30817854). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Golgi apparatus membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. SLC35A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has bactericidal activity against E.coli ATCC 29522 and S.aureus. Inhibits growth of S.marcescens and B.cereus ATCC 14579. A synthetic peptide has antibacterial activity against E.coli ATCC 29522 (MIC=8 ug/ml), S.aureus (MIC=64 ug/ml), S.marcescens (MIC=32 ug/ml), B.cereus ATCC 14579 (MIC=64 ug/ml), B.subtilis (MIC=32 ug/ml), L.plantarum ATCC 8014 (MIC=32 ug/ml), B.flexus (MIC=32 ug/ml), S.enteritidis ATCC 13076 (MIC=4 ug/ml), Enterobacter spp (MIC=32 ug/ml), B.anthracis (MIC=128 ug/ml), B.licheniformis (MIC>128 ug/ml) and L.lactis ATCC 11454 (MIC>128 ug/ml).


FUNCTION: Negatively regulates the structure and function of the limb apical ectodermal ridge. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


FUNCTION: The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. Has a role in chromosome segregation and is required for bir1 localization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GINS4/SLD5 family.


FUNCTION: May operate as a cation/H(+) antiporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 2 (CPA2) transporter (TC 2.A.37) family. CHX (TC 2.A.37.4) subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M50B family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for interleukin-12. This subunit is the signaling component coupling to the JAK2/STAT4 pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 2 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YjdM family.


FUNCTION: Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important positive role in viral symptom development and is required for viral multiplication and pathogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen.


FUNCTION: Ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family. 03 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Necessary to process the inactive microcin B17 (McbA) precursor into the active peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: To R.leguminosarum TfxB which is involved in the processing of trifolitoxin.


FUNCTION: Forms an icosahedral capsid with a T=7 symmetry and a 40 nm diameter. The capsid is composed of 72 pentamers linked to each other by disulfide bonds and associated with VP2 or VP3 proteins. Interacts with sialic acids on the cell surface to provide virion attachment to target cell. Once attached, the virion is internalized by endocytosis and traffics to the endoplasmic reticulum. Inside the endoplasmic reticulum, the protein folding machinery isomerizes VP1 interpentamer disulfide bonds, thereby triggering initial uncoating. Next, the virion uses the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation machinery to probably translocate in the cytosol before reaching the nucleus. Nuclear entry of the viral DNA involves the selective exposure and importin recognition of VP2/Vp3 nuclear localization signal. In late phase of infection, neo-synthesized VP1 encapsulates replicated genomic DNA in the nucleus, and participates in rearranging nucleosomes around the viral DNA. The viral progenies exit the cells by lytic release. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polyomaviruses coat protein VP1 family.


FUNCTION: Key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3- phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Essential for the maintenance of cellular ATP levels and carbohydrate metabolism (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0311 family.


FUNCTION: Probable vacuolar iron transporter that may be involved in the regulation of iron distribution throughout the plant. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCC1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of beta-ketoacyl-ACP substrates to beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP products, the first reductive step in the elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis (Probable). Is capable of reducing acetoacetyl-CoA, but less well than its paralog PhaB (PubMed:26358291). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription coregulator (PubMed:16824957). Required for asymmetric cell divisions of the T hypodermal cells, and cell fate determination, in concert with homeobox proteins nob-1 and ceh-20 (PubMed:16824957). Acts downstream of the Wnt signaling pathway, and of ceh-20 and nob-1 (PubMed:16824957). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Membrane-associated after cell stimulation leading to its translocation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PDPK1 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaG/PsaK family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits platelet aggregation induced by all agonists tested (ADP, arachidonic acid, the thromboxane A2 analog U46619, thrombin, and snake venom snaclecs (TMVA that activates platelet through GPIB, and stejnulxin that specifically acts through GPVI (GP6))) (By similarity). May act by competing with fibrinogen for binding to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (ITGA2B/ITGB3) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISP family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reductive dechlorination of chloroethene (or vinyl chloride, VC) to ethene (PubMed:15294827). Can also reduce all dichloroethene (DCE) isomers, but not tetrachloroethene (PCE) or trichloroethene (TCE), at high rates (PubMed:15294827). Reduced methyl viologen can act as the artificial electron donor (PubMed:15294827). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PceA family.


FUNCTION: Required for neurogenesis in the neural plate and retina. Strongly cooperates with neural bHLH factors to promote neurogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Nucleus Note=Nuclear localization is essential for its function in neurogenesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the vexin family.


FUNCTION: The soluble form (GHBP) acts as a reservoir of growth hormone in plasma and may be a modulator/inhibitor of GH signaling. FUNCTION: Receptor for pituitary gland growth hormone involved in regulating postnatal body growth. On ligand binding, couples to, and activates the JAK2/STAT5 pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Secreted. Membrane. Note=Mainly secreted. In adipose tissue, isoform 2 is mostly membrane associated. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Growth hormone-binding protein]: Secreted Note=Complexed to a substantial fraction of circulating GH. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Note=On growth hormone binding, GHR is ubiquitinated, internalized, down-regulated and transported into a degradative or non- degradative pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of biologically active 11beta- hydroxyglucocorticoids (11beta-hydroxysteroid) such as corticosterone, to inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids (11-oxosteroid) such as 11- dehydrocorticosterone, in the presence of NAD(+) (PubMed:7649078). Functions as a dehydrogenase (oxidase), thereby decreasing the concentration of active glucocorticoids, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids (PubMed:7649078, PubMed:34028587). Plays an important role in maintaining glucocorticoids balance during preimplantation and protects the fetus from excessive maternal corticosterone exposure (PubMed:34028587). Catalyzes the oxidation of 11beta- hydroxytestosterone (11beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one) to 11- ketotestosterone (17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,11-dione), a major bioactive androgen (By similarity). Catalyzes the conversion of 11beta- hydroxyandrostenedione (11beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione) to 11- ketoandrostenedione (androst-4-ene-3,11,17-trione), which can be further metabolized to 11-ketotestosterone (By similarity). Converts 7- beta-25-dihydroxycholesterol to 7-oxo-25-hydroxycholesterol in vitro (By similarity). 7-beta-25-dihydroxycholesterol (not 7-oxo-25- hydroxycholesterol) acts as ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 (EBI2) and may thereby regulate immune cell migration (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome Endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: A methylase, recognizes the double-stranded sequence 5'- CTCGAG-3', methylates A-5 on both strands, and protects the DNA from cleavage by the AbrI endonuclease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N(4)/N(6)-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: May modulate chromatin structure by regulation of nucleosome assembly/disassembly (By similarity). Homeodomain transcription factor that mediates jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated COI1-dependent and abscisic acid (ABA)-mediated PMR4-dependent resistance to infection by necrotrophic fungal pathogens (e.g. B.cinerea and P.cucumerina) and bacterial pathogens (e.g. P.syringae DC3000); this resistance involves at least callose deposition (PubMed:15923348, PubMed:20836879, PubMed:21564353). Required for the P.fluorescens WCS417r-triggered JA- dependent induced systemic resistance (ISR) against both P.syringae DC3000 and H.arabidopsidis (PubMed:20836879). Negative regulator of the ABA-dependent drought resistance (PubMed:19175769). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Enhances IgA secretion from B-cells stimulated via CD40. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post- translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2 (PubMed:30877278). DPH1 and DPH2 transfer a 3-amino-3- carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising DPH3 and a NADH-dependent reductase (By similarity). Acts as a tumor suppressor (PubMed:10519411). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Punctate, primarily perinuclear localization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DPH1/DPH2 family. DPH1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Actin-binding protein that regulates actin polymerization, filopodia dynamics and increases the branching of proximal dendrites of developing neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Cell projection, lamellipodium Nucleus Cell projection, growth cone Cell projection, dendrite Note=Localizes to somata and dendrites in cortical neurons (By similarity). Colocalizes with G- and F-actin in lamellipodia (By similarity). Colocalizes in the nucleus with PTK2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Cell projection, lamellipodium Nucleus Cell projection, growth cone Cell projection, dendrite Note=Localizes to somata and dendrites in cortical neurons (By similarity). Colocalizes with F- and G-actin in lamellipodia (By similarity). Colocalizes in the nucleus with PTK2 (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABITRAM family.


FUNCTION: Strongly chemotactic for B-lymphocytes, weakly for spleen monocytes and macrophages but no chemotactic activity for granulocytes. Binds to BLR1/CXCR5. May play a role in directing the migration of B- lymphocytes to follicles in secondary lymphoid organs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.


FUNCTION: Functions as a calcium- and DAG-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Rap through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. May also activate other GTPases such as RRAS, RRAS2, NRAS, KRAS but not HRAS. Functions in aggregation of platelets and adhesion of T-lymphocytes and neutrophils probably through inside-out integrin activation. May function in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1/CHRM1 signaling pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Synapse, synaptosome Cell projection, ruffle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Found both in the cytosol and associated with membranes. Isoform 2 mainly localizes to the cell membrane. Enriched at juxtamembrane areas and membrane ruffles through association with F- actin. Localizes to the cell bodies and axons of striatal neurons (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RASGRP family.


FUNCTION: Participates in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. May act to target the enzymatic subunit of this complex to sites of action such as the centrosome. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. Microtubule release from the mitotic spindle poles may allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the spindle pole, leading to poleward microtubule flux and poleward motion of chromosome. The function in regulating microtubule dynamics at spindle poles seems to depend on the association of the katanin KATNA1:KATNB1 complex with ASPM which recruits it to microtubules. Reversely KATNA1:KATNB1 can enhance ASPM blocking activity on microtubule minus-end growth. Microtubule release within the cell body of neurons may be required for their transport into neuronal processes by microtubule-dependent motor proteins. This transport is required for axonal growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. Localized to the interphase centrosome and mitotic spindle poles (By similarity). Localizes within the cytoplasm, partially overlapping with microtubules, in interphase and to the mitotic spindle and spindle poles during mitosis (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat KATNB1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae E3A-2 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 20 family.


FUNCTION: Regulates expression of the tsaMBCD1 operon and of tsaT in response to p-toluenesulfonate (TSA). Acts by binding directly to the promoter region. Binding to the tsa promoter depends on TSA concentration. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family.


FUNCTION: Part of the insoluble cornified cell envelope (CE) of stratified squamous epithelia. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Note=Constituent of the scaffolding of the cornified envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the involucrin family.


FUNCTION: Metabolizes sarcosine and L-pipecolic acid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MSOX/MTOX family.


FUNCTION: Escorts unspliced or incompletely spliced viral pre-mRNAs (late transcripts) out of the nucleus of infected cells. These pre- mRNAs carry a recognition sequence called Rev responsive element (RRE) located in the env gene, that is not present in fully spliced viral mRNAs (early transcripts). This function is essential since most viral proteins are translated from unspliced or partially spliced pre-mRNAs which cannot exit the nucleus by the pathway used by fully processed cellular mRNAs. Rev itself is translated from a fully spliced mRNA that readily exits the nucleus. Rev's nuclear localization signal (NLS) binds directly to KPNB1/Importin beta-1 without previous binding to KPNA1/Importin alpha-1. KPNB1 binds to the GDP bound form of RAN (Ran- GDP) and targets Rev to the nucleus. In the nucleus, the conversion from Ran-GDP to Ran-GTP dissociates Rev from KPNB1 and allows Rev's binding to the RRE in viral pre-mRNAs. Rev multimerization on the RRE via cooperative assembly exposes its nuclear export signal (NES) to the surface. Rev can then form a complex with XPO1/CRM1 and Ran-GTP, leading to nuclear export of the complex. Conversion from Ran-GTP to Ran-GDP mediates dissociation of the Rev/RRE/XPO1/RAN complex, so that Rev can return to the nucleus for a subsequent round of export. Beside KPNB1, also seems to interact with TNPO1/Transportin-1, RANBP5/IPO5 and IPO7/RANBP7 for nuclear import. The nucleoporin-like HRB/RIP is an essential cofactor that probably indirectly interacts with Rev to release HIV RNAs from the perinuclear region to the cytoplasm (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus, host nucleolus. Host cytoplasm. Note=The presence of both nuclear import and nuclear export signals leads to continuous shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein containing an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) that transduces activation signals from various immunoreceptors. As a component of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, mediates allergic inflammatory signaling in mast cells. As a constitutive component of interleukin-3 receptor complex, selectively mediates interleukin 4/IL4 production by basophils priming T-cells toward effector T-helper 2 subset. Associates with pattern recognition receptors CLEC4D and CLEC4E to form a functional signaling complex in myeloid cells. Binding of mycobacterial trehalose 6,6'- dimycolate (TDM) to this receptor complex leads to phosphorylation of ITAM, triggering activation of SYK, CARD9 and NF-kappa-B, consequently driving maturation of antigen-presenting cells and shaping antigen- specific priming of T-cells toward effector T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 cell subtypes. May function cooperatively with other activating receptors. Functionally linked to integrin beta-2/ITGB2-mediated neutrophil activation. Also involved in integrin alpha-2/ITGA2-mediated platelet activation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD3Z/FCER1G family.


FUNCTION: Pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins promote alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the peripheral air spaces. SP-B increases the collapse pressure of palmitic acid to nearly 70 millinewtons per meter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, surface film.


FUNCTION: This protein binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.


FUNCTION: Antizyme inhibitor (AZI) protein that positively regulates ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and polyamine uptake. AZI is an enzymatically inactive ODC homolog that counteracts the negative effect of ODC antizymes (AZs) OAZ1, OAZ2 and OAZ3 on ODC activity by competing with ODC for antizyme-binding. Inhibits antizyme-dependent ODC degradation and releases ODC monomers from their inactive complex with antizymes, leading to formation of the catalytically active ODC homodimer and restoring polyamine production. Participates in the morphological integrity of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and functions as a regulator of intracellular secretory vesicle trafficking. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Membrane Cytoplasmic vesicle Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network Golgi apparatus, trans- Golgi network Cytoplasmic granule Cell projection, axon Cell projection, dendrite Perikaryon Note=Colocalizes with KDEL receptors in ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Translocates from the ERGIC structure to the cytoplasm in a antizyme-dependent manner. Localizes with vesicle- associated membrane protein VAMP8 in the vicinity of the plasma membrane within serotonin-containing secretory granules. Detected as vesicle-like pattern in neurite outgrowths. Localizes to the vesicular compartments of the secretory pathway, predominantly in the trans-Golgi network (TGN) (By similarity). Localizes with vesicle-associated membrane protein VAMP8 in the vicinity of the plasma membrane within serotonin-containing secretory granules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. ODC antizyme inhibitor subfamily.


FUNCTION: May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. Acts as an accessory protein in conjunction with CAV1 in targeting to lipid rafts and driving caveolae formation. The Ser-36 phosphorylated form has a role in modulating mitosis in endothelial cells. Positive regulator of cellular mitogenesis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Required for the insulin-stimulated nuclear translocation and activation of MAPK1 and STAT3, and the subsequent regulation of cell cycle progression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Membrane, caveola; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Potential hairpin-like structure in the membrane. Membrane protein of caveolae. Tyr-19-phosphorylated form is enriched at sites of cell-cell contact and is translocated to the nucleus in complex with MAPK1 in response to insulin (By similarity). Tyr-27- phosphorylated form is located both in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane. CAV1-mediated Ser-23-phosphorylated form locates to the plasma membrane. Ser-36-phosphorylated form resides in intracellular compartments. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the caveolin family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ecpRABCDE operon, which encodes the E.coli common pilus (ECP). ECP is found in both commensal and pathogenic strains and plays a dual role in early-stage biofilm development and host cell recognition. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EcpC/MatD family.


FUNCTION: Per os infectivity factor that mediates the specific binding of occluded virions (ODV) to the host midgut target cells.


FUNCTION: Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: May act as an adapter to facilitate the interaction of SnRK1 complex with effector proteins, conferring tissue- and stimulus-type specific differences in the SnRK1 regulation pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Shuttles from the cytoplasm to the nucleus when associated with KIN10. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FLZ family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha- ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha- ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible reaction in which hydroxymethyl group from 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate is transferred onto alpha- ketoisovalerate to form ketopantoate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PanB family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PanB family.


FUNCTION: Anticoagulant plasma protein; it is a cofactor to activated protein C in the degradation of coagulation factors Va and VIIIa. It helps to prevent coagulation and stimulating fibrinolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes aryl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide (aryl-beta- GlcNAc), aryl-beta-GalNAc and chitin oligosaccharides. Can hydrolyze rapidly the artificial substrates p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D- glucosaminide (PNP-beta-GlcNAc) and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-GlcNAc, and is slightly active on p-nitrophenyl-beta-GalNAc. This enzyme is not processive, i.e. when it hydrolyzes (GlcNAc)n, both products, (Glc- NAc)n-1 and the terminal GlcNAc, are released before the enzyme attacks a second molecule of (GlcNAc)n or (GlcNAc)n-1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in intramitochondrial sorting of proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LpqB lipoprotein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of proline to tRNA(Pro) in a two- step reaction: proline is first activated by ATP to form Pro-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Pro). Can inadvertently accommodate and process cysteine. Misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro) is not edited by ProRS; this function may be provided by ProX. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. ProS type 3 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutamyl-tRNA reductase family.


FUNCTION: Neurotoxin. Causes spastic paralysis and death in mice by intracerebroventricular injection at dose levels of 3 ug per mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 37 family.


FUNCTION: Low-affinity glucose transporter. Can also transport xylose (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Partially associated with particulate fractions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA splicing. Helps to stabilize the U1 snRNP-5' splice site interaction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SWT21 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of glucose and galactose via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Catalyzes the reversible cleavage of 2-keto- 3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate (KDPG) and 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate (KDG) forming pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or glyceraldehyde, respectively. It is also able to catalyze the reversible cleavage of 2- keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate (KDPGal) and 2-keto-3- deoxygalactonate (KDGal). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DapA family. KDPG aldolase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ISY1 family.


FUNCTION: RNA binding protein that is required for normal cell division and cytokinesis during embryonic development (PubMed:19081077, PubMed:27689799). Functions with RNA-binding protein atx-2 to ensure embryonic cell division, and to this end, plays a role in the regulation of centrosome assembly, position and size, and in astral microtubule outgrowth and nucleation (PubMed:19081077, PubMed:27689799). Furthermore, negatively regulates the levels of the protein kinase zyg-1 at the centrosome (PubMed:19081077, PubMed:27689799). Also involved in ensuring centrosome attachment to the nuclear envelope (PubMed:19081077). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform f]: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Nucleus, nucleolus Chromosome Note=Co-localizes with sas-4 at centrioles. Localizes to nucleoli during interphase and to the surface of chromosomes during meiosis and mitosis. Localizes in puncta adjacent to the male pronucleus at the centrosome during meiosis. Localization at the centrosome peaks at prometaphase and metaphase, but then decreases and expression is at its most minimal during interphase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Co- localizes with atx-2 in the cytoplasm.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GORAB family.


FUNCTION: May bind to RNA via its Arg/Ser-rich domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=Colocalizes with SCNM1 and SNRNP70 in nuclear speckles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Luc7 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the little elongation complex (LEC), a complex required to regulate small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene transcription by RNA polymerase II and III. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Colocalizes with COIL in subnuclear Cajal and histone locus bodies. Translocates in the LEC complex to Cajal and histone locus bodies at snRNA genes in a ICE1- dependent manner. Associates to transcriptionally active chromatin at snRNA genes (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ICE2 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the MsrPQ system that repairs oxidized periplasmic proteins containing methionine sulfoxide residues (Met-O), using respiratory chain electrons. Thus protects these proteins from oxidative-stress damage caused by reactive species of oxygen and chlorine generated by the host defense mechanisms. MsrPQ is essential for the maintenance of envelope integrity under bleach stress, rescuing a wide series of structurally unrelated periplasmic proteins from methionine oxidation, including the primary periplasmic chaperone SurA and the lipoprotein Pal. MsrQ provides electrons for reduction to the reductase catalytic subunit MsrP, using the quinone pool of the respiratory chain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MsrQ family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic component of the RPD3 histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes RPD3C(L) and RPD3C(S) responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression, DNA damage response, osmotic stress response and developmental events. Is involved in rDNA and telomere silencing and in double strand breaks repair. Required for both full transcription repression and activation of many genes including cell type-specific genes (STE6, TY2 and HO), cell differentiation-specific genes (SPO13), genes that respond to external signals (PHO5) and TRK2. The RPD3 complexes regulate also chromosomal replication timing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the SOS system and an inhibitor of cell division. Accumulation of SulA causes rapid cessation of cell division and the appearance of long, non-septate filaments. In the presence of GTP, binds a polymerization-competent form of FtsZ in a 1:1 ratio, thus inhibiting FtsZ polymerization and therefore preventing it from participating in the assembly of the Z ring. This mechanism prevents the premature segregation of damaged DNA to daughter cells during cell division. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SulA family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl coenzyme A hydrolase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GARIN family.


FUNCTION: Component of the autophagy machinery that controls the major intracellular degradation process by which cytoplasmic materials are packaged into autophagosomes and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. Binds phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P), and other phosphoinositides including PtdIns(3,5)P2, forming on membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum upon activation of the upstream ULK1 and PI3 kinases and is recruited at phagophore assembly sites where it regulates the elongation of nascent phagophores downstream of WIPI2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Preautophagosomal structure Lysosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat PROPPIN family.


FUNCTION: Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I NDUFA1 subunit family.


FUNCTION: Seems to play a role in the correct specification of the left-right axis. May antagonize NODAL and BMP4 signaling. Cystine knot- containing proteins play important roles during development, organogenesis, and tissue growth and differentiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DAN family.


SIMILARITY: To E.coli YhcB.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat G protein beta family.


FUNCTION: Through the carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) it forms oxaloacetate, a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PEPCase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Binds to sigma F and blocks its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma F). Phosphorylates SpoIIAA on a serine residue. This phosphorylation may enable SpoIIAA to act as an anti- anti-sigma factor that counteracts SpoIIAB and thus releases sigma F from inhibition. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anti-sigma-factor family.


FUNCTION: Cell adhesion protein (PubMed:15035988). Involved in synapse formation in the HSNL egg-laying motor neuron (PubMed:12628183, PubMed:15035988, PubMed:21858180, PubMed:24485456). Inhibits assembly of the SCF(sel-10) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex at synapses, and protects them from elimination (PubMed:17626846). Also required for F- actin assembly at the synaptic region and for axon branch formation (PubMed:24439377). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell projection, axon Synapse. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily.


FUNCTION: Protease inhibitor that may play a role in the regulation of protease activities during hematopoiesis and apoptosis induced by TNF. May regulate protease activities in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family. Ov-serpin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of D-threonate to D-threonate 4-phosphate. Can also phosphorylate 4-hydroxy-L-threonine, with lower efficiency. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the four-carbon acid sugar kinase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its interaction with PPP1R13B/ASPP1 or TP53BP2/ASPP2 (By similarity). However, this activity is inhibited when the interaction with PPP1R13B/ASPP1 or TP53BP2/ASPP2 is displaced by PPP1R13L/iASPP (By similarity). In cooperation with mitochondrial PPIF is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis; the function is largely independent of transcription. Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. Induces the transcription of long intergenic non- coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seems to have an effect on cell-cycle regulation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing CLOCK-BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activation of PER2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus, PML body Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion matrix Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Interaction with BANP promotes nuclear localization. Recruited into PML bodies together with CHEK2. Translocates to mitochondria upon oxidative stress. Translocates to mitochondria in response to mitomycin C treatment (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the p53 family.


FUNCTION: The envelope glycoprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface. FUNCTION: Surface protein gp120 (SU) may target the virus to gut- associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) by binding host ITGA4/ITGB7 (alpha- 4/beta-7 integrins), a complex that mediates T-cell migration to the GALT. Interaction between gp120 and ITGA4/ITGB7 would allow the virus to enter GALT early in the infection, infecting and killing most of GALT's resting CD4+ T-cells. This T-cell depletion is believed to be the major insult to the host immune system leading to AIDS (By similarity). FUNCTION: The surface protein gp120 is a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. These interactions allow capture of viral particles at mucosal surfaces by these cells and subsequent transmission to permissive cells. DCs are professional antigen presenting cells, critical for host immunity by inducing specific immune responses against a broad variety of pathogens. They act as sentinels in various tissues where they take up antigen, process it, and present it to T-cells following migration to lymphoid organs. SIV subverts the migration properties of dendritic cells to gain access to CD4+ T-cells in lymph nodes. Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. In trans infection, bound virions remain infectious over days and it is proposed that they are not degraded, but protected in non-lysosomal acidic organelles within the DCs close to the cell membrane thus contributing to the viral infectious potential during DCs' migration from the periphery to the lymphoid tissues. On arrival at lymphoid tissues, intact virions recycle back to DCs' cell surface allowing virus transmission to CD4+ T-cells. Virion capture also seems to lead to MHC-II-restricted viral antigen presentation, and probably to the activation of SIV-specific CD4+ cells (By similarity). FUNCTION: The surface protein gp120 (SU) attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine coreceptor like CCR5. This peculiar 2 stage receptor-interaction strategy allows gp120 to maintain the highly conserved coreceptor-binding site in a cryptic conformation, protected from neutralizing antibodies. These changes are transmitted to the transmembrane protein gp41 and are thought to activate its fusogenic potential by unmasking its fusion peptide (By similarity). FUNCTION: The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl- ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. This transcytotic vesicle-mediated transport of virions from the apical side to the basolateral side of the epithelial cells does not involve infection of the cells themselves (By similarity). FUNCTION: The transmembrane protein gp41 (TM) acts as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of viral and target intracellular membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Complete fusion occurs in host cell endosomes. The virus undergoes clathrin- dependent internalization long before endosomal fusion, thus minimizing the surface exposure of conserved viral epitopes during fusion and reducing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these epitopes. Membranes fusion leads to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Surface protein gp120]: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=The surface protein is not anchored to the viral envelope, but associates with the extravirion surface through its binding to TM. It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Transmembrane protein gp41]: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag.


FUNCTION: Blocks potassium channels. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 20 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Necessary for early peroxisomal biogenesis. Acts both as a cytosolic chaperone and as an import receptor for peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). Binds and stabilizes newly synthesized PMPs in the cytoplasm by interacting with their hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains, and targets them to the peroxisome membrane by binding to the integral membrane protein PEX3. Excludes CDKN2A from the nucleus and prevents its interaction with MDM2, which results in active degradation of TP53. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Peroxisome membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Note=Mainly cytoplasmic. Some fraction is membrane-associated to the outer surface of peroxisomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxin-19 family.


FUNCTION: PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group II subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP- as well as probably the pyrophosphate- dependent phosphorylation of 'Ser-46' in HPr, a phosphocarrier protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). HprK/P also catalyzes the pyrophosphate-producing, inorganic phosphate-dependent dephosphorylation (phosphorolysis) of seryl- phosphorylated HPr (P-Ser-HPr). The two antagonistic activities of HprK/P are regulated by several intracellular metabolites, which change their concentration in response to the absence or presence of rapidly metabolisable carbon sources (glucose, fructose, etc.) in the growth medium. Therefore, by controlling the phosphorylation state of HPr, the HPrK/P is a sensor enzyme that plays a major role in the regulation of carbon metabolism and sugar transport: it probably mediates carbon catabolite repression (CCR), and regulates PTS-catalyzed carbohydrate uptake and inducer exclusion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HPrK/P family.


FUNCTION: Has dehydrogenase activity against 11 beta-hydroxysteroid and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid. May be involved in signal transduction regulated by various sterols. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lipid droplet Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Note=Surface of oil bodies. Exists at a monolayer lipid/water interface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family.


FUNCTION: Heme chaperone required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Transiently binds heme delivered by CcmC and transfers the heme to apo-cytochromes in a process facilitated by CcmF and CcmH (By similarity). Also required for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CcmE/CycJ family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a coactivator of transcriptional activity. Required to increase TGFB1/Smad-mediated transactivation. Acts through SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 to increase transcriptional activity. Increases phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 on their C-terminal SSXS motif, possibly through recruitment of TGFBR1. Promotes the nuclear accumulation of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins (PubMed:26347403). Binds to poly(A) RNA (PubMed:17099224, PubMed:26347403). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, P-body Note=Translocates into cytoplasmic stress granules that probably correspond to P-bodies in response to oxidative stress.


FUNCTION: Symporter that cotransports neutral amino acids and sodium ions from the extraccellular to the intracellular side of the cell membrane (PubMed:34406367). The trasnport is pH-sensitive, Li(+)- intolerant, electrogenic, driven by the Na(+) electrochemical gradient and cotransports of neutral amino acids and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May function in the transport of amino acids at the blood-brain barrier (By similarity). May function in the transport of amino acids in the supply of maternal nutrients to the fetus through the placenta (PubMed:16365304). Maintains a key metabolic glutamine/glutamate balance underpinning retrograde signaling by dendritic release of the neurotransmitter glutamate (By similarity). Transports L-proline in differentiating osteoblasts for the efficient synthesis of proline-enriched proteins and provides proline essential for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation during bone development (PubMed:34406367). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Insulin promotes recruitment to the plasma membrane from a pool localized in the trans-Golgi network or endosomes (PubMed:17050538). Enriched in the somatodendritic compartment of neurons, it is also detected at the axonal shaft but excluded from the nerve terminal (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family.


FUNCTION: Interacts genetically with prohibitins and thus may be involved in the mitochondrial lipid metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. GEP3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds to and modulates brain Na,K-ATPase subunits ATP1B1 and ATP1B3 and may thereby participate in the regulation of electrical excitability and synaptic transmission. May not display kinase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Also associates with the plasma membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for the association between the dense viroplasm and the viral membranes to form the mature virion (MV). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG157 family.


FUNCTION: NAD-dependent protein deacylase. Catalyzes the NAD-dependent hydrolysis of acyl groups from lysine residues. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Membrane-anchoring subunit of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Regulates the transcription of several operons and genes involved in the biogenesis of Fe-S clusters and Fe-S-containing proteins.


FUNCTION: Acts as a zinc-influx transporter. When associated with SLC39A10, the heterodimer formed by SLC39A10 and SLC39A6 mediates cellular zinc uptake to trigger cells to undergo epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition (EMT). SLC39A10-SLC39A6 heterodimers play also an essentiel role in initiating mitosis by importing zinc into cells to initiate a pathway resulting in the onset of mitosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TIGR03089 family.


FUNCTION: Facilitates protein transport into the nucleus. Could be part of a multicomponent system of cytosolic factors that assemble at the pore complex during nuclear import (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Sulfotransferase that catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to the position 2 of uronyl residues. Has mainly activity toward iduronyl residues in dermatan sulfate, and weaker activity toward glucuronyl residues of chondroitin sulfate. Has no activity toward desulfated N- resulfated heparin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfotransferase 3 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding protein that accumulates at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) following DNA damage and promotes DNA resection and homologous recombination (PubMed:29042561). Serves as a sensor of DNA damage: binds DNA with a strong preference for DNA substrates that mimic structures generated at stalled replication forks, and anchors RBBP8/CtIP to DSB sites to promote DNA end resection and ensuing homologous recombination repair (PubMed:29042561). Inhibits non- homologous end joining (NHEJ) (PubMed:29042561). Required for the dynamic movement of AURKA at the centrosomes and spindle apparatus during the cell cycle (PubMed:20596670). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Note=Accumulates at sites of DNA damage by binding to DNA substrates that mimick structures generated at stalled replication forks (PubMed:29042561). Localizes to the centrosome in interphase and to the spindle pole in metaphase (PubMed:20596670). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AUNIP family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion inner membrane. Note=Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to substrates with a terminal glycosyl residue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.


FUNCTION: F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments. May play a role in the morphogenesis of spermatid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits mesoderm-dorsalizing activity and neural-inducing activity, but lacks mesoderm-inducing activity. Regulates the expression of specific mesodermal and neural genes. Induces convergent extension movements at the embryonic midline by activating the fgf signaling pathway to induce t/bra expression in the organizer region. Acts with wnt11 to induce Spemann organizer cells and induce axis formation (By similarity). The unprocessed protein antagonizes bmp- signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


FUNCTION: Associates with IL31RA to form the IL31 receptor. Binds IL31 to activate STAT3 and possibly STAT1 and STAT5. Capable of transducing OSM-specific signaling events. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Probable N-acetyltransferase.


FUNCTION: Bacterial hemolysins are exotoxins that attack blood cell membranes and cause cell rupture by mechanisms not clearly defined. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TDH hemolysin family.


FUNCTION: P-II indirectly controls the transcription of the glutamine synthetase gene (glnA). P-II prevents NR-II-catalyzed conversion of NR- I to NR-I-phosphate, the transcriptional activator of glnA. When P-II is uridylylated to P-II-UMP, these events are reversed. When the ratio of Gln to 2-ketoglutarate decreases, P-II is uridylylated to P-II-UMP, which causes the deadenylation of glutamine synthetase, so activating the enzyme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the P(II) protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization of trans-2-decenoyl-ACP to cis-3- decenoyl-ACP (By similarity). Required for survival at low pH. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Serine hydrolase required for the maintenance of steady state level of non-polar and polar lipids of lipid droplets and thus plays a role in maintaining the lipids homeostasis (PubMed:21478434). Exhibits both esterase and triacylglycerol lipase activity (PubMed:21478434). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lipid droplet. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Unlike the other SLC37 members, lacks glucose-6-phosphate antiporter activity. In osteoclasts, forms a transporter complex with ATRAID for nitrogen-containg-bisphophonates (N-BPs) required for releasing N-BP molecules that have trafficked to lysosomes through fluid-phase endocytosis into the cytosol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial carrier mediating the transport of coenzyme A (CoA) in mitochondria in exchange for intramitochondrial (deoxy)adenine nucleotides and adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Thyroid hormone-binding protein. Probably transports thyroxine from the bloodstream to the brain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transthyretin family.


FUNCTION: Binds GDP/GTP and may possess intrinsic GTPase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.


FUNCTION: Plasma membrane osmosensor that activates the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) MAPK signaling pathway in response to high osmolarity. Mediates resistance to oxidative stress. Controls the activation of the CEK1 MAP kinase. Influences the molecular weight and polymer distribution of cell wall mannan. Involved in invasive filamentation into semi-solid medium and plays a role in morphological dimorphic transition which is a differentiation program characteristic of C.albicans and which is known to play a major role in pathogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHO1 family.


FUNCTION: One of the multiple factors required for polyadenylation and 3'-end cleavage of mammalian pre-mRNAs. This subunit is directly involved in the binding to pre-mRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Localized with DDX1 in cleavage bodies.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of cell division. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Secreted, extracellular space Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EXORDIUM family.


FUNCTION: Probable subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid-beta precursor protein). It probably represents a stabilizing cofactor for the presenilin homodimer that promotes the formation of a stable complex. Probably present in a minority of gamma-secretase complexes compared to APH1A (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the APH-1 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane. mS41 is involved in telomere length regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS41 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). May also be involved in the assembly of the 'E' complex. SF3B4 has been found in complex 'B' and 'C' as well (PubMed:10882114). As a component of the minor spliceosome, involved in the splicing of U12-type introns in pre-mRNAs (PubMed:15146077). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SF3B4 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of specific anti-sigma factors. Responsible for Site-1 cleavage of the RsiW anti-sigma factor. This results, after two other proteolytic steps catalyzed by the RasP and ClpXP proteases, in the release of SigW and the transcription activation of the genes under the control of the sigma-W factor (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease PrsW family.


FUNCTION: Methylates the class 1 translation termination release factors RF1/PrfA and RF2/PrfB on the glutamine residue of the universally conserved GGQ motif. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein N5-glutamine methyltransferase family. PrmC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Outer dense fibers are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail. May help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Expressed in the cytoplasmic lobe of spermatids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ODF3 family.