FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that may regulate the expression of the loline biosynthesis cluster 1, one of the 2 clusters involved in the biosynthesis of loline alkaloids, potent insecticidal agents composed of a pyrrolizidine ring system and an uncommon ether bridge linking carbons 2 and 7 (PubMed:15654104). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Chloroplast-localized elongation factor EF-G involved in protein synthesis in plastids. Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post- translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl- tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Histone deacetylase that catalyzes the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), and some other non-histone substrates. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Participates in the BCL6 transcriptional repressor activity by deacetylating the H3 'Lys-27' (H3K27) on enhancer elements, antagonizing EP300 acetyltransferase activity and repressing proximal gene expression. Also functions as deacetylase for non-histone targets. In addition to protein deacetylase activity, also acts as protein-lysine deacylase by recognizing other acyl groups: catalyzes removal of (2E)-butenoyl (crotonyl) and 2-hydroxyisobutanoyl (2- hydroxyisobutyryl) acyl groups from lysine residues, leading to protein decrotonylation and de-2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, respectively. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: To B.subtilis YqcK.


FUNCTION: Part of a complex involved in 'Lys-4' histone H3 methylation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat WDR5/wds family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the radical-mediated synthesis of 7,8-didemethyl-8- hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin from 5-amino-5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-6-(D- ribitylimino)-5,6-dihydrouracil. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. CofG family.


FUNCTION: Serves to protect the cell against DNA damage by alkyl hydroperoxides. It can use either NADH or NADPH as electron donor for direct reduction of redox dyes or of alkyl hydroperoxides when combined with the AhpC protein (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Plant lipoxygenase may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. It catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipoxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the proteasome core, a large protease complex with broad specificity involved in protein degradation. The M.jannaschii proteasome is able to cleave oligopeptides after Glu, Asp, Tyr, Phe, Trp, slightly after Arg, but not after Ala. Thus, displays caspase-like and chymotrypsin-like activities and low level of trypsin- like activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase T1B family.


FUNCTION: Component of the purine nucleotide cycle (PNC), which interconverts IMP and AMP to regulate the nucleotide levels in various tissues, and which contributes to glycolysis and ammoniagenesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Shows phosphodiesterase activity, hydrolyzing phosphodiester bond in the artificial chromogenic substrate bis-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (bis-pNPP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily.


FUNCTION: AMP deaminase plays a critical role in energy metabolism. Catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP and plays an important role in the purine nucleotide cycle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0540 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family.


FUNCTION: Reductase involved in lignan biosynthesis. Catalyzes the enantioselective conversion of (+)-pinoresinol into (+)-lariciresinol and of (+)-lariciresinol into (-)-secoisolariciresinol. Abstracts the 4R-hydride from the NADPH cofactor during catalysis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family. Isoflavone reductase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanosine, producing xanthosine and ammonia. Deaminates exclusively guanosine and 2'- deoxyguanosine but no other aminated purines, pyrimidines, or pterines. Deamination of guanosine by GSDA is the only source of xanthosine production in Arabidopsis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Localizes predominantly to the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of the isocyclic ring in chlorophyll biosynthesis. Mediates the cyclase reaction, which results in the formation of divinylprotochlorophyllide (Pchlide) characteristic of all chlorophylls from magnesium-protoporphyrin IX 13-monomethyl ester (MgPMME). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AcsF family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0114 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0114 family.


FUNCTION: Chemokine, which displays chemotactic activity for T lymphocytes, preferentially Th2 cells, but not monocytes or granulocytes. Therefore plays an important role in a wide range of inflammatory and immunological processes. Acts by binding to CCR4 at T- cell surface. Mediates GM-CSF/CSF2-driven pain and inflammation (By similarity). In the brain, required to maintain the typical, highly branched morphology of hippocampal microglia under homeostatic conditions. May be important for the appropriate adaptation of microglial morphology and synaptic plasticity to acute lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation. Plays a role in wound healing, mainly by inducing fibroblast migration into the wound (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNAJC25 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex, that catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2).


FUNCTION: This protein is a component of ribonucleosomes. Could be needed to organize a concentration gradient of a dorsalizing morphogen (Dm) originating in the germinal vesicle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Nuclear and/or cytoplasmic.


FUNCTION: Required for the insertion and/or proper folding and/or complex formation of integral membrane proteins into the membrane. Involved in integration of membrane proteins that insert both dependently and independently of the Sec translocase complex, as well as at least some lipoproteins (By similarity). Partially complements an E.coli yidC depletion experiment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Flavoenzyme involved in polyamine back-conversion (PubMed:18583528, PubMed:20532512, PubMed:21081665). Catalyzes the oxidation of the secondary amino group of polyamines, such as spermine, spermidine and their acetyl derivatives (PubMed:18583528, PubMed:20532512, PubMed:21081665). Substrate preference is spermidine > spermine > N(1)-acetylspermidine > N(1)-acetylspermine (PubMed:18583528). Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration (Probable). Involved in the production of hydrogen peroxide during pollen tube growth (PubMed:20626657). Hydrogen peroxide triggers the opening of the hyperpolarization-activated calcium permeable channels in pollen, and thus regulates pollen tube growth (PubMed:20626657). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family.


FUNCTION: ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in the biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits and is required for the normal formation of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs. Required for the maintenance of dsRNA killer plasmid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX24/MAK5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor involved in epidermis differentiation. Required for terminal epidermal differentiation: acts downstream of p63/TP63 and activates expression of late epidermal differentiation genes. Specifically binds to the promoter of KLF4 and promotes its expression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of iminoaspartate with dihydroxyacetone phosphate to form quinolinate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the quinolinate synthase family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. May also function as a storage protein or ligandin for parasitotoxic ferriprotoporphyrin IX (hemin). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the BRCA1-A complex, a complex that specifically recognizes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitinated histones H2A and H2AX at DNA lesions sites, leading to target the BRCA1-BARD1 heterodimer to sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs). The BRCA1-A complex also possesses deubiquitinase activity that specifically removes 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitin on histones H2A and H2AX. In the BRCA1-A complex, it is required for the complex integrity and its localization at DSBs. Component of the BRISC complex, a multiprotein complex that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin in various substrates. In these 2 complexes, it is probably required to maintain the stability of babam2 and help the 'Lys-63'-linked deubiquitinase activity mediated by brcc3/brcc36 component. The BRISC complex is required for normal mitotic spindle assembly and microtubule attachment to kinetochores via its role in deubiquitinating numa1. Plays a role in interferon signaling via its role in the deubiquitination of the interferon receptor ifnar1; deubiquitination increases ifnar1 activity by enhancing its stability and cell surface expression. Down-regulates the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) via its role in ifnar1 deubiquitination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Localizes at sites of DNA damage at double-strand breaks (DSBs). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BABAM1 family.


FUNCTION: May be a nuclear regulatory protein that is stored in the germinal vesicle for use during early embryogenesis and may play a role in the synthesis or processing of pre-mRNA during oogenesis. Binds 3 Zn(2+) ions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. Note=Lampbrush chromosome loops and in some nucleoplasmic particles of the germinal vesicle.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae ICP22 family.


FUNCTION: Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity (By similarity). In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides (By similarity). In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption (By similarity). Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways (By similarity). May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up- regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells. Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38 (By similarity). In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses (By similarity). Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up- regulation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leptin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bond in chlorophyll to yield chlorophyllide and phytol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: May play a structural or regulatory role in gas vesicle synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Gas vesicle.


FUNCTION: Brassicaceae-specific phytocytokine (plant endogenous peptide released into the apoplast) perceived by MIK2 in a BAK1/SERK3 and SERK4 coreceptors-dependent manner, that modulates various physiological and antimicrobial processes including growth prevention and reactive oxygen species (ROS) response regulation (PubMed:33514716, PubMed:34535661). Inhibits root growth and regulates root meristems (PubMed:34535661). Promotes ROS production and MAPK (e.g. MPK3, MPK4 and MPK6) activation in a MIK2-dependent manner, thus leading to the up-regulation of immune-related marker genes (e.g. WRKY30, WRKY33 and CYP81F2) (PubMed:34535661). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Note=The precursor of SCOOP10, PROSCOOP10, accumulates at the plasma membrane and is proteolytically cleaved to release the SCOOP10 in the apoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serine rich endogenous peptide (SCOOP) phytocytokine family.


FUNCTION: Contributes to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates CTNNB1-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes, such as CCND1, and may thereby act as tumor suppressor. May be involved in dendritic cell and neuron differentiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cell projection, growth cone Note=In neurons, seems to concentrate at axonal growth cone. Perinuclear in neurons (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NDRG family.


FUNCTION: The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion (By similarity). Plays a role in autophagic vacuole assembly, and mediates defense against pathogens, such as S.aureus, by promoting their capture by autophagosomes that then merge with lysosomes (By similarity). Together with SUFU, prevents nuclear import of GLI1, and thereby inhibits GLI1 transcription factor activity. Regulates GLI1 in differentiating chondrocytes. Likewise, regulates GLI3 proteolytic processing and modulates GLI2 and GLI3 transcription factor activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasm Endosome membrane Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Note=Recruited to phagosomes containing S.aureus or Mycobacterium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Insect active toxin causing rapid but reversible paralysis in crickets. No activity shown in mammals. Does not show effect on mammalian voltage-gated calcium channels (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 01 (U2-agtx) family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-A[AT]T[AG]TTTGTTT-3' and acts as a transcriptional repressor. Also acts as a transcriptional activator (By similarity). Negatively regulates transcription of transcriptional repressor Rhit/Zfp13 (By similarity). Promotes development of neural crest cells from neural tube progenitors. Restricts neural progenitor cells to the neural crest lineage while suppressing interneuron differentiation. Required for maintenance of pluripotent cells in the pre-implantation and peri-implantation stages of embryogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Binds to site 3 of voltage-gated sodium channels and inhibits the inactivation process. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Nematocyst. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sea anemone sodium channel inhibitory toxin family. Type II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the dark-operative protochlorophyllide reductase (DPOR) that uses Mg-ATP and reduced ferredoxin to reduce ring D of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to form chlorophyllide a (Chlide). This reaction is light-independent. The NB-protein (ChlN-ChlB) is the catalytic component of the complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ChlB/BchB/BchZ family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the irreversible transfer of a propylamine group from the amino donor S-adenosylmethioninamine (decarboxy-AdoMet) to putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) to yield spermidine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.


FUNCTION: Small GTPase required for proper nuclear import of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). May act at an RNAP assembly step prior to nuclear import. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GPN-loop GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Facilitative glucose transporter that can also mediate the uptake of various other monosaccharides across the cell membrane. Mediates the uptake of glucose, 2-deoxyglucose, galactose, mannose, xylose and fucose, and probably also dehydroascorbate. Does not mediate fructose transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Perikaryon Cell projection Note=Localized to densely spaced patches along neuronal processes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily.


FUNCTION: May function as calcium sensor and modulator, contributing to cellular calcium signaling. May function by interacting with other proteins, such as TPR-containing proteins, and indirectly play a role in many physiological processes such as the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in cell motility. Binds 2 calcium ions. Calcium binding is cooperative (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus envelope Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the S-100 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), a dynamic component of the ribosomal exit tunnel, protecting the emerging polypeptides from interaction with other cytoplasmic proteins to ensure appropriate nascent protein targeting. The NAC complex also promotes mitochondrial protein import by enhancing productive ribosome interactions with the outer mitochondrial membrane and blocks the inappropriate interaction of ribosomes translating non-secretory nascent polypeptides with translocation sites in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. EGD1 may act as a transcription factor that exert a negative effect on the expression of several genes that are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic, may also transiently localize to the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAC-beta family.


FUNCTION: Probable gustatory receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family. Gr93a subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has chemotactic activity for neutrophils. Contributes to neutrophil activation during inflammation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in electron transfer.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor required for the expression of a subset of genes involved in interneurons migration and development. Functions in the specification of cortical interneuron subtypes and in the migration of GABAergic interneuron precursors from the subpallium to the cerebral cortex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Could be part of an electron transfer system required for anaerobic carnitine reduction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ETF-QO/FixC family.


FUNCTION: VP4 self-assembles to form, together with capsid protein VP10, an icosahedral caspid of 87 nm in diameter, with a T=43 symmetry and composed of 420 hexamers and 12 pentamers (PubMed:31636205). VP4 proteins arrange into hexons, while VP10 proteins form the pentameric densities located at the 5-fold axes in the virion (PubMed:31636205). The stoichiometry of VP4:VP10 is 42:1 (PubMed:31636205). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion.


FUNCTION: Transforms N(2)-succinylglutamate into succinate and glutamate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AspA/AstE family. Succinylglutamate desuccinylase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the addition of L-lysine to the nucleotide precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate (UMAG) in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MurCDEF family. MurE subfamily.


FUNCTION: Functions in complex with FlhC as a master transcriptional regulator that regulates transcription of several flagellar and non- flagellar operons by binding to their promoter region. Activates expression of class 2 flagellar genes, including fliA, which is a flagellum-specific sigma factor that turns on the class 3 genes. Also regulates genes whose products function in a variety of physiological pathways. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FlhD family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDP- diacylglycerol (CDP-DAG), an essential intermediate in the synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol, cardiolipin and phosphatidylinositol (By similarity). Exhibits specificity for the nature of the acyl chains at the sn-1 and sn-2 positions in the substrate, PA and the preferred acyl chain composition is 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-phosphatidic acid (By similarity). Plays an important role in regulating the growth and maturation of lipid droplets which are storage organelles at the center of lipid and energy homeostasis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CDS family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Inhibits myogenesis by sequestrating E proteins, inhibiting trans-activation by MEF2, and inhibiting DNA-binding by MYOD1 through physical interaction. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins. Also represses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Regulates cranial suture patterning and fusion. Activates transcription as a heterodimer with E proteins. Regulates gene expression differentially, depending on dimer composition. Homodimers induce expression of FGFR2 and POSTN while heterodimers repress FGFR2 and POSTN expression and induce THBS1 expression. Heterodimerization is also required for osteoblast differentiation. Represses the activity of the circadian transcriptional activator: NPAS2-BMAL1 heterodimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0262 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a suppressor of RNA-mediated gene silencing, also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a mechanism of plant viral defense that limits the accumulation of viral RNAs. Suppresses the host RNA silencing by inhibiting adenosine kinase 2 (ADK2), a kinase involved in a general methylation pathway. Also suppresses the host basal defense by interacting with and inhibiting SNF1 kinase, a key regulator of cell metabolism implicated in innate antiviral defense. Determines pathogenicity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the geminiviridae transcriptional activator protein family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPATA6 family.


FUNCTION: This protein may act as an activator of P2 late transcription through an interaction with the alpha-subunit of the host RNA polymerase.


FUNCTION: Probably participates in neurogenesis. Could play a role in regulating gene activity in the proliferative and/or differentiative pathways induced by NGF. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Nucleus Note=Presents a NGF-dependent pattern of intracellular localization. With increasing amounts of NGF and besides being expressed in the cytoplasm, it is also localized in the plasma membrane (inner side) at the onset of NGF-induced differentiation, from where it disappears to reappear in the nuclei of differentiated cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IFRD family.


FUNCTION: LuxC is the fatty acid reductase enzyme responsible for synthesis of the aldehyde substrate for the luminescent reaction catalyzed by luciferase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LuxC family.


FUNCTION: Regulates secA expression by translational coupling of the secM secA operon. Translational pausing at a specific Pro residue 5 residues before the end of the protein may allow disruption of a mRNA repressor helix that normally suppresses secA translation initiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Periplasm Note=The active form is cytosolic, while the periplasmic form is rapidly degraded, mainly by the tail-specific protease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SecM family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of allantoin and glyoxylate utilization operons. Binds to the gcl promoter and to the allS-allA intergenic region (By similarity).


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ELIP/psbS family.


FUNCTION: Probable cell membrane receptor for the IGF-like family proteins. Binds IGFL1 and IGFL3 with a higher affinity. May also bind IGFL2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: This is a seed storage protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 11S seed storage protein (globulins) family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase that converts L- glutamate into alpha-ketoglutarate (PubMed:20670938). Plays a key role in glutamine anaplerosis by producing alpha-ketoglutarate, an important intermediate in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (By similarity). Plays a role in insulin homeostasis (PubMed:16959573). May be involved in learning and memory reactions by increasing the turnover of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Mostly translocates into the mitochondria, only a small amount of the protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. Plays a role in the assembly and function of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Mutations in this protein affects the control of translational fidelity. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA and ribosome assembly. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.


FUNCTION: Sulfate transporter which mediates sulfate uptake into chondrocytes in order to maintain adequate sulfation of proteoglycans which is needed for cartilage development (PubMed:24302720). Mediates electroneutral anion exchange of sulfate ions for oxalate ions, sulfate and oxalate ions for chloride and/or hydroxyl ions and chloride ions for bromide, iodide and nitrate ions (PubMed:20219950, PubMed:22190686, PubMed:24302720). The coupling of sulfate transport to both hydroxyl and chloride ions likely serves to ensure transport at both acidic pH when most sulfate uptake is mediated by sulfate-hydroxide exchange and alkaline pH when most sulfate uptake is mediated by sulfate-chloride exchange (PubMed:22190686). Essential for chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation and cell size expansion (PubMed:24302720). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.


FUNCTION: Serine protease inhibitor. This peptide can inhibit, in-vivo, acrosin and, to a lower level, plasma kallikrein. It probably plays a role in Drosophila reproduction.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.


FUNCTION: [Minor capsid readthrough protein]: Minor component of the viral capsid involved in aphid transmission and virus accumulation in the host (PubMed:7882968, PubMed:20416918, PubMed:26402374, PubMed:10627524). Required for the virus to move through the aphid (By similarity). The RTD domain of the protein is exposed on the surface of the particle and determines the vector specificity and intestinal tropism in the aphid (PubMed:7882968). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Minor capsid readthrough protein]: Virion Host cell junction, host plasmodesma Host periplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Cleaved product]: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the luteoviruses readthrough protein family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for plasminogen. Regulates urokinase plasminogen activator-dependent and stimulates tissue-type plasminogen activator- dependent cell surface plasminogen activation. Proposed to be part of a local catecholaminergic cell plasminogen activation system that regulates neuroendocrine prohormone processing. Involved in regulation of inflammatory response; regulates monocyte chemotactic migration and matrix metalloproteinase activation, such as of MMP2 and MMP9. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Colocalizes on the cell surface with urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor/Plaur.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 35 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the transport of PQQ or its precursor to the periplasm, in association with PQQ biosynthesis, but is not absolutely required for this synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PqqB family.


FUNCTION: Microtubule-associated force-producing protein that is targeted to the tubulo-vesicular network of the forming cell plate during cytokinesis. Also plays a major role in plasma membrane maintenance and cell wall integrity with an implication in vesicular trafficking, polar cell expansion, and other aspects of plant growth and development. Has a GTPase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, phragmoplast. Note=Microtubule-associated and localized in the forming cell plate during cytokinesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.


FUNCTION: Essential subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch (glp-1 or lin-12). It may represent a stabilizing cofactor for the presenilin homodimer that promotes the formation of a stable complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Predominantly located in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PEN-2 family.


FUNCTION: Together with SLM1, effector of the TORC2- and calcineurin- signaling pathways. Phosphorylated and activated by TORC2 under favorable growth conditions. Mediates actin polarization via inhibition of calcineurin-dependent transcription. Upon nutrient limitation or environmental stress, gets dephosphorylated by calcineurin, inhibiting interaction with TORC2, thereby antagonizing TORC2 signaling and mediating calcineurin-dependent actin depolarization. Also functions in heat-induced, calcineurin-mediated uracil permease (FUR4) endocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.


FUNCTION: Component of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex (NAC), a dynamic component of the ribosomal exit tunnel, protecting the emerging polypeptides from interaction with other cytoplasmic proteins to ensure appropriate nascent protein targeting. The NAC complex also promotes mitochondrial protein import by enhancing productive ribosome interactions with the outer mitochondrial membrane and blocks the inappropriate interaction of ribosomes translating non-secretory nascent polypeptides with translocation sites in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. EGD2 may also be involved in transcription regulation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic, may also transiently localize to the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAC-alpha family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. SDR65C subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of trans-3-hydroxy-L-proline (t3LHyp) to Delta(1)-pyrroline-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C) (By similarity). Does not possess neither proline racemase nor 4-hydroxyproline 2- epimerase activities (PubMed:17849014). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the proline racemase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in autophagy. TMEM74-induced autophagy may involve PI3K signal transduction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM74 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0312 family.


FUNCTION: Specifically transports adenine nucleotides. Involved in the uptake of ATP into thylakoids in exchange for lumenal ADP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Plastid, chloroplast envelope Note=Detected only in low amounts in the chloroplast envelope and in non-photosynthetic plastids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein that plays essential roles in both innate and adaptive immunity. Plays a crucial role in the regulation of thymocyte development (PubMed:26195727). Mechanistically, mediates TCR-stimulated activation through recruiting MAP2K1/MEK1 to the Golgi and, thereby, facilitating the interaction of MAP2K1/MEK1 with its activator BRAF (PubMed:26195727). Also plays an essential role in regulatory T-cell stability and function by recruiting the serine-threonine phosphatase catalytic subunit (PPP2CA) to the lysosome, thereby facilitating the interaction of PP2Ac with the mTORC1 component RPTOR and restricting glycolytic metabolism (PubMed:30115741). Positively regulates TLR4 signaling activity in macrophage-mediated inflammation by acting as a molecular clamp to facilitate LPS-induced translocation of TLR4 to lipid rafts (PubMed:30573680). In response to viral infection, facilitates the recruitment of TRAF3 to MAVS within mitochondria leading to IRF3 activation and interferon production (PubMed:31390091). However, participates in the maintenance of immune homeostasis and the prevention of overzealous innate immunity by promoting 'Lys-48'- dependent ubiquitination of TBK1 (PubMed:32366851). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Lysosome membrane Mitochondrion outer membrane Note=Accumulates on the mitochondria after virus infection.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the modulation of host immune response by modulating T-cell function. Interacts with host PTPRC/CD45 and thereby reduces host TCR signaling and T-cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host endoplasmic reticulum Note=Localizes to the host cell membrane when highly glycosylated while less glycosylated forms are found on the endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RL11 family.


FUNCTION: 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase involved in the biosynthesis of etoposide, a chemotherapeutic compound of the topoisomerase inhibitor family (PubMed:26359402). Catalyzes the conversion of yatein to deoxypodophyllotoxin (PubMed:26359402). Can also use, to some extent, demethylyatein as substrate (PubMed:26359402). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin Q superfamily.


FUNCTION: Global transcriptional regulator of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) and carbon catabolite activation (CCA), which ensures optimal energy usage under diverse conditions.


FUNCTION: Specifically catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 2- phosphoglycolate. Is involved in the dissimilation of the intracellular 2-phosphoglycolate formed during the DNA repair of 3'-phosphoglycolate ends, a major class of DNA lesions induced by oxidative stress. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. CbbY/CbbZ/Gph/YieH family.


FUNCTION: Deubiquitinating enzyme. Has almost no deubiquitinating activity by itself and requires the interaction with WDR48 to have a high activity. Not involved in deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated FANCD2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP12/USP46 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the coenzyme F420-dependent oxidation of hydroxymycolic acids (H-MAs) to ketomycolic acids (K-MAs), a lipid class making up the mycobacterial pseudo-outer membrane and over one- third of the dry weight of M.tuberculosis (PubMed:24349169). Does not exhibit F420-dependent glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (FGD) activity (PubMed:23110042). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell envelope Note=The Rv0132c-F420 complex is translocated via the Tat pathway across the cytoplasmic membrane, where Rv0132c is anchored to the cell envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the F420-dependent hydroxymycolic acid dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with CTU1/ATPBD3 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CTU2/NCS2 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin C subfamily.


FUNCTION: Seems to correspond to a subunit of a multimeric transport system and thus, additional subunits may be required for its function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 37 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TelA family.


FUNCTION: Involved in DNA replication and cell separation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SDS23 family.


FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Also binds steroids, bilirubin, carcinogens and numerous organic anions. Has dichloromethane dehalogenase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Theta family.


FUNCTION: Not required for CRPV to induce papillomas, but may facilitate the functioning of other viral or cellular factors involved in the induction of papillomas. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the papillomaviridae E5 protein family.


FUNCTION: Seed storage protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 2S seed storage albumins family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Required for midbody formation and completion of the terminal phase of cytokinesis (By similarity). Binds specifically to calcyclin in a calcium-dependent manner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Melanosome Nucleus envelope Nucleus, nucleoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Found throughout the nucleoplasm at interphase and during mitosis concentrates around the mitotic apparatus. Elevation of intracellular calcium causes relocalization from the nucleoplasm to the nuclear envelope, with little effect on the cytoplasmic pool. Localization to the nuclear envelope is cell-cycle dependent. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the annexin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NOP16 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of the beta-carboxyl group of aspartic acid with ATP to yield 4-phospho-L-aspartate, which is involved in the branched biosynthetic pathway leading to the biosynthesis of amino acids lysine, threonine, isoleucine and methionine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartokinase family.


FUNCTION: Cell division protein that is involved in the assembly of the Z ring. May serve as a membrane anchor for the Z ring. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Localizes to the Z ring in an FtsZ-dependent manner. Targeted to the membrane through a conserved C-terminal amphipathic helix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FtsA/MreB family.


FUNCTION: F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the F-actin-capping protein alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Required for pgtP expression, it may act jointly with the PgtA/PgtB signaling proteins. FUNCTION: Required for PgtP expression, it may act jointly with the PgtA/PgtB signaling proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amidation of deamido-NAD to form NAD. Uses L-glutamine as a nitrogen source. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the NAD synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Transaminase that degrades gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Beta-glucanases participate in the metabolism of beta-glucan, the main structural component of the cell wall. It could also function biosynthetically as a transglycosylase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and glycine with tetrahydrofolate (THF) serving as the one-carbon carrier. Also exhibits THF-independent aldolase activity toward beta- hydroxyamino acids, producing glycine and aldehydes, via a retro-aldol mechanism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHMT family.


FUNCTION: Nucleoside diphosphate sugar hydrolase that hydrolyzes GDP- mannose as its preferred substrate, yielding GMP and mannose-1- phosphate. FUNCTION: Nucleoside diphosphate sugar hydrolase that hydrolyzes GDP- mannose as its preferred substrate, yielding GMP and mannose-1- phosphate. Can also hydrolyze the pyrophosphate bond of other sugar nucleotides such as IDP-ribose, GDP-glucose, and to a lesser extent, ADP-ribose, ADP-glucose and UDP-glucose. Shows no activity toward Nudix substrates FAD, CDP-ethanolamine, CDP-choline, NAD(+), diadenosine pentaphosphate, GTP, UTP, ATP, or CTP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Anchoring protein that mediates the subcellular compartmentation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA type II) (PubMed:9473338). Acts as an anchor for a PKA-signaling complex onto mitotic chromosomes, which is required for maintenance of chromosomes in a condensed form throughout mitosis. Recruits condensin complex subunit NCAPD2 to chromosomes required for chromatin condensation; the function appears to be independent from PKA-anchoring (PubMed:10601332, PubMed:10791967, PubMed:11964380). May help to deliver cyclin D/E to CDK4 to facilitate cell cycle progression (PubMed:14641107). Required for cell cycle G2/M transition and histone deacetylation during mitosis. In mitotic cells recruits HDAC3 to the vicinity of chromatin leading to deacetylation and subsequent phosphorylation at 'Ser-10' of histone H3; in this function may act redundantly with AKAP8L (PubMed:16980585). Involved in nuclear retention of RPS6KA1 upon ERK activation thus inducing cell proliferation (PubMed:22130794). May be involved in regulation of DNA replication by acting as scaffold for MCM2 (PubMed:12740381). Enhances HMT activity of the KMT2 family MLL4/WBP7 complex and is involved in transcriptional regulation. In a teratocarcinoma cell line is involved in retinoic acid-mediated induction of developmental genes implicating H3 'Lys-4' methylation (PubMed:23995757). May be involved in recruitment of active CASP3 to the nucleus in apoptotic cells (PubMed:16227597). May act as a carrier protein of GJA1 for its transport to the nucleus (PubMed:26880274). May play a repressive role in the regulation of rDNA transcription. Preferentially binds GC-rich DNA in vitro. In cells, associates with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) chromatin, preferentially with rRNA promoter and transcribed regions (PubMed:26683827). Involved in modulation of Toll- like receptor signaling. Required for the cAMP-dependent suppression of TNF-alpha in early stages of LPS-induced macrophage activation; the function probably implicates targeting of PKA to NFKB1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus matrix Nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm Note=Associated with the nuclear matrix in interphase and redistributes mostly to chromatin at mitosis. However, mitotic chromatin localization has been questioned. Upon nuclear reassembly at the end of mitosis, is sequestered into the daughter nuclei where it re-acquires an interphase distribution. Exhibits partial localization to the nucleolus in interphase, where it colocalizes with UBTF/UBF, suggesting localization to the fibrillary center and/or to the dense fibrillary component. Colocalizes with GJA1 at the nuclear membrane specifically during cell cycle G1/S phase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AKAP95 family.


FUNCTION: Monovalent cation channel required for maintenance of rapid intracellular calcium release. May act as a potassium counter-ion channel that functions in synchronization with calcium release from intracellular stores. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Nucleus membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM38 family.


FUNCTION: Channel-forming tight junction protein that mediates paracellular chloride transport in the kidney. Plays a critical role in the paracellular reabsorption of filtered chloride in the kidney collecting ducts. Claudins play a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, tight junction Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=CLDN4 is required for tight junction localization in the kidney. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the claudin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.


FUNCTION: DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of deaminated bases. Selectively cleaves double-stranded DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to a deoxyinosine leaving behind the intact lesion on the nicked DNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the endonuclease V family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the MGMT family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-specific adapter of a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for cell cycle control, DNA damage response and translesion DNA synthesis. The DCX(DTL) complex, also named CRL4(CDT2) complex, mediates the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CDT1, CDKN1A/p21(CIP1), KMT5A and SDE2. CDT1 degradation in response to DNA damage is necessary to ensure proper cell cycle regulation of DNA replication. CDKN1A/p21(CIP1) degradation during S phase or following UV irradiation is essential to control replication licensing. KMT5A degradation is also important for a proper regulation of mechanisms such as TGF-beta signaling, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell migration. Most substrates require their interaction with PCNA for their polyubiquitination: substrates interact with PCNA via their PIP-box, and those containing the 'K+4' motif in the PIP box, recruit the DCX(DTL) complex, leading to their degradation. In undamaged proliferating cells, the DCX(DTL) complex also promotes the 'Lys-164' monoubiquitination of PCNA, thereby being involved in PCNA-dependent translesion DNA synthesis. May play a role in the regulation of the circadian clock (By similarity) (PubMed:19595719). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat cdt2 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as a positive effector of cell expansion through modulation of auxin transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARG7 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a low affinity receptor for acetylcholine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the annexin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Probable acetyltransferase. FUNCTION: May act as a transcription factor regulating the expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase by binding to a promoter regulatory element. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the camello family.


FUNCTION: A DNA-binding protein implicated in transcriptional repression and chromosome organization and compaction. Binds nucleation sites in AT-rich DNA and bridges them, forming higher-order nucleoprotein complexes and condensing the chromosome. A subset of genes are repressed by H-NS in association with other proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone-like protein H-NS family.


FUNCTION: Essential for sperm motility and male fertility but is not required for the completion of spermatogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Immune receptor involved in self-nonself discrimination. In complex with KLRC1 or KLRC2 on cytotoxic and regulatory lymphocyte subsets, recognizes non-classical major histocompatibility (MHC) class Ib molecule MHC-E loaded with self-peptides derived from the signal sequence of classical MHC class Ia and non-classical MHC class Ib molecules. Enables cytotoxic cells to monitor the expression of MHC class I molecules in healthy cells and to tolerate self. Primarily functions as a ligand binding subunit as it lacks the capacity to signal. FUNCTION: KLRD1-KLRC2 acts as an immune activating receptor. On cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets recognizes MHC-E loaded with signal sequence-derived peptides from non-classical MHC class Ib MHC-G molecules, likely playing a role in the generation and effector functions of adaptive NK cells and in maternal-fetal tolerance during pregnancy. Regulates the effector functions of terminally differentiated cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets, and in particular may play a role in adaptive NK cell response to viral infection. Upon MHC-E- peptide binding, transmits intracellular signals via the adapter protein TYROBP/DAP12, triggering the phosphorylation of proximal signaling molecules and cell activation. FUNCTION: KLRD1-KLRC1 acts as an immune inhibitory receptor. Key inhibitory receptor on natural killer (NK) cells that regulates their activation and effector functions. Dominantly counteracts T cell receptor signaling on a subset of memory/effector CD8-positive T cells as part of an antigen-driven response to avoid autoimmunity. On intraepithelial CD8-positive gamma-delta regulatory T cells triggers TGFB1 secretion, which in turn limits the cytotoxic programming of intraepithelial CD8-positive alpha-beta T cells, distinguishing harmless from pathogenic antigens. In MHC-E-rich tumor microenvironment, acts as an immune inhibitory checkpoint and may contribute to progressive loss of effector functions of NK cells and tumor-specific T cells, a state known as cell exhaustion. Upon MHC-E- peptide binding, transmits intracellular signals through KLRC1 immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs) by recruiting INPP5D/SHIP-1 and INPPL1/SHIP-2 tyrosine phosphatases to ITIMs, and ultimately opposing signals transmitted by activating receptors through dephosphorylation of proximal signaling molecules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Part of the histidine permease ABC transporter. Also part of a lysine/arginine/ornithine transporter. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. Required to relay the ATPase-inducing signal from the solute-binding protein to HisP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. HisMQ subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the anthracyclines carminomycin and daunorubicin (daunomycin) which are aromatic polyketide antibiotics that exhibit high cytotoxicity and are widely applied in the chemotherapy of a variety of cancers. In vivo, catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the 4-O- position of carminomycin to form daunorubicin. In vitro, it also methylates the anthracyclines rhodomycin D (10-carbomethoxy-13- deoxycarminomycin), 10-carboxy-13-deoxycarminomycin, 13-deoxy- carminomycin and 13-dihydrocarminomycin at the 4-hydroxyl position. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of prolyl residues within peptides that are up to approximately 30 amino acids long. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S9A family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of germacrene-derived sesquiterpene lactones (PubMed:20351109). Catalyzes three consecutive oxidations of germacrene A to produce germacrene A acid (PubMed:20351109). Could also catalyze the three-step oxidation of non- natural substrate amorphadiene to artemisinic acid (PubMed:20351109). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a scaffold protein in virion assembly. May also play a role in intracellular signaling during viral replication (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gyrovirus protein VP2 family.


FUNCTION: Glycosidase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family. Glycosyl hydrolase 109 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Stimulates the activity of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The composition of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex determines the substrate preference (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPTSS family. SPTSSB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes 2 different reactions between oxygen and the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene) depending upon the metal bound in the active site. Fe-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Fe-ARD) produces formate and 2-keto-4- methylthiobutyrate (KMTB), the alpha-ketoacid precursor of methionine in the methionine recycle pathway. Ni-containing acireductone dioxygenase (Ni-ARD) produces methylthiopropionate, carbon monoxide and formate, and does not lie on the methionine recycle pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acireductone dioxygenase (ARD) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A), leading to the formation of 2-methylthio-N6- (dimethylallyl)adenosine (ms(2)i(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6-(dimethylallyl)adenosine (i(6)A), leading to the formation of 2-methylthio-N6- (dimethylallyl)adenosine (ms(2)i(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with uridine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. MiaB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promotes osteoclastic bone resorption; this requires both PTK2B/PYK2 and SRC. May inhibit differentiation and activity of osteoprogenitor cells. Functions in signaling downstream of integrin and collagen receptors, immune receptors, G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR), cytokine, chemokine and growth factor receptors, and mediates responses to cellular stress. Forms multisubunit signaling complexes with SRC and SRC family members upon activation; this leads to the phosphorylation of additional tyrosine residues, creating binding sites for scaffold proteins, effectors and substrates. Regulates numerous signaling pathways. Promotes activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and of the AKT1 signaling cascade. Promotes activation of NOS3. Regulates production of the cellular messenger cGMP. Promotes activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, including activation of MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and MAPK8/JNK1. Promotes activation of Rho family GTPases, such as RHOA and RAC1. Recruits the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 to P53/TP53 in the nucleus, and thereby regulates P53/TP53 activity, P53/TP53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Acts as a scaffold, binding to both PDPK1 and SRC, thereby allowing SRC to phosphorylate PDPK1 at 'Tyr-9, 'Tyr-373', and 'Tyr-376'. Promotes phosphorylation of NMDA receptors by SRC family members, and thereby contributes to the regulation of NMDA receptor ion channel activity and intracellular Ca(2+) levels. May also regulate potassium ion transport by phosphorylation of potassium channel subunits. Phosphorylates SRC; this increases SRC kinase activity. Phosphorylates ASAP1, NPHP1, KCNA2 and SHC1. Promotes phosphorylation of ASAP2, RHOU and PXN; this requires both SRC and PTK2/PYK2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell junction, focal adhesion. Cell projection, lamellipodium. Cytoplasm, cell cortex. Nucleus. Note=Interaction with NPHP1 induces the membrane-association of the kinase. Colocalizes with integrins at the cell periphery. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. FAK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that is part of a SLN1-YPD1-SKN7 two- component regulatory system, which controls gene expression in response to changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular environment. Under low osmotic conditions, phosphorylated and activated by the phosphorelay intermediate protein YPD1. Also activated in response to oxidative stress, independent on the two-component regulatory system. Regulates heat shock genes in response to oxidative stress and genes involved in cell wall integrity in response to osmotic changes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SKN7 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reaction that attaches fucose through an O- glycosidic linkage to a conserved serine or threonine residue in the consensus sequence C1-X-X-S/T-C2 of thrombospondin type I repeats (TSRs) where C1 and C2 are the first and second cysteines of the repeat, respectively (By similarity). O-fucosylates sporozoite proteins CSP and TRAP (By similarity). O-fucosylation regulates stability and intracellular trafficking of TRAP but not of CSP (PubMed:28916755). Probably by regulating protein O-fucosylation, may play a role in parasite transmission to the mosquito vector and/or infection of the vertebrate host hepatocytes; however, POFUT2 involvement in transmission/infection is controversial (PubMed:28916755, PubMed:31334132). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 68 family.


FUNCTION: Unknown; dispensable for production of the lantibiotic sublancin 168 and for competence for DNA uptake. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in male sterility.


FUNCTION: Acts as a negative regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) responses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Lipid- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.


FUNCTION: Involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair (PubMed:18243819). Acts probably with NurA to stimulate resection of the 5' strand and produce the long 3' single-strand that is required for RadA loading (By similarity). Exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and DNA helicase activity (PubMed:18243819). Loads on either a 3' or a 5' DNA tail for subsequent DNA unwinding (PubMed:18243819). Can also unwind blunt-ended dsDNA, Holliday junction and splayed-arm DNA (PubMed:18243819). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HerA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the palmitoyl moiety of the antifungal antibiotic, aculeacin-A, giving a hexapeptide moiety and a long chain fatty acid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S45 family.


FUNCTION: Formate dehydrogenase allows E.coli to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The beta subunit FdnH is an electron transfer unit containing 4 iron-sulfur clusters; it serves as a conduit for electrons that are transferred from the formate oxidation site in the alpha subunit (FdnG) to the menaquinone associated with the gamma subunit (FdnI) of formate dehydrogenase-N. Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar). FUNCTION: Formate dehydrogenase allows the bacterium to use formate as major electron donor during anaerobic respiration, when nitrate is used as electron acceptor. The beta subunit FdnH is an electron transfer unit containing 4 iron-sulfur clusters; it serves as a conduit for electrons that are transferred from the formate oxidation site in the alpha subunit (FdnG) to the menaquinone associated with the gamma subunit (FdnI) of formate dehydrogenase-N. Formate dehydrogenase-N is part of a system that generates proton motive force, together with the dissimilatory nitrate reductase (Nar) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 32 family.


FUNCTION: Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase. Required for normal organization of the actin cytoskeleton. Involved in cytokinesis. Forms a filamentous structure with SEPTIN12, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN2 and probably SEPTIN4 at the sperm annulus which is required for the structural integrity and motility of the sperm tail during postmeiotic differentiation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Cleavage furrow Midbody Cell projection, cilium, flagellum Note=In metaphase cells, localized within the microtubule spindle. At the metaphase plate, in close apposition to the kinetochores of the congressed chromosomes. In cells undergoing cytokinesis, localized to the midbody, the ingressing cleavage furrow, and the central spindle. Found in the sperm annulus (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase class- III family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom zinc metalloproteinase that may impair hemostasis in the prey. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom metalloproteinase (M12B) family. P-III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Resistance to neomycin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the antibiotic N-acetyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Orphan nuclear receptor. Binds to the hormone response element in the upstream promoter region of the CYIIIB gene in vitro. Both isoform 1 and isoform 2 bind DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=The subcellular location of isoform 1 alters throughout development. In the unfertilized egg, isoform 1 expression is cytoplasmic and concentrated around the pronucleus. Following fertilization, the cytoplasmic protein rapidly enters the embryonic nuclei where it appears as speckles. From the fourth cleavage stage onwards it resides as speckles in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. The cytoplasmic localization also differs between cells, maintaining an apical position in polarized ectodermal and endodermal cells, whereas in non-polarized cells the cytoplasmic distribution is uniform. In contrast, isoform 2 resides in the nucleus in both 4-cell and 16-cell embryos. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes the dorsal-ventral pathway of the embryo (PubMed:9477324, PubMed:2107028, PubMed:12493753). Three proteases; ndl, gd and snk process easter to create active easter (PubMed:9477324). Active easter defines cell identities along the dorsal-ventral continuum by activating the spz ligand for the Tl receptor in the ventral region of the embryo (PubMed:9477324). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of pyruvate in the last step of glycolysis, it is irreversible under physiological conditions. The reaction is critical for the control of metabolic flux in the second part of glycolysis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Mast cell degranulating peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MCD family. Bombolitin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription activator that coordinates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and signaling-related genes via binding to the specific promoter motif 5'-(A/T)AACCAT-3'. Represses ABA-mediated salt (e.g. NaCl and KCl) stress tolerance. Regulates leaf shape and promotes vegetative growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultimately leading to release of neurotransmitter. Indeed, denatonium and strychnine induce transient reduction in cAMP and cGMP in taste tissue, whereas this decrease is inhibited by GNAT3 antibody. Gustducin heterotrimer transduces response to bitter and sweet compounds via regulation of phosphodiesterase for alpha subunit, as well as via activation of phospholipase C for beta and gamma subunits, with ultimate increase inositol trisphosphate and increase of intracellular Calcium. GNAT3 can functionally couple to taste receptors to transmit intracellular signal: receptor heterodimer TAS1R2/TAS1R3 senses sweetness and TAS1R1/TAS1R3 transduces umami taste, whereas the T2R family GPCRs act as bitter sensors. Functions also as lumenal sugar sensors in the gut to control the expression of the Na+-glucose transporter SGLT1 in response to dietaty sugar, as well as the secretion of Glucagon-like peptide-1, GLP-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, GIP. Thus, may modulate the gut capacity to absorb sugars, with implications for the prevention and treatment of malabsorption syndromes and diet- related disorders including diabetes and obesity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associated with microvilli, the presumed sites of sensory transduction in taste cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Recruits the ubiquitination machinery to RNA polymerase II for polyubiquitination, removal and degradation, when the transcription-coupled repair (TCR) factor rhp26 fails to efficiently displace stalled RNA polymerase II. Also involved in telomere length regulation. Binds DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosome, telomere Note=During transcription stress, localizes to the nucleus following proteolytic cleavage by the proteasome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEF1 family.


FUNCTION: GTPase that associates with the 50S ribosomal subunit and may have a role during protein synthesis or ribosome biogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=May associate with membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. HflX GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amidation of the two carboxylate groups at positions a and c of hydrogenobyrinate, using either L- glutamine or ammonia as the nitrogen source. To a much lesser extent, can also use cobyrinate as substrate in vitro, but the physiological substrate is indeed hydrogenobyrinate, as part of the aerobic pathway for cobalamin biosynthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CobB/CbiA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Late endosome membrane Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane Note=Localizes at the Golgi- late endosome interface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OSBP family.


FUNCTION: The PAF1 complex is a multifunctional complex. Involved in transcription initiation via genetic interactions with TATA-binding proteins. Involved in elongation. It regulates 3'-end formation of snR47 by modulating the recruitment or stable association of NRD1 and NAB3 with RNA polymerase II. Also has a role in transcription-coupled histone modification. Required for activation of the RAD6/UBC2-BRE1 ubiquitin ligase complex, which ubiquitinates histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1. Also required for the methylation of histone H3 by the COMPASS complex to form H3K4me, by SET2 to form H3K36me, and by DOT1 to form H3K79me. RNA polymerase II associated protein important for transcription of a subset of genes. Required for both positive and negative regulation. Negatively regulates MAK16 expression. Also required for efficient CLN2 transcription in late G1 and may be involved in transcription of galactose-inducible genes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PAF1 family.


FUNCTION: Converts 2-oxo acids to branched-chain amino acids. Acts on leucine, isoleucine and valine (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-IV pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Superoxide dismutases serve to convert damaging superoxide radicals, a key form of ROS, to less damaging hydrogen peroxide that can be converted into water by catalase action (By similarity). Degrades host-derived reactive oxygen species to escape innate immune surveillance (By similarity). Involved in the occurrence of miconazole- tolerant persisters in biofilms (By similarity). Persisters are cells that survive high doses of an antimicrobial agent. The unusual attributes of SOD5-like fungal proteins, including the absence of zinc and an open active site that readily captures extracellular copper, make these SODs well suited to meet challenges in zinc and copper availability at the host-pathogen interface (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Secreted Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Note=Covalently-linked GPI-modified cell wall protein (GPI-CWP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.


FUNCTION: Not known; does not seem to have catalytic activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Probable peripherally associated component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SNF7 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidylate kinase family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be a redox sensor protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ninF family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal spindle assembly. Plays a key role in mother-centriole-dependent centriole duplication. Plays a role in DNA damage response. Following DNA damage, such as double-strand breaks (DSBs), is removed from centrosomes; this leads to the inactivation of spindle assembly and delay in mitotic progression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CEP63 family.


FUNCTION: Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-shaping membrane protein that plays a role in determining ER morphology. Involved in the stabilization of nascent three-way ER tubular junctions within the ER network. May also play a role as a curvature-stabilizing protein within three-way ER tubular junction network (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Localizes at endoplasmic reticulum (ER) three-way tubular junctions, which represent crossing-points at which the tubules build a polygonal network. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lunapark family.


FUNCTION: Component of the multi-pass translocon (MPT) complex that mediates insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins into the lipid bilayer of membranes. The MPT complex takes over after the SEC61 complex: following membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins by the SEC61 complex, the MPT complex occludes the lateral gate of the SEC61 complex to promote insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM147 family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in chaperone-mediated autophagy, a process that mediates lysosomal degradation of proteins in response to various stresses and as part of the normal turnover of proteins with a long biological half-live (PubMed:10972293). Functions by binding target proteins, such as GAPDH, NLRP3 and MLLT11, and targeting them for lysosomal degradation (By similarity). In the chaperone-mediated autophagy, acts downstream of chaperones, such as HSPA8/HSC70, which recognize and bind substrate proteins and mediate their recruitment to lysosomes, where target proteins bind LAMP2 (By similarity). Required for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes during autophagy (PubMed:27628032). Cells that lack LAMP2 express normal levels of VAMP8, but fail to accumulate STX17 on autophagosomes, which is the most likely explanation for the lack of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes (PubMed:27628032). Required for normal degradation of the contents of autophagosomes (PubMed:10972293, PubMed:12221139). Plays a role in lysosomal protein degradation in response to starvation (PubMed:27628032). Required for efficient MHCII-mediated presentation of exogenous antigens via its function in lysosomal protein degradation; antigenic peptides generated by proteases in the endosomal/lysosomal compartment are captured by nascent MHCII subunits. Is not required for efficient MHCII-mediated presentation of endogenous antigens (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=This protein shuttles between lysosomes, endosomes, and the plasma membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LAMP family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic component of the COP9 signalosome (CSN) complex that acts as an regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunit of SCF-type E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes (By similarity). The CSN complex seems to link protein degradation to sexual development. Required for fruit body formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN5 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: To M.jannaschii MJ1155.1.


FUNCTION: Accessory component of the proton-transporting vacuolar (V)- ATPase protein pump involved in intracellular iron homeostasis. In aerobic conditions, required for intracellular iron homeostasis, thus triggering the activity of Fe(2+) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes, and leading to HIF1A hydroxylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Necessary for endolysosomal acidification and lysosomal degradation (PubMed:28296633). May be involved in Golgi homeostasis (PubMed:26833332). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome Lysosome Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle Endoplasmic reticulum.


FUNCTION: Probably part of the PhnSTUV complex (TC 3.A.1.11.5) involved in 2-aminoethylphosphonate import. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 32 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of the DNA primase complex and component of the DNA polymerase alpha complex (also known as the alpha DNA polymerase-primase complex) which play an essential role in the initiation of DNA synthesis (By similarity). During the S phase of the cell cycle, the DNA polymerase alpha complex (composed of a catalytic subunit POLA1, an accessory subunit POLA2 and two primase subunits, the catalytic subunit PRIM1 and the regulatory subunit PRIM2) is recruited to DNA at the replicative forks via direct interactions with MCM10 and WDHD1 (By similarity). The primase subunit of the polymerase alpha complex initiates DNA synthesis by oligomerising short RNA primers on both leading and lagging strands (By similarity). These primers are initially extended by the polymerase alpha catalytic subunit and subsequently transferred to polymerase delta and polymerase epsilon for processive synthesis on the lagging and leading strand, respectively. In the primase complex, both subunits are necessary for the initial di- nucleotide formation, but the extension of the primer depends only on the catalytic subunit (By similarity). Binds RNA:DNA duplex and coordinates the catalytic activities of PRIM1 and POLA2 during primase- to-polymerase switch. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic-type primase large subunit family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the 23S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL9 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transformation of pimelate into pimeloyl-CoA with concomitant hydrolysis of ATP to AMP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BioW family.


FUNCTION: Participates in cysteine desulfuration mediated by SufS. Cysteine desulfuration mobilizes sulfur from L-cysteine to yield L- alanine and constitutes an essential step in sulfur metabolism for biosynthesis of a variety of sulfur-containing biomolecules. Functions as a sulfur acceptor for SufS, by mediating the direct transfer of the sulfur atom from the S-sulfanylcysteine of SufS, an intermediate product of cysteine desulfuration process. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SufE family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase family.


FUNCTION: Confers DNA tethering and processivity to DNA polymerases and other proteins. Acts as a clamp, forming a ring around DNA (a reaction catalyzed by the clamp-loading complex) which diffuses in an ATP- independent manner freely and bidirectionally along dsDNA. Initially characterized for its ability to contact the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase III (Pol III), a complex, multichain enzyme responsible for most of the replicative synthesis in bacteria; Pol III exhibits 3'-5' exonuclease proofreading activity. The beta chain is required for initiation of replication as well as for processivity of DNA replication. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta sliding clamp family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes two reactions in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the breakdown of 5-aminoimidazole- (N- succinylocarboxamide) ribotide (SAICAR or 2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta- D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate) to 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribotide (AICAR or 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D- ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide) and fumarate, and of adenylosuccinate (ADS or N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and fumarate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ntn-hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: NHase catalyzes the hydration of various nitrile compounds to the corresponding amides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nitrile hydratase subunit alpha family.


SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for NPAF (A-18-F-amide) and NPFF (F-8-F-amide) neuropeptides, also known as morphine-modulating peptides. Can also be activated by a variety of naturally occurring or synthetic FMRF-amide like ligands. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. May form part of a tissue-specific acute response to remodeling stimuli. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position equivalent to 747 (m5U747) in 23S rRNA (m5U859 in the P.abyssi numbering). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA M5U methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position 34 of tRNA(Arg2). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position 34 of tRNA(Arg2). Essential for cell viability. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


FUNCTION: Protein S19 forms a complex with S13 that binds strongly to the 16S ribosomal RNA. FUNCTION: Protein S19 forms a complex with S13 that binds strongly to the 16S ribosomal RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ycf35 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. This is a prerequisite for the S-specific NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase to allow the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NnrE/AIBP family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional repressor. May play a role in limb- pattern formation. Acts in cranofacial development and specifically in odontogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Msh homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Promotes efficient arsenite-induced clearance of stress granules (SGs) (PubMed:29804830). May have a role in the ubiquitin- proteasome system (UPS) protecting cells from metalloid-induced proteotoxicity (PubMed:24121501, PubMed:24297164). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Transcription regulator that can specifically activate or repress expression of target genes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SlyA family.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional protein with controversial molecular function which plays an important role in cell protection against oxidative stress and cell death acting as oxidative stress sensor and redox- sensitive chaperone and protease. It is involved in neuroprotective mechanisms like the stabilization of NFE2L2 and PINK1 proteins, male fertility as a positive regulator of androgen signaling pathway as well as cell growth and transformation through, for instance, the modulation of NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. Has been described as a protein and nucleotide deglycase that catalyzes the deglycation of the Maillard adducts formed between amino groups of proteins or nucleotides and reactive carbonyl groups of glyoxals. But this function is rebuted by other works. As a protein deglycase, repairs methylglyoxal- and glyoxal-glycated proteins, and releases repaired proteins and lactate or glycolate, respectively. Deglycates cysteine, arginine and lysine residues in proteins, and thus reactivates these proteins by reversing glycation by glyoxals. Acts on early glycation intermediates (hemithioacetals and aminocarbinols), preventing the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) that cause irreversible damage. Also functions as a nucleotide deglycase able to repair glycated guanine in the free nucleotide pool (GTP, GDP, GMP, dGTP) and in DNA and RNA. Is thus involved in a major nucleotide repair system named guanine glycation repair (GG repair), dedicated to reversing methylglyoxal and glyoxal damage via nucleotide sanitization and direct nucleic acid repair. Protects histones from adduction by methylglyoxal, controls the levels of methylglyoxal-derived argininine modifications on chromatin. Able to remove the glycations and restore histone 3, histone glycation disrupts both local and global chromatin architecture by altering histone-DNA interactions as well as histone acetylation and ubiquitination levels. Displays a very low glyoxalase activity that may reflect its deglycase activity. Eliminates hydrogen peroxide and protects cells against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. Required for correct mitochondrial morphology and function as well as for autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria. Plays a role in regulating expression or stability of the mitochondrial uncoupling proteins SLC25A14 and SLC25A27 in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and attenuates the oxidative stress induced by calcium entry into the neurons via L-type channels during pacemaking. Regulates astrocyte inflammatory responses, may modulate lipid rafts-dependent endocytosis in astrocytes and neuronal cells. In pancreatic islets, involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glucose homeostasis in an age- and diet dependent manner. Protects pancreatic beta cells from cell death induced by inflammatory and cytotoxic setting. Binds to a number of mRNAs containing multiple copies of GG or CC motifs and partially inhibits their translation but dissociates following oxidative stress. Metal- binding protein able to bind copper as well as toxic mercury ions, enhances the cell protection mechanism against induced metal toxicity. In macrophages, interacts with the NADPH oxidase subunit NCF1 to direct NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS production, and protects against sepsis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Cytoplasm Nucleus Membrane raft Mitochondrion Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Under normal conditions, located predominantly in the cytoplasm and, to a lesser extent, in the nucleus and mitochondrion. Translocates to the mitochondrion and subsequently to the nucleus in response to oxidative stress and exerts an increased cytoprotective effect against oxidative damage. Membrane raft localization in astrocytes and neuronal cells requires palmitoylation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C56 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the normal development of the forebrain, eyes and other anterior structures such as the olfactory placodes and pituitary gland. Possible transcriptional repressor. Binds to the palindromic PIII sequence, 5'-AGCTTGAGTCTAATTGAATTAACTGTAC-3'. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ANF homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Forms a chaperone-bound H2A.Z-H2B complex that acts as a source for SWR1 complex-dependent H2A to H2A.Z histone replacement in chromatin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CHZ1 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in translation initiation and quality control of translation (PubMed:16291791, PubMed:17392269, PubMed:29861391). Together with pelo and HBS1, is required for 48S complex formation from 80S ribosomes and dissociation of vacant 80S ribosomes (PubMed:17392269). Stabilizes core components of eIF3 complex promoting their assembly into translation initiation-competent complexes (PubMed:17392269). Together with pelo and HBS1, recognizes stalled ribosomes and promotes dissociation of elongation complexes assembled on non-stop mRNAs; this triggers endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA, a mechanism to release non-functional ribosomes and to degrade damaged mRNAs as part of the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway (PubMed:25128630). Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA turnover (By similarity). Plays a role in quality control of translation of mitochondrial outer membrane- localized mRNA (PubMed:29861391). As part of the Pink1-regulated signaling, ubiquitinated by Cnot4 upon mitochondria damage; this modification generates polyubiquitin signals that recruits autophagy receptors to the mitochondrial outer membrane to initiate mitophagy (PubMed:29861391). Required in the wing disk for cell division and growth as well as cell survival (PubMed:16291791). During muscle embryogenesis, required for the recruitment of Pak to muscle attachments in the embryo, hence may play a role in proper muscle morphogenesis and proper guidance and targeting of subsets of myotubes (PubMed:18996366). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCE family.


FUNCTION: Required for the terminal differentiation of seam cells, and the differentiation of distal tip cells important for normal somatic gonad and germ cell development. Plays a role in the Wnt signaling pathway, regulating the expression of beta-catenin homologs wrm-1, bar- 1 and sys-1, and the localization of wrm-1 and the wnt signaling pathway component pop-1 during asymmetric cell division of seam cells and the Z-cell lineage of the somatic gonad, respectively. May have a pro-apoptotic role, possibly linked to the negative regulation of expression of anti-apoptotic factor ced-9. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BCL7 family.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein with binding specificity for poly(C). May play an important role in neural development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. May shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the XK family.


FUNCTION: Chemotactic-signal transducers respond to changes in the concentration of attractants and repellents in the environment, transduce a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell, and facilitate sensory adaptation through the variation of the level of methylation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyl-accepting chemotaxis (MCP) protein family.


FUNCTION: Potential tumor suppressor. May act as a KRAS effector protein. May promote apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.


FUNCTION: Has dual functions as membrane-bound androgen receptor and as an androgen-dependent zinc transporter both of which are mediated through G protein activation and are required for the androgen- dependent apoptotic response. Upon androgen binding, mediates apoptosis by directly activating a stimulatory G protein that leads to increased cAMP levels and MAP kinase activity and which is accompanied by increased intracellular free zinc levels (By similarity). May play a role in the proper zinc modulation during egg activation (PubMed:32973303). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane Mitochondrion Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.


FUNCTION: Polymerase that creates the 3'-poly(A) tail of mRNA's. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the poxviridae poly(A) polymerase catalytic subunit family. Highly divergent.


FUNCTION: Membrane bound hemoprotein which function as an electron carrier for several membrane bound oxygenases. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Microsome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome b5 family.


FUNCTION: Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family.


FUNCTION: Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Secreted, cell wall. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PRAME family.


FUNCTION: Channel protein that mediates glycerol entry under ethanol stimulation (PubMed:12832087). Does not seem to mediate glycerol uptake under standard conditions (PubMed:12832087). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator of the gene (snpA) for the small neutral protease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family.