FUNCTION: Mitochondrial GTPase that mediates the disassembly of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of mitochondrial protein biosynthesis. Not involved in the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Potential calcium sensor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calmodulin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ceramide synthase complex required for synthesis of ceramides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LIP1 family.


FUNCTION: The RecF protein is involved in DNA metabolism; it is required for DNA replication and normal SOS inducibility. RecF binds preferentially to single-stranded, linear DNA. It also seems to bind ATP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecF family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 and mediates the proliferation, survival and angiogenic activity of mesangial cells through a heterotrimeric G-protein signaling pathway. Probably promotes cell chemotaxis response (By similarity). Binds to CCL21. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Causes the migration of the distal retinal pigment into the proximal end of the pigment chromatophore cells and thus decreases the amount of light entering the retinulas. May also function as a neurotransmitter and/or neuromodulator. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the arthropod PDH family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. B0244 subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Proposed to inhibit LPS-TLR4 signaling at the late endosome by interaction with isoform 1 thereby disrupting the association of isoform 1 with TICAM1. May be involved in TLR4 degradation in late endosomes. FUNCTION: Functions as sorting adapter in different signaling pathways to facilitate downstream signaling leading to type I interferon induction (PubMed:16603631, PubMed:16757566, PubMed:25385819, PubMed:25825441). In TLR4 signaling, physically bridges TLR4 and TICAM1 and functionally transmits signal to TICAM1 in early endosomes after endocytosis of TLR4. In TLR2 signaling, physically bridges TLR2 and MYD88 and is required for the TLR2-dependent movement of MYD88 to endosomes following ligand engagement (PubMed:25385819). Involved in IL-18 signaling and is proposed to function as a sorting adapter for MYD88 in IL-18 signaling during adaptive immune response (PubMed:22685567). Forms a complex with RAB11FIP2 that is recruited to the phagosomes to promote the activation of the actin-regulatory GTPases RAC1 and CDC42 and subsequent phagocytosis of Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:30883606). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Endoplasmic reticulum. Early endosome membrane. Late endosome membrane. Note=Translocates to late endosomes upon LPS stimulation where it colcoalizes with isoform 1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus. Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum. Early endosome membrane. Late endosome membrane. Cell projection, phagocytic cup Note=Localized to the plasma membrane as a result of myristoylation. Phosphorylation on Ser-16 leads to its depletion from the membrane. Upon LPS stimulation colcoalizes with isoform 2 in late endosomes.


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase B chain family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OCC1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0307 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in regulating the activity of the plasma membrane proton pump PMA1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional regulator that acts in conjunction with sigma-54.


FUNCTION: Associated with the protein storage vacuole formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Protein storage vacuole Golgi apparatus, Golgi stack Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network Prevacuolar compartment.


FUNCTION: The biological conversion of cellulose to glucose generally requires three types of hydrolytic enzymes: (1) Endoglucanases which cut internal beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds; (2) Exocellobiohydrolases that cut the disaccharide cellobiose from the non-reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain; (3) Beta-1,4-glucosidases which hydrolyze the cellobiose and other short cello-oligosaccharides to glucose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 7 (cellulase C) family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from an unknown electron donor, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory and/or the photosynthetic chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Cyanobacterial NDH-1 also plays a role in inorganic carbon-concentration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I NdhL subunit family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system. It uses NADPH to reduce FMN. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chorismate synthase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chorismate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Protects DNA from oxidative damage by sequestering intracellular Fe(2+) ion and storing it in the form of Fe(3+) oxyhydroxide mineral. One hydrogen peroxide oxidizes two Fe(2+) ions, which prevents hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Dps family.


FUNCTION: Reduces deoxy-fructosyl-glutamine to mannopine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Induces relaxation of mouse trachea that has been precontracted with methacholine. May induce relaxation of arterial smooth muscle. May target bradykinin receptors (BDKRB). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bradykinin-related peptide family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 4-amino-2-methyl-5- hydroxymethylpyrimidine pyrophosphate (HMP-PP) to 4-amino-2-methyl-5- hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. Cof family.


FUNCTION: Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit binds the periplasmic potassium ions and delivers the ions to the membrane domain of KdpB through an intramembrane tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KdpA family.


FUNCTION: Predominantly fucosylates the innermost N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue in biantennary N-glycan acceptors. Postulated to generate core alpha(1->3)-fucose epitope within the chitobiose unit of biantennary N-glycans, providing for a recognition signal to reorient aberrantly folded glycoproteins for degradation (By similarity). Involved in biosynthesis of Lewis X-carrying biantennary N-glycans that regulate neuron stem cell self-renewal during brain development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.


FUNCTION: Lectin-type cell surface receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly. May act as a regulator of Fe-S biogenesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frataxin family.


FUNCTION: May function in protein folding and assembly, and disassembly of protein complexes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Binds predominantly GDP, and also GTP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in nuclear translocation of the viral pre- integration complex (PIC), thus is required for the virus to infect non-dividing cells. Targets specific host proteins for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Acts by associating with the cellular CUL4A-DDB1 E3 ligase complex through direct interaction with host VPRPB/DCAF-1. This change in the E3 ligase substrate specificity results in the degradation of host SAMHD1. In turn, SAMHD1 depletion allows viral replication in host myeloid cells by preventing SAMHD1-mediated hydrolysis of intracellular dNTPs necessary for reverse transcription (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host nucleus. Note=Nuclear just after virion uncoating, or if expressed in the absence of unprocessed GAG. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentivirus VPX protein family.


FUNCTION: This protein is able to protect a cell, which harbors the plasmid ColE1 encoding colicin E1, against colicin E1.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the N-terminal cysteine of a prolipoprotein, the first step in the formation of mature lipoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Lgt family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in regulation of intracellular signaling pathways during development. Specifically thought to play a role in canonical and/or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways through interaction with DSH (Dishevelled) family proteins (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dapper family.


FUNCTION: Monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the tetrahydroxanthone dimer neosartorin, which exhibits antibacterial activity (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084, PubMed:33891392). The two different monomeric units appear to be synthesized by the same set of enzymes, among which the Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase nsrF is the key enzyme for the divergence of the biosynthetic routes (PubMed:32105084). The pathway begins with the synthesis of atrochrysone thioester by the polyketide synthase nsrB (PubMed:32105084). The atrochrysone carboxyl ACP thioesterase nsrC then breaks the thioester bond and releases the atrochrysone carboxylic acid from AacuL (PubMed:32105084). Atrochrysone carboxylic acid is decarboxylated by the decarboxylase nsrE, and oxidized by the anthrone oxygenase nsrD to yield emodin (PubMed:32105084). Emodin is then reduced to emodin hydroquinone by the oxidoreductase nsrR (PubMed:32105084). A-ring reduction by the short chain dehydrogenase nsrJ, dehydration by the scytalone dehydratase-like protein nsrI and probable spontaneous re-oxidation, results in overall deoxygenation to chrysophanol (PubMed:32105084). The Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase nsrF accepts chrysophanol as a substrate to insert one oxygen atom at two different positions to yield the precursors of both monomric units (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084, PubMed:33891392). NsrF is promiscuous/flexible in interacting with the 2 (non methylated and methylated) aromatic rings of chrysophanol, thus diverging the biosynthetic pathway at this point (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084, PubMed:33891392). After the hydrolysis of the lactones, methylesterification by the methyltransferase nsrG yields respectively moniliphenone and 2,2',6'-trihydroxy-4-methyl-6-methoxya- cyldiphenylmethanone (PubMed:30394754, PubMed:32105084). The next steps are the hydroxylation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase nsrK, followed by isomerization by the monooxygenase nsrQ (PubMed:32105084). The short chain dehydrogenase/reductase nsrO then catalyzes the C-5 ketoreduction to give the xanthone skeleton of blennolide C and 5-acetylblennolide A (PubMed:32105084). The acetyltransferase nsrL has a strict substrate specificity and uses only blennolide A but not blennolide C to yield 5- acetylblennolide A as the single-acetylated product (PubMed:30394754). In the final step of the biosynthesis, the heterodimerization of the 2 xanthones, blennolide C and 5-acetylblennolide A, is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase nsrP (PubMed:30394754). NsrP can utilize at least three different xanthones as its substrates to perform the dimerization reaction (PubMed:30394754). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the avfA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reduction of saturated and unsaturated C16 or C18 fatty acyl-CoA to fatty alcohols. It plays an essential role in the production of ether lipids/plasmalogens which synthesis requires fatty alcohols. In parallel, it is also required for wax monoesters production since fatty alcohols also constitute a substrate for their synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acyl-CoA reductase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. Catalyzes the irreversible oxidation of betaine aldehyde to the corresponding acid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CWC15 family.


FUNCTION: Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Involved in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway (ERAD) for misfolded lumenal proteins by recognizing and binding sugar chains on unfolded glycoproteins that are retrotranslocated into the cytosol and promoting their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Prevents formation of cytosolic aggregates of unfolded glycoproteins that have been retrotranslocated into the cytosol. Able to recognize and bind denatured glycoproteins, preferentially those of the high-mannose type. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.


FUNCTION: May cause loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable electron transporter required for biotin synthase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavodoxin family. MioC subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0145 family.


FUNCTION: Part of an ABC transporter complex involved in carbohydrate import. Could be involved in ribose, galactose and/or methyl galactoside import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Carbohydrate importer 2 (CUT2) (TC 3.A.1.2) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of fluid secretion into the anterior chamber of the eye (By similarity). Essential for bone resorption and osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Contributes to intracellular pH regulation in the duodenal upper villous epithelium during proton-coupled peptide absorption (By similarity). Stimulates the chloride-bicarbonate exchange activity of SLC26A6 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Note=Colocalized with SLC26A6 at the surface of the cell membrane in order to form a bicarbonate transport metabolon. Displaced from the cytosolic surface of the cell membrane by PKC in phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-carbonic anhydrase family.


FUNCTION: Causes the redistribution of lumenal ER protein to an enlarged ERGIC compartment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus MGF 110 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0246 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor. May play a protective role against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity under glutathione depleted conditions in neuronal cells by regulating the intracellular ROS levels via inhibition of p38 MAPK (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14). Participates in docking and fusion stage of ER to cis-Golgi transport. Plays an important physiological role in VLDL-transport vesicle-Golgi fusion and thus in VLDL delivery to the hepatic cis-Golgi. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Note=Localizes throughout the Golgi apparatus, with lowest levels in the trans-Golgi network. Enriched on vesicular components at the terminal rims of the Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GOSR1 family.


FUNCTION: It is also responsible for the non-negligible production of methylglyoxal a reactive cytotoxic side-product that modifies and can alter proteins, DNA and lipids. FUNCTION: Triosephosphate isomerase is an extremely efficient metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion between dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily.


FUNCTION: Pathogenicity determinant (By similarity). May act as a suppressor of RNA-mediated gene silencing, also known as post- transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS), a mechanism of plant viral defense that limits the accumulation of viral RNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the geminiviridae protein AC4/C4 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) (PubMed:17178911). The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility (PubMed:17178911). In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA (By similarity). The Arp2/3 complex promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to DNA damage by promoting nuclear actin polymerization, leading to drive motility of double-strand breaks (DSBs) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARPC5 family.


FUNCTION: General factor that plays a role in the activation of archaeal genes transcribed by RNA polymerase. Binds specifically to the TATA box promoter element which lies close to the position of transcription initiation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TBP family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin O3 superfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a cofactor for complement factor I, a serine protease which protects autologous cells against complement-mediated injury by cleaving C3b and C4b deposited on host tissue. May be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. May act as a costimulatory factor for T-cells which induces the differentiation of CD4+ into T-regulatory 1 cells. T-regulatory 1 cells suppress immune responses by secreting interleukin-10, and therefore are thought to prevent autoimmunity (By similarity). In case of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection, involved in virus attachment to cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome inner membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for bile acid export from enterocytes into portal blood. Efficiently transports the major species of bile acids. May modulate slc51a glycosylation, membrane trafficking and stability activities (By similarity). Able to transport taurocholate, estrone sulfate, digoxin, and prostaglandin E(2), but not p-aminohippurate or S-dinitrophenyl glutathione. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OST-beta family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins. FUNCTION: Cleaves peptides in various proteins in a process that requires ATP hydrolysis. Has a chymotrypsin-like activity. Plays a major role in the degradation of misfolded proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S14 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0182 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in allosteric regulation of aspartate carbamoyltransferase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PyrI family.


FUNCTION: This b-type cytochrome is tightly associated with the reaction center of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbE/PsbF family.


FUNCTION: Serves as a reserve supply of oxygen and facilitates the movement of oxygen within muscles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes an oxidative deamination of predominantly hydrophobic and aromatic L-amino acids, thus producing hydrogen peroxide that may contribute to the diverse toxic effects of this enzyme (PubMed:18384385). Is active on L-Ile, L-Leu, L-Met, L-Phe, L- Trp, and L-Tyr (PubMed:18384385). Exhibits diverse biological activities, such as hemorrhage, hemolysis, edema, apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells or tumor cell lines, antibacterial and antiparasitic activities, as well as regulation of platelet aggregation. Its effect on platelets is controversial, since it either induces aggregation or inhibits agonist-induced aggregation. These different effects are probably due to different experimental conditions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. FIG1 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Spore coat.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mannitol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the epimerization of carbon 2' of the side chain of 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H2NTP) to form 7,8-dihydromonapterin triphosphate (H2MTP) (PubMed:9182560) (PubMed:9651328). Is required for tetrahydromonapterin biosynthesis, a major pterin in E.coli (PubMed:19897652). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the epimerization of carbon 2' of the side chain of 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate (H2NTP) to form 7,8-dihydromonapterin triphosphate (H2MTP). Is required for tetrahydromonapterin biosynthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHNA family.


FUNCTION: Required for cell viability in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MGR2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate and then the hydrolysis of 5,10- methenyltetrahydrofolate to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family.


FUNCTION: This potassium channel may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion by glucose and/or neurotransmitters acting through G- protein-coupled receptors. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family. KCNJ6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Substrate-specific adapter for the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. Associates with the APC/C in late mitosis, in replacement of CDC20, and activates the APC/C during anaphase and telophase. The APC/C remains active in degrading substrates to ensure that positive regulators of the cell cycle do not accumulate prematurely. At the G1/S transition FZR1 is phosphorylated, leading to its dissociation from the APC/C. Following DNA damage, it is required for the G2 DNA damage checkpoint: its dephosphorylation and reassociation with the APC/C leads to the ubiquitination of PLK1, preventing entry into mitosis. Acts as an adapter for APC/C to target the DNA-end resection factor RBBP8/CtIP for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Through the regulation of RBBP8/CtIP protein turnover, may play a role in DNA damage response, favoring DNA double-strand repair through error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) over error-free, RBBP8-mediated homologous recombination (HR). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the oxidation of myo-inositol (MI) and D-chiro- inositol (DCI) to 2-keto-myo-inositol (2KMI or 2-inosose) and 1-keto-D- chiro-inositol (1KDCI), respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family.


FUNCTION: Binds 16S rRNA, required for the assembly of 30S particles. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.


FUNCTION: Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated and geranylated proteins. Seems to be able to process K- Ras, N-Ras, H-Ras, RAP1B and G-gamma-1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase U48 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fungal cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7a family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 2'O-methylated cytidine (Cm32) at position 32 in tRNA. Is specific for cytidine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family.


FUNCTION: Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle by modulating the centrosome cycle as well as mitotic onset; promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. May play a role in regulating the amplitude of the cyclic expression of circadian clock genes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. UPF0219 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin M superfamily.


FUNCTION: Processing of precursors of alpha-factors and killer toxin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family. Furin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in depolymerization of xylan, a major component of the lignocellulosic substrates. Acts as an endo-xylanase that efficiently hydrolyzes the beta-1,4 glycosidic linkages between the xylopyranosyl residues in the main chain of the polymer, leading to the degradation of xylan into short oligosaccharides. Shows high activity toward branched xylans from both softwoods (arabinoxylans) and hardwoods (glucuronoxylans), showing the highest activity on beechwood xylan. Also hydrolyzes long xylooligosaccharides (with a degree of polymerization of greater than or equal to 5), while oligomers shorter than xylotetraose are not degraded. Is not active on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Avicel, starch, polygalacturonic acid, laminarin, pectin, beta-D-barley glucan, or lichenan. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 11 (cellulase G) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0228 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I39 (alpha-2- macroglobulin) family. Bacterial alpha-2-macroglobulin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Zinc ion:proton antiporter that could function at the plasma membrane mediating zinc efflux from cells against its electrochemical gradient protecting them from intracellular zinc accumulation and toxicity (PubMed:31471319). Alternatively, could prevent the transport to the plasma membrane of CACNB2, the L-type calcium channels regulatory subunit, through a yet to be defined mechanism. By modulating the expression of these channels at the plasma membrane, could prevent calcium and zinc influx into cells. By the same mechanism, could also prevent L-type calcium channels-mediated heavy metal influx into cells (By similarity). In some cells, could also function as a zinc ion:proton antiporter mediating zinc entry into the lumen of cytoplasmic vesicles. In macrophages, can increase zinc ions concentration into the lumen of cytoplasmic vesicles containing engulfed bacteria and could help inactivate them (PubMed:32441444). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Localization to the plasma membrane is regulated by cellular zinc status. Recruitment to the plasma membrane from an internal pool is stimulated by zinc while in absence of zinc the plasma membrane pool is endocytosed and degraded (PubMed:31471319). Localizes to the basolateral surface of enterocytes (By similarity). Localizes to zinc-containing intracellular vesicles in macrophages (PubMed:32441444). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable cytochrome oxidase subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome ubiquinol oxidase subunit 2 family.


FUNCTION: Tetrapolymerization of the monopyrrole PBG into the hydroxymethylbilane pre-uroporphyrinogen in several discrete steps. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HMBS family.


FUNCTION: Granzyme B inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family. Ov-serpin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has an important function as a repair enzyme for proteins that have been inactivated by oxidation. Catalyzes the reversible oxidation-reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MsrA Met sulfoxide reductase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. PCD1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 7-cyano-7- deazaguanine (preQ0) to 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family. QueF type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Bacteriocin with activity against species of Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc and against B.subtilis and, to a lesser extent, against B.coagulans, B.cereus and species of Enterococcus, Listeria, Kocuria, Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Salmonella, Pseudomonas and Escherichia. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Important for the aerobic growth. Decarboxylates pyruvate in four steps. The energy released is partially stored in acetyl phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPP enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I. FUNCTION: Exerts its effect at some terminal stage of cytochrome c oxidase synthesis, probably by being involved in the insertion of the copper B into subunit I. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COX11/CtaG family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COX11/CtaG family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-mannoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside, p-nitrophenyl beta- D-xyloside, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-fucoside, p-nitrophenyl beta-L- arabinoside, oligosaccharides, pyridoxine beta-D-glucoside and the cyanogenic glucosides amygdalin, prunasin and dhurrin. Possesses pyridoxine transglucosylation activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the folate-dependent formation of 5-methyl-uridine at position 54 (M-5-U54) in all tRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MnmG family. TrmFO subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably participates in deamination of adenosine-34 to inosine in many tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. ADAT2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the argininosuccinate synthase family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in floral organogenesis. May play a protective role in flowers by protecting the reproductive organs from potential pathogen attack. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Vacuole Note=Possibly the cell wall or vacuole. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEFL family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a chaperone for the linker histone to facilitate deposition of histone B4 onto linker DNA. Required for both remodeling of sperm chromatin into nucleosomes, and linker histone binding to nucleosome core dimers. Plays a role in tissue-specific gene regulation. Required for primitive hemopoiesis, acting upstream of tal1/scl (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Cytoplasmic prior to the midblastula transition, becoming predominantly nuclear subsequently. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates position 2 of adenine 2503 in 23S rRNA and position 2 of adenine 37 in tRNAs. m2A2503 modification seems to play a crucial role in the proofreading step occurring at the peptidyl transferase center and thus would serve to optimize ribosomal fidelity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RlmN family.


FUNCTION: Putative molecular chaperone that may promote the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family.


FUNCTION: Stimulates uterine smooth muscle contraction and causes selective vasoconstriction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NmU family.


FUNCTION: Forms an icosahedral capsid with a T=7 symmetry and a 50 nm diameter. The capsid is composed of 72 pentamers linked to each other by disulfide bonds and associated with L2 proteins. Binds to heparan sulfate proteoglycans on cell surface of basal layer keratinocytes to provide initial virion attachment. This binding mediates a conformational change in the virus capsid that facilitates efficient infection. The virion enters the host cell via endocytosis. During virus trafficking, L1 protein dissociates from the viral DNA and the genomic DNA is released to the host nucleus. The virion assembly takes place within the cell nucleus. Encapsulates the genomic DNA together with protein L2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the papillomaviridae L1 protein family.


FUNCTION: Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes glycerophosphodiesters into glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and the corresponding alcohol (PubMed:18214974). Can use glycerophosphocholine (PubMed:18214974). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase family.


FUNCTION: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Beta-4/CHRNB4 sub- subfamily.


FUNCTION: Condensation of UDP-2,3-diacylglucosamine and 2,3- diacylglucosamine-1-phosphate to form lipid A disaccharide, a precursor of lipid A, a phosphorylated glycolipid that anchors the lipopolysaccharide to the outer membrane of the cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LpxB family.


FUNCTION: Required for initiation of meiotic chromosome synapsis. Involved in synaptonemal complex formation, a structure that tethers a pair of homologous chromosomes along their lengths and plays a central role in recombination and homolog segregation during meiosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Localizes to a meiosis specific chromosomal structure called the synaptonemal complex (SC) formed during meiotic prophase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZIP2 family.


FUNCTION: Removes C-terminal D-alanyl residues from sugar-peptide cell wall precursors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=N-terminal lies in the periplasmic space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S11 family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a negative regulator for transcription and replication by sticking to the nucleocapsid. This effect might be regulated by the cytoplasmic interaction with tubulin that dissociates the M protein from the nucleocapsid (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in virion assembly and budding. Forms a shell at the inner face of the plasma membrane and concentrates the HN and F glycoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host cytoplasm Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=During bud formation, associates at the inner side of the plasma membrane of infected cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the morbillivirus/respirovirus/rubulavirus M protein family.


FUNCTION: Component of the small ribosomal subunit (PubMed:36517592). The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (PubMed:36517592). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Note=Detected on cytosolic polysomes (By similarity). Detected in ribosomes that are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family.


FUNCTION: The 1,2-PD-specific bacterial microcompartment (BMC) concentrates low levels of 1,2-PD catabolic enzymes, concentrates volatile reaction intermediates thus enhancing pathway flux and keeps the level of toxic, mutagenic propionaldehyde low. FUNCTION: A minor shell protein of the bacterial microcompartment (BMC) dedicated to 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) degradation. The isolated BMC shell component protein ratio for J:A:B':B:K:T:U is approximately 15:10:7:6:1:1:2 (PubMed:12923081). Not required for structural integrity of BMCs nor to mitigate propionaldehyde toxicity, it might be involved in spatial organization of BMCs (PubMed:21239588). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Bacterial microcompartment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial microcompartments protein family.


FUNCTION: Component of the proteasome core, a large protease complex with broad specificity involved in protein degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase T1B family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the Ost-alpha/Ost-beta complex, a heterodimer that acts as the intestinal basolateral transporter responsible for the translocation of bile acids (such as taurocholate), steroids (such as estrone sulfate), and eicosanoids (such as prostaglandin E2). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OST-alpha family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to glutamate to form L-glutamate 5-phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutamate 5-kinase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of 1,6-anhydro-N- acetylmuramic acid (anhMurNAc) with the simultaneous cleavage of the 1,6-anhydro ring, generating MurNAc-6-P. Is required for the utilization of anhMurNAc either imported from the medium or derived from its own cell wall murein, and thus plays a role in cell wall recycling. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anhydro-N-acetylmuramic acid kinase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Component of ribonucleosomes.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MraZ family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible transfer of acyl groups from carnitine to coenzyme A (CoA) and regulates the acyl-CoA/CoA ratio. Also plays a crucial role in the transport of fatty acids for beta- oxidation. Responsible for the synthesis of short- and branched-chain acylcarnitines. Active towards some branched-chain amino acid oxidation pathway (BCAAO) intermediates. Trans-2-enoyl-CoAs and 2-methylacyl-CoAs are poor substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum Peroxisome Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex ThiBPQ involved in thiamine import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Thiamine importer (TC 3.A.1.19.1) family.


FUNCTION: Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Is involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37, together with TsaE and TsaB. TsaD likely plays a direct catalytic role in this reaction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KAE1 / TsaD family.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3'-UTR region of mRNAs and increases their stability. Involved in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differentiation: preferentially binds mRNAs that are not methylated by N6-methyladenosine (m6A), stabilizing them, promoting ESCs differentiation (By similarity). Binds to poly-U elements and AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-UTR of target mRNAs. Acts cooperatively with cribp to stabilize AU-rich sequence (ARE)-containing mRNAs. May play a role during gastrulation. Required for the vegetal localization of vg1 mRNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cell cortex Note=Enriched at the vegetal cortex in stage III and IV oocytes. Shows very weak nuclear localization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM elav family.


FUNCTION: An E and P subtype restriction enzyme that recognizes the double-stranded sequence 5'-GATC-3' and cleaves before G-1.


FUNCTION: Polycomb group (PcG) protein that specifically binds histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3) and recruits the PRC2 complex, thus enhancing PRC2 H3K27me3 methylation activity (PubMed:23142980, PubMed:23228662, PubMed:31959557). Regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation (By similarity). Promotes recruitment of the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome in differentiating XX ES cells and PRC2 recruitment to target genes in undifferentiated ES cells (By similarity). Required to repress Hox genes by enhancing H3K27me3 methylation of the PRC2 complex (By similarity). In some conditions may act as an inhibitor of PRC2 activity: able to activate the CDKN2A gene and promote cellular senescence by suppressing the catalytic activity of the PRC2 complex locally (By similarity). Binds to the metal- regulating-element (MRE) of MT1A gene promoter (By similarity). FUNCTION: Polycomb group (PcG) protein that specifically binds histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3) and recruits the PRC2 complex, thus enhancing PRC2 H3K27me3 methylation activity (By similarity). Regulates the transcriptional networks during embryonic stem cell self- renewal and differentiation. Promotes recruitment of the PRC2 complex to the inactive X chromosome in differentiating XX ES cells and PRC2 recruitment to target genes in undifferentiated ES cells. Required to repress Hox genes by enhancing H3K27me3 methylation of the PRC2 complex. In some conditions may act as an inhibitor of PRC2 activity: able to activate the CDKN2A gene and promote cellular senescence by suppressing the catalytic activity of the PRC2 complex locally. Binds to the metal-regulating-element (MRE) of MT1A gene promoter (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Localizes to chromatin as part of the PRC2 complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Localizes to chromatin as part of the PRC2 complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Polycomblike family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the base-exchange of a guanine (G) residue with the queuine precursor 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (PreQ1) at position 34 (anticodon wobble position) in tRNAs with GU(N) anticodons (tRNA-Asp, -Asn, -His and -Tyr). Catalysis occurs through a double-displacement mechanism. The nucleophile active site attacks the C1' of nucleotide 34 to detach the guanine base from the RNA, forming a covalent enzyme-RNA intermediate. The proton acceptor active site deprotonates the incoming PreQ1, allowing a nucleophilic attack on the C1' of the ribose to form the product. After dissociation, two additional enzymatic reactions on the tRNA convert PreQ1 to queuine (Q), resulting in the hypermodified nucleoside queuosine (7-(((4,5-cis-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1- yl)amino)methyl)-7-deazaguanosine). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the queuine tRNA-ribosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates, with a preference for pyrimidine deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dUTP, dTTP and dCTP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudI subfamily.


FUNCTION: This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Bradykinin receptor subfamily. BDKRB1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the retro-aldol cleavage of 2-dehydro-3,6-dideoxy- 6-sulfo-D-gluconate to (2S)-3-sulfolactaldehyde and pyruvate. Is involved in a degradation pathway of sulfoquinovose (SQ) that allows P.putida SQ1 to use SQ as the sole carbon and energy source for growth. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system PgtB/PgtA that regulates the inducible phosphoglycerate transport system. Activates PgtA by phosphorylation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein export. The function of the beta subunit is unknown, but it may be involved in stabilization of the trimeric complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SEC61-beta family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes amidations at positions B, D, E, and G on adenosylcobyrinic A,C-diamide. NH(2) groups are provided by glutamine, and one molecule of ATP is hydrogenolyzed for each amidation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CobB/CobQ family. CobQ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2- bound GDP for GTP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family.


FUNCTION: Sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that binds to the cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE), an uridine-rich sequence element (consensus sequence 5'-UUUUUAU-3') within the mRNA 3'-UTR. RNA binding results in a clear conformational change analogous to the Venus fly trap mechanism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell projection, dendrite Cell projection, dendritic spine Postsynaptic density Cell projection, axon Cell projection, growth cone Endoplasmic reticulum Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM CPEB family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.


FUNCTION: Protein with ATPase activity which forms dynamic cytoplasmic filaments (probably with paralog MamK-like) that organize magnetosomes into long chains running parallel to the long axis of the cell (Probable) (PubMed:21883528, PubMed:28790202, PubMed:23204522, PubMed:24957623). Turnover of MamK filaments is probably promoted by MamK-like, which provides a monomer pool (PubMed:24957623). Forms twisted filaments in the presence of ATP or GTP (PubMed:20161777, PubMed:23204522, PubMed:27391173). Serves to close gaps between magnetosomes in the chain (PubMed:26884433). Interaction with MCP10 is involved in controlling the response to magnetic fields, possibly by controlling flagellar rotation (PubMed:20471399). Expression in E.coli yields a filament in the cell's longitudinal axis; the protein nucleates at several sites and one extremity of the filament is located at the cell pole (PubMed:17085581, PubMed:20161777). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Magnetosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Tagged protein forms straight lines extending along most of the cell associated with its inner curvature, in the correct position to be filaments that are seen associated with magnetosomes (PubMed:17085581, PubMed:16373532, PubMed:20471399, PubMed:27481925, PubMed:21883528). Colocalizes in filaments with paralog MamK-like (PubMed:24957623). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FtsA/MreB family. MamK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in cell density sensing and might synchronize the onset of development by triggering aggregation when a majority of the cells in a given area have starved.


FUNCTION: Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit L family.


FUNCTION: Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. It has a role in both chromosomal replication and mating type transcriptional silencing. ORC binds to multiple sites within the ars1 origin of DNA replication in an ATP-independent manner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ORC6 family.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.


FUNCTION: Polymerizes chitin, a structural polymer of the cell wall and septum, by transferring the sugar moiety of UDP-GlcNAc to the non- reducing end of the growing chitin polymer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chitin synthase family. Class I subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0280 family.


FUNCTION: Iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase: part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of kainic acid (KA) and derivatives, natural products with neurochemical activity acting as ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) agonists, thus being neurotoxins (PubMed:30995339). Catalyzes the conversion of prekainic acid to kainic acid and kainic acid lactone (PubMed:30995339). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Growth hormone plays an important role in growth control and is involved in the regulation of several anabolic processes. Implicated as an osmoregulatory substance important for seawater adaptation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BCL7 family.


FUNCTION: The biological conversion of cellulose to glucose generally requires three types of hydrolytic enzymes: (1) Endoglucanases which cut internal beta-1,4-glucosidic bonds; (2) Exocellobiohydrolases that cut the disaccharide cellobiose from the non-reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain; (3) Beta-1,4-glucosidases which hydrolyze the cellobiose and other short cello-oligosaccharides to glucose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 8 (cellulase D) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Translocates lipid A-core from the inner to the outer leaflet of the inner membrane. Transmembrane domains (TMD) form a pore in the inner membrane and the ATP-binding domain (NBD) is responsible for energy generation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Lipid exporter (TC 3.A.1.106) family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in tapetum development. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. FUNCTION: Exhibits a Ca(2+)-pectate binding affinity which could be interpreted in vivo as a specificity to interact with the pectic structure of the cell wall. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Vacuole Note=Carboxy-terminal extension appears to target the protein to vacuoles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.


FUNCTION: Binds to DNA and alters its conformation. May be involved in regulation of gene expression, nucleoid organization and DNA protection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YbaB/EbfC family.


FUNCTION: C1q associates with the proenzymes C1r and C1s to yield C1, the first component of the serum complement system. The collagen-like regions of C1q interact with the Ca(2+)-dependent C1r(2)C1s(2) proenzyme complex, and efficient activation of C1 takes place on interaction of the globular heads of C1q with the Fc regions of IgG or IgM antibody present in immune complexes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein (clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP)) required for efficient endocytosis of the LDL receptor (LDLR) in polarized cells such as hepatocytes and lymphocytes, but not in non- polarized cells (fibroblasts). May be required for LDL binding and internalization but not for receptor clustering in coated pits. May facilitate the endocytosis of LDLR and LDLR-LDL complexes from coated pits by stabilizing the interaction between the receptor and the structural components of the pits. May also be involved in the internalization of other LDLR family members. Binds to phosphoinositides, which regulate clathrin bud assembly at the cell surface. Required for trafficking of LRP2 to the endocytic recycling compartment which is necessary for LRP2 proteolysis, releasing a tail fragment which translocates to the nucleus and mediates transcriptional repression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of the alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages in glycogen by scission of a 1,4-alpha-linked oligosaccharide from growing alpha-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent attachment of the oligosaccharide to the alpha-1,6 position. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes methylation of the sphingoid base component of glucosylceramides (GluCers) at the C9-position. Sphingolipid C9- methylation requires 4,8-desaturated ceramides as substrates. Glucosylceramides play important roles in growth, differentiation and pathogenicity. The methyl group at the C9-position distinguishes fungal glucosylceramides from those of plants and animals, and may thus play a role in host-pathogen interactions enabling the host to recognize the fungal attack and initiate specific defense responses. Not necessary for vegetative growth at low temperatures, but plays a role in hyphal formation on solid medium. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CFA/CMAS family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rhamnose isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of 3'-phosphate to a 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester at the end of RNA. The mechanism of action of the enzyme occurs in 3 steps: (A) adenylation of the enzyme by ATP; (B) transfer of adenylate to an RNA-N3'P to produce RNA-N3'PP5'A; (C) and attack of the adjacent 2'-hydroxyl on the 3'-phosphorus in the diester linkage to produce the cyclic end product. The biological role of this enzyme is unknown but it is likely to function in some aspects of cellular RNA processing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA 3'-terminal cyclase family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of N-acetyl-diaminopimelate to diaminopimelate and acetate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M20A family. N- acetyldiaminopimelate deacetylase subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase subunit B family.


FUNCTION: NADH-dependent reductase for KTI11/DPH3 and cytochrome b5. Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post- translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. DPH1 and DPH2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising KTI11/DPH3 and a NADH- dependent reductase, predominantly CBR1. By reducing KTI11/DPH3, also involved in the formation of the tRNA wobble base modification mcm5s 2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), mediated by the elongator complex. The cytochrome b5/NADH cytochrome b5 reductase electron transfer system supports the catalytic activity of several sterol biosynthetic enzymes. Plays a role in bud morphology. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation reaction of fatty acid synthesis by the addition to an acyl acceptor of two carbons from malonyl-ACP. Catalyzes the first condensation reaction which initiates fatty acid synthesis and may therefore play a role in governing the total rate of fatty acid production. Possesses both acetoacetyl-ACP synthase and acetyl transacylase activities. Its substrate specificity determines the biosynthesis of branched-chain and/or straight-chain of fatty acids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. FabH family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type-1 seryl-tRNA synthetase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the negative regulation of lymphocyte motility. It mediates the migration-inhibitory effects of IL6. Serves as a positive regulator of the RhoA signaling pathway. Enhancement of RhoA activation results in inhibition of lymphocyte and lymphoma cell motility by activation of its downstream effector ROCK. Is a regulator of B-cell receptor signaling, that acts through SYK kinase activation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Note=It relocalizes from the cytoplasm to podosome-like structures upon cell treatment with IL6.


FUNCTION: May act as a kinase regulator. Essential for progression of meiosis II and sporulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. LeuB type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for the assembly of the V0 complex of the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in the endoplasmic reticulum. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VMA21 family.


FUNCTION: Light-harvesting photosynthetic tetrapyrrole chromophore- protein from the phycobiliprotein complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycoerythrin family.


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase B chain family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Precursors of the cornified envelope of the stratum corneum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LCE family.


FUNCTION: An essential GTPase which binds GTP, GDP and possibly (p)ppGpp with moderate affinity, with high nucleotide exchange rates and a fairly low GTP hydrolysis rate. Plays a role in control of the cell cycle, stress response, ribosome biogenesis and in those bacteria that undergo differentiation, in morphogenesis control. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class OBG-HflX-like GTPase superfamily. OBG GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Ammonia produced by ureolysis increases the gastric pH thereby providing an environment permissive for colonization of the stomach. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Also associates with the outer membrane upon autolysis of neighboring bacteria. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the urease beta subunit family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the urease gamma subunit family.


FUNCTION: Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins and by disaggregating proteins, also in an autonomous, DnaK-independent fashion. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions between DnaJ, DnaK and GrpE are required for fully efficient folding. Also involved, together with DnaK and GrpE, in the DNA replication of plasmids through activation of initiation proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DnaJ family.


FUNCTION: Component of the small ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cytoplasm Rough endoplasmic reticulum Note=Detected on cytosolic polysomes (By similarity). Detected in ribosomes that are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.


FUNCTION: [Repetitive polypeptide element type 1c]: Shows no antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacterium B.subtilis B-501 or Gram-negative bacterium E.coli DH5-alpha at concentration up to 20 uM. FUNCTION: M-zodatoxin-Lt4b: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram- positive bacteria (A.globiformis VKM Ac-1112 (MIC=0.3 uM), and B.subtilis VKM B-501 (MIC=1.1 uM)), Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli DH5- alpha (MIC=4.4 uM), E.coli MH1 (MIC=4.4 uM), and P.aeruginosa PAO1 (MIC=>35 uM)), and yeasts (P.pastoris GS115 (MIC=>35 uM), and S.cerevisiae Y190 (MIC=35 uM)). Does not have hemolytic activity against rabbit erythrocytes. Causes paralysis, but is not lethal when injected into insect (M.domestica) larvae. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cationic peptide 03 (latarcin) family. 04 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Actin depolymerizing factor involved in the control of the disassembly of actin patches. Binds and suppresses the arp2/3 complex functions such as the promotion of actin polymerisation and branching filaments. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, actin patch. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. GMF subfamily.


FUNCTION: This protein is a negative regulator for the gene expression of the lactose/galactose metabolic genes. It binds to GAL4 and so blocks transcriptional activation by it, in the absence of an inducing sugar. SIMILARITY: To K.lactis GAL80.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the addition and repair of the essential 3'- terminal CCA sequence in tRNAs without using a nucleic acid template. Adds these three nucleotides in the order of C, C, and A to the tRNA nucleotide-73, using CTP and ATP as substrates and producing inorganic pyrophosphate. tRNA 3'-terminal CCA addition is required both for tRNA processing and repair. Also involved in tRNA surveillance by mediating tandem CCA addition to generate a CCACCA at the 3' terminus of unstable tRNAs. While stable tRNAs receive only 3'-terminal CCA, unstable tRNAs are marked with CCACCA and rapidly degraded. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA nucleotidyltransferase/poly(A) polymerase family. Bacterial CCA-adding enzyme type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Secreted subtilisin-like serine protease with keratinolytic activity that contributes to pathogenicity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TrbI/VirB10 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaG/PsaK family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of only one isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) unit in the cis configuration to E-geranyl diphosphate (E-GPP) generating the 15 carbon product (2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate (Z-FPP or EZ-FPP). Z-FPP is the precursor of decaprenyl diphosphate, which has a central role in the biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPP synthase family. Z-FPP synthase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Expression of the eut operon allows this bacteria to use ethanolamine as a carbon, nitrogen and energy source. It relies on cobalamin (vitamin B12) both as a cofactor for the ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) activity and to induce the operon (PubMed:3045078). EA enhances bacterial survival in macrophages in a concentration- dependent manner, suggesting it is an important nutrient during infection (PubMed:29531136). FUNCTION: Probably a major component of the bacterial microcompartment (BMC) shell dedicated to ethanolamine degradation (PubMed:22428024, PubMed:27063436). Each homohexamer has a central pore with an opening of up to 8.6 Angstroms. A positively-charged funnel leads to the pore from each side of the hexamer. The pore probably allows metabolite passage into and out of the BMC (By similarity). Expression of eutK, eutL, eutM, eutN, eutS (eutSMNLK) in E.coli leads to formation of a single BMC. Expression alone leads to thick filaments that interfere with cell separation (PubMed:22428024, PubMed:27063436). Coexpression of eutQ with eutSMNLK permits E.coli to make cells with more than one mobile BMC, as is usual in vivo. May play a role in BMC shell biogenesis (PubMed:27063436). Can replace homolog pduA in the pdu operon, cells grow better than wild-type on 1,2-propanediol and vitamin B12. Protein is incorporated into the pdu BMC microcompartment (PubMed:28585808). FUNCTION: The ethanolamine (EA) catabolic bacterial microcompartment (BMC) probably concentrates low levels of ethanolamine catabolic enzymes, concentrates volatile reaction intermediates, keeps the level of toxic acetaldehyde low, generates enough acetyl-CoA to support cell growth, and maintains a pool of free coenzyme A (CoA) and NAD (Probable) (PubMed:16585748). Deletion of BMC genes (eutK, eutL, eutM) restores growth of eutD deletions, suggesting there are dedicated pools of coenzyme A (CoA) and NAD in the BMC (PubMed:23585538). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Bacterial microcompartment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial microcompartments protein family.


FUNCTION: Protects against apoptosis mediated by Apaf-1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endomembrane system; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Associated with intracellular membranes.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Catalyzes the dehydration of L-malate to fumarate (By similarity). Fumarate metabolism in the cytosol plays a role during urea cycle and arginine metabolism; fumarate being a by- product of the urea cycle and amino-acid catabolism (By similarity). Also plays a role in DNA repair by promoting non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) (PubMed:20231875, PubMed:26237645). In response to DNA damage and phosphorylation by PRKDC, translocates to the nucleus and accumulates at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs): acts by catalyzing formation of fumarate, an inhibitor of KDM2B histone demethylase activity, resulting in enhanced dimethylation of histone H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me2) (PubMed:26237645). FUNCTION: [Isoform Mitochondrial]: Catalyzes the hydration of fumarate to L-malate in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to facilitate a transition step in the production of energy in the form of NADH. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible stereospecific interconversion of fumarate to L-malate (PubMed:30761759). Experiments in other species have demonstrated that specific isoforms of this protein act in defined pathways and favor one direction over the other (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Mitochondrial]: Mitochondrion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus Chromosome Note=Translocates to the nucleus in response to DNA damage: localizes to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) following phosphorylation by PRKDC. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II fumarase/aspartase family. Fumarase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization of ribose 1,5-bisphosphate (R15P) to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), the CO(2) acceptor and substrate for RubisCO. Functions in an archaeal AMP degradation pathway, together with AMP phosphorylase and RubisCO. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. R15P isomerase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of phosphoribosylamine from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and glutamine. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Cell wall formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MurCDEF family.


FUNCTION: Important for the resorption of phosphate by the kidney. May be involved in actively transporting phosphate into cells via Na(+) cotransport in the renal brush border membrane. Plays a role in urate transport in the kidney. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for the invariable Fc fragment of immunoglobulin gamma (IgG). Optimally activated upon binding of clustered antigen-IgG complexes displayed on cell surfaces, triggers lysis of antibody-coated cells, a process known as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Does not bind free monomeric IgG, thus avoiding inappropriate effector cell activation in the absence of antigenic trigger (By similarity). Mediates IgG effector functions on natural killer (NK) cells. Binds antigen-IgG complexes generated upon infection and triggers NK cell-dependent cytokine production and degranulation to limit viral load and propagation. Involved in the generation of memory- like adaptive NK cells capable to produce high amounts of IFNG and to efficiently eliminate virus-infected cells via ADCC. Regulates NK cell survival and proliferation, in particular by preventing NK cell progenitor apoptosis (By similarity). Fc-binding subunit that associates with CD247 and/or FCER1G adapters to form functional signaling complexes. Following the engagement of antigen-IgG complexes, triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-containing adapters with subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling and sustained elevation of intracellular calcium that ultimately drive NK cell activation. The ITAM-dependent signaling coupled to receptor phosphorylation by PKC mediates robust intracellular calcium flux that leads to production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, whereas in the absence of receptor phosphorylation it mainly activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling leading to cell degranulation (By similarity). Costimulates NK cells and trigger lysis of target cells independently of IgG binding (By similarity). Mediates the antitumor activities of therapeutic antibodies. Upon ligation on monocytes triggers TNFA-dependent ADCC of IgG-coated tumor cells (By similarity). Mediates enhanced ADCC in response to afucosylated IgGs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Secreted Note=Exists also as a soluble receptor.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the central metabolite phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) via the transfer of pyrophosphoryl group from ATP to 1-hydroxyl of ribose-5-phosphate (Rib- 5-P). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family. Class I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in virus cell tropism, and may be required for efficient virus replication in macrophages. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus MGF 110 family.


FUNCTION: E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates atg12 for its conjugation with atg5 and atg8 for its conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the atg8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Autophagy is essential for maintenance of amino acid levels and protein synthesis under nitrogen starvation. Required for selective autophagic degradation of the nucleus (nucleophagy) as well as for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Plays a role in the regulation of filamentous growth and chronological longevity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Preautophagosomal structure. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG7 family.


FUNCTION: Component of some SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex that plays a central role in G1 arrest following DNA damage. Specifically recognizes phosphorylated cyclin-D1 (CCND1), promoting its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome, resulting in G1 arrest (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FBXO31 family.


FUNCTION: Serves to protect the cell against DNA damage by alkyl hydroperoxides. It can use either NADH or NADPH as electron donor for direct reduction of redox dyes or of alkyl hydroperoxides when combined with the AhpC protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Nuclear receptor coactivator. May play a role in signal transduction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PNRC family. PNRC1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Functions as a highly-selective sodium transporter (PubMed:19482918, PubMed:25750424). Does not seem to function as sodium-potassium cotransporter (PubMed:19482918, PubMed:25750424). May be involved in turgor changes for rolling and unrolling of leaves in response to environmental variations (PubMed:19482918). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TrkH potassium transport family. HKT (TC 2.A.38.3) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Together with the chaperonin GroEL, plays an essential role in assisting protein folding. The GroEL-GroES system forms a nano-cage that allows encapsulation of the non-native substrate proteins and provides a physical environment optimized to promote and accelerate protein folding. GroES binds to the apical surface of the GroEL ring, thereby capping the opening of the GroEL channel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GroES chaperonin family.


FUNCTION: Choline-specific glycerophosphodiesterase that hydrolyzes glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and contributes to supplying choline to the cells (PubMed:23161088). Has a preference for LPC with short (12:0 and 14:0) or polyunsaturated (18:2 and 20:4) fatty acids. In vitro, hydrolyzes only choline-containing lysophospholipids, such as sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), platelet- activating factor (PAF) and lysoPAF, but not other lysophospholipids (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the last two sequential reactions in the de novo biosynthetic pathway for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). The C- terminal domain catalyzes the transfer of acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to glucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcN-1-P) to produce N- acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1-P), which is converted into UDP-GlcNAc by the transfer of uridine 5-monophosphate (from uridine 5- triphosphate), a reaction catalyzed by the N-terminal domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the N- acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate in the photorespiration process. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2- oxoglutarate (HMG) into 2 molecules of pyruvate. Also contains a secondary oxaloacetate (OAA) decarboxylase activity due to the common pyruvate enolate transition state formed following C-C bond cleavage in the retro-aldol and decarboxylation reactions (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class II aldolase/RraA-like family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of 7-cyano-7- deazaguanine (preQ0) to 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (preQ1). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I family. QueF type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit E family.


FUNCTION: Probable divalent metal transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NRAMP (TC 2.A.55) family.


FUNCTION: Isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase which catalyzes one of the steps of the valine catabolic pathway. To a lesser extent, is also able to catalyze the oxidation of (2S)-2-methylbutanoyl-CoA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease specific for small oligoribonucleotides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oligoribonuclease family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C14A family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits insect, but not mammalian, voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 08 (Shiva) family. 01 (omega toxin) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the central CCA1/LHY-TOC1 feedback loop in the circadian clock that promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EARLY FLOWERING 4 family.


FUNCTION: Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tachykinin family.


FUNCTION: Rhomboid-type serine protease that catalyzes intramembrane proteolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S54 family.


FUNCTION: Hormone secreted by pancreatic cells that acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NPY family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0265 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a bridging factor mediating the interaction between the R2TP/Prefoldin-like (R2TP/PFDL) complex and U5 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U5 snRNP) (By similarity). Required for the interaction of R2TP complex subunit RPAP3 and prefoldin-like subunit URI1 with U5 snRNP proteins EFTUD2 and PRPF8 (By similarity). May play a role in regulating the composition of the U5 snRNP complex (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Regulator of cell size that promotes cell size increase independently of mTOR and Hippo signaling pathways. Acts by stimulating the translation of specific mRNAs, including those encoding proteins affecting mitochondrial functions. Increases mitochondrial mass and respiration (Probable).


FUNCTION: Beta toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing. Strongly affects skeletal muscle channels Nav1.4/SCN4A, poorly affects the neuronal channels Nav1.6/SCN8A and Nav1.2/SCN2A. Induces spastic paralysis of rear limbs, increased salivation, apnea, tachycardia and increased perspiration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family. Beta subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in nucleolar integrity and required for processing of the pre-rRNA for the 60S ribosome subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CGR1 family.


FUNCTION: Ensures, when in complex with FPP3/VETH1 and COG2, the correct secondary cell wall (SCW) deposition pattern by recruiting exocyst components to cortical microtubules in xylem cells during secondary cell wall deposition by recruiting EXO70A1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vesicle Note=Present in vesicle-like small compartments which exhibit microtubule plus-end-directed and end-tracking dynamics. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FPP family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor which regulates nonfermentable carbon utilization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ERT1/acuK family.


FUNCTION: Kills Lactococci. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Host cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reduction of hydroxylamine to form NH(3) and H(2)O. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HCP family.


FUNCTION: Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Serves as a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates apical junction formation in bronchial epithelial cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Cleavage furrow Note=Translocates to the equatorial region before furrow formation in a ECT2-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and glycine with tetrahydrofolate (THF) serving as the one-carbon carrier. This reaction serves as the major source of one-carbon groups required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and other important biomolecules (PubMed:3891721, PubMed:1517215, PubMed:7925461, PubMed:10858298, PubMed:19883126). Also exhibits THF-independent aldolase activity toward beta-hydroxyamino acids, producing glycine and aldehydes, via a retro-aldol mechanism. Thus, is able to catalyze the cleavage of allothreonine and 3-phenylserine (PubMed:3891721, PubMed:1517215, PubMed:10858298, PubMed:19883126). Also catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate to 5- formyltetrahydrofolate (PubMed:2201683, PubMed:10858298). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible interconversion of serine and glycine with tetrahydrofolate (THF) serving as the one-carbon carrier. This reaction serves as the major source of one-carbon groups required for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidylate, methionine, and other important biomolecules. Also exhibits THF-independent aldolase activity toward beta-hydroxyamino acids, producing glycine and aldehydes, via a retro-aldol mechanism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHMT family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHMT family.


FUNCTION: Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA- precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.


FUNCTION: Variant histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A in a subset of nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post- translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. Required for checkpoint-mediated arrest of cell cycle progression in response to low doses of ionizing radiation and for efficient repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) specifically when modified by C-terminal phosphorylation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in anterograde transport of membrane proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BCAP29/BCAP31 family.


FUNCTION: Multidrug efflux pump. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the stepwise methylation of tricetin to its 3'- mono- and 3',5'-dimethyl ethers. No 3',4',5'-trimethylated ester derivatives are produced. Can use caffeoyl CoA, 5-hydroxyferulic acid, luteolin, tricetin, quercetin, myrcetin and 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as substrates, but not naringenin, apigenin or kaempferol. The 2,3-double bond and the O-dihydroxyl group of the substrate are both required for catalytic activity of the enzyme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in the control of the structural glucose backbone of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OpgD/OpgG family.


FUNCTION: Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.


FUNCTION: Functions as an ATPase. May play a role in metal insertion (metal-chelatase) or as a chaperone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RavA family.


FUNCTION: Gap class segmentation protein that controls development of head structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hunchback C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BPI/LBP/Plunc superfamily. BPI/LBP family.


FUNCTION: General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is transferred to the phosphoryl carrier protein HPr by enzyme I. Phospho-HPr then transfers it to the PTS EIIA domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HPr family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the intracellular degradation of the cyclic tetrasaccharide cyclobis-(1-6)-alpha-nigerosyl (CNN) formed extracellularly from starch. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,3- glucosidic linkage of cyclobis-(1-6)-alpha-nigerosyl (CNN) to yield isomaltose via a possible linear tetrasaccharide. It has a strong preference for the alpha-(1-3)-isomaltosyl moiety. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the biosynthesis of guanidinoacetate, the immediate precursor of creatine. Creatine plays a vital role in energy metabolism in muscle tissues. May play a role in embryonic and central nervous system development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amidinotransferase family.


FUNCTION: May regulate AMPA receptor content at nascent synapses, and have a role in postsynaptic development and maturation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Early endosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Postsynaptic density membrane Synapse Cell projection, dendrite Cell projection, dendritic spine Note=Shuttles between the cell surface and early endosome membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family.