FUNCTION: Positively regulates SLC1A1/EAAC1-mediated glutamate transport by increasing its affinity for glutamate in a PKC activity- dependent manner. Promotes the catalytic efficiency of SLC1A1/EAAC1 probably by reducing its interaction with ARL6IP5, a negative regulator of SLC1A1/EAAC1-mediated glutamate transport (By similarity). Plays a role in the formation and stabilization of endoplasmic reticulum tubules (PubMed:24262037). Negatively regulates apoptosis, possibly by modulating the activity of caspase-9 (CASP9). Inhibits cleavage of CASP9-dependent substrates and downstream markers of apoptosis but not CASP9 itself (PubMed:12754298). May be involved in protein transport, membrane trafficking, or cell signaling during hematopoietic maturation (PubMed:10995579). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endomembrane system; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Predominantly localized to intracytoplasmic membranes. Preferentially localizes at the ER tubules and the edge of the ER sheets, both of which are characterized by a high membrane curvature. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARL6ip family.


FUNCTION: Shows an slight inhibitory effect toward the metalloproteinase brevilysin H6, but does not inhibit the metalloproteinases thermolysin, HR1A and HR1B. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-microseminoprotein family.


FUNCTION: Isomerizes 5-N-alpha-glycinylthymidine (Nalpha-GlyT) into 5- Calpha-glycinylthymidine (Calpha-GlyT) as a step in the pathway leading to thymidine hypermodifications in the viral genome (PubMed:34522950). As a final result of the pathway of hypermodification, 5-aminoethyl-2'- deoxyuridine (5-NedU) substitutes for about 30% of thymidines in the viral DNA (PubMed:34522950, PubMed:29555775). These modifications probably prevent degradation of viral genome by the host restriction- modification antiviral defense system (PubMed:34522950).


FUNCTION: Bifunctional phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase and phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase catalyzing two reactions of the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class II subfamily. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the SAICAR synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of D-altronate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UxaA family.


FUNCTION: ATPase required for the correct placement of the division site. Cell division inhibitors MinC and MinD act in concert to form an inhibitor capable of blocking formation of the polar Z ring septums. Rapidly oscillates between the poles of the cell to destabilize FtsZ filaments that have formed before they mature into polar Z rings (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ParA family. MinD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the yadCKLM-htrE-yadVN fimbrial operon. Could contribute to adhesion to various surfaces in specific environmental niches. Probably involved in the export and assembly of fimbrial subunits across the outer membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fimbrial export usher family.


FUNCTION: Required during meiosis for separation of sister chromatids and homologous chromosomes. Proteolytic cleavage of REC8 on chromosome arms by separin during anaphase I allows for homologous chromosome separation in meiosis I and cleavage of REC8 on centromeres during anaphase II allows for sister chromatid separation in meiosis II (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Chromosome, centromere Note=In meiotic chromosomes, localized along axial elements in prophase from the leptotene to diplotene stages. At later prophase stages, diakinesis and metaphase I, localized along interstitial axes of chromosomes including both centromere and arm regions. No longer detected in arm regions in anaphase I but persists on centromere regions until metaphase II. Localized to centromeres and spindle poles in endopolyploid tumor cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rad21 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes methyl transfer from S-methylmethionine to homocysteine. The highest preference is for DL-homocysteine >> DL- cysteine. Has no selenocysteine methyltransferase activity.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the regulation of glutamine catabolism. Promotes mitochondrial respiration and increases ATP generation in cells by catalyzing the synthesis of glutamate and alpha- ketoglutarate. Increases cellular anti-oxidant function via NADH and glutathione production. May play a role in preventing tumor proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaminase family.


FUNCTION: Binds preferentially to oligosaccharides bearing the sequence Man-alpha-1->2 Man-alpha-1->6 Man-alpha-1->6Man found in early steps of glycoprotein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. It binds weakly to highly processed oligosaccharide structures. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leguminous lectin family.


FUNCTION: Lyses erythrocytes and many other mammalian cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cell membrane Note=In infected cells, it is found in the membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the delta-lysin family.


FUNCTION: Peptide which can recruit, activate and subsequently lyse human neutrophils, thus eliminating the main cellular defense against infection. Stimulates the secretion of the chemotactic factor interleukin-8 (IL-8). The ensuing activation process triggers an inflammatory response in the host, thus contributing greatly to virulence. Also possesses hemolytic activity, which may contribute to the development of disease. FUNCTION: Peptide which can recruit, activate and subsequently lyse neutrophils, thus eliminating the main cellular defense against infection. FUNCTION: Peptide which can recruit, activate and subsequently lyse human neutrophils, thus eliminating the main cellular defense against infection. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phenol-soluble modulin alpha peptides family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Acts as a catabolic phospho-lyase on both gamma- and beta-phosphorylated substrates. Degrades O-phospho-threonine (PThr) to alpha-ketobutyrate, ammonia and phosphate (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Isoform SOFAT]: Potent inducer of osteoblastic production of IL6. May act to exacerbate inflammation and/or bone turnover under inflammatory conditions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform SOFAT]: Secreted. Note=Secreted by activated T-cells via a calcineurin-independent pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the threonine synthase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of beta-ketoacyl-ACP substrates to beta-hydroxyacyl-ACP products, the first reductive step in the elongation cycle of fatty acid biosynthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Component of a cytoskeletal structure that is required for the formation of endocytic vesicles at the plasma membrane level. Plays an important role in virulence. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chlamydial CPn_0711/CT_665/TC_0036 family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator of nitrogen utilization required for nitrogen catabolite repression and utilization of isoleucine, tyrosine and tryptophan as nitrogen sources. Controls expression of the MEP2 ammonium permease, the DUR1,2 urea amidolyase, and the transcription factor STP1, which in turn mediates SAP2 expression, a long-known virulence attribute of C.albicans. Influences the filamentation process depending upon the nitrogen sources available. Required for virulence in a mouse systemic infection model. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Multidrug efflux pump that functions as a Na(+)/drug antiporter. Confers resistance to norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, daunomycin, doxorubicin, streptomycin, kanamycin, ethidium bromide and acriflavine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.


FUNCTION: The L3 protein is a component of the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a modulator of the olfactory signal-transduction cascade. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the olfactory marker protein family.


FUNCTION: A gamma subtype methylase that recognizes the double-stranded sequence 5'-GTCGAC-3', methylates A-5 on both strands, and protects the DNA from cleavage by the SalI endonuclease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N(4)/N(6)-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Transports electrons between flavodoxin or ferredoxin and NADPH. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the regulation of root growth. Acts as positive regulator of root gravitropism. Possesses E3 protein ligase activity in vitro.


FUNCTION: Probable RNA polymerase II subunit B1 C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase that regulates RNA polymerase II transcription. May have functional redundancy with RTR1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RPAP2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SYF2 family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe/S) protein assembly machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Preferentially localized to the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat CIA1 family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolase that specifically degrades the potent antimicrobial compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) to equimolar amounts of mildly toxic monoacetylphloroglucinol (MAPG) and acetate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DAPG/phloretin hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. This is a prerequisite for the S-specific NAD(P)H-hydrate dehydratase to allow the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NnrE/AIBP family.


FUNCTION: Tumor formation by A.tumefaciens involves the transfer and integration of a defined segment (T-DNA) of Ti plasmid DNA into the plant nuclear genome. The virD operon encodes a site-specific endonuclease that cleaves at a unique site within both 24 bp direct repeats flanking the T-DNA.


FUNCTION: Implicated in synaptic vesicle endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature. Required for BDNF-dependent dendrite outgrowth. Cooperates with SH3GL2 to mediate BDNF-NTRK2 early endocytic trafficking and signaling from early endosomes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Early endosome Presynapse. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the endophilin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in target of rapamycin (TOR)-regulated translation control, especially under energy-deficient conditions (PubMed:29084871). Involved in the regulation of the ethylene-mediated signaling pathway (PubMed:21631530). Involved in salt stress responses (PubMed:21631530). Reduced cotyledons size and early flowering (PubMed:21631530). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDCD4 family.


FUNCTION: Probable beta-1,3-glucanase that may be involved in the degradation of callose walls around the microspore tetrad during pollen development (Probable). May be required for pollen exine formation (PubMed:21849515). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family.


FUNCTION: May dephosphorylate MAPK13, ATF2, ERBB3, PDGFRB and SNX6 (PubMed:22792334). FUNCTION: [Isoform 3]: May play a role in the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. May play a role in the regulation of myelin formation (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of Erk1/2 phosphorylation in Schwann cells; the signaling may be linked to the regulation of myelination (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 3]: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily.


FUNCTION: Exhibits a weak phospholipase activity, acting on various phospholipids, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophospholipids (By similarity). However, in view of the small size of the putative binding pocket, it has been proposed that it may act rather as an amidase or a peptidase (PubMed:23934913). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase B-like family.


FUNCTION: Converts alpha-amino-beta-carboxymuconate-epsilon- semialdehyde (ACMS) to alpha-aminomuconate semialdehyde (AMS). ACMS can be converted non-enzymatically to quinolate (QA), a key precursor of NAD, and a potent endogenous excitotoxin of neuronal cells which is implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders. In the presence of ACMSD, ACMS is converted to AMS, a benign catabolite. ACMSD ultimately controls the metabolic fate of tryptophan catabolism along the kynurenine pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ACMSD family.


FUNCTION: DOK proteins are enzymatically inert adaptor or scaffolding proteins. They provide a docking platform for the assembly of multimolecular signaling complexes. DOK1 appears to be a negative regulator of the insulin signaling pathway. Modulates integrin activation by competing with talin for the same binding site on ITGB3 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DOK family. Type A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor (PubMed:14993191, PubMed:20553900). Binds to the DNA sequence motif 5'- [TA]TGTT[TG]T[TG][ATG]TT-3' (PubMed:20553900). Regulates sexual dimorphism in the gonad, promoting male gonadal cell fates in chromosomally (XO) male animals, yet plays a role in gonadogenesis in both sexes; probably acts downstream of terminal regulator of sex determination tra-1, to control early gonadogenesis (PubMed:14993191). Positively modulates expression of homeobox protein egl-5, probably acting indirectly, during early gonadal development (PubMed:20553900). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: [Endosome lysis protein]: Structural component of the virion that provides increased stability to the particle shell through its interaction with the core-capsid bridging protein and the hexon-linking protein VIII. Fibers shedding during virus entry into host cell allows the endosome lysis protein to be exposed as a membrane-lytic peptide. Exhibits pH-independent membrane fragmentation activity and probably mediates viral rapid escape from host endosome via organellar membrane lysis. It is not clear if it then remains partially associated with the capsid and involved in the intracellular microtubule-dependent transport of capsid to the nucleus, or if it is lost during endosomal penetration. FUNCTION: [Pre-protein VI]: During virus assembly, promotes hexon trimers nuclear import through nuclear pore complexes via an importin alpha/beta-dependent mechanism. By analogy to herpesviruses capsid assembly, might act as a chaperone to promote the formation of the icosahedral capsid. FUNCTION: [Protease cofactor]: Cofactor that activates the viral protease. Binds to viral protease in a 1:1 ratio. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Pre-protein VI]: Host nucleus Host cytoplasm Note=Shuttles between host cytoplasm and nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Endosome lysis protein]: Virion Note=Associates with the base of each peripentonal hexon on the capsid interior. Present in around 360 copies per virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae protein VI family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the production of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) component of the extracellular matrix during biofilm formation. EPS is responsible for the adhesion of chains of cells into bundles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide pyruvyl transferase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the elongation phase of viral strand displacement replication by unwinding the template in an ATP- independent fashion, employing its capacity to form multimers. Also enhances the rate of initiation. Released from template upon second strand synthesis. Assembles in complex with viral pTP, viral pol, host NFIA and host POU2F1/OCT1 on viral origin of replication. Covers the whole ssDNA genome during synthesis. The complementary strand synthesis induces its relese from DNA template. May inhibit cellular transcription mediated by the interaction between host SRCAP and CBP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus Note=Accumulates in infected cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae E2A DNA-binding protein family.


FUNCTION: Gas vesicles (GV) are hollow, gas filled proteinaceous nanostructures found in some microorganisms. During planktonic growth they allow positioning of the organism at a favorable depth for light or nutrient acquisition. GVs are highly permeable to gas (Ref.7). GvpA forms the protein shell (PubMed:6409075, PubMed:3098234, PubMed:1527496, PubMed:3141741, PubMed:14695294, PubMed:20858439, Ref.5, PubMed:22147705). The ratio of GvpA:GvpC is estimated to be 33:1 and more recently 25:1 (PubMed:3141741, PubMed:8254305). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Gas vesicle shell Note=Both the N- and C-termini of the protein (but not interior sequences between Ser-5 and Glu-58) are accessible to proteases; GVs remain intact after trypsin treatment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gas vesicle protein type A family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'- ATTTGCAT-3') (PubMed:1972777, PubMed:1690859, PubMed:1967980, PubMed:17525163, PubMed:23376973). Forms a trimeric complex with SOX2 or SOX15 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206 (PubMed:15863505, PubMed:17097055, PubMed:17496161, PubMed:19740739). Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency (PubMed:1972777, PubMed:1690859, PubMed:17496161, PubMed:18662995, PubMed:19740739, PubMed:29153991, PubMed:23376973, PubMed:32703285). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Expressed in a diffuse and slightly punctuate pattern (By similarity). Colocalizes with MAPK8 and MAPK9 in the nucleus (PubMed:29153991). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase F chain family.


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA degradation. Hydrolyzes single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3' to 5' direction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNR ribonuclease family. RNase II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that may participate in various redox reactions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family.


FUNCTION: May contribute to resistance to some drugs, such as deoxycholate, sodium dodecyl sulfate and nalidixic acid, in the absence of BepD and BepE. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family.


FUNCTION: Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional enzyme with glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity. The disulfide bond functions as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by the enzyme ribonucleotide reductase. In addition, it is also involved in reducing cytosolic protein- and non-protein-disulfides in a coupled system with glutathione reductase. May play a role in protection against oxidative stress caused by superoxide in vivo by regulating the redox state of the protein sulfhydryl groups. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaredoxin family.


FUNCTION: Mediates active uptake of hexoses by sugar:proton symport. Can transport glucose, xylose and 3-O-methylglucose (PubMed:12723603). May play a role at the early stage of seed development (Ref.5). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.


FUNCTION: Endohydrolysis of the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl unit in high- mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins. Does not hydrolyze complex bi- or triantennary glycans. The presence of a core-bound fucose impedes endo F1 hydrolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the perception of CLV3 and CLV3-like (CLE) peptides, that acts as a extracellular signals regulating meristems maintenance. Modulates root, shoot and flower apical meristems maintenance and floral organ development regulation, probably via CLAVATA (CLV)-like pathways involving at least CLV3 and CLE19. In complex with CLV2, perceives secreted CLV3-like effector proteins from plant-parasitic cyst nematodes as ligand mimics of the plant CLE signaling pathway (PubMed:21265896). This recognition is required for proper feeding structure (syncytium) development and ultimately successful nematode infection (PubMed:21265896). CLE14 perception by CLV2/CRN complex triggers root meristem differentiation (PubMed:20697738, PubMed:28586647). Required for the sensing of the root CLE peptides (e.g. CLE8, CLE9/CLE10, CLE11, CLE13, CLE14, CLE16, CLE17, CLE18, CLE20, CLE21, CLE25, CLE26, CLE40, CLE41/CLE44 and CLE45), which involves also CLV2 and leads to root growth regulation, mostly in the phloem and protophloem (PubMed:28607033). Promotes the accumulation of BAM3, especially at later stages of protophloem development (PubMed:28607033). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Requires CLV2 for export from the endoplasmic reticulum and localization to the plasma membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Galactosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the bilayer-forming membrane lipid alpha-galactosyl-glucosyldiacylglycerol which is involved in maintaining constant nonbilayer/bilayer conditions (curvature packing stress). Also involved in the beta-lactam resistance. Catalyzes the transfer of a galactosyl residue from UDP-Gal to alpha-glucosyl-DAG (1,2-diacyl-3-O-(alpha-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn- glycerol) acceptor to form the corresponding galactosyl-glycosyl-DAG product (3-O-alpha-(D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-(1->2)-D-glucopyranosyl)- 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol). It can only use UDP-Gal as sugar donor and alpha-glucosyl-DAG is the preferred sugar acceptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). Cadherins contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types, and thereby play an important role during embryonic development (PubMed:12091300). Required for normal neural tube morphogenesis (PubMed:12091300, PubMed:21115806). Required to allow mid- and hindbrain neurons to reach and maintain their appropriate positions within the neural tube by restricting neuronal motility within the embryonic mid- and hindbrain (PubMed:12091300). Functions with protocadherin pcdh19 to coordinate cell adhesion and cell movements during neurulation (PubMed:21115806). pcdh19 shows little cell adhesion activity on its own but exhibits robust homophilic cell adhesion when in a complex with cdh2 and appears to mediate the adhesion while cdh2 acts as a cell adhesion cofactor in the complex (PubMed:21115806, PubMed:22184198, PubMed:33004519). Contributes to neural progenitor cell patterning by promoting homophilic cell interactions (PubMed:33004519). Required for proper neurite branching. Required for pre- and postsynaptic organization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell membrane, sarcolemma Cell junction Cell surface Cell junction, desmosome Cell junction, adherens junction.


FUNCTION: Involved in the restart of stalled replication forks. Recognizes and binds the arrested nascent DNA chain at stalled replication forks. It can open the DNA duplex, via its helicase activity, and promote assembly of the primosome and loading of the major replicative helicase DnaB onto DNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. PriA subfamily.


FUNCTION: PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.


FUNCTION: Activator of CDK5/TPKII. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the demethylation of N,N-dimethylglycine to sarcosine. Also has activity with sarcosine in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GcvT family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Dictyostelium gerABC family.


FUNCTION: Essential subunit of both the farnesyltransferase and the geranylgeranyltransferase complex. Contributes to the transfer of a farnesyl or geranylgeranyl moiety from farnesyl or geranylgeranyl diphosphate to a cysteine at the fourth position from the C-terminus of several proteins having the C-terminal sequence Cys-aliphatic- aliphatic-X. May positively regulate neuromuscular junction development downstream of MUSK via its function in RAC1 prenylation and activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit alpha family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system DctS/DctR. Probably activates DctR by phosphorylation. Essential for expression of dctP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chlamydial CPn_0499/CT_392/TC_0671 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ycf15 family.


FUNCTION: Methylates caffeoyl-CoA to feruloyl-CoA and 5- hydroxyferuloyl-CoA to sinapoyl-CoA. Plays a role in the synthesis of feruloylated polysaccharides. Involved in the reinforcement of the plant cell wall. Also involved in the responding to wounding or pathogen challenge by the increased formation of cell wall-bound ferulic acid polymers. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-dependent O-methyltransferase family. CCoAMT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the import of threonine and serine into the cell, with the concomitant import of a proton (symport system). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. SdaC/TdcC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=Associated with kinetochores. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NDC80/HEC1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. ADCK protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Active with aldehydes and formate esters as substrates.


FUNCTION: Serine and cysteine protease inhibitor. Can inhibit lysosomal papain-like proteases including the cathepsins B, G, H, K, L and V. Ineffective against elastase, granzyme A, granzyme B, or caspases 3, 8 or 9. Inhibition of cytoplasmic cathepsin B following release from the lysosome may protect cells from apoptosis. This may facilitate the survival of progenitor T-cells and the subsequent development of long term memory CD8 T-cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family.


FUNCTION: The enzymes which catalyze the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine nucleosides are involved in the degradation of these compounds and in their utilization as carbon and energy sources, or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. FUNCTION: The enzymes which catalyze the reversible phosphorolysis of pyrimidine nucleosides are involved in the degradation of these compounds and in their utilization as carbon and energy sources, or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidine/pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidine/pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase family.


FUNCTION: The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. Has a role in chromosome segregation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GINS2/PSF2 family.


FUNCTION: Proton symporter that senses osmotic shifts and responds by importing osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, stachydrine, pipecolic acid, ectoine and taurine. It is both an osmosensor and an osmoregulator which is available to participate early in the bacterial osmoregulatory response (By similarity). FUNCTION: Proton symporter that senses osmotic shifts and responds by importing osmolytes such as proline, glycine betaine, stachydrine, pipecolic acid, ectoine and taurine. It is both an osmosensor and an osmoregulator which is available to participate early in the bacterial osmoregulatory response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Metabolite:H+ Symporter (MHS) family (TC 2.A.1.6) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FXYD family.


FUNCTION: Required for exosome-dependent processing of pre-rRNA and small nucleolar RNA (snRNA) precursors. Involved in processing of 35S pre-rRNA at the A0, A1 and A2 sites (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the C1D family.


FUNCTION: In the nucleus, enhances stability of the PCAF histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex member TADA2A and thus promotes PCAF- mediated H3K14 and H4K8 HAT activity. May inhibit TADA2A-mediated TP53/p53 'Lys-321' acetylation, leading to reduced TP53 stability and transcriptional activity. May also promote TADA2A-mediated XRCC6 acetylation thus facilitating cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage. FUNCTION: In extracellular secreted form, promotes proliferation and activation of CD8(+) T cells, suggesting a cytokine-like function (PubMed:25125657). Enhances cytotoxic anti-tumor activity of CD8(+) T cells (PubMed:25125657). May inhibit ERK and JNK signaling activity (PubMed:18087676, PubMed:23070808). May suppress cell migration and invasion activity, via its effects on ERK and JNK signaling (PubMed:23070808). Has a critical role in the regulation of osteogenesis and bone development (PubMed:32181939). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Secreted Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Accumulates in the nucleus in response to UV irradiation (PubMed:22644376). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCDC134 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in apoptosis. May act as a tumor suppressor (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.


FUNCTION: Negatively regulates post-translational modifications of tubulin, including detyrosination of the C-terminus and polyglutamylation of glutamate residues. Also, indirectly promotes histone H4 trimethylation at 'Lys-20' (H4K20me3). Probably by controlling tubulin and/or histone H4 post-translational modifications, plays a role in mitosis and in maintaining chromosome number stability. During RNA virus-mediated infection, acts as a negative regulator of the RIG-I pathway by preventing MAVS binding to TBK1 and IKBKE. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Midbody Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Nucleus Note=Predominantly localizes in the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell (Probable). The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules (Probable). The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain (Probable). The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel (Probable). Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA-precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in inducing apoptosis and is involved in the repair of head patterning defects in the embryo caused by extra maternal copies of the homeotic gene bicoid.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Represses its own expression as well as that of the gluconate permease GntP (PubMed:28752954). It employs an effector mediated de-repression mechanism: in the absence of ligand, GntR binds to the gntR and gntP promoters and represses their expression. The release of promoter bound GntR is induced by gluconate and 6-phosphogluconate that bind with similar apparent affinities to the GntR/DNA complex. The release of GntR leads to transcription of the genes (PubMed:28752954).


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA processing and export (PubMed:1429834, PubMed:8675010, PubMed:15542855, PubMed:19061647). Required for efficient splicing of a large set of pre-mRNAs by efficient co- transcriptional recruitment of the splicing machinery (PubMed:19061647, PubMed:23209445). Remains associated with the mRNP during early steps of translation elongation (PubMed:15542855). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, Stress granule Note=Nuclear at steady state and its import is mediated by the karyopherin MTR10 (PubMed:14676199, PubMed:15542855). Export is dependent on active transcription and the export of mRNAs in general (PubMed:8675010, PubMed:14676199). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM GAR family.


FUNCTION: Manganese-binding polypeptide with L-arginine metabolizing enzyme activity. Component of the core of photosystem II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbY family.


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). The b'-subunit is a diverged and duplicated form of b found in plants and photosynthetic bacteria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase B chain family.


FUNCTION: Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. FUNCTION: Involved in defense response to powdery meldew fungus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Accepts the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8/RUB1 from the UBA3- ULA1 E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBC12 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: To B.subtilis ComEC.


FUNCTION: Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase involved in the hydrolysis of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 11 (cellulase G) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aquareoviridae NS5 protein family.


FUNCTION: Oligomeric Apaf-1 mediates the cytochrome c-dependent autocatalytic activation of pro-caspase 9 (Apaf-3), leading to the activation of caspase-3 and apoptosis. This activation requires ATP (By similarity).


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RluA family.


FUNCTION: CIPK serine-threonine protein kinases interact with CBL proteins. Binding of a CBL protein to the regulatory NAF domain of CIPK protein lead to the activation of the kinase in a calcium-dependent manner (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Targeted to the tonoplast when interacting with CBL2 or CBL3 and to the cell membrane when interacting with CBL8. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of 2-deoxy-scyllo-inosamine (DOIA) with NAD(+) or NADP(+), forming 3-amino-2,3-dideoxy-scyllo-inosose (amino-DOI). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. DOIA dehydrogenase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cell cortex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Verruculogen synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of fumitremorgins, indole alkaloids that carry not only intriguing chemical structures, but also interesting biological and pharmacological activities (PubMed:23109474). The biosynthesis of fumitremorgin-type alkaloids begins by condensation of the two amino acids L-tryptophan and L-proline to brevianamide F, catalyzed by the non-ribosomal peptide synthetase ftmPS/ftmA (By similarity). Brevianamide F is then prenylated by the prenyltransferase ftmPT1/ftmB in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate, resulting in the formation of tryprostatin B (By similarity). The three cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, ftmP450-1/ftmC, ftmP450-2/ftmE and ftmP450-3/FtmG, are responsible for the conversion of tryprostatin B to 6- hydroxytryprostatin B, tryprostatin A to fumitremorgin C and fumitremorgin C to 12,13-dihydroxyfumitremorgin C, respectively (By similarity). The putative methyltransferase ftmMT/ftmD is expected for the conversion of 6-hydroxytryprostatin B to tryprostatin A (By similarity). FtmPT2/FtmH catalyzes the prenylation of 12,13- dihydroxyfumitre-morgin C in the presence of dimethylallyl diphosphate, resulting in the formation of fumitremorgin B (By similarity). Fumitremorgin B is further converted to verruculogen by ftmOx1/ftmF via the insertion of an endoperoxide bond between the two prenyl moieties (By similarity). Finally, verruculogen is further converted to fumitremorgin A by the verruculogen prenyltransferase ftmPT3 (PubMed:23109474). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PhyH family.


FUNCTION: Chemotactic for resting T-lymphocytes, and eosinophils (PubMed:15647285). Has lower chemotactic activity for neutrophils but none for monocytes and activated lymphocytes. Is a strong suppressor of colony formation by a multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cell line. Binds to CCR3 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.


FUNCTION: Component of two multicomponent enzyme systems which are involved in the catabolism of naphthalene (PubMed:9573207, PubMed:11872705). Plays a role as an electron transfer component for both salicylate 5-hydroxylase (S5H) and naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase (NDO) systems, by transferring electrons from NAD(P)H to the oxygenase component via the ferredoxin NagAb (PubMed:9573207, PubMed:11872705). The electron transport chain from the two systems can use both NADH and NADPH as electron donors at approximately similar rates (PubMed:11872705). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase ferredoxin reductase family.


FUNCTION: High affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides (fMLP), which are powerful neutrophil chemotactic factors. Binding of fMLP to the receptor stimulates intracellular calcium mobilization and superoxide anion release. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Receptor for TAFA4, mediates its effects on chemoattracting macrophages, promoting phagocytosis and increasing ROS release (By similarity). Receptor for cathepsin CTSG, leading to increased phagocyte chemotaxis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Internalizes in presence of its ligand, TAFA4. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatostatin family.


FUNCTION: Specifically catalyzes the beta-elimination of phosphate from L-phosphoserine and the beta-addition of sulfite to the dehydroalanine intermediate to produce L-cysteate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the threonine synthase family. Cysteate synthase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of L-arabinitol to L- xylulose in the fungal L-arabinose catabolic pathway. L-arabinose catabolism is important for using plant material as a carbon source. Not active with NADP as cosubstrate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: More likely to influence phosphoinositide metabolism than actin assembly. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the profilin family.


FUNCTION: May function as a coactivator for aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear receptors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Detected in the cytoplasm at stages I- II. Detected in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, except for the germ plasm, of almost all cells in cleaving embryos (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CALCOCO family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in polymerization and/or export of exopolysaccharide EPS I which functions as a virulence factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BexD/CtrA/VexA family.


FUNCTION: Involved with the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) in transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II, and in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency. Required for maintenance of ESCs self-renewal and cellular reprogramming of stem cells. Maintains pluripotency by recruiting and stabilizing PAF1C on pluripotency genes loci, and by regulating the expression of the pluripotency genes. Regulates the deposition of elongation-associated histone modifications, including dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-79' (H3K79me2) and trimethylated histone H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3), on PAF1C targets, self-renewal and pluripotency genes. Regulates RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pause release of the PAF1C targets and self- renewal genes, and the levels of elongating ('Ser-2' phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II in their gene bodies. Regulates muscle specification in adult stem cells by stabilizing PAF1C in chromatin to promote myogenic differentiation (By similarity). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex (PubMed:27720643, PubMed:28541300). SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (PubMed:12234937). Acts as a transcriptional regulator by binding to the GJA1/Cx43 promoter and enhancing its up-regulation by ESR1/ER-alpha (By similarity). As a component of the minor spliceosome, involved in the splicing of U12-type introns in pre-mRNAs (Probable). FUNCTION: Involved with the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) in transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II, and in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency. Required for maintenance of ESCs self-renewal and cellular reprogramming of stem cells. Maintains pluripotency by recruiting and stabilizing PAF1C on pluripotency genes loci, and by regulating the expression of the pluripotency genes. Regulates the deposition of elongation-associated histone modifications, including dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-79' (H3K79me2) and trimethylated histone H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3), on PAF1C targets, self-renewal and pluripotency genes. Regulates RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pause release of the PAF1C targets and self- renewal genes, and the levels of elongating ('Ser-2' phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II in their gene bodies. Regulates muscle specification in adult stem cells by stabilizing PAF1C in chromatin to promote myogenic differentiation (By similarity). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex. SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional regulator by binding to the GJA1/Cx43 promoter and enhancing its up-regulation by ESR1/ER-alpha (PubMed:12810571). FUNCTION: Involved with the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) in transcriptional elongation by RNA polymerase II, and in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) pluripotency. Required for maintenance of ESCs self-renewal and cellular reprogramming of stem cells. Maintains pluripotency by recruiting and stabilizing PAF1C on pluripotency genes loci, and by regulating the expression of the pluripotency genes. Regulates the deposition of elongation-associated histone modifications, including dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-79' (H3K79me2) and trimethylated histone H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3), on PAF1C targets, self-renewal and pluripotency genes. Regulates RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pause release of the PAF1C targets and self- renewal genes, and the levels of elongating ('Ser-2' phosphorylated) RNA polymerase II in their gene bodies. Regulates muscle specification in adult stem cells by stabilizing PAF1C in chromatin to promote myogenic differentiation (PubMed:27749823). Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as a component of the splicing factor SF3B complex. SF3B complex is required for 'A' complex assembly formed by the stable binding of U2 snRNP to the branchpoint sequence (BPS) in pre-mRNA. Sequence independent binding of SF3A/SF3B complex upstream of the branch site is essential, it may anchor U2 snRNP to the pre-mRNA (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional regulator by binding to the GJA1/Cx43 promoter and enhancing its up-regulation by ESR1/ER-alpha (By similarity). As a component of the minor spliceosome, involved in the splicing of U12-type introns in pre-mRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus speckle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus speckle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus speckle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PHF5 family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of cell wall integrity (CWI) in unstressed cells, probably by inhibiting protein kinase ksg1/ppk21 activity and regulating their downstream CWI pathways pck2-MAP kinase pathway and protein kinase gad8 pathway. Activity may be regulated by the transient increase of sphingolipid long chain bases (LCBs) during heat stress (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leptin family.


FUNCTION: Required for endoplasmic reticulum organization and proper vesicular traffic during vitellogenesis. Required for oocyte and bristle growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the jagunal family.


FUNCTION: ATPase which is responsible for recognizing, binding, unfolding and translocation of substrate proteins into the archaeal 20S proteasome core particle. Is essential for opening the gate of the 20S proteasome via an interaction with its C-terminus, thereby allowing substrate entry and access to the site of proteolysis. Thus, the C- termini of the proteasomal ATPase function like a 'key in a lock' to induce gate opening and therefore regulate proteolysis. Unfolding activity requires energy from ATP hydrolysis, whereas ATP binding alone promotes ATPase-20S proteasome association which triggers gate opening, and supports translocation of unfolded substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in promoting cell proliferation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SAAL1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional terpene synthase converts dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) and isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) into a cyclopiane-type diterpene (PubMed:30179018). The C-terminal prenyltransferase (PT) domain of PcCS catalyzes formation of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP), whereas the N-terminal terpene cyclase (TC) domain catalyzes the cyclization of GGPP to the cyclopiane-type diterpene (PubMed:30179018). SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the terpene synthase family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Component of the ASTRA complex involved in chromatin remodeling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat ASA1 family.


FUNCTION: Lectin which functions in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control and ER-associated degradation (ERAD). May bind terminally misfolded non-glycosylated proteins as well as improperly folded glycoproteins, retain them in the ER, and possibly transfer them to the ubiquitination machinery and promote their degradation. Possible targets include TRPV4 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OS-9 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the high-affinity ATP-driven potassium transport (or Kdp) system, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the electrogenic transport of potassium into the cytoplasm. This subunit is responsible for energy coupling to the transport system and for the release of the potassium ions to the cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Serves as a slightly cation selective porin. Major antigen on the gonococcal cell surface and it may have pathogenic properties in addition to its porin activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Gram-negative porin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biogenesis of the CS6 fimbria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the periplasmic pilus chaperone family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in cell protection during the inflammatory response. In epithelial cells, negatively regulates IL6 production and apoptosis through the regulation of MT2A expression (PubMed:24916366). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EOLA family.


FUNCTION: Shelters ceramides and diacylglycerol lipids inside its START domain and mediates the intracellular trafficking of ceramides and diacylglycerol lipids in a non-vesicular manner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Preferentially localized to the Golgi apparatus.


FUNCTION: May play a role in DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) clearance through a SUMO-dependent recruitment to sites of DPCs, ensuring the genomic stability by protecting germ cells and early embryos from various sources of damage (PubMed:30914427). Can resolve the topoisomerase II (TOP2A) DPCs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, PML body Chromosome Note=Co-localizes with SUMO2 at PML bodies in all interphase cells (PubMed:30914427). Localizes on condensed chromosomes in spermatocytes in G2 and M during meiotic prophase (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serine-aspartate repeat-containing protein (SDr) family.


FUNCTION: Modulates the O-glycosylation and complex N-glycosylation steps occurring during the Golgi maturation of APP. Inhibits APP transport to the cell surface and further shedding (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM59 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of free fatty acids to n- alkanes or n-alkenes in response to blue light (PubMed:28860382, PubMed:30106504, PubMed:30673222). Substrate preference is toward fatty acids with C16 or C17 chains (PubMed:28860382, PubMed:30106504, PubMed:30673222). Saturated fatty acids are converted to alkanes, not alkenes (PubMed:28860382). The decarboxylation is initiated through electron abstraction from the fatty acid by the photo-excited FAD (PubMed:28860382). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: May play an essential role not only during sporulation, but also during vegetative growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SEDS family. SpoVE subfamily.


FUNCTION: BCL2-like protein which disrupts the host immune response by inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway leading to NF-kappa-B activation. Acts close to the plasma membrane and targets several host TIR-domain containing adapter proteins including MYD88, TIRAP, TRIF and TICAM2. In turn, blocks the host NF-kappa-B and TRIF-mediated IRF3 activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG176 family.


FUNCTION: May participate in the translocation of oligosaccharide from the cytoplasmic side to the lumenal side of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RFT1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in membrane remodeling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Vacuole membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant DMP1 protein family.


FUNCTION: Mediates voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel activity is up-regulated by cAMP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the potassium channel family. A (Shaker) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv1.8/KCNA10 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Torulene dioxygenase; part of pathway that mediates the biosynthesis of neurosporaxanthin, a carboxylic apocarotenoid acting as an essential protective pigments and leading to orange pigmentation (PubMed:17610084). Cao-2 mediates the cleavage of torulene into beta- apo-4'-carotenal, the aldehyde corresponding to the acidic neurosporaxanthin (PubMed:17610084). Is not able to use gamma-carotene (that it is not desaturated at the C4'-C5' bond) as substrate, which suggests a high specificity of cao-2 in cleaving the C4'-C5' double bond (PubMed:17610084). Neurosporaxanthin is synthesized from geranyl- geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) through several enzymatic activities. Phytoene synthase activity performed by the bifunctional enzyme al-2 first produces phytoene from geranyl-geranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). The phytoene dehydrogenase al-1 then introduces 5 desaturations to lead to 3,4-didehydrolycopene via the intermediates phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene and lycopene. Al-2 cyclase activity then converts 3,4- didehydrolycopene into torulene. Al-2 can also convet lycopene into gamma-carotene which in turn is converted to beta-carotene by an additional al-2 cyclization reaction. Torulene is the substrate of the dioxidase cao-2 that breaks the molecule, removing five carbon atoms to yield beta-apo-4'-carotenal, whereas the aldehyde dehydrogenase ylo-1 mediates the last step by converting beta-apo-4'-carotenal into neurosporaxanthin (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Forms calcium-sensitive chloride channels. Permeable to bicarbonate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anion channel-forming bestrophin (TC 1.A.46) family. Calcium-sensitive chloride channel subfamily.


FUNCTION: Possibly the antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Its cognate toxin is VapC12 (Potential). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0330 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 25 family.


FUNCTION: Septins are GTPases involved in cytokinesis that assemble early in the cell cycle as a patch at the incipient bud site and form a ring approximate 15 minutes before bud emergence, which transforms into an hour-glass shaped collar of cortical filaments that spans both sides of the mother-bud neck. This collar persists until just before cytokinesis, when it splits into two rings that occupy opposite sides of the neck. The septins at the bud neck serve as a structural scaffold that recruits different components involved in diverse processes at specific stages during the cell cycle. Many proteins bind asymmetrically to the septin collar. The septin assembly is regulated by protein kinases GIN4 and/or CLA4. May act by recruiting MYO1 and HOF1, a protein involved in septation, to the site of cleavage. Septins are also involved in cell morphogenesis, bud site selection, chitin deposition, cell cycle regulation, cell compartmentalization and spore wall formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Bud neck Note=Present at the bud neck during cell division. Probably interacts with phosphoinosides such as phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate or phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pantothenate (Pan), the first step in CoA biosynthesis. Cannot utilize a phosphoryl donor other than ATP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type III pantothenate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Possesses quercetin 3-O-glucosyltransferase activity in vitro. Also active in vitro on benzoates and benzoate derivatives. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Not necessary for mannitol utilization. May be involved in regulation of the mannitol phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS).


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase B chain family.


FUNCTION: This protein is a minor sialoglycoprotein in human erythrocyte membranes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycophorin-A family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of aquaporin PIP2-1. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 enzymes UCB8/UCB10. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in axon and dendrite arborization during cranial nerve development (PubMed:24044555). Also important for neural crest migration and early development of other anterior structures including eye, brain and cranial cartilage (PubMed:28104388). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle Cell projection, axon Cell projection, dendrite Note=In developing neurons, accumulates in early growth cones and at branching points of axons and dendrites. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N4BP3 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. May act as a specificity factor that binds precursor rRNAs and tethers the enzymes that carry out the early 5' to 3' exonucleolytic reactions that generate the mature rRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL30 family.


FUNCTION: Expression of the ptox operon (ntnh-orfX1-orfX2-orfX3-pmp1) in B.thuringiensis kills Anopheles but not Aedes mosquito 3rd instar larvae. The ntnh-pmp1 construct is about half as toxic. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TULIP P47 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the addition of an amino acid to the nucleotide precursor UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate (UMAG) in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MurCDEF family. MurE subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of sn-l,2- diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial diacylglycerol kinase family.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of terpestacin (PubMed:29185768). The bifunctional terpene synthase tpcA converts isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) into the sesterterpene preterpestacin I (PubMed:29185768). The C-terminal prenyltransferase (PT) domain of tpcA catalyzes formation of GFPP, whereas the N-terminal terpene cyclase (TC) domain catalyzes the cyclization of GFPP into preterpestacin I (PubMed:29185768). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase tpcB then hydroxylates preterpestacin I to yield 24- hydroxypreterpstacin I (renamed as preterpestacin II) whereas the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase tpcC further hydroxylates preterpestacin II to yield 16,17-dihydroxypreterpestacin II (renamed as preterpestacin III) (PubMed:29417814). Finally, the FAD-dependent monooxygenase tpcD converts preterpestacin III into terpestacin (PubMed:29417814). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Essential inner membrane component of the type IV pilus (T4P) that plays a role in surface and host cell adhesion, colonization, biofilm maturation, virulence, and twitching, a form of surface- associated motility facilitated by cycles of extension, adhesion, and retraction of T4P fibers. Controls both pilus assembly and disassembly and plays an important role in PilB localization to the complex and ATPase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GSP F family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the inhibition of host immune response within the nucleus. Interacts with cellular nucleosomes and immobilizes the host immune danger signal HMGB1 on chromatin. In turn, prevents HMGB1 release out of the cell and thus decreases inflammation. Also plays a role in the wrapping and condensation of the viral DNA. May also promote viral genome import into the nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Histone-like nucleoprotein]: Virion Note=Located inside the capsid in association with the viral DNA (core). Present in about 1070 copies per virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Pre-histone-like nucleoprotein]: Host nucleus, host nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae histone-like nucleoprotein family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in transcriptional repression (By similarity). May play a role in the maintenance of the circadian clock periodicity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, Stress granule Mitochondrion Note=Continuously travels in and out of the nucleus. Localizes to stress granules in response to oxidative stress. A small subset localizes in mitochondria.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor. Down-regulates transcription activation by NF-kappa-B by promoting the deacetylation of RELA at 'Lys-310'. Promotes HDAC1 binding to promoter regions. Down-regulates expression of anti-apoptotic genes that are controlled by NF-kappa-B. Promotes apoptosis in cells that have inadequate adherence to a substrate, a process called anoikis, and may thereby inhibit metastasis. May be a mediator of metastasis suppression in breast carcinoma. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Note=Predominantly nuclear. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BRMS1 family.


FUNCTION: Displays both high peroxidase and manganese peroxidase activity. Is likely involved in lignin degradation. Also has a Mn- dependent oxidase mode of action that expands its substrate scope in vitro; is thus able to catalyze the O(2)- and Mn-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of 4-methoxymandelate to anisaldehyde. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Although no signal sequence is found, the secretory machinery for actinomycetes is not fully characterized, and the low pH optimum for DyP2 along with the observation that many DyPs have been isolated from the secreted protein fraction imply that DyP2 could be secreted and still possibly play a role in extracellular oxidation chemistry (PubMed:23054399). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DyP-type peroxidase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione. Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate. Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol. Required for clearance of cellular formaldehyde, a cytotoxic and carcinogenic metabolite that induces DNA damage. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Accessory component of both the DNA polymerase delta complex and possibly the DNA polymerase zeta complex (By similarity). As a component of the delta complex, participates in high fidelity genome replication, including lagging strand synthesis, DNA recombination and repair (By similarity). Appears to promote the function of the DNA pol- delta complex accessory subunit PolD3 in both embryonic and postembryonic somatic cells (PubMed:31100062). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=In embryos, accumulates in the nucleus during interphase but disperses into the nucleoplasm at the onset of mitosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA polymerase delta/II small subunit family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Organophosphate:Pi antiporter (OPA) (TC 2.A.1.4) family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in regulating gene expression in dopaminergic neurons, acting redundantly with homeobox protein ceh-20 in head neurons (PubMed:23788625). May activate dopamine pathway genes in concert with ETS domain-containing protein ast-1, and homeobox proteins ceh-43 and ceh-20 (PubMed:23788625). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TALE/PBX homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deamimation of cytosine to uracil at position 8 of tRNA in 30 different tRNAs. This editing guarantees the proper folding and functionality of the tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of UMP to UDP, with ATP or dATP as the most efficient phosphate donors. Is also able to phosphorylate 5-fluoro-UMP and 6-aza-UMP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Is predominantly localized near the bacterial membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UMP kinase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in inositol deacylation of GPI-anchored proteins which plays important roles in the quality control and ER-associated degradation of GPI-anchored proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GPI inositol-deacylase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of glycolate to glyoxylate, with a reduction of O2 to H2O2. May use other 2-hydroxyacids as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FMN-dependent alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: NADPH-dependent oxidoreductase which catalyzes the reduction of a variety of compounds bearing carbonyl groups including ketosteroids, alpha-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes, aromatic ketones and quinones. Reduces all-trans-retinal and 9-cis retinal. Reduces 3- ketosteroids and benzil into 3alpha-hydroxysteroids and S-benzoin, respectively, in contrast to the stereoselectivity of primates DHRS4s which produce 3beta-hydroxysteroids and R-benzoin. In the reverse reaction, catalyzes the NADP-dependent oxidation of 3alpha- hydroxysteroids and alcohol, but with much lower efficiency. Involved in the metabolism of 3alpha-hydroxysteroids, retinoid, isatin and xenobiotic carbonyl compounds. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal assembly of the mitotic spindle. May be involved in both centrosome-dependent and centrosome-independent spindle assembly programs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Found in the nucleolus during interphase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RPF2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis. May have a role in nitrate assimilation and sclerotial morphogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of the sperm acrosome membrane (PubMed:17092953). Required for breakdown of the sperm plasma membrane after sperm entry into the egg, which is an essential prerequisite for successful fertilization (PubMed:9630751, PubMed:17092953). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Has diffuse cytoplasmic expression in primary spermatocytes. In post-meiotic spermatids, detected in clusters of vesicle-like structures adjacent to the nucleus. In late spermatids, a single vesicle-like spot is found near the nucleus, which probably corresponds to the acroblast. In mature sperm, localizes to the apical tip of the sperm head (acrosome).


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible retro-aldol cleavage of both 5-keto- 4-deoxy-D-glucarate and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate to pyruvate and tartronic semialdehyde. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family. KDGluc aldolase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell projection, cilium Note=In caput spermatozoa, localized in the middle piece, predominantly concentrated at the mitochondrial sheath of the flagella and to a lesser extent with outer dense fibers (ODF) (By similarity). Colocalized with TEKT2 at the perinuclear region (PubMed:24394471). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCDC172 family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves internal linkages in 1,3-beta-glucan (PubMed:15501830, PubMed:28827308, PubMed:28781080). May contribute to plant biomass degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 81 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of Glutaryl-CoA to glutaconyl- CoA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GatB/GatE family. GatB subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm.


FUNCTION: Regulatory photoreceptor which exists in two forms that are reversibly interconvertible by light: the Pr form that absorbs maximally in the red region of the spectrum and the Pfr form that absorbs maximally in the far-red region. Photoconversion of Pr to Pfr induces an array of morphogenic responses, whereas reconversion of Pfr to Pr cancels the induction of those responses. Pfr controls the expression of a number of nuclear genes including those encoding the small subunit of ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase, chlorophyll A/B binding protein, protochlorophyllide reductase, rRNA, etc. It also controls the expression of its own gene(s) in a negative feedback fashion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytochrome family.


FUNCTION: Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and nucleotide specificity is provided by the beta subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the succinate/malate CoA ligase alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway involved in neuroectodermal patterning. Acts by specifically binding phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), translocating to the cell membrane and interacting with key regulators of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, such as components of the beta-catenin destruction complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Translocates to the cell membrane following binding to PtdIns(4,5)P2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Amer family.


FUNCTION: Microtubule-binding protein which directly binds tubulin and is involved in both polymerization and stabilization of microtubules (By similarity). Through its action on microtubules, may participate in the refinement of axons by negatively regulating axonal and leading processes branching (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in neuron polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus (By similarity). Regulates voltage-gated sodium channels transport and function (PubMed:15282281, PubMed:33245860). May also play a role in MAPK signaling (By similarity). Required for the development of axonal initial segment-targeting inhibitory GABAergic synapses made by chandelier neurons (By similarity). FUNCTION: Microtubule-binding protein which directly binds tubulin and is involved in both polymerization and stabilization of microtubules (By similarity). Through its action on microtubules, may participate in the refinement of axons by negatively regulating axonal and leading processes branching (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in neuron polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus (By similarity). Regulates voltage-gated sodium channels transport and function (By similarity). May also play a role in MAPK signaling (By similarity). Required for the development of axonal initial segment- targeting inhibitory GABAergic synapses made by chandelier neurons (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 5]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, filopodium Cell projection, growth cone Cell projection, dendrite Cell membrane, sarcolemma Cytoplasm Note=Not secreted. Localizes to the lateral membrane and intercalated disks of myocytes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, filopodium Cell projection, growth cone Cell projection, dendrite Cell membrane, sarcolemma Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Not secreted. Localizes to the lateral membrane and intercalated disks of myocytes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 4]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 3]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Stimulates CREM transcriptional activity in a phosphorylation- independent manner (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Note=Nuclei of round and elongated spermatids.


FUNCTION: Contributes to the transparency and refractive index of the lens. In its oxidized form (absence of intramolecular disulfide bond), acts as a chaperone, preventing aggregation of various proteins under a wide range of stress conditions. Required for the correct formation of lens intermediate filaments as part of a complex composed of BFSP1, BFSP2 and CRYAA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Translocates to the nucleus during heat shock and resides in sub-nuclear structures known as SC35 speckles or nuclear splicing speckles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.


FUNCTION: Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the troponin T family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L2HGDH family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) to uridine 5'-monophosphate (UMP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cell wall hydrolase that cleaves gamma-D-glutamate-meso- diaminopimelate bonds in peptidoglycan. LytF is necessary and sufficient for vegetative daughter cell separation, and also seems to play a role in cell autolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Note=LytF is localized at cell separation sites and cell poles of rod-shaped cells during vegetative growth. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C40 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydroxylation of the N(6)-(4-aminobutyl)-L- lysine intermediate to form hypusine, an essential post-translational modification only found in mature eIF-5A factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the deoxyhypusine hydroxylase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0051 (ycf24) family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate substrates such as AMP-morpholidate, AMP-N-alanine methyl ester, AMP-alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester and AMP-NH2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HINT family.


FUNCTION: Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals (Probable). Functions as metal chelator of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). Functions cooperatively with the phytochelatin synthase PCS1 to protect plants from Cu and cadmium toxicity (PubMed:18287486). Plays a role in Cu homeostasis, specifically in the remobilization of Cu from senescing leaves. The mobilization of Cu from internal sources is important for seed development (PubMed:24635746). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 15 family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent DNA helicase implicated in DNA repair and the maintenance of genomic stability. Acts as an anti-recombinase to counteract toxic recombination and limit crossover during meiosis. Regulates meiotic recombination and crossover homeostasis by physically dissociating strand invasion events and thereby promotes noncrossover repair by meiotic synthesis dependent strand annealing (SDSA) as well as disassembly of D loop recombination intermediates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reduction of the double bond of an array of alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. It also reduces the nitro group of nitroester and nitroaromatic compounds. It could have a role in detoxification processes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family. NamA subfamily.


FUNCTION: May cause loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found. May be required for rapid internodal elongation in deepwater rice during submergence (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably plays a role in anchoring the complex to other cellular components.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=The transmembrane helix obliquely spans the membrane in one monomer, and its extrinsic C-terminal domain is part of the other monomer. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Rieske iron-sulfur protein family.


FUNCTION: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Beta-4/CHRNB4 sub- subfamily.


FUNCTION: Putative component of the large subunit of mitochondrial ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion.


FUNCTION: Potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) action. Acts by binding to the C8 and/or C9 complements of the assembling MAC, thereby preventing incorporation of the multiple copies of C9 required for complete formation of the osmolytic pore (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor.


FUNCTION: Alpha/beta hydrolase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of pseurotin A, a competitive inhibitor of chitin synthase and an inducer of nerve-cell proliferation (PubMed:24082142, PubMed:24939566). The PKS-NRPS hybrid synthetase psoA is responsible for the biosynthesis of azaspirene, one of the first intermediates having the 1-oxa-7-azaspiro[4,4]-non-2-ene-4,6-dione core of pseurotin, via condensation of one acetyl-CoA, 4 malonyl-CoA, and a L- phenylalanine molecule (PubMed:24082142, PubMed:24939566). The dual- functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF seems to be involved in the addition of the C3 methyl group onto the pseurotin scaffold (PubMed:24939566). Azaspirene is then converted to synerazol through 4 steps including oxidation of C17 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase psoD, O-methylation of the hydroxy group of C8 by the methyltransferase psoC, and the trans-to-cis isomerization of the C13 olefin by the glutathione S-transferase psoE (PubMed:24939566). The fourth step of synerazol production is performed by the dual-functional monooxygenase/methyltransferase psoF which seems to catalyze the epoxidation of the intermediate deepoxy-synerazol (PubMed:24939566). Synerazol can be attacked by a water molecule nonenzymatically at two different positions to yield two diol products, pseurotin A and pseurotin D (PubMed:24939566). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. FUS2 hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that participates in multiple biological processes including cell death, glucose metabolism, and in particular, the innate immune response. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF3 thereby promoting type I interferon production via RIG-I signaling pathway (PubMed:32562145). Can also catalyze 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of viral proteins such as influenza virus PB2 (PubMed:32562145). Acts as a negative feedback regulator of TLR7- and TLR9-triggered signaling. Mechanistically, promotes the 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination of IRF7 and induces its degradation via a proteasome-dependent pathway (PubMed:25907537). Reduces FGFR1-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of PKM, inhibiting PKM-dependent lactate production, glucose metabolism, and cell growth (PubMed:25263439). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Found predominantly in cytoplasm with a granular distribution. Found in punctuate nuclear bodies (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the flagellum-specific transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Bacterial flagellum basal body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FliP/MopC/SpaP family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that blocks neuromuscular transmission, but that does not produce blockade by virtue of a selective action on nerve endings. Instead, the toxin acts both on nerve and on muscle. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in negative regulation of early and late embryonic Notch signaling.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methyl esterification of L-isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins that result from spontaneous decomposition of normal L-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues. It plays a role in the repair and/or degradation of damaged proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L- isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. FUNCTION: Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. Bacterial flagellum basal body. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm Bacterial flagellum basal body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FlgI family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FlgI family.


FUNCTION: FAD-linked oxidoreductase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of alternapyrone derivatives (PubMed:16356847). Alternapyrone is a decaketide with octa-methylation from methionine on every C2 unit except the third unit (PubMed:16356847). All the domains in the polyketide synthase alt5 are apparently involved in alternapyrone synthesis, that is, the 8 CMeT, 7 KR, 7 DH, and 4 ER reactions in the 9 KS-mediated condensation steps required for alternapyrone synthesis (PubMed:16356847). the alternapyrone produced by alt5 might be intensively modified by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases alt1, alt2 and alt3 and FAD-dependent oxidoreductase alt4 present in the alt gene cluster (PubMed:16356847). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Fodrin, which seems to be involved in secretion, interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. Plays a critical role in central nervous system development and function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, M line Cytoplasm, cytosol Cell membrane Note=Colocalizes with ANK2 in a distinct intracellular compartment of neonatal cardiomyocytes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the spectrin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the cyclization of the linear isoprenoid intermediate geranylgeranyl diphosphate to tricycclic cyclooctat-9-en- 7-ol in the cyclooctatin biosynthesis pathway. Cyclooctatin is a potent inhibitor of lysophospholipase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


FUNCTION: Plant-specific actin binding protein. Associates with F-actin at the tonoplast. May be part of a membrane-cytoskeletal adapter complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane Note=Arranged into short filaments and foci. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NET family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex MlaFEDB, which is involved in a phospholipid transport pathway that maintains lipid asymmetry in the outer membrane by retrograde trafficking of phospholipids from the outer membrane to the inner membrane. MlaD functions in substrate binding with strong affinity for phospholipids and modulates ATP hydrolytic activity of the complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MlaD family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of methanol to yield formaldehyde. While the in vivo electron acceptor is not known, N,N-dimethyl-4- nitrosoaniline (NDMA) can serve this function in vitro and is reduced to 4-(hydroxylamino)-N,N-dimethylaniline. It is also able to use ethanol and formaldehyde with an activity comparable to methanol, and has a weak activity with methylamine as substrate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines. DusC specifically modifies U16 in tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Dus family. DusC subfamily.


FUNCTION: May regulate bacterial growth in response to external signals to facilitate adaptation to the host environment. In vitro, phosphorylates several substrates such as EmbR, DevR (DosR), DacB1 and Rv0681. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in calcium binding and microtubule stabilization (By similarity). May be a guanine nucleotide-free chaperone (GFC). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TCTP family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M67B family.


FUNCTION: Degradation of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP). Releases orthophosphate processively from the ends of the polyP chain. Prefers short-chain length polyphosphates as substrates. Can also hydrolyze ATP and ADP substrates, but lacks GTPase activity. Cannot hydrolyze pppGpp to ppGpp. FUNCTION: Degradation of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP). Releases orthophosphate processively from the ends of the polyP chain. FUNCTION: Degradation of inorganic polyphosphates (polyP). Releases orthophosphate processively from the ends of the polyP chain. Required for long-term survival of M.tuberculosis in necrotic lung lesions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GppA/Ppx family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of the dietary vitamin B6 vitamers pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN) and pyridoxamine (PM) to form pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate (PNP) and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP), respectively (PubMed:14722069) (By similarity). PLP is the active form of vitamin B6, and acts as a cofactor for over 140 different enzymatic reactions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family.


FUNCTION: [RNA-binding phosphoprotein p12]: Constituent of the pre- integration complex (PIC) which tethers the latter to mitotic chromosomes. FUNCTION: [Matrix protein p15]: Targets Gag and gag-pol polyproteins to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus. Also mediates nuclear localization of the pre-integration complex. FUNCTION: [Capsid protein p30]: Forms the spherical core of the virion that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex. FUNCTION: [Gag polyprotein]: Plays a role in budding and is processed by the viral protease during virion maturation outside the cell. During budding, it recruits, in a PPXY-dependent or independent manner, Nedd4- like ubiquitin ligases that conjugate ubiquitin molecules to Gag, or to Gag binding host factors. Interaction with HECT ubiquitin ligases probably links the viral protein to the host ESCRT pathway and facilitates release. FUNCTION: [Nucleocapsid protein p10-Gag]: Involved in the packaging and encapsidation of two copies of the genome. Binds with high affinity to conserved elements within the packaging signal, located near the 5'-end of the genome. This binding is dependent on genome dimerization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gag polyprotein]: Virion Host cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Host late endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor Host endosome, host multivesicular body Note=These locations are probably linked to virus assembly sites. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Matrix protein p15]: Virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Nucleocapsid protein p10-Gag]: Virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Capsid protein p30]: Virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [RNA-binding phosphoprotein p12]: Host cytoplasm Note=Localizes to the host cytoplasm early in infection and binds to the mitotic chromosomes later on.


FUNCTION: Contributes to the efficiency of the cell division process by stabilizing the polymeric form of the cell division protein FtsZ. Acts by promoting interactions between FtsZ protofilaments and suppressing the GTPase activity of FtsZ. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZapC family.


FUNCTION: Active towards the soluble carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Possesses expansin activity too. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 45 (cellulase K) family.


FUNCTION: 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase; part of the cluster involved in the biosynthesis of biotin (also known as vitamin B8 or vitamin H), a water-soluble vitamin that functions as a prosthetic group of many carboxylases, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase (PubMed:20713166). Catalyzes the decarboxylative condensation of pimeloyl-[acyl-carrier protein] and L-alanine to produce 8-amino-7- oxononanoate (AON) (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. BioF subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cell autonomous antagonist of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. May activate a second Wnt signaling pathway that controls planar cell polarity. Required for processing of TGFA and for targeting of TGFA to the basolateral membrane of polarized epithelial cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NKD family.


FUNCTION: Resolvase catalyzes the resolution (a site-specific recombination) of the cointegrated replicon to yield the final transposition products. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family.


FUNCTION: This is one of the enzymes that catalyzes the last step of the mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathway, an aerobic process breaking down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Using free coenzyme A/CoA, catalyzes the thiolytic cleavage of medium- to long-chain 3-oxoacyl-CoAs into acetyl-CoA and a fatty acyl-CoA shortened by two carbon atoms. The activity of the enzyme is reversible and it can also catalyze the condensation of two acetyl-CoA molecules into acetoacetyl-CoA. Thereby, it plays a major role in ketone body metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.


FUNCTION: BREX systems (bacteriophage exclusion) provide immunity against bacteriophage. Part of a type 2 BREX system (Probable). Previously called the phage growth limitation (Pgl) system, it confers protection against bacteriophage phiC31. The bacteria allows one cycle of phage infection, but subsequent cycles are impaired, protecting the original bacterial colony (PubMed:7642495). The system undergoes high rates (10(-3) to 10(-4)) of phase reversion, i.e. loss and regain of phiC31 resistance (PubMed:8446035). When the pglW-pglX-pglY-pglZ genes are transformed into a susceptible S.lividans (strain 1326) they confer resistance to infection by phage phiC31 and phiBT1; all 4 genes are necessary (PubMed:11972785). FUNCTION: Probably an antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Inhibits the toxic activity of its cognate toxin PglX. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase superfamily.