FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the inhibition of multiple cellular antiviral responses activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), such as inhibition of PKR activation, necroptosis, and IFN- mediated antiviral activities (PubMed:1350676, PubMed:1681618, PubMed:18604270, PubMed:24257616, PubMed:25740987). Recognizes and binds Z-RNA structures via its Z-binding domain and dsRNA via its DRBM domain: RNA-binding activity is required to escape host ZBP1-dependent necroptosis (PubMed:29073079, PubMed:34192517). Mechanistically, the Z- binding domain binds Z-RNAs that are produced during vaccinia virus infection, thereby competing with Z-RNA detection by host ZBP1, suppressing ZBP1-dependent necroptosis (PubMed:34192517). Acts as a key inhibitor of the interferon response by blocking the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of IRF3 and IRF7 kinases that are required for interferon-alpha gene expression (PubMed:22419806). Inhibits NF- kappa-B activation and the ubiquitin-like protein ISG15, which is an early antiviral protein (PubMed:18604270, PubMed:24257616). The binding with host ISG15 subsequently blocks host ISGylation (PubMed:18604270, PubMed:24257616). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG065 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the first cycle of side chain dehydrogenation in the beta-oxidation of cholesterol catabolism (PubMed:26161441). It contributes partly to the virulence by increasing the efficiency of beta-oxidation. Catalyzes the dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA ester side chains of (25S)-3-oxo-cholest-4-en-26-oyl-CoA (3-OCS-CoA) to yield (24E)-3-oxo-cholest-4,24-dien-26-oyl-CoA (PubMed:26348625, PubMed:26161441). Also able to dehydrogenate steroyl-CoA such as 3-oxo- chol-4-en-24-oyl-CoA (3-OCO-CoA) as well as 3-oxo-4-pregnene-20- carboxyl-CoA (3-OPC-CoA) (PubMed:26161441). It dehydrogenates only (25S)-OCS-CoA diastereomer (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in maintaining the mitochondrial genome and in controlling the mtDNA escape. Involved in the regulation of mtDNA nucleotide structure and number. May have a dispensable role in early maturation of pre-rRNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YME2 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for R-spondins that potentiates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and acts as a stem cell marker of the intestinal epithelium and the hair follicle. Upon binding to R-spondins (RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3 or RSPO4), associates with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. In contrast to classical G-protein coupled receptors, does not activate heterotrimeric G-proteins to transduce the signal. Involved in the development and/or maintenance of the adult intestinal stem cells during postembryonic development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Rapidly and constitutively internalized to the trans-Golgi network at steady state. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Mediates the transduction of food and serotonin signals, which modulates the avoidance response to the odorant octanol. Has a role in lifespan to promote longevity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase D family. Cardiolipin synthase subfamily. ClsA sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable component of the Integrator (INT) complex, a complex involved in the small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) U1 and U2 transcription and in their 3'-box-dependent processing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent ATPase and 3'-5' DNA helicase that may be involved in repair of stalled replication forks. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. Hel308 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the metabolic adaptation in response to environmental changes. Catalyzes the reversible formation of succinate and glyoxylate from isocitrate, a key step of the glyoxylate cycle, which operates as an anaplerotic route for replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle during growth on fatty acid substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Isocitrate lyase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PP2C family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of triacylglycerols to yield free fatty acids, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, and glycerol (PubMed:3839077). Shows a preferential hydrolysis at the sn-3 position of triacylglycerol (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the Rcs signaling system, which controls transcription of numerous genes. RcsB is the response regulator that binds to regulatory DNA regions. Can function both in an RcsA-dependent or RcsA-independent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RcsB family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the organization of myofibers. Together with KRT8, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor which regulates lipid catabolism, storage, and secretion, probably by modulating genes involved in fatty acid desaturation and beta-oxidation, and lipoprotein assembly and secretion (PubMed:19427851, PubMed:23639358). Involved in reproduction, perhaps indirectly (PubMed:19427851, PubMed:23639358). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Does not appear to have detectable kinase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=May be associated with vesicular structures. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: May form a complex with spermadhesin AQN-1 which possesses phosphorylcholine-binding activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the seminal plasma protein family.


FUNCTION: Probable ppGpp (guanosine 3'-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate) synthetase that may be involved in a rapid plant ppGpp-mediated response to pathogens and other stresses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RelA/SpoT family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits HSPA1A chaperone activity by changing the conformation of the ATP-binding domain of HSPA1A and interfering with ATP binding. Interferes with ubiquitination mediated by STUB1 and inhibits chaperone-assisted degradation of target proteins (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Required for efficient pedestal formation in host epithelial cells during infection. Acts as an intermediate between Tir (via host BAIAP2) and host WASL/N-WASP. Directly binds and activates WASL/N-WASP, which stimulates actin polymerization and leads to the formation of actin pedestals at the sites of bacterial adhesion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cytoplasm Note=Secreted via the type III secretion system (TTSS) (PubMed:15527496, PubMed:15296718). In host cells, localizes to the tip of the actin pedestal (PubMed:15527496, PubMed:15296718). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EspF(U)/TccP family.


FUNCTION: Binds and activates the enhancer (delta-A element) of the CD3-delta gene. Functions in the specification and the maturation of the T-lymphocyte. Also interacts with a critical control element in the TDT (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase) promoter as well as with the promoters for other genes expressed during early stages of B- and T- cell development. Function is isoform-specific and is modulated by dominant-negative inactive isoforms (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ikaros C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a cytokine involved in enhancing production of interferon-gamma and interleukin-12 and reducing production of interleukin-10 and is essential in the pathway that leads to type I immunity. FUNCTION: Major non-collagenous bone protein that binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the osteopontin family.


FUNCTION: Essential for sustained cell growth, maintenance of chromosomal stability, and ATR-dependent checkpoint activation upon DNA damage. Has a weak ATPase activity required for binding to chromatin. Participates in the recruitment of the RAD1-RAD9-HUS1 complex and RHNO1 onto chromatin, and in CHEK1 activation. May also serve as a sensor of DNA replication progression, and may be involved in homologous recombination (By similarity). Essential for embryonic development. May be involved in homologous recombination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Phosphorylated form redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rad17/RAD24 family.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Speedy/Ringo family.


FUNCTION: The natural substrate for this enzyme may be peptidyl-tRNAs which drop off the ribosome during protein synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PTH2 family.


FUNCTION: Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Plays a role in the regulation of neuron morphology, axon growth and formation of neuronal growth cones (By similarity). Plays an important role in vesicular trafficking processes, in particular endocytosis. Involved in cytokinesis. Regulates maturation of apoptotic cell corpse- containing phagosomes by recruiting PIK3C3 to the phagosome membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell junction Membrane, clathrin-coated pit Postsynaptic density Synapse Midbody Cell projection, phagocytic cup Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Colocalizes with CTTN at the basis of filopodia in hippocampus neuron growth zones. Microtubule- associated. Also found in the postsynaptic density of neuronal cells. Co-localizes with PIK3C3 and RAB5A to the nascent phagosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.


FUNCTION: Involved in virion morphogenesis. SIMILARITY: To phage Mu protein F.


FUNCTION: Part of an ABC transporter complex involved in glucose import (Potential). Responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family.


FUNCTION: Mnh complex is a Na(+)Li(+)/H(+) antiporter involved in Na(+) and/or Li(+) excretion. Na(+)/H(+) antiport consumes a transmembrane electrical potential, and is thus inferred to be electrogenic. Does not transport K(+), Ca(2+) or Mg(2+). FUNCTION: Mnh complex is a Na(+)/H(+) antiporter involved in Na(+) excretion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CPA3 antiporters (TC 2.A.63) subunit B family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits trypsin (IC(50)=0.9 nM) and alpha-chymotrypsin (IC(50)=1.1 nM). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Bowman-Birk serine protease inhibitor family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: A gamma subtype methylase that recognizes the double-stranded sequence 5'-TCGA-3', methylates A-4 on both strands and protects the DNA from cleavage by the TaqI endonuclease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N(4)/N(6)-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Plays critical roles in regulating RNA replication and transcription through its interactions with multiple proteins. Tethers the RNA-directed RNA polymerase L to the nucleoprotein-RNA complex. Recruits the M2-1 protein, a processivity factor that is required for efficient transcription of viral RNA. Acts as a chaperone for neo- synthesized nucleoprotein by forming an N-P complex that preserves N in a monomeric and RNA-free state and prevents the association of nascent N with host cell RNAs. Recruits the host phosphatase PP1 to inclusion bodies to regulate viral transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host cytoplasm Note=Localizes in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pneumoviridae phosphoprotein P family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the respiratory Qrc complex, that catalyzes the reduction of the menaquinone pool using electrons transferred from the reduced periplasmic cytochrome c3, and which is probably involved in sulfate respiration. Is likely essential for growth on H(2) or formate since the periplasmic hydrogenases and/or formate dehydrogenases act as primary electron donors for the Qrc complex. QrcC is an electron- transferring subunit; its cubane iron sulfur clusters form a pathway for electron transfer between the hemes of QrcA and the membrane quinone pool. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Synthesizes cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a second messenger for calcium mobilization from endoplasmic reticulum; ADP-ribose is a minor product (PubMed:1650254, PubMed:10861229). Synthesizes the Ca(2+) mobilizer nicotinate-adenine dinucleotide phosphate from 2'-phospho- cADPR and nicotinic acid as well as from NADP(+) and nicotinic acid; with NADP(+) as substrate preferentially catalyzes NADP(+) hydrolysis rather than NAADP(+) synthesis, about 70-fold better at pH 7.4 (PubMed:11829748, PubMed:16690024). Has cADPR hydrolase activity at very high enzyme concentrations, which is probably not physiological (PubMed:10861229). The conversion of NAD(+) into ADP-ribose is also only observed at high enzyme concentrations and results from the hydrolysis of cADP-ribose (PubMed:10861229). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle Note=Localized to vesicles or granules within ova of all stages. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family.


FUNCTION: Regulator of cell surface receptor signal transduction. Plays a central role in retinal vascularization by regulating norrin (NDP) signal transduction. Acts in concert with norrin (NDP) to promote FZD4 multimerization and subsequent activation of FZD4, leading to promote accumulation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and stimulate LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. Suprisingly, it only activates the norrin (NDP)-dependent activation of FZD4, while it does not activate the Wnt- dependent activation of FZD4, suggesting the existence of a Wnt- independent signaling that also promote accumulation the beta-catenin (CTNNB1). Acts as a regulator of membrane proteinases such as ADAM10 and MMP14/MT1-MMP. Activates ADAM10-dependent cleavage activity of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Activates MMP14/MT1-MMP-dependent cleavage activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.


FUNCTION: Selectively catalyzes the addition of fucose in alpha 1-2 linkage to Gal-beta-(1->4)-Xyl-beta-R, Gal-beta-(1->6)-GlcNAc-R, Gal- beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)-Glc and Gal-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta-(1->4)- Xyl-R acceptors but not Gal-beta-(1->3)-GlcNAc-beta-(1->3)-Gal-beta- (1->4)-Glc. Unlike in mammals, unable to fucosylate Gal-beta-(1->4)- Glc-beta-R. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, Golgi stack membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 11 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bystin family.


FUNCTION: Cell adhesion molecule that mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell projection, axon Cell projection, dendrite Synapse Presynaptic cell membrane Postsynaptic cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LRFN family.


FUNCTION: Malate transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aromatic acid exporter (TC 2.A.85) family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of sterigmatocystin (ST), a polyketide-derived furanocoumarin which is part of the most toxic and carcinogenic compounds among the known mycotoxins (PubMed:8643646, PubMed:8662194). Binds to the palindromic sequence 5'-TCG(N5)CGA-3'found in the promoter regions of several sterigmatocystin cluster genes to induce their expression (PubMed:9680223). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NnrD/CARKD family.


FUNCTION: Tropomyosin, in association with the troponin complex, plays a central role in the calcium dependent regulation of muscle contraction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tropomyosin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation (PubMed:16950777, PubMed:29069440, PubMed:14976550, PubMed:17082187). During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site- bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively (PubMed:16950777, PubMed:14976550, PubMed:17082187). Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome (PubMed:16950777, PubMed:14976550, PubMed:17082187). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ALB1 family.


FUNCTION: Nitrososynthase involved in the biosynthesis of baumycin (PubMed:23885759). Catalyzes the double-oxidation of TDP-L-epi- vancosamine to TDP-L-epi-vancosonitrose (PubMed:23885759). The rapid turnover of TDP-L-epi-vancosamine suggests that this compound, or a closely related analog, is the natural substrate for DnmZ (PubMed:23885759). Can also catalyze the double-oxidation of TDP-L- evernosamine to TDP-L-evernitrosose (PubMed:23885759). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.


FUNCTION: Oxidoreductase with strong preference for NAD (PubMed:18926804). Active in both the oxidative and reductive directions (PubMed:18926804). Oxidizes all-trans-retinol in all-trans- retinaldehyde (PubMed:18926804). No activity was detected with 11-cis- retinol or 11-cis-retinaldehyde as substrates with either NAD(+)/NADH or NADP(+)/NADPH (PubMed:18926804). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Probably functions in cell division and growth processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family.


FUNCTION: May have an important role in maintaining nuclear envelope structure by organizing protein complexes at the inner nuclear membrane. Required for retaining emerin at the inner nuclear membrane (By similarity). Plays a role in the modulation of innate immune signaling through the cGAS-STING pathway by interacting with RNF26 (By similarity). In addition, functions as a critical signaling component in mediating NF-kappa-B activation by acting downstream of EGFR and upstream of CARD10 (By similarity). Contributes to passive conductance current in cochlear glia-like supporting cells, mediated by gap junctions and necessary for hearing (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Nucleus inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane Note=Retained in the inner nuclear membrane through interaction with EMD and A- and B-lamins. The N- and C-termini are oriented towards the nucleoplasm. The majority of the hydrophilic domain resides in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM43 family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional coactivator. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Note=Mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane and spatially aligned with the membrane insertion machinery through two distinct membrane contact sites, formed by the 21S rRNA expansion segment 96-ES1 and the inner membrane protein MBA1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidative ring opening of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, which spontaneously cyclizes to quinolinate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 3-HAO family.


FUNCTION: [Non-structural polyprotein 1A]: Contains the viral protease participating in the cleavage of the polyprotein into functional products. FUNCTION: [VPg]: Protein covalently attached to the 5' extremity of the genomic and subgenomic RNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the astroviridae polyprotein 1A family.


FUNCTION: Essential cell division protein that coordinates cell division and chromosome segregation. The N-terminus is involved in assembly of the cell-division machinery. The C-terminus functions as a DNA motor that moves dsDNA in an ATP-dependent manner towards the dif recombination site, which is located within the replication terminus region. Required for activation of the Xer recombinase, allowing activation of chromosome unlinking by recombination (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Located at the septum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FtsK/SpoIIIE/SftA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent condensation of succinyl-CoA and glycine to form aminolevulinic acid (ALA), with CoA and CO2 as by-products (By similarity). Contributes significantly to heme formation during erythropoiesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Localizes to the matrix side of the mitochondrion inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Secreted effector that acts as an elicitor of hypersensitive response (HR) specifically on plants carrying defense protein RPP5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co or M-cluster) found in the dinitrogenase enzyme of the nitrogenase complex in nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. NifB catalyzes the crucial step of radical SAM-dependent carbide insertion that occurs concomitant with the insertion of a 9th sulfur and the rearrangement/coupling of two [4Fe-4S] clusters into a [8Fe-9S-C] cluster, the precursor to the M-cluster. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. NifB family.


FUNCTION: Centromeric protein that plays a central role in the incorporation and maintenance of histone H3-like variant CENPA at centromeres. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG- dependent PGAM subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transports S-adenosylmethionine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the drug/metabolite transporter (DMT) superfamily. 10 TMS drug/metabolite exporter (DME) (TC 2.A.7.3) family.


FUNCTION: Probable core component of cullin-based SCF-like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit (By similarity). Required at several stages during development. CulA and fbxA regulate multicellular development by targeting regA for degradation via a pathway that requires erkB function, leading to an increase in cAMP and PKA activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cullin family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional repressor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IRF2BP family.


FUNCTION: Homodimeric cytokine expressed predominantly by T-lymphocytes and NK cells that plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, and chemotaxis of eosinophils. Acts also on activated and resting B-cells to induce immunoglobulin production, growth, and differentiation (By similarity). Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL5RA subunit and the cytokine receptor common subunit beta/CSF2RB. Binding to the receptor leads to activation of various kinases including LYN, SYK and JAK2 and thereby propagates signals through the RAS-MAPK and JAK-STAT5 pathways respectively (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-5 family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor which forms a core component of the circadian clock. The circadian clock, an internal time-keeping system, regulates various physiological processes through the generation of approximately 24 hour circadian rhythms in gene expression, which are translated into rhythms in metabolism and behavior. It is derived from the Latin roots 'circa' (about) and 'diem' (day) and acts as an important regulator of a wide array of physiological functions including metabolism, sleep, body temperature, blood pressure, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and renal function. Consists of two major components: the central clock, residing in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain, and the peripheral clocks that are present in nearly every tissue and organ system. Both the central and peripheral clocks can be reset by environmental cues, also known as Zeitgebers (German for 'timegivers'). The predominant Zeitgeber for the central clock is light, which is sensed by retina and signals directly to the SCN. The central clock entrains the peripheral clocks through neuronal and hormonal signals, body temperature and feeding-related cues, aligning all clocks with the external light/dark cycle. Circadian rhythms allow an organism to achieve temporal homeostasis with its environment at the molecular level by regulating gene expression to create a peak of protein expression once every 24 hours to control when a particular physiological process is most active with respect to the solar day. Transcription and translation of core clock components (CLOCK, NPAS2, BMAL1, BMAL2, PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1 and CRY2) plays a critical role in rhythm generation, whereas delays imposed by post- translational modifications (PTMs) are important for determining the period (tau) of the rhythms (tau refers to the period of a rhythm and is the length, in time, of one complete cycle). A diurnal rhythm is synchronized with the day/night cycle, while the ultradian and infradian rhythms have a period shorter and longer than 24 hours, respectively. Disruptions in the circadian rhythms contribute to the pathology of cardiovascular diseases, cancer, metabolic syndromes and aging. A transcription/translation feedback loop (TTFL) forms the core of the molecular circadian clock mechanism. Transcription factors, CLOCK or NPAS2 and BMAL1 or BMAL2, form the positive limb of the feedback loop, act in the form of a heterodimer and activate the transcription of core clock genes and clock-controlled genes (involved in key metabolic processes), harboring E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') within their promoters. The core clock genes: PER1/2/3 and CRY1/2 which are transcriptional repressors form the negative limb of the feedback loop and interact with the CLOCK|NPAS2-BMAL1|BMAL2 heterodimer inhibiting its activity and thereby negatively regulating their own expression. This heterodimer also activates nuclear receptors NR1D1/2 and RORA/B/G, which form a second feedback loop and which activate and repress BMAL1 transcription, respectively. CRY1 and CRY2 have redundant functions but also differential and selective contributions at least in defining the pace of the SCN circadian clock and its circadian transcriptional outputs. More potent transcriptional repressor in cerebellum and liver than CRY2, though more effective in lengthening the period of the SCN oscillator. On its side, CRY2 seems to play a critical role in tuning SCN circadian period by opposing the action of CRY1. With CRY2, is dispensable for circadian rhythm generation but necessary for the development of intercellular networks for rhythm synchrony. Capable of translocating circadian clock core proteins such as PER proteins to the nucleus (By similarity). Interacts with CLOCK- BMAL1 independently of PER proteins and is found at CLOCK-BMAL1-bound sites, suggesting that CRY may act as a molecular gatekeeper to maintain CLOCK-BMAL1 in a poised and repressed state until the proper time for transcriptional activation (By similarity). Represses CLOCK- BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activation (PubMed:11684328). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Translocated to the nucleus through interaction with other Clock proteins such as PER2 or BMAL1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA photolyase class-1 family.


FUNCTION: Uptake of L-rhamnose across the cytoplasmic membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L-rhamnose transporter (TC 2.A.7.6) family.


FUNCTION: Essential virulence determinant; cytotoxic effector, involved in resistance to phagocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YopE family.


FUNCTION: Growth factor involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of osteoblast differentiation via SMAD2/3 pathway. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of adipogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


FUNCTION: Could play a significant role in the signal transduction of hematopoietic cells. May regulate tyrosine kinase activity of SRC- family members in brain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane Note=In platelets, 90% of MATK localizes to the membrane fraction, and translocates to the cytoskeleton upon thrombin stimulation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. CSK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the hopanoid precursor squalene (SQ) from farnesyl diphosphate (FPP). Catalyzes the second step, the conversion of presqualene diphosphate (PSPP) to hydroxysqualene (HSQ). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytoene/squalene synthase family. HpnC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the uptake of ammonium/ammonia (NH(4)(+)/NH(3)) (PubMed:14668330, PubMed:15876187, PubMed:15563598, PubMed:15361618, PubMed:16910683, PubMed:30211659, PubMed:32662768). Transport is electrogenic (PubMed:30211659, PubMed:32662768). Following sequestration of NH(4)(+) at the periplasmic face, NH(4)(+) is deprotonated and neutral NH(3) is transported into the cytoplasm (PubMed:15876187, PubMed:16910683, PubMed:18362341, PubMed:19278252, PubMed:32662768). Neutral NH(3) and charged H(+) are carried separately across the membrane on a unique two-lane pathway, before recombining to NH(4)(+) inside the cell (PubMed:32662768). In vitro can also transport the larger analogs methylamine and methylammonium (PubMed:11847102, PubMed:14668330, PubMed:12023896, PubMed:15876187, PubMed:17998534, PubMed:18362341). Also acts as a sensor of the extracellular ammonium concentration (PubMed:14668330). FUNCTION: Involved in the uptake of ammonium/ammonia (NH(4)(+)/NH(3)). Transport is electrogenic. Following sequestration of NH(4)(+) at the periplasmic face, NH(4)(+) is deprotonated and neutral NH(3) is transported into the cytoplasm. Neutral NH(3) and charged H(+) are carried separately across the membrane on a unique two-lane pathway, before recombining to NH(4)(+) inside the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ammonia transporter channel (TC 1.A.11.2) family.


FUNCTION: NODAL coreceptor involved in the correct establishment of the left-right axis. May play a role in mesoderm and/or neural patterning during gastrulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Secreted Note=Does not exhibit a typical GPI- signal sequence. The C-ter hydrophilic extension of the GPI-signal sequence reduces the efficiency of processing and could lead to the production of an secreted unprocessed form. This extension is found only in primates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EGF-CFC (Cripto-1/FRL1/Cryptic) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of commonly occurring purine and pyrimidine nucleosides into ribose and the base, with decreasing activity, in the order: adenosine, guanosine, inosine, xanthosine, cytidine, uridine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IUNH family.


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase B chain family.


FUNCTION: Nuclear receptor that acts as a key metabolic sensor by regulating the expression of genes involved in bile acid synthesis, cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride synthesis. Together with the oxysterol receptors NR1H3/LXR-alpha and NR1H2/LXR-beta, acts as an essential transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism. Plays an anti- inflammatory role during the hepatic acute phase response by acting as a corepressor: inhibits the hepatic acute phase response by preventing dissociation of the N-Cor corepressor complex. Key regulator of cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene (CYP7A) expression in liver. May also contribute to the regulation of pancreas-specific genes and play important roles in embryonic development (By similarity). Activates the transcription of CYP2C38 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR5 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prephenate/arogenate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. Plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth. This receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase (cAMP). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Transporter for bile acids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.


FUNCTION: May participate in the nuclear signaling of EGFR and MAPK1/ERK2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Mainly localized in the nucleus.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor (By similarity). Essential for catalysing the entry and efficient transfer of electrons within complex I (By similarity). Plays a key role in the assembly and stability of complex I and participates in the association of complex I with ubiquinol-cytochrome reductase complex (Complex III) to form supercomplexes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Part of the RFC clamp loader complex which loads the PCNA sliding clamp onto DNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family. RfcS subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of biologically active 11beta- hydroxyglucocorticoids (11beta-hydroxysteroid) such as cortisol, to inactive 11-ketoglucocorticoids (11-oxosteroid) such as cortisone, in the presence of NAD(+) (PubMed:10822012, PubMed:17470521, PubMed:26519454). Functions as a dehydrogenase (oxidase), thereby decreasing the concentration of active glucocorticoids, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids (PubMed:10822012). Affinity towards corticosterone is higher than cortisol or dexamethasone (PubMed:10822012). Plays an important role in maintaining glucocorticoids balance during preimplantation and protects the fetus from excessive maternal corticosterone exposure (By similarity). Catalyzes the oxidation of 11beta-hydroxytestosterone (11beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3-one) to 11-ketotestosterone (17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,11-dione), a major bioactive androgen. Catalyzes the conversion of 11beta- hydroxyandrostenedione (11beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione) to 11- ketoandrostenedione (androst-4-ene-3,11,17-trione), which can be further metabolized to 11-ketotestosterone. Converts 7-beta-25- dihydroxycholesterol to 7-oxo-25-hydroxycholesterol in vitro. 7-beta- 25-dihydroxycholesterol (not 7-oxo-25-hydroxycholesterol) acts as ligand for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Epstein-Barr virus- induced gene 2 (EBI2) and may thereby regulate immune cell migration (By similarity). May protect ovulating oocytes and fertilizing spermatozoa from the adverse effects of cortisol (PubMed:17470521, PubMed:26519454). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome Endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Myoactive peptide. Increases the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions and tonus of hindgut muscle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Stimulates mRNA translation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs in response to arsenite treatment.


FUNCTION: Involved in pilus assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor.


FUNCTION: Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity (By similarity). Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis (By similarity). In conjunction with the subcortical maternal complex (SCMC), plays an essential role for zygotes to progress beyond the first embryonic cell divisions via regulation of actin dynamics (By similarity). Required for the centralization of the mitotic spindle and symmetric division of zygotes (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization in epithelial cells (By similarity). Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation (By similarity). Required for neural tube morphogenesis and neural crest cell migration (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus matrix Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection, ruffle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell projection, lamellipodium membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell projection, lamellipodium Cell projection, growth cone Cell projection, axon Note=Colocalizes with the actin cytoskeleton in membrane ruffles and lamellipodia. Detected at the cleavage furrow and contractile ring during cytokinesis. Almost completely in nucleus in cells exposed to heat shock or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M24 family.


FUNCTION: Probable phosphatase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CTDSPL2 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a critical role in cytoplasmic virus egress. Participates in the final step of tegumentation and envelope acquisition within the host cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Virion tegument Host cytoplasm Host Golgi apparatus Note=Probably associates with the Golgi apparatus through its interaction with BSRF1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae cytoplasmic envelopment protein 1 family.


FUNCTION: Channel-forming protein essential for import of protein precursors into mitochondria. Plays a role in the assembly of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) by forming a complex with BCAP31 and mediating the translocation of Complex I components from the cytosol to the mitochondria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Associates with the mitochondria-associated ER membrane via interaction with BCAP31. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tom40 family.


FUNCTION: Molecular chaperone that may function in heat stress response. May interact with a ClpP-like protease involved in degradation of denatured proteins in the chloroplast (PubMed:20141629). Chaperone involved in response to abiotic stresses. Plays a positive role during dehydration and salt stress (PubMed:27457985). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ClpA/ClpB family. ClpD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Encapsidates the genome in a ratio of one protein N per nine ribonucleotides, protecting it from nucleases. If expressed without protein P it binds non-specifically RNA and therefore can bind it's own mRNA. Interaction with protein P abolishes any non-specific RNA binding, and prevents phosphorylation. The soluble N-P complex encapsidates specifically the genomic RNA, with protein N protecting the genome like a pearl necklace. The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the nucleocapsid (NC) and serves as template for viral transcription and replication. Protein N binds protein P in the NC through a different interaction, and can be phosphorylated. Subsequent viral replication is dependent on intracellular concentration of newly synthesized protein N. During replication, encapsidation by protein N is coupled to RNA synthesis and all replicative products are resistant to nucleases (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lyssavirus nucleocapsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Neurotoxin with probable activity on sodium channel (Probable). Induces intense repetitive firing of the frog neuromuscular junction, leading to a tetanic contracture in muscle fiber (spastic paralysis) (PubMed:17115716). In vivo, shows the same effect as the whole venom when injected on fish prey (PubMed:17115716). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin A superfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which differentially activates the GTPases RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42. Plays a role in axon guidance regulating ephrin-induced growth cone collapse and dendritic spine morphogenesis. Upon activation by ephrin through EPHA4, the GEF activity switches toward RHOA resulting in its activation. Activated RHOA promotes cone retraction at the expense of RAC1- and CDC42-stimulated growth cone extension (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane Cell projection, growth cone Note=Associated with membranes. Localizes to axonal growth cones (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Histone methylation reader which binds to non-methylated (H3K4me0), monomethylated (H3K4me1), dimethylated (H3K4me2) and trimethylated (H3K4me3) 'Lys-4' on histone H3 (By similarity). The order of binding preference is H3K4me3 > H3K4me2 > H3K4me1 > H3K4me0 (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Exonuclease involved in the 3' processing of various precursor tRNAs. Initiates hydrolysis at the 3'-terminus of an RNA molecule and releases 5'-mononucleotides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNase D family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in pectin and/or xylans biosynthesis in cell walls. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the INA complex (INAC) that promotes the biogenesis of mitochondrial F(1)F(0)-ATP synthase. INAC facilitates the assembly of the peripheral stalk and promotes the assembly of the catalytic F(1)-domain with the membrane-embedded F(0)-domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the INA17 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0225 family.


FUNCTION: Cyanamide hydratase involved in the detoxification and/or utilization of cyanamide, a toxic nitrile compound distributed widely in the environment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyanamide dehydrase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent agmatine transferase that catalyzes the formation of 2-agmatinylcytidine (agm2C) at the wobble position (C34) of tRNA(Ile2), converting the codon specificity from AUG to AUA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TiaS family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Hydrogenosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL14 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LOB domain-containing protein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the negative control of osteogenic differentiation of osteochondrogenic precursor cells in peripheral zones of fetal cartilage and at the cartilage-bone interface. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UCMA family.


FUNCTION: Palmitoyltransferase that could catalyze the addition of palmitate onto protein substrates including the D(2) dopamine receptor DRD2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-recognition component of a Cul2-RING (CRL2) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation. The C-degron recognized by the DesCEND pathway is usually a motif of less than ten residues and can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms. The CRL2(FEM1A) complex specifically recognizes proteins with an arginine at the C-terminus: recognizes and binds proteins ending with -Lys/Arg- Xaa-Arg and -Lys/Arg-Xaa-Xaa-Arg C-degrons, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fem-1 family.


FUNCTION: This protein binds to a specific region on the 26S rRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL23 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.


FUNCTION: One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, gap junction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the connexin family. Gamma-type subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mediates positive regulation of the glucanase operon (licST) by functioning as an antiterminator factor of transcription. Prevents termination at terminator lic-t. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transcriptional antiterminator BglG family.


FUNCTION: Might be involved in division plane determination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Localizes at the pre-prophase band.


FUNCTION: Involved in sporulation-specific cell division (PubMed:19567872). Required for early stages of sporulation. Important in the process of growth cessation prior to sporulation-specific cell division. Recruits cell division protein FtsZ to the future septum sites and tethers the contractile ring structure (Z ring) to the cytoplasmic membrane during sporulation. Stimulates polymerization and filament length of FtsZ in vitro (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell septum Note=Localizes to the divisome in sporogenic aerial hyphae in a ladder- like manner. Temporospatial localization is controlled by SsgA and it colocalizes with SsgA in presporulation foci. Localizes to the septum sites prior to FtsZ and after that colocalizes with FtsZ at the divisome throughout cell division. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SsgA family.


FUNCTION: Binds chitin and may bind related oligosaccharide structures.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the asymmetric conversion of racemic 5- substituted hydantoins to the corresponding L-amino acids. Catalyzes the racemization via enolization of D- and L-5-monosubstituted hydantoins. It shows a slight preference for hydantoins with short rather than long aliphatic side chains or those with aromatic rings. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HyuE racemase family.


FUNCTION: Seems to play a negative regulatory role in 5-phosphoribose 1-diphosphate synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family.


FUNCTION: Degradation of extracellular 5'-nucleotides for nutritional needs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 5'-nucleotidase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a RAC1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, lamellipodium.


FUNCTION: Strong inhibitor of papain and ficin but poor inhibitor of cathepsin H, B and L. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cystatin family.


FUNCTION: Aldehyde decarbonylase involved in the conversion of aldehydes to alkanes. Core component of a very-long-chain alkane synthesis complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the degradation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generated by peroxisomal oxidases to water and oxygen, thereby protecting cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Promotes growth of cells including T-cells, B-cells, myeloid leukemia cells, melanoma cells, mastocytoma cells and normal and transformed fibroblast cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the catalase family.


FUNCTION: Effector that suppresses flg22-induced post-translational MAP kinase activation in tomato but not in Arabidopsis. The perception of highly conserved pathogen- or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs), such as flg22, triggers converging signaling pathways recruiting MAP kinase cascades and inducing transcriptional re- programming, yielding a generic antimicrobial response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cytoplasm Host cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator of alpha-amylase expression that binds to 5'-CAACTGTC-3' motif in target gene promoter (PubMed:11743113). In vegetative tissues, inhibits growth by reducing cell proliferation. Promotes the expression of aleurone-related genes (e.g. CP1, CP, GASA1, BXL1 and BXL2) in seeds. Together with MYB33 and MYB101, promotes the programmed cell death (PCD) the vacuolation of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layers during seed germination (PubMed:20699403). Together with MYB33, facilitates anther and tapetum development (PubMed:15722475). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Purine salvage pathway enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of the ribosyl-5-phosphate group from 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose 1- diphosphate (PRPP) to the N9 position of the 6-oxopurines guanine and xanthine to form the corresponding ribonucleotides GMP (guanosine 5'- monophosphate) and XMP (xanthosine 5'-monophosphate), with the release of PPi. To a lesser extent, also acts on hypoxanthine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. XGPT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of monodehydroascorbate to ascorbate, oxidizing NADH in the process. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. FlaC is not essential for flagellar synthesis and motility (By similarity). FUNCTION: Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. FlaC is not essential for flagellar synthesis and motility. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Bacterial flagellum. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Bacterial flagellum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial flagellin family.


FUNCTION: Has no detectable activity with D-mannonate and with a panel of 70 other acid sugars (in vitro), in spite of the conservation of the residues that are expected to be important for catalytic activity and cofactor binding. May have evolved a divergent function. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme family. GalD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, proton, potassium, sodium and phosphate. At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as a uniporter which transports preferentially L-glutamate but also, phosphate from the cytoplasm into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. The L-glutamate or phosphate uniporter activity is electrogenic and is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient, mainly by the electrical gradient established by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase across the synaptic vesicle membrane. In addition, functions as a chloride channel that allows a chloride permeation through the synaptic vesicle membrane therefore affects the proton electrochemical gradient and promotes synaptic vesicles acidification. Moreover, functions as a vesicular K(+)/H(+) antiport allowing to maintain the electrical gradient and to decrease chemical gradient and therefore sustain vesicular L-glutamate uptake. The vesicular H(+)/H(+) antiport activity is electroneutral. At the plasma membrane, following exocytosis, functions as a symporter of Na(+) and phosphate from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm allowing synaptic phosphate homeostasis regulation. The symporter activity is driven by an inside negative membrane potential and is electrogenic (By similarity). Also involved in the regulation of retinal hyaloid vessel regression during postnatal development (By similarity). May also play a role in the endocrine L-glutamatergic system of other tissues such as pineal gland and pancreas (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Synapse, synaptosome Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P) (PubMed:16365287). Does not hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, inositol 3,5-bisphosphate, inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5- monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PubMed:16365287). Regulates lysosomal positioning by recruiting JIP4 to lysosomal membranes, thus inducing retrograde transport of lysosomes along microtubules (PubMed:29146937). Contributes to assembly of the V-ATPase complex in lipid rafts of the lysosomal membrane and to subsequent amino acid- dependent activation of mTORC1 (PubMed:29644770). May play a role in the regulation of cellular cholesterol metabolism (PubMed:25035345). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Late endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Agglutinates erythrocytes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 51 (Hntx-8) subfamily. Hntx-8 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Light-harvesting photosynthetic tetrapyrrole chromophore- protein from the phycobiliprotein complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycobiliprotein family.


FUNCTION: With S4 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GARS family.


FUNCTION: Involved in transport of proteins into the mitochondrion. Essential for embryonic development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metaxin family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent specificity component of the Clp protease (By similarity). It directs the protease to specific substrates (By similarity). Required for degradation of response regulator CtrA, thus contributing to the G1-to-S transition (PubMed:9755166). Required to degrade DNA replication inhibitor toxin SocB, this function is probably the reason why the protease is essential in this organism (PubMed:24239291). Can perform chaperone functions in the absence of ClpP (By similarity). FUNCTION: ATP-dependent specificity component of the Clp protease. It directs the protease to specific substrates. Can perform chaperone functions in the absence of ClpP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ClpX chaperone family.


FUNCTION: Component of the F(420)H(2) dehydrogenase (FPO complex) which is part of the energy-conserving F(420)H(2):heterodisulfide oxidoreductase system. The membrane-bound electron transfer system of the complex plays an important role in the metabolism of methylotrophic methanogens when the organisms grow on methanol or methylamines. Catalyzes the oxidation of methanophenazine to dihydromethanophenazine. It shuttles electrons from F(420)H(2), via FAD and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to methanophenazine (an electron carrier in the membrane). It couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, two hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.


FUNCTION: Exerts antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria at concentrations of 2-16 micro molar. Its activity appears to be mediated by its ability to damage bacterial membranes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cathelicidin family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes glucose-6-phosphate to glucose in the endoplasmic reticulum. Forms with the glucose-6-phosphate transporter (SLC37A4/G6PT) the complex responsible for glucose production in the terminal step of glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Hence, it is the key enzyme in homeostatic regulation of blood glucose levels. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphatase family.


FUNCTION: Part of an oxidative pathway for utilization of methylphosphonic acid as a phosphate source (PubMed:30810303). Catalyzes the conversion of methylphosphonic acid to hydroxymethylphosphonic acid (PubMed:30810303). Is specific for the hydroxylation of methylphosphonate (PubMed:30810303). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PhyH family.


FUNCTION: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclotide family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL13 family.


FUNCTION: Transports pyruvate with a high affinity and specificity. The process is driven by the proton motive force (PubMed:29061664). Under nutrient limiting conditions, mediates the uptake of pyruvate, thus enabling it to be used as a carbon source for the growth and survival (PubMed:29061664). Part of a nutrient-sensing regulatory network composed of the two-component regulatory systems BtsS/BtsR and YpdA/YpdB, and their respective target proteins, BtsT and YhjX (PubMed:24659770). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptide transporter carbon starvation (CstA) (TC 2.A.114) family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPD/ERCC2 is required for DNA opening. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre- initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription. XPD/ERCC2 acts by forming a bridge between CAK and the core-TFIIH complex. Involved in the regulation of vitamin-D receptor activity. As part of the mitotic spindle-associated MMXD complex it plays a role in chromosome segregation. Might have a role in aging process and could play a causative role in the generation of skin cancers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. RAD3/XPD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds to voltage-gated potassium channels Kv1.3/KCNA3 (IC(50)=0.48 uM) and Kv1.1/KCNA1 (IC(50)=6.7 uM) and inhibits channel activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 06 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle Note=Translocates to membrane vesicles in a calcium- dependent fashion.


FUNCTION: May modulate activity of the MtrAB system in controlling homeostasis of the cell wall and cell division (By similarity). Partially restores antibiotic resistance to M.smegmatis in which this gene has been disrupted. FUNCTION: May modulate activity of the MtrAB system in controlling homeostasis of the cell wall and cell division. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Secreted, cell wall. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Secreted, cell wall. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LpqB lipoprotein family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which targets misfolded chaperone substrates towards proteasomal degradation (PubMed:10330192, PubMed:11146632, PubMed:11557750, PubMed:23990462). Collaborates with ATXN3 in the degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates: ATXN3 restricting the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates and preventing further chain extension (PubMed:10330192, PubMed:11146632, PubMed:11557750, PubMed:23990462). Ubiquitinates NOS1 in concert with Hsp70 and Hsp40 (PubMed:15466472). Modulates the activity of several chaperone complexes, including Hsp70, Hsc70 and Hsp90 (PubMed:10330192, PubMed:11146632, PubMed:15466472). Mediates transfer of non-canonical short ubiquitin chains to HSPA8 that have no effect on HSPA8 degradation (PubMed:11557750, PubMed:23990462). Mediates polyubiquitination of DNA polymerase beta (POLB) at 'Lys-41', 'Lys-61' and 'Lys-81', thereby playing a role in base-excision repair: catalyzes polyubiquitination by amplifying the HUWE1/ARF-BP1-dependent monoubiquitination and leading to POLB-degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:19713937). Mediates polyubiquitination of CYP3A4 (PubMed:19103148). Ubiquitinates EPHA2 and may regulate the receptor stability and activity through proteasomal degradation (PubMed:19567782). Acts as a co-chaperone for HSPA1A and HSPA1B chaperone proteins and promotes ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation (PubMed:27708256). Negatively regulates the suppressive function of regulatory T-cells (Treg) during inflammation by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of FOXP3 in a HSPA1A/B-dependent manner (PubMed:23973223). Catalyzes monoubiquitination of SIRT6, preventing its degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:24043303). Likely mediates polyubiquitination and down-regulates plasma membrane expression of PD- L1/CD274, an immune inhibitory ligand critical for immune tolerance to self and antitumor immunity (PubMed:28813410). Negatively regulates TGF-beta signaling by modulating the basal level of SMAD3 via ubiquitin-mediated degradation (PubMed:24613385). May regulate myosin assembly in striated muscles together with UBE4B and VCP/p97 by targeting myosin chaperone UNC45B for proteasomal degradation (PubMed:17369820). Mediates ubiquitination of RIPK3 leading to its subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation (PubMed:29883609). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Translocates to the nucleus in response to inflammatory signals in regulatory T-cells (Treg).


FUNCTION: mRNA decapping enzyme that specifically removes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of mRNAs by hydrolyzing the diphosphate linkage to produce nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 5' monophosphate mRNA. The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some mRNAs and stabilizes RNA against 5'-processing. Has preference for mRNAs with a 5'-end purine. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of dinucleotide pyrophosphates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cell surface receptor implicated in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. Generally accepted to have an inhibiting function. Reports on stimulating functions suggest that the activity may be influenced by the cellular context and/or the respective ligand. Regulates macrophage activation. Inhibits T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1)-mediated auto- and alloimmune responses and promotes immunological tolerance. In CD8+ cells attenuates TCR-induced signaling, specifically by blocking NF-kappaB and NFAT promoter activities resulting in the loss of IL-2 secretion. The function may implicate its association with LCK proposed to impair phosphorylation of TCR subunits. In contrast, shown to activate TCR-induced signaling in T-cells probably implicating ZAP70, LCP2, LCK and FYN. Expressed on Treg cells can inhibit Th17 cell responses. Receptor for LGALS9. Binding to LGALS9 is believed to result in suppression of T-cell responses; the resulting apoptosis of antigen-specific cells may implicate HAVCR2 phosphorylation and disruption of its association with BAG6. Binding to LGALS9 is proposed to be involved in innate immune response to intracellular pathogens. Expressed on Th1 cells interacts with LGALS9 expressed on Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages to stimulate antibactericidal activity including IL-1 beta secretion and to restrict intracellular bacterial growth. However, the function as receptor for LGALS9 has been challenged (By similarity). Also reported to enhance CD8+ T cell responses to an acute infection such as by Listeria monocytogenes. Receptor for phosphatidylserine (PtSer); PtSer-binding is calcium-dependent. May recognize PtSer on apoptotic cells leading to their phagocytosis. Mediates the engulfment of apoptotic cells by dendritic cells. Expressed on T-cells, promotes conjugation but not engulfment of apoptotic cells. Expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) positively regulates innate immune response and in synergy with Toll-like receptors promotes secretion of TNF-alpha. In tumor-imfiltrating DCs suppresses nucleic acid-mediated innate immune repsonse by interaction with HMGB1 and interfering with nucleic acid- sensing and trafficking of nucleid acids to endosomes. Can enhance mast cell production of Th2 cytokines Il-4, IL-6 and IL-13. Expressed on natural killer (NK) cells acts as a coreceptor to enhance IFN-gamma production in response to LGALS9. In contrast, shown to suppress NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Negatively regulates NK cell function in LPS-induced endotoxic shock. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell junction Note=Localizes to the immunological synapse between CD8+ T-cells and target cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. TIM family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alkaline phosphatase family.


FUNCTION: Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plant lipoxygenase may be involved in a number of diverse aspects of plant physiology including growth and development, pest resistance, and senescence or responses to wounding. It catalyzes the hydroperoxidation of lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene structure (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipoxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in copper export. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. A non-essential principal sigma factor that responds to cell envelope stress and hypoxia. Controls a regulon of about 40 genes, with another 100 genes expression being altered during SDS stress and about 50 gene being altered during diamide (oxidative) stress. FUNCTION: Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. A non-essential principal sigma factor that responds to cell envelope stress and hypoxia (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus helicase C962R family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking. Probably involved in control of anterograde transport of mitochondria and their subcellular distribution (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial Rho GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays some tRNA 3'- processing endonuclease activity of nuclear and mitochondrial pre-tRNA. Probably involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'-trailer from precursor tRNA. May participate in tRNA processing in the developing embryo. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNase Z family.


FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of D-xylonic acid to form 2- dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IlvD/Edd family.


FUNCTION: High affinity, high specificity proton-dependent sulfate transporter, which mediates sulfate uptake. Provides the sulfur source for the cysteine synthesis pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CysZ family.


FUNCTION: Mediates thiol-dependent retention in the early secretory pathway, forming mixed disulfides with substrate proteins through its conserved CRFS motif. Inhibits the calcium channel activity of ITPR1. May have a role in the control of oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required to retain ERO1A and ERO1B in the endoplasmic reticulum. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase which specifically dimethylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. Also required for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA. Stimulates transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family. KsgA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Electron transfer subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from the membrane-anchored tetraheme c-type NapC protein and transfers these to NapA subunit, thus allowing electron flow between membrane and periplasm. Essential for periplasmic nitrate reduction with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NapB family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in mRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CWC16 family.


FUNCTION: Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription regulator. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. May be part of an intermediate translocation complex acting as a protein- conducting channel at the inner envelope. Seems to be specific for photosynthesis-related pre-proteins. Partially redundant with TIC20-IV, but not with TIC20-II or TIC20-V. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tic20 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the storage or transport of lipids necessary for membrane maintenance under stressful conditions. Displays a binding preference for lysophospholipids (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.


FUNCTION: Ribosome biogenesis factor. Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. Required for optimal pre-ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase I. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Found predominantly at the fibrillar center.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (2-ketoisovalerate) to form 3-carboxy-3- hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (2-isopropylmalate). Has high alpha- isopropylmalate synthase activity and low citramalate synthase activity (PubMed:15292141). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family. LeuA type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in protein trafficking, actin organization and embryonic morphogenesis (PubMed:19798448). Potentially acts as cdc-42 effector (PubMed:25775511). May play a role in hypodermal P-cell nuclear positioning (PubMed:23150597). Together with toca-2, is required for protein trafficking regulating yolk protein clathrin- mediated endocytosis by oocytes during oogenesis and retrograde recycling and the sorting of recycling endosome cargo proteins such as mig-14 (PubMed:19798448, PubMed:25775511). Also, together with toca-2, controls the distribution of actin at cell junctions (PubMed:19798448, PubMed:26578656). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction Apical cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Basolateral cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic vesicle Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Recycling endosome Note=Co-localizes with ajm-1 at cell junctions (PubMed:19798448). Co-localizes with toca-2, rme-1, cdc-42 and wve-1 on recycling endosomes (PubMed:25775511). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FNBP1 family.


FUNCTION: Monovalent cation channel required for maintenance of rapid intracellular calcium release. May act as a potassium counter-ion channel that functions in synchronization with calcium release from intracellular stores. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM38 family.


FUNCTION: TFIIF is a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and helps to recruit it to the initiation complex in collaboration with TFIIB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIF beta subunit family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. PetL is important for photoautotrophic growth as well as for electron transfer efficiency and stability of the cytochrome b6-f complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PetL family.


FUNCTION: Plasmid partition require REP1, REP2, and a cis-acting DNA sequence (known as STB). REP1 may act by intercalating in the yeast nuclear matrix and binding STB either directly or via REP2.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the PRA-CH family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the PRA-PH family.


FUNCTION: UDPGT is of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds. About 30-fold less active than Ugt2b17 toward testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=The outer membrane proteins OmpF, OmpC and OmpX are involved in YebF export. OmpX may help target and load YebF onto the OmpF/OmpC porins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YebF family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial tRNA N(1)-methyltransferase involved in mitochondrial tRNA maturation. Component of mitochondrial ribonuclease P, a complex composed of TRMT10C/MRPP1, HSD17B10/MRPP2 and PRORP/MRPP3, which cleaves tRNA molecules in their 5'-ends. Together with HSD17B10/MRPP2, forms a subcomplex of the mitochondrial ribonuclease P, named MRPP1-MRPP2 subcomplex, which displays functions that are independent of the ribonuclease P activity. The MRPP1-MRPP2 subcomplex catalyzes the formation of N(1)-methylguanine and N(1)-methyladenine at position 9 (m1G9 and m1A9, respectively) in tRNAs; TRMT10C/MRPP1 acting as the catalytic N(1)-methyltransferase subunit. The MRPP1-MRPP2 subcomplex also acts as a tRNA maturation platform: following 5'-end cleavage by the mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex, the MRPP1-MRPP2 subcomplex enhances the efficiency of 3'-processing catalyzed by ELAC2, retains the tRNA product after ELAC2 processing and presents the nascent tRNA to the mitochondrial CCA tRNA nucleotidyltransferase TRNT1 enzyme. In addition to tRNA N(1)-methyltransferase activity, TRMT10C/MRPP1 also acts as a mRNA N(1)-methyltransferase by mediating methylation of adenosine residues at the N(1) position of MT-ND5 mRNA. Associates with mitochondrial DNA complexes at the nucleoids to initiate RNA processing and ribosome assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix, mitochondrion nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM10 family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in maintaining Golgi structure. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional cytokinine synthesis protein; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of cytokinins such as fusatin, fusatinic acids or 8-oxofusatin, known for their growth promoting and anti-senescence activities toward host plants (PubMed:28802024). FCK1 is a bifunctional enzyme that performs the first steps in the biosynthesis of Fusarium cytokinins (PubMed:28802024). It first condenses adenosine monophosphate (AMP) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) to yield isoprenyl adenosine monophosphate (PubMed:28802024). It then catalyzes the removal of the phosphoribose to produce isopentenylaldehyde (PubMed:28802024). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase then converts isopentenylaldehyde to trans-zeatin (PubMed:28802024). A condensation step converts trans-zeatin to fusatin which is further modified to produce fusatinic acid (PubMed:28802024). The mechanism for oxidation of fusatin to fusatinic acid remains unknown (PubMed:28802024). 8-oxofusatin could be produced through several pathways, via direct oxygenation of fusatin, or via the 8-oxo- pentenyladenine intermediate which itself must arise from either the prenylation of 8-oxo-AMP by FCK1 and/or oxygenation of isopentenylaldehyde (PubMed:28802024). Both the FCK3 and FCK4 enzymes act downstream of the identified cytokinins to produce yet unidentified compounds (PubMed:28802024). SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the IPP transferase family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the LOG family.


FUNCTION: This is a probable transcription activator that specifically binds the purine-rich single strand of the PUR element located upstream of the c-Myc gene. May play a role in the initiation of DNA replication and in recombination (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PUR DNA-binding protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the signal transduction pathway mediated by multiple Wnt genes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DSH family.


FUNCTION: Attaches a formyl group to the free amino group of methionyl- tRNA(fMet). The formyl group appears to play a dual role in the initiator identity of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA by promoting its recognition by IF2 and preventing the misappropriation of this tRNA by the elongation apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Fmt family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Fmt family.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the last step in the erythromycin biosynthesis pathway. Methylates the position 3 of the mycarosyl moiety of erythromycin C, forming the most active form of the antibiotic, erythromycin A. Can also methylate the precursor erythromycin D, forming erythromycin B. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein that binds to and probably organizes the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins. May link various receptors to the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix via the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. Plays an important role in synapse formation and in the organization of UTRN and acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular synapse. Binds to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane, sarcolemma; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell junction Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=In skeletal muscle, it localizes at the cytoplasmic side of the sarcolemmal membrane and at neuromuscular junctions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the syntrophin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol (By similarity). May have a role in the heat shock response since the level of the transcript of ywiE increases after a heat shock. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase D family. Cardiolipin synthase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Promotes both transcription and replication of genomic RNA. Following virus entry into host cell, provides nuclear import of HDV RNPs thanks to its nuclear localization signal. May interact with host RNA polymerase II thereby changing its template requirement from DNA to RNA. RNA pol II complex would then acts as an RNA-directed RNA polymerase, and transcribe and replicate HDV genome (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hepatitis delta antigen family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheric stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha(3)beta(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ATPase subunit F6 family.


FUNCTION: Binds single-stranded DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Plastid, chloroplast.


FUNCTION: Interacts with the host phosphatase PP1 catalytic subunit (PPP1CB) and recruits it to dephosphorylate EIF2S1/eIF2alpha and therefore restores the host translation that has been shut-down by the host. Also inhibits the EIF2S1/eIF2alpha-ATF4-DDIT3/CHOP pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus DP71L family.


FUNCTION: Non-structural protein with ssRNA-binding activity. Is probably involved in the formation of viral inclusions, where the assembly of cores and the replication of viral RNA are thought to occur. Together with mu-2, recruits the other core proteins to these inclusions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthoreovirus mu-NS protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of heptose(II) of the outer membrane lipopolysaccharide core. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. RfaY/WaaY family.


FUNCTION: [Small ribosomal subunit protein eS31B]: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. FUNCTION: [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell- cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored- polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Ubiquitin]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Small ribosomal subunit protein eS31B]: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS31 family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0254 family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal formation of eisosomes, large cytoplasmic protein assemblies that localize to specialized domains on plasma membrane and mark the site of endocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic granule. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Note=Localizes at the eisosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EIS1 family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription activator that binds to the DNA sequence 5'-CAAT[AT]ATTG-3'. May be involved in the regulation of gibberellin signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HD-ZIP homeobox family. Class I subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calponin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in nucleolar processing of pre-18S ribosomal RNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the disaccharide D-N- acetylglucosamine-L-rhamnose which plays an important role in the mycobacterial cell wall as a linker connecting arabinogalactan and peptidoglycan via a phosphodiester linkage. Catalyzes the transfer of the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate (GlcNAc-1P) moiety from UDP-GlcNAc onto the carrier lipid decaprenyl phosphate (C50-P), yielding GlcNAc- pyrophosphoryl-decaprenyl (GlcNAc-PP-C50) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family. WecA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cleaves phosphorylated sphingoid bases (PSBs), such as sphingosine-1-phosphate, into fatty aldehydes and phosphoethanolamine. Elevates stress-induced ceramide production and apoptosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. Sphingosine- 1-phosphate lyase subfamily.


SIMILARITY: To M.pneumoniae MPN_376 central region.


FUNCTION: Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AccD/PCCB family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves internal linkages in 1,3-beta-glucan (PubMed:17115704, PubMed:19435780). May contribute to biomass degradation by hydrolyzing the 1,3-beta-linked plant polymer callose that is present in decomposing plant tissue (PubMed:17115704). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 81 family.


FUNCTION: MFS transporter; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of aspergillic acid (PubMed:29674152). Probably involved in aspergillic acid metabolism and transport (PubMed:29674152). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Monocarboxylate porter (TC 2.A.1.13) family.


FUNCTION: The specificity subunit (PubMed:12654995). A B, G, H and S subtype restriction enzyme that recognizes the double-stranded sequence 5'-CGAN(6)TGC-3' and cleaves bilaterally and symmetrically 10 base pairs upstream and 12 base pairs downstream of the sequence to release a 34-base pair fragment. Methylation of the recognition sequence occurs on the adenine in either one or both strands; seems to methylate restricted DNA (PubMed:8451198, PubMed:8276869, PubMed:12654995). This subunit degrades DNA in a non-specific manner (PubMed:8276869). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-I restriction system S methylase family.


FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Acts as a dsDNA endonuclease. Involved in the integration of spacer DNA into the CRISPR cassette. Plasmid targeted by CRISPR locus P1 transform wild-type cells very poorly (PubMed:22767603). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas1 family.