FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Exhibits antiviral activity against HIV-1 in lymphocytes by decreasing the abundance of HIV-1 viral RNA species. FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Binds to Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and Dengue virus (DEN) RNAs. FUNCTION: Endoribonuclease involved in various biological functions such as cellular inflammatory response and immune homeostasis, glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells, cell death of cardiomyocytes, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Functions as an endoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay (PubMed:19909337). Modulates the inflammatory response by promoting the degradation of a set of translationally active cytokine-induced inflammation-related mRNAs, such as IL6 and IL12B, during the early phase of inflammation (PubMed:26320658). Prevents aberrant T-cell-mediated immune reaction by degradation of multiple mRNAs controlling T-cell activation, such as those encoding cytokines (IL6 and IL2), cell surface receptors (ICOS, TNFRSF4 and TNFR2) and transcription factor (REL) (By similarity). Inhibits cooperatively with ZC3H12A the differentiation of helper T cells Th17 in lungs. They repress target mRNA encoding the Th17 cell-promoting factors IL6, ICOS, REL, IRF4, NFKBID and NFKBIZ. The cooperation requires RNA-binding by RC3H1 and the nuclease activity of ZC3H12A (By similarity). Together with RC3H1, destabilizes TNFRSF4/OX40 mRNA by binding to the conserved stem loop structure in its 3'UTR (By similarity). Self regulates by destabilizing its own mRNA (By similarity). Cleaves mRNA harboring a stem-loop (SL), often located in their 3'-UTRs, during the early phase of inflammation in a helicase UPF1-dependent manner (PubMed:19909337, PubMed:26320658, PubMed:26134560, PubMed:22561375). Plays a role in the inhibition of microRNAs (miRNAs) biogenesis (PubMed:22055188). Cleaves the terminal loop of a set of precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) important for the regulation of the inflammatory response leading to their degradation, and thus preventing the biosynthesis of mature miRNAs (PubMed:22055188). Also plays a role in promoting angiogenesis in response to inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the production of antiangiogenic microRNAs via its anti-dicer RNase activity (PubMed:24048733). Affects the overall ubiquitination of cellular proteins (By similarity). Positively regulates deubiquitinase activity promoting the cleavage at 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains on TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs), preventing JNK and NF-kappa-B signaling pathway activation, and hence negatively regulating macrophage-mediated inflammatory response and immune homeostasis (By similarity). Induces also deubiquitination of the transcription factor HIF1A, probably leading to its stabilization and nuclear import, thereby positively regulating the expression of proangiogenic HIF1A-targeted genes (PubMed:24048733). Involved in a TANK-dependent negative feedback response to attenuate NF-kappaB activation through the deubiquitination of IKBKG or TRAF6 in response to interleukin-1-beta (IL1B) stimulation or upon DNA damage (PubMed:25861989). Prevents stress granule (SGs) formation and promotes macrophage apoptosis under stress conditions, including arsenite- induced oxidative stress, heat shock and energy deprivation (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of macrophage polarization; promotes IL4-induced polarization of macrophages M1 into anti- inflammatory M2 state (By similarity). May also act as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in inflammatory response, angiogenesis, adipogenesis and apoptosis (PubMed:16574901, PubMed:18364357). Functions as a positive regulator of glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells through an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-dependent signaling pathway (PubMed:19185603). Attenuates septic myocardial contractile dysfunction in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by reducing I-kappa-B-kinase (IKK)-mediated NF-kappa-B activation, and hence myocardial pro-inflammatory cytokine production (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, P-body Rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic granule Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Colocalizes with GW182 on many granule-like structures, probably corresponding to cytoplasmic GW bodies (GWBs), also called processing bodies (P bodies). Colocalizes with calnexin on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane and with translationally active polysomes (By similarity). Colocalizes with ZC3H12D in cytoplasmic mRNA processing P-body, also known as GW bodies (GWBs) (PubMed:22055188, PubMed:26134560). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZC3H12 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the arabinogalactan (AG) region of the mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex, an essential component of the cell wall (PubMed:16595677). Catalyzes the addition of the first key arabinofuranosyl (Araf) residue from the sugar donor decaprenyl-phospho-arabinose (DPA) on the C-5 of a 6-linked galactofuranosyl (Galf) of the galactan domain, thus 'priming' the galactan for further elaboration by other arabinofuranosyltransferases (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 85 family.


FUNCTION: Important virulence factor of HSV neurotropism. Seems to be required for glycoprotein B-induced fusion. Dispensable for growth in vitro (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Note=In transfected cells, it is retained within the ER. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae HHV-1 UL45 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylation of S-methyl-5'- thioadenosine (MTA) to adenine and 5-methylthioribose-1-phosphate. Involved in the breakdown of MTA, a major by-product of polyamine biosynthesis. Responsible for the first step in the methionine salvage pathway after MTA has been generated from S-adenosylmethionine. Prefers MTA, with 2% activity on adenosine, 0.8% activity on S-adenosyl-L- homocysteine and no activity on other tested nucleosides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family. MTAP subfamily.


FUNCTION: In the phosphorylated form it could act as an anti-anti-sigma factor that counteracts SpoIIAB and thus releases sigma f from inhibition. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anti-sigma-factor antagonist family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0305 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of tetrathionate to generate elemental sulfur, thiosulfate and sulfate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell surface Note=Associated with the S-layer in the pseudo-periplasmic space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tetrathionate hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein transport from endosomes to the vacuole. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OB-RGRP/VPS55 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits RpoS proteolysis by regulating RssB activity, thereby increasing the stability of the sigma stress factor RpoS during oxidative stress. Its effect on RpoS stability is due to its interaction with RssB, which probably blocks the interaction of RssB with RpoS, and the consequent delivery of the RssB-RpoS complex to the ClpXP protein degradation pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GpW/Gp25 family. IraD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Ionotropic receptor with a probable role in the modulation of auditory stimuli. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily. Alpha-10/CHRNA10 sub- subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized multi-pass membrane proteins like rhodopsins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EMC8/EMC9 family.


FUNCTION: Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-1 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin receptor type-2 (ACVR2A or ACVR2B). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocrine role in follicular development in the ovary. Within the receptor complex, type-2 receptors (ACVR2A and/or ACVR2B) act as a primary activin receptors whereas the type-1 receptors like ACVR1B act as downstream transducers of activin signals. Activin binds to type-2 receptor at the plasma membrane and activates its serine- threonine kinase. The activated receptor type-2 then phosphorylates and activates the type-1 receptor such as ACVR1B. Once activated, the type- 1 receptor binds and phosphorylates the SMAD proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3, on serine residues of the C-terminal tail. Soon after their association with the activin receptor and subsequent phosphorylation, SMAD2 and SMAD3 are released into the cytoplasm where they interact with the common partner SMAD4. This SMAD complex translocates into the nucleus where it mediates activin-induced transcription. Inhibitory SMAD7, which is recruited to ACVR1B through FKBP1A, can prevent the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. Activin signal transduction is also antagonized by the binding to the receptor of inhibin-B via the IGSF1 inhibin coreceptor. ACVR1B also phosphorylates TDP2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in cuticle biogenesis. Required in combination with bli-3 for correct formation of cross-links in cuticle collagens. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family.


FUNCTION: Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. FUNCTION: Assembles around the rod to form the L-ring and probably protects the motor/basal body from shearing forces during rotation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor Bacterial flagellum basal body. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor Bacterial flagellum basal body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FlgH family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FlgH family.


FUNCTION: FAD-dependent monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of hancockiamides, an unusual new family of N-cinnamoylated piperazines (PubMed:33242032). The NRPS hkm10 and the NmrA-like reductase hkm9 are proposed to convert two molecules of L-Phe to the intermediary piperazine called xenocockiamide A (Probable). Xenocockiamide A is then converted to hancockiamide D via a series of hydroxylations and O-methylations (Probable). The tyrosinase hkm6 may catalyze an aromatic hydroxylation, then the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent Fe(II) dioxygenase hkm4 and the FAD-dependent phenol hydroxylase hkm7 may catalyze consecutive hydroxylations to install 2 more hydroxy groups, and the methyltransferase hkm8 probably catalyzes two methylations using 2 molecules of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) (Probable). The NRPS hkm11 activates and transfers trans-cinnamate supplied by the PAL hkm12 to hancockiamide D and produces hancockiamide A (PubMed:33242032). NRPS Hkm11 has the flexibility to tolerate the bulky hancockiamide G as a substrate and the absence of the acetyl- transferase hkm3 opens up the opportunity for hkm11 to introduce a second N-cinnamoyl moiety (PubMed:33242032). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase hkm5 catalyzes the methylenedioxy bridge formation, converting hancockiamide A into hancockiamide G (PubMed:33242032). Hkm5 can also convert hancockiamide B into hancockiamide C, and hancockiamide D into hancockiamide H (PubMed:33242032). The N- acetyltransferase hkm3 finally transfers an acetyl group to 1-N of piperazine, converting hancockiamide A into hancockiamide B and hancockiamide G into hancockiamide C (PubMed:33242032). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PheA/TfdB FAD monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. Plastid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferritin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the utilization of cholesterol as the sole carbon and energy source by degrading the side chain. Primarily catalyzes the sequential oxidation of the terminal methyl of cholest-4-en-3-one into (25S)-26-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (alcohol), (25S)-26-oxocholest-4-en- 3-one (aldehyde), to finally yield the carboxylic acid (25S)-3- oxocholest-4-en-26-oate. Also able to sequentially oxidize cholesterol itself, not only cholest-4-en-3-one. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Probable cation channel with high affinity for sodium. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel (TC 1.A.6) family. ASIC4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cleaves peptide bonds on the C-terminal side of prolyl residues within peptides that are up to approximately 30 amino acids long. Has high activity on the succinyl- (suc-) peptide-4- methylcoumaryl-7-amide (MCA) substrates suc-Gly-Pro-Leu-Gly-Pro-MCA, suc-Gly-Pro-MCA and suc-Ala-Ala-Ala-MCA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S9A family.


FUNCTION: Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:18485873). APC7 is not required for the assembly of the APC/C complex, but has an enzyme-substrate adapter activity mediating the processive ubiquitination of specific substrates (PubMed:34942119). Involved in brain development through the specific ubiquitination and clearance of MKI67 from constitutive heterochromatin after neuronal progenitors exit mitosis (PubMed:34942119). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Localizes to spindle during metaphase and to cytoplasmic microtubules during interphase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the APC7 family.


FUNCTION: Effector that leads to host programmed cell death. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host nucleus Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of geraniol to geranial, playing an important role in the biosynthesis of neral, an alarm pheromone. Cannot use NADP(+). Also acts as a farnesol dehydrogenase by catalyzing the oxidation of (2E,6E)-farnesol to (2E,6E)-farnesal, with lower activity compared to geraniol dehydrogenase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible conversion of beta-D-fructose 1,6- bisphosphate (FBP) into two triose phosphate and plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis (By similarity). In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, I band Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, M line Note=In skeletal muscle, accumulates around the M line and within the I band, colocalizing with FBP2 on both sides of the Z line in the absence of Ca(2+). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.


FUNCTION: Glycosyltransferase involved in the O-arabinosylation of several proteins including extensins and small signaling peptides (By similarity). Catalyzes the transfer of the initial L-arabinose to the hydroxyl group of Hyp residues (By similarity). Probably involved in the arabinosylation of CLAVATA3/ESR-related (CLE) signaling peptides that move from root to shoot, to interact with SUNN receptor kinase signaling that regulates nodulation (Probable). Involved in long distance nodulation signaling events (PubMed:28592666). Involved in the autoregulation of nodulation (AON), a long distance systemic signaling from root to shoot and back again, which allows legumes to limit the number of root nodules formed based on available nitrogen and previous rhizobial colonization (PubMed:28592666). Functions in the root, upstream of the shoot receptor kinase SUNN and via CLE peptide, to control AON (PubMed:28592666). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Component of the BLOC-3 complex, a complex that acts as a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for RAB32 and RAB38, promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting them from an inactive GDP-bound form into an active GTP-bound form. The BLOC-3 complex plays an important role in the control of melanin production and melanosome biogenesis and promotes the membrane localization of RAB32 and RAB38 (PubMed:23084991).


FUNCTION: May be involved in metal transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CbiM family.


FUNCTION: GPI-anchored chitinase involved in the degradation of chitin, a component of the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletal elements of some animals (including worms and arthropods). Required to reshape the cell wall at the sites where cell wall remodeling and/or cell wall maturation actively take place such as sites of conidia formation (By similarity). FUNCTION: GPI-anchored chitinase involved in the degradation of chitin, a component of the cell walls of fungi and exoskeletal elements of some animals (including worms and arthropods). Required to reshape the cell wall at the sites where cell wall remodeling and/or cell wall maturation actively take place such as sites of conidia formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor Secreted, cell wall Cell tip Note=Localizes at the germ tubes of conidia, at hyphal branching sites and hyphal tips. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Secreted, cell wall Cell tip Note=Localizes at the germ tubes of conidia, at hyphal branching sites and hyphal tips. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. Chitinase class III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Light-harvesting photosynthetic bile pigment-protein from the phycobiliprotein complex (phycobilisome, PBS). Phycocyanin is the major phycobiliprotein in the PBS rod. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Note=Part of the phycobilisome rod. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycobiliprotein family.


FUNCTION: Metalloendoprotease which cleaves peptides such as tachykinin peptide TK-2 at the amino side of hydrophobic residues (PubMed:15554877, PubMed:17157960). Functions in female fertility, embryogenesis and memory formation (PubMed:24395329, PubMed:27629706). Required in females for normal patterns of egg laying, probably due to its function in sperm retention and preventing sperm displacement by rival ejaculates (PubMed:24395329). Also required for normal patterns of hatching due to its important role in early embryonic development (PubMed:24395329). Required in the dorsal paired medial neurons for the proper formation of middle-term memory (PubMed:27629706). Also required in the mushroom body neurons where it functions redundantly with neprilysins Nep3 and Nep4 in normal long-term memory formation (PubMed:27629706). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Secreted Note=A secreted form exists that is probably produced by proteolytic cleavage (Probable). In embryos, adult Malpighian tubules and testes, detected in the soluble fraction but is not detected in the membrane fraction (PubMed:15554877, PubMed:17157960). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M13 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that plays a key role in chondrocytes differentiation and skeletal development (PubMed:24038782). Specifically binds the 5'-ACAAAG-3' DNA motif present in enhancers and super-enhancers and promotes expression of genes important for chondrogenesis, including cartilage matrix protein-coding genes COL2A1, COL4A2, COL9A1, COL11A2 and ACAN, SOX5 and SOX6 (PubMed:8640233). Also binds to some promoter regions (By similarity). Plays a central role in successive steps of chondrocyte differentiation (By similarity). Absolutely required for precartilaginous condensation, the first step in chondrogenesis during which skeletal progenitors differentiate into prechondrocytes (By similarity). Together with SOX5 and SOX6, required for overt chondrogenesis when condensed prechondrocytes differentiate into early stage chondrocytes, the second step in chondrogenesis (By similarity). Later, required to direct hypertrophic maturation and block osteoblast differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes: maintains chondrocyte columnar proliferation, delays prehypertrophy and then prevents osteoblastic differentiation of chondrocytes by lowering beta-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling and RUNX2 expression (By similarity). Also required for chondrocyte hypertrophy, both indirectly, by keeping the lineage fate of chondrocytes, and directly, by remaining present in upper hypertrophic cells and transactivating COL10A1 along with MEF2C (By similarity). Low lipid levels are the main nutritional determinant for chondrogenic commitment of skeletal progenitor cells: when lipids levels are low, FOXO (FOXO1 and FOXO3) transcription factors promote expression of SOX9, which induces chondrogenic commitment and suppresses fatty acid oxidation (By similarity). Mechanistically, helps, but is not required, to remove epigenetic signatures of transcriptional repression and deposit active promoter and enhancer marks at chondrocyte-specific genes (By similarity). Acts in cooperation with the Hedgehog pathway-dependent GLI (GLI1 and GLI3) transcription factors (By similarity). In addition to cartilage development, also acts as a regulator of proliferation and differentiation in epithelial stem/progenitor cells: involved in the lung epithelium during branching morphogenesis, by balancing proliferation and differentiation and regulating the extracellular matrix (By similarity). Controls epithelial branching during kidney development (By similarity). FUNCTION: Transcription factor that plays a key role in chondrocytes differentiation and skeletal development. Specifically binds the 5'- ACAAAG-3' DNA motif present in enhancers and super-enhancers and promotes expression of genes important for chondrogenesis, including cartilage matrix protein-coding genes COL2A1, COL4A2, COL9A1, COL11A2 and ACAN, SOX5 and SOX6. Also binds to some promoter regions. Plays a central role in successive steps of chondrocyte differentiation. Absolutely required for precartilaginous condensation, the first step in chondrogenesis during which skeletal progenitors differentiate into prechondrocytes. Together with SOX5 and SOX6, required for overt chondrogenesis when condensed prechondrocytes differentiate into early stage chondrocytes, the second step in chondrogenesis. Later, required to direct hypertrophic maturation and block osteoblast differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes: maintains chondrocyte columnar proliferation, delays prehypertrophy and then prevents osteoblastic differentiation of chondrocytes by lowering beta-catenin (CTNNB1) signaling and RUNX2 expression. Also required for chondrocyte hypertrophy, both indirectly, by keeping the lineage fate of chondrocytes, and directly, by remaining present in upper hypertrophic cells and transactivating COL10A1 along with MEF2C. Low lipid levels are the main nutritional determinant for chondrogenic commitment of skeletal progenitor cells: when lipids levels are low, FOXO (FOXO1 and FOXO3) transcription factors promote expression of SOX9, which induces chondrogenic commitment and suppresses fatty acid oxidation. Mechanistically, helps, but is not required, to remove epigenetic signatures of transcriptional repression and deposit active promoter and enhancer marks at chondrocyte-specific genes. Acts in cooperation with the Hedgehog pathway-dependent GLI (GLI1 and GLI3) transcription factors. In addition to cartilage development, also acts as a regulator of proliferation and differentiation in epithelial stem/progenitor cells: involved in the lung epithelium during branching morphogenesis, by balancing proliferation and differentiation and regulating the extracellular matrix. Controls epithelial branching during kidney development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate (CP) to the N(epsilon) atom of ornithine (ORN) to produce L-citrulline, which is a substrate for argininosuccinate synthetase (ArgG) involved in the final step in arginine biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family.


FUNCTION: tRNA methylase which 2'-O-methylates cytidine(4) in tRNA(Pro) and tRNA(Gly)(GCC), and adenosine(4) in tRNA(His). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase TRM13 family.


FUNCTION: Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. May play a role in regulating the mature length of the middle and short rows of stereocilia (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell projection, stereocilium Note=Perinuclear and G-actin-rich cortical actin structure sublocalization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the regio and stereo-specific incorporation of molecular oxygen into free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating lipid hydroperoxides that can be further reduced to the corresponding hydroxy species (PubMed:17493578, PubMed:1851637, PubMed:8319693, PubMed:8500694, PubMed:18311922, PubMed:32404334). Mainly converts arachidonate ((5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoate) to the specific bioactive lipid (12S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoate/(12S)-HPETE (PubMed:17493578, PubMed:22984144, PubMed:24282679, PubMed:8319693, PubMed:8500694). Through the production of bioactive lipids like (12S)- HPETE it regulates different biological processes including platelet activation (PubMed:8319693, PubMed:8500694). It can also catalyze the epoxidation of double bonds of polyunsaturated fatty acids such as (14S)-hydroperoxy-docosahexaenoate/(14S)-HPDHA resulting in the formation of (13S,14S)-epoxy-DHA (PubMed:23504711). Furthermore, it may participate in the sequential oxidations of DHA ((4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z,19Z)-docosahexaenoate) to generate specialized pro- resolving mediators (SPMs) like resolvin D5 ((7S,17S)-diHPDHA) and (7S,14S)-diHPDHA, that actively down-regulate the immune response and have anti-aggregation properties with platelets (PubMed:32404334). An additional function involves a multistep process by which it transforms leukotriene A4/LTA4 into the bioactive lipids lipoxin A4/LXA4 and lipoxin B4/LXB4, both are vasoactive and LXA4 may regulate neutrophil function via occupancy of specific recognition sites (PubMed:8250832). Can also peroxidize linoleate ((9Z,12Z)-octadecadienoate) to (13S)- hydroperoxyoctadecadienoate/ (13S-HPODE) (By similarity). Due to its role in regulating both the expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF, an angiogenic factor involved in the survival and metastasis of solid tumors) and the expression of integrin beta-1 (known to affect tumor cell migration and proliferation), it can be regarded as protumorigenic (PubMed:9751607, PubMed:16638750, PubMed:22237009). Important for cell survival, as it may play a role not only in proliferation but also in the prevention of apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (PubMed:23578768). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Membrane. Note=Membrane association is stimulated by EGF. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipoxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Regulatory protein for the formate hydrogenlyase system. Could act by directly interacting with FhlA or by preventing the binding of FhlA to the upstream activatory sequence (PubMed:1625581). Also down-regulates expression of the hyf operon (PubMed:12426353). FUNCTION: Regulatory protein for the formate hydrogenlyase system. Could act by directly interacting with FhlA or by preventing the binding of FhlA to the upstream activatory sequence (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Retina-specific kinase involved in the shutoff of the photoresponse and adaptation to changing light conditions via cone opsin phosphorylation, including rhodopsin (RHO). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Lipid- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family. XerA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Reduces FMN, organic nitro compounds and disulfide DTNB. Involved in maintenance of the cellular redox state and the disulfide stress response (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavin oxidoreductase frp family.


FUNCTION: May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Has been shown in human and mouse to be a nucleolar protein, while sequence analysis programs clearly predict 2 transmembrane regions.


FUNCTION: Cell adhesion molecule that mediates both heterotypic cell- cell contacts via its interaction with CD6, as well as homotypic cell- cell contacts. Promotes T-cell activation and proliferation via its interactions with CD6 (By similarity). Contributes to the formation and maturation of the immunological synapse via its interactions with CD6 (By similarity). Mediates homotypic interactions with cells that express ALCAM. Mediates attachment of dendritic cells onto endothelial cells via homotypic interaction. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and promotes endothelial tube formation via homotypic interactions. Required for normal organization of the lymph vessel network. Required for normal hematopoietic stem cell engraftment in the bone marrow. Plays a role in hematopoiesis; required for normal numbers of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow. Promotes in vitro osteoblast proliferation and differentiation (By similarity). Promotes neurite extension, axon growth and axon guidance; axons grow preferentially on surfaces that contain ALCAM (By similarity). Mediates outgrowth and pathfinding for retinal ganglion cell axons (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell projection, axon Cell projection, dendrite Note=Detected at the immunological synapse, i.e, at the contact zone between antigen- presenting dendritic cells and T-cells. Colocalizes with CD6 and the TCR/CD3 complex at the immunological synapse.


FUNCTION: Calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute carrier. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the activation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) to cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc), a substrate required for the addition of sialic acid. Has some activity toward NeuNAc, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) or 2-keto-3-deoxy-D- glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CMP-NeuNAc synthase family.


FUNCTION: TATA box-binding transcription factor. Members of the TBP family are differentially required to regulate transcription and development during early embryogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TBP family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the stabilization of the sigma stress factor RpoS. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IraM/RssC family.


FUNCTION: Hydroxylase involved in the oxidation of the plant hormone jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), a bioactive phytohormone of the jasmonate-mediated signaling pathway. Converts JA-Ile to 12-hydroxy-JA- Ile. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Scorpion venom natriuretic peptide that increases the perfusion pressure, glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow in the isolated perfused rat kidney assay. Induces a decrease of the percentages of renal transport for sodium, potassium and chloride and an increase of the urinary cGMP concentration. Also down-regulates the mRNA expression of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR1) in the kidneys whereas it up-regulates those of NPR-B (NPR2), NPR-C (NPR3) and guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) mRNAs. May exhibit hypotensive and vasodepressor activities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family.


FUNCTION: Deubiquitinase that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'- and linear 'Met-1'-linked polyubiquitin chains and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation and TNF-alpha-induced necroptosis. Negatively regulates NF- kappa-B activation by deubiquitinating upstream signaling factors. Contributes to the regulation of cell survival, proliferation and differentiation via its effects on NF-kappa-B activation. Negative regulator of Wnt signaling. Inhibits HDAC6 and thereby promotes acetylation of alpha-tubulin and stabilization of microtubules. Plays a role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation, cell polarization, cell migration, and angiogenesis. Required for normal cell cycle progress and normal cytokinesis. Inhibits nuclear translocation of NF-kappa-B. Plays a role in the regulation of inflammation and the innate immune response, via its effects on NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity). Dispensable for the maturation of intrathymic natural killer cells, but required for the continued survival of immature natural killer cells. Negatively regulates TNFRSF11A signaling and osteoclastogenesis. Involved in the regulation of ciliogenesis, allowing ciliary basal bodies to migrate and dock to the plasma membrane; this process does not depend on NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity). Ability to remove linear ('Met-1'-linked) polyubiquitin chains regulates innate immunity and TNF-alpha-induced necroptosis: recruited to the LUBAC complex via interaction with SPATA2 and restricts linear polyubiquitin formation on target proteins. Regulates innate immunity by restricting linear polyubiquitin formation on RIPK2 in response to NOD2 stimulation (By similarity). Involved in TNF-alpha-induced necroptosis by removing linear ('Met-1'-linked) polyubiquitin chains from RIPK1, thereby regulating the kinase activity of RIPK1 (By similarity). Negatively regulates intestinal inflammation by removing 'Lys-63' linked polyubiquitin chain of NLRP6, thereby reducing the interaction between NLRP6 and PYCARD/ASC and formation of the NLRP6 inflammasome (By similarity). Removes 'Lys-63' linked polyubiquitin chain of MAP3K7, which inhibits phosphorylation and blocks downstream activation of the JNK-p38 kinase cascades (By similarity). Removes also 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains of MAP3K1 and MA3P3K3, which inhibit their interaction with MAP2K1 and MAP2K2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Note=Detected at the microtubule cytoskeleton during interphase (By similarity). Detected at the midbody during telophase (By similarity). During metaphase, it remains localized to the centrosome but is also present along the spindle (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C19 family.


FUNCTION: Membrane-bound metalloprotease which catalyzes the removal of a penultimate prolyl residue from the N-termini of peptides, such as Arg-Pro-Pro. May play a role in the metabolism of the vasodilator bradykinin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M24B family.


FUNCTION: Insecticidal toxin that reversibly and voltage-independently blocks both mid-low- (M-LVA) and high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channels (Cav) in cockroach DUM neurons. Also causes a modest block of insect sodium channel currents (Nav). Induces potent excitatory symptoms, followed by flaccid paralysis leading to death in house crickets (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 08 (Shiva) family. 01 (omega toxin) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation in keratinocytes and pre-B cell receptor, mediates regulation of epithelial tight junction integrity and foam cell formation, and is required for glioblastoma proliferation and apoptosis prevention in MCF-7 cells. In keratinocytes, binds and activates the tyrosine kinase FYN, which in turn blocks epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and leads to keratinocyte growth arrest and differentiation. Associates with the cyclin CCNE1- CDK2-CDKN1B complex and inhibits CDK2 kinase activity, leading to RB1 dephosphorylation and thereby G1 arrest in keratinocytes. In association with RALA activates actin depolymerization, which is necessary for keratinocyte differentiation. In the pre-B cell receptor signaling, functions downstream of BLNK by up-regulating IRF4, which in turn activates L chain gene rearrangement. Regulates epithelial tight junctions (TJs) by phosphorylating occludin (OCLN) on threonine residues, which is necessary for the assembly and maintenance of TJs. In association with PLD2 and via TLR4 signaling, is involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RGS2 down-regulation and foam cell formation. Upon PMA stimulation, mediates glioblastoma cell proliferation by activating the mTOR pathway, the PI3K/AKT pathway and the ERK1-dependent phosphorylation of ELK1. Involved in the protection of glioblastoma cells from irradiation-induced apoptosis by preventing caspase-9 activation. In camptothecin-treated MCF-7 cells, regulates NF-kappa-B upstream signaling by activating IKBKB, and confers protection against DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Promotes oncogenic functions of ATF2 in the nucleus while blocking its apoptotic function at mitochondria. Phosphorylates ATF2 which promotes its nuclear retention and transcriptional activity and negatively regulates its mitochondrial localization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associates with cell membrane during keratinocytes differentiation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PKC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in mitochondrial DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway induced by oxidative stress. Has apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) (PubMed:33743509). Has nucleotide incision repair (NIR) activity; acts on dsDNA with oxidized bases thymine glycol and 5,6-dihydro-2'-deoxyuridine (PubMed:33743509). Has 3'-5' exonuclease; can use dsDNA templates with 3'-OH termini including blunt-end, gapped and mismatched 3'-recessed (PubMed:33743509). Has 3'- phosphatase activity; cleaves 3'-phosphate from blunt, recessed and gapped dsDNA templates, followed by 3'-5' exonuclease activity (PubMed:33743509). Has RNase H-like activity; cleaves RNA on 3'- recessed RNA-DNA duplex (PubMed:33743509). Plays a role in merosome infection of host erythrocytes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA repair enzymes AP/ExoA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits fibrinogen interaction with platelets. Acts by binding to alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B/ITGB3) on the platelet surface and inhibits aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and collagen. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom metalloproteinase (M12B) family. P-II subfamily. P-IIa sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Putative transcription factor required for axon growth and guidance in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Repels CNS axons away from the midline by promoting the expression of the midline repellent sli and its receptor robo. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Appears to play a central role in the parasite detoxification system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Pi family.


FUNCTION: Involved in gametogenesis and steroidogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family.


FUNCTION: NADPH-dependent single-electron reducing quinone reductase (PubMed:20424175). Involved in haustorium initiation in parasitic plants through redox cycling of exogenous haustorium-inducing factors (PubMed:20424175). Can use 9,10-phenanthrenequinone (PAQ), 1,2- naphthoquinone, 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (juglone) and 2,6- dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (DMBQ) as substrates, but has no activity with menadione, diamide, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone or 1,4- naphthoquinone (PubMed:20424175). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast outer membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Quinone oxidoreductase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Nitrilase that hydrolyzes preferentially aliphatic nitriles like malononitrile and fumaronitrile in vitro. These dinitriles are converted to the corresponding monoacid mononitriles, showing the enzyme is regioselective. Cannot hydrolyze compounds with a nitrile group bound to an aromatic ring or amino acid. Its biological role is unknown. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family. Mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL66 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinases involved in cAMP signaling in cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cAMP-dependent kinase regulatory chain family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that is involved in the formation of the two Fusaric acid derivatives, dehydrofusaric acid and fusarinolic acid, serving as a detoxification mechanism (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor (PubMed:28056346). Involved in motor neuron fate determination and maintenance, acting as an activator of gene expression in a subset of motor neurons (PubMed:28056346, PubMed:18817768). May act in concert with GFI1 homolog pag-3 in motor neuron fate determination (PubMed:18817768). Required to maintain the expression of transcriptional repressors bnc-1 and cfi-1, which play roles in the cell fate of motor neurons (PubMed:28056346). May play a role in the expression of proteins essential for axonal pathfinding and/or neuronal differentiation in both sensory and motor neurons (PubMed:9502737). Cooperates with jmjd-3.1 and wdr-5.1 to ensure robust transdifferentiation of the Y rectal cell to the PDA motor neuron during larval development (PubMed:25124442). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COE family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cytoplasm Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Detected on cytosolic polysomes (By similarity). Detected in ribosomes that are associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL21 family.


FUNCTION: Common antigen and a major cell adherence molecule. Most probably involved, with PEB1C, in a binding-protein-dependent transport system for an amino acid. May be involved in binding to intestinal cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 3 family.


FUNCTION: Cytokine that contributes to the inflammatory response in vivo. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-10 family.


FUNCTION: Type I keratin involved in the formation and maintenance of various skin appendages, specifically in determining shape and orientation of hair. Required for the correct growth of hair follicles, in particular for the persistence of the anagen (growth) state. Modulates the function of TNF-alpha in the specific context of hair cycling. Regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth through binding to the adapter protein SFN and by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. Involved in tissue repair. May be a marker of basal cell differentiation in complex epithelia and therefore indicative of a certain type of epithelial 'stem cells'. Acts as a promoter of epithelial proliferation by acting a regulator of immune response in skin: promotes Th1/Th17-dominated immune environment contributing to the development of basaloid skin tumors. May act as an autoantigen in the immunopathogenesis of psoriasis, with certain peptide regions being a major target for autoreactive T-cells and hence causing their proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein involved in invadopodia and podosome formation and extracellular matrix degradation. Binds matrix metalloproteinases (ADAMs), NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and phosphoinositides. Acts as an organizer protein that allows NOX1- or NOX3-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and ROS localization. Plays a role in mitotic clonal expansion during the immediate early stage of adipocyte differentiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cell projection, podosome. Note=Cytoplasmic in normal cells and localizes to podosomes in SRC- transformed cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SH3PXD2 family.


FUNCTION: May function as a transcriptional regulator that controls feoABC expression. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FeoC family.


FUNCTION: Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1-like complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility (PubMed:22325148, PubMed:28596365). Component of a PRC1-like complex that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119' on the X chromosome and is required for normal silencing of one copy of the X chromosome in XX females (PubMed:28596365). May stimulate ubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119' by recruiting the complex to target sites (PubMed:22325148, PubMed:28596365). Inhibits ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TP53, and thereby plays a role in regulating transcription of TP53 target genes (By similarity). May also regulate the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of other proteins like FANK1 to regulate apoptosis (PubMed:17874297). May be implicated in the regulation of the transcription as a repressor of the transcriptional activity of E4TF1 (By similarity). May bind to DNA (PubMed:19170609). May play a role in the repression of tumor growth and metastasis in breast cancer by down-regulating SRRM3 (PubMed:27748911). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=Primarily found in the nucleus. Detected in a punctate pattern likely to represent Polycomb group (PcG) bodies.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. In mitotic spindles this could allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the centrosome, and subsequent poleward microtubule flux. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. Also localized to the interphase centrosome and the mitotic spindle poles. Enhanced recruitment to the mitotic spindle poles requires microtubules and interaction with katnb1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase h subunit family.


FUNCTION: Negative feedback regulator that controls excessive innate immune responses. Regulates both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and DDX58/RIG1-like helicases (RLH) pathways. May inhibit the LTR pathway by direct interaction with TRAF6 and attenuation of NF-kappa-B activation. May negatively regulate the RLH pathway downstream from MAVS and upstream of NF-kappa-B and IRF3 (By similarity).


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 51 kDa subunit family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=May be a cytoskeletal protein.


FUNCTION: Precursor from which the VPg molecule is probably released at the onset of the RNA synthesis. Essential for virus replication. Participates, together with the proteins P0 and P7, in the inhibition of the induction of aphid-induced host phytohormones (PubMed:31758809). This could play a role in the attraction to the infected plants by aphids (PubMed:31758809). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Protein P1]: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S39B family.


FUNCTION: Required for the function of coenzyme Q in the respiratory chain. May serve as a chaperone or may be involved in the transport of Q6 from its site of synthesis to the catalytic sites of the respiratory complexes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COQ10 family.


FUNCTION: Hemoglobin epsilon chain is a beta-type chain found in early embryos. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PheA/TfdB FAD monooxygenase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: To M.tuberculosis Rv0102.


FUNCTION: Class I alpha-mannosidase essential for early N-glycan processing. Progressively trims alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues. Produces Man(5)GlcNAc(2) from Man(8)GlcNAc(2), but only Man(6)GlcNAc(2) from Man(9)GlcNAc(2). Has difficulty acting on the terminal mannose of the b-branch. Involved in root development and cell wall biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 47 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CDS family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a suppressor of ciliogenesis, specifically, the initiation of ciliogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriolar satellite Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Note=Localizes to centrioles in proliferative cells and basal bodies in ciliated cells. Disappears during ciliogenesis but reappears, albeit at a lower levels once ciliogenesis has completed. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ODF2 family.


FUNCTION: Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (By similarity). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the V-ATPase E subunit family.


FUNCTION: DEAD-box RNA helicase involved in various cellular processes at low temperature, including ribosome biogenesis, mRNA degradation and translation initiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DeaD/CsdA subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ELO family.


FUNCTION: A P subtype restriction enzyme that recognizes the double- stranded sequence 5'-GGYRCC-3' and cleaves after G-1.


FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk, playing a central role in the interaction of the ribosome with GTP-bound translation factors. FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk, playing a central role in the interaction of the ribosome with GTP-bound translation factors. FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk, playing a central role in the interaction of the ribosome with GTP-bound translation factors. FUNCTION: Protein L10 is also a translational repressor protein. It controls the translation of the rplJL-rpoBC operon by binding to its mRNA. FUNCTION: Protein L10 is also a translational repressor protein. It controls the translation of the rplJL-rpoBC operon by binding to its mRNA (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.


FUNCTION: Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion. May mediate intracellular signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Presynaptic cell membrane; Single- pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurexin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pyrimidine catabolism. May facilitate the hydrolysis of carbamate, a reaction that can also occur spontaneously. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Hydrolase RutD family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in redox reactions associated with the formation of disulfide bonds (By similarity). May contribute to the quality control of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. May regulate protein folding by enhancing the catalytic activity of UGGT1/UGCGL1 and UGGT2/UGCGL2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen Note=The association with UGGT1/UGCGL1 is essential for its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which promotes polyubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome pathway of ZIC2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. Nucleus envelope.


FUNCTION: Removes the 2'-phosphate from RNA via an intermediate in which the phosphate is ADP-ribosylated by NAD followed by a presumed transesterification to release the RNA and generate ADP-ribose 1''-2''- cyclic phosphate (APPR>P). May function as an ADP-ribosylase (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KptA/TPT1 family.


FUNCTION: There are several lipid A forms in this strain, including a phosphoethanolamine (1-O-P-pEtN) form; overexpression of this gene leads to higher levels of the 1-O-P-pEtN form of lipid A. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoethanolamine transferase family. EptA subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.


FUNCTION: Integral part of the sensory system that mediates food signaling, providing the neural basis for the regulation of food response; coordinates larval foraging and social behavior changes during development. Required in dopaminergic (DA) neurons that innervate the mushroom body for satiety to suppress appetitive memory performance; a key factor in the internal state of hunger in the brain. NPF neurons coordinately modulate diverse sensory and motor neurons important for feeding, flight, and locomotion. NPF/NPFR pathway exerts its suppressive effect on larval aversion to diverse stressful stimuli (chemical stress and noxious heat) through attenuation of TRP channel- induced neuronal excitation. NPF neural signaling system plays a physiological role in acute modulation of alcohol sensitivity in adults, rather than a general response to intoxication by sedative agents. Activation and inhibition of the NPF system reduces and enhances ethanol preference, respectively. Sexual experience, the NPF system activity and ethanol consumption are all linked; sexual deprivation is a major contributor to enhanced ethanol preference. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NPY family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits glutathione (GSH) S-transferase activity toward 1- chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB); however this activity is as low as 1% of that of GstA. Also displays a GSH-dependent peroxidase activity toward cumene hydroperoxide. Is involved in defense against oxidative stress, probably via its peroxidase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily.


FUNCTION: As part of a BORC-like complex may play a role in lysosomes movement and localization at the cell periphery. Associated with the cytosolic face of lysosomes, this complex may couple lysosomes to microtubule plus-end-directed kinesin motor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BORCS7 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex hrt involved in hemin import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (By similarity). FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex hrt involved in hemin import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. HrtA family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.


FUNCTION: Carrier protein that bears the covalently bound substrates for arginine and lysine biosynthesis; bound L-glutamate is sequentially converted to L-ornithine, while bound alpha-aminoadipate (AAA) is sequentially converted to L-lysine.


FUNCTION: Has A-to-I RNA editing activity on extended dsRNA: edits RNA- binding protein Rnp4F. A-to-I editing of pre-mRNAs acts predominantly through nervous system targets to affect adult nervous system integrity, function and behavior. Essential for adaptation to environmental stresses, such as oxygen deprivation, and for the prevention of premature neuronal degeneration, through the editing of ion channels as targets.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that exhibits myotoxin and anticoagulant activity (PubMed:18602430). Displays edema-inducing activities in mouse paw (PubMed:18602430). Also displays cytotoxic activity against some cell lines and myotubes, and antimicrobial activities against E.coli, C.albicans and Leishmania (PubMed:18602430). PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group II subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Performs an essential function in the generation of cytoplasmic iron-sulfur proteins by mediating the ATP-dependent export of Fe/S cluster precursors synthesized by NFS1 and other mitochondrial proteins (By similarity). Hydrolyzes ATP (By similarity). Binds glutathione and may function by transporting a glutathione-conjugated iron-sulfur compound (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. Heavy Metal importer (TC 3.A.1.210) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent, however specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified so far. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ORC2 family.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein involved in the specific removal of group I introns in mitochondrial encoded transcripts. Maintains the stability of the small subunit mitochondrial 15S rRNA and thus the expression of the mitochondrial genome (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCM1 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated ion channel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the P2X receptor family.


FUNCTION: Effector that enhances P.infestans colonization of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host mitochondrion membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: Component that constitutes the tail found at one end of the virion. Together with Hsp70h and p64, encapsidates the 5'-terminal portion of the viral genome. Movement protein that is involved in local cell-cell movement via plamodesmata. At least five viral proteins, CP, CPm, p6, p64 and Hsp70h are essential for cell-cell movement. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Note=Integral virion tail component.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family. Ligninase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in determining body shape and sensory ray morphology, possibly by acting as a signaling molecule outside the expressing cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Cleaves the distal alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor. Required for the accumulation of seed storage proteins, the formation of protein bodies, cell differentiation, cellulose biosynthesis and organization (in cell walls), cell shape determination and organization (e.g. epidermal cells), and embryo development. Involved in root development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 63 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as a negative regulator of MYRF in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Interacts with the C-terminal of MYRF inhibiting MYRF self-cleavage and N-fragment nuclear translocation. The secreted form promotes differentiation of T helper 1 cells (Th1). FUNCTION: Functions as a negative regulator of MYRF in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Interacts with the C-terminal of MYRF inhibiting MYRF self-cleavage and N-fragment nuclear translocation (PubMed:25946230). The secreted form promotes differentiation of T helper 1 cells (Th1) (PubMed:25946230). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Secreted Secreted, extracellular exosome Note=Secreted by exosomes through a non-classical pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Secreted Secreted, extracellular exosome Note=Secreted by exosomes through a non-classical pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM98 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the BMP lipoprotein family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family. GABA-B receptor subfamily.


FUNCTION: Hydrolase with high activity towards palmitoylcarnitine. Is also active with p-nitrophenylacetate and alpha-naphthylacetate. May also hydrolyze retinyl esters (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome Endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the initial oxygenation of methane to methanol in methanotrophs. It also catalyzes the monohydroxylation of a variety of unactivated alkenes, alicyclic, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TmoA/XamoA family.


FUNCTION: Dephosphorylates several organic phosphate monoesters such as 3'-UMP, 5'-UMP and pNPP (PubMed:6256351). Also has a phosphotransferase activity catalyzing the transfer of low-energy phosphate groups from organic phosphate monoesters to free hydroxyl groups of various organic compounds such as the 2'-, 3-, or 5'-hydroxyls of nucleosides and nucleotides (PubMed:3049613). Also displays significant phosphomutase activity since it is able to catalyze the transfer of the phosphate group of 3'-AMP from the 3'-position both to the 2'- and 5'-positions. One of the physiological functions of the phosphohydrolytic activity of the enzyme is believed to be the scavenging of organic phosphate esters that otherwise cannot pass the cytoplasmic membrane (PubMed:6256351). FUNCTION: Dephosphorylates several organic phosphate monoesters (PubMed:14501135, PubMed:17570338). Also has a phosphotransferase activity catalyzing the transfer of low-energy phosphate groups from organic phosphate monoesters to free hydroxyl groups of various organic compounds (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class B bacterial acid phosphatase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class B bacterial acid phosphatase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle.


FUNCTION: Endosome-associated protein that plays a role in membrane receptor sorting, cytokinesis and ciliogenesis (PubMed:23108400, PubMed:25278552, PubMed:27767179). Involved in the endosome-to-plasma membrane trafficking and recycling of SNX27-retromer-dependent cargo proteins, such as GLUT1 (PubMed:25278552). Involved in the regulation of cytokinesis; the function may involve PTPN13 and GIT1 (PubMed:23108400). Plays a role in the formation of cilia (PubMed:27767179). Involved in cargo protein localization, such as PKD2, at primary cilia (PubMed:27767179). Involved in the presentation of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor TNFRSF1A on the cell surface, and hence in the modulation of the TNF-induced apoptosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Early endosome Endosome Recycling endosome Midbody Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Note=Colocalizes in a WASHC2-dependent manner with the retromer CSC complex at endosomes (PubMed:25278552). During cytokinesis colocalized with PTPN13 at the midbody (PubMed:23108400). Colocalizes with IFT88 and gamma-tubulin at the basal body of primary cilia (PubMed:27767179). Colocalizes with IFT88 and pericentrin at the centrosome (PubMed:27767179). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ENTR1 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL29 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor involved in the negative regulation of flowering time in short days, probably through the photoperiodic and vernalization pathways. Prevents premature flowering, particularly in the cv. Landsberg erecta background. In non-inductive photoperiods (e.g. short days), required for flowering through VIL2-mediated maintenance of the epigenetically repressed state of MAF5 via H3K9me2 and plant homeodomain / polycomb repressive complex 2 (PHD-PRC2)- dependent H3K27me3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Induces contraction of intestinal smooth muscle in isolated guinea pig ileum. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Peroniin subfamily.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein involved in the regulation of smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation in the gastrointestinal system (PubMed:22683258, PubMed:25064856). Binds NOG mRNA, the major inhibitor of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) pathway (PubMed:25064856). Mediates an increase of NOG mRNA levels, thereby contributing to the negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway and promoting reversible dedifferentiation and proliferation of smooth muscle cells (PubMed:25064856). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.


FUNCTION: Component of the SKA1 complex, a microtubule-binding subcomplex of the outer kinetochore that is essential for proper chromosome segregation. The SKA1 complex is a direct component of the kinetochore-microtubule interface and directly associates with microtubules as oligomeric assemblies. The complex facilitates the processive movement of microspheres along a microtubule in a depolymerization-coupled manner. In the complex, it mediates the microtubule-stimulated oligomerization. Affinity for microtubules is synergistically enhanced in the presence of the ndc-80 complex and may allow the ndc-80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=Localizes to the outer kinetochore and spindle microtubules during mitosis in a NDC80 complex-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SKA3 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPP enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of mannose from Dol-P-Man to lipid- linked oligosaccharides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 22 family.


FUNCTION: One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly near the 3'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL3 family.


FUNCTION: Has a non-hemolytic activity. Has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi and protozoa. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose and D-fructose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate and D- fructose 6-phosphate, respectively). Mediates the initial step of glycolysis by catalyzing phosphorylation of D-glucose to D-glucose 6- phosphate. Plays a key role in maintaining the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane by preventing the release of apoptogenic molecules from the intermembrane space and subsequent apoptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=The mitochondrial-binding peptide (MBP) region promotes association with the mitochondrial outer membrane. The interaction with the mitochondrial outer membrane via the mitochondrial-binding peptide (MBP) region promotes higher stability of the protein. Release from the mitochondrial outer membrane into the cytosol induces permeability transition pore (PTP) opening and apoptosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hexokinase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) toward guanine nucleotide exchange factors like ARL2, ARL3, ARF1 and ARF6, but not for GTPases outside the Arf family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional modulator with roles in meiotic regulation and silencing.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the early steps of the plant defense signaling pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RING-type zinc finger family. NIP subfamily.


FUNCTION: Carrier protein involved in the D-alanylation of lipoteichoic acid (LTA). The loading of thioester-linked D-alanine onto DltC is catalyzed by D-alanine--D-alanyl carrier protein ligase DltA. The DltC- carried D-alanyl group is further transferred to cell membrane phosphatidylglycerol (PG) by forming an ester bond, probably catalyzed by DltD. D-alanylation of LTA plays an important role in modulating the properties of the cell wall in Gram-positive bacteria, influencing the net charge of the cell wall. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DltC family.


FUNCTION: Could enhance the fertilizing capacity of bull spermatozoa upon interaction with heparin-like glycosaminoglycans present in the female genital tract. Exhibits both simulatory and inhibitory actions on the release of pituitary gonadotropins (By similarity). Binds to heparin and gelatin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the seminal plasma protein family.


FUNCTION: Essential for neural crest development, converting cells from an epidermal fate to a neural crest cell fate. Binds to DNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde. Hydrolyzes S-formylglutathione to glutathione and formate (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the esterase D family.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of the calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction. Essential for embryonic development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Note=Translocates to the plasma membrane upon calcium binding.


FUNCTION: Part of the anaerobic respiratory chain of trimethylamine-N- oxide reductase TorZ. Required for electron transfer to the TorZ terminal enzyme. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TorC/TorY family.


FUNCTION: Not toxic to mice by intracerebroventricular injection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 04 (omega-agtx) family. 03 (type II/III omega-agtx) subfamily.


FUNCTION: In the first step of glycine reductase, the substrate is bound to component PB via a Schiff base intermediate. Then the PB- activated substrate is nucleophilically attacked by the selenol anion of component PA to transform it to a carboxymethylated selenoether and the respective amine. By action of component PC, acetyl phosphate is formed, leaving component PA in its oxidized state. Finally component PA becomes reduced by the thioredoxin system to start a new catalytic cycle of reductive deamination.


FUNCTION: Provides the rickettsial cell with host ATP in exchange for rickettsial ADP. This is an obligate exchange system. This energy acquiring activity is an important component of rickettsial parasitism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ADP/ATP translocase tlc family.


FUNCTION: Major secreted protease of mast cells with suspected roles in vasoactive peptide generation, extracellular matrix degradation, and regulation of gland secretion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Cytoplasmic granule. Note=Mast cell granules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Granzyme subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0602 family.


FUNCTION: Cysteine protease that may have a developmental senescence specific cell death function during apoptosis, heavy metal detoxification, and hypersensitive response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole Note=Localized in senescence-associated vacuoles (SAVs) with intense proteolytic activity that develop in the peripheral cytoplasm of mesophyll and guard cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 6 family.


FUNCTION: Channel-forming tight junction protein with selectivity for anions, including chloride and bicarbonate, and for solutes smaller than 9 Angstrom in diameter. In the kidney proximal tubule, may be involved in quantitative reabsorption of filtered anions. Does not affect water permeability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, tight junction Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the claudin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the dark-operative protochlorophyllide reductase (DPOR) that uses Mg-ATP and reduced ferredoxin to reduce ring D of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to form chlorophyllide a (Chlide). This reaction is light-independent. The NB-protein (ChlN-ChlB) is the catalytic component of the complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ChlB/BchB/BchZ family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in melanin biosynthesis (PubMed:2245916). Catalyzes the oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) into indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid (PubMed:7813420). May regulate or influence the type of melanin synthesized (PubMed:7813420, PubMed:2245916). Also to a lower extent, capable of hydroxylating tyrosine and producing melanin (PubMed:1537333). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Melanosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Located to mature stage III and IV melanosomes and apposed endosomal tubular membranes. Transported to pigmented melanosomes by the BLOC-1 complex. Proper trafficking to melanosome is regulated by SGSM2, ANKRD27, RAB9A, RAB32 and RAB38. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tyrosinase family.


FUNCTION: The ERF2-ERF4 complex is a palmitoyltransferase specific for Ras proteins. Palmitoylates RAS2, which is required for its proper plasma membrane localization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ERF4 family.


FUNCTION: Positive regulator of basal resistance and of effector- triggered immunity specifically mediated by TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) resistance proteins. Disruption by bacterial effector of EDS1-TIR-NB-LRR resistance protein interactions constitutes the first step in resistance activation (PubMed:22158819). Acts redundantly with salicylic acid to regulate resistance gene-mediated signaling (PubMed:19578402). Triggers early plant defenses and hypersensitive response independently of PAD4, and then recruits PAD4 to potentiate plant defenses through the accumulation of salicylic acid (PubMed:11574472). Nuclear localization is essential for basal and TNL- conditioned immunity and for reprogramming defense gene expression, while cytoplasmic EDS1 is required to induce a complete immune response (PubMed:20617163). Heterodimerization with PAD4 and/or SGA101 is necessary for TNL-mediated effector-triggered immunity (PubMed:24331460). Contributes to nonhost resistance against E.amylovora (PubMed:22316300). Loss of EDS1-PAD4 interaction compromises basal but not TNL-triggered resistance (PubMed:21434927). Necessary for systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signal generation and perception (PubMed:24755512). Has no direct lipase activity (PubMed:16040633). Putative lipase activity is dispensable for immune functions (PubMed:24331460). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Microsome Note=Found in both the nucleus and diffuse in the cytosol when associated with PAD4, in the nucleus and in punctate spots in the cytoplasm when interacting with SRFR1, SNC1 or RPS4, only in the nucleus when associated with SAG101 and in the cytosol when it dimerizes. Found in the nucleus when interacting with VICTR and PAD4. Interacts with AvrRps4 and HopA1 effectors in microsomes.


FUNCTION: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits antiviral activity against vif-deficient: HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) and also against simian foamy virus (SFV). After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. May inhibit the mobility of LTR retrotransposons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, P-body Note=Mainly cytoplasmic, small amount are found in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0201 family.


FUNCTION: Lipoxygenase that metabolizes linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids to 13S-hydroperoxy fatty acids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipoxygenase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TUB family.


FUNCTION: Dioxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of 15-deoxyoxalicine B (PubMed:30090271). The first step of the pathway is the synthesis of nicotinyl-CoA from nicotinic acid by the nicotinic acid-CoA ligase olcI (PubMed:30090271). Nicotinyl-CoA is then a substrate of polyketide synthase olcA to produce 4-hydroxy-6-(3- pyridinyl)-2H-pyran-2-one (HPPO) which is further prenylated by the polyprenyl transferase olcH to yield geranylgeranyl-HPPO (PubMed:30090271). Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate is provided by the cluster-specific geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase olcC (PubMed:30090271). The FAD-dependent monooxygenase olcE catalyzes the epoxidation of geranylgeranyl-HPPO and the terpene cyclase olcD catalyzes the cyclization of the terpenoid component, resulting in the formation of the tricyclic terpene moiety seen in predecaturin E (PubMed:30090271). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase then catalyzes the allylic oxidation of predecaturin E, which is followed by spirocylization with concomitant loss of one molecule of water to form decaturin E (PubMed:30090271). Decaturin E is the substrate of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase olcJ which hydroxylates it at the C-29 position to form decaturin F (PubMed:30090271). The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase olcF may catalyze the oxidation of decaturin F to generate the 29-hydroxyl-27-one intermediate, and subsequent hemiacetal formation probably leads to the formation of decaturin C (Probable). The dioxygenase olcK may be a peroxisomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of decaturin C into decaturin A once decaturin C is shuttled into the peroxisome by the MFS transporter olcL (Probable). Finally the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase olcB catalyzes the oxidative rearrangement to yield 15-deoxyoxalicine B (PubMed:30090271). In the absence of olcJ, decaturin E may be shunted to a pathway in which it is oxidized to a ketone, possibly by olcF, to form decaturin D, which undergoes further allylic oxidation to yield decaturin G (PubMed:30090271). Moreover, in the absence of oclK or oclL, oclB can convert decaturin C into 15-deoxyoxalicine A (PubMed:30090271). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PhyH family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in cooperative interactions with calmodulins or calmodulin-like proteins (By similarity). Recruits calmodulin proteins to microtubules, thus being a potential scaffold in cellular signaling and trafficking (By similarity). May associate with nucleic acids and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post- transcriptional level (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus envelope Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IQD family.


FUNCTION: Required for the assembly of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex). May play a role in the modulation of respiratory chain activities such as oxygen consumption and ATP production. May be involved in cytochrome b translation and/or stability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix, mitochondrion nucleoid Mitochondrion.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0167 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LDH2/MDH2 oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Acts with RNA polymerase to initiate transcription from late gene promoters. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) VLTF-3 family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves the GlcNAc-Asn bond which joins oligosaccharides to the peptide of asparagine-linked glycoproteins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ntn-hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Laminin alpha-5 receptor. May mediate intracellular signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be a menaquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.


FUNCTION: May regulate immune response to the intracellular capsid in acting as a T-cell tolerogen, by having an immunoregulatory effect which prevents destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T-cells. This immune regulation may predispose to chronicity during perinatal infections and prevent severe liver injury during adult infections. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthohepadnavirus precore antigen family.


FUNCTION: Involved in catabolism of D-apiose. Catalyzes isomerization of D-apiose to apulose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the xylose isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in phospholipid biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first step in phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the choline/ethanolamine kinase family.


FUNCTION: Pectinolytic enzymes consist of four classes of enzymes: pectin lyase, polygalacturonase, pectin methylesterase and rhamnogalacturonase. Among pectinolytic enzymes, pectin lyase is the most important in depolymerization of pectin, since it cleaves internal glycosidic bonds of highly methylated pectins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family.


FUNCTION: Secreted aspartic peptidases (SAPs) are a group of ten acidic hydrolases considered as key virulence factors. These enzymes supply the fungus with nutrient amino acids as well as are able to degrade the selected host's proteins involved in the immune defense. During infection, plays an important role in penetration into deeper tissues and interaction with host defense. Moreover, acts toward human hemoglobin though limited proteolysis to generate a variety of antimicrobial hemocidins, enabling to compete with the other microorganisms of the same physiological niche using the microbicidal peptides generated from the host protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner (By similarity). Positively regulates phosphorylated protein HSF1 nuclear export to the cytoplasm (PubMed:12917326). FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Positively regulates phosphorylated protein HSF1 nuclear export to the cytoplasm. FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways (PubMed:7931346). Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif (PubMed:7931346). Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner (PubMed:7931346). Positively regulates phosphorylated protein HSF1 nuclear export to the cytoplasm (By similarity). FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Melanosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Melanosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Melanosome Note=Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.


FUNCTION: Cytokine that may play a role in anterior neural induction and somite formation during embryogenesis in part through a BMP- inhibitory mechanism. Can regulate Nodal signaling during gastrulation as well as the formation and patterning of the primitive streak (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DAN family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator which binds specifically to the MEF2 element, 5'-YTA[AT](4)TAR-3', found in numerous muscle-specific genes. Activates transcription via this element. May be involved in muscle-specific and/or growth factor-related transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MEF2 family.


FUNCTION: Positive regulator of YopE.


FUNCTION: May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. Functions as regulator of the calcium- mediated abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway. Phosphorylates ABA- responsive transcription factors ABF1 and ABF4 in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in F420 biosynthesis through the oxidation of lactaldehyde to lactate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell projection, cilium, flagellum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CFAP36 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in intracellular calcium sensing and homeostasis. May act as a negative regulator of plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPases preventing calcium efflux from the cell (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell membrane in response to a depletion of intracellular calcium and is detected at punctae corresponding to junctions between the endoplasmic reticulum and the cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM20 family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the essential mitochondrial processing protease (MPP), which cleaves the mitochondrial sequence off newly imported precursors proteins (PubMed:29576218) (Probable). Preferentially, cleaves after an arginine at position P2 (By similarity). Required for PINK1 turnover by coupling PINK1 mitochondrial import and cleavage, which results in subsequent PINK1 proteolysis (PubMed:22354088). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M16 family.


FUNCTION: Odorant receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates. The odorant receptor repertoire encodes a large collection of odor stimuli that vary widely in identity, intensity, and duration. May form a complex with Orco to form odorant-sensing units, providing sensitive and prolonged odorant signaling and calcium permeability. Involved in the behavioral responses to pentanol, ethyl acetate, and propyl acetate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Heteromeric odorant receptor channel (TC 1.A.69) family. Or2a subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0328 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Zeta family.