FUNCTION: Probable tubulin polyglutamylase that generates side chains of glutamate on the gamma-carboxyl group of specific glutamate residues within the C-terminal tail of target proteins (PubMed:27257088). Similar to TTLL1, may acquire enzymatic activity only in complex with other proteins as it is most likely lacking domains important for autonomous activity (Probable). Mediates tubulin polyglutamylation which induces establishment of microtubule heterogeneity in sperm flagella, thereby playing a role in normal motile flagella axoneme structure and sperm flagella beating pattern (PubMed:27257088). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, flagellum axoneme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin--tyrosine ligase family.


FUNCTION: Is involved in L-lactate degradation and allows cells to grow with lactate as the sole carbon source. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LutC/YkgG family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the transport of dicarboxylates such as succinate, fumarate, and malate from the periplasm across the inner membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.


FUNCTION: Aminotransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of swainsonine (SW), a cytotoxic fungal alkaloid and a potential cancer therapy drug (PubMed:28381497). Swainsonine production occurs via a multibranched pathway and is dispensable for fungal colonization of plants and infection of insect hosts (By similarity). The first step of swainsonine biosynthesis is the production of the precursor pipecolic acid (PA) via conversion of L-lysine (Lys) to 1- piperideine-6-carboxylate (P6C) by the aminotransferase swnA, the latter being further reduced to PA by the reductase swnR (By similarity). The PKS-NRPS hybrid synthetase swnK uptakes and condensates PA and malonyl-CoA with and without skipping of the ketoreductase (KR) domain in order to produce 3 intermediates, 1- oxoindolizidine, (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin, and (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine; with the transisomer (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin being predominant (By similarity). The terminal thioester reductase (TE) domain of swnK is involved in reduction of the thioester bond to release the intermediate aldehydes (By similarity). The oxidoreductase swnN could contribute to the reduction of 1-oxoindolizidine to (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin and (1R)- 1-hydroxyindolizine, contributing to the major route of SW production (By similarity). The dioxygenase swnH2 would be responsible for the oxidization of (1R)-1-hydroxyindolizine into (1R,2S)-1,2- dihydroxyindolizine and of (1S)-1-hydroxyindolizin to yield both (1R,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine and (1S,2S)-1,2-dihydroxyindolizine (By similarity). The dioxygenase swnH1 then performs the conversion of the 1,2-dihydroxyindolizine epimers to SW (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family. Isoflavone reductase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.


FUNCTION: The IFNLR1/IL10RB dimer is a receptor for the cytokine ligands IFNL2 and IFNL3 and mediates their antiviral activity. The ligand/receptor complex stimulate the activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway leading to the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISG), which contribute to the antiviral state. Determines the cell type specificity of the lambda interferon action. Shows a more restricted pattern of expression in the epithelial tissues thereby limiting responses to lambda interferons primarily to epithelial cells of the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive tracts. Seems not to be essential for early virus-activated host defense in vaginal infection, but plays an important role in Toll-like receptor (TLR)- induced antiviral defense. Plays a significant role in the antiviral immune defense in the intestinal epithelium. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0438 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol and other primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes, except methanol, which is not a substrate (PubMed:7730276). Uses a specific inducible cytochrome c550, encoded by the adjacent gene in the locus, as electron acceptor (By similarity). Is a key enzyme of the carbon and energy metabolism during growth of P.putida on ethanol as the sole carbon and energy source (PubMed:18218017). Displays lower activity on secondary alcohols, aldehydes and diols. Is not active with sugar alcohols such as glycerol and D-sorbitol (PubMed:7730276). In vitro, reacts well with phenazine methosulfate (PMS) as an electron acceptor but not with NAD(P), potassium ferricyanide, or molecular oxygen (PubMed:7730276). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial PQQ dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. VAMP8 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane via its interaction with the STX17-SNAP29 binary t- SNARE complex (By similarity). Also required for dense-granule secretion in platelets (By similarity). Also plays a role in regulated enzyme secretion in pancreatic acinar cells (By similarity). Involved in the abscission of the midbody during cell division, which leads to completely separate daughter cells (PubMed:12737809). Involved in the homotypic fusion of early and late endosomes (PubMed:10982406, PubMed:11029036). Participates also in the activation of type I interferon antiviral response through a TRIM6-dependent mechanism (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Late endosome membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Early endosome membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Midbody Cell membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Zymogen granule membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Note=Perinuclear vesicular structures of the early and late endosomes, coated pits, and trans-Golgi (PubMed:9614193). Sub-tight junctional domain in retinal pigment epithelium cells (PubMed:11029036). Midbody region during cytokinesis (PubMed:12414999). Lumenal oriented, apical membranes of nephric tubular cell (PubMed:11208143). Cycles through the apical but not through the basolateral plasma membrane (By similarity). Apical region of acinar cells; in zymogen granule membranes (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synaptobrevin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the synthesis of phytochelatins (PC) and homophytochelatins (hPC), the heavy-metal-binding peptides of plants. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytochelatin synthase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cycloisomerase 2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of galactose via the DeLey- Doudoroff pathway. Catalyzes the reversible, stereospecific retro-aldol cleavage of 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogalactonate (KDPGal) to pyruvate and D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. In the synthetic direction, it catalyzes the addition of pyruvate to electrophilic aldehydes with re- facial selectivity. It can use a limited number of aldehyde substrates, including D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (natural substrate), D- glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde, D-ribose, D- erythrose and D-threose. It efficiently catalyzes aldol addition only using pyruvate as the nucleophilic component and accepts both stereochemical configurations at C2 of the electrophile. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KHG/KDPG aldolase family.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding protein involved in cell cycle control. May act as a transcription activator. Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes. Component of the PRP19-CDC5L complex that forms an integral part of the spliceosome and is required for activating pre-mRNA splicing. The PRP19-CDC5L complex may also play a role in the response to DNA damage (DDR). As a component of the minor spliceosome, involved in the splicing of U12-type introns in pre-mRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus speckle Cytoplasm Note=May shuttle between cytoplasm and nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CEF1 family.


FUNCTION: Removes the phosphate from trehalose 6-phosphate to produce free trehalose. Trehalose accumulation in plant improves abiotic stress tolerance. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the trehalose phosphatase family.


FUNCTION: Protein S19 forms a complex with S13 that binds strongly to the 16S ribosomal RNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS19 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae U59/UL88 family.


FUNCTION: Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tropomodulin family.


FUNCTION: The TFIID basal transcription factor complex plays a major role in the initiation of RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-dependent transcription. TFIID recognizes and binds promoters with or without a TATA box via its subunit TBP, a TATA-box-binding protein, and promotes assembly of the pre-initiation complex (PIC). The TFIID complex consists of TBP and TBP-associated factors (TAFs), including TAF1, TAF2, TAF3, TAF4, TAF5, TAF6, TAF7, TAF8, TAF9, TAF10, TAF11, TAF12 and TAF13. TAF11, together with TAF13 and TBP, play key roles during promoter binding by the TFIID and TFIIA transcription factor complexes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TAF11 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TonB-dependent receptor family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that specifically binds AT-rich DNA sequences related to the nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) (By similarity). Acts redundantly with AHL4 to regulate the formation of tissue boundary between the xylem and procambium in the root meristem (PubMed:23335615). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ROH1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1- phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1- phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type IV subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion intermembrane space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CHCHD7 family.


FUNCTION: Binds the 23S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL31 family. Type A subfamily.


FUNCTION: This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PCNA family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for R-spondins that potentiates the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and is involved in the formation of various organs. Upon binding to R-spondins (RSPO1, RSPO2, RSPO3 or RSPO4), associates with phosphorylated LRP6 and frizzled receptors that are activated by extracellular Wnt receptors, triggering the canonical Wnt signaling pathway to increase expression of target genes. In contrast to classical G-protein coupled receptors, does not activate heterotrimeric G-proteins to transduce the signal. Its function as activator of the Wnt signaling pathway is required for the development of various organs, including liver, kidney, intestine, bone, reproductive tract and eye. May play a role in regulating the circadian rhythms of plasma lipids. Required for proper development of GnRH neurons (gonadotropin- releasing hormone expressing neurons) that control the release of reproductive hormones from the pituitary gland (PubMed:32493844). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional protein involved in the biosynthesis of morphinan-type benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Required for the isomerization of (S)- to (R)-reticuline. The cytochrome P450 module is responsible for the conversion of (S)-reticuline to 1,2- dehydroreticuline while the oxidoreductase module converts 1,2- dehydroreticuline to (R)-reticuline. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in several reproductive functions. Induces Muellerian duct regression during male fetal sexual differentiation and plays a role in Leydig cell differentiation and function (By similarity). In female acts as a negative regulator of the primordial to primary follicle transition and decreases FSH sensitivity of growing follicles. AMH signals by binding to a specific type-II receptor, AMHR2, that heterodimerizes with type-I receptors (ACVR1 and BMPR1A), and recruiting SMAD proteins that are translocated to the nucleus to regulate target gene expression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


FUNCTION: Lipid-binding protein which promotes lipid absorption by facilitating MTTP-mediated lipid transfer (mainly triglycerides and phospholipids) and MTTP-mediated apoB lipoprotein assembly and secretion (By similarity). Protects the gastrointestinal epithelium from irradiation-induced apoptosis (By similarity). May play an important role in maintaining normal growth homeostasis in epithelial cells (By similarity). Involved in p53/TP53-dependent cell survival after DNA damage (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Endoplasmic reticulum.


FUNCTION: Required for O-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase (OAHS)- independent homocysteine (Hcy) biosynthesis (PubMed:25315403, PubMed:25938369). Together with MA_1822, catalyzes the condensation of sulfide with aspartate semialdehyde to generate homocysteine (Probable). Likely functions through persulfide intermediate (PubMed:28165724). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L-aspartate semialdehyde sulfurtransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). FUNCTION: Phosphorylation of GltX by HipA prevents it from being charged, leading to an increase in uncharged tRNA(Glu). This induces amino acid starvation and the stringent response via RelA/SpoT and increased (p)ppGpp levels, which inhibits replication, transcription, translation and cell wall synthesis, reducing growth and leading to multidrug resistance and persistence (PubMed:24095282, PubMed:24343429). Overexpression of GltX prevents HipA-induced growth arrest, persister formation and increases in (p)ppGpp levels (PubMed:24343429, PubMed:28430938). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two- step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Glutamate--tRNA ligase type 1 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 1 subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Phe-tRNA synthetase alpha subunit type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Galactose-specific lectin which binds IgE. May mediate with the alpha-3, beta-1 integrin the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Together with DMBT1, required for terminal differentiation of columnar epithelial cells during early embryogenesis (By similarity). In the nucleus: acts as a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Involved in acute inflammatory responses including neutrophil activation and adhesion, chemoattraction of monocytes macrophages, opsonization of apoptotic neutrophils, and activation of mast cells. Together with TRIM16, coordinates the recognition of membrane damage with mobilization of the core autophagy regulators ATG16L1 and BECN1 in response to damaged endomembranes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. Secreted Note=Secreted by a non- classical secretory pathway and associates with the cell surface. Can be secreted; the secretion is dependent on protein unfolding and facilitated by the cargo receptor TMED10; it results in protein translocation from the cytoplasm into the ERGIC (endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi intermediate compartment) followed by vesicle entry and secretion (PubMed:32272059).


FUNCTION: Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol- phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of NAD(+) from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and ATP. Can also use the deamidated form; nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) as substrate with the same efficiency. Can use triazofurin monophosphate (TrMP) as substrate. Can also use GTP and ITP as nucleotide donors. Also catalyzes the reverse reaction, i.e. the pyrophosphorolytic cleavage of NAD(+). For the pyrophosphorolytic activity, can use NAD(+), NADH, NaAD, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NHD), nicotinamide guanine dinucleotide (NGD) as substrates. Fails to cleave phosphorylated dinucleotides NADP(+), NADPH and NaADP(+) (By similarity). Protects against axonal degeneration following injury. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic NMN adenylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: This transcriptional activator recognizes and binds to the sequence 5'-RTTAYGTAAY-3' found in the promoter of genes such as albumin, CYP2A4 and CYP2A5. It is not essential for circadian rhythm generation, but modulates important clock output genes. May be a direct target for regulation by the circadian pacemaker component clock. May affect circadian period and sleep regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. PAR subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DMRL synthase family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the proteasome subunit S1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLO1 family.


FUNCTION: Displays thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. FUNCTION: Has thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. FUNCTION: Has thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. FUNCTION: Displays thioltransferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=Localizes to the virion core. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Note=Localizes to the virion core. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=Localizes to the virion core. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaredoxin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-3 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of meso-2,3-butanediol to (3R)-acetoin, and of (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol to (3S)-acetoin, with much lower efficiency (PubMed:23666479). Can also oxidize several primary alcohols such as glycerol, 1-2-pentanediol and 1,2-propanediol, with lower activity (PubMed:23666479). Cannot use (2R,3R)-2,3- butanediol (PubMed:23666479). In the presence of NADH, catalyzes the reduction of (3R)-acetoin to meso-2,3-butanediol, of (3S)-acetoin to (2S,3S)-2,3-butanediol and of diacetyl to (3S)-acetoin (PubMed:23666479). No activity is detected with NADPH/NADP(+) (PubMed:23666479). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes xyloglucan endohydrolysis (XEH) and/or endotransglycosylation (XET). Cleaves and religates xyloglucan polymers, an essential constituent of the primary cell wall, and thereby participates in cell wall construction of growing tissues. Involved in the accumulation of hemicelluloses. Has a high XEH activity and only a slight XET activity in vitro, but the main in planta activity seems to be XET, thus controlling aluminum sensitivity (PubMed:23204407, PubMed:23104861, PubMed:25446234). Acceptor preferences are XXXGol = XXFGol > XXLGol > XLLGol = XLFGol (PubMed:25446234). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 16 family. XTH group 3 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IIV-6 077L family.


FUNCTION: Antagonist of L-type calcium channels (Cav1/CACNA1). Induces immediate clockwise gyration and flaccid paralysis after 6 hours at dose levels of 5 ug per mouse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 02 (plectoxin) family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGACG-3'. Recognizes ocs elements like the as-1 motif of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Binding to the as-1-like cis elements mediate auxin- and salicylic acid-inducible transcription. May be involved in the induction of the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via its interaction with NPR1. Could also bind to the Hex-motif (5'- TGACGTGG-3') another cis-acting element found in plant histone promoters. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family.


FUNCTION: Sn-1-specific phospholipase A1 that catalyzes the initial step of oxylipins and jasmonate (JA) biosynthesis. Hydrolyzes polyunsaturated acyl groups preferentially from chloroplastic phosphatidylglycerol (PG). May function downstream of abscisic acid (ABA), and provide a link between ABA-mediated abiotic stress responses and oxylipin and JA signalings. In vitro, possesses broad substrate specificity. Can hydrolyze the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), the sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), and the phoshpolipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Dephosphorylates nucleoside monophosphates such as the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides in vitro. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in the assembly of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), an enzyme complex (also referred to as respiratory complex II) that is a component of both the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and which couples the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) to ubiquinol. Promotes maturation of the iron-sulfur protein subunit Sdhb of the SDH catalytic dimer, protecting it from the deleterious effects of oxidants. May act together with SDHAF3. Contributes to iron-sulfur cluster incorporation into SDHB by binding to SDHB and recruiting the iron-sulfur transfer complex formed by HSC20, HSPA9 and ISCU through direct binding to HSC20. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I LYR family. SDHAF1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved spliceosome assembly and in nuclear splicing. Catalyzes an ATP-dependent conformational change of U2 snRNP. Bridges U1 and U2 snRNPs and enables stable U2 snRNP association with intron RNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX46/PRP5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase; part of the first module of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that includes the early steps of the pathway, conserved across all eukaryotes, and which results in the formation of mevalonate from acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) (By similarity). ERG13 condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) (By similarity). The first module starts with the action of the cytosolic acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase ERG10 that catalyzes the formation of acetoacetyl-CoA. The hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase ERG13 then condenses acetyl-CoA with acetoacetyl-CoA to form HMG-CoA. The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl- coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase HMG1 finally reduces HMG-CoA to produce mevalonate (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. HMG-CoA synthase family.


FUNCTION: PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding. Proposed to act as a co-chaperone in HSP90 complexes such as in unligated steroid receptors heterocomplexes. Different co-chaperones seem to compete for association with HSP90 thus establishing distinct HSP90-co-chaperone-receptor complexes with the potential to exert tissue-specific receptor activity control. May have a preference for estrogen receptor complexes and is not found in glucocorticoid receptor complexes. May be involved in cytoplasmic dynein-dependent movement of the receptor from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. May regulate MYB by inhibiting its DNA-binding activity. Involved in regulation of AHR signaling by promoting the formation of the AHR:ARNT dimer; the function is independent of HSP90 but requires the chaperone activity. Involved in regulation of UV radiation-induced apoptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. PPIase D subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCDC169 family.


FUNCTION: Ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 13 (Hntx-13) subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MEMO1 family.


FUNCTION: Major component of the toxin co-regulated pilus (tcp) which is a type IV pilus essential for bacterial aggregation and subsequent colonization in the host small intestine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium. Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Implicated in oncotic cell death, characterized by cell swelling, organelle swelling, vacuolization and increased membrane permeability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD164 family.


FUNCTION: Essential protein during embryogenesis (PubMed:15266054). Catalyzes a reaction of the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, the major route to ascorbate biosynthesis in plants. Plays an essential role in plant growth and development and cell-wall architecture. Provides GDP- mannose, used for cell wall carbohydrate biosynthesis, protein N- glycosylation, as well as for the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.


FUNCTION: Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. FUNCTION: Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Note=Loosely associated with the inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WRKY group III family.


FUNCTION: With CysN forms the ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) that catalyzes the adenylation of sulfate producing adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and diphosphate, the first enzymatic step in sulfur assimilation pathway. APS synthesis involves the formation of a high-energy phosphoric- sulfuric acid anhydride bond driven by GTP hydrolysis by CysN coupled to ATP hydrolysis by CysD. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PAPS reductase family. CysD subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PAPS reductase family. CysD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity of HSP70 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and hence acts as a co- chaperone of HSP70 (PubMed:18373498). Plays an indispensable role in the organization of KRT8/KRT18 filaments. Acts as an endogenous molecular chaperone for neuronal proteins including huntingtin. Suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine-containing, aggregation-prone proteins. Also reduces cellular toxicity and caspase- 3 activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Nucleus Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line.


FUNCTION: Methylates precorrin-2 at the C-20 position to produce precorrin-3A. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the precorrin methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of subtilisin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I13 (potato type I serine protease inhibitor) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ectatomin family. Ectatomin-Eq subfamily.


FUNCTION: Controls the interaction of photosystem II (PSII) cores with the light-harvesting antenna. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Associated with the photosystem II complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbZ family.


FUNCTION: Component of the naphthalene dioxygenase (NDO) multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the incorporation of both atoms of molecular oxygen into naphthalene to form cis-(1R,2S)-dihydroxy-1,2- dihydronaphthalene. The beta subunit seems to have a structural role in the holoenzyme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase beta subunit family.


FUNCTION: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.


FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Promotes transcriptional activation of early and late herpes simplex virus 1/HHV-1 promoters. FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinase pair (CDK9/cyclin T) complex, also called positive transcription elongation factor B (P-TEFB), which is proposed to facilitate the transition from abortive to production elongation by phosphorylating the CTD (carboxy- terminal domain) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) (PubMed:9499409, PubMed:15563843). The activity of this complex is regulated by binding with 7SK snRNA (PubMed:11713533). Plays a role during muscle differentiation; P-TEFB complex interacts with MYOD1; this tripartite complex promotes the transcriptional activity of MYOD1 through its CDK9-mediated phosphorylation and binds the chromatin of promoters and enhancers of muscle-specific genes; this event correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the CTD domain of RNA pol II (By similarity). In addition, enhances MYOD1-dependent transcription through interaction with PKN1 (PubMed:16331689). Involved in early embryo development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Nucleus Note=Nucleus in differentiating cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin C subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably plays a role in facilitating the assembly of multimeric protein complexes inside the ER. Is required for secretory polypeptide translocation. May physically associate with SEC63 protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and this interaction may be regulated by ATP hydrolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of mitochondrial distribution and morphology. Required for mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial network formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the misato family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. Microtubule release from the mitotic spindle poles may allow depolymerization of the microtubule end proximal to the spindle pole, leading to poleward microtubule flux and poleward motion of chromosome. Microtubule release within the cell body of neurons may be required for their transport into neuronal processes by microtubule-dependent motor proteins. This transport is required for axonal growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Midbody Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. Localized diffusely in the cytoplasm during the interphase. During metaphase is localized throughout the cell and more widely dispersed than the microtubules. In anaphase and telophase is localized at the midbody region. Also localized to the interphase centrosome and the mitotic spindle poles. Enhanced recruitment to the mitotic spindle poles requires microtubules and interaction with KATNB1 (By similarity). Localizes within the cytoplasm, partially overlapping with microtubules, in interphase and to the mitotic spindle and spindle poles during mitosis (By similarity). Interacts with CAMSAP2 and CAMSAP3; leading to regulate the length of CAMSAP-decorated microtubule stretches (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. Katanin p60 subunit A1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the type VII secretion system (Ess). Plays a role in Esx protein secretion. Plays an essential role in the processing and secretion of EssD. FUNCTION: Component of the type VII secretion system (Ess). Plays a role in Esx protein secretion. Plays an essential role in the processing and secretion of EssD. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Glycosyltransferase that can synthesize all known mucin beta 6 N-acetylglucosaminides. Mediates core 2 and core 4 O-glycan branching, 2 important steps in mucin-type biosynthesis. Has also I- branching enzyme activity by converting linear into branched poly-N- acetyllactosaminoglycans, leading to introduce the blood group I antigen during embryonic development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 14 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the assembly of a N-linked pentasaccharide that decorates the S-layer glycoprotein and flagellins. Involved in the biosynthesis of the hexuronic acid found at position 3 of the pentasaccharide. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDPGP type 2 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for brain injury-derived neurotrophic peptide (BINP), a synthetic 13-mer peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM158 family.


FUNCTION: Inactivates histamine by N-methylation. Plays an important role in degrading histamine and in regulating the airway response to histamine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. HNMT family.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein that binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences of target mRNAs, including VEGF mRNA (PubMed:10734193, PubMed:9016658). May also bind poly-A tracts via RRM 3 (PubMed:9016658). May be involved in neuronal differentiation and maintenance (PubMed:9016658). Plays a role in the stabilization of GAP43 mRNA and in spatial learning (PubMed:11573004). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM elav family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alphaherpesvirinae HHV-1 UL43 family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo12/eukaryotic RPC10 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Possesses antifungal activity sensitive to inorganic cations. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEFL family.


FUNCTION: Involved in lignin biosynthesis. Catalyzes the final step specific for the production of lignin monomers. Catalyzes the NADPH- dependent reduction of coniferaldehyde, 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffeyl aldehyde to their respective alcohols. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator involved in defense responses against pathogens (PubMed:19700558). Acts as positive regulator of defense responses against the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (PubMed:19700558). Acts as positive regulator of defense responses against the bacterial blight Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) and the bacterial streak Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzicola (Xoc) (PubMed:19700558). Acts as positive regulator of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling that suppresses growth of seedlings (PubMed:21725029). Acts as negative regulator of salt stress response (PubMed:21725029). Acts as negative regulator of cold stress response (PubMed:21725029). Acts as negative regulator of drought stress response (PubMed:21725029). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WRKY group III family.


FUNCTION: Key component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur protein assembly (CIA) complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the incorporation of iron-sulfur cluster into extramitochondrial Fe/S proteins (PubMed:17937914, PubMed:23891004). As a CIA complex component, interacts specifically with CIAO2A or CIAO2B and MMS19 to assist different branches of iron-sulfur protein assembly, depending of its interactors. The complex CIAO1:CIAO2B:MMS19 binds to and facilitates the assembly of most cytosolic-nuclear Fe/S proteins. CIAO1:CIAO2A specifically matures ACO1 and stabilizes IREB2 (PubMed:23891004). Seems to specifically modulate the transactivation activity of WT1 (PubMed:9556563). As part of the mitotic spindle-associated MMXD complex it may play a role in chromosome segregation (PubMed:20797633). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat CIA1 family.


FUNCTION: Ras effector protein. May function as an upstream activator and/or downstream effector for RAB5B in endocytic pathway. May function as a guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) of RAB5B, required for activating the RAB5 proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RIN (Ras interaction/interference) family.


FUNCTION: May play an important role for the maintenance of myelin-axon integrity (PubMed:31199454). May affect intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis. FUNCTION: Microtubule inner protein (MIP) part of the dynein-decorated doublet microtubules (DMTs) in cilia axoneme, which is required for motile cilia beating (By similarity). May play an important role for the maintenance of myelin-axon integrity (PubMed:31199454). May affect intracellular Ca(2+) homeostasis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium axoneme Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton.


FUNCTION: Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase that is involved in the regulation of cell growth and survival, apoptosis, cell-cell adhesion, cytoskeleton remodeling, and differentiation. Stimulation by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including EGFR, PDGFR, CSF1R and FGFR leads to recruitment of YES1 to the phosphorylated receptor, and activation and phosphorylation of downstream substrates. Upon EGFR activation, promotes the phosphorylation of PARD3 to favor epithelial tight junction assembly. Participates in the phosphorylation of specific junctional components such as CTNND1 by stimulating the FYN and FER tyrosine kinases at cell-cell contacts. Upon T-cell stimulation by CXCL12, phosphorylates collapsin response mediator protein 2/DPYSL2 and induces T-cell migration. Participates in CD95L/FASLG signaling pathway and mediates AKT-mediated cell migration. Plays a role in cell cycle progression by phosphorylating the cyclin dependent kinase 4/CDK4 thus regulating the G1 phase. Also involved in G2/M progression and cytokinesis (By similarity). Catalyzes phosphorylation of organic cation transporter OCT2 which induces its transport activity (PubMed:26979622). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=Newly synthesized protein initially accumulates in the Golgi region and traffics to the plasma membrane through the exocytic pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. SRC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a sulfur carrier required for 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of cytosolic tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). Serves as sulfur donor in tRNA 2-thiolation reaction by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. The sulfur is then transferred to tRNA to form 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U. Also acts as a ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) that is covalently conjugated via an isopeptide bond to lysine residues of target proteins such as Jafrac1, Ciao1, Eip71CD and GILT1. The thiocarboxylated form serves as substrate for conjugation and oxidative stress specifically induces the formation of UBL-protein conjugates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the URM1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TP013X lipoprotein family.


FUNCTION: Could be a 3Fe-4S cluster-containing protein. SIMILARITY: To ferredoxins from P.putida and C.tartarivorum, ferredoxin I from A.vinelandii, ferredoxin II from D.desulfuricans.


FUNCTION: Plasma membrane transporter mediating the uptake by cells of the water soluble vitamin B2/riboflavin that plays a key role in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions of the carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism (PubMed:20463145, PubMed:22273710, PubMed:24264046, PubMed:27702554). Humans are unable to synthesize vitamin B2/riboflavin and must obtain it via intestinal absorption (PubMed:20463145). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Nucleus membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the riboflavin transporter family.


FUNCTION: Involved in DNA repair and RecF pathway recombination. FUNCTION: Involved in DNA repair and RecF pathway recombination. FUNCTION: Involved in DNA repair and RecF pathway recombination. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecO family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecO family.


FUNCTION: 3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails (PubMed:27515512). Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development (PubMed:27515512). May act as a regulator of multipotency in embryonic stem cells (PubMed:27515512). Is a critical factor for proper spermatogenesis, involved in pre-piRNAs processing to generate mature piRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Localizes mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CAF1 family.


FUNCTION: The enzyme has a very narrow substrate specificity and can only catalyze the transamination of alpha-ketoglutarate with ornithine or N-acetylornithine and, to a lesser extent, of glutamate-5- semialdehyde with glutamate and alanine. FUNCTION: The enzyme has a very narrow substrate specificity and can only catalyze the transamination of alpha-ketoglutarate with ornithine or N-acetylornithine and, to a lesser extent, of glutamate-5- semialdehyde with glutamate and alanine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: This carrier protein is part of the Na(+)-dependent, binding- protein-independent glutamate-aspartate transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family.


FUNCTION: Methyltransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the mycotoxin fusarin C (PubMed:17121404, PubMed:22652150). Within the cluster, FUS1, FUS2, FUS8 and FUS9 are sufficient for fusarin production (By similarity). The roles of the other FUS members are yet undetermined (By similarity). The fusarin C synthetase FUS1 is responsible for the condensation of one acetyl- coenzyme A (CoA) unit with six malonyl-CoA units and the amide linkage of the arising heptaketide and homoserine, subsequently releasing the first intermediate, prefusarin, as an alcohol with an open ring structure (PubMed:17121404). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase FUS8 participates in multiple oxidation processes at carbon C-20 and is able to use the FUS1 product as substrate, resulting in formation of 20- hydroxy-prefusarin (By similarity). This reaction seems to be essential before the 2-pyrrolidone ring closure can be catalyzed by FUS2, generating 20-hydroxy-fusarin (By similarity). FUS8 is able to further oxidizes carbon C-20 after ring closure, resulting in the formation of carboxy-fusarin C (By similarity). As the last step, FUS9 methylates the hydroxyl group at C-21 to generate fusarin C (By similarity). Fusarin C can then rearrange to epi-fusarin C, the (z)-isomers, and fusarin A and fusarin D (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Type-7 methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Neurophysin 2 specifically binds vasopressin. FUNCTION: Vasopressin has a direct antidiuretic action on the kidney, it also causes vasoconstriction of the peripheral vessels. Acts by binding to vasopressin receptors (V1bR/AVPR1B, V1aR/AVPR1A, and V2R/AVPR2) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the vasopressin/oxytocin family.


FUNCTION: Mediates zinc uptake. May also transport other divalent cations. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family. ZupT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Shows antibacterial activity against representative Gram- negative and Gram-positive bacterial species, and hemolytic activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor which binds neuron-restrictive silencer element (NRSE) and represses neuronal gene transcription in non-neuronal cells (By similarity). Plays a role in the early development of the nervous system and is required for proper patterning of the neuroectoderm during gastrulation. This involves the correct speciation of the neuroepithelial domain and adequate development of the non-neural ectoderm (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Olfactory receptor that is activated by the binding of organosulfur odorants with thioether groups such as (methylthio)methanethiol (MTMT) and bis(methylthiomethyl) disulfide (By similarity). Also binds odorants cis-cyclooctene and tert-butyl mercaptan (By similarity). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Necessary for efficient adipogenesis. Does not show ion channel activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM120 family.


FUNCTION: G-protein coupled receptor for PEN, a neuropeptide produced from the precursor protein, proSAAS (encoded by PCSK1N). Acts through a G(i)- and G(q)-alpha-alpha-mediated pathway in response to PEN (PubMed:27117253). Plays a role in food intake and body weight regulation. May contribute to the regulation of anxiety-related behaviors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Colocalizes with GPR171 in the paraventricular nucleus. Colocalizes with the ghrelin receptor GHSR1A in the hypothalamus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits chaperone activity toward chloroplast outer envelope membrane, mitochondrion outer membrane, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and peroxisomal proteins, by recruiting specific proteins containing a single transmembrane associated with an AKR2A-binding sequence (ABS) and subsequently binding glycolipids (e.g. monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG)) present in the membrane of the target organelle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Plastid, chloroplast outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of voltage-gated potassium channels of the Kv4/KCND family (By similarity). Blocks calcium channels (Cav). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 19 (HpTX2) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes. NF-Y can function as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.


FUNCTION: Metalloprotease involved in CcdA degradation. Suppresses the inhibitory activity of the carbon storage regulator (CsrA) (By similarity). FUNCTION: Metalloprotease involved in CcdA degradation. Suppresses the inhibitory activity of the carbon storage regulator (CsrA). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase U62 family.


FUNCTION: The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This unit is responsible of the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome and is one of the principal target of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. FUNCTION: This subunit is necessary for chymotryptic activity and degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase T1B family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in the release of virions from infected cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orbivirus NS3 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the desulfonation and deamination of L-cysteate, yielding pyruvate, sulphite and ammonium. Involved in sulfolactate degradation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ACC deaminase/D-cysteine desulfhydrase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the spliceosome which catalyzes two sequential transesterification reactions, first the excision of the non-coding intron from pre-mRNA and then the ligation of the coding exons to form the mature mRNA. Plays a role in stabilizing the structure of the spliceosome catalytic core and docking of the branch helix into the active site, producing 5'-exon and lariat intron-3'-intermediates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CWC16 family. YJU2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Sperm surface zona pellucida binding protein. Helps to bind spermatozoa to the zona pellucida with high affinity. Might function in binding zona pellucida and carbohydrates (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Disease resistance protein. Resistance proteins guard the plant against pathogens that contain an appropriate avirulence protein via a direct or indirect interaction with this avirulence protein. That triggers a defense system including the hypersensitive response, which restricts the pathogen growth (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S66 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIM23 family.


FUNCTION: Neurotoxin. Causes spastic paralysis and death in mice. Moderate inhibitor of L-type calcium channels (Cav1/CACNA1). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 53 (PNTx27C4) subfamily.


FUNCTION: PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.


FUNCTION: Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes non-canonical purine nucleotides such as inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) or xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAM1 NTPase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aerolysin family.


FUNCTION: May play an important role in the sperm/egg interaction; released during the acrosome reaction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome. Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.


FUNCTION: DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of deaminated bases. Selectively cleaves double-stranded DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to a deoxyinosine leaving behind the intact lesion on the nicked DNA. In vitro, can also cleave single-stranded substrates with inosine, double-stranded DNA with apurinic sites, or DNA sites with uracil or a mismatched base. When present in molar excess, two protein molecules can bind to the same DNA substrate and effect cleavage of both strands (in vitro). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the endonuclease V family.


FUNCTION: Cell wall formation. Synthesis of cross-linked peptidoglycan from the lipid intermediates. The enzyme has a penicillin-insensitive transglycosylase N-terminal domain (formation of linear glycan strands) and a penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase C-terminal domain (cross- linking of the peptide subunits). Essential for cell wall synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the transpeptidase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyltransferase 51 family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Efficiently hydrolyzes cAMP. FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes the second messenger 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP), which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deacylation of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL or acyl-HSL), releasing homoserine lactone (HSL) and the corresponding fatty acid. Possesses a specificity for the degradation of long-chain acyl-HSLs (side chains of seven or more carbons in length) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S45 family.


FUNCTION: Interferon (IFN)-inducible GTPase that plays important roles in innate immunity against a diverse range of bacterial, viral and protozoan pathogens (PubMed:24739961, PubMed:24715728). Hydrolyzes GTP very efficiently; GDP rather than GMP is the major reaction product (PubMed:9659399). Following infection, recruited to the pathogen- containing vacuoles or vacuole-escaped bacteria and acts as a positive regulator of inflammasome assembly by promoting the release of inflammasome ligands from bacteria (PubMed:24739961, PubMed:24715728). Acts by promoting lysis of pathogen-containing vacuoles, releasing pathogens into the cytosol (PubMed:24739961, PubMed:24715728). Following pathogen release in the cytosol, promotes recruitment of proteins that mediate bacterial cytolysis, such as Gm12250/Irgb10: this liberates ligands that are detected by inflammasomes, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that activates the non-canonical CASP4/CASP11 inflammasome or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) that activates the AIM2 inflammasome (PubMed:24739961, PubMed:24715728). May play a role in erythroid differentiation (PubMed:9659399). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Golgi apparatus membrane Note=Heterodimers with GBP1, GBP2 and GBP5 localize in the compartment of the prenylated GBPs: with GBP1 in a vesicle-like compartment, with GBP2, around the nucleus and with GBP5, at the Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. GB1/RHD3 GTPase family. GB1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Exhibits ATPase activity. Binds DNA/RNA in a non-specific manner and exhibits endonuclease activity. Probably involved in DNA repair. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) as a component of the RdDM machinery and required for gene silencing. May also be involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture to maintain gene silencing. Together with MORC7, acts to suppress a wide set of non- methylated protein-coding genes, especially involved in pathogen response. Positive regulator of defense against the oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) (PubMed:27171361). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Accumulates in discrete nuclear bodies adjacent to chromocenters. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MORC ATPase protein family.


FUNCTION: The specificity (S) subunit of a type I restriction enzyme; this subunit dictates DNA sequence specificity. The M and S subunits together form a methyltransferase (MTase) that methylates A-3 on the top and bottom strand of the sequence 5'-GAAN(7)RTCG-3'. In the presence of the R subunit the complex can also act as an endonuclease, binding to the same target sequence but cutting the DNA some distance from this site. Whether the DNA is cut or modified depends on the methylation state of the target sequence. When the target site is unmodified, the DNA is cut. When the target site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a maintenance MTase modifying the DNA so that both strands become methylated (PubMed:32483229, PubMed:12654995). After locating a non-methylated recognition site, the enzyme complex serves as a molecular motor that translocates DNA in an ATP-dependent manner until a collision occurs that triggers cleavage (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-I restriction system S methylase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of C30 carotenoids. Catalyzes the oxidation of the terminal methyl side groups of 4,4'-diapolycopene to yield 4,4'-diapolycopen-4,4'-dial via the aldehyde intermediate 4,4'-diapolycopen-al. Also able to catalyze the oxidation of the terminal methyl side group of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene to form 4,4'- diaponeurosporen-4-al. It has moderate to low activity on the C40 substrates neurosporene and lycopene, and has no detectable activity on zeta-carotene or beta-carotene. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA- splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body. Probably carries the active site for 5'-splice site cleavage. The tRNA splicing endonuclease is also involved in mRNA processing via its association with pre-mRNA 3'-end processing factors, establishing a link between pre-tRNA splicing and pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, suggesting that the endonuclease subunits function in multiple RNA-processing events (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, nucleolus Note=May be transiently localized in the nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA-intron endonuclease family.


FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation, response to stress and Golgi disassembly. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates ATF2, BCL2L1, CDC25A, CDC25C, CHEK2, HIF1A, JUN, p53/TP53, p73/TP73, PTEN, TOP2A and VRK1. Involved in cell cycle regulation: required for entry into S phase and cytokinesis. Phosphorylates BCL2L1, leading to regulate the G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Plays a key role in response to stress: rapidly activated upon stress stimulation, such as ionizing radiation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), hyperosmotic stress, UV irradiation and hypoxia. Involved in DNA damage response and G1/S transition checkpoint by phosphorylating CDC25A, p53/TP53 and p73/TP73. Phosphorylates p53/TP53 in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby promoting p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis. Phosphorylates CHEK2 in response to DNA damage, promoting the G2/M transition checkpoint. Phosphorylates the transcription factor p73/TP73 in response to DNA damage, leading to inhibit p73/TP73-mediated transcriptional activation and pro-apoptotic functions. Phosphorylates HIF1A and JUN is response to hypoxia. Phosphorylates ATF2 following hyperosmotic stress in corneal epithelium. Also involved in Golgi disassembly during the cell cycle: part of a MEK1/MAP2K1-dependent pathway that induces Golgi fragmentation during mitosis by mediating phosphorylation of VRK1. May participate in endomitotic cell cycle, a form of mitosis in which both karyokinesis and cytokinesis are interrupted and is a hallmark of megakaryocyte differentiation, via its interaction with CIB1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, dendrite Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus, nucleolus Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Translocates to the nucleus upon cisplatin treatment. Localizes to the Golgi apparatus during interphase (By similarity). When induced, it translocates into the dendrites of activated neurons. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Together with GET1, acts as a membrane receptor for soluble GET3, which recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. The GET complex cooperates with the HDEL receptor ERD2 to mediate the ATP- dependent retrieval of resident ER proteins that contain a C-terminal H-D-E-L retention signal from the Golgi to the ER. Involved in DNA replication and DNA damage response and also in cell wall function. FUNCTION: Required for the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored (TA) proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Together with GET1, acts as a membrane receptor for soluble GET3, which recognizes and selectively binds the transmembrane domain of TA proteins in the cytosol. The GET complex cooperates with the HDEL receptor ERD2 to mediate the ATP- dependent retrieval of resident ER proteins that contain a C-terminal H-D-E-L retention signal from the Golgi to the ER. Involved in DNA replication and DNA damage response and also in cell wall function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GET2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of pyridoxine or pyridoxamine (free, phosphate-unbound, forms of vitamin B6). Oxidizes pyridoxal to 4-pyridoxolactone, but does not have activity toward pyridoxal 5'- phosphate, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, 4- phthalaldehyde, 2-nitrobenzaldehyde, pyridine, formaldehyde, 2- carboxybenzaldehyde or sugars. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (By similarity). Plays a role in the reversible S-nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates AP-1 transcriptional activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Secreted Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the retrieval of endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteins from the early Golgi compartment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RER1 family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein which modulates coupling of cell surface receptor kinases with specific signaling pathways. Binds to, and suppresses signals from, the activated insulin receptor (INSR). Potent inhibitor of insulin-stimulated MAPK3 phosphorylation. Plays a critical role regulating PDPK1 membrane translocation in response to insulin stimulation and serves as an adapter protein to recruit PDPK1 to activated insulin receptor, thus promoting PKB/AKT1 phosphorylation and transduction of the insulin signal (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Upon insulin stimulation, translocates to the plasma membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRB7/10/14 family.


FUNCTION: Chorion membrane (egg shell) protein; plays a role in protecting the egg from the environment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chorion protein S15/S18 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family.


FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Processes pre-crRNA into individual crRNA units (By similarity). FUNCTION: Complements a csy4 disruption in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14, restoring inhibition of biofilm formation and generation of crRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated endoribonuclease Cas6 family. Cas6f/Csy4, subtype I-F/Ypest subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the first intracellular reaction of sulfate assimilation, forming adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) from inorganic sulfate and ATP. Plays an important role in sulfate activation as a component of the biosynthesis pathway of sulfur-containing amino acids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfate adenylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: The most abundant DEAD-box RNA helicase. An ATP-dependent RNA helicase with RNA-dependent ATPase activity. May work in conjunction with the cold shock proteins to ensure proper initiation of transcription at low and optimal temperatures. In vitro, unwinds dsRNA in both 5'- and 3'- directions. Plays a role in ribosomal 50S subunit assembly. Its deletion leads to changes in mRNA levels for over 200 transcripts. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. Cell membrane. Note=Shows transcription-dependent localization at subcellular sites surrounding the nucleoid (PubMed:16352840). Associated with free 50S ribosomal subunit, 70S ribosome and polysomes (PubMed:16861794). Cell membrane association shown in (PubMed:20572937). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. CshA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Global transcriptional regulator that plays a key role in stress response and exerts either positive or negative regulation of genes. Acts by interacting with the C-terminal domain of the alpha subunit of the RNA polymerase (RNAP). This interaction can enhance binding of RNAP to the promoter region of target genes and stimulate their transcription, or block interaction of RNAP with activator. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ArsC family. Spx subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent formation of L-aspartate- semialdehyde (L-ASA) by the reductive dephosphorylation of L-aspartyl- 4-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: May bind free porphyrinogens that may be present in the cell and thus facilitate removal of these potentially toxic compound. Binds with a high affinity to one molecule of heme or porphyrins. It binds metalloporphyrins, free porphyrins and N-methylprotoporphyrin with similar affinities (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HEBP family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the import of RPA complex into the nucleus, via its interaction with importin beta. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Lectin involved in the quality control of the secretory pathway. As a member of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation lumenal (ERAD-L) surveillance system, targets misfolded endoplasmic reticulum lumenal glycoproteins for degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OS-9 family.


FUNCTION: Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). May have a role during the programmed cell death of hematopoietic cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Histone-binding component that specifically recognizes H3 tails trimethylated on 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3), which mark transcription start sites of virtually all active genes (By similarity). Transcriptional regulator that binds specifically to DNA sequences 5'- GNGGTG-3' or 5'-GTGGNG-3', including promoter elements of the salt- inducible PRP2 gene. Plays a role in salinity tolerance. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Alfin family.


FUNCTION: Omega-conotoxins act at presynaptic membranes, they bind and block voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin M superfamily.


FUNCTION: Steroid membrane receptor. Binds progesterone. May be involved in oocyte maturation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ADIPOR family.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). This is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form part of the active site crevice where NADH is oxidized (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane Note=Matrix and cytoplasmic side of the mitochondrial inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of aklavinone which is an important precursor common to the formation of the clinically significant anthracyclines such as carminomycin, daunorubicin (daunomycin), rhodomycin, aclacinomycin T (aklavin) and aclacinomycin A (aclarubicin). These compounds are aromatic polyketide antibiotics that exhibit high cytotoxicity and are widely applied in the chemotherapy of a variety of cancers. Catalyzes the methyl esterification of aklanonic acid to yield aklanonic acid methyl ester. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. DnrC family.


FUNCTION: Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.


FUNCTION: May protect the nitrogenase Fe-Mo protein from oxidative damage. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NifW family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor. Binds with MAX to form a sequence- specific DNA-binding protein complex which recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Antagonizes MYC transcriptional activity by competing for MAX and suppresses MYC dependent cell transformation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell- cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored- polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system LytR/LytS that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Probably involved, in conjunction with MchE, in the secretion of microcin H47. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: Functions as a regulator of the biosynthesis of TSH in the anterior pituitary gland and as a neurotransmitter/ neuromodulator in the central and peripheral nervous systems. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRH family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial GTPase that catalyzes the GTP-dependent ribosomal translocation step during translation elongation. During this step, the ribosome changes from the pre-translocational (PRE) to the post-translocational (POST) state as the newly formed A-site-bound peptidyl-tRNA and P-site-bound deacylated tRNA move to the P and E sites, respectively. Catalyzes the coordinated movement of the two tRNA molecules, the mRNA and conformational changes in the ribosome. Essential during development as it acts as a retrograde signal from mitochondria to the nucleus to slow down cell proliferation if mitochondrial energy output is low (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-G/EF-2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Adipocyte-secreted protein (adipokine) that regulates adipogenesis, metabolism and inflammation through activation of the chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1). Acts also as a ligand for CMKLR2. Can also bind to C-C chemokine receptor-like 2 (CCRL2), but with a lower affinity than it does to CMKLR1 or CMKLR2. Positively regulates adipocyte differentiation, modulates the expression of adipocyte genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and might play a role in angiogenesis, a process essential for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Also acts as a pro-inflammatory adipokine, causing an increase in secretion of pro-inflammatory and prodiabetic adipokines, which further impair adipose tissue metabolic function and have negative systemic effects including impaired insulin sensitivity, altered glucose and lipid metabolism, and a decrease in vascular function in other tissues. Can have both pro- and anti-inflammatory properties depending on the modality of enzymatic cleavage by different classes of proteases. Acts as a chemotactic factor for leukocyte populations expressing CMKLR1, particularly immature plasmacytoid dendritic cells, but also immature myeloid DCs, macrophages and natural killer cells. Exerts an anti-inflammatory role by preventing TNF/TNFA-induced VCAM1 expression and monocytes adhesion in vascular endothelial cells. The effect is mediated via inhibiting activation of NF-kappa-B and CRK/p38 through stimulation of AKT1/NOS3 signaling and nitric oxide production. Its dual role in inflammation and metabolism might provide a link Exhibits an antimicrobial function in the skin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Serine protease. Degrades fibrinogen. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of neuronal axonal outgrowth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell projection, axon. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM168 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the SWR1 complex which mediates the ATP- dependent exchange of histone H2A for the H2A variant HZT1 leading to transcriptional regulation of selected genes by chromatin remodeling. Component of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex which is involved in transcriptional activation of selected genes principally by acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 and H2A. The NuA4 complex is also involved in DNA repair (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SWC4 family.


FUNCTION: Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.


FUNCTION: Probably mediates the removal of pyrophosphate from dihydroneopterin triphosphate (DHNTP), a possible step in the pterin branch of the folate synthesis pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Probable oxidoreductase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of virensols and trichoxide, fungal natural products that contain or are derived from a salicylaldehyde core (PubMed:31790246). The pathway begins with the synthesis of the reduced chain in virensol C by the highly reducing polyketide synthase virA via condensation of one acetate and 8 malonate units (PubMed:31790246). VirA has interesting programming rules since the first 2 ketides are fully reduced, the 3 following ketides undergo beta-dehydration, and the last 3 ketides are only reduced to beta-hydroxys to yield the trihydroxy portion (PubMed:31790246). The production of aldehyde virensol C by virA alone is surprising, since virA does not contain a reductase (R) domain that is typically associated with reductive product release in HRPKS (PubMed:31790246). The cupin-domain enzyme virC is involved in enhancing virA product turnover (PubMed:31790246). The short-chain dehydrogenase virB then oxidizes the C-7 alcohol of virensol C to a ketone, yielding virensol D (PubMed:31790246). Virensol D is further transformed to salicylaldehyde 5-deoxyaurocitrin by the short-chain dehydrogenase virD (PubMed:31790246). VirD catalyzes the dehydrogenation of C-3 to form the beta-ketone aldehyde, which is followed by the generation of the nucleophilic C-2 that is required for the intramolecular aldol condensation between C-2 and C-7, itself followed by dehydration and aromatization which leads to salicylaldehyde 5-deoxyaurocitrin (PubMed:31790246). While the dehydrogenation of virensol D is definitely catalyzed by virD, the aldol condensation and dehydration may be uncatalyzed or assisted by virD (PubMed:31790246). The short chain dehydrogenase virG then converts salicylaldehyde 5-deoxyaurocitrin into virensol B which is further hydroxylated by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase virE to yield the hydroquinone virensol A (PubMed:31790246). VirI then may oxidize virensol A to form the quinone, while virH performs the epoxidation (PubMed:31790246). Finally, the two remaining short-chain dehydrogenases, virK and virL, are probably responsible for reducing the ketones to the corresponding alcohols to furnish the epoxycyclohexanol structure in trichoxide (PubMed:31790246). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oxidoreductase OpS7 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor that accelerates the import of all mitochondrial precursor proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tom70 family.


FUNCTION: In unstressed cells, promotes SIAH1-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation of the serine/threonine-protein kinase HIPK2, probably by acting as a loading factor that potentiates complex formation between HIPK2 and ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 (By similarity). In response to DNA damage, localizes to the nucleus following phosphorylation by HIPK2 and modulates the expression of a subset of TP53/p53 target genes by binding to TP53 at target gene promoters (By similarity). This limits the expression of a number of cell death-mediating TP53 target genes, reducing DNA damage-induced cell death (By similarity). Enhances the binding of transcription factor TCF7L2/TCF4, a Wnt signaling pathway effector, to the promoters of target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in stress granule formation (By similarity). FUNCTION: In unstressed cells, promotes SIAH1-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation of the serine/threonine-protein kinase HIPK2, probably by acting as a loading factor that potentiates complex formation between HIPK2 and ubiquitin ligase SIAH1 (PubMed:33591310). In response to DNA damage, localizes to the nucleus following phosphorylation by HIPK2 and modulates the expression of a subset of TP53/p53 target genes by binding to TP53 at target gene promoters (PubMed:33591310). This limits the expression of a number of cell death-mediating TP53 target genes, reducing DNA damage-induced cell death (PubMed:33591310). Enhances the binding of transcription factor TCF7L2/TCF4, a Wnt signaling pathway effector, to the promoters of target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in stress granule formation (PubMed:17984221). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus speckle Nucleus, nuclear body Cytoplasm, Stress granule Note=Predominantly nuclear in macrophages, stimulation of IL17RB with its ligand IL17E induces accumulation in the cytoplasm (PubMed:22070932). Predominantly cytoplasmic when unphosphorylated and localizes to the nucleus following phosphorylation by HIPK2 (PubMed:33591310). Localizes to stress granules under cellular stress conditions (PubMed:17984221). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus speckle Nucleus, nuclear body Cytoplasm, Stress granule Note=Predominantly nuclear in macrophages, stimulation of IL17RB with its ligand IL17E induces accumulation in the cytoplasm (By similarity). Predominantly cytoplasmic when unphosphorylated and localizes to the nucleus following phosphorylation by HIPK2 (By similarity). Localizes to stress granules under cellular stress conditions (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Toxin that blocks vertebrate P/Q-type (Cav2.1/CACNA1A) and R- type (Cav2.3/CACNA1E) voltage-gated calcium channels. Also inhibits sodium channels (Nav) in bovine chromaffin cells by delaying sodium channel inactivation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 56 (SNX-482) subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM82 family.


FUNCTION: Binds GTP but lacks intrinsic GTPase activity and is resistant to Rho-specific GTPase-activating proteins. Inhibits the activation of NF-kappa-B by TNF and IKKB and the activation of CRK/p38 by TNF. Inhibits activities of RAC1, RHOA and CDC42. Negatively regulates leukotriene production in neutrophils. Negative regulator of hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation, survival and migration. Critical regulator of thymocyte development and T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling by mediating recruitment and activation of ZAP70. Required for phosphorylation of CD3Z, membrane translocation of ZAP70 and subsequent activation of the ZAP70-mediated pathways. Essential for efficient beta-selection and positive selection by promoting the ZAP70- dependent phosphorylation of the LAT signalosome during pre-TCR and TCR signaling. Crucial for thymocyte maturation during DN3 to DN4 transition and during positive selection. Plays critical roles in mast cell function by facilitating phosphorylation of SYK in Fc epsilon RI- mediated signal transduction. Essential for the phosphorylation of LAT, LCP2, PLCG1 and PLCG2 and for Ca(2+) mobilization in mast cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Note=Colocalizes together with ZAP70 in the immunological synapse. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EUO family.


FUNCTION: Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane. Catalyzes Na(+) transport, most probably coupled to electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to methanophenazine and heterodisulfide reductase. Involved in heterodisulfide reduction during methanogenesis from acetate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NqrB/RnfD family.


FUNCTION: Component of the molecular motor that translocates genomic DNA in empty capsid during DNA packaging. Heterooligomerize with small terminase protein to be docked on capsid portal protein. Forms a ring- like structure through which genomic DNA is translocated into the capsid. May have or induce an endonuclease activity to cleave the genome concatemer after encapsidation. FUNCTION: Component of the molecular motor that translocates genomic DNA in empty capsid during DNA packaging. Heterooligomerize with small terminase protein to be docked on capsid portal protein. Forms a ring- like structure through which genomic DNA is translocated into the capsid. May have or induce an endonuclease activity to cleave the genome concatemer after encapsidation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the punalikevirus large terminase family.


FUNCTION: Dephosphorylates and concomitantly deactivates CaM-kinase II activated upon autophosphorylation, and CaM-kinases IV and I activated upon phosphorylation by CaM-kinase kinase. Promotes apoptosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PP2C family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bHLH protein family.


FUNCTION: Magnesium transporter that may mediate the influx of magnesium in chloroplast. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid. Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35.5) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of protoporphyrinogen IX to protoporphyrin IX. Is involved in the biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole molecules like heme and chlorophyll. Does not use oxygen or artificial electron acceptors such as menadione or benzoquinone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HemJ family.


FUNCTION: Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell- cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, and DNA-damage responses. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored- polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family.


FUNCTION: Transports acetate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HSF family. Class C subfamily.


FUNCTION: SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. STX17 is a SNARE of the autophagosome involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysosome membrane. May also play a role in the early secretory pathway where it may maintain the architecture of the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment/ERGIC and Golgi and/or regulate transport between the endoplasmic reticulum, the ERGIC and the Golgi (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytosol Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Has a hairpin-like insertion into membranes. Localizes to the completed autophagosome membrane upon cell starvation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the syntaxin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the GlcNAc-1-phosphate moiety from UDP-GlcNAc onto the carrier lipid undecaprenyl phosphate (C55-P), yielding GlcNAc-pyrophosphoryl-undecaprenyl (GlcNAc-PP-C55). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family. WecA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated Ndc80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity during meiosis and mitosis. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. Participates in SAC signaling that responds specifically to disruptions in spindle microtubule dynamics. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPC25 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. NagA family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the 2'-O-ribose position of uridine- 2479 in 23S ribosomal RNA. Confers resistance to antibiotic avilamycin, an orthosomycin antibiotic. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TsnR/AvirB family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional coactivator; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of dibenzodioxocinones such as pestalotiollide B, a novel class of inhibitors against cholesterol ester transfer protein (CEPT). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Involved in transformation (competence for DNA uptake).


FUNCTION: Core component of the type II secretion system required for the energy-dependent secretion of extracellular factors such as proteases and toxins from the periplasm. Pseudopilin (pilin-like) protein that polymerizes to form the pseudopilus. Further polymerization triggers pseudopilus growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GSP G family.


FUNCTION: Beta-L-arabinofuranosidase that removes the beta-L- arabinofuranose residue from the non-reducing end of various substrates, including beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-hydroxyproline (Ara-Hyp), Ara-beta-1,2-Ara-beta-Hyp (Ara(2)-Hyp), Ara-beta-1,2-Ara-beta-1,2-Ara- beta-Hyp (Ara(3)-Hyp), and beta-L-arabinofuranosyl-(1->2)-1-O-methyl- beta-L-arabinofuranose. In the presence of 1-alkanols, shows transglycosylation activity, retaining the anomeric configuration of the arabinofuranose residue. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 127 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mL50 family.


FUNCTION: Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate (PubMed:7903437, PubMed:28032905). Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synaptic cleft, which is essential for terminating the postsynaptic action of glutamate (PubMed:15363892, PubMed:15390100, PubMed:16880397). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family. SLC1A3 subfamily.