FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (By similarity). May facilitate apoptosis by inhibiting APC/C-Cdh1-mediated poly-ubiquitination and subsequent proteasome-mediated degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein MOAP1 (By similarity). Regulates the G1/S transition of the cell cycle and DNA damage-induced G2 arrest by stabilizing CDKN1A/p21 (By similarity). Positively regulates CDKN1A/p21 stability by competing with DTL for CDKN1A/p21 binding, therefore disrupting DCX(DTL) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex-mediated CDKN1A/p21 ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Mitochondrion Nucleus Note=Found predominantly in the cytosol. Partial shift from the cytosol to the mitochondria when colocalized with MOAP1. Colocalizes with CDKN1A in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.


FUNCTION: Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Mainly cytoplasmic. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit C family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N4BP1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the cleavage of glutathione into 5-oxo-L-proline and a Cys-Gly dipeptide. Acts specifically on glutathione, but not on other gamma-glutamyl peptides. Allows utilization of gluthathione through subsequent cleavage of the Cys-Gly dipeptide by Cys-Gly metallodipeptidase DUG1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family. ChaC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds 23S rRNA and is also seen to make contacts with the A and possibly P site tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL16 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family.


FUNCTION: Probable substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (PubMed:16325183). Mediates Notch-induced ubiquitination and degradation of TCF3/E2A and JAK2 (PubMed:21119685). May play a role in testis development (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ankyrin SOCS box (ASB) family.


FUNCTION: Binds together with bS18 to 16S ribosomal RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS6 family.


FUNCTION: Carbohydrate-binding lectin with a preference for chitin. Has no chitinase activity. May play a role in tissue remodeling and in the capacity of cells to respond to and cope with changes in their environment. Plays a role in T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) inflammatory response and IL-13-induced inflammation, regulating allergen sensitization, inflammatory cell apoptosis, dendritic cell accumulation and M2 macrophage differentiation. Facilitates invasion of pathogenic enteric bacteria into colonic mucosa and lymphoid organs. Mediates activation of AKT1 signaling pathway and subsequent IL8 production in colonic epithelial cells. Regulates antibacterial responses in lung by contributing to macrophage bacterial killing, controlling bacterial dissemination and augmenting host tolerance. Also regulates hyperoxia- induced injury, inflammation and epithelial apoptosis in lung (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space. Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Endoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Note=Mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane and spatially aligned with the membrane insertion machinery through two distinct membrane contact sites, formed by the 21S rRNA expansion segment 96-ES1 and the inner membrane protein MBA1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.


FUNCTION: Component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that plays a central role in blue light-dependent circadian cycles. Acts as a blue light photoreceptor, due to the presence of FMN, that mediates light- regulated protein degradation of critical clock components by targeting them to the proteasome complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ADAGIO family.


FUNCTION: Dimethylates a single guanine residue at position 26 of most tRNAs using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as donor of the methyl groups. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Trm1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Catalyzes the conversion of L-threonine, HCO(3)(-)/CO(2) and ATP to give threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) as the acyladenylate intermediate, with the release of diphosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SUA5 family. TsaC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the stereoinversion of LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate (L,L-DAP) to meso-diaminoheptanedioate (meso-DAP), a precursor of L- lysine and an essential component of the bacterial peptidoglycan. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the diaminopimelate epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase complex involved in the purines biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR) and glutamine to yield formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) and glutamate. The FGAM synthase complex is composed of three subunits. PurQ produces an ammonia molecule by converting glutamine to glutamate. PurL transfers the ammonia molecule to FGAR to form FGAM in an ATP- dependent manner. PurS interacts with PurQ and PurL and is thought to assist in the transfer of the ammonia molecule from PurQ to PurL. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L,L-diaminopimelic acid (SDAP), forming succinate and LL-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate (DAP), an intermediate involved in the bacterial biosynthesis of lysine and meso-diaminopimelic acid, an essential component of bacterial cell walls. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M20A family. DapE subfamily.


FUNCTION: One of 3 components required for cytotoxicity (tested in African green monkey Vero cells); the complex is not hemolytic.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of D-ribulose 5-phosphate to formate and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHBP synthase family.


FUNCTION: Prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking the interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) and IFN-gamma signaling pathways. Blocks the IFN-induced nuclear accumulation of host phosphorylated STAT1 by interacting with the STAT1-binding region of host importins. Alternatively interacts also directly with host STAT1 and may additionally inhibit its non-phosphorylated form. Plays a role in assembly of viral nucleocapsid and virion budding. May act as a minor matrix protein that plays a role in assembly of viral nucleocapsid and virion budding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Host endomembrane system; Peripheral membrane protein Note=In virion, localizes on the intravirional side of the membrane. In the host cell, it is found associated with virus-induced membrane proliferation foci and to the plasma membrane where budding takes place (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the filoviridae membrane-associated protein VP24 family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 16S ribosomal RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS20 family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the tagatose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase GatYZ, which catalyzes the reversible aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to produce tagatose 1,6-bisphosphate (TBP). Requires GatZ subunit for full activity and stability. Is involved in the catabolism of galactitol and D-tagatose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. TagBP aldolase GatY subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family.


FUNCTION: Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses. The affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Exists primarily an intracellular antigen whose surface expression is tightly regulated by restricted trafficking to the cell surface and rapid internalization.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of aspterpenacids (PubMed:28604695, PubMed:34085529). Performs the C22-oxidative modification of the terpene synthase sttA product preaspterpenacid I to produce preaspterpenacid II (PubMed:34085529). It has still to be determined how preaspterpenacid II is further modified to produce aspterpenacids (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state. FUNCTION: Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Synapse, synaptosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Synapse, synaptosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the major light-harvesting pigment bacteriochlorophyll c (BChlc), which confers a significant competitive advantage to green sulfur bacteria living at limiting red and near-infrared light intensities (PubMed:15090495). Catalyzes the methylation at the C-20 position of the cyclic tetrapyrrole chlorin of bacteriochlorophyll d (BChld) to produce bacteriochlorophyll c (BChlc) using S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) as a methyl source (PubMed:15090495, PubMed:16797589). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Has high NADPH-dependent quinone reductase activity with a preference for quinones with hydrophobic substituents. Reduces also CrO4(2-) and Fe(3+). Somewhat active with NADH. May be involved in response to oxidative stress caused by arsenic. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ArsH family.


FUNCTION: Required for insertion of 4Fe-4S clusters for at least IspG. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HesB/IscA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL28 family.


FUNCTION: The light-modulated chloroplast enzyme, encoded by a nuclear gene and expressed primarily in leaves, is responsible for the reassimilation of the ammonia generated by photorespiration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutamine synthetase family.


FUNCTION: ATP-binding (A) component of a common energy-coupling factor (ECF) ABC-transporter complex. Unlike classic ABC transporters this ECF transporter provides the energy necessary to transport a number of different substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Energy-coupling factor EcfA family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor (PubMed:18539116, PubMed:10593900, PubMed:12150931). Recognizes and binds to the consensus sequence motif 5'-AATTAATTA-3' in the regulatory elements of target genes, such as glycoprotein hormones alpha chain CGA and visual system homeobox CHX10, positively modulating transcription; transcription can be co-activated by LDB2 (PubMed:18539116, PubMed:10593900, PubMed:9192866). Synergistically enhances transcription from the prolactin promoter in cooperation with POU1F1/Pit-1 (PubMed:7708713). Required for the establishment of the specialized cells of the pituitary gland and the nervous system (By similarity). Involved in the development of interneurons and motor neurons in cooperation with LDB1 and ISL1 (PubMed:12150931, PubMed:18539116). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity of complex I. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.


FUNCTION: Could be involved in insertion of integral membrane proteins into the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0161 family.


FUNCTION: Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.


FUNCTION: Reversibly blocks N-type calcium channels (Cav2.2/CACNA1B) in rat dorsal root ganglion cells. Elicits no toxic symptoms in either vertebrates or invertebrates during a period of 48 hours post- injection, when it was assayed in vivo by direct injection into mice and cockroaches (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 36 family. 02 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Essential fimbrial adhesion factor that mediates binding to N-acetylglucosamine-containing receptors in the host intestinal microvilli, leading to colonization of the intestinal tissue, and diarrhea or septicemia. Also confers adhesiveness to laminin and basement membranes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium Note=Attached to the tip of the fimbrial filaments. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fimbrial protein family.


FUNCTION: Located at the back of the 30S subunit body where it stabilizes the conformation of the head with respect to the body. FUNCTION: With S4 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS5 family.


FUNCTION: Probable chaperone protein which facilitates trafficking and functional cell surface expression of some G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Promotes functional expression of the bitter taste receptor TAS2R16 (By similarity). Also promotes functional expression of the opioid receptor heterodimer OPRD1-OPRM1 (PubMed:18836069). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM7 family.


FUNCTION: Has a role in meiosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WHI5/NRM1 family.


FUNCTION: One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, this protein initially binds near the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. It makes multiple contacts with different domains of the 23S rRNA in the assembled 50S subunit and ribosome. FUNCTION: Forms part of the polypeptide exit tunnel. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL4 family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the guanosine in position 1516 of 16S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmJ family.


FUNCTION: Component of the polyhedra envelope. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the baculoviridae E66 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between ATP and AMP. Plays an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and in adenine nucleotide metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Stimulates cAMP production in porcine kidney cell line LLC- PK1 via the calcitonin receptor (CT) but not via the CT-like (CL) receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calcitonin family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex PstSACB involved in phosphate import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Phosphate importer (TC 3.A.1.7) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family.


FUNCTION: Attaches the virus to sialic acid-containing cell receptors and thereby initiating infection. Binding of HN protein to the receptor induces a conformational change that allows the F protein to trigger virion/cell membranes fusion (By similarity). FUNCTION: Neuraminidase activity ensures the efficient spread of the virus by dissociating the mature virions from the neuraminic acid containing glycoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paramyxoviruses hemagglutinin-neuraminidase family.


FUNCTION: Possesses non-specific lipolytic acyl hydrolase (LAH) activity. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of the galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), and less efficiently the phoshpolipids phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Favors the release of fatty acid at the sn-1 position for PC or PE and the sn-2 position for PG, PA, PS and PI. Negatively affects disease resistance to the necrotic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and the avirulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae by promoting cell death and reducing the efficiency of the hypersensitive response, respectively. However, PLP2 contributes to resistance to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), an obligate parasite inducing hypersensitive response. May negatively regulate oxylipin production, possibly via participating in membrane repair that includes removal of oxidatively modified lipids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the patatin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of GlcN-Ins and L- cysteine to form L-Cys-GlcN-Ins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. MshC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Converts seryl-tRNA(Sec) to selenocysteinyl-tRNA(Sec) required for selenoprotein biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SelA family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the hydrolysis of cyanuric acid, an intermediate formed during catabolism of s-triazine based compounds in herbicides such as atrazine and polymers such as melamine. Catalyzes the hydrolytic opening of the s-triazine ring of cyanuric acid (2,4,6- trihydroxy-s-triazine) to yield carbon dioxide and carboxybiuret, which spontaneously decarboxylates to biuret. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclic amide hydrolase (CyAH) family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo5/eukaryotic RPB5 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (PubMed:20949621). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:23698361, PubMed:22711838). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (PubMed:24623306). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2B]: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Endomembrane system Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.


SIMILARITY: To L.delbrueckii similar ORF in glnA 5'region.


FUNCTION: Serves as an anchoring site for cell-ECM adhesion proteins and filamin-containing actin filaments. Is implicated in cell shape modulation (spreading) and motility. May participate in the regulation of filamin-mediated cross-linking and stabilization of actin filaments. May also regulate the assembly of filamin-containing signaling complexes that control actin assembly. Promotes dissociation of FLNA from ITGB3 and ITGB7. Promotes activation of integrins and regulates integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, focal adhesion Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, stress fiber Note=Associated with actin stress fiber at cell-ECM focal adhesion sites. Recruited and localized at actin stress fibers and clustered at cell-EMC adhesion sites through interaction with FERMT2.


FUNCTION: Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.


FUNCTION: Binds to WASL/N-WASP and suppresses its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, thereby inhibiting its cytoplasmic function (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required in the control of cell shape and migration. May play a role in cytokinesis. May be involved in pre-mRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Nucleus matrix Note=Colocalizes with AKAP8L in the nuclear matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PRPF40 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. Regulatory factor in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway that controls the turnover of proteasome substrates. Targets proteasomes to the nucleus and facilitates the degradation of nuclear proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cut8/STS1 family.


FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Temporin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Converts GTP to 7,8-dihydroneopterin triphosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase IV family.


FUNCTION: Necessary for efficient RNA polymerase transcription elongation past template-encoded arresting sites. The arresting sites in DNA have the property of trapping a certain fraction of elongating RNA polymerases that pass through, resulting in locked ternary complexes. Cleavage of the nascent transcript by cleavage factors such as GreA or GreB allows the resumption of elongation from the new 3'terminus. GreA releases sequences of 2 to 3 nucleotides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GreA/GreB family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA polymerase alpha chain family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a receptor for the neuropeptides CAP-1 and CAP-2, but not CAP-3. Probably a component of signal transduction pathway that leads to Malpighian tubule fluid secretion in response to these ligands. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: The key enzymatic reactions in nitrogen fixation are catalyzed by the nitrogenase complex, which has 2 components: the iron protein and the molybdenum-iron protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NifH/BchL/ChlL family.


FUNCTION: Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes (By similarity). The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of SCF-type E3 ligase complexes, leading to decrease the Ubl ligase activity of SCF-type complexes such as SCF, CSA or DDB2 (By similarity). Also involved in the deneddylation of non-cullin subunits such as STON2 (By similarity). The complex is also involved in phosphorylation of p53/TP53, c-jun/JUN, IkappaBalpha/NFKBIA, ITPK1, IRF8/ICSBP and SNAPIN, possibly via its association with CK2 and PKD kinases (By similarity). CSN-dependent phosphorylation of TP53 and JUN promotes and protects degradation by the Ubl system, respectively (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CSN4 family.


FUNCTION: Anchoring protein that mediates the subcellular compartmentation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA type II). Acts as an anchor for a PKA-signaling complex onto mitotic chromosomes, which is required for maintenance of chromosomes in a condensed form throughout mitosis. Recruits condensin complex subunit NCAPD2 to chromosomes required for chromatin condensation; the function appears to be independent from PKA-anchoring (By similarity). Specifically involved in recruitment of CAPD2 to, and condensation of maternal but not paternal chromosomes (PubMed:12082153). May help to deliver cyclin D/E to CDK4 to facilitate cell cycle progression (PubMed:14641107). Required for cell cycle G2/M transition and histone deacetylation during mitosis. In mitotic cells recruits HDAC3 to the vicinity of chromatin leading to deacetylation and subsequent phosphorylation at 'Ser-10' of histone H3; in this function may act redundantly with AKAP8L. Involved in nuclear retention of RPS6KA1 upon ERK activation thus inducing cell proliferation. May be involved in regulation of DNA replication by acting as scaffold for MCM2. Enhances HMT activity of the KMT2 family MLL4/WBP7 complex and is involved in transcriptional regulation. In a teratocarcinoma cell line is involved in retinoic acid-mediated induction of developmental genes implicating H3 'Lys-4' methylation. May be involved in recruitment of active CASP3 to the nucleus in apoptotic cells. May act as a carrier protein of GJA1 for its transport to the nucleus. May play a repressive role in the regulation of rDNA transcription. Preferentially binds GC-rich DNA in vitro. In cells, associates with ribosomal RNA (rRNA) chromatin, preferentially with rRNA promoter and transcribed regions (By similarity). Involved in modulation of Toll-like receptor signaling. Required for the cAMP-dependent suppression of TNF-alpha in early stages of LPS-induced macrophage activation; the function probably implicates targeting of PKA to NFKB1 (PubMed:19531803). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus matrix Nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm Note=Associated with the nuclear matrix (By similarity). Exhibits partial localization to the nucleolus in interphase, possibly to the fibrillary center and/or to the dense fibrillary component (By similarity). Redistributed and detached from condensed chromatin during mitosis (By similarity). Localizes specifically to the vicinity of the meiotic spindle in metaphase II oocytes (PubMed:12082153). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AKAP95 family.


FUNCTION: Might play a role in the development of cardiac outflow tract. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MCTP family.


FUNCTION: Is required to sustain N(2)-dependent growth in the presence of low levels of carbon monoxide (CO). Probably acts by protecting the N(2) fixation ability of the nitrogenase complex, which is inactivated in the presence of CO. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CowN family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of dethiobiotin (DTB) to biotin by the insertion of a sulfur atom into dethiobiotin via a radical-based mechanism. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Biotin synthase family.


FUNCTION: Transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to L-homoserine, forming acetyl-L-homoserine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. MetX family.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein export. Acts as a chaperone by maintaining the newly synthesized protein in an open conformation. Functions as a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Note=About half TF is bound to the ribosome near the polypeptide exit tunnel while the other half is free in the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. Tig subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in iron transport and iron homeostasis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Plastid, chloroplast envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferroportin (FP) (TC 2.A.100) family. SLC40A subfamily.


FUNCTION: N(6)-adenine-specific methyltransferase that can methylate both RNAs and DNA (PubMed:30982744). Acts as a N(6)-adenine-specific RNA methyltransferase by catalyzing formation of N6,2'-O- dimethyladenosine (m6A(m)) on internal positions of U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA): methylates the 6th position of adenine residues with a pre-deposited 2'-O-methylation (By similarity). Internal m6A(m) methylation of snRNAs regulates RNA splicing (By similarity). Also able to act as a N(6)-adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase by mediating methylation of DNA on the 6th position of adenine (N(6)- methyladenosine) (PubMed:30982744). The existence of N(6)- methyladenosine (m6A) on DNA is however unclear in mammals, and additional evidences are required to confirm the role of the N(6)- adenine-specific DNA methyltransferase activity of METTL4 in vivo (By similarity). Acts as a regulator of mitochondrial transcript levels and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number by mediating mtDNA N(6)- methylation: m6A on mtDNA reduces transcription by repressing TFAM DNA- binding and bending (By similarity). N(6)-methyladenosine deposition by METTL4 regulates Polycomb silencing by triggering ubiquitination and degradation of sensor proteins ASXL1 and MPND, leading to inactivation of the PR-DUB complex and subsequent preservation of Polycomb silencing (PubMed:30982744). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MT-A70-like family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of class I heat shock genes (grpE-dnaK- dnaJ and groELS operons). Prevents heat-shock induction of these operons. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HrcA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of caffeic acid to ferulic acid and of 5-hydroxyferulic acid to sinapic acid. The resulting products may subsequently be converted to the corresponding alcohols that are incorporated into lignins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family. COMT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. Anchors the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cell inner membrane, binds quinones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FrdC family.


FUNCTION: This is 1 of the proteins that binds and probably mediates the attachment of the 5S RNA into the large ribosomal subunit, where it forms part of the central protuberance. In the 70S ribosome it contacts protein S13 of the 30S subunit (bridge B1b), connecting the 2 subunits; this bridge is implicated in subunit movement. Contacts the P site tRNA; the 5S rRNA and some of its associated proteins might help stabilize positioning of ribosome-bound tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein with E3 ligase activity that is involved in many diverse biological processes including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, DNA repair, platelet activation or apoptosis. Promotes EGFR-mediated signaling by facilitating the dimerization of EGFR and downstream AKT activation thereby promoting cell proliferation. Ubiquitinates SMURF2 through 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitin chain leading to SMURF2 degradation through the proteasome and subsequently osteogenic differentiation. Promotes 'Lys-63'-mediated ubiquitination of CHK1 which in turn activates cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair. In addition, promotes an atypical 'Lys-29'- linked ubiquitination at the C-terminal end of IRS1 which is crucial for insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signal transduction (By similarity). Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B in response to signaling through Toll-like receptors. Required for normal skeleton development, and for normal development of the respiratory tract. Required for activation of RPS6KB1 in response to TNF signaling. Modulates TRAF6 functions. Inhibits adipogenic differentiation by activating pyruvate kinase PKM activity and subsequently the beta- catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell junction, tight junction Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TNF receptor-associated factor family. B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the activation and reutilization of phytol from chlorophyll degradation in plant metabolism, including tocopherol biosynthesis. Catalyzes the conversion of phytol to phytol monophosphate (PMP) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.


FUNCTION: Potential negative modulator of chondrocyte differentiation. Inhibits collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. May influence chondrocyte's differentiation by acting on its cellular collagenous microenvironment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) family. SLRP class IV subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in mitochondria homeostasis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxisomal membrane protein PXMP2/4 family.


FUNCTION: Variant histone H2A which can replace H2A in some nucleosomes. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. This variant is enriched at promoters, it may keep them in a repressed state until the appropriate activation signal is received. Near telomeres, it may counteract gene silencing caused by the spread of heterochromatin proteins. Required for the RNA polymerase II and SPT15/TBP recruitment to the target genes. Involved in chromosome stability (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 4-hydroxy-2-oxovalerate aldolase family.


FUNCTION: Cell wall formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MurB family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.


FUNCTION: Phospholipase A1 (PLA1) that hydrolyzes ester bonds at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids producing a free fatty acid and a lysophospholipid (PubMed:20359546, PubMed:22922100). Prefers phosphatidate (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate, PA) as substrate in vitro, but can efficiently hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol (1,2-diacyl- sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1D-myo-inositol), PI), as well as a range of other glycerophospholipid substrates such as phosphatidylcholine (1,2- diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (1,2- diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, PE), phosphatidylserine (1,2- diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine, PS) and phosphatidylglycerol (1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-sn-glycerol), PG) (PubMed:20359546) (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of the endogenous content of polyunsaturated PI and PS lipids in the nervous system. Changes in these lipids extend to downstream metabolic products like PI phosphates PIP and PIP2, which play fundamental roles in cell biology (By similarity). Regulates mitochondrial morphology (PubMed:24599962). These dynamic changes may be due to PA hydrolysis at the mitochondrial surface (PubMed:24599962). May play a regulatory role in spermatogenesis or sperm function (PubMed:24599962). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PA-PLA1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial transporter that mediates uptake of thiamine diphosphate (ThDP) into mitochondria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 homolog that lacks enzymatic activity (PubMed:25522251). Is able to suppress the acetylcholine (ACh)-evoked current mediated by alpha-7-similar nAChRs in L.stagnalis neurons (IC(50)=2.18 uM) (PubMed:25522251). This activity is only partially reversible and seems to be non-competitive (PubMed:25522251). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group II subfamily. S49 sub-subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TACO1 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in regulation of vesicular cargo transport from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Regulates Golgi phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) levels and activates the PtdIns(4)P phosphatase activity of SACM1L when it binds PtdIns(4)P in 'trans' configuration (By similarity). Binds preferentially to PtdIns(4)P (By similarity). Negatively regulates APOB secretion from hepatocytes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Localizes to ER-trans Golgi network (TGN) contacts sites.


FUNCTION: NADH-dependent reductase for DPH3 and cytochrome b5. Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. DPH1 and DPH2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L- methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising DPH3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly CBR1. By reducing DPH3, also involved in the formation of the tRNA wobble base modification mcm5s 2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2- thiouridine), mediated by the elongator complex. The cytochrome b5/NADH cytochrome b5 reductase electron transfer system supports the catalytic activity of several sterol biosynthetic enzymes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoribosyl group of 5- phosphorylribose-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to anthranilate to yield N-(5'- phosphoribosyl)-anthranilate (PRA). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Reductase activity that acts on Fe(3+)-chelates and uses both NADH and NADPH as electron donors. May play a role in iron uptake.


FUNCTION: ATP-binding RNA helicase involved in the biogenesis of 60S ribosomal subunits. Required for the normal formation of 18S rRNA through the processing of pre-rRNAs at sites A0, A1 and A2, and the normal formation of 25S and 5.8S rRNAs through the processing of pre- rRNAs at sites C1 and C2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX55/SPB4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors. Is thus essential for accurate translation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL12 family.


FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Phi family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a chaperone. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde. Hydrolyzes S-formylglutathione to glutathione and formate (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the esterase D family.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Pyridoxal kinase involved in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyridoxal to PLP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyridoxine kinase family. PdxY subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional coactivator.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pantothenate (Pan), the first step in CoA biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type III pantothenate kinase family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in cellular signaling or cytoskeletal functions. May play a role in morphogenetic control. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility (By similarity). Within the PRC1-like complex, regulates RNF2 ubiquitin ligase activity (By similarity). Plays a redundant role with PCGF5 as part of a PRC1-like complex that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119' on the X chromosome and is required for normal silencing of one copy of the X chromosome in XX females (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=Recruited by the non- coding RNA Xist to specific nuclear foci that probably correspond to the inactivated X chromosome.


FUNCTION: Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G- proteins. Signaling mediates the activation of phospholipase C (By similarity). Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by arrestin and terminates signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Note=Detected on the rhabdomere membrane in the photoreceptor outer segment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Participates actively in the response to hyperosmotic and heat shock by preventing the aggregation of stress-denatured proteins, in association with DnaK and GrpE. It is the nucleotide exchange factor for DnaK and may function as a thermosensor. Unfolded proteins bind initially to DnaJ; upon interaction with the DnaJ-bound protein, DnaK hydrolyzes its bound ATP, resulting in the formation of a stable complex. GrpE releases ADP from DnaK; ATP binding to DnaK triggers the release of the substrate protein, thus completing the reaction cycle. Several rounds of ATP-dependent interactions between DnaJ, DnaK and GrpE are required for fully efficient folding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GrpE family.


FUNCTION: Receptor that mediates the recognition, internalization and degradation of oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) by vascular endothelial cells. OxLDL is a marker of atherosclerosis that induces vascular endothelial cell activation and dysfunction, resulting in pro-inflammatory responses, pro-oxidative conditions and apoptosis. Its association with oxLDL induces the activation of NF-kappa-B through an increased production of intracellular reactive oxygen and a variety of pro-atherogenic cellular responses including a reduction of nitric oxide (NO) release, monocyte adhesion and apoptosis. In addition to binding oxLDL, it acts as a receptor for the HSP70 protein involved in antigen cross-presentation to naive T-cells in dendritic cells, thereby participating in cell-mediated antigen cross-presentation. Also involved in inflammatory process, by acting as a leukocyte-adhesion molecule at the vascular interface in endotoxin-induced inflammation. Also acts as a receptor for advanced glycation end (AGE) products, activated platelets, monocytes, apoptotic cells and both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Membrane raft Secreted Note=A secreted form also exists. Localization to membrane rafts requires palmitoylation (By similarity).


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FPF1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calmodulin family. Calglandulin subfamily.


FUNCTION: IF-3 binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit and shifts the equilibrum between 70S ribosomes and their 50S and 30S subunits in favor of the free subunits, thus enhancing the availability of 30S subunits on which protein synthesis initiation begins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IF-3 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6- phosphogluconolactone. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the first two steps in lysine degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the saccharopine dehydrogenase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the AlaDH/PNT family.


FUNCTION: The natural substrate for this enzyme may be peptidyl-tRNAs which drop off the ribosome during protein synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PTH family.


FUNCTION: Putative cysteine synthase that catalyzes the conversion of O-acetyl-L-serine (OAS) into cysteine, the last step in the cysteine biosynthesis pathway. However, in contrast to cysteine synthase cysB, this CS-like protein seems not to function in cysteine biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family.


FUNCTION: Scaffolding protein that specifically recognizes and binds dimethylarginine-containing proteins (PubMed:15955813). Plays a role in the regulation of translation of target mRNAs by binding Arg/Gly-rich motifs (GAR) in dimethylarginine-containing proteins. In nucleus, acts as a coactivator: recognizes and binds asymmetric dimethylation on the core histone tails associated with transcriptional activation (H3R17me2a and H4R3me2a) and recruits proteins at these arginine- methylated loci (PubMed:21172665). In cytoplasm, acts as an antiviral factor that participates in the assembly of stress granules together with G3BP1 (PubMed:35085371). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. Associated with actively translating polyribosomes. Component of stress granules (PubMed:18664458, PubMed:35085371).


FUNCTION: Sliding clamp subunit that acts as a moving platform for DNA processing. Responsible for tethering the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase to DNA during high-speed replication. Unlike its eukaryotic paralog, loads on circular DNA without the replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader, although RFC greatly increases loading efficiency. Stimulates the ATPase activity of replication factor C (RFC) in the presence of ssDNA. Stimulates the helicase activity of Hel308 and may alter its substrate specificity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PCNA family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the cellular response to the nitrogen source. URE2 gene plays a major part in the repression of GLN1 and GDH2 genes by glutamine, and is required for the inactivation of glutamine synthetase. URE2 gene product may catalytically inactivate GLN3 in response to an increase in the intracellular concentration of glutamine (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a ribosyl phosphate group from 5- phosphoribose 1-diphosphate to orotate, leading to the formation of orotidine monophosphate (OMP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. PyrE subfamily.


FUNCTION: Phosphorylation of dTMP to form dTDP in both de novo and salvage pathways of dTTP synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPase RHOA, which, in turn, induces myosin filament formation. Also activates RHOG. Does not activate RAC1, or to a much lower extent than RHOA and RHOG. Part of a functional unit, involving PLEKHG6, MYH10 and RHOA, at the cleavage furrow to advance furrow ingression during cytokinesis. In epithelial cells, required for the formation of microvilli and membrane ruffles on the apical pole. Along with EZR, required for normal macropinocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, microvillus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cleavage furrow Note=During mitosis, localizes to the spindle pole, central spindle and cleavage furrow (PubMed:16721066). In epithelial cells, recruited to the apical membrane by EZR where it participates in macropinocytosis (PubMed:17881735).


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates guanosine-37 in various tRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA methyltransferase TrmD family.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing events by binding to 5'-UGCAUGU-3' elements. Prevents binding of U2AF2 to the 3'-splice site. Regulates alternative splicing of tissue- specific exons and of differentially spliced exons during erythropoiesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). It binds chlorophyll and helps catalyze the primary light- induced photochemical processes of PSII. PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbB/PsbC family. PsbB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP. It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF- Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EF-Ts family.


FUNCTION: Involved in cell division and chromosome segregation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WhiA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor /GM-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/G-CSF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Interferes also with antigen presentation by reducing the expression of MHC-class II and co-stimulatory molecules, thereby inhibiting their ability to induce T cell activation (By similarity). In addition, controls the inflammatory response of macrophages by reprogramming essential metabolic pathways including mTOR signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-10 family.


FUNCTION: Microtubule-associated protein (MAP) that plays a role in the regulation of cell division; promotes microtubule stability and participates in the organization of the spindle midzone and normal progress of cytokinesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Midbody Note=Localized at stabilized microtubules (MTs) during interphase and to the mitotic apparatus during mitosis. Localized at spindle poles in metaphase and spindle midzone during telophase. Colocalized with Polo-like kinase PLK1 to the center of spindle midzone. Localized at the midbody during cytokinesis. Colocalized with acetylated-tubulin at MTs (By similarity).


FUNCTION: This protein binds to 23S rRNA in the presence of protein L20. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL21 family.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding transcription factor that specifically binds heat shock promoter elements (HSE) and activates transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HSF family.


FUNCTION: This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm Membrane, caveola Note=Location at the nuclear membrane facilitates heterooligomerization and regulates ERK-mediated signaling in cardiac myocytes. Colocalizes with GNAQ, PLCB1 as well as LAP2 at the nuclear membrane of cardiac myocytes (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA1B sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial glycine transporter that imports glycine into the mitochondrial matrix. Plays an important role in providing glycine for the first enzymatic step in heme biosynthesis, the condensation of glycine with succinyl-CoA to produce 5-aminolevulinate (ALA) in the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. SLC25A38 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Co-chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. Seems to help targeting proteins to be folded toward HscA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HscB family.


FUNCTION: Required for the insertion and/or proper folding and/or complex formation of integral membrane proteins into the membrane. Involved in integration of membrane proteins that insert both dependently and independently of the Sec translocase complex, as well as at least some lipoproteins. Aids folding of multispanning membrane proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Specifically dimethylates two adjacent adenosines (A1518 and A1519) in the loop of a conserved hairpin near the 3'-end of 16S rRNA in the 30S particle. May play a critical role in biogenesis of 30S subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family. RsmA subfamily.


FUNCTION: The RuvA-RuvB-RuvC complex processes Holliday junction (HJ) DNA during genetic recombination and DNA repair. Endonuclease that resolves HJ intermediates. Cleaves cruciform DNA by making single- stranded nicks across the HJ at symmetrical positions within the homologous arms, yielding a 5'-phosphate and a 3'-hydroxyl group; requires a central core of homology in the junction. The consensus cleavage sequence is 5'-(A/T)TT(C/G)-3'. Cleavage occurs on the 3'-side of the TT dinucleotide at the point of strand exchange. HJ branch migration catalyzed by RuvA-RuvB allows RuvC to scan DNA until it finds its consensus sequence, where it cleaves and resolves the cruciform DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuvC family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL35 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TTC14 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: This enzyme is involved in nucleotide metabolism: it produces dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides and it decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dUTPase family.


FUNCTION: General (non sugar-specific) component of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS). This major carbohydrate active-transport system catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. Enzyme I transfers the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the phosphoryl carrier protein (HPr). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PEP-utilizing enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Involved in disulfide bond formation. Catalyzes a late, reductive step in the assembly of periplasmic c-type cytochromes, probably the reduction of disulfide bonds of the apocytochrome c to allow covalent linkage with the heme. Possible subunit of a heme lyase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family. DsbE subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Bowman-Birk serine protease inhibitor family.


FUNCTION: Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'- 3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site- terminated flap. Acts as a genome stabilization factor that prevents flaps from equilibrating into structures that lead to duplications and deletions. Also possesses 5'-3' exonuclease activity on nicked or gapped double-stranded DNA, and exhibits RNase H activity. Also involved in replication and repair of rDNA and in repairing mitochondrial DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm Mitochondrion Note=Resides mostly in the nucleoli and relocalizes to the nucleoplasm upon DNA damage. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the XPG/RAD2 endonuclease family. FEN1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Rod linker protein, associated with phycocyanin. Linker polypeptides determine the state of aggregation and the location of the disk-shaped phycobiliprotein units within the phycobilisome and modulate their spectroscopic properties in order to mediate a directed and optimal energy transfer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Note=This protein occurs in the rod, it is associated with phycocyanin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycobilisome linker protein family.


FUNCTION: RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. Although the small subunit is not catalytic it is essential for maximal activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO small chain family.


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates histones. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators, where it is required for transcription. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ENY2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the binding of tRNA to the ribosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS10 family.


FUNCTION: Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NDK family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the poxviruses fusion protein family.


FUNCTION: Cell division factor that enhances FtsZ-ring assembly. Directly interacts with FtsZ and promotes bundling of FtsZ protofilaments, with a reduction in FtsZ GTPase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to mid-cell in an FtsZ-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZapD family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.


FUNCTION: Encodes for at least two polypeptides: protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT). The protease processes the polyprotein in cis. Reverse transcriptase is multifunctional enzyme that converts the viral RNA genome into dsDNA in viral cytoplasmic capsids. This enzyme displays a DNA polymerase activity that can copy either DNA or RNA templates, and a ribonuclease H (RNase H) activity that cleaves the RNA strand of RNA-DNA heteroduplexes in a partially processive 3'- to 5'- endonucleasic mode. Neo-synthesized pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) are encapsidated, and reverse-transcribed inside the nucleocapsid. Partial (+)DNA is synthesized from the (-)DNA template and generates the relaxed circular DNA (RC-DNA) genome. After budding and infection, the RC-DNA migrates in the nucleus, and is converted into a plasmid-like covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the caulimoviridae enzymatic polyprotein family.


FUNCTION: Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNase HII family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group of 4- methyl-5-beta-hydroxyethylthiazole (THZ). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Thz kinase family.


FUNCTION: Functions in the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation where it conjugates Leu, Phe and, less efficiently, Met from aminoacyl- tRNAs to the N-termini of proteins containing an N-terminal arginine or lysine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L/F-transferase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL27 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that specifically regulates the expression of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of gramillins A and B, bicyclic lipopeptides that induce cell death in maize leaves but not in wheat leaves. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of ent-copalyl diphosphate to the gibberellin precursor ent-kaur-16-ene. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


FUNCTION: Required for maturation of urease via the functional incorporation of the urease nickel metallocenter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UreD family.


FUNCTION: The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase T1B family.


FUNCTION: [Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Potent stimulator of glucose- dependent insulin release. Also stimulates insulin release in response to IL6. Plays important roles on gastric motility and the suppression of plasma glucagon levels. May be involved in the suppression of satiety and stimulation of glucose disposal in peripheral tissues, independent of the actions of insulin. Has growth-promoting activities on intestinal epithelium. May also regulate the hypothalamic pituitary axis (HPA) via effects on LH, TSH, CRH, oxytocin, and vasopressin secretion. Increases islet mass through stimulation of islet neogenesis and pancreatic beta cell proliferation. Inhibits beta cell apoptosis. FUNCTION: [Glicentin]: May modulate gastric acid secretion and the gastro-pyloro-duodenal activity. May play an important role in intestinal mucosal growth in the early period of life. FUNCTION: [Oxyntomodulin]: Significantly reduces food intake. Inhibits gastric emptying in humans. Suppression of gastric emptying may lead to increased gastric distension, which may contribute to satiety by causing a sensation of fullness. FUNCTION: [Glucagon]: Plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. FUNCTION: [Glucagon-like peptide 2]: Stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, from the stomach to the colon is the principal target for GLP-2 action. Plays a key role in nutrient homeostasis, enhancing nutrient assimilation through enhanced gastrointestinal function, as well as increasing nutrient disposal. Stimulates intestinal glucose transport and decreases mucosal permeability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Glucagon-like peptide 1]: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glucagon family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor required for lateral development of the lemma and palea (PubMed:22203474, Ref.9, PubMed:23526395, PubMed:25224972, PubMed:26486996, PubMed:29057928, PubMed:30725309). Involved in the regulation of grain hull development (PubMed:23526395). Possesses transactivation activity in yeast, and may determine grain shape and size by modifying gene expression in the grain hull (PubMed:23526395). Regulates the expression of cell proliferation and expansion related genes (PubMed:26486996). Acts as transcriptional repressor and regulates cell expansion during the lateral development of spikelet (PubMed:29057928). May act upstream of hormone-related genes and starch and sucrose metabolism-related genes, which may be responsible for lemma and palea development, and grain filling, respectively (PubMed:30725309). Does not seem to function at stages of floral-organ initiation and patterning (Ref.9). FUNCTION: Probable transcription regulator that acts as a developmental regulator by promoting cell growth in response to light. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant homeotic and developmental regulators ALOG protein family.


FUNCTION: Salivary chemokine-binding protein which binds to host chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL11 and CXCL13. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: One of the primary rRNA binding proteins. Required for association of the 30S and 50S subunits to form the 70S ribosome, for tRNA binding and peptide bond formation. It has been suggested to have peptidyltransferase activity; this is somewhat controversial. Makes several contacts with the 16S rRNA in the 70S ribosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL2 family.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent pseudouridine N(1)- methyltransferase that methylates the pseudouridine corresponding to position 1189 (Psi1189) in S.cerevisiae 18S rRNA. Involved the biosynthesis of the hypermodified N1-methyl-N3-(3-amino-3- carboxypropyl) pseudouridine (m1acp3-Psi) conserved in eukaryotic 18S rRNA. Has also an essential role in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis independent on its methyltransferase activity, facilitating the incorporation of ribosomal protein S19 during the formation of pre- ribosomes (By similarity). Essential for cell growth. It also has a key role in promoting the mating function (PubMed:9133664). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase NEP1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of ATP and 5-phosphoribose 1- diphosphate to form N'-(5'-phosphoribosyl)-ATP (PR-ATP). Has a crucial role in the pathway because the rate of histidine biosynthesis seems to be controlled primarily by regulation of HisG enzymatic activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP phosphoribosyltransferase family. Short subfamily.


FUNCTION: Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Monoterpene synthase (mono-TPS) involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes natural products, constituent of coffee beverage aroma (PubMed:23398891). Catalyzes the conversion of (2E)-geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into linalool and beta-myrcene, and, as minor products, cis- ocimene and trans-ocimene (PubMed:23398891). Not able to use geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) as substrates (PubMed:23398891). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsb subfamily.


FUNCTION: Converts 2C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (ME- 2,4cPP) into 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(E)-butenyl 4-diphosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IspG family.


FUNCTION: Displays ATPase and GTPase activities. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RapZ-like family.


FUNCTION: This toxin stabilizes ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1) opening in a long-lasting subconductance state (40% of the full conductance state) (PubMed:27114612). Furthermore, it triggers calcium release from sarcoplasmic vesicles (64.2 nM are enough to induce a sharp release, and 50% of the total calcium is released after toxin (100 nM) addition) probably by acting as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) (PubMed:27114612). In addition, it has been shown to dose-dependently stimulate ryanodine binding to RyR1 (EC(50)=3.2 nM) (PubMed:27114612). It also augments the bell-shaped calcium-[3H]ryanodine binding curve that is maximal at about 10 uM calcium concentration (PubMed:27114612). It binds a different site as ryanodine (By similarity). It acts synergistically with caffeine (By similarity). In vivo, intracerebroventricular injection into mice induces neurotoxic symptoms, followed by death (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the scorpion calcin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the cleavage of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) and L-3- hydroxykynurenine (L-3OHKyn) into anthranilic acid (AA) and 3- hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OHAA), respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the kynureninase family.


FUNCTION: Specifically catalyzes the AdoMet-dependent 2'-O-ribose methylation of cytidine at position 56 in tRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aTrm56 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of UDP-3-O-myristoyl-N- acetylglucosamine to form UDP-3-O-myristoylglucosamine and acetate, the committed step in lipid A biosynthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LpxC family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the final step of fatty acid oxidation in which acetyl-CoA is released and the CoA ester of a fatty acid two carbons shorter is formed. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.


FUNCTION: Has a role in the initiation of DNA replication. Required at S-phase checkpoint (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLD2 family.


FUNCTION: Probably catalyzes the deacetylation of acetylated carbohydrates an important step in the degradation of oligosaccharides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YdjC deacetylase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. GON7 plays a supporting role to the catalytic subunit OSGEP in the complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Involved in the synthesis of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is secreted by bacteria and is used to communicate both the cell density and the metabolic potential of the environment. The regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. Catalyzes the transformation of S-ribosylhomocysteine (RHC) to homocysteine (HC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione (DPD). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LuxS family.


FUNCTION: Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels and other proteins by Ca(2+). Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-Ca(2+) complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calmodulin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS18 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0234 family.


FUNCTION: Provides the (R)-glutamate required for cell wall biosynthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/glutamate racemases family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cuticle of migratory locust which contains more than 100 different structural proteins.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the imidazoleglycerol-phosphate dehydratase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in nucleotide metabolism: produces dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides and decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP to avoid uracil incorporation into viral DNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dUTPase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of uracil and 5-phospho-alpha-D- ribose 1-diphosphate (PRPP) to UMP and diphosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPRTase family.


FUNCTION: Could be responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-13 in transfer RNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruD family.


FUNCTION: Antenna complexes are light-harvesting systems, which transfer the excitation energy to the reaction centers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the antenna complex alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Transaminase involved in tyrosine breakdown (PubMed:24385923, PubMed:31043480). Converts tyrosine to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate (PubMed:31043480). Has no transaminase activity towards phenylalanine (PubMed:31043480). Plays protective role against oxidative stress, metabolizing meta-tyrosine and negatively regulating its accumulation (PubMed:31043480). Plays a role in modulating the daf-2/insulin receptor-like transduction pathway through regulating tyrosine levels (PubMed:24385923). Negatively regulates dauer formation (PubMed:24385923). Plays a role in longevity (PubMed:24385923, PubMed:31043480). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glutamyl-tRNA(Glu) to glutamate 1-semialdehyde (GSA). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutamyl-tRNA reductase family.


FUNCTION: Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates both histones H2A and H2B. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators such as MYC, where it is required for transcription. Required for nuclear receptor- mediated transactivation (PubMed:18206972, PubMed:21746879). As a component of the TREX-2 complex, involved in the export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores (PubMed:23591820). FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. The transcription regulatory histone acetylation (HAT) complex SAGA is a multiprotein complex that activates transcription by remodeling chromatin and mediating histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex that specifically deubiquitinates both histones H2A and H2B. The SAGA complex is recruited to specific gene promoters by activators such as MYC, where it is required for transcription. Required for nuclear receptor- mediated transactivation. As a component of the TREX-2 complex, involved in the export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=Localization at the nuclear pore complex requires NUP153 and TPR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ENY2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the anti-1,4-elimination of the C-3 phosphate and the C-6 proR hydrogen from 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) to yield chorismate, which is the branch point compound that serves as the starting substrate for the three terminal pathways of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. This reaction introduces a second double bond into the aromatic ring system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chorismate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of tetracenomycin C (TCM C) (PubMed:7814341, PubMed:9609708). Part of a type II polyketide synthase (PKS) that catalyzes the synthesis of tetracenomycin F2 (TCM F2), a precursor of TCM C, from malonyl-CoA (PubMed:8248801, PubMed:9609708). TcmK and TcmL form a heterodimeric alpha-beta complex that catalyzes the condensation reactions between the growing acyl-enzyme chain and the malonyl-CoA extender units (PubMed:9609708). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Beta-ketoacyl-ACP synthases family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of N5-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide (N5-CAIR) to 4-carboxy-5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide (CAIR). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIR carboxylase family. Class I subfamily.


FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat), is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Acts as a dsDNA endonuclease. Involved in the integration of spacer DNA into the CRISPR cassette. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas1 family.


FUNCTION: Histone methyltransferase that trimethylates histone H3 'Lys- 36' forming H3K36me3. Involved in transcription elongation as well as in transcription repression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. HemL subfamily.


FUNCTION: May play a role in bone development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM263 family.


FUNCTION: Sialic acids are components of carbohydrate chains of glycoconjugates and are involved in cell-cell recognition and cell- pathogen interactions. Catalyzes the conversion of CMP-N- acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) into its hydroxylated derivative CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Gc), a sialic acid abundantly expressed at the surface of many cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase family.


FUNCTION: Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid using ATP as a cosubstrate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the shikimate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the 23S rRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL9 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N- acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex that catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to phosphatidylinositol and participates in the first step of GPI biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated MOCS2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MoaE family. MOCS2B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Magnesium-independent phospholipid phosphatase of the plasma membrane that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of glycerolipid and sphingolipid phosphate esters including phosphatidate/PA, lysophosphatidate/LPA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate/DGPP, sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P and ceramide 1- phosphate/C1P (PubMed:9305923, PubMed:9705349, PubMed:9607309, PubMed:10962286, PubMed:17379599). Also acts on N-oleoyl ethanolamine phosphate/N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-ethanolamine phosphate, a potential physiological compound (PubMed:9607309). Through its extracellular phosphatase activity allows both the hydrolysis and the cellular uptake of these bioactive lipid mediators from the milieu, regulating signal transduction in different cellular processes (PubMed:10962286, PubMed:12909631, PubMed:15461590, PubMed:17379599). It is for instance essential for the extracellular hydrolysis of S1P and subsequent conversion into intracellular S1P (PubMed:17379599). Involved in the regulation of inflammation, platelets activation, cell proliferation and migration among other processes (PubMed:12909631, PubMed:15461590). May also have an intracellular activity to regulate phospholipid- mediated signaling pathways (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Membrane raft; Multi-pass membrane protein Membrane, caveola; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.


FUNCTION: Seems to play a role in the dimerization of PSII. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbT family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Required during biogenesis of c-type cytochromes (cytochrome c6 and cytochrome f) at the step of heme attachment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CcmF/CycK/Ccl1/NrfE/CcsA family.


FUNCTION: Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane. Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 4Fe4S bacterial-type ferredoxin family. RnfC subfamily.


FUNCTION: The RuvA-RuvB-RuvC complex processes Holliday junction (HJ) DNA during genetic recombination and DNA repair, while the RuvA-RuvB complex plays an important role in the rescue of blocked DNA replication forks via replication fork reversal (RFR). RuvA specifically binds to HJ cruciform DNA, conferring on it an open structure. The RuvB hexamer acts as an ATP-dependent pump, pulling dsDNA into and through the RuvAB complex. HJ branch migration allows RuvC to scan DNA until it finds its consensus sequence, where it cleaves and resolves the cruciform DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuvA family.


FUNCTION: Transmembrane reductase that uses ascorbate as an electron donor in the cytoplasm and transfers electrons across membranes to reduce iron cations Fe(3+) into Fe(2+) in the lumen of the late endosome and lysosome. Reduced iron can then be extruded from the late endosome and lysosome to the cytoplasm by divalent metal-specific transporters. It is therefore most probably involved in endosomal and lysosomal cellular iron homeostasis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Late endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Has dehydrogenase activity against corticosterone (11 beta- hydroxysteroid) and estradiol (17 beta-hydroxysteroid), with higher activity against estradiol. Possesses higher dehydrogenase activity with NADP(+) than NAD(+) regardless of the sterol substrate. May be involved in signal transduction regulated by various sterols. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lipid droplet Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Note=Surface of oil bodies. Exists at a monolayer lipid/water interface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Secreted effector that contributes moderately to virulence during infection by P.capsici. Does not cause visible reaction of C.annuum for several days after inoculation, but by 7 days after inoculation, small necrotic lesions become visible. Leads only to chlorotic areas, without necrosis at 7 days after non-host N.benthamiana leaves infection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Necrosis inducing protein (NPP1) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. AsnA subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA sequence 5'-AGAAnnTTCT-3' known as heat shock promoter elements (HSE). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HSF family. Class B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-13 in transfer RNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruD family.


FUNCTION: Essential for the proper assembly of type I and type II keratin protein complexes and formation of keratin intermediate filaments in the inner root sheath (irs) (By similarity). Plays a role in the cytoskeleton organization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Anchoring subunit of the minor fimbriae. Regulates fimbrial length (PubMed:19589838). These filamentous pili are attached to the cell surface; they mediate biofilm formation, adhesion onto host cells and onto other bacteria that are part of the oral microbiome. Fimbriae of P.gingivalis are major virulence factors (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacteroidetes fimbrillin superfamily. FimB/Mfa2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha,alpha-trehalose into two molecules of D-glucose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 15 family.


FUNCTION: Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The alpha chain is a regulatory subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Nucleotidase that shows phosphatase activity on nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SurE nucleotidase family.


FUNCTION: Oxidosqualene cyclase involved in the biosynthesis of the highly oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenes cucurbitacins. Converts oxidosqualene to cucurbitadienol and does not produce lanosterol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3- isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. LeuC type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Monoterpene synthase that catalyzes the formation of (3R)- linalool from geranyl diphosphate, but not from farnesyl diphosphate or geranylgeranyl diphosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsb subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in recombination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RdgC family.


FUNCTION: This protein binds specifically to 23S rRNA. FUNCTION: The globular domain of the protein is located near the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit, while an extended beta-hairpin is found that lines the wall of the exit tunnel in the center of the 70S ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.


FUNCTION: Orphan receptor. Could be a receptor for trace amines. Trace amines are biogenic amines present in very low levels in mammalian tissues. Although some trace amines have clearly defined roles as neurotransmitters in invertebrates, the extent to which they function as true neurotransmitters in vertebrates has remained speculative. Trace amines are likely to be involved in a variety of physiological functions that have yet to be fully understood (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor which plays a key role in limb development. Positively regulates FGF8 expression in the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) and contributes to limb outgrowth in embryos (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes ureidoacrylate to form aminoacrylate and carbamate. The carbamate hydrolyzes spontaneously, thereby releasing one of the nitrogen atoms of the pyrimidine ring as ammonia and one of its carbon atoms as CO2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isochorismatase family. RutB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I NDUFB5 subunit family.


FUNCTION: Light-harvesting photosynthetic bile pigment-protein from the phycobiliprotein complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Forms the periphery of the phycobilisome rod. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycobiliprotein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of proline to tRNA(Pro) in a two- step reaction: proline is first activated by ATP to form Pro-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Pro). As ProRS can inadvertently accommodate and process non-cognate amino acids such as alanine and cysteine, to avoid such errors it has two additional distinct editing activities against alanine. One activity is designated as 'pretransfer' editing and involves the tRNA(Pro)-independent hydrolysis of activated Ala-AMP. The other activity is designated 'posttransfer' editing and involves deacylation of mischarged Ala- tRNA(Pro). The misacylated Cys-tRNA(Pro) is not edited by ProRS. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. ProS type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Participates in the second catalytic step of pre-mRNA splicing, when the free hydroxyl group of exon I attacks the 3'-splice site to generate spliced mRNA and the excised lariat intron. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLU7 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the oxidation of myo-inositol (MI) to 2-keto-myo- inositol (2KMI or 2-inosose). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase family.


FUNCTION: Proton-conducting pore forming subunit of the membrane integral V0 complex of vacuolar ATPase. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the V-ATPase proteolipid subunit family.


FUNCTION: Component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The SCF complex plays a crucial role in regulating response to auxin and is essential for growth and development. Through the RING-type zinc finger, seems to recruit the E2 ubiquitination enzyme, to the complex and brings it into close proximity to the substrate. Promotes the neddylation of CUL1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RING-box family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SAICAR synthetase family.