FUNCTION: Cysteine proteinase (PubMed:9836431). Hydrolyzes denatured natural substrates such as casein, hemoglobin, azoalbumin and azocasein with a high specific activity (PubMed:9836431). Has little or no activity against synthetic substrates (PubMed:9836431). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: May function as part of the axonemal radial spoke complex 3 (RS3) (Probable). Radial spoke complexes are important for ciliary motility (PubMed:34871179). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium axoneme.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0652 family.


FUNCTION: Probable RNA-dependent helicase. Functions in cell growth and proliferation. May have a role in ribosome biogenesis and, consequently, in protein biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX18/HAS1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Positive regulator of sigma-B activity. Non-phosphorylated RsbV binds to RsbW, preventing its association with sigma-B. When phosphorylated, releases RsbW, which is then free to complex with and inactivate sigma-B. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anti-sigma-factor antagonist family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex), which is a respiratory chain that generates an electrochemical potential coupled to ATP synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Probable sugar transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleotide-sugar transporter family. SLC35B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes sodium in exchange for external protons. Shows also high Ca(2+)/H(+) antiporter activity at alkaline pH. Does not catalyze exchange between Li(+) and H(+). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the unc-5 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The rar/rxr heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 (By similarity). Required for hindbrain development and, in lateral plate mesoderm, for specification of the pectoral fins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the final reduction of the elongation cycle of fatty acid synthesis (FAS II). Catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of a carbon-carbon double bond in an enoyl moiety that is covalently linked to an acyl carrier protein (ACP). It can use both crotonyl-CoA and crotonyl-ACP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TER reductase family.


FUNCTION: Murein-degrading enzyme. May play a role in recycling of muropeptides during cell elongation and/or cell division. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transglycosylase Slt family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asparaginase 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA-Fuc4NAc (Lipid III), the third lipid-linked intermediate involved in ECA synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 56 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for oxytocin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2- bound GDP for GTP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2B gamma/epsilon subunits family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(i) proteins are involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: they inhibit the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. May play a role in cell division. FUNCTION: [Isoform sGi2]: Regulates the cell surface density of dopamine receptors DRD2 by sequestrating them as an intracellular pool. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cell membrane Membrane; Lipid-anchor Note=Localizes in the centrosomes of interphase and mitotic cells. Detected at the cleavage furrow and/or the midbody. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(i/o/t/z) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Promotes the exchange of GDP for GTP in EF-1-alpha/GDP, thus allowing the regeneration of EF-1-alpha/GTP that could then be used to form the ternary complex EF-1-alpha/GTP/AAtRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EF-1-beta/EF-1-delta family.


FUNCTION: Component of an export pathway for enterobactin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. EntS (TC 2.A.1.38) family.


FUNCTION: Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin/cytochrome c6-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YejK family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Spore coat. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CotF family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits host immune defense by binding to host TNF and various chemokines in the extracellular space. Binds host CC chemokines (beta chemokines) and CXC chemokines (alpha chemokines). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG002 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. ArgA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of some SCF (SKP1-cullin-F-box) protein ligase complex that plays a central role in iron homeostasis by promoting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of ireb2/irp2. Upon high iron and oxygen level, it specifically recognizes and binds ireb2/irp2, promoting its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of L-tartarate from L-ascorbate (PubMed:31488549). Catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of 2- dehydro-L-idonate (2-keto-L-gulonate) to L-idonate (PubMed:31488549). Can also reduce hydroxypyruvate to glycerate, glyoxylate to glycolate and pyruvate to D-lactate (PubMed:31488549). Prefers NADPH to NADH as proton donor (PubMed:31488549). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in membrane trafficking in the early secretory pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Processively dephosphorylates 'Ser-5' but not 'Ser-2' of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB1). This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II. Together with CPL2, required for male gametes fertility. Multifunctional regulator that modulates plant growth, stress, and phytohormones responses. Negative regulator of stress gene transcription involved in abscisic acid (ABA) mediated and jasmonic acid (JA) mediated signaling pathways, NaCl, osmotic stress, wounding, and cold resistance. Regulates negatively the expression of jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthetic genes in response to wounding (PubMed:11874572, PubMed:12149434, PubMed:12149453, PubMed:15388846, PubMed:18506580, PubMed:18764923). Forms a complex with RCF3 that modulates co- transcriptional processes such as mRNA capping and polyadenylation, and functions to repress stress-inducible gene expression (PubMed:23874224). Dephosphorylates RCF3 (PubMed:26227967). Involved in the dephosphorylation of EIF4A3. This dephosphorylation retains EIF4A3 in the nucleus and limits its accumulation in the cytoplasm. Is essential for the degradation of the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) transcripts (PubMed:26887918). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus speckle.


FUNCTION: Supplies the nucleotide substrate for thymidylate synthetase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


FUNCTION: Single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase. Involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes by deaminating C to U during transcription of Ig-variable (V) and Ig-switch (S) region DNA. Required for several crucial steps of B-cell terminal differentiation necessary for efficient antibody responses (PubMed:18722174, PubMed:21385873, PubMed:21518874, PubMed:27716525). May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation (PubMed:21496894). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=Predominantly cytosolic (PubMed:21385873). In the presence of MCM3AP/GANP, relocalizes to the nucleus (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin O1 superfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Mediates inactivation of the TORC1 complex in response to amino acid starvation. Required for meiotic nuclear division (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NPR3 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Note=Mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane and spatially aligned with the membrane insertion machinery through two distinct membrane contact sites, formed by the 21S rRNA expansion segment 96-ES1 and the inner membrane protein MBA1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrion-specific ribosomal protein mS43 family.


FUNCTION: Small subunit of the diol dehydratase-reactivating factor (DDR), which reactivates suicidally inhibited adenosylcobalamin- dependent diol dehydratase (DD, pddA, pddB, pddC). DDR acts as a chaperone, reactivates inactivated DD holoenzyme in the presence of ATP, Mg(2+) and free adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl), by mediating the exchange of the tightly bound damaged cofactor AdoCbl for a free intact one (PubMed:9405397, PubMed:9920879, PubMed:10529189, PubMed:17916188, PubMed:18586770, PubMed:21040475). Reactivation takes place in two steps: ADP-dependent cobalamin release, and ATP-dependent dissociation of the DD apoenzyme-DDR complex. DDR has weak ATPase activity which is required for DD reactivation (PubMed:10529189, PubMed:17916188, PubMed:21040475). Activates glycerol-inactivated, O2-inactivated holoenzyme and inactivated enzyme-cyanocobalamin complex (PubMed:9920879). Also reactivates glycerol-inactivated hologlycerol dehydratase, a DD isozyme (PubMed:17916188). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DdrB/PduH family.


FUNCTION: Chalkophore involved in scavenging, uptake and suppression of toxicity of copper. Each apo-methanobactin (apo-mb) complexes 1 Cu(2+) or Cu(1+) ion to form Cu(1+)-mb (Cu-mb) which is then taken up by the cell. Enhances growth rate in the presence of copper and reduces growth lag upon exposition to elevated levels of copper. Cu-mb contributes to the switchover from soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) to the membrane-bound particulate MMO (pMMO) by inducing transcription of pMMO subunit A. It also stimulates the enzymatic activity of pMMO. In the absence of copper, binds other metal ions, like Zn(2+), Ag(1+), Au(3+), Co(2+), Cd(2+), Fe(3+), Hg(2+), Mn(2+), Ni(2+), Pb(2+) or U(6+), but not Ba(2+), Ca(2+), La(2+), Mg(2+) or Sr(2+). Uptake is an active process, which may involve TonB-dependent transporters, and as such does not involve porins. Cu-Mb can be taken up by other methanotrophic bacteria but not by E.coli. Has Cu-dependent superoxide dismutase-like activity. Shows reductant-dependent oxidase and hydrogen peroxide reductase activities. Reduces copper-levels in liver in a rat model of Wilson disease. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Cytoplasm. Note=Secreted as apo-mb, uptake into the cytoplasm in complex with copper as Cu-mb. In the cytoplasm, Cu-mb is associated with the cell membrane.


FUNCTION: May function in a SRP (signal recognition particle) and GET (guided entry of tail-anchored proteins) independent pathway for targeting a broad range of substrate proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. Involved in inorganic phosphate uptake. Also involved in telomere length regulation and maintenance (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PHO88 family.


SIMILARITY: To M.tuberculosis Rv3402c.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved both in the piRNA and miRNA metabolic processes. As a component of the meiotic nuage, plays a central role during oogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Repression of transposable elements is mediated via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the repression of transposons. As a nuclear component, it is required for proper differentiation in the germline stem cell (GSC) lineage by repressing microRNA-7 (miR-7), thereby acting as an indirect regulator of bag-of-marbles (Bam). Acts by binding to the promoter of miR-7 gene and repressing its expression; miR-7 repression alleviates the Bam repression by miR-7, thereby allowing differentiation in the germline stem cell (GSC) lineage (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Note=Component of the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during meiosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the maelstrom family.


FUNCTION: DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


FUNCTION: Together with IFNAR2, forms the heterodimeric receptor for type I interferons (including interferons alpha, beta, epsilon, omega and kappa) (PubMed:8318540). Type I interferon binding activates the JAK-STAT signaling cascade, resulting in transcriptional activation or repression of interferon-regulated genes that encode the effectors of the interferon response (By similarity). Mechanistically, type I interferon-binding brings the IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 subunits into close proximity with one another, driving their associated Janus kinases (JAKs) (TYK2 bound to IFNAR1 and JAK1 bound to IFNAR2) to cross- phosphorylate one another (By similarity). The activated kinases phosphorylate specific tyrosine residues on the intracellular domains of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2, forming docking sites for the STAT transcription factors (By similarity). STAT proteins are then phosphorylated by the JAKs, promoting their translocation into the nucleus to regulate expression of interferon-regulated genes (By similarity). Can also act independently of IFNAR2: form an active IFNB1 receptor by itself and activate a signaling cascade that does not involve activation of the JAK-STAT pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Late endosome Lysosome Note=Interferon binding triggers internalization of the receptor from the cell membrane into endosomes and then into lysosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type II cytokine receptor family.


FUNCTION: Initiates complement activation and/or interferes in platelet aggregation and/or blood coagulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ficolin lectin family. Veficolin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Blocks the Nav1.2/SCN2A, Nav1.4/SCN4A, and Nav1.6/SCN8A sodium channels. Reduces the peak amplitude of the sodium current and negatively shifts the steady-state inactivation process. Does not shift the threshold potential of activation or the voltage corresponding to maximal current. Does not change the reversal potential of the sodium current. May act on site 1 of the receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 01 (U2-agtx) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the binding and/or turnover of quinones at the Q(B) site of Photosystem II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbX family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria B.subtilis (MIC=76 ug/ml) and S.aureus (MIC=80 ug/ml), and against Gram-negative bacteria E.coli (MIC=82 ug/ml) and P.aeruginosa (MIC=79 ug/ml). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space.


FUNCTION: Phosphatase 2A affects a variety of biological processes in the cell such as transcription, cell cycle progression and cellular morphogenesis, and provides an initial identification of critical substrates for this phosphatase. The regulatory subunit may direct the catalytic subunit to distinct, albeit overlapping, subsets of substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit B family.


FUNCTION: GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; regulates endocytic recycling and cytoskeleton remodeling. May modulate vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus. May contribute to the regulation of dendritic branching, filopodia extension and dendritic spine development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor Recycling endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor Cell projection, filopodium membrane; Lipid-anchor Cell projection, ruffle Cleavage furrow Midbody, Midbody ring Note=Distributed uniformly on the plasma membrane, as well as throughout the cytoplasm during metaphase. Subsequently concentrated at patches in the equatorial region at the onset of cytokinesis, and becomes distributed in the equatorial region concurrent with cleavage furrow ingression. In late stages of cytokinesis, concentrates at the midbody ring/Flemming body. After abscission of the intercellular bridge, incorporated into one of the daughter cells as a midbody remnant and localizes to punctate structures beneath the plasma membrane (By similarity). Recruited to the cell membrane in association with CYTH2 and ARL4C. Colocalizes with DAB2IP at the plasma membrane and endocytic vesicles. Myristoylation is required for proper localization to membranes (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.


FUNCTION: Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. While most salt water fish species use retinal as chromophore, most freshwater fish use 3-dehydroretinal, or a mixture of retinal and 3-dehydroretinal (PubMed:18422881). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by arrestin and terminates signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment Note=Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to disk membranes in the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Protein S, induced in large amounts during fruiting body formation, assembles on the surface of myxospores in the presence of calcium ions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta/gamma-crystallin family.


FUNCTION: Assembles the procapsid by joining twelve 12S pre-assembly complex into a T=1 icosahedral particle, called 108S procapsid. Ten proteins D bind each 12S complex, which are formed by three pentamers of F, G, B protein and a H protein. The scaffolding protein is released from the provirion after genome packaging to form the mature virion. FUNCTION: Assembles the procapsid by joining twelve 12S pre-assembly complex into a T=1 icosahedral particle, called 108S procapsid. Ten proteins D bind each 12S complex, which are formed by three pentamers of F, G, B protein and a H protein. The scaffolding protein is released from the provirion after genome packaging to form the mature virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the microvirus D protein family.


FUNCTION: Promotes absorption of the essential vitamin cobalamin (Cbl) in the ileum. After interaction with CUBN, the CBLIF-cobalamin complex is internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic cobalamin transport proteins family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TUB family.


FUNCTION: Neurotoxin. Selectively blocks neuronal tetrodotoxin- sensitive voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav). Does not affect tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channels or calcium channels. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 22 (Htx-4) subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0125 (RnfH) family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common core component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 5 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 8 family.


FUNCTION: Sterol 14alpha-demethylase that plays a critical role in the third module of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, being ergosterol the major sterol component in cell membranes that participates in a variety of functions. Starting from lanosterol (lanosta-8,24-dien-3beta-ol), it catalyzes the three-step oxidative removal of the 14alpha-methyl group (C-32) of the sterol in the form of formate, and converts the sterol to 4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholesta-8,14,24-trien-3beta-ol, which is critical for ergosterol biosynthesis. Can demethylate susbtrates not intrinsic to yeast, such as eburicol (24-methylene-24,25-dihydrolanosterol) at a similar rate to lanosterol, and at a lower rate the 24,25- dihydrolanosterol (DHL) to 4,4-dimethyl-8,14-cholestadien-3beta-ol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic component of the histone acetylase B (HAT-B) complex. Acetylates 'Lys-12' of free histone H4 in the cytoplasm. The complex is also found in the nucleus, however it is not certain that it modifies histone H4 when packaged in chromatin. Histone H4 'Lys-12' acetylation is required for telomeric silencing. Has intrinsic substrate specificity that modifies lysine in recognition sequence GXGKXG. Involved in DNA double-strand break repair. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAT1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in meiotic recombination. Facilitate crossovers between homologs during meiosis (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein transport. Non-ribosomal factor required for efficient nuclear export of the ribosomal 40S subunit. May participate in intracellular sorting of GAP1 out of the endosome (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LTV1 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in meiotic resumption and pronuclear formation, mediated by a WW domain-signaling pathway during fertilization.


FUNCTION: [Venom peptide 7.1]: Has a weak inhibitory effect on voltage- gated sodium channel Nav1.5/SCN5A. Inhibits acetylcholine esterase in vitro. Increases interleukin-6 secretion from macrophages in vitro. Has no antifungal, antiviral or cytotoxic activity. FUNCTION: [Venom peptide 7.2]: Strongly inhibits acetylcholine esterase in vitro. Increases Il-6 secretion from macrophages in vitro. Has no antifungal, antiviral or cytotoxic activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily. Short antimicrobial peptide (group 4) family.


FUNCTION: Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre- rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre- ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome. FUNCTION: Substrate-recognition component of a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Note=In the nucleolus, localizes predominantly in the granular component, but also detected in the fibrillar center and dense fibrillar component. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M20A family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of the carotenoid synthesis regulon. It is probably inactivated by protoporphyrin IX in the presence of blue light. Inactivation of CarR leads to loss of negative control over the carotenogenesis protein CarQ. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0346 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA- precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Also functions as a cell surface receptor for laminin. Plays a role in cell adhesion to the basement membrane and in the consequent activation of signaling transduction pathways. May play a role in cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Also acts as a receptor for several other ligands, including the pathogenic prion protein, viruses, and bacteria. Acts as a PPP1R16B-dependent substrate of PPP1CA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=67LR is found at the surface of the plasma membrane, with its C-terminal laminin-binding domain accessible to extracellular ligands. 37LRP is found at the cell surface, in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Colocalizes with PPP1R16B in the cell membrane (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS2 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family.


FUNCTION: Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaE family.


FUNCTION: Involved in de novo DNA methylation. Involved in RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. DRM-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Transfers a fatty acid residue from the sn-1 position of a phospholipid to the N-linked hydroxyfatty acid chain on the proximal unit of lipid A or its precursors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipid A palmitoyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Thought to be responsible for DNA condensation during packaging of the nucleocapsids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion.


FUNCTION: Component of the EKC/KEOPS complex that is required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. The complex is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. BUD32 has ATPase activity in the context of the EKC/KEOPS complex and likely plays a supporting role to the catalytic subunit KAE1. The EKC/KEOPS complex also promotes both telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. The complex is required for efficient recruitment of transcriptional coactivators. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosome, telomere. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. BUD32 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL14 family.


FUNCTION: PPIase that acts as a histone chaperone. Histone proline isomerase that increases the rate of cis-trans isomerization at prolines on the histone H3 N-terminal tail. Proline isomerization influences H3 methylation thereby regulating gene expression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP3/4 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HHV-5 RL10 protein family.


FUNCTION: Palmitoyltransferase specific for casein kinase 1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Early endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. AKR/ZDHHC17 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Subunit of the 11S REG-gamma (also called PA28-gamma) proteasome regulator, a doughnut-shaped homoheptamer which associates with the proteasome. 11S REG-gamma activates the trypsin-like catalytic subunit of the proteasome but inhibits the chymotrypsin-like and postglutamyl-preferring (PGPH) subunits. Facilitates the MDM2-p53/TP53 interaction which promotes ubiquitination- and MDM2-dependent proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53, limiting its accumulation and resulting in inhibited apoptosis after DNA damage. May also be involved in cell cycle regulation. Mediates CCAR2 and CHEK2-dependent SIRT1 inhibition (PubMed:25361978). FUNCTION: Subunit of the 11S REG-gamma (also called PA28-gamma) proteasome regulator, a doughnut-shaped homoheptamer which associates with the proteasome. 11S REG-gamma activates the trypsin-like catalytic subunit of the proteasome but inhibits the chymotrypsin-like and postglutamyl-preferring (PGPH) subunits. Facilitates the MDM2-p53/TP53 interaction which promotes ubiquitination- and MDM2-dependent proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53, limiting its accumulation and resulting in inhibited apoptosis after DNA damage. May also be involved in cell cycle regulation. Mediates CCAR2 and CHEK2-dependent SIRT1 inhibition (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to the cytoplasm during mitosis following nuclear envelope breakdown at this distinct stage of the cell cycle which allows its interaction with MAP3K3 kinase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to the cytoplasm during mitosis following nuclear envelope breakdown at this distinct stage of the cell cycle which allows its interaction with MAP3K3 kinase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to the cytoplasm during mitosis following nuclear envelope breakdown at this distinct stage of the cell cycle which allows its interaction with MAP3K3 kinase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PA28 family.


FUNCTION: May play at role in testicular development/spermatogenesis and may be an important factor in male infertility. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex, which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BamB family.


FUNCTION: Binds double-stranded RNA.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the poxviruses Kelch family.


FUNCTION: Regulator of autophagy that promotes autophagosome maturation by facilitating the biogenesis of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) in late steps of autophagy (PubMed:28306502, PubMed:30704899). Acts by antagonizing RUBCN, thereby stimulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity of the PI3K/PI3KC3 complex (PubMed:28306502). Following anchorage to the autophagosomal SNARE STX17, promotes the recruitment of PI3K/PI3KC3 and HOPS complexes to the autophagosome to regulate the fusion specificity of autophagosomes with late endosomes/lysosomes (PubMed:28306502). Binds phosphoinositides phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), 4- phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) and 5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P) (PubMed:28306502). In addition to its role in autophagy, acts as a regulator of lipid and glycogen homeostasis (By similarity). May act as a tumor suppressor (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Associates with late autophagic structure (PubMed:28306502). Recruitment to autophagosome membrane is promoted by autophagic stimuli (PubMed:28306502).


FUNCTION: Has no flavonol 3-O-glucoside (1->6) rhamnosyltransferase activity in vitro.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and transfers it to substrates, generally promoting their degradation by the proteasome. Negatively regulates TCR (T-cell receptor), BCR (B-cell receptor) and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor) signal transduction pathways. In naive T-cells, inhibits VAV1 activation upon TCR engagement and imposes a requirement for CD28 costimulation for proliferation and IL-2 production. Also acts by promoting PIK3R1/p85 ubiquitination, which impairs its recruitment to the TCR and subsequent activation. In activated T-cells, inhibits PLCG1 activation and calcium mobilization upon restimulation and promotes anergy. In B-cells, acts by ubiquitinating SYK and promoting its proteasomal degradation. Slightly promotes SRC ubiquitination. May be involved in EGFR ubiquitination and internalization. May be functionally coupled with the E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase UB2D3. In association with CBL, required for proper feedback inhibition of ciliary platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) signaling pathway via ubiquitination and internalization of PDGFRA (PubMed:29237719). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=In adipocytes, translocates to the plasma membrane upon insulin stimulation.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the stereospecific hydrolysis of the cyclic amide bond of D-hydantoin derivatives. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Hydantoinase/dihydropyrimidinase family.


FUNCTION: Ethanolaminephosphotransferase that catalyzes the transfer of phosphoethanolamine/PE from CDP-ethanolamine to lipid acceptors, the final step in the synthesis of PE via the 'Kennedy' pathway. PE is the second most abundant phospholipid of membranes in mammals and is involved in various membrane-related cellular processes. The enzyme is critical for the synthesis of several PE species and could also catalyze the synthesis of ether-linked phospholipids like plasmanyl- and plasmenyl-PE which could explain it is required for proper myelination and neurodevelopment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase class-I family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNA1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May have an important role in the development and/or progression of some cancers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LDOC1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. LeuB type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: This is 1 of the proteins that binds and probably mediates the attachment of the 5S RNA into the large ribosomal subunit, where it forms part of the central protuberance. In the 70S ribosome it contacts protein S13 of the 30S subunit (bridge B1b), connecting the 2 subunits; this bridge is implicated in subunit movement. May contact the P site tRNA; the 5S rRNA and some of its associated proteins might help stabilize positioning of ribosome-bound tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.


FUNCTION: Produces green light. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the repair of double-strand breaks in DNA during vegetative growth via recombination and single-strand annealing. Anneals complementary single-stranded DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RAD52 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rad9 family.


FUNCTION: Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most Rab proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. Promotes the dissociation of GDP-bound Rab proteins from the membrane and inhibits their activation. Promotes the dissociation of RAB1A, RAB3A, RAB5A and RAB10 from membranes (By similarity). FUNCTION: Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of most Rab proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. Promotes the dissociation of GDP-bound Rab proteins from the membrane and inhibits their activation. Promotes the dissociation of RAB1A, RAB3A, RAB5A and RAB10 from membranes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Golgi apparatus, trans- Golgi network. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Rab GDI family.


FUNCTION: Positive regulator required for energy stress activation of the sigma-B transcription factor. Could be required for RsbP phosphatase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Conversion of glycerol 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone. Uses fumarate or nitrate as electron acceptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Loosely bound to the cytoplasmic membrane often occurring in vesicles associated with fumarate reductase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anaerobic G-3-P dehydrogenase subunit B family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in plant defense. Probably has no oxalate oxidase activity even if the active site is conserved. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the germin family.


FUNCTION: Muscle-specific component of the BAF complex, a multiprotein complex involved in transcriptional activation and repression of select genes by chromatin remodeling (alteration of DNA-nucleosome topology). Specifically binds acetylated lysines on histone 3 and 4. In the complex, it acts as a tissue-specific anchor between histone acetylations and methylations and chromatin remodeling. Belongs to the neuron-specific chromatin remodeling complex (nBAF complex) and may play a role in neural development (By similarity). Plays an essential role in heart and skeletal muscle development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Has a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity of HSP70 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and hence acts as a co- chaperone of HSP70. Plays an indispensable role in the organization of KRT8/KRT18 filaments. Acts as an endogenous molecular chaperone for neuronal proteins including huntingtin. Suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine-containing, aggregation-prone proteins. Also reduces cellular toxicity and caspase-3 activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Binds double-stranded DNA tightly but without sequence specificity. It is distributed uniformly and abundantly on the chromosome, suggesting a role in chromatin architecture. However, it does not significantly compact DNA. Binds rRNA and mRNA in vivo. May play a role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of RNA, and, perhaps, ribosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone-like Alba family.


FUNCTION: Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane. Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 4Fe4S bacterial-type ferredoxin family. RnfB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Can influence paracellular permeability. Appears to be involved in cell-cell interactions through adherens. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, adherens junction Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Colocalizes with the beta-catenin adherins.


FUNCTION: Is potently cytotoxic (EC(50) value 79 ng/mL) towards L1210 mouse leukemia cells, has hemagglutination activity on sheep erythrocytes, and is lethal in crayfish. Has no phospholipase A2 activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Nematocyst. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dermatopontin family.


FUNCTION: Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. Binds to the complete atypical dif motif (difH) site and to both halves separately. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family. XerH subfamily.


FUNCTION: When overexpressed kill the cells from the inside by interfering with a vital function in the cell membrane. FUNCTION: Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system (By similarity). Toxic component of a type I toxin-antitoxin (TA) system (By similarity). When expressed is involved in cellular Mg(2+) release and degradation of stable RNA (PubMed:2465777). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Hok/Gef family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. WaaE/KdtX subfamily.


FUNCTION: Outward rectifying potassium channel. Produces rapidly activating and non-inactivating outward rectifier K(+) currents. Activated by arachidonic acid and other naturally occurring unsaturated free fatty acids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the scoloptoxin-16 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. Additional complex functions may be a consequence of its influence on mRNA expression. Involved in down- regulation of MYB- and JUN-dependent transcription. Enhances ligand- dependent transcriptional activity of nuclear hormone receptors. May play a role in cell differentiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, P-body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CNOT9 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. DHA1 family. MdtG (TC 2.A.1.2.20) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of propionyl phosphate and ADP to propionate and ATP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetokinase family. TdcD subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BZR/LAT61 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as an interleukin receptor which binds interleukin- 12 with low affinity and is involved in IL12 transduction. Associated with IL12RB2 it forms a functional, high affinity receptor for IL12. Associates also with IL23R to form the interleukin-23 receptor which functions in IL23 signal transduction probably through activation of the Jak-Stat signaling cascade. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cytokine that acts as a ligand to CD40/TNFRSF5 (By similarity). Costimulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production (By similarity). Its cross-linking on T-cells generates a costimulatory signal which enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in conjunction with the TCR/CD3 ligation and CD28 costimulation (By similarity). Induces the activation of NF-kappa-B (By similarity). Induces the activation of kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells (By similarity). Mediates B-cell proliferation in the absence of co-stimulus as well as IgE production in the presence of IL4 (By similarity). Involved in immunoglobulin class switching (By similarity). FUNCTION: [CD40 ligand, soluble form]: Acts as a ligand for integrins, specifically ITGA5:ITGB1 and ITGAV:ITGB3; both integrins and the CD40 receptor are required for activation of CD40-CD40LG signaling, which have cell-type dependent effects, such as B-cell activation, NF-kappa-B signaling and anti-apoptotic signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [CD40 ligand, soluble form]: Secreted Note=Release of soluble CD40L from platelets is partially regulated by GP IIb/IIIa, actin polymerization, and a matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor-sensitive pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tumor necrosis factor family.


FUNCTION: Involved in DNA recombination. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RmuC family.


FUNCTION: Positively regulates dimethylation of two adjacent adenosines in the loop of a conserved hairpin near the 3'-end of 18S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PNO1 family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. Seems to control the nucleotide-dependent binding of mitochondrial HSP70 to substrate proteins (By similarity). FUNCTION: Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner (By similarity). Seems to control the nucleotide-dependent binding of mitochondrial HSP70 to substrate proteins (PubMed:11311562). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GrpE family.


FUNCTION: eIF-2 functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EIF2G subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tic20 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP or glycerone phosphate) to glycerol 1- phosphate (G1P). The G1P thus generated is used as the glycerophosphate backbone of phospholipids in the cellular membranes of Archaea. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Is the main repressor of the genes involved in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides, regulating purB, purC, purEK, purF, purHD, purL, purMN and guaBA expression. PurR is allosterically activated to bind its cognate DNA by binding the purine corepressors, hypoxanthine or guanine, thereby effecting transcription repression.


FUNCTION: Promotes matrix assembly and cell adhesiveness. Plays a role in spinal cord formation by regulating the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.


FUNCTION: [p6-gag]: Plays a role in budding of the assembled particle by interacting with the host class E VPS proteins TSG101 and PDCD6IP/AIP1. FUNCTION: [Gag polyprotein]: Mediates, with Gag-Pol polyprotein, the essential events in virion assembly, including binding the plasma membrane, making the protein-protein interactions necessary to create spherical particles, recruiting the viral Env proteins, and packaging the genomic RNA via direct interactions with the RNA packaging sequence (Psi). FUNCTION: [Nucleocapsid protein p7]: Encapsulates and protects viral dimeric unspliced genomic RNA (gRNA). Binds these RNAs through its zinc fingers. Acts as a nucleic acid chaperone which is involved in rearangement of nucleic acid secondary structure during gRNA retrotranscription. Also facilitates template switch leading to recombination. As part of the polyprotein, participates in gRNA dimerization, packaging, tRNA incorporation and virion assembly. FUNCTION: [Capsid protein p24]: Forms the conical core that encapsulates the genomic RNA-nucleocapsid complex in the virion. Most core are conical, with only 7% tubular. The core is constituted by capsid protein hexamer subunits. The core is disassembled soon after virion entry (By similarity). The capsid promotes immune invasion by cloaking viral DNA from CGAS detection (By similarity). Host restriction factors such as TRIM5-alpha or TRIMCyp bind retroviral capsids and cause premature capsid disassembly, leading to blocks in reverse transcription. Capsid restriction by TRIM5 is one of the factors which restricts HIV-1 to the human species. Host PIN1 apparently facilitates the virion uncoating (By similarity). On the other hand, interactions with PDZD8 or CYPA stabilize the capsid (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Matrix protein p17]: Targets the polyprotein to the plasma membrane via a multipartite membrane-binding signal, that includes its myristoylated N-terminus (By similarity). Matrix protein is part of the pre-integration complex. Implicated in the release from host cell mediated by Vpu. Binds to RNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Nucleocapsid protein p7]: Virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Capsid protein p24]: Virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Matrix protein p17]: Virion membrane; Lipid-anchor Host nucleus Host cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gag polyprotein]: Host cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Host endosome, host multivesicular body Note=These locations are probably linked to virus assembly sites. The main location is the cell membrane, but under some circumstances, late endosomal compartments can serve as productive sites for virion assembly. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the primate lentivirus group gag polyprotein family.


FUNCTION: Might play a role in cell growth during glycolysis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tfa family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0316 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) to form 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine (L-3OHKyn). Required for synthesis of quinolinic acid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aromatic-ring hydroxylase family. KMO subfamily.


FUNCTION: PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex MalEFGK involved in maltose/maltodextrin import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. MalFG subfamily.


FUNCTION: Releases the N-terminal proline from various substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S33 family.


FUNCTION: Possesses weak insulin-releasing activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Acts as a high affinity receptor for both nicotinic acid (also known as niacin) and (D)-beta-hydroxybutyrate and mediates increased adiponectin secretion and decreased lipolysis through G(i)- protein-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. This pharmacological effect requires nicotinic acid doses that are much higher than those provided by a normal diet. Mediates nicotinic acid-induced apoptosis in mature neutrophils. Receptor activation by nicotinic acid results in reduced cAMP levels which may affect activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and phosphorylation of target proteins, leading to neutrophil apoptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily. Short antimicrobial peptide (group 4) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in 'Cys-type' sulfatase maturation under anaerobic conditions. Catalyzes the post-translational modification of cysteine into 3-oxoalanine (also known as C(alpha)-formylglycine (FGly)), by a free radical chemical mechanism initiated via the reductive cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Part of the CASK/TBR1/TSPYL2 transcriptional complex which modulates gene expression in response to neuronal synaptic activity, probably by facilitating nucleosome assembly. May inhibit cell proliferation by inducing p53-dependent CDKN1A expression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Enriched in transcriptionally active regions of chromatin in neurons. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.


FUNCTION: Molecular adapter that acts as a bridge between proteins, and which is involved skeletal muscle development. Functions as signal transducer for MSTN during skeletal muscle regeneration and myogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the akirin family.


FUNCTION: Releases the N-terminal proline from various substrates including at least dipeptides Pro-Pro, Pro-Gln, Pro-Trp and Pro-Tyr. Acts also on amides (Pro-beta NA) and oligopeptides including Pro-Leu- GlyNH2, Pro-Leu-Gly, Pro-Phe-Gly-Lys, Pro-Pro-Ala-OBut and Pro-Pro-Gly- (Pro-Pro-Gly)(4). Higher activity toward small peptides (up to three residues), but very low activity for longer peptides. Has no activity against p-nitrophenyl acetate, poly_L-proline, Met-Pro or amino acyl amides other than Pro-betaNA (Pyr-betaNA, Phe-betaNA, Cys-betaNA, Met- betaNA, Leu-betaNA, Ala-betaNA and Z-Gly-Pro-betaNA). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S33 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in cytokinesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell tip Cell septum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CYK3 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome assembly machinery. Nuclear paralog of the ribosomal protein P0, it binds pre-60S subunits at an early stage of assembly in the nucleolus, and is replaced by P0 in cytoplasmic pre-60S subunits and mature 80S ribosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.


FUNCTION: May catalyze a purine salvage reaction, the substrate is unknown. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. Archaeal HPRT subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Cell junction, plasmodesma.


FUNCTION: Required for maturation of ribosomal RNAs and formation of the large ribosomal subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pescadillo family.


FUNCTION: According to PubMed:15187158 isoform 4 is a receptor for the CD200 cell surface glycoprotein. According to PubMed:16081818 isoform 4 is not a receptor for the CD200/OX2 cell surface glycoprotein. Isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 are involved in the recruitment or surface expression of the TYROBP receptor. Isoform 6, isoform 7 and isoform 8 are not involved in the recruitment or surface expression of the TYROBP receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD200R family.


FUNCTION: May hydrolyze 6-aminopenicillinic acid and 7- aminocephalosporanic acid (ACA) derivatives. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hcp beta-lactamase family.


FUNCTION: Binds and transactivates the retinoic acid response elements that control expression of the retinoic acid receptor beta 2 and alcohol dehydrogenase 3 genes. Transactivates both the phenobarbital responsive element module of the human CYP2B6 gene and the CYP3A4 xenobiotic response element (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=Recruited to the cytoplasm by DNAJC7. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of multi- L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer) into aspartate-arginine dipeptides. FUNCTION: Exopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of multi- L-arginyl-poly-L-aspartic acid (cyanophycin; a water-insoluble reserve polymer) into aspartate-arginine dipeptides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S51 family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the helicase/primase complex. Unwinds the DNA at the replication forks and generates single-stranded DNA for both leading and lagging strand synthesis. The primase initiates primer synthesis and thereby produces large amount of short RNA primers on the lagging strand that the polymerase elongates using dNTPs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus Note=Requires the presence of the primase associated factor to properly localize in the host cell nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae DNA primase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the four-electron reduction of biliverdin IX-alpha (2-electron reduction at both the A and D rings); the reaction proceeds via an isolatable 2-electron intermediate, 181,182-dihydrobiliverdin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HY2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GhrB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes which are proposed to couple cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, adherens junction Cell junction, desmosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Cytoplasmic in a soluble and membrane-associated form. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-catenin family.


FUNCTION: Binds 5S rRNA, forms part of the central protuberance of the 50S subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL18 family.


FUNCTION: SASP are bound to spore DNA. They are double-stranded DNA- binding proteins that cause DNA to change to an a-like conformation. They protect the DNA backbone from chemical and enzymatic cleavage and are thus involved in dormant spore's high resistance to UV light. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha/beta-type SASP family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the asymmetric conversion of racemic 5- substituted hydantoins to the corresponding L-amino acids. HyuA and HyuB are both required for the conversion of D- and L-5-substituted hydantoins to corresponding N-carbamoyl-D- and N-carbamoyl-L-amino acids, respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HyuB family.


FUNCTION: Activating cyclin for the cyclin-associated kinase CDK10. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin-like FAM58 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser). Is also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type-2 seryl-tRNA synthetase subfamily.


FUNCTION: The interaction of the RSA site and the PRE protein may not only serves a function in plasmid maintenance, but may also contributes to the distribution of small antibiotic resistance plasmids among Gram- positive bacteria. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plasmid mobilization pre family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes the non-reducing end N-acetyl-D-hexosamine and/or sulfated N-acetyl-D-hexosamine of glycoconjugates, such as the oligosaccharide moieties from proteins and neutral glycolipids, or from certain mucopolysaccharides. The isozyme B does not hydrolyze each of these substrates, however hydrolyzes efficiently neutral oligosaccharide. Only the isozyme A is responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides in the presence of GM2A (By similarity). During fertilization is responsible, at least in part, for the zona block to polyspermy. Present in the cortical granules of non-activated oocytes, is exocytosed during the cortical reaction in response to oocyte activation and inactivates the sperm galactosyltransferase-binding site, accounting for the block in sperm binding to the zona pellucida (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, Cortical granule. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.


FUNCTION: This protein is required for viral late gene expression.


FUNCTION: Envelope glycoprotein that binds to host cell entry receptors. May trigger fusion with host membrane, by recruiting the fusion machinery composed of gB and gH/gL (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=During virion morphogenesis, this protein probably accumulates in the endosomes and trans-Golgi where secondary envelopment occurs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae glycoprotein D family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of thymidine monophosphate (dTMP) to thymidine diphosphate (dTDP), the immediate precursor for the DNA building block dTTP, with ATP as the preferred phosphoryl donor in the presence of Mg(2+). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0227 family.


FUNCTION: Controls the length of the flagellar hook. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FliK family.


FUNCTION: MBP may play some important roles in the allergic reactions and inflammations, since MBP is capable of releasing histamine from mast cells and damaging the epithelial cells of bronchial tubes. Antiparasitic and antibiotic. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic granule. Note=Matrix of eosinophil's large specific granule (crystalloid core).


FUNCTION: Catalyzes, at least in vitro, the hydrolysis of sphingomyelin to form ceramide and phosphocholine (PubMed:10608884). Also hydrolyzes 1-O-alkyl-2-lyso-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-platelet-activating factor) in vivo (PubMed:10608884). Also acts on 1-acyl-2-lyso-sn- glycero-3-phosphocholine (lyso-PC) and sphingosylphosphocholine (PubMed:10608884, PubMed:14741383). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in protein homeostasis by regulating both the translocation and the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of nascent proteins at the endoplasmic reticulum. It is involved in the regulation of signal-mediated translocation of proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum. It also plays a role in the ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of proteins for which signal-mediated translocation to the endoplasmic reticulum has failed. May therefore function in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced pre-emptive quality control, a mechanism that selectively attenuates the translocation of newly synthesized proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum and reroutes them to the cytosol for proteasomal degradation (By similarity). By controlling the steady-state expression of the IGF1R receptor, indirectly regulates the insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway (PubMed:26692333). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Lipid-anchor.


FUNCTION: Probable component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. May act as a co-chaperone that stimulate the ATP-dependent activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TIM14 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of L-carnitine to 3- dehydrocarnitine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. L- carnitine dehydrogenase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Mitochondrion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasm.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid stroma. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-4 (PP-X) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru 1,6-P2) and sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate (Sed 1,7-P2) to fructose 6- phosphate and sedoheptulose 7-phosphate, respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FBPase class 2 family.


FUNCTION: Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kinase LCK to the vicinity of the TCR-CD3 complex. LCK then initiates different intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating various substrates ultimately leading to lymphokine production, motility, adhesion and activation of T-helper cells. In other cells such as macrophages or NK cells, plays a role in differentiation/activation, cytokine expression and cell migration in a TCR/LCK-independent pathway. Participates in the development of T- helper cells in the thymus and triggers the differentiation of monocytes into functional mature macrophages. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Localizes to lipid rafts.


FUNCTION: Transfers an alpha-D-mannosyl residue from GDP-mannose into lipid-linked oligosaccharide, forming an alpha-(1->2)-D-mannosyl-D- mannose linkage. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 15 family.


FUNCTION: Ribosome-bound, Hsp70-type chaperone that assists in the cotranslational folding of newly synthesized proteins in the cytosol. Stimulates folding by interacting with nascent chains, binding to short, largely hydrophobic sequences exposed by unfolded proteins, thereby stabilizing longer, more slowly translated, and aggregation- prone nascent polypeptides and domains that cannot fold stably until fully synthesized. The Hsp70-protein substrate interaction depends on ATP-binding and on allosteric regulation between the NBD and the SBD. The ATP-bound state is characterized by a fast exchange rate of substrate (low affinity state), while in the ADP-bound state exchange is much slower (high affinity state). During the Hsp70 cycle, the chaperone switches between the ATP-bound state (open conformation) and the ADP-bound state (closed conformation) by major conformational rearrangements involving mainly the lid domain. Ssb cooperates with a specific Hsp40/Hsp70 co-chaperone termed the ribosome-associated complex (RAC), which stimulates the ATPase activity of the ribosome- associated pool of Ssbs and switches it to the high affinity substrate binding state. Hsp110 chaperone SSE1 and FES1 act as nucleotide exchange factors that cause substrate release. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associated with translating ribosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family. Ssb-type Hsp70 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Prenyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of the geranylgeranyl moiety of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to the C2 hydroxyl of (S)-3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP). This reaction is the second ether-bond-formation step in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family. DGGGP synthase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of beta-citryl-L-glutamate and N- acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate. Beta-citryl-L-glutamate is synthesized more efficiently than N-acetyl-L-aspartyl-L-glutamate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RimK family.


FUNCTION: Metabolizes pyrethroid insecticides and other xenobiotics. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IMPDH/GMPR family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the inactivation of the cardiac medication and plant natural product digoxin, thus decreasing drug efficacy and toxicity. Catalyzes the reduction of the alpha,beta-unsaturated butyrolactone ring of digoxin to the inactive metabolite dihydrodigoxin. Likely uses the cytochrome Cgr1 as the physiological electron donor, encoded by the adjacent gene in the locus. Only reduces digoxin and other cardenolide toxins, such as digitoxin, digoxigenin, ouabain and ouabagenin. Therefore is a specialized enzyme present in some gut bacteria E.lenta that protects their human host against ingested plant toxins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family.


FUNCTION: The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II LacEF PTS system is involved in lactose transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Acts as a negative regulator of the Toll-like and IL-1R receptor signaling pathways. Attenuates the recruitment of receptor- proximal signaling components to the TLR4 receptor, probably through an TIR-TIR domain interaction with TLR4. Through its extracellular domain interferes with the heterodimerization of Il1R1 and IL1RAP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family.


FUNCTION: DNA repair enzyme involved in the repair of deaminated bases. Selectively cleaves double-stranded DNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to a deoxyinosine leaving behind the intact lesion on the nicked DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the endonuclease V family.


FUNCTION: Has protein tyrosine phosphatase activity and may act as a virulence factor to support intracellular survival in host macrophages. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Mitochondrion matrix, kinetoplast Secreted, extracellular exosome Secreted Note=Enriched around the kinetoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Apical cell membrane Cytoplasm Membrane Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Found in the soluble fraction, associated with membranes, and associated with the cytoskeleton and the centrosome (By similarity). Colocalized with SHANK2 to the apical membrane of colonic crypt cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds DNA with high affinity but does not bind to TATA boxes. Synergises with GMNN and TBP in activation of TATA box-containing promoters and with GMNN and TBPL1 in activation of the NF1 TATA-less promoter. May play a role in cytoplasm movement and removal during spermiogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus, nucleolus. Nucleus, nucleoplasm. Note=Associated with chromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPATA24 family.


FUNCTION: Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30- fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Early endosome Golgi apparatus Note=Colocalizes with VHL at the cell membrane (PubMed:19584355). Activated receptors are internalized into endosomes prior to their degradation in lysosomes (PubMed:20559325). Activated receptors are also detected within the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:27481942). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRB2 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the elongator complex which is required for multiple tRNA modifications, including mcm5U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl uridine), mcm5s2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine), and ncm5U (5-carbamoylmethyl uridine). The elongator complex catalyzes the formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ELP4 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaX family.


FUNCTION: Glycoprotein that probably modulates membrane fusion events during secondary envelopment of cytoplasmic capsids that bud into specific trans-Golgi network (TGN)-derived membranes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Host endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=During virion morphogenesis, this protein probably accumulates in the endosomes and trans-Golgi where secondary envelopment occurs. It is probably transported with UL20 to the cell surface from where it is endocytosed and directed to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Cell surface expression of gK is required for virus-induced cell-to-cell fusion. Likely not present in extracellular virions (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alphaherpesvirinae glycoprotein K family.


FUNCTION: Possibly the antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0165 family.


FUNCTION: Thought to play a role in photoprotection of the coral's resident symbiont microalgae's photosystems from photoinhibition caused by high light levels found near the surface of coral reefs. In deeper water, the fluorescence may be to convert blue light into longer wavelengths more suitable for use in photosynthesis by the microalgal symbionts. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GFP family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the transport of magnesium and cobalt ions. FUNCTION: Plays a role in the transport of magnesium and cobalt ions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0053 family.


FUNCTION: With SBE22, is involved in cell wall integrity and polarity processes like bud growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SBE2 family.


FUNCTION: Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts (PubMed:14622290). Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step (By similarity). Also involved in actin dynamics and cell cycle progression, mRNA decay and probably in a pathway involved in stress response and maintenance of cell wall integrity (By similarity). FUNCTION: Translation factor that promotes translation elongation and termination, particularly upon ribosome stalling at specific amino acid sequence contexts (By similarity). Binds between the exit (E) and peptidyl (P) site of the ribosome and promotes rescue of stalled ribosome: specifically required for efficient translation of polyproline-containing peptides as well as other motifs that stall the ribosome. Acts as ribosome quality control (RQC) cofactor by joining the RQC complex to facilitate peptidyl transfer during CAT tailing step (By similarity). Also involved in actin dynamics and cell cycle progression, mRNA decay and probably in a pathway involved in stress response and maintenance of cell wall integrity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Hypusine modification promotes the nuclear export and cytoplasmic localization and there was a dynamic shift in the localization from predominantly cytoplasmic to primarily nuclear under apoptotic inducing conditions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-5A family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes and transfers gamma-glutamyl moieties from glutathione and other gamma-glutamyl compounds to acceptors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gamma-glutamyltransferase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0115 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae US22 family.


FUNCTION: Regulates cell integrity and functions coordinately with the protein kinase C pathway (pck1 and pck2). Involved the regulation of wall architecture, cell shape, cytokinesis in exponential and stationary phase, and metabolism of ions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Acts as an eosinophil chemoattractant (By similarity). It also inhibits angiogenesis (By similarity). Suppresses IFNG production by natural killer cells. FUNCTION: Binds galactosides (By similarity). Has high affinity for the Forssman pentasaccharide (By similarity). Ligand for HAVCR2/TIM3 (By similarity). Binding to HAVCR2 induces T-helper type 1 lymphocyte (Th1) death (By similarity). Also stimulates bactericidal activity in infected macrophages by causing macrophage activation and IL1B secretion which restricts intracellular bacterial growth (PubMed:20937702). Ligand for P4HB; the interaction retains P4HB at the cell surface of Th2 T-helper cells, increasing disulfide reductase activity at the plasma membrane, altering the plasma membrane redox state and enhancing cell migration (PubMed:21670307). Ligand for CD44; the interaction enhances binding of SMAD3 to the FOXP3 promoter, leading to up-regulation of FOXP3 expression and increased induced regulatory T (iTreg) cell stability and suppressive function (PubMed:25065622). Promotes ability of mesenchymal stromal cells to suppress T-cell proliferation (By similarity). Expands regulatory T- cells and induces cytotoxic T-cell apoptosis following virus infection (By similarity). Activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation inducing cytokine (IL-6, IL-8, IL-12) and chemokine (CCL2) production in mast and dendritic cells (By similarity). Inhibits degranulation and induces apoptosis of mast cells (By similarity). Induces maturation and migration of dendritic cells (By similarity). Inhibits natural killer (NK) cell function (PubMed:23408620). Can transform NK cell phenotype from peripheral to decidual during pregnancy (By similarity). Astrocyte derived galectin-9 enhances microglial TNF production (PubMed:25158758). May play a role in thymocyte-epithelial interactions relevant to the biology of the thymus. May provide the molecular basis for urate flux across cell membranes, allowing urate that is formed during purine metabolism to efflux from cells and serving as an electrogenic transporter that plays an important role in renal and gastrointestinal urate excretion (By similarity). Highly selective to the anion urate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Secreted Note=May also be secreted by a non-classical secretory pathway (PubMed:9038233). Secreted by mesenchymal stromal cells upon IFNG stimulation (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Required for maturation of 30S ribosomal subunits, probably at a late stage of ribosomal protein binding, while Era is associated and after RimM (PubMed:20188109). FUNCTION: Required for maturation of 30S ribosomal subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RimP family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RimP family.


FUNCTION: Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase; part of the 2 gene clusters that mediate the biosynthesis of fusicoccins, diterpene glucosides that display phytohormone-like activity and function as potent activators of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases in plants by modifying 14-3-3 proteins and cause the plant disease constriction canker (PubMed:21299202, PubMed:22870285). The first step in the pathway is performed by the fusicoccadiene synthase PaFS that possesses both prenyl transferase and terpene cyclase activity, converting isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate into geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) and successively converting GGDP into fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene, a precursor for fusicoccin H (PubMed:17360612). The second step is the oxidation at the C-8 position by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PaP450-2 to yield fusicocca- 2,10(14)-diene-8-beta-ol (PubMed:22870285). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PaP450-1 then catalyzes the hydroxylation at the C-16 position to produce fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene-8-beta,16-diol (PubMed:22870285). The dioxygenase fc-dox then catalyzes the 16- oxydation of fusicocca-2,10(14)-diene-8-beta,16-diol to yield an aldehyde (8-beta-hydroxyfusicocca-1,10(14)-dien-16-al) (PubMed:21299202, PubMed:22870285). The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase fc-sdr catalyzes the reduction of the aldehyde to yield fusicocca-1,10(14)-diene-8-beta,16-diol (PubMed:21299202, PubMed:22870285). The next step is the hydroxylation at C-9 performed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PaP450-3 that leads to fusicoccin H aglycon which is glycosylated to fusicoccin H by the O- glycosyltransferase PaGT (PubMed:22870285). Hydroxylation at C-12 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PaP450-4 leads then to the production of fusicoccin Q and is followed by methylation by the O- methyltransferase PaMT to yield fusicoccin P (PubMed:22870285). Fusicoccin P is further converted to fusicoccin J via prenylation by the O-glucose prenyltransferase PaPT (PubMed:22287087). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PaP450-5 then performs hydroxylation at C-19 to yield dideacetyl-fusicoccin A which is acetylated to 3'-O-deacetyl-fusicoccin A by the O-acetyltransferase PaAT-2 (PubMed:22870285). Finally, a another acetylation by the O-acetyltransferase PaAT-1 yields fusicoccin A (PubMed:22870285). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TfdA dioxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly and specifically 1,2-Diacyl-sn-glycero-3- phospho-(1'-myo-inositol-3',4',5'-bisphosphate) (PIP3) leading to the recruitment of PIP3 to mitochondria and may play a role in the regulation of the platelet activation via AKT/GSK3B/cGMP signaling pathways (PubMed:30576423, PubMed:29786068). May act as transcription factor that regulates SREBP1 (isoform SREBP-1C) expression in order to modulate triglyceride (TG) homeostasis in hepatocytes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FUN14 family.


FUNCTION: Positive regulator of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate turnover and negatively regulates signaling through the cell integrity pathway. Involved in rDNA silencing (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IRS4 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves the membrane-bound precursor of TNF-alpha to its mature soluble form. Responsible for the proteolytical release of soluble JAM3 from endothelial cells surface. Responsible for the proteolytic release of several other cell-surface proteins, including p75 TNF-receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type II, p55 TNF-receptor, transforming growth factor-alpha, L-selectin, growth hormone receptor, MUC1 and the amyloid precursor protein. Acts as an activator of Notch pathway by mediating cleavage of Notch, generating the membrane- associated intermediate fragment called Notch extracellular truncation (NEXT). Plays a role in the proteolytic processing of ACE2. Plays a role in hemostasis through shedding of GP1BA, the platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha chain. Mediates the proteolytic cleavage of LAG3, leading to release the secreted form of LAG3 (By similarity). Mediates the proteolytic cleavage of IL6R, leading to the release of secreted form of IL6R (By similarity). Mediates the proteolytic cleavage and shedding of FCGR3A upon NK cell stimulation, a mechanism that allows for increased NK cell motility and detachment from opsonized target cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Probable ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 65 (Jztx-21) subfamily.


FUNCTION: CBASS (cyclic oligonucleotide-based antiphage signaling system) provides immunity against bacteriophage. The CD-NTase protein synthesizes cyclic nucleotides in response to infection; these serve as specific second messenger signals. The signals activate a diverse range of effectors, leading to bacterial cell death and thus abortive phage infection. A type III-C(AAA) CBASS system (PubMed:32839535). FUNCTION: A cyclic nucleotide-activated dsDNase. In the presence of 3',3',3'-cyclic AMP-AMP-AMP (cAAA) and to a lesser extent cyclic-di-AMP (c-di-AMP), endonucleolytically degrades dsDNA (Probable). Binds one cAAA in a pocket on one surface of the trimer; cAAA binding promotes hexamerization which is probably necessary for nuclease activation (PubMed:31932164). The nuclease digests dsDNA to about 50 bp lengths. DNA has been modeled to contact a pair of juxtaposed active sites (one from each layer of the hexamer), accounting for cleavage on both strands (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NucC endonuclease family.


FUNCTION: This protein complexes cadmium, zinc and copper. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 14 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Deacetylates O-acetyl-ADP ribose to yield ADP-ribose and free acetate. Down-regulates ribonuclease 3 (RNase III) activity. Acts by interacting directly with the region of the ribonuclease that is required for dimerization/activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YmdB family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of methylthioribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) into methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2B alpha/beta/delta subunits family. MtnA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Histone-like DNA-binding protein which is capable of wrapping DNA to stabilize it, and thus to prevent its denaturation under extreme environmental conditions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial histone-like protein family.


FUNCTION: Putative HNH endonuclease component of antiviral defense system retron Ec78, composed of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a reverse transcriptase (RT), a probable ATPase and this protein. Expression of retron Ec78 confers protection against bacteriophage T5. At multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.02 cultures slow growth when infected with T5 but do not collapse, at MOI 2 cultures enter growth stasis.


FUNCTION: Has a broad substrate specificity. Can use synthetic substrates such as p-nitrophenyl-beta-N-acetylglucosaminide, p- nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNP-GlcNAc), p- nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside (pNP-GalNAc), 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (MU- GlcNAc), and 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranoside (MU-GlcNAc-6SO(4)) as substrates. Removes terminal GlcNAc residues from alpha1,3- and alpha1,6-mannosyl branches of biantennary N-glycans without any strict branch preference. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Regulates intracellular CTP levels through interactions with the four ribonucleotide triphosphates. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Is essential for M.tuberculosis growth in vitro and ex vivo (PubMed:26097035). Regulates intracellular CTP levels through interactions with the four ribonucleotide triphosphates (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CTP synthase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in ribosomal large subunit assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRS1 family.


FUNCTION: Seems to act as a glycogen-targeting subunit for PP1. PP1 is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system SrrA/SrrB, which is involved in the global regulation of staphylococcal virulence factors in response to environmental oxygen levels as well as biofilm formation. Also plays an essential role in host-derived nitric oxide resistance by regulating hmp/flavohemoglobin, an enzyme that detoxifies nitric oxide by converting it to nitrate. Functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to SrrA. In turn, SrrA binds to the upstream promoter regions of the target genes to positively and negatively regulate their expression. FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system SrrA/SrrB, which is involved in the global regulation of staphylococcal virulence factors in response to environmental oxygen levels as well as biofilm formation (PubMed:24222487). Also plays an essential role in host- derived nitric oxide resistance by regulating hmp/flavohemoglobin, an enzyme that detoxifies nitric oxide by converting it to nitrate (PubMed:16859493, PubMed:24222487). Functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to SrrA. In turn, SrrA binds to the upstream promoter regions of the target genes to positively and negatively regulate their expression (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Cleaves the distal alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor in a highly specific manner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 63 family.


FUNCTION: Probable ATPase component of antiviral defense system retron Ec83, composed of a non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a reverse transcriptase (RT), this protein and a putative HNH endonuclease. Expression of retron Ec83 confers protection against bacteriophage T2, T4 and T6. At multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.02 cultures slow growth when infected with T4 but do not collapse, at MOI 2 cultures enter growth stasis.


FUNCTION: Involved in the production of itaconic acid, a soluble unsaturated dicarboxylic acid mainly produced from sugars. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PrpD family.


FUNCTION: RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.


FUNCTION: RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate in the photorespiration process. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Carboxysome Note=This bacterium makes alpha-type carboxysomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Water-soluble antenna for capture of solar energy in the blue-green range. Peridinin is an asymmetric carotenoid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein that binds F-actin and dynamin, and thereby plays a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis. Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of cell projections, such as neurites, in neuron morphogenesis and synapse formation. Does not bind G-actin and promote actin polymerization by itself, but excerts its functions by interaction with other proteins. Required for the formation of organized podosome rosettes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection, lamellipodium Cell projection, ruffle Cytoplasm, cell cortex Cytoplasm, cytosol Synapse Perikaryon Cell projection, neuron projection Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell projection, podosome Early endosome Cell projection, dendrite Postsynaptic density. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABP1 family.