FUNCTION: Signal transducer and activator of transcription that mediates signaling by type I interferons (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Following type I IFN binding to cell surface receptors, Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) are activated, leading to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize, associate with IRF9/ISGF3G to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF3 binds to the IFN stimulated response element (ISRE) to activate the transcription of interferon stimulated genes, which drive the cell in an antiviral state (PubMed:9020188, PubMed:23391734). In addition, has also a negative feedback regulatory role in the type I interferon signaling by recruiting USP18 to the type I IFN receptor subunit IFNAR2 thereby mitigating the response to type I IFNs (PubMed:28165510). Acts as a regulator of mitochondrial fission by modulating the phosphorylation of DNM1L at 'Ser-616' and 'Ser-637' which activate and inactivate the GTPase activity of DNM1L respectively (PubMed:26122121, PubMed:23391734, PubMed:9020188). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Translocated into the nucleus upon activation by IFN-alpha/beta. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transcription factor STAT family.


FUNCTION: Probable toxin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Stimulates two retinal guanylyl cyclase (GCs) GUCY2E and GUCY2F when free calcium ions concentration is low, and inhibits GUCY2E and GUCY2F when free calcium ions concentration is elevated (By similarity). This Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of GCs is a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure (By similarity). May be involved in cone photoreceptor response and recovery of response in bright light (PubMed:25673692). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Photoreceptor inner segment Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment Note=Subcellular location is not affected by light or dark conditions.


FUNCTION: Isomerization of 3-trans,5-cis-dienoyl-CoA to 2-trans,4- trans-dienoyl-CoA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Provides the reduced form of flavin mononucleotide for the PIIA synthase reaction.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tlp family.


FUNCTION: Molecular chaperone; assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Known to play a role, in vitro, in the folding of actin and tubulin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TCP-1 chaperonin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome. Associated with sn-RNP U2, where it contributes to the binding of stem loop IV of U2 snRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM U1 A/B'' family.


FUNCTION: Positive regulator of amyloid protein aggregation and proteotoxicity (By similarity). Induces conformational changes in amyloid proteins, such as HTT, driving them into compact formations preceding the formation of aggregates (By similarity). FUNCTION: Positive regulator of amyloid protein aggregation and proteotoxicity (PubMed:20723760). Induces conformational changes in amyloid proteins, such as HTT, driving them into compact formations preceding the formation of aggregates (PubMed:20723760). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SERF family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of tryptophan to tRNA(Trp). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Thiol protease that plays a key role in programmed cell death by acting as a molecular switch for apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, and is required to prevent tissue damage during embryonic development and adulthood (By similarity). Initiator protease that induces extrinsic apoptosis by mediating cleavage and activation of effector caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1A induced cell death (PubMed:10197541). Cleaves and activates effector caspases CASP3, CASP4, CASP6, CASP7, CASP9 and CASP10 (By similarity). Binding to the adapter molecule FADD recruits it to either receptor TNFRSF6/FAS mediated or TNFRSF1A (PubMed:10197541). The resulting aggregate called death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs CASP8 proteolytic activation (By similarity). The active dimeric enzyme is then liberated from the DISC and free to activate downstream apoptotic proteases (By similarity). Proteolytic fragments of the N-terminal propeptide (termed CAP3, CAP5 and CAP6) are likely retained in the DISC (By similarity). In addition to extrinsic apoptosis, also acts as a negative regulator of necroptosis: acts by cleaving RIPK1 at 'Asp-325', which is crucial to inhibit RIPK1 kinase activity, limiting TNF-induced apoptosis, necroptosis and inflammatory response (By similarity). Also able to initiate pyroptosis by mediating cleavage and activation of gasdermin-D (GSDMD): GSDMD cleavage promoting release of the N-terminal moiety (Gasdermin-D, N-terminal) that binds to membranes and forms pores, triggering pyroptosis (By similarity). Initiates pyroptosis following inactivation of MAP3K7/TAK1 (By similarity). Also acts as a regulator of innate immunity by mediating cleavage and inactivation of N4BP1 downstream of TLR3 or TLR4, thereby promoting cytokine production (By similarity). May participate in the Granzyme B (GZMB) cell death pathways (By similarity). Cleaves PARP1 and PARP2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C14A family.


FUNCTION: With S5 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy. FUNCTION: One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. GNAT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator (PubMed:19307308, PubMed:31552090). May play a role in keratinocyte differentiation (PubMed:31552090). FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Binds to the enhancer of the adenovirus E1A gene and acts as a transcriptional activator; the core-binding sequence is 5'-[AC]GGA[AT]GT-3'. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ETS family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control system called ER-associated degradation (ERAD). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sel-1 family.


FUNCTION: Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli (PubMed:12243775). Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits a time- and Ca(2+)-dependent outward rectification, followed by a long-lasting refractory state. Mild extracellular acidic pH (6.5) potentiates channel activation by noxious heat and vanilloids, whereas acidic conditions (pH <6) directly activate the channel. Can be activated by endogenous compounds, including 12-hydroperoxytetraenoic acid and bradykinin. Acts as ionotropic endocannabinoid receptor with central neuromodulatory effects. Triggers a form of long-term depression (TRPV1-LTD) mediated by the endocannabinoid anandamine in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens by affecting AMPA receptors endocytosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell projection, dendritic spine membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Mostly, but not exclusively expressed in postsynaptic dendritic spines. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. TrpV subfamily. TRPV1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a central role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Its association with pi-bodies suggests a participation in the primary piRNAs metabolic process. Required prior to the pachytene stage to facilitate the production of multiple types of piRNAs, including those associated with repeats involved in the regulation of retrotransposons. May act by mediating protein-protein interactions during germ cell maturation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Component of the meiotic nuage, also named P granule, a germ-cell-specific organelle required to repress transposon activity during meiosis. Specifically localizes to pi-bodies, a subset of the nuage which contains primary piRNAs (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Contributes to the regulation of viral RNA transcription by interacting with host proteins involved in transcriptional activation such as ATF4, or CREB1, and by inhibiting their activity. Additionally, HBZ suppresses host NF-kappa-B-driven transcription mediated by host RELA as well as transcription of some classical NF-kappa-B target genes, including IL8, IL2RA, IRF4, VCAM1, and VEGFA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HTLV-1 HBZ protein family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) (By similarity). Receptor specificity may be modulated by accessory proteins. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family.


FUNCTION: Amidase; part of the Fusarium detoxification of benzoxazolinone cluster 1 (FDB1) involved in the degradation of benzoxazolinones produced by the host plant (PubMed:19302487, PubMed:26808652). Maize, wheat, and rye produce the 2 benzoxazinone phytoanticipins 2,4-dihy-droxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) and 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) that, due to their inherent instability once released, spontaneously degrade to the more stable corresponding benzoxazolinones, 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) and 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA), respectively (PubMed:11876429). The first step in the detoxification of benzoxazolinones involves the hydrolysis of the cyclic ester bond of benzoxazolinones by the FDB1 cluster gamma-lactamase MBL1 to aminophenols (PubMed:26808652, PubMed:12788712). MBL1 is able to convert BOA into 2-aminophenol (2- AP), as well as MBOA into 5-methoxy-2-aminophenol (2-AMP) (PubMed:26808652, PubMed:12788712). The FDB2 cluster N- malonyltransferase FDB2/NAT1 then metabolizes aminophenols via N- malonylation to non-toxic malonamic acids (PubMed:19302487, PubMed:12788712). FDB2/NAT1 converts 2-AP into N-(2-hydroxyphenyl) malonamic acid (HPMA) and 2-AMP into N-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) malonamic acid (HMPMA) (PubMed:19302487, PubMed:12788712). The duplicated dienlactone hydrolases DLH1 and DLH2 may provide redundant function for hydrolyzing the lactone moiety in the BOA molecule (Probable). The roles of the amidases an other enzymes encoded by the 2 FDB clusters have not been identified so far (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amidase family.


FUNCTION: TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and implicated in the regulation of basal transcription. Interacts with TBP (the TATA-binding protein). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Imported to nucleus via interaction with KAP122. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIA subunit 1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for nitrate signaling. Regulates expression of the nitrate-responsive genes NIA1, NIR1, NRT2.1 and NPF6.3/NRT1.1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Protein transport. Regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Lipid- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Involved in chromosome condensation, segregation and cell cycle progression. May participate in facilitating chromosome segregation by condensation DNA from both sides of a centrally located replisome during cell division. Not required for mini-F plasmid partitioning. Probably acts via its interaction with MukB and MukE. Overexpression results in anucleate cells. It has a calcium binding activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid Note=Restricted to the nucleoid region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MukF family.


FUNCTION: FliN is one of three proteins (FliG, FliN, FliM) that form the rotor-mounted switch complex (C ring), located at the base of the basal body. This complex interacts with the CheY and CheZ chemotaxis proteins, in addition to contacting components of the motor that determine the direction of flagellar rotation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Bacterial flagellum basal body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FliN/MopA/SpaO family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor acting as a regulator of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM)-related genes (e.g. PT4, STR and RAM2) (PubMed:25560877). Required for the morphogenesis of arbuscules upon symbiosis with AM fungi (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis) (PubMed:25560877). Also involved in restricting mycorrhizal colonization of the root meristem (PubMed:25560877). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRAS family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA of heat shock promoter elements (HSE). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HSF family. Class A subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family.


FUNCTION: Pentonolactonase involved in D-arabinose and D-xylose catabolism. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of both L-arabino-gamma-lactone and D-xylono-gamma-lactone to the corresponding acids. Can also hydrolyze D-galactono-gamma-lactone and D-glucono-delta-lactone. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SMP-30/CGR1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of theobromine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Type-7 methyltransferase family.


SIMILARITY: To yeast YKR075c.


FUNCTION: An aminoacyl-tRNA editing enzyme that deacylates mischarged D-aminoacyl-tRNAs. Also deacylates mischarged glycyl-tRNA(Ala), protecting cells against glycine mischarging by AlaRS. Acts via tRNA- based rather than protein-based catalysis; rejects L-amino acids rather than detecting D-amino acids in the active site. By recycling D- aminoacyl-tRNA to D-amino acids and free tRNA molecules, this enzyme counteracts the toxicity associated with the formation of D-aminoacyl- tRNA entities in vivo and helps enforce protein L-homochirality. FUNCTION: ATPase involved in DNA replication, may facilitate loading of CDC45 onto pre-replication complexes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Associated with chromatin at some replication origins containing functional DNA-unwinding elements (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DTD family.


FUNCTION: Transports viral genome to neighboring plant cells directly through plasmosdesmata, without any budding. The movement protein allows efficient cell to cell propagation, by bypassing the host cell wall barrier (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell junction, host plasmodesma.


FUNCTION: Removes N-terminal dipeptides sequentially from polypeptides having unsubstituted N-termini provided that the penultimate residue is proline. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S15 family.


FUNCTION: NADH-dependent reductase for dph3 and cytochrome b5. Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2. Dph1 and dph2 transfer a 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl (ACP) group from S-adenosyl-L- methionine (SAM) to a histidine residue, the reaction is assisted by a reduction system comprising dph3 and a NADH-dependent reductase, predominantly cbr1. By reducing dph3, also involved in the formation of the tRNA wobble base modification mcm5s 2U (5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2- thiouridine), mediated by the elongator complex. The cytochrome b5/NADH cytochrome b5 reductase electron transfer system supports the catalytic activity of several sterol biosynthetic enzymes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of the microtubule (MT) filament system by destabilizing microtubules. It prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the stathmin family.


FUNCTION: Cell division protein that is part of the divisome complex and is recruited early to the Z-ring. Probably stimulates Z-ring formation, perhaps through the cross-linking of FtsZ protofilaments. Its function overlaps with FtsA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to the division site, in a FtsZ-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SepF family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in metal homeostasis. Confers tolerance to high zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist which plays a role in neural induction. The short isoform is a more potent inhibitor of activin than the long isoform. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0213 family.


FUNCTION: Oxidosqualene cyclase involved in the biosynthesis of bryonolic acid. Converts oxidosqualene to isomultiflorenol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene cyclase/mutase family.


FUNCTION: Has a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family.


FUNCTION: Flavin transferase that catalyzes the transfer of the FMN moiety of FAD and its covalent binding to the hydroxyl group of a threonine residue in a target flavoprotein such as NqrB and NqrC, two subunits of the NQR complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Lipid-anchor; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ApbE family.


FUNCTION: Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes. It also stimulates smooth muscle contraction and increases blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gastrin/cholecystokinin family.


FUNCTION: May be an angiogenesis inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Nucleus envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chondromodulin-1 family.


FUNCTION: Cytokine that stimulates the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells and megakaryocyte progenitor cells and induces megakaryocyte maturation resulting in increased platelet production (PubMed:8913282). Also promotes the proliferation of hepatocytes in response to liver damage (PubMed:22253262). Binding to its receptor formed by IL6ST and either IL11RA1 or IL11RA2 activates a signaling cascade that promotes cell proliferation, also in the context of various cancers (PubMed:10026196, PubMed:23948300). Signaling leads to the activation of intracellular protein kinases and the phosphorylation of STAT3 (PubMed:23948300, PubMed:22253262). The interaction with the membrane- bound IL11RA and IL6ST stimulates 'classic signaling', whereas the binding of IL11 and soluble IL11RA to IL6ST stimulates 'trans- signaling' (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-6 superfamily.


FUNCTION: Associates with the EF-Tu.GDP complex and induces the exchange of GDP to GTP. It remains bound to the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF- Tu.GTP complex up to the GTP hydrolysis stage on the ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EF-Ts family.


FUNCTION: Cell surface receptor for PLXNB1 and PLXNB2 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling (PubMed:20877282). Regulates GABAergic synapse development (By similarity). Promotes the development of inhibitory synapses in a PLXNB1-dependent manner (By similarity). Modulates the complexity and arborization of developing neurites in hippocampal neurons by activating PLXNB1 and interaction with PLXNB1 mediates activation of RHOA (PubMed:19788569). Promotes the migration of cerebellar granule cells (PubMed:16055703). Plays a role in the immune system; induces B-cells to aggregate and improves their viability (in vitro) (PubMed:8876214). Induces endothelial cell migration through the activation of PTK2B/PYK2, SRC, and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT pathway (PubMed:16055703). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the semaphorin family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in virion assembly and morphogenesis. Also plays a role in the inhibition of host immune response by dysregulating mTOR. Sequesters host RICTOR and RPTOR, thereby disrupting mTORC1 and mTORC2 crosstalk. In turn, blocks the host antiviral response in part through mTOR-dependent degradation of cGAS, the primary poxvirus sensor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=Major component of the virion comprising about 10% of the virion mass. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG062 family.


FUNCTION: Confers resistance to antitubercular drugs benzothiazinone (BTZ) and dinitrobenzamide (DNB). Inactivates BTZ and DNB by reducing an essential nitro group of these compounds to amino group or to hydroxyl amine, respectively, using NADH or NADPH as source of reducing equivalents; two electrons are transferred (PubMed:22069462, PubMed:20624223). Able to reduce the nitro group of bicyclic nitroimidazole PA-824, but not of quinone menadione, nitrofurazone, methyl-4-nitrobenzoate, 4-nitrobenzene methyl sulfonate or 4- nitroacetophenone (PubMed:20624223). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nitroreductase family.


FUNCTION: Brassicaceae-specific phytocytokine (plant endogenous peptide released into the apoplast) perceived by MIK2 in a BAK1/SERK3 and SERK4 coreceptors-dependent manner, that modulates various physiological and antimicrobial processes including growth prevention and reactive oxygen species (ROS) response regulation (PubMed:33514716, PubMed:34535661, PubMed:31001913). Inhibits root growth and regulates root meristems (PubMed:34535661, PubMed:31001913). Prevents general growth and development (PubMed:31001913). Exhibits antibacterial effects against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, Ralstonia solanacearum, Bacillus subtilis and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, thus being an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (PubMed:31001913). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Note=The precursor of SCOOP14, PROSCOOP14, accumulates at the plasma membrane and is proteolytically cleaved to release the SCOOP14 in the apoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serine rich endogenous peptide (SCOOP) phytocytokine family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) to yield ADP (PubMed:32152217). Can also hydrolyze Ap3A, Ap5A, Ap4G, Ap4U and Gp4G, always releasing ADP or GDP as one of the products, but it exhibits a marked preference for Ap4A, which is mainly exerted at the substrate affinity level (PubMed:32152217). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ap4A hydrolase YqeK family.


FUNCTION: NAD-dependent lysine deacetylase and desuccinylase that specifically removes acetyl and succinyl groups on target proteins. Modulates the activities of several proteins which are inactive in their acylated form. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes glycerophosphodiesters into glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) and the corresponding alcohol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase family.


FUNCTION: Mannose-binding lectin which recognizes specific carbohydrate structures and agglutinates a variety of animal cells by binding to cell-surface glycoproteins and glycolipids. May be a calcium-dependent lectin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the true venom lectin family.


FUNCTION: Cytokine that is chemotactic for monocytes but not for neutrophils. Binds to CCR8. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.


FUNCTION: The proteasome degrades poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. It is essential for the regulated turnover of proteins and for the removal of misfolded proteins. The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. It has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. PRE3 and PRE4 are necessary for the peptidyl-glutamyl-peptide-hydrolyzing activity. FUNCTION: This subunit is necessary for the peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase T1B family.


FUNCTION: ATPase component of the type II secretion system required for the energy-dependent secretion of extracellular factors such as proteases and toxins from the periplasm. Acts as a molecular motor to provide the energy that is required for assembly of the pseudopilus and the extrusion of substrates generated in the cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane Note=Membrane association is not an intrinsic property but requires the GspL gene product. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GSP E family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0335 family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the RNA polymerase transcription and replication complex. Binds the viral ribonucleocapsid and positions the L polymerase on the template. May act as a chaperone for newly synthesized free N protein, so-called N(0). Plays a role in virion assembly (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the vesiculovirus protein P family.


FUNCTION: Glyceryl-ether monooxygenase that cleaves the O-alkyl bond of ether lipids. Ether lipids are essential components of brain membranes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sterol desaturase family. TMEM195 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex NodIJ involved in the export of the nodulation factors (Nod factors), the bacterial signal molecules that induce symbiosis and subsequent nodulation induction. Nod factors are LCO (lipo-chitin oligosaccharide), a modified beta-1,4- linked N-acetylglucosamine oligosaccharide. This subunit is responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Lipooligosaccharide exporter (TC 3.A.1.102) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Synapse, synaptosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Synapse, synaptosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synaptobrevin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the maintenance of DNA methylation (PubMed:31955845). Binds hemimethylated DNA (PubMed:31955845). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein involved in regulation of mRNA stability (PubMed:31743541). Promotes mRNA stabilization by recruiting MKT1 and PBP1 (By similarity). Stabilizes transcripts encoding mitochondrial proteins (PubMed:31743541).


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3- phosphoglycerate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BPG-independent phosphoglycerate mutase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex NikABCDE (Opp2) involved in nickel import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. OppBC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plant-specific actin binding protein. May be part of a membrane-cytoskeletal adapter complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NET family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for KLRB1B that protects target cells against natural killer cell-mediated lysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: During M.tuberculosis and HIV-1 co-infection, can stimulate transcription from the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 in monocyte/macrophage cells. Interaction with human TLR2 activates the NF-kappa-B transcription factor, which binds to the promoter region of the HIV-1 and induces HIV-1 gene expression. FUNCTION: Induces pro-inflammatory responses (PubMed:22427668, PubMed:27481848). Induces host TLR1/2 heterodimerization, which causes an increased recruitment of IRAK1, MYD88, and protein kinase C epsilon (PRKCE) to the downstream TLR-signaling complex that translocates PRKCE into the nucleus in an IRAK1-dependent manner. PRKCE-mediated phosphorylation allowed the nuclear IRAK3 to be exported to the cytoplasm, leading to increased activation of ERK1/2, stabilization of MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP1), and induction of TNF-alpha with concomitant down-regulation of MAP kinase p38 (PubMed:27481848). FUNCTION: Induces pro-inflammatory responses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Cell surface Note=Not secreted but surface exposed. Mainly localized in the cell wall fraction regardless of PE11 co- expression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mycobacterial PPE family.


FUNCTION: Dual-specificity phosphatase. Required for centrosome separation and productive cytokinesis during cell division. Dephosphorylates SIRT2 around early anaphase. May dephosphorylate the APC subunit FZR1/CDH1, thereby promoting APC-FZR1 dependent degradation of mitotic cyclins and subsequent exit from mitosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Cell projection, kinocilium Note=Centrosomal during interphase, released into the cytoplasm at the onset of mitosis. Subsequently localizes to the mitotic spindle pole and at the central spindle (By similarity). Present along both the transient kinocilia of developing cochlear hair cells and the persistent kinocilia of vestibular hair cells (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class CDC14 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytomegalovirus US12 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine, producing xanthine and ammonia. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. ATZ/TRZ family.


FUNCTION: Mediates peroxisomal import of proteins containing a C- terminal PTS2-type peroxisomal targeting signal via its interaction with PEX7 (By similarity). Interaction with PEX7 only takes place when PEX7 is associated with cargo proteins containing a PTS2 peroxisomal targeting signal (By similarity). PEX7 along with PTS2-containing cargo proteins are then translocated through the PEX13-PEX14 docking complex together with PEX21 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Peroxisome Note=Cycles between the cytosol and the peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxin-21 family.


FUNCTION: Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1 and KCNB2; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1 and KCNB2 (PubMed:9305895). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=May not reach the plasma membrane but remain in an intracellular compartment in the absence of KCNB1 or KCNB2 (PubMed:9305895). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the potassium channel family. S (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv9.1/KCNS1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that may function in dorsoventral specification of the forebrain. Regulates the expression of Wnt signaling antagonists including the expression of a truncated TCF7L2 isoform that cannot bind CTNNB1 and acts therefore as a potent dominant-negative Wnt antagonist. Plays a crucial role in eye development and, in particular, in the specification of the ventral optic vesicle. May be a regulator of axial polarization in the retina. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EMX homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Role in the defense system of the organism against microorganisms. This lectin binds galactose.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate in retinoid metabolism. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans-retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolase that can remove conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and may therefore play an important regulatory role at the level of protein turnover by preventing degradation.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of IMP that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis. Prefers hypoxanthine, has 66% activity with guanine while activity with adenine, xanthine, uracil, orotate, or cytosine is negligible. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family. Archaeal HPRT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein complex (EMC) that enables the energy-independent insertion into endoplasmic reticulum membranes of newly synthesized membrane proteins. Preferentially accommodates proteins with transmembrane domains that are weakly hydrophobic or contain destabilizing features such as charged and aromatic residues. Involved in the cotranslational insertion of multi-pass membrane proteins in which stop-transfer membrane-anchor sequences become ER membrane spanning helices. It is also required for the post-translational insertion of tail-anchored/TA proteins in endoplasmic reticulum membranes. By mediating the proper cotranslational insertion of N-terminal transmembrane domains in an N- exo topology, with translocated N-terminus in the lumen of the ER, controls the topology of multi-pass membrane proteins like the G protein-coupled receptors. By regulating the insertion of various proteins in membranes, it is indirectly involved in many cellular processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EMC1 family.


FUNCTION: The purine nucleoside phosphorylases catalyze the phosphorolytic breakdown of the N-glycosidic bond in the beta- (deoxy)ribonucleoside molecules, with the formation of the corresponding free purine bases and pentose-1-phosphate. Cleaves guanosine and inosine (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PNP/MTAP phosphorylase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the 90S pre-ribosome involved in the maturation of rRNAs. Required for early cleavages of the pre-RNAs in the 40S ribosomal subunit maturation pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRP36 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in peroxisome sequestration to the vacuole during macropexophagy. Also required for microautophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Vacuole membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Vacuolar and other perivacuolar punctate structures. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat PROPPIN family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in repair of photodamaged photosystem II (PSII). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side Note=Associated with PSII on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Psb27 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM90 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Epstein-Barr virus BILF2 protein family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Part of the complex F(0) domain. Minor subunit located with subunit a in the membrane (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase g subunit family.


FUNCTION: The heterodimer glycoprotein H-glycoprotein L is required for the fusion of viral and plasma membranes leading to virus entry into the host cell. Following initial binding to host receptor, membrane fusion is mediated by the fusion machinery composed of gB and the heterodimer gH/gL. May also be involved in the fusion between the virion envelope and the outer nuclear membrane during virion morphogenesis. The heterodimer gH/gL targets also host EPHA2 to promote viral entry. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=During virion morphogenesis, this protein probably accumulates in the endosomes and trans-Golgi where secondary envelopment occurs. It is probably transported to the cell surface from where it is endocytosed and directed to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae glycoprotein H family.


FUNCTION: Converts guanidinoacetate to creatine, using S- adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Important in nervous system development. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RMT2 methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis, and function in nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria. MDM34 is required for the interaction of the ER-resident membrane protein MMM1 and the outer mitochondrial membrane-resident beta-barrel protein MDM10. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=The ERMES/MDM complex localizes to a few discrete foci (around 10 per single cell), that represent mitochondria- endoplasmic reticulum junctions. These foci are often found next to mtDNA nucleoids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MDM34 family.


FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Receptor for E.coli Dr adhesins. Binding of E.coli Dr adhesins leads to dissociation of the homodimer. FUNCTION: Cell surface glycoprotein that plays a role in cell adhesion, intracellular signaling and tumor progression (PubMed:2803308, PubMed:10910050, PubMed:10864933). Mediates homophilic and heterophilic cell adhesion with other carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules, such as CEACAM6 (PubMed:2803308). Plays a role as an oncogene by promoting tumor progression; induces resistance to anoikis of colorectal carcinoma cells (PubMed:10910050). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Apical cell membrane Cell surface Note=Localized to the apical glycocalyx surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. CEA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Associates predominantly in the form of large cytoplasmic complexes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RANBP9/10 family.


FUNCTION: The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. In vitro, hydrolyzes PtdIns(4,5)P2 in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Triggers intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in oocytes solely during M phase and is involved in inducing oocyte activation and initiating embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage. Is therefore a strong candidate for the egg-activating soluble sperm factor that is transferred from the sperm into the egg cytoplasm following gamete membrane fusion. May exert an inhibitory effect on phospholipase-C-coupled processes that depend on calcium ions and protein kinase C, including CFTR trafficking and function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Exhibits alternative cytoplasmic/nuclear localization during development. Translocates from the pronucleus into cytoplasm upon nuclear envelope breakdown for mitosis and localizes again to the pronucleus at interphase following meiosis and mitosis (By similarity).


FUNCTION: An essential component of the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2 which functions as an activator of the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway (PubMed:27166823, PubMed:23723238). The two GATOR subcomplexes, GATOR1 and GATOR2, regulate the TORC1 pathway in order to mediate metabolic homeostasis, female gametogenesis and the response to amino acid limitation and complete starvation (PubMed:27166823, PubMed:23723238). GATOR2 activates the TORC1 signaling pathway through the inhibition of the GATOR1 subcomplex, controlling the switch to cell proliferation and growth under nutrient replete conditions and during female oocyte development (PubMed:27166823, PubMed:23723238). This GATOR2 component is required for activating TORC1 and promoting cell growth in both germline and somatic cells (PubMed:27166823, PubMed:23723238). In addition to its role in regulation of the TORC1 complex, functions independently of TORC1 to promote the acidification of lysosomes and facilitates autophagic flux (PubMed:27166823). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome Note=Localizes to lysosomes and autolysosomes under fed and starved conditions (PubMed:27166823). In female egg chambers, localizes primarily to autophagosomes and autolysosomes during amino-acid starvation (PubMed:27166823). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat WDR24 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the metabolism of insect hormones and in the breakdown of synthetic insecticides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: G-protein coupled receptor for CRH (corticotropin-releasing factor) and UCN (urocortin). Has high affinity for CRH and UCN. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes the activation of adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels. Inhibits the activity of the calcium channel CACNA1H. Required for normal embryonic development of the adrenal gland and for normal hormonal responses to stress. Plays a role in the response to anxiogenic stimuli. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endosome Note=Agonist-binding promotes endocytosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family.


FUNCTION: Trifunctional enzyme bearing the Gln amidotransferase (GATase) domain of anthranilate synthase, indole-glycerolphosphate synthase, and phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase activities.


FUNCTION: Is involved in L-lactate degradation and allows cells to grow with lactate as the sole carbon source. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LutA/YkgE family.


FUNCTION: Converts testosterone (T) into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5- alpha-3-oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family.


FUNCTION: Core component of the DBIRD complex, a multiprotein complex that acts at the interface between core mRNP particles and RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and integrates transcript elongation with the regulation of alternative splicing: the DBIRD complex affects local transcript elongation rates and alternative splicing of a large set of exons embedded in (A + T)-rich DNA regions. May play a role in neuronal differentiation and is able to bind DNA and activate expression in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AKAP95 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex ZnuABC involved in zinc import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex ZnuABC involved in zinc import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Zinc importer (TC 3.A.1.15.5) family.


FUNCTION: Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA2C sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of anthranilate dioxygenase multicomponent enzyme system which catalyzes the incorporation of both atoms of molecular oxygen into anthranilate to form catechol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase beta subunit family.


FUNCTION: [Phoenixin-14]: Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (PubMed:27440717, PubMed:28844870, PubMed:29364701, PubMed:28965207, PubMed:30609107). Is a ligand for GPR173 (PubMed:27440717). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (PubMed:22963497, PubMed:27440717). More specifically, it regulates the expression of transcription factors CEBPB and POU2F1/OCT1 through the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, which subsequently regulate the expression of GNRHR and KISS1 (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (PubMed:29364701). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety by increasing NUCB2 expression in neurons (PubMed:28844870, PubMed:30930149). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (By similarity). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (By similarity). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation by activating the AKT1-NOS3 and MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:28965207). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (PubMed:28965207). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (PubMed:30251651). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS1 and INS2 through activation of the MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:31422055). FUNCTION: [Phoenixin-20]: Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (PubMed:27440717, PubMed:28844870, PubMed:29364701, PubMed:28965207, PubMed:30609107). Is a ligand for GPR173 (PubMed:27440717). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (PubMed:22963497, PubMed:27440717). More specifically, it regulates the expression of transcription factors CEBPB and POU2F1/OCT1 through the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, which subsequently regulate the expression of GNRHR and KISS1 (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (PubMed:29364701). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety by increasing NUCB2 expression in neurons (PubMed:28844870, PubMed:30930149). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (By similarity). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (By similarity). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation by activating the AKT1-NOS3 and MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:28965207). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (PubMed:28965207). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (PubMed:30251651). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS1 and INS2 through activation of the MAPK1-MAPK3 signaling pathways (PubMed:31422055). FUNCTION: [Small integral membrane protein 20]: Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, that regulates cytochrome c oxidase assembly (By similarity). Promotes the progression of complex assembly after the association of Mt-Co1/Cox11 with Cox4I1 and Cox6c (By similarity). Chaperone-like assembly factor required to stabilize newly synthesized Mt-Co1/Cox1 and to prevent its premature turnover (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Phoenixin-14]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Phoenixin-20]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Small integral membrane protein 20]: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single- pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB11 is part of the core element with the central large cleft (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in glycosylation events. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family. MraY subfamily.


FUNCTION: Nuclear genome-encoded factor required for the accumulation of photosystem I (PSI). Functions as PSI biogenesis factor. Cooperates with PSA3 to promote the stable assembly of PSI in the thylakoid membrane. May target primarily the PsaC subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Copurifies with PSI.


FUNCTION: Chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster- containing proteins. Has a low intrinsic ATPase activity which is markedly stimulated by HscB (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Functions in replication-dependent translation of histone mRNAs which differ from other eukaryotic mRNAs in that they do not end with a poly-A tail but a stem-loop. May participate in circularizing those mRNAs specifically enhancing their translation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIF4GD family.


FUNCTION: Probable component of the calreticulin 3 (CRT3) complex, acting probably as a co-chaperone involved in protein retention in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen. Required for micropylar pollen tube guidance. Plays an essential role in cell plate orientation or positioning in early embryo patterning. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum lumen Note=Exclusive ER lumen localization and no membrane localization in PubMed:21954464. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TAPT1 family.


FUNCTION: Heme-containing oxidoreductase which catalyzes the conversion of thiocyanate (SCN(-)) into antimicrobial agent hypothiocyanous acid (OSCN(-)) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (By similarity). Also involved in the conversion of iodide (I(-)) into hypoiodite (IO(-)) in the presence of H2O2 (By similarity). Responsible for the inactivation of a wide range of micro-organisms and hence, important component of defense mechanism (By similarity). May be implicated in airway host defense against infection (By similarity). May contribute to maintaining an appropriate H2O2 cellular level, therefore protecting cells from H2O2-caused injuries and inflammation (PubMed:34127712). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Cytoplasm Note=Expressed in the cytoplasm in intestinal epithelial cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in agglutination during conjugation or other aspects of colony formation (By similarity). Induces flocculation when overexpressed (PubMed:23236291). FUNCTION: May be involved in agglutination during conjugation or other aspects of colony formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mam3/map4 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits hemopoiesis and stimulates chemotaxis. Chemotactic in vitro for thymocytes and activated T-cells, but not for B-cells, macrophages, or neutrophils. Shows preferential activity towards naive T-cells. May play a role in mediating homing of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs. Binds to atypical chemokine receptor ACKR4 and mediates the recruitment of beta-arrestin (ARRB1/2) to ACKR4. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family.


FUNCTION: J region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) beta chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens (PubMed:25493333). Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation (PubMed:23524462). The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity (PubMed:15040585). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane.


FUNCTION: Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of SMURF1, thereby acting as a positive regulator of the BMP signaling pathway. Required for dorsal/ventral pattern formation and bone mass maintenance. Also mediates ubiquitination of SMURF2 and WWP2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FBXL15 family.


FUNCTION: Could be a S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. YrrT family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: Ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 27 (ICK-3) subfamily.


FUNCTION: A core subunit of photosystem II (PSII). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ycf12 family.


FUNCTION: Has both toxic and EGF activity. Its EGF activity consists of rounding cells (morphological change) and inducing tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR in A431 cells, but with a lower potency that human EGF. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Nematocyst. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EGF domain peptide family.


FUNCTION: Squalene epoxidase; part of the third module of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that includes the late steps of the pathway (PubMed:16110826) (Probable). Erg1 catalyzes the epoxidation of squalene into 2,3-epoxysqualene (By similarity). The third module or late pathway involves the ergosterol synthesis itself through consecutive reactions that mainly occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Firstly, the squalene synthase erg9 catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to form squalene, which is the precursor of all steroids. Squalene synthase is crucial for balancing the incorporation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into sterol and nonsterol isoprene synthesis. Secondly, squalene is converted into lanosterol by the consecutive action of the squalene epoxidase erg1 and the lanosterol synthase erg7. Then, the delta(24)- sterol C-methyltransferase erg6 methylates lanosterol at C-24 to produce eburicol. Eburicol is the substrate of the sterol 14-alpha demethylase encoded by cyp51A and cyp51B, to yield 4,4,24-trimethyl ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trienol. The C-14 reductase erg24 then reduces the C14=C15 double bond which leads to 4,4-dimethylfecosterol. A sequence of further demethylations at C-4, involving the C-4 demethylation complex containing the C-4 methylsterol oxidases erg25A or erg25B, the sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase erg26 and the 3-keto-steroid reductase erg27, leads to the production of fecosterol via 4- methylfecosterol. The C-8 sterol isomerase erg2 then catalyzes the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols and thus converts fecosterol to episterol. The sterol-C5-desaturase erg3B then catalyzes the introduction of a C-5 double bond in the B ring to produce 5-dehydroepisterol. The 2 other sterol-C5-desaturases, erg3A and erg3C, seem to be less important in ergosterol biosynthesis. The C-22 sterol desaturase erg5 further converts 5-dehydroepisterol into ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol by forming the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. Finally, ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)- tetraen-3beta-ol is substrate of the C-24(28) sterol reductases erg4A and erg4B to produce ergosterol. Possible alternative sterol biosynthetic pathways might exist from fecosterol to ergosterol, depending on the activities of the erg3 isoforms (PubMed:16110826, PubMed:18191972) (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Microsome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the squalene monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Has E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, promoting ubiquitination and degradation of target proteins (PubMed:11823428, PubMed:22159038, PubMed:26575292). Involved in activation of the JAK/STAT pathway (PubMed:11823428, PubMed:22159038). Catalyzes ubiquitination of methylated RBM15 (PubMed:26575292). Plays a role in quality control of translation of mitochondrial outer membrane-localized mRNA (PubMed:29861391). As part of the PINK1-regulated signaling, upon mitochondria damage, ubiquitinates ABCE1 and thereby recruits autophagy receptors to the mitochondrial outer membrane to initiate mitophagy (PubMed:29861391). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Transcription activator that recognizes the motif 5'-TAACGG- 3' in the promoter of endosperm-induced genes (PubMed:27681170, PubMed:25194028, PubMed:19066902). Promotes vegetative-to-embryonic transition and the formation of somatic embryos from root explants in a WUS-independent manner but via the expression of embryonic genes (e.g. LEC1, LEC2, FUS3 and WUS) (PubMed:18695688). May play an important role during embryogenesis and seed maturation (PubMed:19066902, PubMed:25194028). Together with MYB115, activates the transcription of S-ACP-DES2/AAD2 and S-ACP-DES3/AAD3 thus promoting the biosynthesis of omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid in seed endosperm (PubMed:27681170). Regulates negatively maturation genes in the endosperm (PubMed:25194028). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 14 (magi-1) family. 03 (ICK-30- 40) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has bactericidal activity. Active against E.coli ML35 and S.aureus 502A. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-defensin family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in free fatty acids export from the plastids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM14 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the regulation and processing of late viral mRNAs by displaying RNA 5'-triphosphatase and diphosphatase activities. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class CDC14 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Oxidative deamination of D-amino acids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DadA oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may possess E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro.


FUNCTION: Starch-debranching enzyme involved in amylopectin biosynthesis in endosperm. Functions by removing excess branches or improper branches that interfere with the formation of double helices of the cluster chains of amylopectin and crystallization of starch (PubMed:16953433, PubMed:21436381). Works together with ISA1 as heterooligomer. The heterooligomer ISA1 and ISA2 possesses higher affinity than the ISA1 homooligomer for various branched polyglucans in vitro, but no marked differences exist in chain preferences for debranching of amylopectin and phytoglycogen between these forms (PubMed:16953433, PubMed:21436381). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of propionyl-CoA from propionate and CoA. Also converts acetate to acetyl-CoA but with a lower specific activity (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor which plays a role in hair follicle differentiation. Regulates FOXQ1 expression and that of other hair- specific genes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Abd-B homeobox family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ERG28 family.


FUNCTION: Auxiliary component of the CatSper complex, a complex involved in sperm cell hyperactivation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, cilium, flagellum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved in pectinase, cellulase, and blue pigment regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EamA transporter family.


FUNCTION: Lipid-binding protein which shows high specificity for the surfactant phospholipid dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC). Plays a role in the innate immune responses of the upper airways. Reduces the surface tension in secretions from airway epithelia and inhibits the formation of biofilm by pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, such as P.aeruginosa and K.pneumoniae. Negatively regulates proteolytic cleavage of SCNN1G, an event that is required for activation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), and thereby contributes to airway surface liquid homeostasis and proper clearance of mucus. Plays a role in the airway inflammatory response after exposure to irritants. May attract macrophages and neutrophils. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Apical side of airway epithelial cells. Detected in airway surface liquid, nasal mucus and sputum (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BPI/LBP/Plunc superfamily. Plunc family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0371 family.


FUNCTION: Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase (By similarity). Specifically demethylates 'Lys-4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Preferentially demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) and monomethylated H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me1) residues, while it has weaker activity for dimethylated H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me2). Also catalyzes demethylation of non-histone proteins (By similarity). Also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L8 on 'His-216', thereby playing a role in ribosome biogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=Granular part of nucleoli. Nucleoplasm, nucleoplasmic foci, some of them associated with nucleoli. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ROX family. NO66 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the degradation of extracellular nucleosides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Note=Present in the apoplastic fluid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IUNH family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal NMN adenylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: A probable RNA-binding protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KhpA RNA-binding protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac(4)C) at the wobble position of elongator tRNA(Met), using acetate and ATP as substrates. First activates an acetate ion to form acetyladenylate (Ac- AMP) and then transfers the acetyl group to tRNA to form ac(4)C34. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TmcAL family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEFL family.


FUNCTION: Binds and deliver cytosolic copper to the copper ATPase proteins. May be important in cellular antioxidant defense (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATX1 family.


FUNCTION: Has a role in chromatin assembly and chromosome segregation. Involved in the deacetylation of histones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat HIR1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the C4-hydroxylation of desacetoxyvindoline. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Plasma membrane t-SNARE that mediates docking of transport vesicles (By similarity). Necessary for the translocation of SLC2A4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane (By similarity). In neurons, recruited at neurite tips to membrane domains rich in the phospholipid 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-PC (OPPC) which promotes neurite tip surface expression of the dopamine transporter SLC6A3/DAT by facilitating fusion of SLC6A3-containing transport vesicles with the plasma membrane (PubMed:32963038). Together with STXB3 and VAMP2, may also play a role in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes and in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Cell projection, neuron projection Note=Localizes to neurite tips in neuronal cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the syntaxin family.


FUNCTION: Low-potential electron donor to a number of redox enzymes. NifF is the electron donor to nitrogenase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavodoxin family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain (PubMed:25759169). F-type ATP synthases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk (PubMed:27373333). During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation (PubMed:27373333). Part of the complex F(0) domain and the peripheral stalk, which acts as a stator to hold the catalytic alpha/ATP1(3)beta/ATP2(3) subcomplex and subunit a/ATP6 static relative to the rotary elements (PubMed:27373333). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side Note=The F-type ATP synthase complex is anchored in the mitochondrial inner membrane via the F(0) domain with the F(1) domain and the peripheral stalk extending into the mitochondrial matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.


FUNCTION: Heparin-dependent serine protease inhibitor acting in body fluids and secretions. Inactivates serine proteases by binding irreversibly to their serine activation site. Involved in the regulation of intravascular and extravascular proteolytic activities. Plays hemostatic roles in the blood plasma. Acts as a procoagulant and pro-inflammatory factor by inhibiting the anticoagulant activated protein C factor as well as the generation of activated protein C factor by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex. Acts as an anticoagulant factor by inhibiting blood coagulation factors like prothrombin, factor XI, factor Xa, plasma kallikrein and fibrinolytic enzymes such as tissue- and urinary-type plasminogen activators. In seminal plasma, inactivates several serine proteases implicated in the reproductive system. Inhibits the serpin acrosin; indirectly protects component of the male genital tract from being degraded by excessive released acrosin. Inhibits tissue- and urinary-type plasminogen activator, prostate-specific antigen and kallikrein activities; has a control on the sperm motility and fertilization. Inhibits the activated protein C- catalyzed degradation of SEMG1 and SEMG2; regulates the degradation of semenogelin during the process of transfer of spermatozoa from the male reproductive tract into the female tract. In urine, inhibits urinary- type plasminogen activator and kallikrein activities. Inactivates membrane-anchored serine proteases activities such as MPRSS7 and TMPRSS11E. Inhibits urinary-type plasminogen activator-dependent tumor cell invasion and metastasis. May also play a non-inhibitory role in seminal plasma and urine as a hydrophobic hormone carrier by its binding to retinoic acid (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space Note=Localized on the plasma membrane overlying the acrosomal head of spermatozoa of ependymal spermatozoa and ejaculated sperm. Localized at the equatorial segment of acrosome-reacted spermatozoa. Localized in alpha granules in resting platelets and on the external plasma membrane and within the surface-connected cannalicular system in activated platelets (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family.


FUNCTION: Regulates transcription of the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and the rhlE gene, which altogether are involved in the control of sensitivity to cefoperazone and chloramphenicol. Represses the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and activates the rhlE operon. Acts by binding to a palindromic sequence within the intergenic spacer located between these two divergently transcribed operons. FUNCTION: Regulates transcription of the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and the rhlE gene, which altogether are involved in the control of sensitivity to cefoperazone and chloramphenicol. Represses the cecR-ybhGFSR operon and activates the rhlE operon. Acts by binding to a palindromic sequence within the intergenic spacer located between these two divergently transcribed operons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent RNA helicase associated with the nuclear pore complex and essential for mRNA export from the nucleus. May participate in a terminal step of mRNA export through the removal of proteins that accompany mRNA through the nucleopore complex. May also be involved in early transcription (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nuclear pore complex. Nucleus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Nuclear pore complex cytoplasmic fibrils. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX19/DBP5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has a role in meiosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: The heterodimer acts as an E1 ligase for sumo1, sumo2, and sumo3. It mediates ATP-dependent activation of sumo proteins followed by formation of a thioester bond between a sumo protein and a conserved active site cysteine residue on uba2/sae2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.


FUNCTION: Regulates the plasmid copy number. Binds to the RepAB promoter thus controlling the synthesis of the plasmid replication initiator protein RepB. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory CopG/NikR family.


FUNCTION: Required for the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes. Possible subunit of a heme lyase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CycH family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the formin-like family. Class-I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Repressor involved in the biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine. It represses transcription of the choline transporter BetT and the genes of BetAB involved in the synthesis of glycine betaine (By similarity).


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HHV-5 US34A protein family.


FUNCTION: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various drugs and psychoactive substances, including ergot alkaloid derivatives, 1-2,5,- dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl-2-aminopropane (DOI) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Beta-arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and mediate activation of alternative signaling pathways. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system that modulates the activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and down-stream signaling cascades and promotes the release of Ca(2+) ions from intracellular stores. Regulates neuronal activity via the activation of short transient receptor potential calcium channels in the brain, and thereby modulates the activation of pro-opiomelacortin neurons and the release of CRH that then regulates the release of corticosterone. Plays a role in the regulation of appetite and eating behavior, responses to anxiogenic stimuli and stress. Plays a role in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Reversibly catalyzes the transfer of phosphate between ATP and various phosphogens (e.g. creatine phosphate). Creatine kinase isoenzymes play a central role in energy transduction in tissues with large, fluctuating energy demands, such as skeletal muscle, heart, brain and spermatozoa. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP:guanido phosphotransferase family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in the merozoite attachment to the erythrocyte. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Note=During host erythrocyte invasion by merozoites, carried into invaded erythrocytes where it is rapidly degraded.


FUNCTION: Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the thiazole moiety of thiamine. Catalyzes the conversion of NAD and glycine to adenosine diphosphate 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole-2-carboxylate (ADT), an adenylated thiazole intermediate, using free sulfide as a source of sulfur. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the THI4 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in regulating axonal regeneration and plasticity in the adult central nervous system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Converts cobyric acid to cobinamide by the addition of aminopropanol on the F carboxylic group. However, the true cosubstrate could be (R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate, leading to cobinamide phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CobD/CbiB family.


FUNCTION: Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals; these proteins are transcriptionally regulated by both heavy metals and glucocorticoids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HflD family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Gustducin-coupled receptor implicated in the perception of bitter compounds in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal tract. Signals through PLCB2 and the calcium-regulated cation channel TRPM5. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.


FUNCTION: Antagonizes canonical Wnt signaling by inhibiting LRP5/6 interaction with Wnt and by forming a ternary complex with the transmembrane protein KREMEN that promotes internalization of LRP5/6. DKKs play an important role in vertebrate development, where they locally inhibit Wnt regulated processes such as antero-posterior axial patterning, limb development, somitogenesis and eye formation. In the adult, Dkks are implicated in bone formation and bone disease, cancer and Alzheimer disease. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dickkopf family.


FUNCTION: Is a secondary, electrogenic Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that catalyzes Na(+) uptake and proton efflux. Makes modest contributions to pH homeostasis in the alkaline range of pH but is not contributor to Na(+) resistance. Appears to have a repressive effect on growth and on alkaline phosphatases production in the presence of sodium, by affecting the transcription of the phoP/phoR two-component regulatory system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NhaC Na(+)/H(+) (TC 2.A.35) antiporter family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the indolocarbazole antitumor agent rebeccamycin. Catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide-dependent dimerization of two L-tryptophan-derived molecules (imine form of indole 3-pyruvate (IPA)), to form dichlorochromopyrrolic acid (CPA), the precursor for the six-ring bisindolopyrrolocarbazole scaffold of the rebeccamycin. The hydrogen peroxide is provided together with iminoindolpropanoate by RebO. Due to the instability of indole 3- pyruvate (IPA), which is hydrolyzed in solution and exits in equilibrium with the predominant ketone form of IPA, the concerted functioning of the RebO/RebD system appears to prevent the buildup of significant amounts of IPA and its imine in solution, effectively shepherding the imine further down the biosynthetic chain. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RebD family.


FUNCTION: Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathway in neurons. Involved in the signal transduction pathways of neurotrophin-activated Trk receptors in cortical neurons (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Mediates cleavage of dimethylsulfonioproprionate (DMSP) into dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylate. DMS is the principal form by which sulfur is transported from oceans to the atmosphere and is a key component of the ocean sulfur cycle. FUNCTION: Mediates cleavage of dimethylsulfonioproprionate (DMSP) into dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylate. DMS is the principal form by which sulfur is transported from oceans to the atmosphere and is a key component of the ocean sulfur cycle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/glutamate racemases family. ALMA1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, telomere. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator. Binds the consensus sequence 5'- DHWATTGAYTWWD-3' on a variety of gene promoters such as those of HNF3B and TTR. Important for liver genes transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CUT homeobox family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPRTase family.


FUNCTION: Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems (By similarity). Plays important role in chloroplast development, particularly in the maintenance of thylakoids membranes. Seems to act as a heterodimer with FSD2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/manganese superoxide dismutase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the type III secretion system (T3SS), also called injectisome, which is used to inject bacterial effector proteins into eukaryotic host cells (PubMed:24722491). Acts as a regulator of the SsaN/SctN2 ATPase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Detected in both the soluble and membrane fractions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SctL stator family.


FUNCTION: Methylates large ribosomal subunit protein uL3 on a specific glutamine residue. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein N5-glutamine methyltransferase family. PrmB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair; the core histone deacetylase (HDAC) complex, which promotes histone deacetylation and consequent transcriptional repression; the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylase complex (the NuRD complex), which promotes transcriptional repression by histone deacetylation and nucleosome remodeling; the PRC2 complex, which promotes repression of homeotic genes during development; and the NURF (nucleosome remodeling factor) complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, telomere Note=Localizes to chromatin as part of the PRC2 complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial protein responsible for thermogenic respiration, a specialized capacity of brown adipose tissue and beige fat that participates in non-shivering adaptive thermogenesis to temperature and diet variations and more generally to the regulation of energy balance (By similarity). Functions as a long-chain fatty acid/LCFA and proton symporter, simultaneously transporting one LCFA and one proton through the inner mitochondrial membrane (PubMed:26038550). However, LCFAs remaining associated with the transporter via their hydrophobic tails, it results in an apparent transport of protons activated by LCFAs. Thereby, dissipates the mitochondrial proton gradient and converts the energy of substrate oxydation into heat instead of ATP. Regulates the production of reactive oxygen species/ROS by mitochondria (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein which constitutively binds TBK1 and IKBKE playing a role in antiviral innate immunity. Essential for the efficient induction of IRF-dependent transcription following infection with Sendai virus.


FUNCTION: Component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Plays an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family.


FUNCTION: The phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol (PI) to PI4P is the first committed step in the generation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PIP2), a precursor of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) (By similarity). Undergoes autophosphorylation and phosphorylates serine/threonine residues of protein substrates (PubMed:17880284). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. Type II PI4K subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid.


FUNCTION: Participates in chromosomal partition during cell division. May act via the formation of a condensin-like complex containing Smc and ScpB that pull DNA away from mid-cell into both cell halves. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associated with two foci at the outer edges of the nucleoid region in young cells, and at four foci within both cell halves in older cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ScpA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus B169L family.


FUNCTION: Part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the indole diterpenes penitrems (PubMed:26213965). The geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase penG catalyzes the first step in penitrem biosynthesis via conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate and isopentyl pyrophosphate into geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) (Probable). Condensation of indole-3-glycerol phosphate with GGPP by the prenyl transferase penC then forms 3-geranylgeranylindole (3-GGI) (Probable). Epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase penM leads to a epoxidized-GGI that is substrate of the terpene cyclase penB for cyclization to yield paspaline (Probable). Paspaline is subsequently converted to 13-desoxypaxilline by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase penP, the latter being then converted to paxilline by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase penQ (PubMed:26213965). Paxilline is converted to beta-paxitriol via C-10 ketoreduction by the short-chain dehydrogenase PC-15 which can be monoprenylated at the C-20 by the indole diterpene prenyltransferase penD (Probable). A two-step elimination (acetylation and elimination) process performed by the O-acetyltransferase PC-16 and the P.simplicissimum ptmI-ortholog not yet identified in P.crustosum, leads to the production of the prenylated form of penijanthine (Probable). The FAD-linked oxidoreductase ptmO then converts the prenylated form of penijanthine into PC-M5 which is in turn transformed into PC-M4 by the aromatic dimethylallyltransferase PC-22 (Probable). A series of oxidation steps involving 4 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (PC-21, PC-05, PC-23, PC-20) and a FAD-dependent monooxygenase (PC-14) are required for the transformation of PC-M4 to penitrems A and E. Synthesis of these final products is proposed to proceed via penitrems D and C (PC-21, PC-05, PC-14) and penitrems B and F (PC-21, PC-05, PC- 14, PC-23) (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the membrane-bound ascI terpene cyclase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL34 family.


FUNCTION: The keratin products of mammalian epidermal derivatives such as wool and hair consist of microfibrils embedded in a rigid matrix of other proteins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high- tyrosine keratins, having molecular weights of 6-20 kDa, whereas the microfibrils contain the larger, low-sulfur keratins (40-56 kDa).


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mannitol dehydrogenase family. UxaB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Negatively regulates its own expression and that of the subsequent genes in the proximal part of the division and cell wall (dcw) gene cluster. Acts by binding directly to DNA. May also regulate the expression of genes outside the dcw cluster. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MraZ family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome Note=Mainly found in the acrosomal cap region.


FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide that has a large activity spectrum with activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, as well as against fungi. Shows activity at micromolar concentrations. Displays minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC). May have a dual mode of action depending on the peptide concentrations. At MIC concentrations, the peptide penetrates into the cytoplasm of target cells (tested on the Gram-negative E.Coli). The two inner membrane proteins YgdD and SbmA may be required for this uptake. At concentrations higher than MIC, arasin may act by disrupting membranes. Does not show hemolytic activity.


FUNCTION: Putative zinc finger that may be involved in programmed cell death and defense response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role for the viral pathogenicity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the novirhabdovirus NV protein family.


FUNCTION: IGPS catalyzes the conversion of PRFAR and glutamine to IGP, AICAR and glutamate. The HisH subunit catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia as part of the synthesis of IGP and AICAR. The resulting ammonia molecule is channeled to the active site of HisF (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the 2'-O methylation of guanosine at position 18 in tRNA. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the 2'-O methylation of guanosine at position 18 in tRNA. Type II methylase, which methylates only a subset of tRNA species. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine with phospholipase A1 activity (By similarity). May act as an allergen and induce hemolytic activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methylation of C-15 in cobalt-precorrin-6B followed by the decarboxylation of C-12 to form cobalt-precorrin-7. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Archaeal-type CbiT family.


FUNCTION: Structural component of the virion that acts as a cement protein on the capsid exterior which mediates the interactions between the hexons, including the peripentonal hexons, and reaches all the way to the penton vertices. Two hexon linking proteins IIIa, one from each facet, stabilize the unique edge interface between a pair of facets. As the virus enters the host cell, hexon linking proteins IIIa are shed concomitant with virion acidification in the endosome. During virus assembly, seems to play a role in the serotype specificity of the packaging of viral DNA via its interaction with packaging protein 3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus Note=Surrounds the border of each facet on the capsid exterior. Present in around 60 copies per virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae hexon-linking protein IIIa family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of agmatine from arginine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-I family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.


FUNCTION: Appears to be proteolytically inactive. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Cytokine receptor that binds to B-lymphocyte chemoattractant (BLC). Involved in B-cell migration into B-cell follicles of spleen and Peyer patches but not into those of mesenteric or peripheral lymph nodes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that regulates the expression of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of azaterrilone A and other azaphilones, a class of fungal metabolites characterized by a highly oxygenated pyrano-quinone bicyclic core and exhibiting a broad range of bioactivities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Utilization of purines as secondary nitrogen sources, when primary sources are limiting. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the allantoicase family.


FUNCTION: Binds to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2). May have a role in transport via clathrin-coated vesicles from the trans-Golgi network to endosomes. Stimulates clathrin assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin- coated vesicle. Note=Found throughout the cell, with the exception of the cell surface. Concentrated in the perinuclear region and associated with clathrin-coated vesicles close to the trans-Golgi network. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the epsin family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the energy metabolism of the mature sperm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ACBP family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the DNA sequence mediating pheromone induction (called the pheromone response element = PRE) which is found in the upstream control region of several a-, alpha- and haploid-specific genes. Involved in mating of haploids and in pseudohyphae formation in diploids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STE12 transcription factor family.


FUNCTION: DNA glycosylase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation: specifically recognizes and binds 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in the context of CpG sites and mediates their excision through base-excision repair (BER) to install an unmethylated cytosine (PubMed:21817016). Cannot remove 5- hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). According to an alternative model, involved in DNA demethylation by mediating DNA glycolase activity toward 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) produced by deamination of 5hmC (PubMed:21722948). Also involved in DNA repair by acting as a thymine- DNA glycosylase that mediates correction of G/T mispairs to G/C pairs: in the DNA of higher eukaryotes, hydrolytic deamination of 5- methylcytosine to thymine leads to the formation of G/T mismatches. Its role in the repair of canonical base damage is however minor compared to its role in DNA demethylation. It is capable of hydrolyzing the carbon-nitrogen bond between the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA and a mispaired thymine. In addition to the G/T, it can remove thymine also from C/T and T/T mispairs in the order G/T >> C/T > T/T. It has no detectable activity on apyrimidinic sites and does not catalyze the removal of thymine from A/T pairs or from single-stranded DNA. It can also remove uracil and 5-bromouracil from mispairs with guanine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. TDG/mug family.


FUNCTION: Controls the rotational direction of flagella during chemotaxis. FUNCTION: Controls the rotational direction of flagella during chemotaxis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FliL family.


FUNCTION: This calcium-binding protein is found in the basal body complexes (the functional homolog of the centrosome in animal cell). In mitotic cells it is specifically associated with the poles of the mitotic spindles at the sites of the duplicated basal body complexes (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the centrin family.


FUNCTION: Insecticidal neurotoxin that reversibly inhibits the N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (GRIN) and inhibits inactivation of insect sodium channels (Nav). In vivo, is highly toxic to insects. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 03 (Tx2) family. 05 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). Binds to short RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and represses the translation of mRNAs which are complementary to them. Lacks endonuclease activity and does not appear to cleave target mRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, P-body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily.