FUNCTION: Prenyltransferase that catalyzes in vivo the transfer of the heptaprenyl moiety of heptaprenyl pyrophosphate (HepPP; 35 carbon atoms) to the C3 hydroxyl of sn-glycerol-1-phosphate (G1P), producing heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate (HepGP). This reaction is an ether-bond- formation step in the biosynthesis of archaea-type G1P-based membrane lipids found in Bacillales. To a much lesser extent, is also able to use geranyl diphosphate (GPP; C10) and geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP; C20) as the prenyl donors, but not farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP; C15). Cannot use glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) or 3-phosphoglycerate (3PG) as an acceptor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GGGP/HepGP synthase family. Group I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex is required for the maintenance of the cycling of mannose 6-phosphate receptors between the TGN and endosomes, this cycling is necessary for proper lysosomal sorting of acid hydrolases such as CTSD. Acts as component of the EARP complex that is involved in endocytic recycling. The EARP complex associates with Rab4- positive endosomes and promotes recycling of internalized transferrin receptor (TFRC) to the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Recycling endosome Note=Localizes to the trans-Golgi network as part of the GARP complex, while it localizes to recycling endosomes as part of the EARP complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VPS53 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds co- transcriptionally to the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). The CBC complex is involved in miRNA-mediated RNA interference via its interaction with Ars2 and is required for primary microRNAs (miRNAs) processing. Also involved in innate immunity via the short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) processing machinery by restricting the viral RNA production. In the CBC complex, Cbp20 recognizes and binds capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but requires Cbp80 to stabilize the movement of its N-terminal loop and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap- binding state with the cap structure (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM NCBP2 family.


FUNCTION: Converts phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns 4,5- P2) to PtdIns 5-P. IpgD is injected by Shigella into the host cell and is required for invasion. The accumulation of PtdIns 5-P causes membrane ruffling and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements at the entry site. Acts in concert with IpaA to coordinate and control the membrane and cytoskeletal rearrangements induced early after invasion of the host cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Secreted via the Mxi-Spa type III secretion system. It is stored in the bacterial cytoplasm associated with the chaperone IpgE before being secreted in response to activation of the type III secretion system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphatase IpgD/SopB family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in viral genome replication by driving entry of quiescent cells into the cell cycle. Stimulation of progression from G1 to S phase allows the virus to efficiently use the cellular DNA replicating machinery to achieve viral genome replication. E1A protein has both transforming and trans-activating activities. Induces the disassembly of the E2F1 transcription factor from RB1 by direct competition for the same binding site on RB1, with subsequent transcriptional activation of E2F1-regulated S-phase genes and of the E2 region of the adenoviral genome. Release of E2F1 leads to the ARF- mediated inhibition of MDM2 and causes TP53/p53 to accumulate because it is not targeted for degradation by MDM2-mediated ubiquitination anymore. This increase in TP53, in turn, would arrest the cell proliferation and direct its death but this effect is counteracted by the viral protein E1B-55K. Inactivation of the ability of RB1 to arrest the cell cycle is critical for cellular transformation, uncontrolled cellular growth and proliferation induced by viral infection. Interaction with RBX1 and CUL1 inhibits ubiquitination of the proteins targeted by SCF(FBXW7) ubiquitin ligase complex, and may be linked to unregulated host cell proliferation. The tumorigenesis-restraining activity of E1A may be related to the disruption of the host CtBP-CtIP complex through the CtBP binding motif. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae E1A protein family.


FUNCTION: Associated with cell lysis upon induction of PbsX. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: To B.licheniformis xpaF1 and xpaL1.


FUNCTION: Sulfurates the molybdenum cofactor. Sulfation of molybdenum is essential for xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and aldehyde oxidase (ADO) enzymes in which molybdenum cofactor is liganded by 1 oxygen and 1 sulfur atom in active form. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. MOCOS subfamily.


FUNCTION: Member of the eIF2 complex that functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This complex binds to a 40S ribosomal subunit, followed by mRNA binding to form a 43S pre-initiation complex. Junction of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form the 80S initiation complex is preceded by hydrolysis of the GTP bound to eIF2 and release of an eIF2-GDP binary complex. In order for eIF2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF2 must exchange with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by eIF-2B. EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha is a key component of the integrated stress response (ISR), required for adaptation to various stress: phosphorylation by metabolic-stress sensing protein kinases (EIF2AK1/HRI, EIF2AK2/PKR, EIF2AK3/PERK and EIF2AK4/GCN2) in response to stress converts EIF2S1/eIF2-alpha in a global protein synthesis inhibitor, leading to a attenuation of cap-dependent translation, while concomitantly initiating the preferential translation of ISR-specific mRNAs, such as the transcriptional activators ATF4 and QRICH1, and hence allowing ATF4- and QRICH1- mediated reprogramming. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, Stress granule Note=Colocalizes with NANOS3 in the stress granules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2-alpha family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the NELF complex, a complex that negatively regulates the elongation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) (PubMed:25773599). The NELF complex, which acts via an association with the DSIF complex and causes transcriptional pausing, is counteracted by the P-TEFb kinase complex (By similarity). May be able to induce chromatin unfolding (By similarity). Essential for early embryogenesis; plays an important role in maintaining the undifferentiated state of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by preventing unscheduled expression of developmental genes (PubMed:19340312). Plays a key role in establishing the responsiveness of stem cells to developmental cues; facilitates plasticity and cell fate commitment in ESCs by establishing the appropriate expression level of signaling molecules (PubMed:25773599). Supports the transcription of genes involved in energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes; facilitates the association of transcription initiation factors with the promoters of the metabolism-related genes (PubMed:24656816). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NELF-B family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (PubMed:8307176, PubMed:7883006, PubMed:8117308, PubMed:8135729, PubMed:7981210). The activity of this receptor can couple to both the inhibition of adenylate cyclase mediated by G(i) proteins, and to an elevation of intracellular calcium (PubMed:7883006, PubMed:8117308, PubMed:8135729, PubMed:7981210). Required for normal development of fever in response to pyrinogens, including IL1B, prostaglandin E2 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Required for normal potentiation of platelet aggregation by prostaglandin E2, and thus plays a role in the regulation of blood coagulation. Required for increased HCO3(-) secretion in the duodenum in response to mucosal acidification, and thereby contributes to the protection of the mucosa against acid- induced ulceration. Not required for normal kidney function, normal urine volume and osmolality (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine and 2- deoxyadenosine. Plays an important role in purine metabolism and in adenosine homeostasis. Modulates signaling by extracellular adenosine, and so contributes indirectly to cellular signaling events. May act as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side Cell junction Cytoplasmic vesicle lumen Cytoplasm Lysosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenosine and AMP deaminases family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of 'Lys-118' of histone H2A, thereby playing a central role in histone code and gene regulation. H2A 'Lys-118' ubiquitination gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression. Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. PcG complexes act via modification of histones, such as methylation, deacetylation, ubiquitination rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. May play a role in meiotic sister chromatid cohesion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. Note=Colocalizes with ubiquitinated histone H2A. Colocalizes with Pc, Pcl, Psc, ph at many sites on polytene chromosomes. Colocalizes with ORD on the chromatin of primary spermatocytes during G2 of meiosis.


FUNCTION: Exo-alpha-sialidase that catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the terminal sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac) of a glycan moiety in the catabolism of glycolipids, glycoproteins and oligosacharides. Efficiently hydrolyzes gangliosides including alpha- (2->3)-sialylated GD1a and GM3 and alpha-(2->8)-sialylated GD3 (PubMed:15847605, PubMed:21521691, PubMed:15213228). Hydrolyzes poly- alpha-(2->8)-sialylated neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM1 likely at growth cones, suppressing neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons (By similarity). May desialylate sialyl Lewis A and X antigens at the cell surface, down-regulating these glycan epitopes recognized by SELE/E selectin in the initiation of cell adhesion and extravasation (PubMed:21521691). Has sialidase activity toward mucin, fetuin and sialyllactose (PubMed:15847605). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Lysosome lumen Note=According to PubMed:15213228, isoform 2 is soluble, N-glycosylated and found in the lumen of lysosomes. However, no signal sequence nor N-glycosylation site is predicted from the sequence. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Mitochondrion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. Cell projection, neuron projection Note=Predominantly associates with endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Only a small fraction associates with mitochondrial and plasma membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 33 family.


FUNCTION: Histone methyltransferase that dimethylates histone H3 at 'Arg-17', forming asymmetric dimethylarginine (H3R17me2a), leading to activate transcription via chromatin remodeling (By similarity). Maternal factor involved in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming of the paternal genome in the zygote: mediates H3R17me2a, promoting histone H3.3 incorporation in the male pronucleus, leading to TET3 recruitment and subsequent DNA demethylation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Localizes in male and female zygote pronucleus and cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL23 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FliS family.


FUNCTION: Urotensin is found in the teleost caudal neurosecretory system. It has a suggested role in osmoregulation and as a corticotropin-releasing factor. The non-hormonal portion of this precursor may be a urotensin binding protein, urophysin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family.


FUNCTION: Shows antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria B.subtilis ATCC 6633 (MIC=2 ug/ml), and the Gram-negative bacteria E.coli JM109 (MIC=8 ug/ml). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MCD family. Mastoparan subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the p23/wos2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the epimerization of beta-D-mannuronate to alpha-L- guluronate during the synthesis of the linear polysaccharide alginate (PubMed:8830682). In addition, is part of a periplasmic protein complex that protects alginate from degradation by AlgL by channeling the newly formed alginate polymer through a scaffold that transfers the alginate polymer through the periplasmic space to the outer membrane secretin AlgE (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-mannuronate C5-epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Regulates and initiates biosynthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc), a precursor of sialic acids. Required for normal sialylation in hematopoietic cells. Sialylation is implicated in cell adhesion, signal transduction, tumorigenicity and metastatic behavior of malignant cells. Plays an essential role in early development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the UDP-N- acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the ROK (NagC/XylR) family.


FUNCTION: Putative RNA polymerase II subunit B1 C-terminal domain (CTD) phosphatase involved in RNA polymerase II transcription regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RPAP2 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the XLR/SYCP3 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL36 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the export and assembly of C6 fimbrial subunits across the outer membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fimbrial export usher family.


FUNCTION: Component of the nopaline active transport system probably consisting of four subunits: Q, M, P and T. This system is also capable of transporting octopine provided that catabolic functions are induced with nopaline. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. HisMQ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Predominantly in the mitochondria and in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family.


FUNCTION: Has a central role in coupling the hydrolysis of ATP to the transfer of proteins across the thylakoid membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=A minor fraction is associated with the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SecA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the final step in the synthesis of long-chain linear esters (waxes). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the wax synthase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAH family.


FUNCTION: Converts inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) to diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7/PP-InsP5). Converts 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (InsP5) to PP-InsP4. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family.


FUNCTION: [Envelope glycoprotein gp160]: Oligomerizes in the host endoplasmic reticulum into predominantly trimers. In a second time, gp160 transits in the host Golgi, where glycosylation is completed. The precursor is then proteolytically cleaved in the trans-Golgi and thereby activated by cellular furin or furin-like proteases to produce gp120 and gp41. FUNCTION: [Transmembrane protein gp41]: Acts as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of viral and target intracellular membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Complete fusion occurs in host cell endosomes and is dynamin-dependent, however some lipid transfer might occur at the plasma membrane. The virus undergoes clathrin-dependent internalization long before endosomal fusion, thus minimizing the surface exposure of conserved viral epitopes during fusion and reducing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these epitopes. Membranes fusion leads to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. FUNCTION: [Surface protein gp120]: Attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine coreceptor like CXCR4 and/or CCR5. Acts as a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. These interactions allow capture of viral particles at mucosal surfaces by these cells and subsequent transmission to permissive cells. HIV subverts the migration properties of dendritic cells to gain access to CD4+ T-cells in lymph nodes. Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. In trans infection, bound virions remain infectious over days and it is proposed that they are not degraded, but protected in non-lysosomal acidic organelles within the DCs close to the cell membrane thus contributing to the viral infectious potential during DCs' migration from the periphery to the lymphoid tissues. On arrival at lymphoid tissues, intact virions recycle back to DCs' cell surface allowing virus transmission to CD4+ T-cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Surface protein gp120]: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=The surface protein is not anchored to the viral envelope, but associates with the extravirion surface through its binding to TM. It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Transmembrane protein gp41]: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HIV-1 env protein family.


FUNCTION: Type II interferon produced by immune cells such as T-cells and NK cells that plays crucial roles in antimicrobial, antiviral, and antitumor responses by activating effector immune cells and enhancing antigen presentation. Primarily signals through the JAK-STAT pathway after interaction with its receptor IFNGR1 to affect gene regulation. Upon IFNG binding, IFNGR1 intracellular domain opens out to allow association of downstream signaling components JAK2, JAK1 and STAT1, leading to STAT1 activation, nuclear translocation and transcription of IFNG-regulated genes. Many of the induced genes are transcription factors such as IRF1 that are able to further drive regulation of a next wave of transcription. Plays a role in class I antigen presentation pathway by inducing a replacement of catalytic proteasome subunits with immunoproteasome subunits. In turn, increases the quantity, quality, and repertoire of peptides for class I MHC loading. Increases the efficiency of peptide generation also by inducing the expression of activator PA28 that associates with the proteasome and alters its proteolytic cleavage preference. Up-regulates as well MHC II complexes on the cell surface by promoting expression of several key molecules such as cathepsins B/CTSB, H/CTSH, and L/CTSL (By similarity). Participates in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cells during development and under homeostatic conditions by affecting their development, quiescence, and differentiation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family.


FUNCTION: Spindle assembly factor required for normal assembly of mitotic spindles. Required for normal assembly of microtubules during apoptosis. Required for chromatin and/or kinetochore dependent microtubule nucleation. Mediates AURKA localization to spindle microtubules. Activates AURKA by promoting its autophosphorylation at 'Thr-288' and protects this residue against dephosphorylation. TPX2 is inactivated upon binding to importin-alpha. At the onset of mitosis, GOLGA2 interacts with importin-alpha, liberating TPX2 from importin- alpha, allowing TPX2 to activates AURKA kinase and stimulates local microtubule nucleation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Note=During mitosis it is strictly associated with the spindle pole and with the mitotic spindle, whereas during S and G2, it is diffusely distributed throughout the nucleus. Is released from the nucleus in apoptotic cells and is detected on apoptotic microtubules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPX2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the non-oxidative decarboxylation and detoxification of phenolic derivatives under anaerobic conditions (PubMed:10438791, PubMed:7744052, PubMed:24193968, PubMed:15979273). Oxygen-sensitive phenolic acid decarboxylase that catalyzes the reversible decarboxylation of 4-hydroxybenzoate and 3,4- dihydroxybenzoate (PubMed:10438791, PubMed:7744052, PubMed:15979273). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UbiD family. YclC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine by condensation of 5-amino-6-(D-ribitylamino)uracil with 3,4-dihydroxy-2- butanone 4-phosphate. This is the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin. Is able to use the non-natural R enantiomer of 3,4- dihydroxy-2-butanone 4-phosphate as a substrate, but with less efficiency than the natural S enantiomer. Cannot use unphosphorylated 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone, 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 3-phosphate or diacetyl as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DMRL synthase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MetA family.


FUNCTION: Tyrosine kinase substrate that inhibits growth-factor- mediated activation of MAP kinase (PubMed:12646235). Inhibits fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced retinal lens fiber differentiation, probably by inhibiting FGF-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (PubMed:29501879). Inhibits TGFB-induced epithelial-to- mesenchymal transition in lens epithelial cells (PubMed:25576668). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein.


FUNCTION: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) beta chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens (PubMed:25493333). Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation (PubMed:23524462). The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity (PubMed:15040585). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane.


FUNCTION: Prolyl 3-hydroxylase that catalyzes the post-translational formation of 3-hydroxyproline on collagens (PubMed:21757687). Contributes to proline 3-hydroxylation of collagen COL4A1 and COL1A1 in tendons, the eye sclera and in the eye lens capsule (By similarity). Has high activity with the type IV collagen COL4A1, and lower activity with COL1A1. Catalyzes hydroxylation of the first Pro in Gly-Pro-Hyp sequences where Hyp is 4-hydroxyproline. Has no activity on substrates that lack 4-hydroxyproline in the third position (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum Sarcoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leprecan family.


FUNCTION: NQR complex catalyzes the reduction of ubiquinone-1 to ubiquinol by two successive reactions, coupled with the transport of Na(+) ions from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. The first step is catalyzed by NqrF, which accepts electrons from NADH and reduces ubiquinone-1 to ubisemiquinone by a one-electron transfer pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NqrF family.


FUNCTION: Mediates both low-affinity uptake and efflux of sugar across the plasma membrane (By similarity). Nectary-specific sugar transporter required for nectar production by mediating the secretion of sucrose from the nectary parenchyma to the extracellular space. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane Golgi apparatus, trans- Golgi network membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SWEET sugar transporter family.


FUNCTION: Protects DNA from oxidative damage by sequestering intracellular Fe(2+) ion and storing it in the form of Fe(3+) oxyhydroxide mineral, which can be released after reduction. It efficiently inhibits hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction. Does not bind DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Dps family.


FUNCTION: Probable b-type cytochrome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HupC/HyaC/HydC family.


FUNCTION: Plays a central role in 2-thiolation of mcm(5)S(2)U at tRNA wobble positions of tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Glu) and tRNA(Gln). May act by forming a heterodimer with NCS6/CTU1 that ligates sulfur from thiocarboxylated URM1 onto the uridine of tRNAs at wobble position. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CTU2/NCS2 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of mitochondrial genome-encoded proteins, including at least some of the essential transmembrane subunits of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The mitoribosomes are attached to the mitochondrial inner membrane and translation products are cotranslationally integrated into the membrane (PubMed:25609543, PubMed:24675956). bL19m is essential for respiration (PubMed:8771712). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Note=Mitoribosomes are tethered to the mitochondrial inner membrane and spatially aligned with the membrane insertion machinery through two distinct membrane contact sites, formed by the 21S rRNA expansion segment 96-ES1 and the inner membrane protein MBA1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.


FUNCTION: Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Involved in flowering processes by repressing unknown target genes and preventing reproductive development. Participates in polycomb group (PcG) protein complex- mediated (probably in complex with EMF1) silencing of the flower homeotic genes AGAMOUS (AG), PISTILLATA (PI), and APETALA3 (AP3), as well as of some regulatory genes such as ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), LONG VEGETATIVE PHASE1 (LOV1), and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) during vegetative development, by mediating trimethylation of histone 3 lysine 27 on the AG chromatin (H3K27me3). PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. They probably act via the methylation of histones, rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VEFS (VRN2-EMF2-FIS2-SU(Z)12) family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in melanin biosynthesis (PubMed:33100333). Catalyzes the conversion of L-dopachrome into 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2- carboxylic acid (DHICA). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Melanosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Melanosome Note=Proper trafficking to melanosome is regulated by SGSM2, ANKRD27, RAB9A, RAB32 and RAB38. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tyrosinase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of isoflavonoids. Specific for UDP-glucose. Can use genistein > daidzein > formononetin > quercetin > kaempferol > 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone > apigenin > aureusidin > esculetin > naringenin as substrates, but not cyanidin, trans-p- coumaric acid, caffeic acid, benzoic acid, m- and p-hydroxybenzoic acids, salicylic acid, salicyl alcohol, and hydroquinone. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the GTP-dependent successive addition of two or more gamma-linked L-glutamates to the L-lactyl phosphodiester of 7,8- didemethyl-8-hydroxy-5-deazariboflavin (F420-0) to form coenzyme F420- 0-glutamyl-glutamate (F420-2) or polyglutamated F420 derivatives. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CofE family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the endo hydrolysis of beta-1,4-linked mannan and galactomannan, but displays little activity towards other polysaccharides located in the plant cell wall (PubMed:11382747). Preferentially hydrolyzes the larger oligosaccharides and has greater activity against non-substituted polysaccharides (PubMed:7848261) (PubMed:8973192). It displays tight specificity for mannose at both the -2 and the -1 subsites (PubMed:19441796). Appears to act in synergy with alpha-galactosidase (AgaA) to elicit hydrolysis of galactomannan (PubMed:11064195). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 26 family.


FUNCTION: Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor involved in neuronal differentiation and/or phenotypic maintenance. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Part of the outer membrane protein assembly complex, which is involved in assembly and insertion of beta-barrel proteins into the outer membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BamA family.


FUNCTION: Putative transcription factor required for the expression of viral late genes.


FUNCTION: Suppresses neurite outgrowth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLITRK family.


FUNCTION: May function as a transcription factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes a wide range of dipeptides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Peptidase M19 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TALE/CUP9 homeobox family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial acyltransferase which transfers the acyl group to the N-terminus of glycine. Can conjugate a multitude of substrates to form a variety of N-acylglycines. Catalyzes the conjugation of arylacetic acids with glycine but does not have activity towards any alkyl-CoA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycine N-acyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Probably part of an ABC transporter complex. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of serine proteases. Can inhibit elastase, trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasmin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. PAR subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Overexpression of SNX15 disrupts the normal trafficking of proteins from the plasma membrane to recycling endosomes or the TGN (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sorting nexin family.


FUNCTION: Has calcium-dependent phospholipid scramblase activity; scrambles phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and galactosylceramide (By similarity). Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity (By similarity). May play a role in cell-cell interactions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Concentrates at sites of cell-cell contact. Shows an intracellular localization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anoctamin family.


FUNCTION: Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents (PubMed:10581243, PubMed:15210742, PubMed:15661922). Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X (By similarity). This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNA and IFNB (By similarity). In order to establish such an antiviral state, TBK1 form several different complexes whose composition depends on the type of cell and cellular stimuli (By similarity). Thus, several scaffolding molecules including FADD, TRADD, MAVS, AZI2, TANK or TBKBP1/SINTBAD can be recruited to the TBK1- containing-complexes (By similarity). Plays a key role in IRF3 activation: acts by first phosphorylating innate adapter proteins MAVS, STING1 and TICAM1 on their pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment of IRF3, thereby licensing IRF3 for phosphorylation by TBK1 (By similarity). Under particular conditions, functions as a NF-kappa-B effector by phosphorylating NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha/NFKBIA, IKBKB or RELA to translocate NF-Kappa-B to the nucleus (By similarity). Restricts bacterial proliferation by phosphorylating the autophagy receptor OPTN/Optineurin on 'Ser-177', thus enhancing LC3 binding affinity and antibacterial autophagy (By similarity). Phosphorylates SMCR8 component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, promoting autophagosome maturation (By similarity). Phosphorylates ATG8 proteins MAP1LC3C and GABARAPL2, thereby preventing their delipidation and premature removal from nascent autophagosomes (By similarity). Phosphorylates and activates AKT1 (By similarity). Seems to play a role in energy balance regulation by sustaining a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation in obesity, wich leads to a negative impact on insulin sensitivity (PubMed:23396211). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Upon mitogen stimulation or triggering of the immune system, TBK1 is recruited to the exocyst by EXOC2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. I-kappa-B kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Could be involved in splicing and/or processing of chloroplast RNA's. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast.


FUNCTION: Probably plays a role in facilitating the assembly of multimeric protein complexes inside the ER (By similarity). Is required for secretory polypeptide translocation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Potent inhibitor of shaker potassium channels as well as the mammalian homologs of shaker. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 03 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has antibacterial activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom protein 11 family. 01 (wap-1) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system ArsS/ArsR that regulates genes involved in biofilm formation and acid adaptation by acting on major ammonia-producing pathways (PubMed:22865848, PubMed:25997502, PubMed:27432830). Upon phosphorylation by ArsS, functions as a transcription regulator by direct binding to promoter regions of target genes including ureA, amiE and amiF to positively regulate their expression in response to acidic pH (PubMed:11751811, PubMed:16672598). Negatively autoregulates its expression (PubMed:11751811).


FUNCTION: MAP4K component of the MAPK pathway required for the mating pheromone response and the regulation of cell polarity and cell cycle. Phosphorylates histone H2B to form H2BS10ph (By similarity). Is involved in conidiation, aerial hyphal growth and infection-related morphogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the dynactin complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules. In the dynactin soulder domain, binds the ACTR1A filament and acts as a molecular ruler to determine the length (By similarity). Modulates cytoplasmic dynein binding to an organelle, and plays a role in prometaphase chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. Involved in anchoring microtubules to centrosomes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dynactin subunit 2 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Binds the poly(A) tail of mRNA (PubMed:2125288). Since it interacts with the cap-associating translation initiation factor eIF4G, it is likely that it functions by linking Atx2 to the cap-binding complex (PubMed:28388438). Forms a complex with tyf and Atx2 which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B, respectively (PubMed:28388438). The activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian locomotor behaviors, whereas the repressor complex (Atx2-Not1 repressor complex) promotes Not1- dependent post-transcriptional gene silencing and supports high- amplitude circadian rhythms in a per-independent manner (PubMed:28388438). In 0-1 hour embryos, forms a ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP) with me31B, eIF4E1, tral and cup which binds to various mRNAs including maternal mRNAs, and down-regulates their expression during the maternal-to-zygotic transition (PubMed:28875934). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polyadenylate-binding protein type-1 family.


FUNCTION: May be part of a membrane-spanning permease system necessary for the transport of pigment precursors into pigment cells responsible for eye color. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCG family. Eye pigment precursor importer (TC 3.A.1.204) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit. FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as a key regulator of cell membrane composition by regulating protein surface expression. Also, plays a role in regulation of processes including cell migration, cell proliferation, cell contraction and cell adhesion. Regulates transepithelial migration of neutrophils into the alveolar lumen, potentially via mediation of cell surface expression of adhesion markers and lipid raft formation (PubMed:31550239). Negatively regulates caveolae formation by reducing CAV1 expression and CAV1 amount by increasing lysosomal degradation (PubMed:17609206, PubMed:14978215). Facilitates surface trafficking and the formation of lipid rafts bearing GPI-anchor proteins (PubMed:14978215). Regulates surface expression of MHC1 and ICAM1 proteins increasing susceptibility to T-cell mediated cytotoxicity (PubMed:12763482). Regulates the plasma membrane expression of the integrin heterodimers ITGA6-ITGB1, ITGA5-ITGB3 and ITGA5-ITGB1 resulting in modulation of cell-matrix adhesion (PubMed:12189152). Also regulates many processes through PTK2. Regulates blood vessel endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by regulating VEGF protein expression through PTK2 activation (By similarity). Regulates cell migration and cell contraction through PTK2 and SRC activation (By similarity). Regulates focal adhesion density, F-actin conformation and cell adhesion capacity through interaction with PTK2 (By similarity). Positively regulates cell proliferation (By similarity). Plays a role during cell death and cell blebbing (By similarity). Promotes angiogenesis and vasculogenesis through induction of VEGFA via a HIF1A- dependent pathway (By similarity). Also plays a role in embryo implantation by regulating surface trafficking of integrin heterodimer ITGA5-ITGB3 (PubMed:16487956, PubMed:16216233). Plays a role in placental angiogenesis and uterine natural killer cell regulation at the maternal-fetal placental interface, however not required in the maternal tissues for a viable pregnancy (PubMed:28295343). Involved in the early stages of embryogenic development and cardiogenesis, potentially via regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition timing (PubMed:30773261). May play a role in glomerular filtration (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane Apical cell membrane Membrane raft Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Localizes in cytoplasm, foot processes and cell bodies of podocytes and nucleus of endothelial cells of kidney (By similarity). Localizes to the apical cell surface in the luminal epithelium and glandular epithelium (PubMed:16487956). Colocalized with ITGB1 and GPI-anchor proteins on plasma membrane (PubMed:12189152) (PubMed:14978215). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family.


FUNCTION: Is involved in generating a small heat-stable compound (Nod), an acylated oligomer of N-acetylglucosamine, that stimulates mitosis in various plant protoplasts. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide deacetylase family.


FUNCTION: Unknown for isoform 4. Csen is involved in calcium-dependent transcriptional repression, regulation of potassium channels, and perhaps in processing of PSEN2 and apoptosis.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization of L-xylulose-5-phosphate to L- ribulose-5-phosphate. Is involved in the anaerobic L-ascorbate utilization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Represents a citryl-ACP lyase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family. Citrate lyase beta subunit subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in catabolism of D-apiose. Catalyzes the decarboxylation of 3-oxo-isoapionate 4-phosphate to L-erythrulose 1- phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family.


FUNCTION: Involved in short-range signaling required for pollen tube attraction by the female gametophyte. Required for female fertility. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Extracellular serine carboxypeptidase that contributes to pathogenicity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S10 family.


FUNCTION: Probable extracellular aminopeptidase which contributes to pathogenicity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M28 family. M28E subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methyl transfer from S-adenosyl-methionine to the C-24 of zymosterol to form fecosterol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Erg6/SMT family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNase II family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator essential for Nod-factor-induced gene expression (PubMed:15961668). Acts downstream of calcium spiking and DMI3, a calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CCaMK) (PubMed:15961668). Transcription factor involved in the control of strigolactone biosynthesis in roots through the activation of the beta- carotene isomerase D27, which participates in a pathway leading to biosynthesis of strigolactones (PubMed:22039214, PubMed:26503135). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus membrane Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Mainly localized to the nuclear envelope. Also found in the endoplasmic reticulum. Upon Nod-factor application, the nuclear envelope localization disappears and the protein accumulates in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRAS family.


FUNCTION: Reduces the ATPase activity of VCP (PubMed:9824302, PubMed:9214505). Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for VCP-mediated reassembly of Golgi stacks after mitosis (PubMed:12411482). May play a role in VCP-mediated formation of transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER) (PubMed:10930451). Inhibits the activity of CTSL (in vitro) (By similarity). Together with UBXN2B/p37, regulates the centrosomal levels of kinase AURKA/Aurora A during mitotic progression by promoting AURKA removal from centrosomes in prophase (By similarity). Also, regulates spindle orientation during mitosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Golgi apparatus, Golgi stack Chromosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Predominantly nuclear in interphase cells (PubMed:12810701). Bound to the axial elements of sex chromosomes in pachytene spermatocytes (PubMed:1495983). A small proportion of the protein is cytoplasmic, associated with Golgi stacks (PubMed:12810701). Localizes to centrosome during mitotic prophase and metaphase (PubMed:23649807). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NSFL1C family.


FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H3 family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHRM2)- blocking activity, but has a weak binding activity toward nicotinic AChR. Moreover, it inhibits collagen-induced platelet aggregation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Ancestral subfamily. Orphan group V sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of ent-kaurene diterpenoids natural products such as oridonin, miltiradiene, eriocalyxin B and nezukol, known to exhibit antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities, and in the production of gibberellins phytohormones (PubMed:22284743). Catalyzes the conversion of (2E,6E,10E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) to ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) (PubMed:22284743). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsc subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transglycosidase operating by a ping-pong reaction mechanism. Involved in the synthesis of raffinose, a major soluble carbohydrate in seeds, roots and tubers. Able to utilize D-ononitol and D-pinitol as acceptors. May also act as a glycoside hydrolase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolases 36 family.


FUNCTION: Mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in a signal transduction pathway that is activated by changes in the osmolarity of the extracellular environment. Controls osmotic regulation of transcription of target genes (By similarity). Involved in vegetative and pathogenic development like conidia formation, sclerotial development, and in penetration into unwounded plant tissue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily. HOG1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in melanin biosynthesis (PubMed:33100333). Catalyzes the conversion of L-dopachrome into 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2- carboxylic acid (DHICA) (PubMed:1537333, PubMed:1537334). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Melanosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Melanosome Note=Proper trafficking to melanosome is regulated by SGSM2, ANKRD27, RAB9A, RAB32 and RAB38. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tyrosinase family.


FUNCTION: Forms the virus tail tube. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion.


FUNCTION: Involved in the retrograde transport from endosome to plasma membrane, a trafficking pathway that promotes the recycling of internalized transmembrane proteins. Following internalization, endocytosed transmembrane proteins are delivered to early endosomes and recycled to the plasma membrane instead of being degraded in lysosomes. SNX27 specifically binds and directs sorting of a subset of transmembrane proteins containing a PDZ-binding motif at the C- terminus: following interaction with target transmembrane proteins, associates with the retromer complex, preventing entry into the lysosomal pathway, and promotes retromer-tubule based plasma membrane recycling. SNX27 also binds with the WASH complex. Interacts with membranes containing phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PtdIns(3P)). May participate in establishment of natural killer cell polarity. Recruits CYTIP to early endosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Early endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=Localizes to immunological synapse in T-cells. In T-cells, recruited from the cytosol to sorting endosomes by phosphoinositide-3- kinase products (By similarity).


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SCRG1 family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo6/eukaryotic RPB6 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that may act during endoplasmic reticulum stress by activating unfolded protein response target genes. Activated in response to cAMP stimulation. Binds the cAMP response element (CRE). Activates transcription through box-B element and CRE. Seems to function synergistically with ATF6. In acute inflammatory response, may activate expression of acute phase response (APR) genes (By similarity). May be involved in growth suppression. Regulates FGF21 transcription (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism and is required for the maintenance of normal plasma triglyceride concentrations (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3]: Nucleus Note=Under ER stress the cleaved N-terminal cytoplasmic domain translocates into the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.


FUNCTION: Removal of H(2)O(2), oxidation of toxic reductants, biosynthesis and degradation of lignin, suberization, auxin catabolism, response to environmental stresses such as wounding, pathogen attack and oxidative stress. These functions might be dependent on each isozyme/isoform in each plant tissue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxidase family. Classical plant (class III) peroxidase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor Fz/Smo family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the slx1-slx4 structure-specific endonuclease that resolves DNA secondary structures generated during DNA repair and recombination. Has endonuclease activity towards branched DNA substrates, introducing single-strand cuts in duplex DNA close to junctions with ss-DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLX1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in heme degradation. Catalyzes the degradation of heme to biliverdin, with the release of iron. Forms biliverdin delta (70%) and beta (30%). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heme oxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the multicomponent 3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase. Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) and cinnamic acid (CI) into 3- phenylpropionate-dihydrodiol (PP-dihydrodiol) and cinnamic acid- dihydrodiol (CI-dihydrodiol), respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase beta subunit family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the production of GABA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cytoplasmic vesicle Presynaptic cell membrane; Lipid- anchor Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Associated to cytoplasmic vesicles. In neurons, cytosolic leaflet of Golgi membranes and presynaptic clusters (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in rRNA processing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EFG1 family.


FUNCTION: Acts as negative regulator of root hair development redundantly with GIR2 (PubMed:28526410). GIR1 and GIR2 may function as adapter proteins that associate with GL2 and participate in the control of root hair formation (PubMed:28526410). GIR1 and GIR2 may function as adapter proteins that associate with TPL and participate in the repression of root gene expression (PubMed:28526412). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the control of meiotic sister-chromatid recombination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes intracellular trehalose to glucose (By similarity). Plays a role in pathogenicity, specifically in proliferation of invasive hyphae in rice blast disease (PubMed:12514128). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 37 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that acts as negative regulator of lateral root (LR) development. Required for normal auxin responses during LR development. May be part of a negative feedback loop stimulated specifically in the endodermis upon LR initiation to ensure that LRs are formed only in the correct place. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Transcription regulator. Forms a sequence-specific DNA- binding protein complex with MYC or MAD which recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. The MYC-MAX complex is a transcriptional activator, whereas the MAD-MAX complex is a repressor (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAX family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in viral replication as a component of the DNA polymerase processivity factor. Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) superfamily. UNG family.


FUNCTION: Self assembles to form an icosahedral capsid. Most capsids appear to be large particles with an icosahedral symmetry of T=4 and consist of 240 copies of capsid protein, though a fraction forms smaller T=3 particles consisting of 180 capsid proteins. Entering capsids are transported along microtubules to the nucleus. Phosphorylation of the capsid is thought to induce exposure of nuclear localization signal in the C-terminal portion of the capsid protein that allows binding to the nuclear pore complex via the importin (karyopherin-) alpha and beta. Capsids are imported in intact form through the nuclear pore into the nuclear basket, where it probably binds NUP153. Only capsids that contain the mature viral genome can release the viral DNA and capsid protein into the nucleoplasm. Immature capsids get stuck in the basket. Capsids encapsulate the pre-genomic RNA and the P protein. Pre-genomic RNA is reverse-transcribed into DNA while the capsid is still in the cytoplasm. The capsid can then either be directed to the nucleus, providing more genomes for transcription, or bud through the endoplasmic reticulum to provide new virions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthohepadnavirus core antigen family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0313 family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Does not associate with membranes but has a diacylglycerol kinase activity. FUNCTION: Diacylglycerol kinase that converts diacylglycerol/DAG into phosphatidic acid/phosphatidate/PA and regulates the respective levels of these two bioactive lipids (PubMed:11719522). Thereby, acts as a central switch between the signaling pathways activated by these second messengers with different cellular targets and opposite effects in numerous biological processes (Probable). Has a higher activity with long-chain diacylglycerols like 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoyl)-sn-glycerol compared to 1,2-didecanoyl-sn-glycerol (By similarity). Specifically expressed in brain, it regulates neuron-specific morphological changes including neurite branching and neurite spine formation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm Note=Translocation to the plasma membrane is induced by phorbol esters. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family.


FUNCTION: This subunit has the target ssRNA endonuclease activity; it cleaves multiple sites in the target RNA at 6 nucleotide intervals. FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The type III-A Csm effector complex binds crRNA and acts as a crRNA-guided RNase, DNase and cyclic oligoadenylate synthase; binding of target RNA cognate to the crRNA is required for all activities. FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The type III-A Csm effector complex binds crRNA and acts as a crRNA-guided RNase, DNase and cyclic oligoadenylate synthase; binding of target RNA cognate to the crRNA is required for all activities (Probable). This CRISPR-Cas system protects bacteria against transformation with plasmids containing DNA homologous to its spacer regions (PubMed:29979631). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated Csm3 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription repressor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function (By similarity). Has a role in the exit from M phase during early mitotic cell division. More specifically, thought to act by degrading B-type cyclins that causes breakdown of nuclear envelope and exit mitosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CKS family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ComB family.


FUNCTION: Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin (TC 1.B.8.1) family.


FUNCTION: Required for dimerization of active 70S ribosomes into 100S ribosomes in stationary phase; 100S ribosomes are translationally inactive and sometimes present during exponential growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HPF/YfiA ribosome-associated protein family. Long HPF subfamily.


FUNCTION: One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S-like rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the head domain of the small subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family.


FUNCTION: This protein is essential for plasmid replication; it is involved in copy control functions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IncFII RepA family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator of the pentose catabolic pathway (PCP). Involved in the induction of a variety of PCP enzymes during growth on D-xylose. Has no effect on cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzyme activities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the xlnR/xlr1 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in forming the receptor site for cardiac glycoside binding or may modulate the transport function of the sodium ATPase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FXYD family.


FUNCTION: Component of the chloroplast ribosome (chloro-ribosome), a dedicated translation machinery responsible for the synthesis of chloroplast genome-encoded proteins, including proteins of the transcription and translation machinery and components of the photosynthetic apparatus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.


FUNCTION: Serine protease inhibitor that plays an essential role in male reproduction and fertility. Modulates the hydrolysis of SEMG1 by KLK3/PSA (a serine protease), provides antimicrobial protection for spermatozoa in the ejaculate coagulum, and binds SEMG1 thereby inhibiting sperm motility (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Bound to the surface of testicular and on the head and tail of ejaculate spermatozoa.


FUNCTION: Component of the viral envelope that plays a central role in virus morphogenesis and assembly via its interactions with other viral proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Largely embedded in the lipid bilayer. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gammacoronaviruses M protein family.


FUNCTION: Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays an important role in embryonic development, including dorsal versus ventral patterning during limb development, skeleton development and urogenital tract development (PubMed:16826533). Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation (PubMed:30026314). Required for normal, sexually dimorphic development of the Mullerian ducts, and for normal fertility in both sexes (By similarity). Required for normal neural stem cell proliferation in the hippocampus dentate gyrus (By similarity). Required for normal progress through the cell cycle in neural progenitor cells, for self-renewal of neural stem cells, and for normal neuronal differentiation and maturation (By similarity). Promotes formation of synapses via its interaction with FZD5 (By similarity). FUNCTION: Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors that functions in the canonical Wnt/beta- catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays an important role in embryonic development, including dorsal versus ventral patterning during limb development, skeleton development and urogenital tract development. Required for central nervous system (CNS) angiogenesis and blood-brain barrier regulation (By similarity). Required for normal, sexually dimorphic development of the Mullerian ducts, and for normal fertility in both sexes. Required for normal neural stem cell proliferation in the hippocampus dentate gyrus. Required for normal progress through the cell cycle in neural progenitor cells, for self- renewal of neural stem cells, and for normal neuronal differentiation and maturation. Promotes formation of synapses via its interaction with FZD5 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Wnt family.


FUNCTION: PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding (PubMed:20676357). Involved in regulation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) (PubMed:26387735). It is proposed that its association with the mPTP is masking a binding site for inhibiting inorganic phosphate (Pi) and promotes the open probability of the mPTP leading to apoptosis or necrosis; the requirement of the PPIase activity for this function is debated (PubMed:26387735). In cooperation with mitochondrial p53/TP53 is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis (PubMed:22726440). Involved in modulation of mitochondrial membrane F(1)F(0) ATP synthase activity and regulation of mitochondrial matrix adenine nucleotide levels (By similarity). Has anti-apoptotic activity independently of mPTP and in cooperation with BCL2 inhibits cytochrome c-dependent apoptosis (PubMed:19228691). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family.


FUNCTION: Gamma chains make up the fetal hemoglobin F, in combination with alpha chains. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.


FUNCTION: Binds and transfers iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters to target apoproteins. Can hydrolyze ATP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.


SIMILARITY: To M.jannaschii MJ0886 C-terminal region.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS12 family.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of a potassium efflux system that confers protection against electrophiles. Required for full activity of KefB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family. KefG subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tachykinin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ring opening of 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl- CoA to form 3,4-didehydroadipyl-CoA semialdehyde. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the benzoyl-CoA oxygenase component C family.


FUNCTION: May specifically activate neuronal voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) at the resting membrane potential. Causes a marked contraction and extension of the caudal and dorsal fins in fish and noticeable spontaneous contractions of isolated frog neuromuscular preparations. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Participates in the reverse transport of cholesterol from tissues to the liver for excretion by promoting cholesterol efflux from tissues and by acting as a cofactor for the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). As part of the SPAP complex, activates spermatozoa motility (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the apolipoprotein A1/A4/E family.


FUNCTION: Required for nucleoid occlusion (NO) phenomenon, which prevents Z-ring formation and cell division over the nucleoid. Acts as a DNA-associated cell division inhibitor that binds simultaneously chromosomal DNA and FtsZ, and disrupts the assembly of FtsZ polymers. SlmA-DNA-binding sequences (SBS) are dispersed on non-Ter regions of the chromosome, preventing FtsZ polymerization at these regions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleoid occlusion factor SlmA family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the first step of sophorolipid biosynthesis. Catalyzes the terminal (at the omega-position) or subterminal (at the omega(-1)-position) hydroxylation of a fatty acid. This converts the fatty acid to a substrate for the subsequent glycosyltransferase reactions (PubMed:23516968, PubMed:24242247). Oleic acid is the preferred substrate, but it acts on various other C-16, C-18 and C-20 saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, namely palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, linoleic, cis-9,10-epoxystearic, trans-9,10-epoxystearic and arachidonic acid (PubMed:24242247). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Together with SRK2I, key component and activator of the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway that regulates numerous ABA responses, such as seed germination, Pro accumulation, root growth inhibition, dormancy and seedling growth, and, to a lesser extent, stomatal closure (PubMed:17307925). In response to ABA, phosphorylates the ESCRT-I complex component FREE1, which is required for ABA-induced FREE1 nuclear import (PubMed:30962512). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Carotene cis-trans-isomerase that converts 7,9,9'-tri-cis- neurosporene to 9'-cis-neurosporene and 7,9,9',7'-tetra-cis-lycopene (also known as prolycopene) into all-trans-lycopene. Isomerization requires redox-active components, suggesting that isomerization is achieved by a reversible redox reaction acting at specific double bonds. Isomerizes adjacent cis-double bonds at C7 and C9 pairwise into the trans-configuration, but is incapable of isomerizing single cis- double bonds at C9 and C9' (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carotenoid/retinoid oxidoreductase family. CrtISO subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia as part of the biosynthesis of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. The resulting ammonia molecule is channeled to the active site of a SNZ isoform. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaminase PdxT/SNO family.


FUNCTION: Magnesium transporter that mediates the influx of magnesium into the mitochondrial matrix (PubMed:11401429, PubMed:18384665). Required for normal expression of the mitochondrial respiratory complex I subunits (PubMed:18384665). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35) family.


FUNCTION: Transfers the acyl group from the sn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine to all-trans retinol, producing all-trans retinyl esters. Retinyl esters are storage forms of vitamin A (PubMed:28758396). LRAT plays a critical role in vision (By similarity). It provides the all-trans retinyl ester substrates for the isomerohydrolase which processes the esters into 11-cis-retinol in the retinal pigment epithelium; due to a membrane-associated alcohol dehydrogenase, 11 cis-retinol is oxidized and converted into 11-cis- retinaldehyde which is the chromophore for rhodopsin and the cone photopigments (By similarity). Required for the survival of cone photoreceptors and correct rod photoreceptor cell morphology (PubMed:25416279). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Rough endoplasmic reticulum Endosome, multivesicular body Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular body in hepatic stellate cells. Present in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear region in endothelial cells (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the H-rev107 family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain (PubMed:25759169). F-type ATP synthases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk (PubMed:27791192). During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation (By similarity). Subunits alpha/ATP1 and beta/ATP2 form the catalytic core in F(1) (By similarity). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha/ATP1(3)beta/ATP2(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta/ATP2 subunits (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side Note=The F-type ATP synthase complex is anchored in the mitochondrial inner membrane via the F(0) domain with the F(1) domain and the peripheral stalk extending into the mitochondrial matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Xylan 1,4-beta-xylosidase involved in the hydrolysis of xylan, a major structural heterogeneous polysaccharide found in plant biomass representing the second most abundant polysaccharide in the biosphere, after cellulose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 3 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the coenzyme Q biosynthetic pathway. May play a role in organizing a multi-subunit COQ enzyme complex required for coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Required for steady-state levels of COQ3, COQ4, COQ6, COQ7 and COQ9 polypeptides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COQ4 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. Essential for peroxisome biogenesis (By similarity) (PubMed:17550898, PubMed:18644345). Required for UBC4-independent ubiquitination of PEX5 (PubMed:17550898, PubMed:18644345). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Alpha-N-methyltransferase that methylates the N-terminus of target proteins containing the N-terminal motif [Ala/Pro/Ser]-Pro-Lys when the initiator Met is cleaved. Specifically catalyzes mono-, di- or tri-methylation of exposed alpha-amino group of Ala or Ser residue in the [Ala/Ser]-Pro-Lys motif and mono- or di-methylation of Pro in the Pro-Pro-Lys motif (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. NTM1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alpha-lysine and L-beta- lysine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. KamA family.


FUNCTION: An FAD-requiring monooxygenase active on tetracycline antibiotic and some of its derivatives, which leads to their inactivation (PubMed:26097034). Expression in E.coli confers high resistance to oxytetracycline, slightly less resistance to tetracycline, moderate resistance to minocycline but no resistance to tigecycline. Degrades tetracycline and oxytetracycline; the reaction requires NADPH (PubMed:26097034). Degrades and confers resistance to chlortetracycline (PubMed:28481346). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aromatic-ring hydroxylase family.


FUNCTION: Phosphorylates the second messenger diacylglycerol (DAG) to generate phosphatidic acid (PA), another important signaling molecule. PA is required for plant development and responses to abiotic stress and pathogen attack. May be involved in the accumulation of PA during cold stress. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic diacylglycerol kinase family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the regulatory switch from transcription to RNA replication. Acts late in infection by inhibiting viral transcription and up-regulating RNA replication. Inhibition of transcription by protein M2-2 requires phosphorylation of the phosphoprotein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopneumovirus M2-2 protein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 38 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the SAM-dependent methylations of uroporphyrinogen III at position C-2 and C-7 to form precorrin-2 via precorrin-1. Then it catalyzes the NAD-dependent ring dehydrogenation of precorrin-2 to yield sirohydrochlorin. Finally, it catalyzes the ferrochelation of sirohydrochlorin to yield siroheme. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the precorrin methyltransferase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the precorrin-2 dehydrogenase / sirohydrochlorin ferrochelatase family.


FUNCTION: Decarboxylates L-threonine-O-3-phosphate to yield (R)-1- amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate, the precursor for the linkage between the nucleotide loop and the corrin ring in cobalamin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex CcmAB involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes; once thought to export heme, this seems not to be the case, but its exact role is uncertain. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex CcmAB involved in the biogenesis of c-type cytochromes; once thought to export heme, this seems not to be the case, but its exact role is uncertain. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. CcmA exporter (TC 3.A.1.107) family.


FUNCTION: Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family.


FUNCTION: Atypical E2F transcription factor that participates in various processes such as angiogenesis and polyploidization of specialized cells. Mainly acts as a transcription repressor that binds DNA independently of DP proteins and specifically recognizes the E2 recognition site 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3'. Directly represses transcription of classical E2F transcription factors such as E2F1: component of a feedback loop in S phase by repressing the expression of E2F1, thereby preventing p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis. Plays a key role in polyploidization of cells in placenta and liver by regulating the endocycle, probably by repressing genes promoting cytokinesis and antagonizing action of classical E2F proteins (E2F1, E2F2 and/or E2F3). Required for placental development by promoting polyploidization of trophoblast giant cells. Acts as a promoter of sprouting angiogenesis, possibly by acting as a transcription activator: associates with HIF1A, recognizes and binds the VEGFA promoter, which is different from canonical E2 recognition site, and activates expression of the VEGFA gene (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the E2F/DP family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S33 family.


FUNCTION: Directs the termination of nascent peptide synthesis (translation) in response to the termination codons UAA, UAG and UGA (By similarity). Modulates plant growth and development (PubMed:21175633). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. It is required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. p34 is a component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the molecular motor that translocates viral genomic DNA in empty capsid during DNA packaging. Forms a tripartite terminase complex together with TRM1 and TRM2 in the host cytoplasm. Once the complex reaches the host nucleus, it interacts with the capsid portal vertex. This portal forms a ring in which genomic DNA is translocated into the capsid. TRM3 carries an RNase H-like nuclease activity that plays an important role for the cleavage of concatemeric viral DNA into unit length genomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus Note=Responsible for the nuclear localization of the two others subunits TRM1 and TRM2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae TRM3 protein family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class II DHOase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Mitochondrion inner membrane. Note=Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. Required for normal water homeostasis and to prevent excessive water loss through the skin, probably via an indirect effect on the expression levels of other proteins, since CLDN1 itself seems to be dispensable for water barrier formation in keratinocyte tight junctions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, tight junction Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane Note=Associates with CD81 and the CLDN1-CD81 complex localizes to the basolateral cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the claudin family.


FUNCTION: ATPase required for the genome encapsidation reaction. Part of the active packaging motor via the binding to the packaging RNA (pRNA), itself fixed to the head-tail connector at the unique portal vertex of the prohead. Binds and supercoils the DNA-gp3 to produce an initiation complex for DNA packaging. Provides the energy to actively pump the viral DNA into the prohead. Approximately one molecule of ATP is used in the packaging of 2 bp of viral DNA. After packaging, the ATPase and the pRNA are released from the prohead. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phi29likevirus gp16 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in the scarless healing of cutaneous wounds during the first two trimesters of development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paired homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a receptor for hemoglobin or the hemoglobin/haptoglobin complex of the host and is required for heme uptake. May be involved in virulence. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TonB-dependent receptor family. Hemoglobin/haptoglobin binding protein subfamily.


FUNCTION: Electroneutral antiporter that translocates urate across the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells in exchange for monovalent organic or inorganic anions (PubMed:21074513). Involved in renal reabsorption of urate and helps maintaining blood levels of uric acid (PubMed:21074513). Mediates urate uptake by an exchange with organic anions such as (S)-lactate and nicotinate, and inorganic anion Cl(-) (PubMed:21074513). Other inorganic anions such as Br(-), I(-) and NO3(-) may also act as counteranions that exchange for urate (By similarity). Also mediates orotate tubular uptake coupled with nicotinate efflux and to a lesser extent with lactate efflux, therefore displaying a potential role in orotate renal reabsorption. Orotate transport is Cl(-)-dependent (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator (TC 2.A.1) superfamily. Organic cation transporter (TC 2.A.1.19) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IIV-6 006L/238R/313L/468L family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methylation of glycine and sarcosine to sarcosine and dimethylglycine, respectively, with S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) acting as the methyl donor. It has strict specificity for glycine and sarcosine as the methyl group acceptors. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Glycine N-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Transports betaine and GABA. May have a role in regulation of GABAergic transmission in the brain through the reuptake of GABA into presynaptic terminals, as well as in osmotic regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A12 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Constituent of viral factories. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm Note=Constituent of spherical cytoplasmic structures, called virus factories, that appear early after infection and are the site of viral replication and packaging. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytoreovirus non-structural protein Pns12A family.


FUNCTION: Binds the telomeric double-stranded TTACAGG repeat and regulates telomere length. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Enriched throughout the euchromatic hemisphere.


FUNCTION: This protein may play a role in the biosynthesis of the prosthetic group of nitrogenase (FeMo cofactor). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NifD/NifK/NifE/NifN family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the catabolism of L-fucose. Catalyzes the dehydration of L-fuconate to 2-keto-3-deoxy-L-fuconate by the abstraction of the 2-proton to generate an enediolate intermediate that is stabilized by the magnesium ion. L-fuconate is the preferred substrate with 15-fold lower activity observed for L-galactonate and 8- fold lower activity with D-arabinonate. No activity detected with D- fuconate. Can also catalyze the epimerization of L-talonate and D- ribonate, but at slow rates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Binds and precipitates antigens of the parasite Echinostoma paraensei. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Inhibits IGF-mediated growth and developmental rates (By similarity). IGF-binding proteins prolong the half-life of the IGFs and have been shown to either inhibit or stimulate the growth promoting effects of the IGFs on cell culture. They alter the interaction of IGFs with their cell surface receptors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Is involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37, together with TsaD and TsaB. TsaE seems to play an indirect role in the t(6)A biosynthesis pathway, possibly in regulating the core enzymatic function of TsaD (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TsaE family.


FUNCTION: This venom insulin facilitates prey capture by rapidly inducing hypoglycemic shock. Intraperitoneal injection of this peptide into zebrafish lowers blood glucose with the same potency than human insulin. In vivo, when applied to water, this peptide reduces overall locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, observed as a significant decrease in the percentage of time spent swimming and movement frequency. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family.


FUNCTION: Nucleotide-sugar transporter that transports UDP-xylose and UMP in a strict counter-exchange mode. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPT transporter family. TPT (TC 2.A.7.9) subfamily.


FUNCTION: May participate in the maintenance of segment identity in the hindbrain and pituitary development, and maturation or maintenance of the overall structure of the nervous system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neuronatin family.


FUNCTION: The surface protein (SU) attaches the virus to the host cell by binding to its receptor. This interaction triggers the refolding of the transmembrane protein (TM) and is thought to activate its fusogenic potential by unmasking its fusion peptide. Fusion occurs at the host cell plasma membrane (By similarity). FUNCTION: The transmembrane protein (TM) acts as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and target cell membrane fusion, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Membranes fusion leads to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Transmembrane protein]: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Surface protein]: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=The surface protein is not anchored to the viral envelope, but associates with the extravirion surface through its binding to TM. It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N- terminus of Gag (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Participates in replication and packaging of the viral genome. Plays a crucial role, together with NSP5, in the formation of virus factories (viroplasms) which are large inclusions in the host cytoplasm where replication intermediates are assembled and viral RNA replication takes place. Displays ssRNA binding, NTPase, RNA triphosphatase (RTPase) and ATP-independent helix-unwinding activities. The unwinding activity may prepare and organize plus-strand RNAs for packaging and replication by removing interfering secondary structures. The RTPase activity plays a role in the removal of the gamma-phosphate from the rotavirus RNA minus strands of dsRNA genome segments. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm Note=Found in spherical cytoplasmic structures, called viral factories, that appear early after infection and are the site of viral replication and packaging. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rotavirus NSP2 family.


FUNCTION: Intracellular vesicle trafficking and protein transport. May play a role in adaptation to stress by recylcing macromolecules in specific cellular compartments. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Olfactory receptor specific for trimethylamine, a trace amine enriched in the urine of male mice, playing a role in social behavior. Trimethylamine is present at high concentration in the urine of male mice after puberty and acts as an attractant. This receptor is probably mediated by the G(s)-class of G-proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ATP-driven transport system AdcABC for zinc. Required for transformability. FUNCTION: Part of the ATP-driven transport system AdcABC for zinc. Required for transformability (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of equisetin, a trans-fused decalin- containing tetramic acid with antimicrobial activity (PubMed:23614392). The PKS module of eqxS together with the enoylreductase eqxC catalyze the formation of the polyketide unit which is then conjugated to L- serine by the condensation domain of the eqxS NRPS module (PubMed:23614392). Activity of the Dieckmann cyclase domain (RED) results in release of the Dieckmann product intermediate (PubMed:23614392, PubMed:18652469). Diels-Alderase eqx3 is involved in endo-selective Diels-Alder cycloaddition to form the decalin ring, leading to the production of N-desmethylequisetin also called trichosetin (By similarity). Subsequent N-methylation is carried out by eqxD to give equisetin (PubMed:23614392). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits arylsulfatase activity and highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity (By similarity). It can remove sulfate from the C-6 position of glucosamine within specific subregions of intact heparin (By similarity). Diminishes HSPG (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) sulfation, inhibits signaling by heparin-dependent growth factors, diminishes proliferation, and facilitates apoptosis in response to exogenous stimulation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Extracellular sulfatase Sulf-2 secreted form]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus, Golgi stack Cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfatase family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits the transcriptional repressor activity of REST by inhibiting its binding to DNA, thereby derepressing transcription of REST target genes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Colocalizes with REST in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.