FUNCTION: Part of the xanthophyll (or violaxanthin) cycle for controlling the concentration of zeaxanthin in chloroplasts. Catalyzes the two-step mono de-epoxidation reaction. Stereospecific for all-trans xanthophylls. Zeaxanthin induces the dissipation of excitation energy in the chlorophyll of the light-harvesting protein complex of photosystem II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Lumenal side Note=Binds to the thylakoid membrane at pH 5.2 and is released in the lumen at pH 7.2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Lipocalin family.


FUNCTION: Functions in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids. Catalyzes the dehydration of (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate (2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylvalerate) into 2-oxo-3-methylpentanoate (2-oxo- 3-methylvalerate) and of (2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate (2,3- dihydroxyisovalerate) into 2-oxo-3-methylbutanoate (2-oxoisovalerate), the penultimate precursor to L-isoleucine and L-valine, respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IlvD/Edd family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-H subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the bacilysin biosynthesis operon. May be involved in self-resistance to bacilysin by permitting efflux of this antibiotic. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Drug:H(+) antiporter-3 (DHA3) (TC 2.A.1.21) family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that acts in the long day flowering pathway and may mediate between the circadian clock and the control of flowering. Plays a role in the regulation of flowering time by acting on 'SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CO1', 'TERMINAL FLOWER 1' and 'FLOWERING LOCUS T'. Also regulates P5CS2 and ACS10 (involved in proline and ethylene biosynthesis, respectively). Regulates the expression of NAKR1 by binding to the 5'-TGTG(N2-3)ATG-3' motif (PubMed:27255839). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CONSTANS family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex BtuCDF involved in vitamin B12 import. Involved in the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. FecCD subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SfsA family.


FUNCTION: Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=internalized after activation by endothelins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Endothelin receptor subfamily. EDNRB sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: The primary product of this enzyme is 4,2',4',6'- tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed naringenin-chalcone or chalcone) which can under specific conditions spontaneously isomerize into naringenin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase which specifically dimethylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. Also required for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA, probably via its interaction with POLRMT and TFAM. Stimulates transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. rRNA adenine N(6)-methyltransferase family. KsgA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Potent selective inhibitor of high conductance (maxi-K), different medium and small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa1.1/KCNMA1 and others), as well as a voltage-dependent potassium channel (Kv1.3/KCNA3>Kv1.2/KCNA2>Kv1.6/KCNA3>>Shaker/Sh). It blocks channel activity by a simple bimolecular inhibition process. FUNCTION: Has a pH-specific antimicrobial activity against bacteria (B.subtilis, E.coli and S.aureus) and the fungus C.albicans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 01 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (By similarity). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation (By similarity). Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (By similarity). The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis (By similarity). The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures (By similarity). May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides (By similarity). Required for normal sperm development and male fertility (By similarity). Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells (By similarity). Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion (By similarity). Plays a role of glutathione peroxidase in platelets in the arachidonic acid metabolism (By similarity). Reduces hydroperoxy ester lipids formed by a 15-lipoxygenase that may play a role as down- regulator of the cellular 15-lipoxygenase pathway (By similarity). FUNCTION: Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (By similarity). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation (By similarity). Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (PubMed:24439385). The presence of selenocysteine (Sec) versus Cys at the active site is essential for life: it provides resistance to overoxidation and prevents cells against ferroptosis (By similarity). The presence of Sec at the active site is also essential for the survival of a specific type of parvalbumin-positive interneurons, thereby preventing against fatal epileptic seizures (By similarity). May be required to protect cells from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides (By similarity). Required for normal sperm development and male fertility (By similarity). Essential for maturation and survival of photoreceptor cells (By similarity). Plays a role in a primary T-cell response to viral and parasitic infection by protecting T-cells from ferroptosis and by supporting T-cell expansion (By similarity). Plays a role of glutathione peroxidase in platelets in the arachidonic acid metabolism (PubMed:11115402). Reduces hydroperoxy ester lipids formed by a 15-lipoxygenase that may play a role as down- regulator of the cellular 15-lipoxygenase pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Mitochondrial]: Mitochondrion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Cytoplasmic]: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.


FUNCTION: Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. Acts on the anterior body structures. Acts downstream of meis3 to pattern the hindbrain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. Labial subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA methyltransferase O family.


FUNCTION: Controls the interaction of photosystem II (PSII) cores with the light-harvesting antenna. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Associated with the photosystem II complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbZ family.


FUNCTION: Binds to actin and affects the structure of the cytoskeleton. At high concentrations, profilin prevents the polymerization of actin, whereas it enhances it at low concentrations (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the profilin family.


FUNCTION: Metallothiol transferase which confers resistance to fosfomycin by catalyzing the addition of a thiol cofactor to fosfomycin. L-cysteine is probably the physiological thiol donor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fosfomycin resistance protein family. FosB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of L-glutamate 5- phosphate into L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde and phosphate. The product spontaneously undergoes cyclization to form 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gamma-glutamyl phosphate reductase family.


FUNCTION: Single strand-specific metallo-endoribonuclease involved in late-stage 70S ribosome quality control and in maturation of the 3' terminus of the 16S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the endoribonuclease YbeY family.


FUNCTION: As part of a cytosolic protein quality control complex, the bag6/bat3 complex, maintains misfolded and hydrophobic patches- containing proteins in a soluble state and participates in their proper delivery to the endoplasmic reticulum or alternatively can promote their sorting to the proteasome where they undergo degradation. The bag6/bat3 complex is involved in the post-translational delivery of tail-anchored/type II transmembrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Similarly, the bag6/bat3 complex also functions as a sorting platform for proteins of the secretory pathway that are mislocalized to the cytosol either delivering them to the proteasome for degradation or to the endoplasmic reticulum. The bag6/bat3 complex also plays a role in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), a quality control mechanism that eliminates unwanted proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum through their retrotranslocation to the cytosol and their targeting to the proteasome. It maintains these retrotranslocated proteins in an unfolded yet soluble state condition in the cytosol to ensure their proper delivery to the proteasome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GET4 family.


FUNCTION: This protein is located at the 30S-50S ribosomal subunit interface and may play a role in the structure and function of the aminoacyl-tRNA binding site. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL19 family.


FUNCTION: This molybdenum-iron protein is part of the nitrogenase complex that catalyzes the key enzymatic reactions in nitrogen fixation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NifD/NifK/NifE/NifN family.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) which catalyzes electron transfer from NADH through the respiratory chain, using ubiquinone as an electron acceptor. Essential for the catalytic activity and assembly of complex I. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the sequential NAD-dependent oxidations of L- histidinol to L-histidinaldehyde and then to L-histidine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histidinol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transfers a phosphoglycerol residue from phosphatidylglycerol to the membrane-bound nascent glucan backbones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OpgB family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the de novo pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Cell wall formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-alanine--D-alanine ligase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Forms a water-specific channel. Plays an important role in brain water homeostasis and in glymphatic solute transport. Required for a normal rate of water exchange across the blood brain interface. Required for normal levels of cerebrospinal fluid influx into the brain cortex and parenchyma along paravascular spaces that surround penetrating arteries, and for normal drainage of interstitial fluid along paravenous drainage pathways. Thereby, it is required for normal clearance of solutes from the brain interstitial fluid, including soluble beta-amyloid peptides derived from APP. Plays a redundant role in urinary water homeostasis and urinary concentrating ability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endosome membrane Cell membrane, sarcolemma; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell projection Note=Activation of the vasopressin receptor AVPR1A triggers AQP4 phosphorylation at Ser-180 and promotes its internalization from the cell membrane (By similarity). Detected on brain astrocyte processes and astrocyte endfeet close to capillaries (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CRK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Bidirectionally degrades single-stranded DNA into large acid- insoluble oligonucleotides, which are then degraded further into small acid-soluble oligonucleotides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the XseA family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS16 family.


FUNCTION: The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II UlaABC PTS system is involved in ascorbate transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of glucosamine-6-phosphate to glucosamine-1-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphohexose mutase family.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. This subunit can bind 18S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit G family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.


FUNCTION: This protein specifically catalyzes the removal of signal peptides from prolipoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A8 family.


FUNCTION: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPATA2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the diacylglyceryl group from phosphatidylglycerol to the sulfhydryl group of the N-terminal cysteine of a prolipoprotein, the first step in the formation of mature lipoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Lgt family.


FUNCTION: NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 3- phosphohydroxypyruvate to phosphoserine and of 3-hydroxy-2-oxo-4- phosphonooxybutanoate to phosphohydroxythreonine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. SerC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol- phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic PMM family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional coactivator which is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis (PubMed:16096061, PubMed:18313299, PubMed:22615583, PubMed:27462444). The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein (PubMed:16096061, PubMed:19900439). The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activity of the transcriptional complex formed by Scalloped (sd) and Yki and the target genes of this pathway include cyclin-E (cycE), diap1 and bantam (PubMed:16096061, PubMed:18313299). Regulates the expression of G1/S-specific CycE and diap1, thereby promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis (PubMed:18313299). Required for transcriptional activity of sd in wing imaginal disks (PubMed:18313299). Induces expression of expression of vestigial (vg) in wing and haltere disks and the expression of transcription factor E2f (E2f) (PubMed:18313299). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic (PubMed:18313299, PubMed:18256197, PubMed:19900439). sd promotes its nuclear localization (PubMed:18313299). 14-3-3epsilon, 14-3-3zeta and wts inhibit its nuclear localization (PubMed:18256197, PubMed:19900439). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YAP1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3- phosphoglycerate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG- dependent PGAM subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL32 family.


FUNCTION: Specifically hydrolyzes both 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP) and 8-oxo-guanosine triphosphate (8-oxo-GTP) to the related monophosphates, thereby cleaning up the nucleotide pools and preventing misincorporation of 8-oxoGua into DNA and RNA. It prevents replicational errors by removing an oxidatively damaged form of guanine (8-oxo-dGTP) from DNA and the nucleotide pool. 8-oxo-dGTP can be inserted opposite dA and dC residues of template DNA with almost equal efficiency thus leading to A.T to G.C transversions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Ligates lysine onto the cytidine present at position 34 of the AUA codon-specific tRNA(Ile) that contains the anticodon CAU, in an ATP-dependent manner. Cytidine is converted to lysidine, thus changing the amino acid specificity of the tRNA from methionine to isoleucine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA(Ile)-lysidine synthase family.


FUNCTION: [Gasdermin-C]: This form constitutes the precursor of the pore-forming protein: upon cleavage, the released N-terminal moiety (Gasdermin-C, N-terminal) binds to membranes and forms pores, triggering cell death. FUNCTION: [Gasdermin-C, N-terminal]: Pore-forming protein that causes membrane permeabilization and pyroptosis (By similarity). Released upon cleavage and binds to membrane inner leaflet lipids. Homooligomerizes within the membrane and forms pores of 10-15 nanometers (nm) of inner diameter, triggering pyroptosis (By similarity). The functional mechanisms and physiological proteases that cleave and activate this pore-forming protein are unknown (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gasdermin-C]: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Gasdermin-C, N-terminal]: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gasdermin family.


FUNCTION: This protein is an aporepressor. When complexed with L- tryptophan it binds the operator region of the trp operon (5'- ACTAGT-'3') and prevents the initiation of transcription. The complex also regulates trp repressor biosynthesis by binding to its regulatory region. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TrpR family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the acyloin condensation reaction between C atoms 2 and 3 of pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to yield 1-deoxy-D- xylulose-5-phosphate (DXP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transketolase family. DXPS subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation and mitophagy. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of ATG13 and ULK1, and the regulation of the ATG13-ULK1-RB1CC1 complex. Through its regulation of ULK1 activity, plays a role in the regulation of the kinase activity of mTORC1 and cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Preautophagosomal structure Note=Under starvation conditions, is localized to puncate structures primarily representing the isolation membrane; the isolation membrane sequesters a portion of the cytoplasm resulting in autophagosome formation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG13 family. Metazoan subfamily.


FUNCTION: GTPase that plays an essential role in the late steps of ribosome biogenesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngA (Der) GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Functions as two-component phosphorelay mediators between cytokinin sensor histidine kinases and response regulators (B-type ARRs). Plays an important role in propagating cytokinin signal transduction through the multistep His-to-Asp phosphorelay. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus.


FUNCTION: May act as a deubiquitinating enzyme.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TrpF family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA polymerase alpha chain family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.


FUNCTION: Probable antitoxin component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Neutralizes the activity of cognate toxin Rv3189 by blocking access to the toxin active site. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MbcA/ParS/Xre antitoxin family.


FUNCTION: Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase with relaxed tRNA specificity since it is able to aspartylate not only its cognate tRNA(Asp) but also tRNA(Asn). Reaction proceeds in two steps: L-aspartate is first activated by ATP to form Asp-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Asp/Asn). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Multidrug efflux pump that functions probably as a Na(+)/drug antiporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family. MdtK subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Common core component of RNA polymerases I and III which synthesize ribosomal RNA precursors and small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs, respectively (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo11/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.


FUNCTION: Participates in chain elongation of fatty acids. Catalyzes the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoAs of varying chain lengths from 6:1 to 16:1, having maximum activity with 10:1 CoA. Has no 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Required for the insertion and/or proper folding and/or complex formation of integral membrane proteins into the membrane. Involved in integration of membrane proteins that insert both dependently and independently of the Sec translocase complex, as well as at least some lipoproteins. Aids folding of multispanning membrane proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: IGPS catalyzes the conversion of PRFAR and glutamine to IGP, AICAR and glutamate. The HisH subunit catalyzes the hydrolysis of glutamine to glutamate and ammonia as part of the synthesis of IGP and AICAR. The resulting ammonia molecule is channeled to the active site of HisF. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Degrades abnormal exported proteins and responsible for the propeptide processing of a natural pro-protein and for the maturation of a native protein. It also plays a prominent role in stress (heat shock, ethanol, puromycin and NaCl) resistance during active exponential growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1C family.


FUNCTION: Negatively regulates the canonical Wnt signaling in breast cancer cells. Exerts an inhibitory effect on breast cancer growth by inhibiting CTNNB1 stabilization and nucleus translocation, which reduces the activity of Wnt targets (PubMed:29367600). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM170 family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the enolization of 2,3- diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into the intermediate 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate (HK- MTPenyl-1-P), which is then dephosphorylated to form the acireductone 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MasA/MtnC family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.


FUNCTION: Sodium-independent high-affinity choline uptake system. Uptake is not proton coupled. May play a role in metabolic adaptation to choline-containing environments. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BCCT transporter (TC 2.A.15) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of allantoin (5-ureidohydantoin) to allantoic acid by hydrolytic cleavage of the five-member hydantoin ring. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Allantoinase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the gluconeogenesis. Catalyzes stereospecifically the conversion of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) to D- glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor which plays an essential role in virulence by activating the transcription of iron uptake genes such as FRE7 in iron-poor environments such as the host bloodstream and internal organs. Promotes commensalism in a mouse model of gastrointestinal infection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Interaction with SFU1 promotes cytoplasmic localization whereas interaction with SSN3 and subsequent phosphorylation promotes nuclear localization. Nuclear localization is associated with virulence.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the enolpyruvyl moiety of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to the 5-hydroxyl of shikimate-3-phosphate (S3P) to produce enolpyruvyl shikimate-3-phosphate and inorganic phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EPSP synthase family.


FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Acts as a co-receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) in hepatocytes (PubMed:17325668, PubMed:20375010, PubMed:24038151). Associates with CD81 and the CLDN1-CD81 receptor complex is essential for HCV entry into host cell (PubMed:20375010). Acts as a receptor for dengue virus (PubMed:24074594). FUNCTION: Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. Required for normal water homeostasis and to prevent excessive water loss through the skin, probably via an indirect effect on the expression levels of other proteins, since CLDN1 itself seems to be dispensable for water barrier formation in keratinocyte tight junctions (PubMed:23407391). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, tight junction Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane Note=Associates with CD81 and the CLDN1-CD81 complex localizes to the basolateral cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the claudin family.


FUNCTION: Lipid phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cell projection, filopodium Cell projection, ruffle Late endosome Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.


FUNCTION: NAD-binding protein involved in the addition of a carboxymethylaminomethyl (cmnm) group at the wobble position (U34) of certain tRNAs, forming tRNA-cmnm(5)s(2)U34. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MnmG family.


FUNCTION: Binds the lower part of the 30S subunit head. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in a type II secretion system (T2SS, formerly general secretion pathway, GSP) for the export of proteins (By similarity). Required for the translocation of the multiple pectic enzymes (Probable). This subunit forms the outer membrane channel (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane Note=Most of the protein is in the periplasm which it traverses to contact proteins of the cell inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial secretin family. GSP D subfamily.


FUNCTION: Necessary for normal cell division and for the maintenance of normal septation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. EngB GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease. Proteolytically cleaves CTBP1. Mediates, with UTP25, the proteasome- independent degradation of p53/TP53. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C2 family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in the processes of spore formation and contributes to ascospore thermoresistance by participating in the morphogenesis of ascospore walls. The enzyme may do this by modifying glucan linkages in the developing ascospore wall, thus strengthening it or lending it plasticity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.


FUNCTION: This protein is a negative regulator for the gene expression of the lactose/galactose metabolic genes. It seems to block activation by the transcriptional activator LAC9 in the absence of an inducing sugar. SIMILARITY: To yeast GAL80.


FUNCTION: Peptide chain release factor 1 directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons UAG and UAA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetyl-CoA, using NAD(+) and coenzyme A. Can also act on propanal and butanal to form propanoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA, respectively. Is the final enzyme in the meta-cleavage pathway for the degradation of aromatic compounds such as phenols, cresols and catechols. NADP(+) can replace NAD(+) but the rate of reaction is much slower. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase beta subunit family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Nucleolar protein that acts as a regulator of RNA polymerase I by connecting RNA polymerase I with enzymes responsible for ribosomal processing and modification (PubMed:10567578, PubMed:26399832). Required for neural crest specification: following monoubiquitination by the BCR(KBTBD8) complex, associates with TCOF1 and acts as a platform to connect RNA polymerase I with enzymes responsible for ribosomal processing and modification, leading to remodel the translational program of differentiating cells in favor of neural crest specification (PubMed:26399832). Involved in nucleologenesis, possibly by playing a role in the maintenance of the fundamental structure of the fibrillar center and dense fibrillar component in the nucleolus (PubMed:9016786). It has intrinsic GTPase and ATPase activities (PubMed:9016786). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm Note=Shuttles between the nucleolus and the cytoplasm. At telophase it begins to assemble into granular-like pre-nucleolar bodies which are subsequently relocated to nucleoli at the early G1-phase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NOLC1 family.


FUNCTION: Endonuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves mobile four-strand junctions by introducing symmetrical nicks in paired strands. Promotes annealing of linear ssDNA with homologous dsDNA. Required for DNA repair, homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecU family.


FUNCTION: Shows cytolytic activity on many different cells by forming pore in lipid membranes. In vivo, increases heart rate or kills the animal by cardiac arrest. In addition, it binds to heparin with high affinity, interacts with Kv channel-interacting protein 1 (KCNIP1) in a calcium-independent manner, and binds to integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV/ITGB3) with moderate affinity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Type IA cytotoxin sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk, playing a central role in the interaction of the ribosome with GTP-bound translation factors. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL10 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex (complex III or cytochrome b-c1 complex) that is part of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The b-c1 complex mediates electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c. Contributes to the generation of a proton gradient across the mitochondrial membrane that is then used for ATP synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome b family.


FUNCTION: May function as component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARPC5 family.


FUNCTION: Monooxygenase that oxidizes ferruginol to produce sugiol (PubMed:26682704). Oxidizes ferruginol at C-12 to produce 11- hydroxyferruginol (PubMed:26682704). Can oxidize 11-hydroxyferruginol to 11-hydroxysugiol (PubMed:26682704). These products are intermediates in tanshinone biosynthesis (PubMed:26682704). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0506 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of three molecules of isopentenyl diphosphate with farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to yield (all-E)-hexaprenyl diphosphate (HexPP; C30), the precursor of the prenyl side chain of menaquinone-6. Large subunit Hexs-B catalyzes the condensation reaction and the final product chain length is cooperatively regulated by both the Hexs-A and Hexs-B subunits using the whole size of the hydrophobic cleft as a ruler.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes diadenosine 5',5'''-P1,P4-tetraphosphate to yield ADP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ap4A hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.


FUNCTION: Cell wall formation. Adds enolpyruvyl to UDP-N- acetylglucosamine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EPSP synthase family. MurA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute carrier. Mitochondrial solute carriers shuttle metabolites, nucleotides, and cofactors through the mitochondrial inner membrane. May act as a ATP-Mg/Pi exchanger that mediates the transport of Mg-ATP in exchange for phosphate, catalyzing the net uptake or efflux of adenine nucleotides into or from the mitochondria (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the cytosine at position 1407 (m5C1407) of 16S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RsmB/NOP family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent specificity component of the Clp protease. It directs the protease to specific substrates. Can perform chaperone functions in the absence of ClpP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ClpX chaperone family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the pseudouridine at position 1915 (m3Psi1915) in 23S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA methyltransferase RlmH family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0102 family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Key component of the proton channel; it may play a direct role in the translocation of protons across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase A chain family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate into phosphoenolpyruvate. It is essential for the degradation of carbohydrates via glycolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Secreted Cell surface Note=Fractions of enolase are present in both the cytoplasm and on the cell surface. The export of enolase possibly depends on the covalent binding to the substrate; once secreted, it remains attached to the cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the enolase family.


FUNCTION: NDH shuttles electrons from NAD(P)H:plastoquinone, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the photosynthetic chain and possibly in a chloroplast respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 2 family.


FUNCTION: Flagellin is the subunit protein which polymerizes to form the filaments of bacterial flagella. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Bacterial flagellum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial flagellin family.


FUNCTION: GTP-binding protein involved in nucleocytoplasmic transport (By similarity). Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export (By similarity). Involved in chromatin condensation and control of cell cycle (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.


FUNCTION: Phosphorolytic 3'-5' exoribonuclease that plays an important role in tRNA 3'-end maturation. Removes nucleotide residues following the 3'-CCA terminus of tRNAs; can also add nucleotides to the ends of RNA molecules by using nucleoside diphosphates as substrates, but this may not be physiologically important. Probably plays a role in initiation of 16S rRNA degradation (leading to ribosome degradation) during starvation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNase PH family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0223 family.


FUNCTION: Could be responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-55 in the psi GC loop of transfer RNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in oxygen transport from gills to the various peripheral tissues. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding protein that binds to both single- and double- stranded DNA. Binds preferentially to UV-damaged DNA. May be involved in DNA-metabolic processes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat DDB2/WDR76 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of N-acetyl-5- glutamyl phosphate to yield N-acetyl-L-glutamate 5-semialdehyde. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAGSA dehydrogenase family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M48B family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome b family. PetD subfamily.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA polymerase alpha chain family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond in imidazolone-5-propanoate to yield N-formimidoyl-L-glutamate. It is the third step in the universal histidine degradation pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. HutI family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the latter stages of the biosynthesis of the alpha-(1->6) mannan core of lipomannan (LM). Catalyzes the addition of alpha-(1->6)-mannose residue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MptA/B family.


FUNCTION: Enhances the activity of ATP2A1/SERCA1 ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum by displacing ATP2A1/SERCA1 inhibitors, thereby acting as a key regulator of skeletal muscle activity (PubMed:26816378, PubMed:30299255). Does not directly stimulate SERCA pump activity (PubMed:26816378). Enhances sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) uptake and myocyte contractility by displacing the SERCA inhibitory peptides sarcolipin (SLN), phospholamban (PLN) and myoregulin (MRLN) (PubMed:26816378, PubMed:30299255). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis, and function in nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria. The MDM12-MMM1 subcomplex functions in the major beta-barrel assembly pathway that is responsible for biogenesis of all outer membrane beta- barrel proteins, and acts in a late step after the SAM complex. The MDM10-MDM12-MMM1 subcomplex further acts in the TOM40-specific pathway after the action of the MDM12-MMM1 complex. Essential for establishing and maintaining the structure of mitochondria and maintenance of mtDNA nucleoids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=The ERMES/MDM complex localizes to a few discrete foci (around 10 per single cell), that represent mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum junctions. These foci are often found next to mtDNA nucleoids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MMM1 family.


FUNCTION: Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the signaling molecule autoinducer 2 (AI-2), a furanosyl borate diester, (3a-methyl-5,6-dihydrofuro- [2,3d][1,3,2]dioxaborole-2,2,6,6a-tetraol). This complex then interacts with the LuxQ sensor protein (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 2 family.


FUNCTION: Binds preferentially double-stranded telomeric repeats, but may also bind to the single telomeric strand. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Nucleus, nucleolus Chromosome, telomere Note=Localized to the nucleolus during interphase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family. SMH subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deacetylation of 1D-myo-inositol 2-acetamido-2- deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (GlcNAc-Ins) in the mycothiol biosynthesis pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MshB deacetylase family.


FUNCTION: Capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses. Blocks viral replication early in the life cycle, after viral entry but before reverse transcription. In addition to acting as a capsid-specific restriction factor, also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Binding to the viral capsid triggers its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, and in concert with the heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex UBE2V1- UBE2N (also known as UBC13-UEV1A complex) generates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains, which in turn are catalysts in the autophosphorylation of the MAP3K7/TAK1 complex (includes TAK1, TAB2, and TAB3). Activation of the MAP3K7/TAK1 complex by autophosphorylation results in the induction and expression of NF-kappa-B and MAPK- responsive inflammatory genes, thereby leading to an innate immune response in the infected cell. Plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly localizes in cytoplasmic bodies. Localization may be influenced by the coexpression of other TRIM proteins, hence partial nuclear localization is observed in the presence of TRIM22 or TRIM27. In cytoplasmic bodies, colocalizes with proteasomal subunits and SQSTM1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the urease gamma subunit family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the N4 position of cytidine in position 1402 (C1402) of 16S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RsmH family.


FUNCTION: Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchor biosynthesis. Transfers the first alpha-1,4-mannose to GlcN- acyl-PI during GPI precursor assembly. FUNCTION: Mannosyltransferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol- anchor biosynthesis. Transfers the first alpha-1,4-mannose to GlcN- acyl-PI during GPI precursor assembly (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PIGM family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DACH/dachshund family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate from ribose 5-phosphate (RBP), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) and ammonia. The ammonia is provided by the PdxT subunit. Can also use ribulose 5- phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate as substrates, resulting from enzyme-catalyzed isomerization of RBP and G3P, respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PdxS/SNZ family.


FUNCTION: Expressed but non-essential protein, involved in the virulence of Salmonellas.


FUNCTION: Involved in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Catalyzes methoxylation reactions of the glucosinolate indole ring. Converts the hydroxy intermediates 4-hydroxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (4OH- I3M) and 1-hydroxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (1OH-I3M) to 4- methoxy-indol-3-yl-methylglucosinolate (4MO-I3M) and 1-methoxy-indol-3- yl-methylglucosinolate (1MO-I3M), respectively. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS9 family.


FUNCTION: Required for KRAS signaling regulation and modulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:31406347). Regulator of KRAS prenylation, and probably prenylation of other small GTPases (By similarity). Required for lymphocyte development and function (By similarity). Not required for myeloid cell development (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of urocanate to 4-imidazolone-5- propionate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the urocanase family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the guanine in position 2445 (m2G2445) and the guanine in position 2069 (m7G2069) of 23S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. RlmKL family.


FUNCTION: Forms a proton-selective ion channel that is necessary for the efficient release of the viral genome during virus entry. After attaching to the cell surface, the virion enters the cell by endocytosis. Acidification of the endosome triggers M2 ion channel activity. The influx of protons into virion interior is believed to disrupt interactions between the viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP), matrix protein 1 (M1), and lipid bilayers, thereby freeing the viral genome from interaction with viral proteins and enabling RNA segments to migrate to the host cell nucleus, where influenza virus RNA transcription and replication occur. Also plays a role in viral proteins secretory pathway. Elevates the intravesicular pH of normally acidic compartments, such as trans-Golgi network, preventing newly formed hemagglutinin from premature switching to the fusion-active conformation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane Host apical cell membrane; Single-pass type III membrane protein Note=Abundantly expressed at the apical plasma membrane in infected polarized epithelial cells, in close proximity to budding and assembled virions. Minor component of virions (only 16-20 molecules/virion). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the influenza viruses matrix protein M2 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mab-21 family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-55 in the psi GC loop of transfer RNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase TruB family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. Formate oxidation is the final step in the methanol oxidation pathway in methylotrophic microorganisms. Has a role in the detoxification of exogenous formate in non-methylotrophic organisms. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. FDH subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in chemotaxis. Part of a chemotaxis signal transduction system that modulates chemotaxis in response to various stimuli. Catalyzes the demethylation of specific methylglutamate residues introduced into the chemoreceptors (methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins or MCP) by CheR. Also mediates the irreversible deamidation of specific glutamine residues to glutamic acid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CheB family.


FUNCTION: Protein with lectin and protease activity involved in the establishment of trypanosome infections in tsetse flies. Binds D- glucosamine and agglutinates bloodstream-form trypanosomes and rabbit red blood cells. Capable of inducing transformation of bloodstream-form trypanosomes into procyclic (midgut) forms in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the chorismate, which leads to the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Catalyzes the reversible NADPH linked reduction of 3-dehydroshikimate (DHSA) to yield shikimate (SA). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the shikimate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Intermembrane side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UQCRH/QCR6 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ferrous insertion into protoporphyrin IX. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferrochelatase family.


FUNCTION: Can catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single- stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single-stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic cleavage. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecA family.


FUNCTION: Component of the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system. Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family.


FUNCTION: Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (By similarity). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G- proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by arrestin and terminates signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment Note=Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to disk membranes in the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.


FUNCTION: May contribute to the conjugative processing of DNA. It has a functional relationship with Psi (plasmid-mediated sos inhibition) proteins.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. LeuB type 2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of N-acetyl-L- glutamate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetylglutamate kinase family. ArgB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Methylates ribosomal protein L11. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. PrmA family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates position 2 of adenine 2503 in 23S rRNA and position 2 of adenine 37 in tRNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RlmN family.


FUNCTION: Involved in CDC48-dependent protein degradation through the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.


FUNCTION: With S5 and S12 plays an important role in translational accuracy. FUNCTION: One of the primary rRNA binding proteins, it binds directly to 16S rRNA where it nucleates assembly of the body of the 30S subunit. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the double cyclization reaction which converts lycopene to beta-carotene and neurosporene to beta-zeacarotene. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast Plastid, chromoplast Plastid, chromoplast membrane Plastid, chloroplast membrane Note=Exists as an inactive soluble form and an active membrane-bound form. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lycopene cyclase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the inhibition of host DNA replication in the infected cell. Targets the mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) complex and blocks the accumulation of MCM proteins and their loading onto host chromatin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform UL117.5]: Host nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform UL117]: Host nucleus Note=The major fraction localizes to nuclear compartments. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae U84 family.


FUNCTION: Interconverts simultaneously and stereospecifically pyruvate and lactate with concomitant interconversion of NADH and NAD(+). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HisA/HisF family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the facilitated diffusion of 2-acyl-glycero-3- phosphoethanolamine (2-acyl-GPE) into the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. LplT (TC 2.A.1.42) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent transfer of a sulfur to tRNA to produce 4-thiouridine in position 8 of tRNAs, which functions as a near-UV photosensor. Also catalyzes the transfer of sulfur to the sulfur carrier protein ThiS, forming ThiS-thiocarboxylate. This is a step in the synthesis of thiazole, in the thiamine biosynthesis pathway. The sulfur is donated as persulfide by IscS. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ThiI family.


FUNCTION: Modifies, by uridylylation and deuridylylation, the PII regulatory proteins (GlnB and homologs), in response to the nitrogen status of the cell that GlnD senses through the glutamine level. Under low glutamine levels, catalyzes the conversion of the PII proteins and UTP to PII-UMP and PPi, while under higher glutamine levels, GlnD hydrolyzes PII-UMP to PII and UMP (deuridylylation). Thus, controls uridylylation state and activity of the PII proteins, and plays an important role in the regulation of nitrogen assimilation and metabolism. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GlnD family.


FUNCTION: Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Tpx subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the cell-cell adhesion. Has calcium- and magnesium-independent cell-cell adhesion activity. May have tumor- suppressor activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nectin family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits fibrinogen interaction with platelets. Acts by binding to alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B/ITGB3) on the platelet surface and inhibits aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and collagen (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom metalloproteinase (M12B) family. P-II subfamily. P-IIa sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the formation of tricellular tight junctions and of epithelial barriers (PubMed:16365161, PubMed:21245199). Required for normal hearing via its role in the separation of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces of the organ of Corti in the inner ear, and for normal survival of hair cells in the organ of Corti (PubMed:26677943). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell junction, tight junction Note=Found at tricellular contacts. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ELL/occludin family.


FUNCTION: Orphan receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Seed storage protein. Might be integrated via inter-chain disulfide bonds within the glutenin polymer (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prolamin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of threonine to tRNA(Thr) in a two- step reaction: L-threonine is first activated by ATP to form Thr-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Thr). Also edits incorrectly charged L-seryl-tRNA(Thr). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Lyase that catalyzes the formation of isoprene from dimethylallyl diphosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsb subfamily.


FUNCTION: Is required not only for elongation of protein synthesis but also for the initiation of all mRNA translation through initiator tRNA(fMet) aminoacylation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. MetG type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Molecular chaperone capable of stabilizing a range of proteins. Seems to fulfill an ATP-independent, HSP70-like function in archaeal de novo protein folding (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of alpha-ribazole-5'-phosphate from nicotinate mononucleotide (NAMN) and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (DMB). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CobT family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the 2-thiolation of uridine at the wobble position (U34) of tRNA, leading to the formation of s(2)U34. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MnmA/TRMU family.


FUNCTION: Aldehyde reductase that catalyzes the reduction of the aldehyde carbonyl groups on saturated and alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes with more than 5 carbons (PubMed:21169366). No activity on alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones (PubMed:21169366). Can use propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, methylglyoxal, (e)-2-pentenal, (E)-2- hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-nonenal as substrates, but not propenal (acrolein), crotonaldehyde, 2-butanone, 3-buten-2-one or 1- penten-3-one (PubMed:21169366). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine to S- adenosylmethioninamine (dcAdoMet), the propylamine donor required for the synthesis of the polyamines spermine and spermidine from the diamine putrescine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prokaryotic AdoMetDC family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GcvP family. N-terminal subunit subfamily.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, organellar chromatophore thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Covalent carrier of the coenzyme of citrate lyase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CitD family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast.


FUNCTION: Non-catalytic subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a regulator of cellular polarity by remodeling the actin cytoskeleton; probably by indirectly activating myosin. Beta non-catalytic subunit acts as a scaffold on which the AMPK complex assembles, via its C- terminus that bridges alpha (PRKAA1 or PRKAA2) and gamma subunits (PRKAG1, PRKAG2 or PRKAG3). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase beta subunit family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIM9 family.


FUNCTION: This is one of the proteins that binds to the 5S RNA in the ribosome where it forms part of the central protuberance. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL25 family. CTC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of O-acetyl-L-homoserine (OAH) into homocysteine in the methionine biosynthesis pathway (PubMed:11754480, PubMed:6526818). Can also use O-succinyl-L-homoserine and L-homoserine as substrates (PubMed:6526818). Has also cysteine synthase (O- acetylserine sulfhydrylase) activity in vitro, but in S.pombe, it seems only to be involved in the alternative pathway of methionine biosynthesis under cysteine deficiency conditions (PubMed:11754480). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.


FUNCTION: One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII), required for its stability and/or assembly. PSII is a light- driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbI family.


FUNCTION: Methyltransferase required for the conversion of demethylmenaquinol (DMKH2) to menaquinol (MKH2) and the conversion of 2-polyprenyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DDMQH2) to 2-polyprenyl-3- methyl-6-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinol (DMQH2). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. MenG/UbiE family.


FUNCTION: Forms part of the ribosomal stalk which helps the ribosome interact with GTP-bound translation factors. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL11 family.


FUNCTION: An essential GTPase that binds both GDP and GTP, with rapid nucleotide exchange. Plays a role in 16S rRNA processing and 30S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and possibly also in cell cycle regulation and energy metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Era GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Probable calcium-binding peroxygenase. May be involved in pollination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the caleosin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the czc cation-efflux system that confers resistance to cobalt, zinc and cadmium. May have a regulatory function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Adenine deaminase family.


FUNCTION: Could be a nuclease involved in processing of the 5'-end of pre-16S rRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YqgF nuclease family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that inhibits collagen- induced platelet aggregation. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavoredoxin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-glycero-D-manno-heptose 7- phosphate at the C-1 position to selectively form D-glycero-beta-D- manno-heptose-1,7-bisphosphate. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ADP transfer from ATP to D-glycero-beta-D- manno-heptose 1-phosphate, yielding ADP-D-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Key enzyme in the regulation of glycerol uptake and metabolism. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of glycerol to yield sn- glycerol 3-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FGGY kinase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(P)-dependent oxidation of 4-(phosphooxy)-L- threonine (HTP) into 2-amino-3-oxo-4-(phosphooxy)butyric acid which spontaneously decarboxylates to form 3-amino-2-oxopropyl phosphate (AHAP). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PdxA family.


FUNCTION: Contributes to degradation of proteins cross-linked by transglutaminases by degrading the cross-link between a lysine and a glutamic acid residue. Catalyzes the formation of 5-oxo-L-proline from L-gamma-glutamyl-L-epsilon-lysine. Inactive with L-gamma-glutamyl- alpha-amino acid substrates such as L-gamma-glutamyl-L-alpha-cysteine and L-gamma-glutamyl-L-alpha-alanine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the irreversible cleavage of the glycosidic bond in both 5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH/AdoHcy) to adenine and the corresponding thioribose, 5'- methylthioribose and S-ribosylhomocysteine, respectively. Also cleaves 5'-deoxyadenosine, a toxic by-product of radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymes, into 5-deoxyribose and adenine. Thus, is required for in vivo function of the radical SAM enzymes biotin synthase and lipoic acid synthase, that are inhibited by 5'-deoxyadenosine accumulation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PNP/UDP phosphorylase family. MtnN subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase complex involved in the purines biosynthetic pathway. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of formylglycinamide ribonucleotide (FGAR) and glutamine to yield formylglycinamidine ribonucleotide (FGAM) and glutamate. The FGAM synthase complex is composed of three subunits. PurQ produces an ammonia molecule by converting glutamine to glutamate. PurL transfers the ammonia molecule to FGAR to form FGAM in an ATP- dependent manner. PurS interacts with PurQ and PurL and is thought to assist in the transfer of the ammonia molecule from PurQ to PurL. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FGAMS family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of a nickel-pincer cofactor ((SCS)Ni(II) pincer complex). Binds Ni(2+), and functions in nickel delivery to pyridinium-3,5-bisthiocarboxylic acid mononucleotide (P2TMN), to form the mature cofactor. Is thus probably required for the activation of nickel-pincer cofactor-dependent enzymes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LarC family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3- isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LeuD family. LeuD type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May play a role in sperm development or sperm function (PubMed:17904097). However, does not appear to have an essential role in spermatogenesis or male fertility (PubMed:21439084). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, cilium, flagellum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Localizes to the midpiece of the sperm tail. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the patched family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydration of cyanide to formamide. Degradation of cyanide may be important for plant pathogenic fungi in infection of cyanogenic plants. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily. Nitrilase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the initiation and regulation of chromosomal replication. Binds to the origin of replication; it binds specifically double-stranded DNA at a 9 bp consensus (dnaA box): 5'- TTATC[CA]A[CA]A-3'. DnaA binds to ATP and to acidic phospholipids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DnaA family.


FUNCTION: FAD-dependent monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of lolitrems, indole-diterpene mycotoxins that are potent tremorgens in mammals, and are synthesized by clavicipitaceous fungal endophytes in association with their grass hosts (PubMed:16765617). The geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase ltmG is proposed to catalyze the first step in lolitrem biosynthesis (PubMed:16765617, PubMed:15991026). LtmG catalyzes a series of iterative condensations of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) with dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP), geranyl diphosphate (GPP), and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), to form GGPP (PubMed:16765617, PubMed:15991026). GGPP then condenses with indole-3-glycerol phosphate to form 3-geranylgeranylindole, an acyclic intermediate, to be incorporated into paxilline (PubMed:16765617). Either ltmG or ltmC could be responsible for this step, as both are putative prenyl transferases (PubMed:16765617). The FAD-dependent monooxygenase ltmM then catalyzes the epoxidation of the two terminal alkenes of the geranylgeranyl moiety, which is subsequently cyclized by ltmC, to paspaline (PubMed:16765617, PubMed:15991026). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases ltmQ and ltmP can sequentially oxidize paspaline to terpendole E and terpendole F (PubMed:22750140). Alternatively, ltmP converts paspaline to an intermediate which is oxidized by ltmQ to terpendole F (PubMed:22750140). LtmF, ltmK, ltmE and ltmJ appear to be unique to the epichloe endophytes (PubMed:16765617, PubMed:15991026). The prenyltransferase ltmF is involved in the 27-hydroxyl-O-prenylation (PubMed:22750140). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ltmK is required for the oxidative acetal ring formation (PubMed:22750140). The multi- functional prenyltransferase ltmE is required for C20- and C21- prenylations of the indole ring of paspalanes and acts together with the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase ltmJ to yield lolitremanes by multiple oxidations and ring closures (PubMed:22750140). The stereoisomer pairs of lolitriol and lolitrem N or lolitrem B and lolitrem F may be attributed to variations in the way in which ring closure can occur under the action of ltmJ (PubMed:22750140). While the major product of this pathway is lolitrem B, the prenyl transferases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases identified in this pathway have a remarkable versatility in their regio- and stereo-specificities to generate a diverse range of metabolites that are products of a metabolic grid rather than a linear pathway (PubMed:22750140). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paxM FAD-dependent monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of oxaleimides, cytotoxic compounds containing an unusual disubstituted succinimide moiety (PubMed:28365998). The first step of the pathway is provided by the HR- PKS poxF that serves in a new mode of collaborative biosynthesis with the PKS-NRPS poxE, by providing the olefin containing amino acid substrate via the synthesis of an ACP-bound dec-4-enoate (PubMed:28365998). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase poxM-catalyzed oxidation at the alpha-position creates the enzyme-bound 2-hydroxydec- 4-enoyl-ACP thioester, which may be prone to spontaneous hydrolysis to yield 2-hydroxydec-4-enoic acid due to increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl (PubMed:28365998). 2-hydroxydec-4-enoic acid can then be further oxidized by poxM to yield the alpha-ketoacid 2-oxodec-4- enoicacid, which is reductively aminated by the aminotransferase poxL to yield (S,E)-2-aminodec-4-enoic acid (PubMed:28365998). The Hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase poxE then performs condensation between the octaketide product of its PKS modules and the amino group of (S,E)-2- aminodec-4-enoic acid which is activated and incorporated by the adenylation domain (PubMed:28365998). The resulting aminoacyl product can be cyclized by the Diels-Alderase PoxQ and reductively released by the reductive (R) domain of poxE to yield an aldehyde intermediate (PubMed:28365998) (Probable). The released aldehyde is then substrate for a Knoevenagel condensation by the hydrolyase poxO followed by an oxidation at the 5-position of the pyrrolidone ring (PubMed:28365998). The presence of the olefin from the amino acid building block allows for migration of the substituted allyl group to occur (PubMed:28365998). This allylic transposition reaction takes place in a conjugate addition, semipinacol-like fashion to yield a succinimide intermediate (PubMed:28365998). Iterative two-electron oxidations of the C7 methyl of the succinimide intermediate to the carboxylic acid can be catalyzed by one of two remaining cytochrome P450 monooxygenasess poxC or poxD to yield oxaleimide A (PubMed:28365998). Subsequent oxidation yields the maleimide scaffold oxaleimide I (PubMed:28365998). Both oxaleimide A and oxaleimide I can undergo oxidative modifications in the decalin ring to yield the series of products oxaleimides B to H (PubMed:28365998). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: This protein binds specifically to 23S rRNA; its binding is stimulated by other ribosomal proteins, e.g. L4, L17, and L20. It is important during the early stages of 50S assembly. It makes multiple contacts with different domains of the 23S rRNA in the assembled 50S subunit and ribosome (By similarity). FUNCTION: The globular domain of the protein is located near the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit, while an extended beta-hairpin is found that lines the wall of the exit tunnel in the center of the 70S ribosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of GMP from XMP.


FUNCTION: [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored- polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Large ribosomal subunit protein eL40]: Component of the 60S subunit of the ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Ubiquitin]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Large ribosomal subunit protein eL40]: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.


FUNCTION: Fluoride-specific ion channel. Important for reducing fluoride concentration in the cell, thus reducing its toxicity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fluoride channel Fluc/FEX (TC 1.A.43) family.


FUNCTION: Required for disulfide bond formation in some periplasmic proteins. Acts by oxidizing the DsbA protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DsbB family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.


FUNCTION: RNaseP catalyzes the removal of the 5'-leader sequence from pre-tRNA to produce the mature 5'-terminus. It can also cleave other RNA substrates such as 4.5S RNA. The protein component plays an auxiliary but essential role in vivo by binding to the 5'-leader sequence and broadening the substrate specificity of the ribozyme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RnpA family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the release of ribosomes from messenger RNA at the termination of protein biosynthesis. May increase the efficiency of translation by recycling ribosomes from one round of translation to another. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRF family.


FUNCTION: Probably deamidates glutamine residues to glutamate on methyl-accepting chemotaxis receptors (MCPs), playing an important role in chemotaxis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CheD family.


FUNCTION: Crystallins are the dominant structural components of the vertebrate eye lens. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta/gamma-crystallin family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-recognition component of a Cul2-RING (CRL2) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation. The C-degron recognized by the DesCEND pathway is usually a motif of less than ten residues and can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms. The CRL2(KLHDC3) complex specifically recognizes proteins with a glycine (Gly) at the C-terminus, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation: recognizes the C-terminal -Arg-(Xaa)n-Arg-Gly, -Arg- (Xaa)n-Lys-Gly, and -Arg-(Xaa)n-Gln-Gly degrons. The CRL2(KLHDC3) complex mediates ubiquitination and degradation of truncated SELENOV and SEPHS2 selenoproteins produced by failed UGA/Sec decoding, which end with a glycine. May be involved in meiotic recombination process. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the inhibition of host innate immunity by inducing the degradation of key host factors required to activate interferon production such as IRF3, IRF5 or IRF7. Associates with components of cullin RING ligases (CRLs) including CUL1 or CUL3, which are essential multisubunit ubiquitination complexes, to modulate their activities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm, host cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rotavirus NSP1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5- phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5- phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0677 family.


FUNCTION: Required for respiratory activity and maintenance and expression of the mitochondrial genome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRG9 family.


FUNCTION: Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol- pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasmic granule. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OST1 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a minor matrix protein that plays a role in assembly of viral nucleocapsid and virion budding. Unlike Ebola VP24, mVP24 has no measurable impact of host dendritic cell function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Host endomembrane system; Peripheral membrane protein Note=In virion, localizes on the intravirional side of the membrane. In the host cell, it is found associated with virus-induced membrane proliferation foci and to the plasma membrane where budding takes place (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the filoviridae membrane-associated protein VP24 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reductive methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'- monophosphate (dUMP) to 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP) while utilizing 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (mTHF) as the methyl donor and reductant in the reaction, yielding dihydrofolate (DHF) as a by- product. This enzymatic reaction provides an intracellular de novo source of dTMP, an essential precursor for DNA biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate synthase family. Bacterial-type ThyA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Endonuclease that is involved in the suppression of homologous recombination and may therefore have a key role in the control of bacterial genetic diversity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA mismatch repair MutS family. MutS2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in the polymerization of enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) trisaccharide repeat units. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WzyE family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF8 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the sorting and concentration of proteins resulting in the entry of these proteins into the invaginating vesicles of the multivesicular body (MVB). Also required for the proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor RIM101 in response to alkaline ambient pH (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SNF7 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methyl esterification of L-isoaspartyl residues in peptides and proteins that result from spontaneous decomposition of normal L-aspartyl and L-asparaginyl residues. It plays a role in the repair and/or degradation of damaged proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. L- isoaspartyl/D-aspartyl protein methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus (MIC=40 uM) and Gram-negative bacterium E.coli (MIC=2 uM). Has activity against C.albicans (MIC=46 uM). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Ranatuerin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Converts heme B (protoheme IX) to heme O by substitution of the vinyl group on carbon 2 of heme B porphyrin ring with a hydroxyethyl farnesyl side group. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family. Protoheme IX farnesyltransferase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Together with zig-8, required postembryonically to maintain the position of ASI and ASH head neuron cell bodies and ventral nerve cord axons of PVQ, PVP and HSN neurons by preventing their displacement that could occur during body growth and movement. May act by reducing L1CAM-like protein sax-7 (long isoform) adhesion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of acetyl from acetyl-CoA to desacetylmycothiol (Cys-GlcN-Ins) to form mycothiol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. MshD subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 2]: Involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and in regulation of cell migration. In response to oxidative stress, binds to NQO1, which stabilizes it and protects it from ubiquitin-independent degradation by the core 20S proteasome. Stabilized protein is able to heterodimerize with isoform 1 changing the subcellular location of it from cytoskeleton and nuclei to cytosol, leading to loss of isoforms 1 ability to induce formation of actin stress fibers. Counteracts the effects produced by isoform 1 on organization of actin cytoskeleton and cell motility to fine-tune actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and to attenuate cell migration. FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Suppresses SRC activation by recognizing and binding to active SRC and facilitating PTPN13-mediated dephosphorylation of SRC 'Tyr-419' leading to its inactivation. Inactivated SRC dissociates from this protein allowing the initiation of a new SRC inactivation cycle (PubMed:19307596). Involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:21636573). In nonmuscle cells, binds to ACTN1 (alpha-actinin-1), increases the affinity of ACTN1 to F-actin (filamentous actin), and promotes formation of actin stress fibers. Involved in regulation of the synaptic AMPA receptor transport in dendritic spines of hippocampal pyramidal neurons directing the receptors toward an insertion at the postsynaptic membrane. Links endosomal surface-internalized GRIA1- containing AMPA receptors to the alpha-actinin/actin cytoskeleton. Increases AMPA receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents in neurons (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell projection, lamellipodium Cell projection, dendritic spine Early endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Recycling endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Synapse, synaptosome Note=Localizes to actin stress fibers in nonmuscle cells. Colocalizes with GRIA1 in early endosomes. Enriched in numerous but not all spine-like structures along dendritic branches. Colocalizes with actin and enriched at sites containing larger amounts of actin and alpha-actinin. Targeted efficiently to spines via its PDZ domain-mediated interaction with the alpha-actinin/actin cytoskeletal complex. Localizes to synaptosomes in brain (By similarity). Colocalizes with F-actin (PubMed:10826496). Colocalizes with TRIP6 at cell-cell contacts and lamellipodia (PubMed:10826496). In the cytoplasm, displays a fibrillar pattern with characteristic thick fibers and occasional clusters. Colocalizes with the actin stress fibers. Oxidative stress induces redistribution from cytoskeleton to cytosol (PubMed:21636573). Colocalizes with SRC at the perinuclear region, but not at focal adhesions (PubMed:19307596). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm Note=Stains more diffusely in the cytoplasm with thin fibers forming a dense mesh-like pattern.


FUNCTION: Required for proper formation of the apical ectodermal ridge and correct dorsal-ventral patterning in the limb. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the engrailed homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Histone binding-protein that regulates chromatin dynamics and minichromosome maintenance (MCM) loading at replication origins, possibly by promoting chromatin openness. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus Chromosome Note=Present in the nucleus throughout interphase and is detached from chromatin at the onset of mitosis and rebinds at telophase when the pre-replication complexes (pre-RC) is formed.


FUNCTION: Probable chemokine receptor. SIV-1 coreceptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: May act as a GTPase-activating protein for Rab family protein(s).


FUNCTION: Transfers and isomerizes the ribose moiety from AdoMet to the 7-aminomethyl group of 7-deazaguanine (preQ1-tRNA) to give epoxyqueuosine (oQ-tRNA). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the QueA family.


FUNCTION: Located at the top of the head of the 30S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 16S rRNA. In the 70S ribosome it contacts the 23S rRNA (bridge B1a) and protein L5 of the 50S subunit (bridge B1b), connecting the 2 subunits; these bridges are implicated in subunit movement. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS13 family.


FUNCTION: Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS17 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.