FUNCTION: Activator of cell division through the inhibition of FtsZ GTPase activity, therefore promoting FtsZ assembly into bundles of protofilaments necessary for the formation of the division Z ring. It is recruited early at mid-cell but it is not essential for cell division. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Localizes at mid-cell. In sporulating cells, localizes near the cell poles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZapA family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase D family. Cardiolipin synthase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin O3 superfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable component of the wybutosine biosynthesis pathway. Wybutosine is a hyper modified guanosine with a tricyclic base found at the 3'-position adjacent to the anticodon of eukaryotic phenylalanine tRNA. Catalyzes the condensation of N-methylguanine with 2 carbon atoms from pyruvate to form the tricyclic 4-demethylwyosine, an intermediate in wybutosine biosynthesis (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TYW1 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the packaging machinery which encapsidates the viral DNA into preformed capsids and transcriptional activator of the viral major late promoter (MLP). Binds, along with packaging proteins 1 and 3, to the specific packaging sequence on the left end of viral genomic DNA and plays an active role in packaging of the viral genome into preformed capsids. Specifically binds to the 5'-TTTG-3' nucleotides of the repeats making up the packaging sequence. Forms a transcription factor called DEF-A through cooperative binding with packaging protein 1 (Probable). DEF-A binds to downstream elements of the major late promoter (MLP) and stimulates transcription from the MLP after initiation of viral DNA replication. Simultaneously suppresses early gene expression and is thus likely to participate in the early- late switch in the expression pattern of the late viral proteins. May as well enhance transcription from IVa2 and pIX promoters. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae splicing factor family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in drug clearance in the placenta. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Basal cell membrane. Note=Syncytiotrophoblast in placenta.


FUNCTION: Probable transcriptional regulator involved in developmental processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ripply family.


FUNCTION: GTP-binding protein that functions in embryogenesis, cytokinesis, germline development and microtubulule cytoskeleton dynamics. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Some diffuse cytoplasmic expression is detected but expression is concentrated mainly next to centrosomes and is excluded from the mitotic spindle area. Localizes to the cortical plasma membrane of embryonic blastomeres (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.


FUNCTION: Non-toxic to mice and insects. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 02 (plectoxin) family.


FUNCTION: Probable adenylate translocator that mediates transport of ADP-glucose into endosperm storage plastids during starch synthesis. Transports cytosolic ADP-glucose to amyloplast stroma by counter- exchange with ADP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Plastid, amyloplast inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Dually targeted to mitochondria and plastids. The N-terminal extension acts as plastidic transit peptide. Dual localization of BT1 does not seem to be due to alternative transcription start sites, translation initiation sites or alternative exon splicing (PubMed:21330298). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Uniporter that mediates the facilitative transport of nucleoside across lysosomal and mitochondrial membranes. Functions as a non-electrogenic Na(+)-independent transporter. Substrate transport is pH-dependent and enhanced under acidic condition, probably reflecting the location of the transporter in acidic intracellular compartments. Proton is not a cotransporting ion but most likely change the ionization state of the transporter which dictates transport- permissible/impermissible conformation for nucleoside translocation. May direct the nucleoside transport from lysosomes to cytosol or cytosol to mitochondria to facilitate the fundamental function of salvage synthesis of nucleic acids. Involved in the transport of nucleosides (adenosine, guanosine, uridine, thymidine, cytidine and inosine) and deoxynucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxycytidine). Also mediates transport of purine nucleobases (adenine, guanine) and pyrimidine nucleobases (uracil). Also able to transport monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline and tyramine. Capable of transporting ATP (By similarity). Mediates nucleoside export from lysosomes in macrophages, which regulates macrophage functions and numbers (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Late endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC29A/ENT transporter (TC 2.A.57) family.


FUNCTION: Probably phosphorylates lipids; the in vivo substrate is unknown. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the diacylglycerol/lipid kinase family. YegS lipid kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis, and function in nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria (By similarity). Preferentially binds to glycerophospholipids such as phosphatidylcholoine (PC), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylserine (PS), but not to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) (PubMed:29078410). The MDM12-MMM1 subcomplex functions in the major beta-barrel assembly pathway that is responsible for biogenesis of all outer membrane beta-barrel proteins, and acts in a late step after the SAM complex. The MDM10-MDM12-MMM1 subcomplex further acts in the TOM40-specific pathway after the action of the MDM12-MMM1 complex. Essential for establishing and maintaining the structure of mitochondria and maintenance of mtDNA nucleoids (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=The ERMES/MDM complex localizes to a few discrete foci (around 10 per single cell), that represent mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum junctions. These foci are often found next to mtDNA nucleoids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MMM1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. RocA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of the SLX1-SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease that resolves DNA secondary structures generated during DNA repair and recombination. Has endonuclease activity towards branched DNA substrates, introducing single-strand cuts in duplex DNA close to junctions with ss-DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLX4 family.


FUNCTION: Water channel required to facilitate the transport of water across membranes (PubMed:26959825). Contributes to water uptake of spores during the early stages of spore germination (PubMed:26959825). Aquaporins AQP1 and AQP2 act as extracellular pH sensors and enable the spores to hydrate under favorable conditions and to commence germination (PubMed:26959825). Wounded vegetables and fruit present acidic pH, so the optimal pH range for germination is adapted to the relevant host pH (PubMed:26959825). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional terpene synthase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of conidiogenone, a diterpene known to induce the conidiation (PubMed:30343633). The bifunctional terpene synthase PrDS converts isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) into deoxyconidiogenol (PubMed:30343633). The C- terminal prenyltransferase (PT) domain of PrDS catalyzes formation of GGPP, whereas the N-terminal terpene cyclase (TC) domain catalyzes the cyclization of GGPP into deoxyconidiogenol (PubMed:30343633). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PrP450 then catalyzes two rounds of oxidation to furnish conidiogenone (PubMed:30343633). SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the terpene synthase family.


FUNCTION: Part of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of viral DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Responsible for the transcription of early, intermediate and late genes. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase associates with the early transcription factor (ETF), itself composed of OPG118 and OPG133, thereby allowing the early genes transcription. Late transcription, and probably also intermediate transcription, require newly synthesized RNA polymerase. FUNCTION: Part of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase which catalyzes the transcription of viral DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates (PubMed:31835031). Responsible for the transcription of early, intermediate and late genes. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase associates with the early transcription factor (ETF), itself composed of OPG118 and OPG133, thereby allowing the early genes transcription. Late transcription, and probably also intermediate transcription, require newly synthesized RNA polymerase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=All the enzymes and other proteins required to synthesize early mRNAs are packaged within the virion core along with the DNA genome. This is necessary because viral early mRNAs are synthesized within minutes after virus entry into the cell and are extruded through pores in the core particle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=All the enzymes and other proteins required to synthesize early mRNAs are packaged within the virion core along with the DNA genome. This is necessary because viral early mRNAs are synthesized within minutes after virus entry into the cell and are extruded through pores in the core particle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the poxviridae DNA-directed RNA polymerase 22 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Possesses chaperone activity in vitro where it inhibits aggregation of citrate synthase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=May translocate to the nucleus after heat shock. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0763 family.


FUNCTION: Amphipathic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide with moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria (MIC=100 ug/mL against L.lactis and MIC=50 ug/mL against S.uberis) (PubMed:10951191). Has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria (PubMed:10951191). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Aurein subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. Mth subfamily.


FUNCTION: This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PCNA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ninja family.


FUNCTION: Protease that is part of the quality control system in the inner membrane of mitochondria (By similarity). Metalloendopeptidase that modulates the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system and plant growth (PubMed:28936218). Involved in tolerance mechanisms to heat, osmotic and oxidative stresses (PubMed:28936218). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M48A family.


FUNCTION: Stimulates GTP hydrolysis of members of the Rho family. Its action on RHOA activity and signaling is implicated in growth and stabilization of dendritic spines, and therefore in synaptic function, in hippocampal neurons. Critical for the stabilization of AMPA receptors at postsynaptic sites. Critical for the regulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis at pre-synaptic terminals. Required for the localization of NR1D1 to dendrites, can suppress its repressor activity and protect it from proteasomal degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynapse Presynapse Cell projection, axon Cell projection, dendritic spine Cell projection, dendrite Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor involved in specification of neuronal cell types and which is required for inner ear and hypothalamus development. Binds to the 5'-CAAGTG-3' core sequence (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HMX homeobox family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the coronaviruses ns12.7 protein family.


FUNCTION: May protect ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL, eutB-eutC) from inhibition, may function in assembling the bacterial microcompartment and/or in refolding EAL, suggesting it may have chaperone activity. FUNCTION: May protect ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL, eutB-eutC) from inhibition, may functin in assembling the bacterial microcompartment and/or in refolding EAL, suggesting it may have chaperone activity (Probable). Overexpression of eutJ and eutS in E.coli leads to multiple BMC-like structures; eutS expression alone leads to 1 BMC-like structure per cell (PubMed:27063436). FUNCTION: Expression of the eut operon allows this bacteria to use ethanolamine (EA) as a carbon, nitrogen and energy source. It relies on cobalamin (vitamin B12) both as a cofactor for the ethanolamine ammonia-lyase (EAL) activity and to induce the operon (PubMed:3045078). EA enhances bacterial survival in macrophages in a concentration- dependent manner, suggesting it is an important nutrient during infection (PubMed:29531136). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EutJ family.


FUNCTION: S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response (PubMed:15331440, PubMed:17767165, PubMed:18403730, PubMed:19402754, PubMed:22804476, PubMed:34562450). It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism (By similarity). Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions (By similarity). The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH- oxidase (PubMed:15331440). Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX (By similarity). The extracellular functions involve pro-inflammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities (PubMed:21382888). Its pro-inflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration (By similarity). Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER) (PubMed:17767165, PubMed:18403730, PubMed:19402754). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the pro-inflammatory cascade (PubMed:17767165, PubMed:18403730, PubMed:19402754, PubMed:22804476). Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth (By similarity). Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3 (By similarity). Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti- apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK (By similarity). Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants (By similarity). The iNOS- S100A8/A9 transnitrosylase complex is proposed to direct selective inflammatory stimulus-dependent S-nitrosylation of multiple targets such as GAPDH, NXA5, EZR, MSN and VIM by recognizing a [IL]-x-C-x-x- [DE] motif (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Predominantly localized in the cytoplasm. Upon elevation of the intracellular calcium level, translocated from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton and the cell membrane. Upon neutrophil activation or endothelial adhesion of monocytes, is secreted via a microtubule-mediated, alternative pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the S-100 family.


FUNCTION: Acts as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, able to unwind both RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA duplexes. Possesses 5' single-stranded RNA overhang nuclease activity. Possesses ATPase activity on various RNA, but not DNA polynucleotides. May play a role in RNA clearance at DNA double- strand breaks (DSBs), thereby facilitating the template-guided repair of transcriptionally active regions of the genome. Together with RELA, acts as a coactivator to enhance NF-kappa-B-mediated transcriptional activation. Acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of cyclin CCND2 expression. Binds to the cyclin CCND2 promoter region. Associates with chromatin at the NF-kappa-B promoter region via association with RELA. Binds to poly(A) RNA. May be involved in 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation of pre-mRNAs. Component of the tRNA-splicing ligase complex required to facilitate the enzymatic turnover of catalytic subunit RTCB: together with archease (ZBTB8OS), acts by facilitating the guanylylation of RTCB, a key intermediate step in tRNA ligation. Component of a multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex that acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and plays a role in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines via the adapter molecule TICAM1. Specifically binds (via helicase ATP-binding domain) on both short and long poly(I:C) dsRNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic granule Cytoplasm, cytosol Mitochondrion Note=Localized with MBNL1, TIAL1 and YBX1 in stress granules upon stress. Localized with CSTF2 in cleavage bodies. Forms large aggregates called DDX1 bodies. Relocalized into multiple foci (IR-induced foci or IRIF) after IR treatment, a process that depends on the presence of chromosomal DNA and/or RNA-DNA duplexes. Relocalized at sites of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in an ATM-dependent manner after IR treatment. Colocalized with RELA in the nucleus upon TNF-alpha induction. Enters into the nucleus in case of active transcription while it accumulates in cytosol when transcription level is low. Colocalizes in the cytosol with DDX21, DHX36 and TICAM1. Colocalizes in the mitochondria with TICAM1 and poly(I:C) RNA ligand. The multi-helicase-TICAM1 complex may translocate to the mitochondria upon poly(I:C) stimulation (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the radical-mediated insertion of two sulfur atoms into the C-6 and C-8 positions of the octanoyl moiety bound to the lipoyl domains of lipoate-dependent enzymes, thereby converting the octanoylated domains into lipoylated derivatives. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Lipoyl synthase family.


FUNCTION: May act as a scaffold to regulate the recruitment and assembly of spindle midzone components. Required for the localization of AURKB and PLK1 to the spindle midzone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Midbody Note=During early anaphase, localizes along overlapping interpolar microtubules between the separating chromosomes. During late anaphase, localizes to the center of spindle midzone. Concentrated at the midbody during telophase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCDC69 family.


FUNCTION: Subunit of the V1 complex of vacuolar(H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), a multisubunit enzyme composed of a peripheral complex (V1) that hydrolyzes ATP and a membrane integral complex (V0) that translocates protons (PubMed:10781598, PubMed:11777935, PubMed:1730668, PubMed:8416931). V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying and maintaining the pH of intracellular compartments (PubMed:8416931). Subunit C is necessary for the assembly of the catalytic sector of the enzyme and is likely to have a specific function in its catalytic activity (PubMed:15792803). Reversibly leaves the enzyme after glucose depletion, causing the catalytic subcomplex V1 to detach from the V0 section (PubMed:15792803). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the V-ATPase C subunit family.


FUNCTION: Required for the activation of AURKA at the onset of mitosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BORA family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0374 family.


FUNCTION: SNARE required for targeting and fusion of ER-derived transport vesicles with the Golgi complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type IV membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BET1 family.


FUNCTION: Probable gustatory receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family. Gr22e subfamily.


FUNCTION: Serum endocuclease secreted into body fluids by a wide variety of exocrine and endocrine organs (PubMed:29191910). Expressed by non-hematopoietic tissues and preferentially cleaves protein-free DNA. Among other functions, seems to be involved in cell death by apoptosis. Binds specifically to G-actin and blocks actin polymerization (By similarity). Together with DNASE1L3, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (PubMed:29191910). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (PubMed:29191910). Degradation of intravascular NETs by DNASE1 and DNASE1L3 is required to prevent formation of clots that obstruct blood vessels and cause organ damage following inflammation (PubMed:29191910). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Zymogen granule Nucleus envelope Note=Secretory protein, stored in zymogen granules and found in the nuclear envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNase I family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FliS family.


FUNCTION: Relaxes both positive and negative superturns and exhibits a strong decatenase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TOP6A family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phi29likevirus GP5.5 family.


FUNCTION: [Circumsporozoite protein C-terminus]: In the vertebrate host, binds to highly sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the surface of host hepatocytes and is required for sporozoite invasion of the host hepatocytes. FUNCTION: Essential sporozoite protein (By similarity). In the mosquito vector, required for sporozoite development in the oocyst, migration through the vector hemolymph and entry into the vector salivary glands (By similarity). In the vertebrate host, required for sporozoite migration through the host dermis and infection of host hepatocytes (By similarity). Binds to highly sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on the surface of host hepatocytes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to the cytoplasm and the cell membrane in oocysts at day 6 post infection and then gradually distributes over the entire cell surface of the sporoblast and the budding sporozoites. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plasmodium circumsporozoite protein family.


FUNCTION: [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha]: Anorexigenic peptide. Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes. FUNCTION: Precursor protein for pituitary hormones that regulate stress and environmental adaptation. FUNCTION: [Corticotropin]: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the POMC family.


FUNCTION: Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Isoform 1 regulates the trafficking and surface expression of GRM5. Differentially regulates the functions of the calcium activated channel ryanodine receptors RYR1 and RYR2. Isoform 1 decreases the activity of RYR2, and increases the activity of RYR1, whereas isoform 5 counteracts the effects by competing for binding sites. Isoform 3 regulates the trafficking and surface expression of GRM5. Isoform 5 acts as a natural dominant negative, in dynamic competition with constitutively expressed isoform 1, isoform 2 and isoform 3 to regulate synaptic metabotropic glutamate function. Isoform 5, may be involved in the structural changes that occur at synapses during long-lasting neuronal plasticity and development (By similarity). Forms a high-order complex with SHANK1, which in turn is necessary for the structural and functional integrity of dendritic spines (By similarity). Negatively regulates T cell activation by inhibiting the calcineurin-NFAT pathway. Acts by competing with calcineurin/PPP3CA for NFAT protein binding, hence preventing NFAT activation by PPP3CA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Postsynaptic density Synapse Cell projection, dendritic spine Note=Isoform 1 inhibits surface expression of GRM5 causing it to be retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. The N-terminal of isoform 2 may facilitate trafficking of the complex with GRM5 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Homer family.


FUNCTION: Metalloproteinase moojenin: snake venom metalloproteinase that cleaves both alpha- and beta-chains of fibrinogen, but not the gamma-chain. Shows a coagulant activity on bovine plasma about 3.1 fold lower than crude venom. Renders the blood incoagulable when intraperitoneally administered into mice. Induces necrosis in liver and muscle, but does not cause histological alterations in mouse lungs, kidney or heart. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom metalloproteinase (M12B) family. P-III subfamily. P-IIIb sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a structural role to facilitate the assembly and ensure the full activity of the enzyme catalyzing the decarboxylation of isocitrate (ICT) into alpha-ketoglutarate. The heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and beta (IDH3B) subunits and the heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and gamma (IDH3G) subunits, have considerable basal activity but the full activity of the heterotetramer (containing two subunits of IDH3A, one of IDH3B and one of IDH3G) requires the assembly and cooperative function of both heterodimers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: May regulate secretion and presynaptic differentiation through inhibition of the activity of N-type voltage-gated calcium channel. During presynaptic differentiation may regulate both synaptic vesicle accumulation in axon terminals and subsequent axon terminal remodeling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasm Note=May localize to the cell body and growth cones of dendrite-like processes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the interleukin-1 receptor family.


FUNCTION: Degrades acetylated xylans by cleaving acetyl side groups from the hetero-xylan backbone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cutinase family. Acetylxylan esterase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Golgi matrix protein playing a role in tethering of vesicles to Golgi membranes and in maintaining the overall structure of the Golgi apparatus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus Cytoplasm Note=May be located to the trans-Golgi or trans-Golgi network (TGN).


FUNCTION: GST isoenzymes appear to play a central role in the parasite detoxification system. Other functions are also suspected including a role in increasing the solubility of haematin in the parasite gut. FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family.


FUNCTION: Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex is required for the maintenance of the cycling of mannose 6-phosphate receptors between the TGN and endosomes, this cycling is necessary for proper lysosomal sorting of acid hydrolases such as CTSD. Acts as component of the EARP complex that is involved in endocytic recycling. The EARP complex associates with Rab4- positive endosomes and promotes recycling of internalized transferrin receptor (TFRC) to the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Recycling endosome Note=Localizes to the trans-Golgi network as part of the GARP complex, while it localizes to recycling endosomes as part of the EARP complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VPS52 family.


FUNCTION: Required for efficient assembly and nuclear export of the 60S ribosomal subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LOC1 family.


FUNCTION: Putative component of the fimbrium tip. Fimbriae are filamentous appendages on the cell surface that mediate cell adhesion and biofilm formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacteroidetes fimbrillin superfamily. Mfa- like family.


FUNCTION: Part of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system SasA/RpaA involved in genome-wide circadian gene expression. One of several clock output pathways. Participates in the Kai clock protein complex, the main circadian regulator in cyanobacteria, via its interaction with KaiC. KaiC enhances the autophosphorylation activity of SasA, which then transfers its phosphate group to RpaA to activate it. In addition to its output function, recruits fold-shifted KaiB (KaiB(fs)) to KaiC to cooperatively form the KaiB(6):KaiC(6) complex (independent of SasA kinase activity). Required for robustness of the circadian rhythm of gene expression and is involved in clock output, also required for adaptation to light/dark cycles.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from specific E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, and transfers it to substrates, generally promoting their degradation by the proteasome. Negatively regulates TCR (T-cell receptor), BCR (B-cell receptor) and FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor) signal transduction pathways. In naive T-cells, inhibits VAV1 activation upon TCR engagement and imposes a requirement for CD28 costimulation for proliferation and IL-2 production. Also acts by promoting PIK3R1/p85 ubiquitination, which impairs its recruitment to the TCR and subsequent activation. In activated T-cells, inhibits PLCG1 activation and calcium mobilization upon restimulation and promotes anergy. In B-cells, acts by ubiquitinating SYK and promoting its proteasomal degradation. Slightly promotes SRC ubiquitination. May be involved in EGFR ubiquitination and internalization. May be functionally coupled with the E2 ubiquitin-protein ligase UB2D3. In association with CBL, required for proper feedback inhibition of ciliary platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) signaling pathway via ubiquitination and internalization of PDGFRA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Upon EGF stimulation, associates with endocytic vesicles.


FUNCTION: Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form. The RGS6/GNB5 dimer enhances GNAO1 GTPase activity (PubMed:10521509). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytosol Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Nucleus Cell membrane Note=Interaction with GNB5 mediates translocation to the nucleus.


SIMILARITY: To M.jannaschii MJECS06.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes thiolytic cleavage of beta-ketoadipyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.


FUNCTION: Part of a complex that catalyzes the reversible cleavage of acetyl-CoA, allowing growth on acetate as sole source of carbon and energy. Probably maintains the overall quaternary structure of the ACDS complex (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CdhD family.


FUNCTION: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:3110778). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304- dependent manner (By similarity). FUNCTION: Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation (PubMed:6474169, PubMed:1352876). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Endomembrane system Cytoplasm, cytosol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Endomembrane system Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2B]: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.


FUNCTION: Strongly activates transcription when bound to HCFC1. Suppresses the expression of HSV proteins in cells infected with the virus in a HCFC1-dependent manner. Also suppresses the HCFC1-dependent transcriptional activation by CREB3 and reduces the amount of CREB3 in the cell. Able to down-regulate expression of some cellular genes in CREBZF-expressing cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=Colocalizes in promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies (PML- NB) with CREB3 and HCFC1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily.


FUNCTION: Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts downstream of cell surface receptors for growth factors and plays a role in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, microtubule assembly, lamellipodia formation, cell adhesion, cell migration and chemotaxis. Acts downstream of EGFR, KIT, PDGFRA and PDGFRB. Acts downstream of EGFR to promote activation of NF- kappa-B and cell proliferation. May play a role in the regulation of the mitotic cell cycle. Plays a role in the insulin receptor signaling pathway and in activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Acts downstream of the activated FCER1 receptor and plays a role in FCER1 (high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor)-mediated signaling in mast cells. Plays a role in the regulation of mast cell degranulation. Plays a role in leukocyte recruitment and diapedesis in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Phosphorylates CTTN, CTNND1, PTK2/FAK1, GAB1, PECAM1 and PTPN11. May phosphorylate JUP and PTPN1. Can phosphorylate STAT3 according to PubMed:10878010 and PubMed:19159681, but clearly plays a redundant role in STAT3 phosphorylation. According to PubMed:11134346, cells where wild type FER has been replaced by a kinase-dead mutant show no reduction in STAT3 phosphorylation. Phosphorylates TMF1. Isoform 3 lacks kinase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 4]: Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell projection Cell junction Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cell cortex Note=Detected on microtubules in polarized and motile vascular endothelial cells. Colocalizes with F-actin at the cell cortex. Colocalizes with PECAM1 and CTNND1 at nascent cell-cell contacts (By similarity). Not detected in the nucleus, but detected in the nuclear area surrounding the chromosomes after breakdown of the nuclear envelope during mitosis (PubMed:11339827). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Fes/fps subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of the acetyl group of acetyl-CoA with 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (2-oxoisovalerate) to form 3-carboxy-3- hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate (2-isopropylmalate). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-IPM synthase/homocitrate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in virus cell tropism, and may be required for efficient virus replication in macrophages. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus MGF 100 family.


FUNCTION: Potent suppressor of cytokine production that acts as a regulator of innate immune signaling and inflammation. Acts as a key negative regulator of select cytokine and chemokine responses elicited by TRIF-independent Toll-like receptors (TLRs), thereby limiting inflammatory cytokine responses to minor insults. In response to more threatening pathogens, cleaved by CASP8 downstream of TLR3 or TLR4, leading to its inactivation, thereby allowing production of inflammatory cytokines (By similarity). Acts as a restriction factor against some viruses, such as HIV-1: restricts HIV-1 replication by binding to HIV-1 mRNAs and mediating their degradation via its ribonuclease activity (PubMed:31133753). Also acts as an inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ITCH: acts by interacting with the second WW domain of ITCH, leading to compete with ITCH's substrates and impairing ubiquitination of substrates (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, PML body Note=Primarily localizes to the nucleolus. Also localizes to the PML nuclear bodies, when desumoylated. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N4BP1 family.


FUNCTION: Light-driven chloride pump. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal/bacterial/fungal opsin family.


FUNCTION: Dipeptide epimerase with a preference for hydrophobic substrates. Catalyzes the epimerization of L-Ala-L-Thr, L-Ala-L-Met, L- Ala-L-His, L-Ala-L-Phe, L-Ala-L-Tyr, L-Ala-L-Trp, L-Ile-L-Ala, L-Ile-L- Ser, L-Ile-L-Met, L-Ile-L-His, L-Ile-L-Phe, L-Ile-L-Tyr, L-Ile-L-Trp, L-Phe-L-Met, L-Phe-L-His, L-Phe-L-Phe, L-Phe-L-Tyr, L-Phe-L-Trp, L-Phe- L-Ser, L-Phe-L-Thr and L-Phe-L-Lys (in vitro). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Midbody Note=Exhibits dynamic subcellular localization during the cell cycle. In prophase cells, detected on split centrosomes. Translocates to the mitotic spindles during metaphase and early anaphase, then to the midbody and cleavage furrow in late anaphase.


FUNCTION: Promotes the onset of gluconate uptake upon glucose starvation. SIMILARITY: To S.pombe pac2 in the N-terminal region.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MLP family.


FUNCTION: Also promotes endoribonucleolytic cleavage of some transcripts by promoting recruitment of the ribonuclease P/MRP complex (PubMed:10400702). Acts by bridging YTHDF2 and the ribonuclease P/MRP complex (By similarity). RIDA/HRSP12 binds to N6-methyladenosine (m6A)- containing mRNAs containing a 5'-GGUUC-3' motif: cooperative binding of RIDA/HRSP12 and YTHDF2 to such transcripts lead to recruitment of the ribonuclease P/MRP complex and subsequent endoribonucleolytic cleavage (By similarity). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of enamine/imine intermediates that form during the course of normal metabolism. May facilitate the release of ammonia from these potentially toxic reactive metabolites, reducing their impact on cellular components. It may act on enamine/imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'- phosphate-dependent dehydratases including L-threonine dehydratase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Peroxisome Mitochondrion Note=Mostly cytoplasmic but, in less differentiated cells occasionally nuclear. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RutC family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system ArlS/ArlR involved in the regulation of adhesion, autolysis, multidrug resistance and virulence. ArlS probably functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to ArlR (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Csm functions as a non-specific ssDNase. Base-pairing between crRNA and target RNA to form a ternary Csm complex activates a ssDNase activity; target RNA cleavage suppresses the ssDNase, a temporal control that prevents uncontrolled DNA degradation. Viral RNA transcripts probably tether the Csm complex to the viral genome, recruiting Cas10 ssDNA activity which is able to degrade DNA in the transcription bubble, spatially controlling the DNase activity. FUNCTION: This subunit has the target ssRNA endonuclease activity; it cleaves multiple sites in the target RNA at 6 nucleotide intervals. The number of cleavage sites in the target RNA correlates with the number of Csm3 subunits in the Csm effector complex (PubMed:25458845). In the Csm complex target RNA and ssDNA are cleaved simultaneously, although RNase activity (of Csm3) is much faster. RNA cleavage by Csm3 is not required for ssDNase activity as Csm complex with inactive Csm3 still has ssDNase activity; however as the cleaved target RNA products dissociate away ssDNase activity decreases (PubMed:27105119). FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). The type III-A Csm effector complex binds crRNA and acts as a crRNA-guided RNase, DNase and cyclic oligoadenylate synthase; binding of target RNA cognate to the crRNA is required for all activities. In a heterologous host this Csm effector complex restricts ssRNA phage MS2, suggesting it may target RNA viruses in vivo. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated Csm3 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CFAP73 family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be a menaquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 3 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in sporulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Plays a fundamental role in microtubule-organizing center structure and function (PubMed:8175926). Plays a role in sperm cilia formation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cell projection, cilium Note=Centrosome of interphase and mitotic cells. In the retinal photoreceptor cells, localizes at the connecting cilium, a thin bridge linking the cell body and the light- sensing outer segment (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the centrin family.


FUNCTION: Thiol protease. Key protease responsible for the removal of the invariant chain from MHC class II molecules and MHC class II antigen presentation. The bond-specificity of this proteinase is in part similar to the specificities of cathepsin L. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome Secreted Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal glycogen accumulation (PubMed:8463281, PubMed:26199317, PubMed:8613547). The alpha 1-6 branches of glycogen play an important role in increasing the solubility of the molecule (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. GlgB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the ERMES/MDM complex, which serves as a molecular tether to connect the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Components of this complex are involved in the control of mitochondrial shape and protein biogenesis and may function in phospholipid exchange. MDM10 is involved in the late assembly steps of the general translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane (TOM complex). Functions in the TOM40-specific route of the assembly of outer membrane beta-barrel proteins, including the association of TOM40 with the receptor TOM22 and small TOM proteins. Can associate with the SAM(core) complex as well as the MDM12-MMM1 complex, both involved in late steps of the major beta-barrel assembly pathway, that is responsible for biogenesis of all outer membrane beta-barrel proteins. May act as a switch that shuttles between both complexes and channels precursor proteins into the TOM40-specific pathway. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and in the inheritance of mitochondria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=The ERMES/MDM complex localizes to a few discrete foci (around 10 per single cell), that represent mitochondria- endoplasmic reticulum junctions. These foci are often found next to mtDNA nucleoids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MDM10 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Antp homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Component of NURF (nucleosome remodeling factor), a complex which catalyzes ATP-dependent nucleosome sliding and facilitates transcription of chromatin (PubMed:9784495). NURF is required for homeotic gene expression, proper larval blood cell development, normal male X chromosome morphology, ecdysteroid signaling and metamorphosis (PubMed:9784495, PubMed:8521501). Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase), hydrolyzes inorganic pyrophosphate to inorganic phosphate, essential for driving critical biosynthetic reactions including transcription, replication, and DNA repair (PubMed:9784495). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPase family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the regulation of diverse cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, chromatin remodeling or protein chaperoning. Modulates the histone chaperone function and the RNA- binding activity of nucleolar phosphoprotein B23/NPM. Efficiently mediates chromatin remodeling when included in a pentamer containing NPM3 and NPM. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Mainly found in the granular component of the nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleoplasmin family.


FUNCTION: Key enzyme in myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to 1-myo-inositol 1- phosphate in a NAD-dependent manner (By similarity). Is a key enzyme in the phytic acid biosynthesis pathway in seeds (PubMed:19021878). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfur carrier protein TusA family.


FUNCTION: Mating type proteins are sequence specific DNA-binding proteins that act as master switches in yeast differentiation by controlling gene expression in a cell type-specific fashion. Transcriptional activator that induces the transcription of alpha- specific genes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MATALPHA1 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a continuous role in plant development probably in the structural organization of compartments. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DnaJ family. C/III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transports zinc ions across cell and organelle membranes into the cytoplasm and regulates intracellular zinc homeostasis. Participates in the zinc ions efflux out of the secretory compartments. Regulates intracellular zinc level, resulting in the enhancement of AKT1 and MAPK3/MAPK1 (Erk1/2) phosphorylation in response to the BCR activation (By similarity). Also functions as membrane androgen receptor that mediates, through a G protein, the non-classical androgen signaling pathway, characterized by the activation of MAPK3/MAPK1 (Erk1/2) and transcription factors CREB1 or ATF1 (By similarity). Moreover, has dual functions as membrane-bound androgen receptor and as an androgen-dependent zinc transporter both of which are mediated through an inhibitory G protein (Gi) that mediates both MAP kinase and zinc signaling leading to the androgen-dependent apoptotic process (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Mitochondrion Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.


FUNCTION: Putative sodium channel toxin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (3 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. May contribute to disulfide bond formation in a variety of secreted proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs into free fatty acids and coenzyme A (CoASH), regulating their respective intracellular levels (By similarity). Active with both medium chain and long chain acyl-CoAs as substrates (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome matrix Note=Predominantly localized in the peroxisome but a localization to the cytosol cannot be excluded. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the C/M/P thioester hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits acetylcholinesterase (By similarity). Has been described to inhibit both the slowly and the rapidly inactivating phases of potassium efflux (PubMed:1304870). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Acn-esterase inhibitor sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin (PubMed:11847099, PubMed:12045258). Also acts as a receptor for the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (GPHA2:GPHB5) or thyrostimulin (PubMed:12045258). The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase (PubMed:11847099). Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. FSH/LSH/TSH subfamily.


FUNCTION: Iron-storage protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterioferritin family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in B-cell development and differentiation in peripheral lymphoid organs and may be useful markers of B-cell stages. May have an immunoregulatory role in marginal zone B-cells. May play a role in fertilization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: May be required for efficient assembly of the mitochondrial complex I. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM186 family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in stimulating the translation of viral mRNAs. These mRNAs are capped but not polyadenylated, instead terminating in a conserved sequence 'GACC' at the 3' that is recognized by NSP3, which competes with host PABPC1 for EIF4G1 binding. The interaction between NSP3 and host EIF4G1 stabilizes the EIF4E-EIF4G1 interaction, thereby facilitating the initiation of capped mRNA translation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rotavirus NSP3 family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor that may be involved in stress responses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of subtilisin and chymotrypsin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I16 (SSI) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged Ser-tRNA(Ala) and Gly-tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Orphan receptor possibly involved in the regulation of genes in the ecdysteroid cascade. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably acts as an electrical shunt for an outwardly- directed proton pump that is linked to amino acid decarboxylation, as part of the extreme acid resistance (XAR) response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClcB subfamily.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent RNA helicase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX24/MAK5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-25S rRNA processing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM RBM34 family.


FUNCTION: Dehydrogenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of erinacines, cyathane-xylosides that show unique biological activities, including leishmanicidal activity, stimulating activity for nerve growth-factor synthesis, and agonistic activity toward the kappa opioid receptor (PubMed:31535864, PubMed:28371074). The role of the dehydrogenase eriK within the pathway has still to be determined (Probable). The first step of the erinacines biosynthesis pathway is catalyzed by the geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase eriE via conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate and isopentyl pyrophosphate into geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP). GGPP is then substrate of the diterpene cyclase eriG for the production of cyatha- 3,12-diene. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase eriI then hydroxylates cyatha-3,12-diene at C-14 of the seven-membered ring to produce erinacol, which is further hydroxylated at C-15 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase eriC to yield cyathadiol. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase eriA then catalyzes C-11 hydroxylation in the presence of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) eriH, which leads to the production of cyathatriol. The acetyltransferase eriL converts cyathatriol into 11-O-acetyl-cyathatriol. The SDR eriH catalyzes further oxidation of 11-O-acetyl-cyathatriol into 1-O-acetylcyathin A3. Finally, the glycosyl transferase eriJ tranfers xylose from UDP-xylose onto C-14 of 11-O-acetyl-cyathatriol to form eracine Q. EriJ is also able to convert 11-O-acetyl-cyathatriol to eracine Q2 by using UDP-D- glucose as cosubstrate, but at a lower rate (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Dermonecrotic toxins cleave the phosphodiester linkage between the phosphate and headgroup of certain phospholipids (sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates), forming an alcohol (often choline) and a cyclic phosphate (By similarity). This toxin acts on sphingomyelin (SM) with high activity (9.5 U/mg) (PubMed:15450925). It may also act on ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), but not on lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (By similarity). It acts by transphosphatidylation, releasing exclusively cyclic phosphate products as second products (By similarity). Induces dermonecrosis, hemolysis, increased vascular permeability, edema, inflammatory response, and platelet aggregation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the arthropod phospholipase D family. Class II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family. PLADES subfamily.


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: Component of the F(0) channel, it forms part of the peripheral stalk, linking F(1) to F(0). The b'-subunit is a diverged and duplicated form of b found in plants and photosynthetic bacteria. FUNCTION: The complex from the organism is particularly stable to disruption and remains functional after 6 hrs at 55 degrees Celsius. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase B chain family.


FUNCTION: As part of the augmin complex, plays a role in centrosome- independent generation of spindle microtubules (PubMed:18443220). The complex is required for mitotic spindle assembly through its involvement in localizing gamma-tubulin to spindle microtubules (PubMed:17412918). dgt2 binds to microtubules in vitro (PubMed:19289792). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Note=Stably associates with the polar regions of some acentrosomal meiotic spindles in contrast to the uniform staining observed over mitotic spindles in syncytial embryos (PubMed:19289792, PubMed:23785300).


FUNCTION: Involved in the control of organ size (PubMed:24486766). Upon auxin signaling, is targeted by the transcription activator SMOS1 to regulate cell expansion during organ size control (PubMed:24486766). May promote cell expansion by modulating microtubule organization (PubMed:24486766). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Secreted, extracellular space Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EXORDIUM family.


FUNCTION: When phosphate concentrations are high it phosphorylates the PHO4 transcription factor thus establishing repression. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: Diels-Alderase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of equisetin, a trans-fused decalin-containing tetramic acid with antimicrobial activity (PubMed:23614392). The PKS module of eqxS together with the enoylreductase eqxC catalyze the formation of the polyketide unit which is then conjugated to L-serine by the condensation domain of the eqxS NRPS module (PubMed:23614392). Activity of the Dieckmann cyclase domain (RED) results in release of the Dieckmann product intermediate (PubMed:23614392, PubMed:18652469). Diels-Alderase eqx3 is involved in endo-selective Diels-Alder cycloaddition to form the decalin ring, leading to the production of N- desmethylequisetin also called trichosetin (By similarity). Subsequent N-methylation is carried out by eqxD to give equisetin (PubMed:23614392). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Diels-Alderase family.


FUNCTION: Has lipolytic activity towards triacylglycerols, vinyl esters and phospholipid. Of the triacylglycerols, the highest activity is towards tributyrin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'GDSL' lipolytic enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Light-harvesting photosynthetic bile pigment-protein from the phycobiliprotein complex. Allophycocyanin has a maximum absorption at approximately 650 nanometers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Note=Forms the core of the phycobilisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phycobiliprotein family.


FUNCTION: Part of a binding-protein-dependent transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 5 family.


FUNCTION: Essential serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular growth and survival processes including Wnt signaling, DNA repair and circadian rhythms. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Phosphorylates connexin-43/GJA1, MAP1A, SNAPIN, MAPT/TAU, TOP2A, DCK, HIF1A, EIF6, p53/TP53, DVL2, DVL3, ESR1, AIB1/NCOA3, DNMT1, PKD2, YAP1, PER1 and PER2. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, determines the circadian period length through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. Controls PER1 and PER2 nuclear transport and degradation. YAP1 phosphorylation promotes its SCF(beta-TRCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. DNMT1 phosphorylation reduces its DNA-binding activity. Phosphorylation of ESR1 and AIB1/NCOA3 stimulates their activity and coactivation. Phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3 regulates WNT3A signaling pathway that controls neurite outgrowth. Phosphorylates NEDD9/HEF1 (By similarity). EIF6 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear export. Triggers down- regulation of dopamine receptors in the forebrain. Activates DCK in vitro by phosphorylation. TOP2A phosphorylation favors DNA cleavable complex formation. May regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus in extravillous trophoblast. Modulates connexin-43/GJA1 gap junction assembly by phosphorylation. Probably involved in lymphocyte physiology. Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate. FUNCTION: Essential serine/threonine-protein kinase that regulates diverse cellular growth and survival processes including Wnt signaling, DNA repair and circadian rhythms. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Phosphorylates connexin-43/GJA1, MAP1A, SNAPIN, MAPT/TAU, TOP2A, DCK, HIF1A, EIF6, p53/TP53, DVL2, DVL3, ESR1, AIB1/NCOA3, DNMT1, PKD2, YAP1, PER1 and PER2. Central component of the circadian clock. In balance with PP1, determines the circadian period length through the regulation of the speed and rhythmicity of PER1 and PER2 phosphorylation. Controls PER1 and PER2 nuclear transport and degradation. YAP1 phosphorylation promotes its SCF(beta-TRCP) E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. DNMT1 phosphorylation reduces its DNA-binding activity. Phosphorylation of ESR1 and AIB1/NCOA3 stimulates their activity and coactivation. Phosphorylation of DVL2 and DVL3 regulates WNT3A signaling pathway that controls neurite outgrowth. Phosphorylates NEDD9/HEF1 (By similarity). EIF6 phosphorylation promotes its nuclear export. Triggers down- regulation of dopamine receptors in the forebrain. Activates DCK in vitro by phosphorylation. TOP2A phosphorylation favors DNA cleavable complex formation. May regulate the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus in extravillous trophoblast. Modulates connexin-43/GJA1 gap junction assembly by phosphorylation. Probably involved in lymphocyte physiology. Regulates fast synaptic transmission mediated by glutamate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Cell membrane. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle. Golgi apparatus. Note=Localized at mitotic spindle microtubules, and at the centrosomes and interphase in interphase cells. Recruited to the spindle apparatus and the centrosomes in response to DNA-damage. Correct subcellular localization requires kinase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell membrane Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Golgi apparatus Note=Localized at mitotic spindle microtubules, and at the centrosomes and interphase in interphase cells. Recruited to the spindle apparatus and the centrosomes in response to DNA-damage. Correct subcellular localization requires kinase activity (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor (PubMed:12183469, PubMed:16415179). Acts as a component of the histone deacetylase NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin (PubMed:16428440, PubMed:28977666). Enhances MBD2-mediated repression (PubMed:12183469, PubMed:16415179). Efficient repression requires the presence of GATAD2B (PubMed:16415179). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Nucleus Chromosome Note=Speckled nuclear localization requires both CR1 and CR2 regions (PubMed:16415179). Localizes to sites of DNA damage in a manner partially dependent on ZMYND8 (PubMed:27732854).


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of tryptophan to tRNA(Trp). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-2 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin type-1 serine/threonine kinase receptors (ACVR1, ACVR1B or ACVR1c). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocrine role in follicular development in the ovary. Within the receptor complex, the type-2 receptors act as a primary activin receptors (binds activin-A/INHBA, activin-B/INHBB as well as inhibin- A/INHA-INHBA). The type-1 receptors like ACVR1B act as downstream transducers of activin signals. Activin binds to type-2 receptor at the plasma membrane and activates its serine-threonine kinase. The activated receptor type-2 then phosphorylates and activates the type-1 receptor. Once activated, the type-1 receptor binds and phosphorylates the SMAD proteins SMAD2 and SMAD3, on serine residues of the C-terminal tail. Soon after their association with the activin receptor and subsequent phosphorylation, SMAD2 and SMAD3 are released into the cytoplasm where they interact with the common partner SMAD4. This SMAD complex translocates into the nucleus where it mediates activin-induced transcription. Inhibitory SMAD7, which is recruited to ACVR1B through FKBP1A, can prevent the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. Activin signal transduction is also antagonized by the binding to the receptor of inhibin-B via the IGSF1 inhibin coreceptor (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of mevalonate to mevalonate 5- phosphate, a key step in isoprenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GHMP kinase family. Mevalonate kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Cooperates with insulin-like peptides to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disk cells. May act by stabilizing the binding of insulin-like peptides to its receptor through a simultaneous interaction with both molecules to form a multiprotein signaling complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Secreted in hemolymph. It is probably transported to target tissues via hemolymph. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. IDGF subfamily.


FUNCTION: E2-like enzyme required for the cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy and nucleophagy. Acts as an E2-like enzyme that catalyzes the conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. ATG12 conjugation to ATG5 is required for proper localization of ATG8 to the preautophagosomal structure (PAS). Likely serves as an ATG5-recognition molecule (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG10 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of L-asparagine to L-aspartate and ammonium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asparaginase 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the alpha-amino group from L-lysine to 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) to form 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA). B.subtilis is the only bacterium known to utilize L-lysine as an amino donor in the biosynthesis of DAPA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. BioA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain (PubMed:23161216). Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (By similarity). Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization (PubMed:8081723, PubMed:1283219, PubMed:10484328, PubMed:12560340, PubMed:19074135, PubMed:19717558, PubMed:24901643). Can form functional homotetrameric and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNB2; channel properties depend on the type of alpha subunits that are part of the channel (By similarity). Can also form functional heterotetrameric channels with other alpha subunits that are non-conducting when expressed alone, such as KCNF1, KCNG1, KCNG3, KCNG4, KCNH1, KCNH2, KCNS1, KCNS2, KCNS3 and KCNV1, creating a functionally diverse range of channel complexes (PubMed:10484328, PubMed:11852086, PubMed:12060745, PubMed:19074135, PubMed:19717558, PubMed:24901643). Heterotetrameric channel activity formed with KCNS3 show increased current amplitude with the threshold for action potential activation shifted towards more negative values in hypoxic- treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (By similarity). Channel properties are also modulated by cytoplasmic ancillary beta subunits such as AMIGO1, KCNE1, KCNE2 and KCNE3, slowing activation and inactivation rate of the delayed rectifier potassium channels (By similarity). In vivo, membranes probably contain a mixture of heteromeric potassium channel complexes, making it difficult to assign currents observed in intact tissues to any particular potassium channel family member. Major contributor to the slowly inactivating delayed- rectifier voltage-gated potassium current in neurons of the central nervous system, sympathetic ganglion neurons, neuroendocrine cells, pancreatic beta cells, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells. Mediates the major part of the somatodendritic delayed-rectifier potassium current in hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons and sympathetic superior cervical ganglion (CGC) neurons that acts to slow down periods of firing, especially during high frequency stimulation. Plays a role in the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of neuron excitability in the CA3 layer of the hippocampus (By similarity). Contributes to the regulation of glucose-induced action potential amplitude and duration in pancreatic beta cells, hence limiting calcium influx and insulin secretion (PubMed:23161216). Plays a role in the regulation of resting membrane potential and contraction in hypoxia-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. May contribute to the regulation of the duration of both the action potential of cardiomyocytes and the heart ventricular repolarization QT interval. Contributes to the pronounced pro-apoptotic potassium current surge during neuronal apoptotic cell death in response to oxidative injury. May confer neuroprotection in response to hypoxia/ischemic insults by suppressing pyramidal neurons hyperexcitability in hippocampal and cortical regions (By similarity). Promotes trafficking of KCNG3, KCNH1 and KCNH2 to the cell surface membrane, presumably by forming heterotetrameric channels with these subunits (PubMed:12060745). Plays a role in the calcium-dependent recruitment and release of fusion-competent vesicles from the soma of neurons, neuroendocrine and glucose-induced pancreatic beta cells by binding key components of the fusion machinery in a pore-independent manner (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Perikaryon Cell projection, axon Cell projection, dendrite Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Postsynaptic cell membrane Synapse Synapse, synaptosome Lateral cell membrane Cell membrane, sarcolemma Note=Localizes to high-density somatodendritic clusters and non-clustered sites on the surface of neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons in a cortical actin cytoskeleton-dependent manner (PubMed:24477962). Localizes also to high-density clusters in the axon initial segment (AIS), at ankyrin-G- deficient sites, on the surface of neocortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons (PubMed:24477962). KCNB1-containing AIS clusters localize either in close apposition to smooth endoplasmic reticulum cisternal organelles or with GABA-A receptor-containing synapses of hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons, respectively (PubMed:24477962). Localizes to high-density clusters on the cell surface of atrial and ventricular myocytes and at the lateral plasma membrane in epithelial cells. Localizes both to the axial and transverse tubules (T tubule) and sarcolemma in ventricular myocytes. Associated with lipid raft domains. In cortical neurons, apoptotic injuries induce de novo plasma membrane insertion in a SNARE-dependent manner causing an apoptotic potassium current surge. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the potassium channel family. B (Shab) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv2.1/KCNB1 sub-subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the three-step monooxygenation required for the demethylation of 4,4-dimethyl and 4alpha-methylsterols, which can be subsequently metabolized to cholesterol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sterol desaturase family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from an unknown electron donor, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory and/or the photosynthetic chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Cyanobacterial NDH-1 also plays a role in inorganic carbon-concentration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I NdhM subunit family.


FUNCTION: Could methylate the ribose at the nucleotide 34 wobble position in tRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class IV-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. RNA methyltransferase TrmH family. TrmL subfamily.


FUNCTION: May have a role in immune function. Probably involved in the processing of antigenic peptides during MHC class II-mediated antigen presentation. May play a role in activation-induced lymphocyte depletion in the thymus, and in neuronal degeneration and glial cell activation in the brain (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome Note=The proenzyme is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, while the mature enzyme is localized to the endosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(P)(+)-dependent oxidation of alpha- ketoglutaric semialdehyde (alphaKGSA) to alpha-ketoglutarate in the D- glutarate degradation pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Could be involved in the regulation of nitrogen fixation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the P(II) protein family.


FUNCTION: Murein endopeptidase that cleaves the D-alanyl-meso-2,6- diamino-pimelyl amide bond that connects peptidoglycan strands. Likely plays a role in the removal of murein from the sacculus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M74 family.


FUNCTION: Probably acts downstream of the Wnt signaling pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Secreted.


FUNCTION: Transcription coactivator that plays a role in the regulation of cell expansion in leaf and cotyledons tissues (By similarity). Component of a network formed by miR396, the GRFs and their interacting factors (GIFs) acting in the regulation of meristem function, at least partially through the control of cell proliferation (By similarity). GIFs are involved in the positive regulation of cell proliferation of lateral organs in a functionally redundant manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SS18 family.


FUNCTION: Netrins control guidance of CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons. Its association with either DCC or some UNC5 receptors will lead to axon attraction or repulsion, respectively. Binding to UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion (PubMed:28483977). Involved in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord (PubMed:28483977). It also serves as a survival factor via its association with its receptors which prevent the initiation of apoptosis. Involved in colorectal tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Cytoplasm Note=Mainly secreted.


FUNCTION: Required for extension of lifespan by sir-2.1 (PubMed:16777605). Required to modulate lifespan, in concert with hcf- 1, acting redundantly with 14-3-3-like protein par-5 (PubMed:21909281). Promotes nuclear export of yap-1 (PubMed:23396260). Negatively regulates the transcriptional activity of daf-16 by sequestering it to the cytoplasm (PubMed:21531333). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.


FUNCTION: Component of an export pathway for enterobactin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. EntS (TC 2.A.1.38) family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Actively translocating nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttle protein.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role for the viral pathogenicity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the novirhabdovirus NV protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible cyclization of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible cyclization of carbamoyl aspartate to dihydroorotate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class I DHOase subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. Class I DHOase subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. YbiT subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. YbiT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which, independently of RAS, transduces signals from tyrosine kinase receptors to RAC. It also mediates signaling of membrane ruffling. Regulates the actin cytoskeleton as an effector or adapter protein in response to agonist stimulated phosphatidylinositol (3,4)-bisphosphate production and cell protrusion (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane Nucleus Cell projection, lamellipodium Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=Localizes predominantly to the nucleus in activated cells. Only a small amount can be detected in the cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of caffeine (PubMed:17401201, PubMed:17434991). Specific for xanthosine (PubMed:17434991). Cannot use xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP) as substrate (PubMed:17434991). Directly produces 7-methylxanthine, and therefore the methyl transfer and nucleoside cleavage may be coupled (PubMed:17434991). Catalyzes the 7-N-methylation of xanthosine, but does not have 1-N- or 3-N- methylation activity (PubMed:17434991). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Type-7 methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the dTDP-L-rhamnose which is an important component of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (PubMed:8170390). Catalyzes the reduction of dTDP-6-deoxy-L-lyxo-4-hexulose to yield dTDP-L-rhamnose (By similarity). RmlD uses NADH and NADPH nearly equally well (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose reductase family.


FUNCTION: Tautomerization of D-dopachrome with decarboxylation to give 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIF family.


FUNCTION: Golgi membrane protein involved in vesicular trafficking and spindle migration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TVP38/TMEM64 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in regulation of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of multiple N-terminal glutamate residues. Seems to inhibit gamma- carboxylase ggcx. Binds 7 calcium ions with a low affinity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Golgi apparatus Secreted Melanosome Sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CREC family.


FUNCTION: RNA chaperone that plays a key role in telomere maintenance and RNA localization to Cajal bodies. Specifically recognizes and binds the Cajal body box (CAB box) present in both small Cajal body RNAs (scaRNAs) and telomerase RNA template component (TERC). Essential component of the telomerase holoenzyme complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex essential for the replication of chromosome termini that elongates telomeres in most eukaryotes. In the telomerase holoenzyme complex, required to stimulate the catalytic activity of the complex. Acts by specifically binding the CAB box of the TERC RNA and controlling the folding of the CR4/CR5 region of the TERC RNA, a critical step for telomerase activity. In addition, also controls telomerase holoenzyme complex localization to Cajal body. During S phase, required for delivery of TERC to telomeres during S phase and for telomerase activity. In addition to its role in telomere maintenance, also required for Cajal body formation, probably by mediating localization of scaRNAs to Cajal bodies. Also plays a role in DNA repair: phosphorylated by ATM in response to DNA damage and relocalizes to sites of DNA double-strand breaks to promote the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Acts by recruiting the ubiquitin ligase RNF8 to DNA breaks and promote both homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, Cajal body Chromosome, telomere Chromosome Note=Released from telomerase RNA template component (TERC) in mitotic cells coincident with delocalization from Cajal bodies. In response to DNA damage, localizes to sites of DNA double-strand breaks following phosphorylation by ATM. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TCAB1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. It modifies DNA in a non-processive manner and also methylates non-CpG sites. May preferentially methylate DNA linker between 2 nucleosomal cores and is inhibited by histone H1. Plays a role in paternal and maternal imprinting. Required for methylation of most imprinted loci in germ cells. Acts as a transcriptional corepressor for ZBTB18. Recruited to trimethylated 'Lys-36' of histone H3 (H3K36me3) sites. Can actively repress transcription through the recruitment of HDAC activity (By similarity). Also has weak auto-methylation activity on Cys-706 in absence of DNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Cytoplasm Note=Accumulates in the major satellite repeats at pericentric heterochromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Secreted effector that triggers a robust hypersensitive response (HR) in Lactuca serriola LS102. The response to BLN06 was visible as chlorosis but not as strong necrosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: Functions as an intracellular arginine sensor within the amino acid-sensing branch of the TORC1 signaling pathway (PubMed:26972053, PubMed:27487210, PubMed:33594058). As a homodimer or a heterodimer with CASTOR2, binds and inhibits the GATOR subcomplex GATOR2 and thereby mTORC1 (PubMed:26972053, PubMed:27487210, PubMed:33594058). Binding of arginine to CASTOR1 allosterically disrupts the interaction of CASTOR1-containing dimers with GATOR2 which can in turn activate mTORC1 and the TORC1 signaling pathway (PubMed:26972053, PubMed:27487210, PubMed:33594058). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GATS family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the alpha-amino group from S- adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) to form 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA). It is the only aminotransferase known to utilize SAM as an amino donor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. BioA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required specifically for the determination of 3 vulval precursor cell fates P5.p, P6.p and P7.p during late second and early third larval stages; required for basolateral localization of receptor tyrosine kinase let-23. Could have a general but redundant role in development, functioning in diverse cell lineages to control cell fates (PubMed:10359617, PubMed:2159938). Regulates the trafficking of the glr-1 subunit of AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPRs) in the ventral nerve cord (PubMed:17671168, PubMed:22252129, PubMed:22213799). This may be partly through interacting with the small GTPase rab-6.2 in its active GTP-bound state (PubMed:22213799). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, Golgi stack membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm Synapse Perikaryon Note=In trans cisternae of Golgi or trans-Golgi network (PubMed:10359617). Localizes to Gogli-associated structures (PubMed:22213799). Partially co-localizes with glr-1 at the synapse (PubMed:17671168). Localizes in endosome-like structures in ventral cord dendrites. During hypoxia, diffused cytoplasmic localization. Localization in the ventral nerve cord is regulated by egl-9 isoform e and cdk-5 (PubMed:22252129). Co-localizes with rab-6.2 in neuronal cell bodies (PubMed:22213799). Co-localizes with rme-8 in puntate structures in neuronal cell bodies and in the intestine (PubMed:22213799).


FUNCTION: May be involved in fusion of retrograde transport vesicles derived from an endocytic compartment with the Golgi complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SFT2 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Rab GDI family.


FUNCTION: Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane. Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NqrB/RnfD family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast, plastoglobule. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family. Aldo/keto reductase 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Amino-acid permease that is able to transport phenylalanine (PubMed:21764911, PubMed:28028545). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. YAT (TC 2.A.3.10) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. DOG/GPP family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that shows several activities. It shows strong anticoagulant activity, probably by binding to coagulation factor Xa (F10) and inhibiting the formation of the prothrombinase complex (PubMed:15922780), shows direct hemolytic action, causes neuromuscular blockade with a gradual contracture and a decreased sensitivity to ACh and KCl, abolishes twitches evoked by indirect stimulation earlier than those by direct stimulation (in the mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation), and causes myonecrosis when injected intramuscularly (PubMed:3615669). PLA2 catalyzes the calcium- dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Essential for growth. Interacts with MglA to control social gliding motility. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family.


FUNCTION: DNA helicase that plays an important role in DNA replication, transcription and repair. Binds to the RNA polymerase II subunit POLR2A during transcription elongation and suppresses transcription-associated genomic instability. Associates also with POLR1A and enforces the stability of ribosomal DNA arrays. Plays an important role in mitotic chromosome separation after cross-over events and cell cycle progress. Mechanistically, removes RAD51 filaments protecting stalled replication forks at common fragile sites and stimulates MUS81-EME1 endonuclease leading to mitotic DNA synthesis. Required for efficient DNA repair, including repair of inter-strand cross-links. Stimulates DNA decatenation mediated by TOP2A. Prevents sister chromatid exchange and homologous recombination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm Note=Recruited to sites of DNA damage, such as single-strand breaks and inter-strand cross-links, and at stalled replication forks. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. RecQ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins. Can assemble a [2Fe-2S] cluster, but cannot transfer it to an apoferredoxin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. CPYC subfamily.


FUNCTION: The MSL proteins are essential for elevating transcription of the single X chromosome in the male (X chromosome dosage compensation). Mle, msl-1 and msl-3 are colocalized on the X chromosome. Each of the MSL proteins requires all the other MSLs for wild-type X-chromosome binding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Msl-3 is associated with hundreds of discrete sites along the length of the X chromosome in males and not in females, and is also associated with 10-20 autosomal sites in males.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM9 family.


FUNCTION: Possible role in synthesis of the nonaprenyl side chain of plastoquinone or in synthesis of other prenyl chains such as undekaprenyl pyrophosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible transamination between alanine and 2-oxoglutarate to form pyruvate and glutamate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Alanine aminotransferase subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Isoform Capsid protein]: Forms an icosahedral capsid with a T=1 symmetry and a 34 nm diameter. The capsid is composed of 60 copies linked to each other. Binds to the 5' end of the genomic RNA to mediate genome encapsidation (By similarity). Binds to heparin surface proteoglycans (HSPGs) to mediate viral entry. Additionally, the interactions with host ASGR1 and ASGR2 facilitate viral infection of hepatocytes (By similarity). Inhibits IFN production by blocking host TBK1-induced IRF3 phosphorylation (By similarity). The nuclear form probably modulates host gene expression (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Isoform Secreted protein ORF2]: Plays a role in the inhibition of host antibody-mediated neutralization without blocking viral cell entry. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Capsid protein]: Virion Host cytoplasm Host endoplasmic reticulum Host Golgi apparatus Host cell surface Host nucleus Note=Translation from the internal AUG codon disrupts the signal sequence, producing a cytoplasmic protein that is responsible for virion assembly (By similarity). Shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus (By similarity). This isoform is found in quasi-enveloped virions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Secreted protein ORF2]: Secreted Note=Cotranslationally translocated into the ER. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hepevirus capsid protein family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the trafficking and dendritic transport of signaling proteins, such as the receptor-type guanylate cyclases gcy-12 and daf-11, to the cilia. In ciliated sensory neurons, required for the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in response to onset and removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby required for the behavioral avoidance response to NO-producing organisms like P.aeruginosa (PubMed:30014846). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, cilium.


FUNCTION: Required for assembly of the protein secretion apparatus HSI- I. Actively secreted during chronic infection of cystic fibrosis patients. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hcp1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the Notch signaling pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the M4-like protein family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in the inhibition of host immune response. Prevents the establishment of cellular antiviral state by blocking interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) production and signaling pathway. Interacts with host IFIH1/MDA5 and DHX58/LGP2 to inhibit the transduction pathway involved in the activation of IFN-beta promoter, thus protecting the virus against cell antiviral state. Blocks the type I interferon signaling pathway by interacting with host TYK2 and thereby inhibiting downstream STAT1 and STAT2 phosphorylation. Moderately affects the type II interferon signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paramyxoviruses V protein family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-specific adapter of SKP1-containing E3 ubiquitin- protein ligases which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of host target proteins. Prevents activation and subsequent nuclear localization of NF-kappa-B in infected cells, by targeting NF-kappa-B RELA subunit to the SCF E3 ligase complex (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG023 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Spore, perispore.


FUNCTION: Component of the signal recognition particle (SRP) complex, a ribonucleoprotein complex that mediates the cotranslational targeting of secretory and membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (By similarity). SRP9 together with SRP14 and the Alu portion of the SRP RNA, constitutes the elongation arrest domain of SRP (By similarity). The complex of SRP9 and SRP14 is required for SRP RNA binding (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SRP9 family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system HssS/HssR involved in intracellular heme homeostasis and tempering of staphylococcal virulence. Phosphorylated HssR binds to a direct repeat sequence within hrtAB promoter and activates the expression of hrtAB, an efflux pump, in response to extracellular heme, hemin, hemoglobin or blood (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: This three-finger toxin binds and inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily.