FUNCTION: Involved in DNA repair and in homologous recombination. Binds and assemble on single-stranded DNA to form a nucleoprotein filament. Hydrolyzes ATP in a ssDNA-dependent manner and promotes DNA strand exchange between homologous DNA molecules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic RecA-like protein family.


FUNCTION: Unconventional myosin that functions as actin-based motor protein with ATPase activity (PubMed:30467170). Binds to membranes enriched in phosphatidylinositol 4-5-bisphosphate, and can glide along actin filaments when anchored to a lipid bilayer (PubMed:30467170). Generates left-right asymmetry at the level of single cells, organs and the whole body via its interaction with the actin cytoskeleton, both in the embryo and the adult (PubMed:16598258, PubMed:16598259, PubMed:18521948, PubMed:26073018, PubMed:25659376, PubMed:30467170). Normal left-right asymmetry of the larval midgut and hindgut requires expression in the embryonic hindgut epithelium during a critical time period, 10 to 12.75 hours after egg laying (PubMed:18521948). This period corresponds to a late stage of germband retraction, and precedes left-right asymmetric morphogenesis (PubMed:18521948). Expression in segment H1 of the imaginal ring is required at 0 to 24 hours after pupation for changes of cell shape and orientation in the H2 segment, which then gives rise to normal, dextral looping of the adult hindgut (PubMed:16598258, PubMed:26073018). Required during a critical period, 126-132 hours after egg laying, for normal, dextral rotation of the adult male genitalia (PubMed:16598258, PubMed:16598259, PubMed:22491943, PubMed:26073018, PubMed:25659376). Has a double role by promoting dextral rotation in the posterior compartment of segment A8 of the male genital disk, and in repressing sinistral looping in the anterior compartment (PubMed:16598259). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cell cortex Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Cell junction Cell junction, adherens junction Cell projection Note=Detected throughout the cytoplasm. Detected primarily in the basolateral cytoplasmic region of immature enterocytes. Detected also in the apical cytoplasmic region in midgut enterocytes and follicle cells (PubMed:7589814). Colocalizes with the actin cytoskeleton (PubMed:7589814, PubMed:16598258, PubMed:16598259, PubMed:25659376). Colocalizes with arm at adherens junctions (PubMed:16598259). Colocalizes with ds at cell junctions (PubMed:26073018). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein A family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal formation of eisosomes, large cytoplasmic protein assemblies that localize to specialized domains on plasma membrane and mark the site of endocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic granule Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Localizes at the eisosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EIS1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin family.


FUNCTION: Putative chaperone involved in protein folding. Interferes with propagation of [PSI+] prion when overproduced. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Also promotes endoribonucleolytic cleavage of some transcripts by promoting recruitment of the ribonuclease P/MRP complex (PubMed:8973653, PubMed:30930054). Acts by bridging YTHDF2 and the ribonuclease P/MRP complex (PubMed:30930054). RIDA/HRSP12 binds to N6- methyladenosine (m6A)-containing mRNAs containing a 5'-GGUUC-3' motif: cooperative binding of RIDA/HRSP12 and YTHDF2 to such transcripts lead to recruitment of the ribonuclease P/MRP complex and subsequent endoribonucleolytic cleavage (PubMed:30930054). FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of enamine/imine intermediates that form during the course of normal metabolism. May facilitate the release of ammonia from these potentially toxic reactive metabolites, reducing their impact on cellular components. It may act on enamine/imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'- phosphate-dependent dehydratases including L-threonine dehydratase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Peroxisome Mitochondrion Note=Mostly cytoplasmic but, in less differentiated cells occasionally nuclear. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RutC family.


FUNCTION: Smooth muscle-contracting peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotensin family.


FUNCTION: Encapsidates the genome, protecting it from nucleases. If expressed without protein P it binds non-specifically RNA and therefore can bind it's own mRNA. Interaction with protein P abolishes any non- specific RNA binding, and prevents phosphorylation. The soluble N-P complex encapsidates specifically the genomic RNA, with protein N protecting the genome like a pearl necklace. The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the nucleocapsid (NC) and serves as template for viral transcription and replication. Protein N binds protein P in the NC through a different interaction, and can be phosphorylated. Subsequent viral replication is dependent on intracellular concentration of newly synthesized protein N. During replication, encapsidation by protein N is coupled to RNA synthesis and all replicative products are resistant to nucleases (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lyssavirus nucleocapsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Probable transporter. Confers resistance to benomyl and methotrexate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. CAR1 family.


FUNCTION: Suppresses cannabinoid receptor CNR1-mediated tonic inhibition of voltage-gated calcium channels. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CNRIP family.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional glycoprotein that acts as receptor for a broad range of ligands. Ligands can be of proteinaceous nature like thrombospondin, fibronectin, collagen or amyloid-beta as well as of lipidic nature such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), anionic phospholipids, long-chain fatty acids and bacterial diacylated lipopeptides. They are generally multivalent and can therefore engage multiple receptors simultaneously, the resulting formation of CD36 clusters initiates signal transduction and internalization of receptor- ligand complexes. The dependency on coreceptor signaling is strongly ligand specific. Cellular responses to these ligands are involved in angiogenesis, inflammatory response, fatty acid metabolism, taste and dietary fat processing in the intestine (By similarity) (PubMed:8320718). Binds long-chain fatty acids and facilitates their transport into cells, thus participating in muscle lipid utilization, adipose energy storage, and gut fat absorption (By similarity) (PubMed:8320718). Mechanistically, binding of fatty acids activates downstream kinase LYN, which phosphorylates the palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC5 and inactivates it, resulting in the subsequent depalmitoylation of CD36 and caveolar endocytosis (By similarity). In the small intestine, plays a role in proximal absorption of dietary fatty acid and cholesterol for optimal chylomicron formation, possibly through the activation of MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway (By similarity) (PubMed:16276419, PubMed:21610069). Involved in oral fat perception and preferences (By similarity) (PubMed:16276419). Detection into the tongue of long-chain fatty acids leads to a rapid and sustained rise in flux and protein content of pancreatobiliary secretions (By similarity) (PubMed:16276419). In taste receptor cells, mediates the induction of an increase in intracellular calcium levels by long-chain fatty acids, leading to the activation of the gustatory neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract (By similarity). Important factor in both ventromedial hypothalamus neuronal sensing of long-chain fatty acid and the regulation of energy and glucose homeostasis (By similarity) (PubMed:23557700). Receptor for thrombospondins, THBS1 and THBS2, mediating their antiangiogenic effects (By similarity). As a coreceptor for TLR4:TLR6 heterodimer, promotes inflammation in monocytes/macrophages. Upon ligand binding, such as oxLDL or amyloid- beta 42, interacts with the heterodimer TLR4:TLR6, the complex is internalized and triggers inflammatory response, leading to NF-kappa-B- dependent production of CXCL1, CXCL2 and CCL9 cytokines, via MYD88 signaling pathway, and CCL5 cytokine, via TICAM1 signaling pathway, as well as IL1B secretion, through the priming and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Selective and nonredundant sensor of microbial diacylated lipopeptide that signal via TLR2:TLR6 heterodimer, this cluster triggers signaling from the cell surface, leading to the NF-kappa-B- dependent production of TNF, via MYD88 signaling pathway and subsequently is targeted to the Golgi in a lipid-raft dependent pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Membrane raft Golgi apparatus Apical cell membrane Note=Upon ligand-binding, internalized through dynamin-dependent endocytosis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD36 family.


FUNCTION: Specific component of the STT3A-containing form of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol-pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation. N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity. May be involved in N- glycosylation of APP (amyloid-beta precursor protein). Can modulate gamma-secretase cleavage of APP by enhancing endoprotelysis of PSEN1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OSTC family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the conversion of cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbonyl-CoA into (E)-2-cyclohex-1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA in biosynthesis of cyclohexane- 1-carboxylate, a by-product produced during fermentation of benzoate and crotonate to acetate. Also able to further convert (E)-2-cyclohex- 1,5-diene-1-carbonyl-CoA to benzoyl-CoA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in various processes, such as translational repression, RNA stabilization, mRNA splicing and transcription regulation (By similarity). Binds preferentially to the 5'-[CU]CUGCG-3' RNA motif and specifically recognizes mRNA transcripts modified by C5-methylcytosine (m5C) (By similarity). Promotes mRNA stabilization: acts by binding to m5C-containing mRNAs and preventing mRNA decay (By similarity). Plays a role in the maternal-to-zygotic transition in early embryo by binding to m5C-containing maternal mRNAs and preventing their degradation (By similarity). Also promotes maternal-to-zygotic transition in oocytes and embryos by promoting translation repression; molecular mechanisms governing translation repression are unknown (By similarity). Plays a key role in RNA composition of extracellular exosomes by defining the sorting of small non-coding RNAs, such as tRNAs, Y RNAs, Vault RNAs and miRNAs (By similarity). Probably sorts RNAs in exosomes by recognizing and binding C5-methylcytosine (m5C)-containing RNAs (By similarity). Acts as a key effector of epidermal progenitors by preventing epidermal progenitor senescence: acts by regulating the translation of a senescence- associated subset of cytokine mRNAs, possibly by binding to m5C- containing mRNAs (By similarity). Also involved in pre-mRNA alternative splicing regulation: binds to splice sites in pre-mRNA and regulates splice site selection (By similarity). Also able to bind DNA and regulate transcription (PubMed:2247479). Binds to promoters that contain a Y-box (5'-CTGATTGGCCAA-3') (PubMed:2247479). Promotes separation of DNA strands that contain mismatches or are modified by cisplatin (By similarity). Has endonucleolytic activity and can introduce nicks or breaks into double-stranded DNA, suggesting a role in DNA repair (By similarity). The secreted form acts as an extracellular mitogen and stimulates cell migration and proliferation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasmic granule Secreted Secreted, extracellular exosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YBX1 family.


FUNCTION: Aminopeptidase that plays a central role in peptide trimming, a step required for the generation of most HLA class I-binding peptides. Peptide trimming is essential to customize longer precursor peptides to fit them to the correct length required for presentation on MHC class I molecules. Strongly prefers substrates 9-16 residues long. Rapidly degrades 13-mer to a 9-mer and then stops. Preferentially hydrolyzes the residue Leu and peptides with a hydrophobic C-terminus, while it has weak activity toward peptides with charged C-terminus. May play a role in the inactivation of peptide hormones. May be involved in the regulation of blood pressure through the inactivation of angiotensin II and/or the generation of bradykinin in the kidney (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-E subfamily.


FUNCTION: Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and stimulates the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain kinase and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of TFIIH. Both TFIIH and TFIIE are required for promoter clearance by RNA polymerase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIE alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. They oxidize a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Antimicrobial protein that kills intracellular pathogens. Active against a broad range of microbes, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Located in the cytotoxic granules of T-cells, which are released upon antigen stimulation.


FUNCTION: Involved in the secretion of lactococcin A. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the membrane fusion protein (MFP) (TC 8.A.1) family.


FUNCTION: Part of the multicomponent carbazole 1,9a-dioxygenase (CARDO), that converts carbazole (CAR) into 2-aminobiphenyl-2,3-diol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in defense against fungal pathogens. Possesses antifungal activity against diverse pathogenic fungi. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol.


FUNCTION: Associated component of the MCM complex that acts as a regulator of DNA replication. Binds to the MCM complex during late S phase and may act by promoting the disassembly of the MCM complex from chromatin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MCMBP family.


FUNCTION: Translocates 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose-phosphoundecaprenol (alpha-L-Ara4N-phosphoundecaprenol) from the cytoplasmic to the periplasmic side of the inner membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ArnF family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of (+)-sesamin, a furofuran class lignan (PubMed:16785429). Functions in a dual catalytic mode (PubMed:16785429). Catalyzes the synthesis of (+)-sesamin from (+)- pinoresinol by formation of two successive methylenedioxy bridges on (+)-pinoresinol and (+)-piperitol, respectively (PubMed:16785429). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the origin recognition complex (ORC) that binds origins of replication. DNA-binding is ATP-dependent. The specific DNA sequences that define origins of replication have not been identified yet. ORC is required to assemble the pre-replication complex necessary to initiate DNA replication. Binds histone H3 and H4 trimethylation marks H3K9me3, H3K27me3 and H4K20me3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ORC3 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nitrobindin family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late endosomal membrane and to regulate late endocytic, phagocytic and autophagic traffic towards lysosomes. The CORVET complex is proposed to function as a Rab5 effector to mediate early endosome fusion probably in specific endosome subpopulations (PubMed:23351085, PubMed:24554770, PubMed:25266290, PubMed:25783203). Required for fusion of endosomes and autophagosomes with lysosomes; the function is dependent on its association with VPS16 but not VIPAS39 (PubMed:25783203). The function in autophagosome-lysosome fusion implicates STX17 but not UVRAG (PubMed:24554770). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle Late endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Lysosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Early endosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome Cytoplasmic vesicle, clathrin-coated vesicle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STXBP/unc-18/SEC1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the cytidylyl group of CTP to sn- glycerol 3-phosphate so the activated glycerol 3-phosphate can be used for teichoic acid synthesis, via incorporation into both the linkage unit and the teichoic acid polymer by TagB and TagF. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Somatostatin inhibits the release of somatotropin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatostatin family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Converts big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M13 family.


FUNCTION: Possesses adenylylsulfatase activity in vitro, releasing AMP and sulfate from adenylyl sulfate. Possesses also adenosine 5'- phosphosulfate (APS) phosphorylase activity in vitro. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of APS, leading to ADP and sulfate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome.


FUNCTION: Component of the SKA1 complex, a microtubule-binding subcomplex of the outer kinetochore that is essential for proper chromosome segregation. The SKA1 complex is a direct component of the kinetochore-microtubule interface and directly associates with microtubules as oligomeric assemblies. The complex facilitates the processive movement of microspheres along a microtubule in a depolymerization-coupled manner. In the complex, it mediates the microtubule-stimulated oligomerization. Affinity for microtubules is synergistically enhanced in the presence of the ndc-80 complex and may allow the ndc-80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=Localizes to the outer kinetochore and spindle microtubules during mitosis in a NDC80 complex-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SKA3 family.


FUNCTION: Chymosin is synthesized in the mucosa of the stomach. The enzyme hydrolyzes casein to paracasein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the prc2/eed-ezh2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-27' of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. May regulate the circadian clock via histone methylation at the promoter of the circadian genes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. EZ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable phosphatase (Probable). Required for cell wall integrity and virulence (PubMed:29233914). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates water stress response. May control in coordination with PUB23 a drought signaling pathway by ubiquitinating cytosolic RPN12a. Acts as negative regulator of the immunity triggered by the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), in association with PUB23 and PUB24. Regulates EXO70B2 ubiquitination and degradation via the 26S proteasome to attenuate PAMP-induced signaling (PubMed:23170036). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: May play a role in maintenance of cell cycle integrity by regulating mitosis or cytokinesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=The subcellular location is regulated during cell cycle. During interphase located in the nucleus. During mitosis located at the centrosome and dispersed in the cytoplasm. During telophase located in the midbody. Colocalizes with PLK1 at the centrosome in M phase.


FUNCTION: Binds preferentially and cooperatively to pyrimidine rich single-stranded DNA (ss-DNA). In vitro, required to maintain the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and plays a crucial role during mtDNA replication by stimulating the activity of the replisome components POLG and TWNK at the replication fork. Promotes the activity of the gamma complex polymerase POLG, largely by organizing the template DNA and eliminating secondary structures to favor ss-DNA conformations that facilitate POLG activity. In addition it is able to promote the 5'-3' unwinding activity of the mtDNA helicase TWNK. May also function in mtDNA repair. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Mitochondrion matrix, mitochondrion nucleoid.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system ArlS/ArlR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Part of the processive rRNA transcription and antitermination complex (rrnTAC). The complex forms an RNA-chaperone ring around the RNA exit tunnel of RNA polymerase (RNAP). It supports rapid transcription and antitermination of rRNA operons, cotranscriptional rRNA folding, and annealing of distal rRNA regions to allow correct ribosome biogenesis. This subunit may play a central role in organizing the structure (PubMed:32871103). Involved in 30S ribosomal subunit biogenesis; thought to be required for loop formation between NusB/NusE (rpsJ, ribosomal protein S10) bound to boxA upstream of the rRNA operons and the elongating RNAP complex. This would promote correct co- transcriptional folding of rRNA. Plays a role in transcription antitermination in a plasmid context in vivo (PubMed:26980831). Required for rrn transcription antitermination; required for integration of NusB/NusE into the antitermination complex (PubMed:31020314). The Nus factor complex (NusA, NusB, NusE (rpsJ), NusG and SuhB) represses expression of suhB and possibly other genes via boxA; the Nus complex prevents or promotes Rho-mediated transcription termination depending on gene context (PubMed:29229908). Involved in post-transcriptional control of gene expression (Probable). Enzymatic activity is not required for complementation of the cold- sensitive phenotype of the dnaB121 mutation (PubMed:10747806) (Probable). FUNCTION: Has D,L-inositol-1-monophosphatase and beta- glycerophosphatase activity, has less to no activity against a number of other substrates (PubMed:8002619). 2.5-fold more active on 1D- inositol-1-monophosphate than L-inositol-1-monophosphate (1D-myo- inositol 3-phosphate). Specific activity increases significantly upon heating. Only beta-glycerophosphate and adenosine 2'-monophosphate are alternative substrates (PubMed:10747806). FUNCTION: Part of the processive rRNA transcription and antitermination complex (rrnTAC). The complex forms an RNA-chaperone ring around the RNA exit tunnel of RNA polymerase (RNAP). It supports rapid transcription and antitermination of rRNA operons, cotranscriptional rRNA folding, and annealing of distal rRNA regions to allow correct ribosome biogenesis. This subunit may play a central role in organizing the structure. IMPase activity is not required for its Nus factor function. FUNCTION: Required for growth at low temperatures (PubMed:2138605, PubMed:6389495, PubMed:1847383, PubMed:8002619, PubMed:8589060, PubMed:17652087, PubMed:26980831). Identified as a suppressor (ssyA3) of a temperature-sensitive, protein export missense mutation of secY (secY24), allows growth at 42 but not 30 degrees Celsius (PubMed:6389495). Identified as a suppressor (suhB2) of an rpoH missense mutation (rpoH15), allowing growth at 37 and 40 but not 25, 30 or 34 degrees Celsius, increases expression of RpoH (PubMed:2138605). Identified as a suppressor of a dnaB helicase missense mutation (dnaB121), restores growth at 42 but not 30 degrees Celsius (PubMed:1847383). In both suhB2 and ssyA3 there is an insertion in the 5' region of the gene which prevents SuhB protein expression (PubMed:8002619, PubMed:8589060). Missense mutant suhB10 is suppressed by mutations in RNase III (rnc), showing genetic interaction between them (PubMed:8589060). Deletion of suhB is suppressed by mutations in RNase III, by a mutation in nusA or deletion of nusB, indicating that in the absence of SuhB the Nus complex inhibits growth (PubMed:26980831). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inositol monophosphatase superfamily.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2B to form H2BK123ub1 in association with the E2 enzyme RAD6/UBC2. H2BK123ub1 gives a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional activation, elongation by RNA polymerase II, telomeric silencing, and is also a prerequisite for H3K4me and H3K79me formation. It thereby plays a central role in histone code and gene regulation. Also modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BRE1 family.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferase that uses acyl-CoAs with 16, 18 and 20 carbons as substrates, preferably in combination with 16:0ol alcohol (PubMed:30729606). Involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the long-chain O- acyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Binds double-stranded DNA tightly but without sequence specificity. It is distributed uniformly and abundantly on the chromosome, suggesting a role in chromatin architecture. However, it does not significantly compact DNA. Binds rRNA and mRNA in vivo. May play a role in maintaining the structural and functional stability of RNA, and, perhaps, ribosomes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone-like Alba family.


FUNCTION: Single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent helicase. Involved in non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA double strand break repair. DNA-binding is sequence-independent but has a high affinity to nicks in double-stranded DNA and to the ends of duplex DNA. Binds to naturally occurring chromosomal ends, and therefore provides chromosomal end protection. Required also for telomere recombination to repair telomeric ends in the absence of telomerase. ku70, of the ku70/ku80 heterodimer, binds to the stem loop of tlc1, the RNA component of telomerase. Involved in telomere maintenance. Interacts with telomeric repeats and subtelomeric sequences thereby controlling telomere length and protecting against subtelomeric rearrangement. Maintains telomeric chromatin, which is involved in silencing the expression of genes located at the telomere. Required for mating-type switching (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, telomere. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ku80 family.


FUNCTION: Required for polyglutamylation of axonemal tubulin. Plays a role in anterograde intraflagellar transport (IFT), the process by which cilia precursors are transported from the base of the cilium to the site of their incorporation at the tip. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, cilium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TTC30/dfy-1/fleer family.


FUNCTION: Is also able to decarboxylate the Parkinson's disease medication levodopa (L-dopa) to dopamine in vitro. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-tyrosine to produce tyramine (PubMed:24211777, PubMed:27292129). Cannot use other aromatic L-amino acids as substrates like L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan and L- glutamate (PubMed:24211777). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family. Tyrosine decarboxylase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for hemin; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. FecCD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Calmodulin acts as part of a calcium signal transduction pathway by mediating the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Calcium-binding is required for the activation of calmodulin. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases, such as myosin light-chain kinases and calmodulin- dependent protein kinase type II (CaMK2), and phosphatases. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calmodulin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RPF2 family.


FUNCTION: Has enzymatic activity against both sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) and dihydro-S1P. Regulates intracellular and extracellular S1P levels (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type 2 lipid phosphate phosphatase family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-TGT[GT][GT]ATT-3'. Required for induction of the goosecoid (GSC) promoter by TGF-beta or activin signaling. Forms a transcriptionally active complex containing FOXH1/SMAD2/SMAD4 on a site on the GSC promoter called TARE (TGF-beta/activin response element). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex. Its ability to bind ubiquitin probably plays a role in endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated cargo proteins by ESCRT complexes. The ESCRT-II complex may also play a role in transcription regulation, possibly via its interaction with ELL. Binds phosphoinosides such as PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Endosome Late endosome Membrane Nucleus Note=Colocalizes with ubiquitinated proteins on late endosomes. Recruited to the endosome membrane to participate in vesicle formation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VPS36 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the 2-beta-hydroxylation of several biologically active gibberellins (GAs), leading to the homeostatic regulation of their endogenous level (PubMed:18952778, PubMed:24475234). Catabolism of GAs plays a central role in plant development (PubMed:18952778, PubMed:24475234). In vitro, converts GA12 and GA53 to the corresponding 2-beta-hydroxylated products GA110 and GA97, respectively (PubMed:18952778). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iron/ascorbate-dependent oxidoreductase family. GA2OX subfamily.


FUNCTION: Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a cytochrome c6-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side.


FUNCTION: NAD-dependent protein deacetylase which modulates the activities of several enzymes which are inactive in their acetylated form. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class U subfamily.


FUNCTION: Master regulator of recycling and plasma membrane expression of PD-L1/CD274, an immune inhibitory ligand critical for immune tolerance to self and antitumor immunity. Associates with both constitutive and IFNG-induced PD-L1/CD274 at recycling endosomes, where it protects PD-L1/CD274 from being targeted for lysosomal degradation, likely by preventing its STUB1-mediated ubiquitination. May stabilize PD-L1/CD274 expression on antigen presenting cells and potentiates inhibitory signaling by PDCD1/CD279, its receptor on T-cells, ultimately triggering T-cell anergy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Early endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Recycling endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Co-localizes with PD-L1/CD274 in the plasma membrane and in recycling endosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chemokine-like factor family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M4 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Converts stearoyl-ACP to oleoyl-ACP by introduction of a cis double bond between carbons 9 and 10 of the acyl chain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast Plastid Note=In green tissue, found in chloroplasts. In non-photosynthetic tissue, found in plastids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 2 family.


FUNCTION: Irreversible conversion of delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), derived either from proline or ornithine, to glutamate. This is a necessary step in the pathway interconnecting the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. The preferred substrate is glutamic gamma- semialdehyde, other substrates include succinic, glutaric and adipic semialdehydes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of serine to tRNA(Ser) in a two-step reaction: serine is first activated by ATP to form Ser-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ser). Is probably also able to aminoacylate tRNA(Sec) with serine, to form the misacylated tRNA L- seryl-tRNA(Sec), which will be further converted into selenocysteinyl- tRNA(Sec). In the nucleus, binds to the VEGFA core promoter and prevents MYC binding and transcriptional activation by MYC. Recruits SIRT2 to the VEGFA promoter, promoting deacetylation of histone H4 at 'Lys-16' (H4K16). Thereby, inhibits the production of VEGFA and sprouting angiogenesis mediated by VEGFA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic, but a minor proportion is also found in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. Type-1 seryl-tRNA synthetase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably plays a role in ribosome assembly or function. May be involved in resolution of branched DNA intermediates that result from template switching in postreplication gaps. Binds DNA and has ATPase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associates with ribosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. Uup subfamily.


FUNCTION: May have a structural role to stabilize the lipid body during desiccation of the seed by preventing coalescence of the oil. Probably interacts with both lipid and phospholipid moieties of lipid bodies. May also provide recognition signals for specific lipase anchorage in lipolysis during seedling growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lipid droplet Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Surface of oil bodies. Oleosins exist at a monolayer lipid/water interface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oleosin family.


FUNCTION: Malate transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aromatic acid exporter (TC 2.A.85) family.


FUNCTION: Effector molecule of the innate immune system that acts via antibiotic-like properties against a broad array of infectious agents including bacteria, fungi, and viruses or by promoting the activation and maturation of some APCs. Interacts with the essential precursor of cell wall synthesis lipid II to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Inhibits adenovirus infection via inhibition of viral disassembly at the vertex region, thereby restricting the release of internal capsid protein pVI, which is required for endosomal membrane penetration during cell entry. In addition, interaction with adenovirus capsid leads to the redirection of viral particles to TLR4 thereby promoting a NLRP3-mediated inflammasome response and interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) release. Induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines including type I interferon (IFN) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) by triggering the degradation of NFKBIA and nuclear translocation of IRF1, both of which are required for activation of pDCs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-defensin family.


FUNCTION: Alcohol acetyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of ethyl acetate from ethanol and acetyl-CoA (PubMed:28356220). Can also function as a thioesterase by hydrolyzing acetyl-CoA in the absence of ethanol, as well as esterase hydrolyzing ethyl acetate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor required for ciliogenesis and islet cell differentiation during endocrine pancreas development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RFX family.


FUNCTION: Might be involved in complement regulation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Chalcone/stilbene synthases family.


FUNCTION: Required for dimerization of active 70S ribosomes into 100S ribosomes in stationary phase; 100S ribosomes are translationally inactive and sometimes present during exponential growth. May not be the only factor implicated (PubMed:22950019). Might negatively regulate the activity of the sigma-54 factor (SigL) (PubMed:9852014). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HPF/YfiA ribosome-associated protein family. Long HPF subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0460 family.


FUNCTION: May function as sodium-coupled metabolite transporter across the chloroplast envelope. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Plastid, chloroplast envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bile acid:sodium symporter (BASS) (TC 2.A.28) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Orphan group VI sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: RNA-free RNase P that catalyzes the removal of the 5'-leader sequence from pre-tRNA to produce the mature 5'-terminus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HARP family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor. Acts in a ventral signaling pathway downstream of bmp4 to antagonize the Spemann organizer and ventrally pattern the embryonic mesoderm. Represses transcription of the dorsal genes gsc and otx2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to alpha-ketoglutarate and ammonia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM124 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase (RNAP) that catalyzes the transcription in the cytoplasm of viral DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm Virion Note=Found in association with viral nucleoid. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the archaeal RpoD/eukaryotic RPB3 RNA polymerase subunit family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the archaeal RpoL/eukaryotic RPB11/RPC19 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Glutenins are high-molecular weight seed storage proteins of wheat endosperm. Thought to be responsible for the visco-elastic property of wheat dough. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gliadin/glutenin family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor which binds preferentially to the canonical E box sequence 5'-CACGCG-3'. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HEY family.


FUNCTION: Histone methyltransferase that specifically trimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 using monomethylated H3 'Lys-9' as substrate. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 (CBX1, CBX3 and/or CBX5) proteins to methylated histones. Mainly functions in heterochromatin regions, thereby playing a central role in the establishment of constitutive heterochromatin at pericentric and telomere regions. H3 'Lys-9' trimethylation is also required to direct DNA methylation at pericentric repeats. SUV39H1 is targeted to histone H3 via its interaction with RB1 and is involved in many processes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere Note=Associates with centromeric constitutive heterochromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. Suvar3-9 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mediates docking of ADAM10 to zonula adherens by interacting with PLEKHA7 which is required for PLEKHA7 to interact with the ADAM10- binding protein TSPAN33. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell junction, adherens junction Cell membrane.


FUNCTION: Serine hydrolase involved in the detoxification of formaldehyde. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic vesicle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the esterase D family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible epimerization of D-ribulose 5- phosphate to D-xylulose 5-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the signal peptidase complex (SPC) which catalyzes the cleavage of N-terminal signal sequences from nascent proteins as they are translocated into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (PubMed:3511473). Dispensable for SPC enzymatic activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPCS1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of dopaminechrome to 5,6- dihydroxyindole in the eumelanin biosynthetic pathway originating from dopamine (PubMed:34388859). Catalyzes tautomerization of dopaminechrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole during eumelanin biosynthesis (PubMed:34388859). Acts both dopaminechrome and N-methyl dopaminechrome but not on dopachrome or other aminochromes tested (PubMed:34388859). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major royal jelly protein family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0285 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac(4)C) at the wobble position of tRNA(Met), by using acetyl-CoA as an acetyl donor and ATP (or GTP). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA cytidine acetyltransferase family. TmcA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the spindle pole body (SPB) required for insertion of the nascent SPB into the nuclear envelope and for the proper execution of spindle pole body (SPB) duplication. Connects the central plaque of the SPB with the half-bridge. Required for proper localization of CDC5 at the SPB and for proper M-phase progression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, spindle pole body Note=Associates with the periphary of the central plaque. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BBP1 family.


FUNCTION: Hydroxylase/desaturase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of aspergillic acid, a hydroxamic acid- containing pyrazinone with aliphatic side chains that originates from leucine (Leu) and isoleucine (Ile) (PubMed:29674152). Aspergillic acid has antibiotic properties and was shown to be lethal to mice (PubMed:29674152). The first step in the pathway is the production of deoxyaspergillic acid via a condensation between the Ile amine and the Leu carboxylic acid, followed by a reductive release from the protein forming the dipeptide aldehyde NH(2)-Leu-Ile-CHO, which could undergo an intermolecular cyclization resulting in a dihydropyrazinone (PubMed:29674152). As the NRPS asaC lacks a condensation domain, it is improbable that it is responsible for condensation of Leu and Ile (PubMed:29674152). One possibility is that asaC acts on a previously condensed dipeptide and functions as a Leu-Ile reductase to yield deoxyaspergillic acid (PubMed:29674152). After asaC forms deoxyaspergillic acid, the cytochrome P450 asaD oxidizes the pyrazinone to the hydroxamic acid-containing bioactive metabolite aspergillic acid (PubMed:29674152). The hydroxylase/desaturase asaB can then convert aspergillic acid to hydroxyaspergillic acid (PubMed:29674152). Both aspergillic acid and hydroxyaspergillic acid can form complexes with iron producing ferriaspergillin analogs (PubMed:29674152). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asaB hydroxylase/desaturase family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-recognition component of a DCX (DDB1-CUL4-X-box) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex of the DesCEND (destruction via C-end degrons) pathway, which recognizes a C-degron located at the extreme C terminus of target proteins, leading to their ubiquitination and degradation. The C-degron recognized by the DesCEND pathway is usually a motif of less than ten residues and can be present in full-length proteins, truncated proteins or proteolytically cleaved forms. The DCX(DCAF12) complex specifically recognizes proteins with a diglutamate (Glu-Glu) at the C-terminus leading to their ubiquitination and degradation. Also directly recognizes the C-terminal glutamate-leucine (Glu-Leu) degron as an alternative degron in proteins leading to their ubiquitination and degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF12 family.


FUNCTION: Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA. Component of several complexes which regulate chromatin metabolism. These include the chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1) complex, which is required for chromatin assembly following DNA replication and DNA repair, and the fertilization independent seed (FIS) complex, a polycomb group protein complex which is required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. Required for several aspects of plant development including normal leaf expansion, correct development of flowers, normal endosperm development, repression of parthenogenetic seed development and repression of floral homeotic genes in leaf tissue. Also required for the recruitment of chromosomal DNA into heterochromatic chromocenters. Also involved in regulation of imprinted genes. Acts together with RBR1 to repress the expression of MET1 during female gametogenesis. This in turn activates expression of the imprinted genes FIS2 and FWA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.


FUNCTION: A type II topoisomerase. Despite its similarity to DNA gyrase, this enzyme is not able to supercoil DNA, and instead acts like topoisomerase IV. Relaxes both positively and negatively supercoiled DNA in an ATP-dependent fashion, decatenates interlocked circles. This the first bacteria shown to not contain DNA gyrase, although it has 2 copies of a reverse gyrase that introduces positive supercoils. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP- dependent manner (PubMed:21076033). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type II topoisomerase GyrA/ParC subunit family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: RNA editing in kinetoplastid mitochondria inserts and deletes uridylates at multiple sites in pre-mRNAs as directed by guide RNAs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA ligase 2 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the carbamoyl group from carbamoyl phosphate to the delta-amino group of N(2)-acetyl-L-ornithine to produce N(2)-acetyl-L-citrulline. This is a step in an alternative arginine biosynthesis pathway. The enzyme has no activity with ornithine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. AOTCase family.


FUNCTION: Component of LSm protein complexes, which are involved in RNA processing and may function in a chaperone-like manner, facilitating the efficient association of RNA processing factors with their substrates. Component of the cytoplasmic LSM1-LSM7 complex, which is thought to be involved in mRNA degradation by activating the decapping step in the 5'-to-3' mRNA decay pathway. Component of the nuclear LSM2- LSM8 complex, which is involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs. LSM2-LSM8 associates with multiple snRNP complexes containing the U6 snRNA (U4/U6 di-snRNP, spliceosomal U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP, and free U6 snRNP). It binds directly to the 3'-terminal U-tract of U6 snRNA and plays a role in the biogenesis and stability of the U6 snRNP and U4/U6 snRNP complexes. LSM2-LSM8 probably also is involved degradation of nuclear pre-mRNA by targeting them for decapping, and in processing of pre-tRNAs, pre-rRNAs and U3 snoRNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snRNP Sm proteins family. SmF/LSm6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single- pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PetN family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits autoprocessing of CASP1, CASP1-dependent IL1B secretion, PYCARD aggregation and PYCARD-mediated apoptosis but not apoptosis induced by FAS or BID (By similarity). Displays anti- inflammatory activity (By similarity). Required for immunity against C.albicans infection (PubMed:23071280). Involved in the innate immune response by contributing to pro-inflammatory cytokine release in response to invasive bacterial infection (By similarity). Contributes to T-cell-mediated inflammatory responses in the skin (PubMed:27221772). Plays a role in protection against periodontitis through its involvement in induction of IL1A via ERK activation in oral epithelial cells infected with periodontal pathogens (By similarity). Exhibits both ATPase and GTPase activities (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Cytoplasmic protein which is recruited to the cell membrane by NOD1 following invasive bacterial infection. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NLRP family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of formaldehyde with tetrahydromethanopterin (H(4)MPT) to 5,10- methylenetetrahydromethanopterin. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible formation of ribulose-5-phosphate and formaldehyde from 3-hexulose-6-phosphate. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the HPS/KGPDC family. HPS subfamily. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the formaldehyde- activating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Serine protease capable of autoactivation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.


FUNCTION: Secreted aspartic endopeptidase that allows assimilation of proteinaceous substrates. The scissile peptide bond is attacked by a nucleophilic water molecule activated by two aspartic residues in the active site. Shows a broad primary substrate specificity. Favors hydrophobic residues at the P1 and P1' positions, but also accepts a lysine residue in the P1 position, leading to the activation of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen A. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Cystine/H(+) symporter that mediates export of cystine, the oxidized dimer of cysteine, from vacuoles/endodomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cystinosin family.


FUNCTION: Does not function as a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase in the presence of glutathione and glutathione reductase (By similarity). Has low thioredoxin activity in vitro (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutaredoxin family.


FUNCTION: Apoprotein for the two 4Fe-4S centers FA and FB of photosystem I (PSI); essential for photochemical activity. FB is the terminal electron acceptor of PSI, donating electrons to ferredoxin. The C-terminus interacts with PsaA/B/D and helps assemble the protein into the PSI complex. Required for binding of PsaD and PsaE to PSI. PSI is a plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, converting photonic excitation into a charge separation, which transfers an electron from the donor P700 chlorophyll pair to the spectroscopically characterized acceptors A0, A1, FX, FA and FB in turn. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of ent-kaurene diterpenoids natural products such as oridonin, miltiradiene, eriocalyxin B and nezukol, known to exhibit antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities (By similarity). Catalyzes the conversion of ent-copalyl diphosphate (ent-CPP) to ent-atiserene (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit (By similarity). FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.


FUNCTION: Pore-forming protein that forms cations-selective hydrophilic pores of around 1 nm and causes cytolysis. Pore formation is a multi- step process that involves specific recognition of membrane sphingomyelin (but neither cholesterol nor phosphatidylcholine) using aromatic rich region and adjacent phosphocholine (POC) binding site, firm binding to the membrane (mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions) accompanied by the transfer of the N-terminal region to the lipid-water interface and finally pore formation after oligomerization of monomers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Nematocyst Target cell membrane Note=Forms an alpha-helical membrane channel in the prey. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actinoporin family. Sea anemone subfamily.


FUNCTION: Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. Can inhibit the activity of ANO1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Shows predominantly an intracellular localization with a weak expression in the cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anoctamin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in resistance to oomycetes (e.g. Aphanomyces euteiches) and to fungi (e.g. Colletotrichum trifolii). FUNCTION: During nodulation, plays a central role in nodule organogenesis (PubMed:22874912). Involved in the perception of Nod factors, the first step of recognition of rhizobia prior to nodulation (PubMed:12753588). Necessary in epidermal cells to induce cortical cell divisions leading to nodule primordia formation (PubMed:22874912). Required during root nodule symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti by triggering infection threads and release of bacteria into the cytoplasm of cells in the infection zone of developing nodules, especially in cells derived from the meristem (PubMed:25351493, PubMed:16844829, PubMed:22087221). Promotes plant fitness (e.g. fruit weight and leaf number) (PubMed:23173081). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Vacuole lumen Note=Removed from the plasma membrane upon the release of rhizobia into the host cytoplasm. Vacuolar localization is observed in cells undergoing breakdown of the receptors. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4- methylpentanoate (3-isopropylmalate) to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2- oxopentanoate. The product decarboxylates to 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. LeuB type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell- cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in proteotoxic stress response and cell cycle; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored-polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Ubiquitin]: Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family.


FUNCTION: Polymerizes D(-)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA to create polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which consists of thousands of hydroxybutyrate molecules linked end to end (PubMed:7957260). This subunit has catalytic activity that is enhanced 100-fold by PhaE, the non-catalytic subunit (PubMed:9888824). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associates with the exterior of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) granules (PHB) when grown under 'storage' conditions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PHA/PHB synthase family. Type III PhaC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Urotensin is found in the teleost caudal neurosecretory system. It has a suggested role in osmoregulation and as a corticotropin-releasing factor. The non-hormonal portion of this precursor may be a urotensin binding protein, urophysin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the urotensin-2 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family.


FUNCTION: Cell membrane polyamine/proton antiporter, involved in the detoxification of excess polyamines in the cytoplasm. Recognizes spermine, but not spermidine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. DHA1 family. Polyamines/proton antiporter (TC 2.A.1.2.16) subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LIX1 family.


FUNCTION: MYB-type transcription factor controlling the production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including floral volatile benzenoids and phenylpropanoids (FVBP), in flowers of fragrant cultivars (e.g. cv. Mitchell and cv. V26) by regulating the expression of ODO1 and EOBI, key regulators of the shikimate pathway, and of several biosynthetic floral scent-related genes including IGS, PAL2 and CFAT (PubMed:21585571, PubMed:20543029, PubMed:23275577). This scent, mostly produced in the evening and night by the petals, attracts the pollinators (e.g. the night-active hawkmoth pollinator Manduca sexta) (PubMed:21585571, PubMed:20543029). Binds to and activates the ODO1 and EOBI promoters via MYB binding sites (MBS) 5'-AAACCTAAT-3' and 5'- CTAACT-3' (PubMed:21585571, PubMed:22499185, PubMed:20543029, PubMed:23275577). Regulates the promoters of IGS1, CFAT and PAL2 (PubMed:20543029). Controls flowers petal opening by modulating a global transcriptomic switch (PubMed:21464473). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Transfers a fatty acid residue from the sn-1 position of a phospholipid to the N-linked hydroxyfatty acid chain on the proximal unit of lipid A or its precursors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipid A palmitoyltransferase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lipid A palmitoyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Cell adhesion molecule involved in the establishment and/or maintenance of cell integrity. Involved in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier in epithelial cells (PubMed:16188940). Plays a role in VAMP3-mediated vesicular transport and recycling of different receptor molecules through its interaction with VAMP3. Plays a role in the regulation of cell shape and movement by modulating the Rho-family GTPase activity through its interaction with ARHGEF25/GEFT. Induces primordial adhesive contact and aggregation of epithelial cells in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Also involved in striated muscle regeneration and repair and in the regulation of cell spreading (By similarity). Important for the maintenance of cardiac function. Plays a regulatory function in heart rate dynamics mediated, at least in part, through cAMP-binding and, probably, by increasing cell surface expression of the potassium channel KCNK2 and enhancing current density (PubMed:26642364). Is also a caveolae-associated protein important for the preservation of caveolae structural and functional integrity as well as for heart protection against ischemia injury. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lateral cell membrane Cell junction, tight junction Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane, sarcolemma Membrane, caveola Note=Colocalizes with VAMP3 at the cell-cell contact in cardiac and skeletal muscle (By similarity). Its movement from the cytoplasm to membrane is an early event occurring concurrently with cell-cell contact. Colocalizes in epithelial cells with OCLN and TJP1 in an apical-lateral position within the z axis. Detected at cell-cell contact but never observed at the free surface of epithelial cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the popeye family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8- phosphate (KDO 8-P) to 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (KDO) and inorganic phosphate in vitro. Also catalyzes the dephosphorylation of phospho- tyrosine in vitro. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KdsC family.


SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the purine/pyrimidine phosphoribosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Part of a sulfur-relay system required for 2-thiolation of 5- methylaminomethyl-2-thiouridine (mnm(5)s(2)U) at tRNA wobble positions. Accepts sulfur from TusA and transfers it in turn to TusE. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DsrE/TusD family.


FUNCTION: Essential for cell viability. TAF9 and TAF9L are involved in transcriptional activation as well as repression of distinct but overlapping sets of genes. May have a role in gene regulation associated with apoptosis. TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex, the TBP-free TAFII complex (TFTC), the PCAF histone acetylase complex and the STAGA transcription coactivator-HAT complex. TFIID or TFTC are essential for the regulation of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TAF9 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the Pelota-HBS1L complex, a complex that recognizes stalled ribosomes and triggers the No-Go Decay (NGD) pathway. In the Pelota-HBS1L complex, PELO recognizes ribosomes stalled at the 3' end of an mRNA and engages stalled ribosomes by destabilizing mRNA in the mRNA channel. Following mRNA extraction from stalled ribosomes by the SKI complex, the Pelota-HBS1L complex promotes recruitment of ABCE1, which drives the disassembly of stalled ribosomes, followed by degradation of damaged mRNAs as part of the NGD pathway. As part of the PINK1-regulated signaling, upon mitochondrial damage is recruited to the ribosome/mRNA-ribonucleoprotein complex associated to mitochondrial outer membrane thereby enabling the recruitment of autophagy receptors and induction of mitophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily.


FUNCTION: Antibacterial peptide that ihibits reference strains of both Gram-negative bacteria (E.coli, E.cloacae, K.pneumoniae, P.aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (S.aureus, S.epidermidis, E.faecalis, Streptococcus group B) with relatively low potencies (MIC=25-200 uM). The peptide shows very low hemolytic activity against human erythrocytes. Wheel projection demonstrates the amphipathicity of the alpha-helices is low which may explain the low antibacterial potency. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Ocellatin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Physiological suppressor of IKK-epsilon and TBK1 that plays an inhibitory role in virus- and TLR3-triggered IRF3. Inhibits TLR3- mediated activation of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) and the IFN-beta promoter. May act by disrupting the interactions of IKBKE or TBK1 with TICAM1/TRIF, IRF3 and RIGI. Does not inhibit NF- kappa-B activation pathways (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SIKE family.


FUNCTION: Stabilizer of the mucous gel overlying the gastrointestinal mucosa that provides a physical barrier against various noxious agents. May inhibit the growth of calcium oxalate crystals in urine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Necessary for early peroxisomal biogenesis. Acts both as a cytosolic chaperone and as an import receptor for peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs). Binds and stabilizes newly synthesized PMPs in the cytoplasm by interacting with their hydrophobic membrane-spanning domains, and targets them to the peroxisome membrane by binding to the integral membrane protein PEX3. Excludes CDKN2A from the nucleus and prevents its interaction with MDM2, which results in active degradation of TP53. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Peroxisome membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Note=Mainly cytoplasmic, some fraction membrane-associated to the outer surface of peroxisomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxin-19 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CISD protein family. CISD2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Has a calcium-dependent calmodulin-binding activity. Required for normal growth at various temperatures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


FUNCTION: Delta-conotoxins bind to site 6 of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and inhibit the inactivation process. This toxin acts on Nav1.2/SCN2A, Nav1.3/SCN3A and Nav1.6/SCN8A (EC(50)=1.7 uM). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin O1 superfamily.


FUNCTION: Endosomal ferrireductase required for efficient transferrin- dependent iron uptake in erythroid cells. Participates in erythroid iron homeostasis by reducing Fe(3+) to Fe(2+). Also mediates reduction of Cu(2+) to Cu(1+), suggesting that it participates in copper homeostasis. Uses NADP(+) as acceptor. Indirectly involved in exosome secretion by facilitating the secretion of proteins such as TCTP (By similarity). May play a role downstream of p53/TP53 to interface apoptosis and cell cycle progression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STEAP family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDE6D/unc-119 family.


FUNCTION: Ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 14 (magi-1) family. 06 (ICK-Trit) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Pathogen-recognition receptor expressed on the surface of immature dendritic cells (DCs) and involved in initiation of primary immune response. Thought to mediate the endocytosis of pathogens which are subsequently degraded in lysosomal compartments. The receptor returns to the cell membrane surface and the pathogen-derived antigens are presented to resting T-cells via MHC class II proteins to initiate the adaptive immune response. Probably recognizes in a calcium- dependent manner high mannose N-linked oligosaccharides in a variety of pathogen antigens (By similarity). FUNCTION: On DCs it is a high affinity receptor for ICAM2 and ICAM3 by binding to mannose-like carbohydrates. May act as a DC rolling receptor that mediates transendothelial migration of DC presursors from blood to tissues by binding endothelial ICAM2. Seems to regulate DC-induced T- cell proliferation by binding to ICAM3 on T-cells in the immunological synapse formed between DC and T-cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Required for sperm flagellum axoneme organization and function (By similarity). Involved in axonemal central pair complex assembly and/or stability (By similarity).


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mycobacterial PPE family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of methylthioribulose-1-phosphate (MTRu-1-P) into 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P). Functions in the methionine salvage pathway, which plays a key role in cancer, apoptosis, microbial proliferation and inflammation. May inhibit the CASP1-related inflammatory response (pyroptosis), the CASP9-dependent apoptotic pathway and the cytochrome c-dependent and APAF1-mediated cell death. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldolase class II family. MtnB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in nuclear export, actin cytoskeleton organization and vesicular transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BCP1 family.


FUNCTION: Does not bind melatonin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic, phenazine, a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic molecule having important roles in virulence, competition and biological control.


FUNCTION: SbcCD cleaves DNA hairpin structures. These structures can inhibit DNA replication and are intermediates in certain DNA recombination reactions. The complex acts as a 3'->5' double strand exonuclease that can open hairpins. It also has a 5' single-strand endonuclease activity (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SbcD family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidative ring opening of 3-hydroxyanthranilate to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde, which spontaneously cyclizes to quinolinate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 3-HAO family.


FUNCTION: Essential tubulin-folding protein involved in the tubulin folding pathway. Not essential for cell viability. Probably involved in the binding of alpha-tubulin in the multimeric supercomplex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TBCE family.


FUNCTION: Possesses phosphatase activity towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate in vitro. FUNCTION: Possesses arsenate reductase activity in vitro. Catalyzes the reduction of arsenate [As(V)] to arsenite [As(III)]. May play a role in arsenic retention in roots.


FUNCTION: Converts glycerol-3-phosphate to 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3- phosphate (lysophosphatidic acid or LPA) by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone (PubMed:18238778). Active against both saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acyl- CoAs (PubMed:18238778). Protects cells against lipotoxicity (PubMed:30846318). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in plant cell wall degradation in cooperation with cellulosome. Hydrolyzes both p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (pNPAp) and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (pNPGp), with higher activity for pNPAp. Shows hydrolysis activity against p-nitrophenyl- beta-D-fucopyranoside (pNPFp), but not against p-nitrophenyl-alpha-L- arabinofuranoside (pNPAf), o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (oNPGp), p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside (pNPXp), p-nitrophenyl- beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPGLp), p-nitrophenyl-beta-D- cellobiopyranoside (pNPCp), p-nitrophenyl-beta-lactopyranoside (pNPLp) or p-nitrophenyl-alpha-galactopyranoside (pNPalphaGp). No detectable activity against arabinan or arabinoxylan, but activity against arabinogalactan can be detected. Increases degradation activity of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (ArfA) and endo-1,4-beta-xylanase (XynA) when corn fiber gum and corn stem powder are used as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 42 family.


FUNCTION: SOCS family proteins form part of a classical negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction. Substrate- recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Inhibits EGF signaling by mediating the degradation of the Tyr-phosphorylated EGF receptor/EGFR (By similarity).


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent metalloendopeptidase that mediates the proteolytic cleavage of covalent DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) during DNA synthesis, thereby playing a key role in maintaining genomic integrity. DPCs are highly toxic DNA lesions that interfere with essential chromatin transactions, such as replication and transcription, and which are induced by reactive agents, such as UV light or formaldehyde. Associates with the DNA replication machinery and specifically removes DPCs during DNA synthesis. Acts as a pleiotropic protease for DNA-binding proteins cross-linked with DNA, such as TOP1, TOP2A, histones H3 and H4 (By similarity). Mediates degradation of DPCs that are not ubiquitinated, while it is not able to degrade ubiquitinated DPCs. SPRTN activation requires polymerase collision with DPCs followed by helicase bypass of DPCs (By similarity). Involved in recruitment of VCP/p97 to sites of DNA damage. Also acts as an activator of CHEK1 during normal DNA replication by mediating proteolytic cleavage of CHEK1, thereby promoting CHEK1 removal from chromatin and subsequent activation. Does not activate CHEK1 in response to DNA damage. May also act as a 'reader' of ubiquitinated PCNA: recruited to sites of UV damage and interacts with ubiquitinated PCNA and RAD18, the E3 ubiquitin ligase that monoubiquitinates PCNA. Facilitates chromatin association of RAD18 and is required for efficient PCNA monoubiquitination, promoting a feed- forward loop to enhance PCNA ubiquitination and translesion DNA synthesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Localizes to sites of UV damage via the PIP-box. Recruited to stalled replication forks at sites of replication stress following deubiquitination. CHEK1 stimulates recruitment to chromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Spartan family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the trans-sulfuration enzymes family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a regulator of flagellar gene expression by modulating the protein level of the anti sigma factor FlgM upon sensing ring completion or hook elongation. Flk could inhibit FlgM secretion by acting as a braking system for the flagellar-associated type III secretion (T3S) system. Plays a role in hindering to flip the flagellar T3S specificity switch from the rod and hook-type substrates to filament-type substrates prior to hook-basal body (HBB) completion possibly by preventing interaction of FliK with FlhB (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flk family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in the osmoprotection via the biosynthesis of trehalose. Catalyzes the transfer of glucose from UDP-alpha-D- glucose (UDP-Glc) to D-glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P) to form trehalose- 6-phosphate. Acts with retention of the anomeric configuration of the UDP-sugar donor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 20 family.


FUNCTION: Non-catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5' and 3' splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3' cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA body (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SEN15 family.


FUNCTION: Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. Required for normal water homeostasis and to prevent excessive water loss through the skin, probably via an indirect effect on the expression levels of other proteins, since CLDN1 itself seems to be dispensable for water barrier formation in keratinocyte tight junctions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, tight junction Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane Note=Associates with CD81 and the CLDN1-CD81 complex localizes to the basolateral cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the claudin family.


FUNCTION: A late-developmental spore coat protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Spore, perispore. Note=Secreted across the membrane to assemble on the spore surface.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes two sequential steps of tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. The first reaction is catalyzed by the isomerase, coded by the TrpF domain; the second reaction is catalyzed by the synthase, coded by the TrpC domain. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the TrpC family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the TrpF family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of 4-deoxy-4-formamido-L-arabinose from UDP to undecaprenyl phosphate. The modified arabinose is attached to lipid A and is required for resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in F pilus assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm.


FUNCTION: [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha]: Anorexigenic peptide. Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes. FUNCTION: [Corticotropin]: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. FUNCTION: [Beta-endorphin]: Endogenous orexigenic opiate. FUNCTION: [Met-enkephalin]: Endogenous opiate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alpha and beta-endorphin are stored in separate granules in hypothalamic POMC neurons, suggesting that secretion may be under the control of different regulatory mechanisms. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the POMC family.


FUNCTION: Glycogen phosphorylase that regulates glycogen mobilization. Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycogen phosphorylase family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that binds to the immunoglobulin enhancer Mu-E5/KE5-motif. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'- CANNTG-3'). Binds to the E-box present in the somatostatin receptor 2 initiator element (SSTR2-INR) to activate transcription (By similarity). Interacts with the CCAAT displacement protein (CDP2) to bind the tyrosine hydroxylase enhancer. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity that can prevent apoptosis and promote cell survival and protein translation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. PIM subfamily.


FUNCTION: Specifically deubiquitinates 'Lys-120' of histone H2A (H2AK119Ub), a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression, thereby acting as a coactivator. Deubiquitination of histone H2A is a prerequisite for subsequent phosphorylation at 'Ser-11' of histone H3 (H3S10ph), and is required for chromosome segregation when cells enter into mitosis. In resting B- and T-lymphocytes, phosphorylation by AURKB leads to enhance its activity, thereby maintaining transcription in resting lymphocytes (PubMed:24034696). Regulates Hox gene expression via histone H2A deubiquitination. Prefers nucleosomal substrates. Does not deubiquitinate histone H2B. Also deubiquitinates non-histone proteins, such as ribosomal protein RPS27A: deubiquitination of monoubiquitinated RPS27A promotes maturation of the 40S ribosomal subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. USP16 subfamily.


FUNCTION: PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Involved in pre-mRNA splicing (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclophilin-type PPIase family. CWC27 subfamily.


FUNCTION: The glycine decarboxylase (GDC) or glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein to the T protein (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GcvH family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the regulation of neuronal activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Nucleus membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Note=Detected in the nucleus membrane of non-neuronal cells and in axonal outgrowths of neuronal cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the macoilin family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the activation the host JNK/p38 pathways necessary for KSHV reactivation from latency and for viral replication. Induces transcriptional activation through host JUN of several ORF50- responsive promoters. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae BBRF1 family.


FUNCTION: This protein is supposed to help spermatozoa undergo functional maturation while they move from the testis to the ductus deferens. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISP family.


FUNCTION: Required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), pexophagy and mitophagy. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-specific autophagic process and is essential for the survival of cells subjected to severe ER stress. Functions in protein retrieval from the endocytic pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sorting nexin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, which is involved in the assembly of the PIC (preinitiation complex) during RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription. The rate of PIC formation probably is primarily dependent on the rate of association of SL1/TIF-IB with the rDNA promoter. SL1/TIF-IB is involved in stabilization of nucleolar transcription factor 1/UBTF on rDNA. Formation of SL1/TIF-IB excludes the association of TBP with TFIID subunits (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Proteolytically removes the C-terminal three residues of farnesylated proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M48A family.


FUNCTION: Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.


FUNCTION: The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in fructose transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose. Catalyzes the 2-epimerisation of 2-epi-5- epivaliolone 7-phosphate to yield 5-epi-valiolone 7-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hyi family.


FUNCTION: Leucine-rich repeat protein that likely mediates protein interactions, possibly in the context of signal transduction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHOC2 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the sequence-specific heterotrimeric transcription factor (NF-Y) which specifically recognizes a 5'-CCAAT-3' box motif found in the promoters of its target genes. NF-Y can function as both an activator and a repressor, depending on its interacting cofactors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NFYB/HAP3 subunit family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that acts redundantly with NAC20 to regulate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of starch and storage proteins in grain. Directly binds to the promoters of starch synthase 1 (SS1), pullulanase (PUL), glutelin A1 (GLUA1), glutelins B4 and B5 (GLUB4 and GLUB5), alpha-globulin and 16 kDa prolamin, and activates their expression (By similarity). Possesses transactivation activity in yeast (PubMed:27872632). FUNCTION: Transcription factor that acts redundantly with NAC20 to regulate the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of starch and storage proteins in grain (PubMed:32989010). Directly binds to the promoters of starch synthase 1 (SS1), pullulanase (PUL), glutelin A1 (GLUA1), glutelins B4 and B5 (GLUB4 and GLUB5), alpha-globulin and 16 kDa prolamin, and activates their expression (PubMed:32989010). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system LytS/LytT that probably regulates genes involved in cell wall metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane during regulated or polarized secretion. Involved in polarized cell growth and organ morphogenesis. During cytokinesis, involved in cell plate initiation, cell plate maturation and formation of new primary cell wall. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Secreted, extracellular exosome Note=Shuttles from the cytoplasm to the exocyst-positive organelle (EXPO) in the presence of EXO70E2. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SEC10 family.


FUNCTION: Shuttles copper to the transport ATPase ccc2. Protects against oxygen toxicity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATX1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase RluA family.


FUNCTION: Myristoyl-binding protein that acts as a cargo adapter: specifically binds the myristoyl moiety of a subset of N-terminally myristoylated proteins and is required for their localization. Binds myristoylated NPHP3 and plays a key role in localization of NPHP3 to the primary cilium membrane. Does not bind all myristoylated proteins. Probably plays a role in trafficking proteins in photoreceptor cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, cilium Note=Enriched at the transition zone and extended into the proximal end of the cilium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDE6D/unc-119 family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab GTPase Rab-11.1 (By similarity). May spatially and temporally regulate the distribution of Rab-11.1 to target membranes during embryogenesis (PubMed:26506309). May play a role in cytokinesis, probably by targeting rab-11.1 to the cleavage furrows (PubMed:26506309). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SH3BP5 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 4-amino-2-methyl-5- hydroxymethylpyrimidine pyrophosphate (HMP-PP) to 4-amino-2-methyl-5- hydroxymethylpyrimidine phosphate (HMP-P), and hydrolysis of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) to thiamine monophosphate (TMP). Can hydrolyze other substrates such as MeO-HMP-PP, CF(3)-HMP-PP and MeO-TPP. Is also a non-specific nucleoside tri- and diphosphatase that releases inorganic orthophosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudJ subfamily.


FUNCTION: 3' to 5' exoribonuclease required for proper 3' end maturation of MRP RNA and of the U5L snRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the REXO1/REXO3 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the condensation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and D-erythrose-4-phosphate (E4P) giving rise to 3-deoxy-D-arabino- heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I DAHP synthase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biogenesis of cilia (By similarity). Required for the recruitment of PLK1 to centrosomes and S phase progression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Cell projection, cilium Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasmic granule Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriolar satellite Note=Localization to centrioles and pericentriolar satellites may be mediated by KIAA0753/OFIP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CEP43 family.


FUNCTION: Component of a complex that acts as a quorum sensing protein regulating discoidin gene expression during growth and development. Its function in the complex is unclear as it has no ability to induce discoidin during growth and development by itself. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Secreted.


FUNCTION: Probable orphan nuclear receptor. Binds to a response element containing repeats of the motif 5'-AGGTCA-3' (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Adds a GMP to the 5'-end of tRNA(His) after transcription and RNase P cleavage. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA(His) guanylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: [Glycoprotein G2]: Forms the virion spikes together with glycoprotein G1 (PubMed:26849049, PubMed:35173332). The glycoprotein spike trimers are connected to the underlying matrix (PubMed:26849049). Class I viral fusion protein that directs fusion of viral and host endosomal membranes, leading to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. Membrane fusion is mediated by irreversible conformational changes induced by acidification (PubMed:31004664). FUNCTION: [Stable signal peptide]: Functions as a cleaved signal peptide that is retained as the third component of the GP complex (GP- C) (PubMed:35173332). Helps to stabilize the spike complex in its native conformation (PubMed:35173332). The SSP is required for efficient glycoprotein expression, post-translational maturation cleavage of G1 and G2, glycoprotein transport to the cell surface plasma membrane, formation of infectious virus particles, and acid pH- dependent glycoprotein-mediated cell fusion (PubMed:14555961). FUNCTION: [Glycoprotein G1]: Forms the virion spikes together with glycoprotein G2 (PubMed:26849049, PubMed:35173332). The glycoprotein spike trimers are connected to the underlying matrix (PubMed:26849049). Interacts with the host receptor. Mediates virus attachment to the host primary receptor alpha-dystroglycan DAG1 (alpha-DG) at the cell surface (PubMed:11967329, PubMed:27147735). This attachment induces virion internalization apparently through macropinocytosis (Probable) (PubMed:27147735). Following endocytosis, there is a pH-dependent switch from binding DAG1 to the host lysosomal receptor LAMP1 (PubMed:24970085, PubMed:27605678, PubMed:28448640). This latter binding triggers the dissociation of GP1, exposing the fusion subunit, GP2, such that fusion can occur (PubMed:24970085). Down-modulates host DAG1 (PubMed:17761532). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Glycoprotein G1]: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Stable signal peptide]: Virion membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Glycoprotein G2]: Virion membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Binding to the stable signal peptide masks endogenous ER localization signals in the cytoplasmic domain of G2 to ensure that only the fully assembled, tripartite GP complex is transported for virion assembly. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the arenaviridae GPC protein family.


FUNCTION: Voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons. The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient (PubMed:10482766, PubMed:14679187). Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNC2, and possibly other family members as well (PubMed:10482766, PubMed:14679187). Contributes to fire sustained trains of very brief action potentials at high frequency in pallidal neurons (PubMed:10482766). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell projection, axon Presynaptic cell membrane Note=Localizes in parallel fiber membranes, distributed on the perisynaptic and extrasynaptic membranes away from the active zones. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the potassium channel family. C (Shaw) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv3.1/KCNC1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane Note=Matrix and cytoplasmic side of the mitochondrial inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 24 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Allows the formation of correctly charged Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Glu-tRNA(Gln) in chloroplasts and mitochondria. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated gamma-phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Plastid, chloroplast stroma. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amidase family. GatA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Possesses E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity in vitro. Possesses transactivation activity in yeast cells. May modulate abiotic stress responses by negatively regulating antioxidant enzymes-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) removal. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Localizes predominantly in nucleus.