FUNCTION: Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays a role in many biological processes including regulation of cell growth and survival, cell adhesion, integrin-mediated signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling, cell motility, immune response and axon guidance. Inactive FYN is phosphorylated on its C-terminal tail within the catalytic domain. Following activation by PKA, the protein subsequently associates with PTK2/FAK1, allowing PTK2/FAK1 phosphorylation, activation and targeting to focal adhesions. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and motility through phosphorylation of CTNNB1 (beta- catenin) and CTNND1 (delta-catenin). Regulates cytoskeletal remodeling by phosphorylating several proteins including the actin regulator WAS and the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and MAPT. Promotes cell survival by phosphorylating AGAP2/PIKE-A and preventing its apoptotic cleavage. Participates in signal transduction pathways that regulate the integrity of the glomerular slit diaphragm (an essential part of the glomerular filter of the kidney) by phosphorylating several slit diaphragm components including NPHS1, KIRREL1 and TRPC6. Plays a role in neural processes by phosphorylating DPYSL2, a multifunctional adapter protein within the central nervous system, ARHGAP32, a regulator for Rho family GTPases implicated in various neural functions, and SNCA, a small pre-synaptic protein. Participates in the downstream signaling pathways that lead to T-cell differentiation and proliferation following T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 in response to T-cell receptor activation. Also participates in negative feedback regulation of TCR signaling through phosphorylation of PAG1, thereby promoting interaction between PAG1 and CSK and recruitment of CSK to lipid rafts. CSK maintains LCK and FYN in an inactive form. Promotes CD28-induced phosphorylation of VAV1. In mast cells, phosphorylates CLNK after activation of immunoglobulin epsilon receptor signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell membrane Perikaryon Note=Present and active in lipid rafts (By similarity). Palmitoylation is crucial for proper trafficking (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. SRC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Serine protease inhibitor that inhibits trypsin. FUNCTION: Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits activated protein C (APC) with an IC(50) of 3.5 nM in the presence of heparin (to which it strongly binds) and an IC(50) of 88.9 nM in its absence. Other targets are also significantly inhibited in presence of heparin: trypsin (PRSS1) (45%), coagulation FXIa (F11) (40%), and plasmin (PLG) (70%). In vivo, synergizes with RVV-X in promoting coagulation in mice and by extension in Russell's viper bite patients. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom Kunitz-type family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic orthophosphate from phytate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family.


FUNCTION: Transfers electrons from cytochrome c551 to cytochrome oxidase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm.


FUNCTION: Receptor for a C-C type chemokine. Binds to MIP-1-alpha, RANTES, MCP-3 and, less efficiently, to MIP-1-beta or MCP-1 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. Responsible for affecting stem cell proliferation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the morphogenesis of retina outer segment disks and the development and maintenance of the retina ultrastructure. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PRPH2/ROM1 family.


FUNCTION: Reductive condensation of pyruvate and arginine, lysine, histidine, or octopine to form octopine, lysopine, histopine, or octopinic acid, respectively. NADPH is the preferred cofactor, but NADH can also be used. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lysopine/nopaline/octopine/opine/vitopine dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: Damages membranes of susceptible bacteria. Has no hemolytic activity. Not toxic to mice. Does not inhibit the proteinases elastase and cathepsin G. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom waprin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCA family. CPR flippase (TC 3.A.1.211) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Intracellular catabolism of sucrose (PubMed:2971020). Being intracellular, probably not involved in synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family. Sucrose phosphorylase subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the varicellovirus ORF0 protein family.


FUNCTION: A major RuBisCO chaperone. Acts after GroEL-GroES chaperonin to fold and/or assemble the large subunit of RuBisCO (ccbL, rbcL). Cooperates with RbcX in RbcL folding, plays the major role in assembly of dimers into RbcL(8)-Raf1(8) intermediate complexes. RbcS replaces Raf1, leading to holoenzyme formation. FUNCTION: It has been suggested that Raf1 and RbcX are partially functionally redundant (Probable). Other evidence suggests they are antagonistic in mediating RuBisCO assembly (PubMed:32636267). FUNCTION: The Raf1 dimer brackets an RbcL dimer, leading to RbcL(8)- Raf1(8) complex formation. RbcS displaces Raf1, resulting in holoenzyme formation (PubMed:26237510, PubMed:32636267). Probably plays a role in early carboxysome assembly; in its absence CcaA, CcmM, CcmN, RbcL and RbcS colocalize in small patches while the shell proteins CcmK2, CcmK3 and CcmK4 are found diffused in the cytoplasm (PubMed:32636267). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RAF family.


FUNCTION: May be a allosteric regulator of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Inhibits catalytic activity of the PP2A(D) core complex in vitro. The PP2A(C):TIPRL complex does not show phosphatase activity. Acts as negative regulator of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 probably by inhibiting the formation of the active PPP4C:PPP4R2 complex; the function is proposed to implicate it in DNA damage response by promoting H2AX phosphorylated on Ser-140 (gamma- H2AX). May play a role in the regulation of ATM/ATR signaling pathway controlling DNA replication and repair (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TIP41 family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator acting as an intermediary between major regulators SarA and agr and virulence genes. Represses alpha- hemolysin (hla) gene expression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SarA family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal Rpo10/eukaryotic RPB10 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: [Bombinin H-BO1]: Has no antimicrobial activity at concentrations up to 161 uM. Has moderate hemolytic activity towards human erythrocytes at a concentration of 40.3 uM. FUNCTION: [Bombinin-BO1]: Has antimicrobial activity against Gram- negative bacterium E.coli (MIC=26.3 uM), Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus (MIC=26.3 uM) and yeast C.albicans (MIC=52.5 uM). Has moderate hemolytic activity towards human erythrocytes at a concentration of 52.2 uM. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bombinin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in mercuric ion uptake and binding. MerC-mediated Hg(2+) uptake does not require MerP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in growth and, with Dicer, also involved in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational repression. The RNA interference pathway is implicated in antigenic variation having a role in regulation of variant-specific surface protein (VSP)-coding gene expression. Several VSP genes are transcribed but only transcripts encoding the VSP to be expressed accumulate. Antisense RNAs corresponding to the silenced VSP genes are detected. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily.


FUNCTION: Molecular calcium-binding chaperone promoting folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the ER via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin may interact transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Required for elongation factor Tu receptor (EFR) accumulation and for EFR, but not flagellin-sensing 2 (FLS2) signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calreticulin family.


FUNCTION: Part of an ATP-driven transport system TM_0123/TM_0124/TM_0125 for a metal. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: Non-functional DHOase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. PyrC' subfamily.


FUNCTION: Antiporter that exports dicarboxylate intermediates of the Krebs cycle in exchange for phosphate plus a proton across the inner membrane of mitochondria, a process driven by mitochondrial motive force with an overall impact on glycolysis, glutaminolysis and glutathione-dependent redox balance. Continuous export of oxaloacetate and related four-carbon dicarboxylates from mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol negatively regulates the oxidation of acetyl-CoA substrates via the Krebs cycle lowering the ATP/ADP ratio and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (By similarity). Proton transporter activity is debated, but if it occurs it may mediate inducible proton re-entry into the mitochondrial matrix affecting ATP turnover as a protection mechanism against oxidative stress. Proton re-entry may be coupled to metabolite transport to allow for proton flux switching and optimal ATP turnover (By similarity). Regulates the use of glucose as a source of energy. Required for glucose-induced DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission and neuron activation in the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (VMH). This mitochondrial adaptation mechanism modulates the VMH pool of glucose-excited neurons with an impact on systemic glucose homeostasis. Regulates ROS levels and metabolic reprogramming of macrophages during the resolution phase of inflammation. Attenuates ROS production in response to IL33 to preserve the integrity of the Krebs cycle required for persistent production of itaconate and subsequent GATA3-dependent differentiation of inflammation-resolving alternatively activated macrophages (By similarity). Can unidirectionally transport anions including L-malate, L-aspartate and phosphate (By similarity). Does not mediate adaptive thermogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Redox sensor protein. Undergoes restructuring and subcellular redistribution in response to changes in intracellular NADPH/NADP(+) levels. At low NADPH concentrations the protein is found mainly as a monomer, and binds argininosuccinate synthase (ASS1), the enzyme involved in nitric oxide synthesis. Association with ASS1 impairs its activity and reduces the production of nitric oxide, which subsecuently prevents apoptosis. Under normal NADPH concentrations, the protein is found as a dimer and hides the binding site for ASS1. The homodimer binds one molecule of NADPH. Has higher affinity for NADPH than for NADP(+). Binding to NADPH is necessary to form a stable dimer (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. Nucleus. Note=Under normal redox growth conditions localizes in the cytoplasm and perinuclear region. Nuclear localization is promoted by increased intracellular nitric oxide and reduced NADPH/NADP(+) ratios (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NmrA-type oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Regulator of pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factors (BPXs) function. Inhibits the binding of PBX1-HOX complex to DNA and blocks the transcriptional activity of E2A-PBX1. Tethers estrogen receptor- alpha (ESR1) to microtubules and allows them to influence estrogen receptors-alpha signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytosol. Mainly localized in the cytoplasm, associated with microtubules. Detected in small amounts in the nucleus.


FUNCTION: Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90 and is required for proper folding of the myosin motor domain.


FUNCTION: Ran GTPase system comprises ran-1, ran-2 and ran-3 and is essential in nucleocytoplasmic transport. Ran-1 is a GTP-binding protein that mediates the interaction between mitotic chromosomes and kinetochore microtubules. Plays a crucial role in nuclear envelope assembly at the end of each cell division. Required for the import of protein into the nucleus and also for RNA export. RCC1 (ran-3)/Ran (ran-1) complex (together with other proteins) acts as a component of a signal transmission pathway that detects unreplicated DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Chromosome Note=At interphase, ran-1 is localized to the nucleus and the nuclear envelope. At prometaphase, ran-1 is still localized to the nuclear envelope. When the nuclear envelope begins to disassemble at M phase (early metaphase), ran-1 is localized throughout the entire cell. At late metaphase, ran-1 localizes to the kinetochore regions, this persists until anaphase. At telophase, ran-1 is localized around the decondensing chromosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ran family.


FUNCTION: FAD-binding monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of loline alkaloids, potent insecticidal agents composed of a pyrrolizidine ring system and an uncommon ether bridge linking carbons 2 and 7 (PubMed:15654104). Lolines are structurally differentiated by the various modifications of the L-amino group and include norloline, loline, N-methylloline, N-acetylloline, N- acetylnorloline, and N-formylloline (PubMed:15861432, PubMed:25531527). The first committed step is the condensation of O-acetyl-L-homoserine (derived from L-aspartic acid) and L-proline, probably catalyzed by the gamma-type pyridoxal 5'-phosphate(PLP)-dependent enzyme lolC, to give the diamino diacid, NACPP (PubMed:15861432, PubMed:16755627). Ensuing cyclization, decarboxylation, and acetylation steps yield 1-exo- acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP)(PubMed:24374065). LolO is required for installation of the ether bridge upon the pathway intermediate, 1-exo- acetamidopyrrolizidine (AcAP) (PubMed:29537853). In sequential 2- oxoglutarate- and O(2)-consuming steps, lolO removes hydrogens from C2 and C7 of AcAP to form both carbon-oxygen bonds in N-acetylnorloline (NANL), the precursor to all other lolines (PubMed:24374065, PubMed:29537853). The enzymes lolD, lolE, lolF and lolT have also been proposed to be involved in the ether-bridge installation (PubMed:15654104). Further processing of the exocyclic moiety of NANL by fungal N-acetamidase (LolN), methyltransferase (LolM), and cytochrome P450 (LolP) enzymes, with occasional involvement of a plant acetyltransferase, generates the other known lolines (PubMed:25531527, PubMed:18655839). LolN transforms NANL to norlonine which is monomethylated and dimethylated to respectively lonine and N- methyllonine (NML) by lolM (PubMed:25531527). LolP catalyzes hydroxylation of the methyl group in N-methylloline (NML) and further oxygenation to N-formylloline (NFL) (PubMed:18655839). A plant acetyltransferase is responsible for the acetylation of loline to form N-acetylloline (NAL) (PubMed:25531527). LolA might interact with aspartate kinase to prevent feedback inhibition of its activity by these end products and thereby promote production of l-homoserine from l-aspartate (PubMed:15654104). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAD-binding monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Lactone-forming carboxylesterases, specifically catalyzing intramolecular transesterification, but not hydrolysis. Involved in the biosynthesis of tulipalins, defensive chemicals that show antimicrobial activities against a broad range of strains of bacteria and fungi. Substrates are 6-tuliposide A > 6-tuliposide B. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, amyloplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily.


FUNCTION: Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Has also been shown to be calcium-selective. May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion (By similarity). Mediates calcium-dependent phosphatidylserine externalization and apoptosis in neurons via its association with PLSCR1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC5 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Strongly inhibits trypsin and plasma enzyme(s) activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family.


FUNCTION: May activate the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum Lipid droplet. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0729 family.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in mitochondrial ribosome biogenesis. As a component of a functional protein-RNA module, consisting of RCC1L, NGRN, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, FASTKD2 and 16S mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S mt-rRNA), controls 16S mt-rRNA abundance and is required for intra-mitochondrial translation of core subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Secreted Mitochondrion membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neugrin family.


FUNCTION: During fertilization, required on male gametes for their fusion with female gametes, and for subsequent ookinete formation in the host (PubMed:18403203, PubMed:18367645, PubMed:21209845, PubMed:29212032). Thereby, required for mosquito-mediated transmission to other animals (PubMed:18403203, PubMed:18367645, PubMed:29212032). Probably initiates the fusion of gamete cell membranes by inserting part of its extracellular domain into the cell membrane of a female gamete (PubMed:20080406). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAP2/GCS1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C78 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM131 family.


FUNCTION: Putative taste receptor which may play a role in the perception of bitterness. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for dopamine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Delta(14)-sterol reductase; part of the third module of ergosterol biosynthesis pathway that includes the late steps of the pathway (PubMed:33475797). Catalyzes the reduction of the C14=C15 double bond within 4,4,24-trimethyl ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trienolto produce 4,4-dimethylfecosterol (PubMed:33475797). The third module or late pathway involves the ergosterol synthesis itself through consecutive reactions that mainly occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Firstly, the squalene synthase erg9 catalyzes the condensation of 2 farnesyl pyrophosphate moieties to form squalene, which is the precursor of all steroids. Squalene synthase is crucial for balancing the incorporation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into sterol and nonsterol isoprene synthesis. Secondly, squalene is converted into lanosterol by the consecutive action of the squalene epoxidase erg1 and the lanosterol synthase erg7. Then, the delta(24)- sterol C-methyltransferase erg6 methylates lanosterol at C-24 to produce eburicol. Eburicol is the substrate of the sterol 14-alpha demethylase encoded by cyp51A and cyp51B, to yield 4,4,24-trimethyl ergosta-8,14,24(28)-trienol. The C-14 reductase erg24 then reduces the C14=C15 double bond which leads to 4,4-dimethylfecosterol. A sequence of further demethylations at C-4, involving the C-4 demethylation complex containing the C-4 methylsterol oxidases erg25A or erg25B, the sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase erg26 and the 3-keto-steroid reductase erg27, leads to the production of fecosterol via 4- methylfecosterol. The C-8 sterol isomerase erg2 then catalyzes the reaction which results in unsaturation at C-7 in the B ring of sterols and thus converts fecosterol to episterol. The sterol-C5-desaturase erg3B then catalyzes the introduction of a C-5 double bond in the B ring to produce 5-dehydroepisterol. The 2 other sterol-C5-desaturases, erg3A and erg3C, seem to be less important in ergosterol biosynthesis. The C-22 sterol desaturase erg5 further converts 5-dehydroepisterol into ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)-tetraen-3beta-ol by forming the C-22(23) double bond in the sterol side chain. Finally, ergosta-5,7,22,24(28)- tetraen-3beta-ol is substrate of the C-24(28) sterol reductases erg4A and erg4B to produce ergosterol. Possible alternative sterol biosynthetic pathways might exist from fecosterol to ergosterol, depending on the activities of the erg3 isoforms (PubMed:16110826, PubMed:18191972) (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ERG4/ERG24 family.


FUNCTION: Beta-glucosidases are one of a number of cellulolytic enzymes involved in the degradation of cellulosic biomass. Catalyzes the last step releasing glucose from the inhibitory cellobiose (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Note=Covalently-linked to the cell wall. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 17 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of 5,6-dihydrouridine (D), a modified base found in the D-loop of most tRNAs, via the reduction of the C5-C6 double bond in target uridines. Specifically modifies U20 and U20a in tRNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Dus family. DusA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Functions as both a transcriptional activator and repressor of multiple genes encoding virulence factors as well as genes involved in environmental adaptation (PubMed:16352829, PubMed:26549743, PubMed:22511872). Plays a role in alginate production via the activation of AlgD which is the first gene in the alginate biosynthetic operon (PubMed:16352829, PubMed:10476040). Regulates also the transcription of genes responsible for type IV pili localization and twitching motility (PubMed:16352829). Mediates transition of P.aeruginosa biofilm infections from colonizing to chronic biofilms through repression of the psl operon (PubMed:23354748). Represses also its own transcription by binding to two sites on amrZ promoter, amrZ1 and amrZ2 (PubMed:15968052).


FUNCTION: Component of the monoterpenoid pyrethrins biosynthesis; pyrethrins are widely used plant-derived pesticide (PubMed:30468448). Catalyzes the condensation of two molecules of dimethylallyl diphosphate to produce chrysanthemyl diphosphate (CPP), a monoterpene with a non-head-to-tail or irregular c1'-2-3 linkage between isoprenoid units (PubMed:11287653, PubMed:25378387). In a second step, hydrolyzes the diphosphate moiety of CPP to form chrysanthemol (PubMed:25378387). With a lower efficiency, can also converts dimethylallyl diphosphate into lavandulyl diphosphate (LPP), and subsequently LPP into lavandulol (PubMed:25378387). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FPP/GGPP synthase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the production of GABA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cytoplasmic vesicle Presynaptic cell membrane; Lipid- anchor Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Associated to cytoplasmic vesicles. In neurons, cytosolic leaflet of Golgi membranes and presynaptic clusters (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the metabolic adaptation in response to environmental changes. Catalyzes the reversible formation of succinate and glyoxylate from isocitrate, a key step of the glyoxylate cycle, which operates as an anaplerotic route for replenishing the tricarboxylic acid cycle during growth on fatty acid substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the isocitrate lyase/PEP mutase superfamily. Isocitrate lyase family.


FUNCTION: Peptidoglycan endopeptidase that cleaves the bond between D- glutamate and meso-diaminopimelate. Binds and degrades high-molecular weight peptidoglycan. Required for normal separation of daughter cells after cell division and for cell wall integrity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Localizes to the septa. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C40 family.


FUNCTION: Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Synapse. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPase family.


FUNCTION: Mediates down-regulation of protein synthesis in response to stress conditions by the phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eIF-2 (tif211) on 'Ser-52'. Protein synthesis is inhibited at the level of initiation. Activity is inhibited in the presence of heme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GCN2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probable adapter protein that provides a critical link between cell surface epidermal growth factor receptor and the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GAREM family.


FUNCTION: Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma Note=Targeted to the chloroplast via a protein-targeting pathway that uses the secretory system. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-class carbonic anhydrase family.


FUNCTION: Polynucleotide 5'-kinase involved in rRNA processing. The kinase activity is required for the processing of the 32S precursor into 5.8S and 28S rRNAs, more specifically for the generation of the major 5.8S(S) form. In vitro, has both DNA and RNA 5'-kinase activities. Probably binds RNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Colocalizes with pre-60S rRNP particles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Clp1 family. NOL9/GRC3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS15 family.


FUNCTION: [Viral epidermal growth factor]: Stimulates cellular proliferation (hyperplasia)and mobility around infected cells to promote rapid and efficient spread of infection. This effect is beneficial for virus replication in vivo, because poxviruses replicate possibly better in proliferating cells than in quiescent cells. Acts by binding host EGFR, inducing its dimerization, autophosphorylation and leading to activation of several cellular pathways regulating cell proliferation or cell survival. The activation by host EGFR of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) and extracellular-signal regulated kinases (ERK) are essential for the positive effect of vaccinia growth factor on poxvirus virulence in vivo. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Pro-Viral epidermal growth factor]: Host membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Viral epidermal growth factor]: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG019 family.


FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Participates in the formation of novel hepoxilin regioisomers. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the translocation of tetra- and pentapeptides across the cellular membrane in an energy-dependent manner. May also transport cadmium complexes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oligopeptide OPT transporter (TC 2.A.67.1) family.


FUNCTION: May contribute to the regulation of translation during cell- cycle progression. May contribute to the regulation of cell proliferation (By similarity). The membrane form is involved in sterol- regulated ubiquitination and degradation of HMG-CoA reductase HMGCR. May be involved in centrosome assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.


FUNCTION: Shows cytotoxic activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) model in mice. Also shows effect on apoptotic features such as nuclear fragmentation, caspase activity, pro- and anti-apoptotic protein levels on treated EAC cells. Increased levels of antioxidant enzymes and cytokine levels observed in toxin-treated EAC mice. Cardiotoxic towards guinea pig auricle. Has no cytotoxicity towards macrophages in vivo in EAC bearing mice or in vitro in normal human lymphocytes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Type IA cytotoxin sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of clpC, clpB and clpP transcription by binding directly and specifically to their promoter region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CtsR family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutamate--cysteine ligase type 3 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of 2-phosphoglycolate (By similarity). Has phosphatase activity towards p-nitrophenylphosphate (in vitro). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal SPP-like hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: May function as iron donor in the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters. FUNCTION: May function as iron donor in the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IscX family.


FUNCTION: Implicated in development of the cochlea. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SOBP family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the control of mitochondrial and peroxisomal division and morphology. In association with PEX11C, PEX11D, PEX11E and FIS1B, is involved in cell cycle-associated constitutive self- replication of preexisting peroxisomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family.


FUNCTION: May monitor slit diaphragm protein assembly, a specialized adherens junction characteristic of podocytes. In case of podocyte injury, it shuttles into the nucleus and acts as a transcription regulator. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional corepressor for snai1 and snai2/slug and plays a role in regulating neural crest development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell junction, adherens junction Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zyxin/ajuba family.


FUNCTION: Collagen-like protein specifically expressed in the inner ear, which provides an organic scaffold for otoconia, a calcium carbonate structure in the saccule and utricle of the ear. Acts as a scaffold for biomineralization: sequesters calcium and forms interconnecting fibrils between otoconia that are incorporated into the calcium crystal structure. Together with OC90, modulates calcite crystal morphology and growth kinetics. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix Note=Localized in both the surrounding otoconial matrix and otoconia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OTOL1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of squalene to (S)- 2,3-epoxysqualene, and is considered to be a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid biosynthesis. Can produce not only oxidosqualene, but also 2,3:22,23-dioxidosqualene. Main squalene epoxidase in the root. Sqe1 mutants may show defects in membrane lipid rafts, impairing the correct localization of RHD2 NADPH oxidase and the proper polarized production of ROS. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the squalene monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2) (PubMed:1448173). ICAM3 is also a ligand for integrin alpha-D/beta-2. In association with integrin alpha- L/beta-2, contributes to apoptotic neutrophil phagocytosis by macrophages (PubMed:23775590). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ICAM family.


FUNCTION: Component of the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex-1 (BLOC-1) involved in endosomal cargo sorting. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BLI1 family.


FUNCTION: Increases the transcriptional activity of NFKB1 by facilitating its nuclear translocation, DNA-binding and associated apoptotic response, when overexpressed. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=When overexpressed, localizes in the nucleus and perinuclear regions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VOPP1/ECOP family.


FUNCTION: Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or MAPK3/ERK1. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of STAT family members STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5. KITLG/SCF and KIT promote activation of PLCG1, leading to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. KITLG/SCF acts synergistically with other cytokines, probably interleukins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cell membrane; Single- pass type I membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Soluble KIT ligand]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection, lamellipodium Cell projection, filopodium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SCF family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MtfA family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of sporulation (PubMed:10629174). Acts as a phosphatase that specifically dephosphorylates the sporulation initiation phosphotransferase Spo0F and inhibits its activity (PubMed:10629174). Probably plays a dispensable role in the overall context of sporulation initiation (PubMed:10629174). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Rap family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Able to recognize and bind complex-type oligosaccharides.


FUNCTION: Odorant receptor which plays a critical role in the anthropophilic host-seeking behavior; establishes the host preference to transmit malaria. May participate in the phenomenon of decreased host-seeking behavior in disease vector mosquitoes after blood feeding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Heteromeric odorant receptor channel (TC 1.A.69) family. Or2a subfamily.


FUNCTION: Ribosome-binding protein that acts as an inhibitor of mRNA translation by promoting ribosome inactivation (PubMed:30355441). Associates with the P- and E-sites of the ribosome and inserts a C- terminal helix into the mRNA exit channel to preclude translation (PubMed:30355441). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IFRD family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in cell-cell recognition and in neuronal membrane signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SEZ6 family.


FUNCTION: May have a role in promoting tumor progression. May block the TGFB1-enhanced cell growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Lysosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 56 family.


FUNCTION: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium S.lutea (MIC=1.9 uM). Lacks antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria L.monocytogenes and M.luteus, and the Gram- negative bacteria E.coli D31, E.coli ATCC 25922, and S.typhimurium. Has antifungal activity against A.niger (MIC=2.9 uM), C.albicans (MIC=2.9 uM), C.fructus (MIC=2.9 uM), C.wickerhamii (MIC=2.9 uM), P.pastoris (MIC=2.9 uM), P.stiptis (MIC=2.9 uM), P.tannophilus (MIC=2.9 uM), T.harzianum (MIC=2.9 uM), and Z.marxianus (MIC=2.9 uM), but lacks antifungal activity against C.albidus, F.oxysporum, and S.cerevisiae. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the invertebrate defensin family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May play a role in sucrose partitioning during seed development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Secreted, cell wall Note=Associated to the cell wall. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 32 family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in mitochondrial and peroxisomal fission. Promotes the recruitment and association of the fission mediator dynamin-related protein 1 (DNM1L) to the mitochondrial surface (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Peroxisome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tango11 family.


FUNCTION: Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) (PubMed:26669264). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm (By similarity). Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di- GMP (c-di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol (By similarity). Upon binding of c-di-GMP or cGAMP, STING1 oligomerizes, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum and is phosphorylated by TBK1 on the pLxIS motif, leading to recruitment and subsequent activation of the transcription factor IRF3 to induce expression of type I interferon and exert a potent anti-viral state (PubMed:26669264). In addition to promote the production of type I interferons, plays a direct role in autophagy (By similarity). Following cGAMP-binding, STING1 buds from the endoplasmic reticulum into COPII vesicles, which then form the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) (By similarity). The ERGIC serves as the membrane source for WIPI2 recruitment and LC3 lipidation, leading to formation of autophagosomes that target cytosolic DNA or DNA viruses for degradation by the lysosome (By similarity). The autophagy- and interferon-inducing activities can be uncoupled and autophagy induction is independent of TBK1 phosphorylation (By similarity). Autophagy is also triggered upon infection by bacteria: following c-di-GMP-binding, which is produced by live Gram-positive bacteria, promotes reticulophagy (By similarity). Exhibits 2',3' phosphodiester linkage- specific ligand recognition: can bind both 2'-3' linked cGAMP (2'-3'- cGAMP) and 3'-3' linked cGAMP but is preferentially activated by 2'-3' linked cGAMP (PubMed:26669264). The preference for 2'-3'-cGAMP, compared to other linkage isomers is probably due to the ligand itself, whichs adopts an organized free-ligand conformation that resembles the STING1-bound conformation and pays low energy costs in changing into the active conformation (By similarity). May be involved in translocon function, the translocon possibly being able to influence the induction of type I interferons (By similarity). May be involved in transduction of apoptotic signals via its association with the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=In response to double-stranded DNA stimulation, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum through the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment and Golgi to post- Golgi vesicles, where the kinase TBK1 is recruited. Upon cGAMP-binding, translocates to the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) in a process that is dependent on COPII vesicles; STING1-containing ERGIC serves as a membrane source for LC3 lipidation, which is a key step in autophagosome biogenesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STING family.


FUNCTION: Probably part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system y4tEFGH for an amino acid. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. HisMQ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Induces host cell lysis. Inhibits host MurA activity thereby blocking the synthesis of murein precursors necessary for the host cell wall biosynthesis. May be responsible for the attachment to the host pilus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=A single copy of the maturation protein is present in the virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Leviviricetes maturation protein family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-specific adapter of BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for efficient chromosome alignment and cytokinesis. The BCR(KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates localization of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) from chromosomes to the spindle midzone in anaphase and mediates the ubiquitination of AURKB. Ubiquitination of AURKB by BCR(KLHL21) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex may not lead to its degradation by the proteasome (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Localizes to the spindle midzone and targets CUL3 to this region.


FUNCTION: May function in protein folding and assembly, and disassembly of protein complexes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the heat shock protein 70 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family.


FUNCTION: Putative adhesion protein. May be involved in cell-cell interaction, interacting with other proteins by salt bridges and hydrogen bonds. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Secreted, cell wall Note=Identified as covalently-linked GPI-modified cell wall protein (GPI-CWP) in the outer cell wall layer.


FUNCTION: Delta(8)-fatty-acid desaturase which introduces a double bond at the 8-position in the long-chain base (LCB) of ceramides. Required for the formation of the di-unsaturated sphingoid base (E,E)-sphinga- 4,8-dienine during glucosylceramide (GluCer) biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ycf23 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in (+) and (-)-abscisic acid transport (ABA) and in gibberellin import. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Proton- dependent oligopeptide transporter (POT/PTR) (TC 2.A.17) family.


FUNCTION: May not function as an oxygen storage or transport protein, but might act as an oxygen sensor or play a role in electron transfer, possibly to a bound oxygen molecule. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant globin family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a molecular chaperone for PCSK2/PC2, preventing its premature activation in the regulated secretory pathway. Binds to inactive PCSK2 in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates its transport from there to later compartments of the secretory pathway where it is proteolytically matured and activated. Also required for cleavage of PCSK2 but does not appear to be involved in its folding. Plays a role in regulating pituitary hormone secretion. The C-terminal peptide inhibits PCSK2 in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Note=Neuroendocrine and endocrine secretory granules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 7B2 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for abscisic acid (ABA) required for ABA-mediated responses such as stomatal closure and germination inhibition. Inhibits the activity of group-A protein phosphatases type 2C (PP2Cs) when activated by ABA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cell membrane Note=Localizes at the plasma membrane in the presence of a CAR protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PYR/PYL/RCAR abscisic acid intracellular receptor family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional coactivator for CREB1 which activates transcription through both consensus and variant cAMP response element (CRE) sites (PubMed:29211348, PubMed:30611118). Acts as a coactivator, in the SIK/TORC signaling pathway, being active when dephosphorylated (PubMed:29211348). Acts independently of CREB1 'Ser-133' phosphorylation (By similarity). Enhances the interaction of CREB1 with TAF4 (By similarity). Regulates the expression of specific CREB- activated genes such as the steroidogenic gene, StAR (By similarity). Potent coactivator of PPARGC1A and inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Appears to be mainly nuclear. Translocates to the nucleus following adenylyl cyclase or MAP kinase activation (PubMed:30611118). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TORC family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. This specific G-alpha subunit plays an important role in olfaction and in cilia morphogenesis. Involved in chemotactic responses to attractants diacetyl, pyrazine, 2,4,5-trimethylthiazole, benzaldehyde, isoamyl alcohol, butanone and 2,3-pentanedione. Displays a redundant function with gpa-3 in chemotactic responses. Involved in avoidance responses to copper, sodium dodecyl sulfate and linoleic acid. Involved in osmotic avoidance and mechanosensory responses. Involved in specifying fan-like morphology of cilia of head sensory neurons AWC (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell projection, cilium Cell projection, dendrite Note=In amphid neurons also weakly expressed in cell body. In phasmid neurons found only in cilia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family.


FUNCTION: Involved in spliceosome maturation and the first step of pre- mRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPP2 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in a process influencing telomere capping. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RTC5 family.


FUNCTION: Essential for RNA polymerase III to make a number of small nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs, including 5S RNA, tRNA, and adenovirus- associated (VA) RNA of both cellular and viral origin. Has histone acetyltransferase activity (HAT) with unique specificity for free and nucleosomal H3. May cooperate with GTF3C5 in facilitating the recruitment of TFIIIB and RNA polymerase through direct interactions with BRF1, POLR3C and POLR3F. May be localized close to the A box. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIIC subunit 4 family.


FUNCTION: Suppressor of viral-induced RNA silencing. Increases the accumulation of viral RNA and enhances viral cell-to-cell movement by inhibiting RNA silencing. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carlaviruses nucleic acid-binding protein family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site. The affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon. FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor for the ribose rbsDACBK operon. RbsR binds to a region of perfect dyad symmetry spanning the rbs operon transcriptional start site. The affinity for the rbs operator is reduced by addition of ribose, consistent with ribose being the inducer of the operon (By similarity).


FUNCTION: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase that utilizes N- acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate as substrate (PubMed:9603950). Together with AGM1, is involved in the production of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine from N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate (PubMed:9603950). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDPGP type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage (SOS response), including recA and lexA. Binds to the 16 bp palindromic sequence 5'-CTGTATATATATACAG-3'. In the presence of single- stranded DNA, RecA interacts with LexA causing an autocatalytic cleavage which disrupts the DNA-binding part of LexA, leading to derepression of the SOS regulon and eventually DNA repair. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S24 family.


FUNCTION: As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade facilitating the activation of MAPK2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Late endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LAMTOR3 family.


FUNCTION: Sodium-coupled antiporter of neutral amino acids. In a tri- substrate transport cycle, exchanges neutral amino acids between the extracellular and intracellular compartments, coupled to the inward cotransport of at least one sodium ion (By similarity) (PubMed:9227483). The preferred substrate is the essential amino acid L-glutamine, a precursor for biosynthesis of proteins, nucleotides and amine sugars as well as an alternative fuel for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Exchanges L-glutamine with other neutral amino acids such as L-serine, L-threonine and L-asparagine in a bidirectional way. Provides L-glutamine to proliferating stem and activated cells driving the metabolic switch toward cell differentiation (By similarity). The transport cycle is usually pH-independent, with the exception of L- glutamate. Transports extracellular L-glutamate coupled to the cotransport of one proton and one sodium ion in exchange for intracellular L-glutamine counter-ion. May provide for L-glutamate uptake in glial cells regulating glutamine/glutamate cycle in the nervous system (By similarity). Can transport D-amino acids. Mediates D-serine release from the retinal glia potentially affecting NMDA receptor function in retinal neurons (By similarity). Displays sodium- and amino acid-dependent but uncoupled channel-like anion conductance with a preference SCN(-) >> NO3(-) > I(-) > Cl(-) (By similarity). Through binding of the fusogenic protein syncytin-1/ERVW-1 may mediate trophoblasts syncytialization, the spontaneous fusion of their plasma membranes, an essential process in placental development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Melanosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dicarboxylate/amino acid:cation symporter (DAACS) (TC 2.A.23) family. SLC1A5 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Possesses a potent antimicrobial activity against Gram- positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure (By similarity). FUNCTION: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus (MIC=5.7 uM), S.dysgalactiae (MIC=5.7 uM), Nocardia sp (MIC=22.9 uM) and S.uberis (MIC=5.7 uM), and the Gram-negative bacteria P.aeruginosa, E.coli and A.calcoaceticus. Has antiprotozoal activity against T.cruzi. Has antifungal activity against the yeasts C.tropicalis (MIC=0.37 uM), C.guilliermondii (MIC=22.9 uM), C.albicans (MIC=5.7 uM) and C.albicans ATCC 1023 (MIC=5.7 uM). Lacks hemolytic activity against human and murine erythrocytes. Does not cause morphological changes in murine liver, spleen and kidney. Decreases viability of murine peritoneal cells. Fuses to, and disrupts liposomes. FUNCTION: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E.coli and the Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus (PubMed:16844081). Has antiprotozoal activity against L.amazonensis (PubMed:16844081). Has antifungal activity (By similarity). Has no hemolytic activity (PubMed:16844081). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Dermaseptin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acidic protein, which assembles histones into an octamer (in vitro). Involved in the regulation of the localization and the function of the septins during mitosis. Involved in the function of B-type cyclins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus. Bud neck. Note=Phosphorylation by CK2 promotes the import into the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.


FUNCTION: Endonuclease important for programmed cell death; it mediates apoptotic DNA fragmentation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in fertilization (By similarity). Has no detectable bacteriolytic and lysozyme activities in vitro (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome Cell projection, cilium, flagellum Note=Found in the principal piece of sperm tail. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transamination between an unstable intermediate ((S)-ureidoglycine) and the end product of purine catabolism (glyoxylate) to yield oxalurate and glycine. Glyoxylate is the preferred substrate, but other amino-group acceptors can be used. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Carboxylesterase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of patulin, an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species that shows antimicrobial properties against several bacteria (By similarity). The function of patB in patulin synthesis has still to be characterized (By similarity). The pathway begins with the synthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid by the polyketide synthase (PKS) patK via condensation of acetate and malonate units. The 6-methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase patG then catalyzes the decarboxylation of 6-methylsalicylic acid to yield m-cresol (also known as 3-methylphenol). These first reactions occur in the cytosol. The intermediate m-cresol is then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum where the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase patH converts it to m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, which is further converted to gentisyl alcohol by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase patI. The oxidoreductases patJ and patO further convert gentisyl alcohol to isoepoxydon in the vacuole. PatN catalyzes then the transformation of isoepoxydon into phyllostine. The cluster protein patF is responsible for the conversion from phyllostine to neopatulin whereas the alcohol dehydrogenase patD converts neopatulin to E-ascladiol. The steps between isoepoxydon and E-ascladiol occur in the cytosol, and E-ascladiol is probably secreted to the extracellular space by one of the cluster-specific transporters patC or patM. Finally, the secreted patulin synthase patE catalyzes the conversion of E-ascladiol to patulin (PubMed:19383676) (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the mitochondrial lipid metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class YlqF/YawG GTPase family. GEP3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Ribosomally synthesized cyclic peptide asperipin-2a precursor; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the asperipin-2a, a bicyclic peptide that possesses two macrocyclic ether rings consisting of 14- and 17-membered paracyclophans (PubMed:26703898, PubMed:30516224). The aprA translated product contains a 11-fold repeated peptide embedding the hexapeptide Phe-Tyr- Tyr-Thr-Gly-Tyr, that is converted into asperipin-2a (PubMed:30516224). After being excised from the precursor peptide by kexin proteases, the core peptides are cyclized and modified post-translationally by enzymes encoded within the corresponding gene cluster (PubMed:30516224).


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the irreversible beta-carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form oxaloacetate (OAA), a four-carbon dicarboxylic acid source for the tricarboxylic acid cycle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PEPCase type 2 family.


FUNCTION: Shows no cytotoxicity and does not inhibit the binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of muscle and alpha-7/CHRNA7 types. However, it potentiates the binding of alpha- bungarotoxin to the acetylcholine-binding protein from Lymnaea stagnalis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily.


FUNCTION: This protein is an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta and is involved in the control of eukaryotic DNA replication by increasing the polymerase's processibility during elongation of the leading strand. Promotes 3'-5' nuclease activity of the DNA- endonuclease apex2.L in response to DNA damage (PubMed:28028224, PubMed:29361157). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PCNA family.


FUNCTION: Plant-specific TFIIB-related protein that may be involved in an intracellular signaling pathway between plastids and the nucleus (PubMed:12697827). May act as general transcription factor (GTF) of RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription and rRNA synthesis. Forms a ternary complex with TBP2 and the rDNA promoter region (PubMed:18668124). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Nucleus Note=Localizes to the nucleus under conditions of proteasome inhibition.


FUNCTION: AP-1 family transcription factor that controls the differentiation of CD8(+) thymic conventional dendritic cells in the immune system. Acts via the formation of a heterodimer with JUN family proteins that recognizes and binds DNA sequence 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3' and regulates expression of target genes. Required for development of CD8- alpha(+) classical dendritic cells (cDCs) and related CD103(+) dendritic cells that cross-present antigens to CD8 T-cells and produce interleukin-12 (IL12) in response to pathogens (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of cathepsin D (aspartic protease). May also inhibit trypsin and chymotrypsin (serine proteases). Protects the plant by inhibiting proteases of invading organisms. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I3 (leguminous Kunitz- type inhibitor) family.


FUNCTION: Part of the insoluble cornified cell envelope (CE) of stratified squamous epithelia. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Note=Constituent of the scaffolding of the cornified envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the involucrin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in monoterpene (C10) biosynthesis in glandular trichomes (PubMed:17440821). Converts geranyl diphosphate to linalool in glandular trichomes in response to jasmonate (JA) (PubMed:17440821). Can convert farnesyl diphosphate to nerolidol in vitro (PubMed:17440821). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsb subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of gamete interactions during the double fertilization and to prevent multiple-pollen tube attraction; mediates the redistribution of the gamete fusogen HAP2/GCS1 to the cell surface after secretion upon sperm arrival. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle Secreted Note=Secreted via vesicle exocytose upon sperm arrival, especially in the apical region of the degenerating synergid cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant egg cell-secreted peptide family.


FUNCTION: Component of the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes which mediates sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and prevents post-fertilization polyspermy. The zona pellucida is composed of 3 to 4 glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. ZP1 ensures the structural integrity of the zona pellucida (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Processed zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 1]: Zona pellucida. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZP domain family. ZPB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably not redundant with AED1 and not involved in restriction of salicylic acid (SA) or systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the insertion of some light-harvesting complexes (LHC) proteins into the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Essential for the assembly and activity of LHC I and II. Its function is probably partly distinct from that of ALB3.2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC (TC 2.A.9.2) family.


FUNCTION: Displays phosphatase activity for serine/threonine residues. Has apparently no phosphoglycerate mutase activity. May be regulator of mitochondrial dynamics (By similarity). May be a central mediator for programmed necrosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG- dependent PGAM subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in osteoblast cell differentiation. May play a role in inducing the cell cycle arrest (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus envelope Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Colocalizes with NELL1 on the nuclear envelope and the perinuclear region.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NSA1 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibition of trypsin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I3 (leguminous Kunitz- type inhibitor) family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CarA family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the 2,6-deoxysugar, dTDP-L- rhodinose, attached to the benzoisochromane quinone chromophore to produce the aglycone antibiotics granaticin and granaticin B. Catalyzes the removal of the hydroxyl group at position C-2 of the hexose ring of dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose, and the oxidation of the hydroxyl group at position C-3 to form a carbonyl functionality. The product of the reaction, dTDP-2,6-dideoxy-D-glycero-hex-2-enos-4-ulose, is a highly unstable diketosugar, which spontaneously forms dTDP-3,4- didehydro-2,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hexose 2,3-dehydratase family.


FUNCTION: May be a DNA-binding protein with a regulatory function. May play an important role in cell death and/or in regulation of cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of the seco-iridoid and derivatives monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs, e.g. vinblastine and ajmalicine) biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes the methylation of loganic acid (6S,7R) to produce loganin (PubMed:29399933, PubMed:18326827, PubMed:24104568). Weak activity with secologanic acid as substrate. Inactive on deoxyloganic, dehydrologanic, epiloganic and loganetic acid (PubMed:18326827). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Type-7 methyltransferase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL33 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in mediating calcium-activated chloride conductance. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Apical cell membrane Secreted Note=The C-terminus 30 kDa form is anchored to the membrane. The N-terminus 110 kDa form is released from the membrane triggered by an unknown stimulus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CLCR family.


FUNCTION: NADH-cytochrome b5 reductases are involved in desaturation and elongation of fatty acids, cholesterol biosynthesis and drug metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductase family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the aerobic transport of succinate from the periplasm to the cytoplasm at acidic pH. FUNCTION: Responsible for the aerobic transport of succinate from the periplasm to the cytoplasm at acidic pH (PubMed:23278959). Can transport other C4-dicarboxylic acids such as aspartate and fumarate (PubMed:23278959). May also play a role in the regulation of C4- dicarboxylic acid metabolism at pH 7, via regulation of expression and/or activity of DctA. May act as a co-sensor of DcuS (PubMed:23278959). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53) family.


FUNCTION: Part of the Sec protein translocase complex. Interacts with the SecYEG preprotein conducting channel. SecDF uses the proton motive force (PMF) to complete protein translocation after the ATP-dependent function of SecA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SecD/SecF family. SecF subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Probably redox- responsive. The apo- but not holo-form probably binds DNA (By similarity). FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Probably redox- responsive. The apo- but not holo-form probably binds DNA (By similarity). The apo-form has been shown to act as a protein disulfide reductase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WhiB family.


FUNCTION: Conjugates glutathione (gamma-Glu-Cys-Gly) and glutathionylspermidine to form trypanothione (N(1),N(8)- bis(glutathionyl)spermidine), which is involved in maintaining intracellular thiol redox and in defense against oxidants. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the glutathionylspermidine synthase preATP-grasp family.


FUNCTION: Rapidly hydrolyzes choline released into the synapse. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Synapse Secreted Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal Golgi structure and for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) through the Golgi apparatus to the cell surface. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Nucleus Note=Detected in the nucleus upon heterologous expression. Not detected in the cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Cytoplasm Note=Not detected in the nucleus.


FUNCTION: Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis (By similarity). Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis (By similarity). Acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex; directs CPC movement to different locations from the inner centromere during prometaphase to midbody during cytokinesis and participates in the organization of the center spindle by associating with polymerized microtubules (By similarity). Involved in the recruitment of CPC to centromeres during early mitosis via association with histone H3 phosphorylated at 'Thr-3' (H3pT3) during mitosis (By similarity). The complex with RAN plays a role in mitotic spindle formation by serving as a physical scaffold to help deliver the RAN effector molecule TPX2 to microtubules (By similarity). May counteract a default induction of apoptosis in G2/M phase (By similarity). The acetylated form represses STAT3 transactivation of target gene promoters (By similarity). May play a role in neoplasia. Inhibitor of CASP3 and CASP7 (By similarity). Essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function (By similarity). FUNCTION: Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis (PubMed:9859993, PubMed:21364656, PubMed:20627126, PubMed:25778398, PubMed:28218735). Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis (PubMed:16322459). Acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex; directs CPC movement to different locations from the inner centromere during prometaphase to midbody during cytokinesis and participates in the organization of the center spindle by associating with polymerized microtubules (PubMed:20826784). Involved in the recruitment of CPC to centromeres during early mitosis via association with histone H3 phosphorylated at 'Thr-3' (H3pT3) during mitosis (PubMed:20929775). The complex with RAN plays a role in mitotic spindle formation by serving as a physical scaffold to help deliver the RAN effector molecule TPX2 to microtubules (PubMed:18591255). May counteract a default induction of apoptosis in G2/M phase (PubMed:9859993). The acetylated form represses STAT3 transactivation of target gene promoters (PubMed:20826784). May play a role in neoplasia (PubMed:10626797). Inhibitor of CASP3 and CASP7 (PubMed:21536684). Essential for the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function (PubMed:25778398). Isoform 2 and isoform 3 do not appear to play vital roles in mitosis (PubMed:12773388, PubMed:16291752). Isoform 3 shows a marked reduction in its anti- apoptotic effects when compared with the displayed wild-type isoform (PubMed:10626797). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosome Chromosome, centromere Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Midbody Note=Localizes at the centromeres from prophase to metaphase, at the spindle midzone during anaphase and a the midbody during telophase and cytokinesis. Accumulates in the nucleus upon treatment with leptomycin B (LMB), a XPO1/CRM1 nuclear export inhibitor (By similarity). Localizes on chromosome arms and inner centromeres from prophase through metaphase. Localizes to kinetochores in metaphase, distributes to the midzone microtubules in anaphase and at telophase, localizes exclusively to the midbody (PubMed:11084331). Colocalizes with AURKB at mitotic chromosomes (PubMed:14610074). Acetylation at Lys-129 directs its localization to the nucleus by enhancing homodimerization and thereby inhibiting XPO1/CRM1-mediated nuclear export (PubMed:20826784). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosome Chromosome, centromere Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Midbody Note=ocalizes at the centromeres from prophase to metaphase, at the spindle midzone during anaphase and a the midbody during telophase and cytokinesis. Accumulates in the nucleus upon treatment with leptomycin B (LMB), a XPO1/CRM1 nuclear export inhibitor (By similarity). Localizes on chromosome arms and inner centromeres from prophase through metaphase. Localizes to kinetochores in metaphase, distributes to the midzone microtubules in anaphase and at telophase, localizes exclusively to the midbody. Colocalizes with AURKB at mitotic chromosomes. Acetylation at Lys-129 directs its localization to the nucleus by enhancing homodimerization and thereby inhibiting XPO1/CRM1- mediated nuclear export (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IAP family.


FUNCTION: Probable cell wall protein that participates directly in adhesive cell-cell interactions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor Note=Covalently- linked GPI-modified cell wall protein (GPI-CWP). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flocculin family.


FUNCTION: Lipid transfer protein involved in seed and ovule maturation and development, probably by regulating the fatty acids homeostasis during suberin and sporopollenin biosynthesis or deposition (PubMed:24460633). Contributes to pre-invasive defense against some non-host powdery mildew pathogens by preventing the penetration of the epidermal cell wall by the fungal agents (e.g. Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh)) (PubMed:30102837). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant LTP family.


FUNCTION: Protein kinase which phosphorylates and activates MPK4 in vitro. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS3 family.


FUNCTION: Transports viral genome to neighboring plant cells directly through plasmosdesmata, without any budding. The movement protein allows efficient cell to cell propagation, by bypassing the host cell wall barrier. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNA. Binds microtubules and modulates microtubule stability. Can bind double- stranded DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm, host cytoskeleton Host cell junction, host plasmodesma. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tobamovirus movement protein family.


FUNCTION: Component of the coat protein complex II (COPII) which promotes the formation of transport vesicles from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The coat has two main functions, the physical deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane into vesicles and the selection of cargo molecules. It also functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). NPC components, collectively referred to as nucleoporins (NUPs), can play the role of both NPC structural components and of docking or interaction partners for transiently associated nuclear transport factors. Sec13 is required for efficient mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and for correct nuclear pore biogenesis and distribution (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPII-coated vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Nucleus, nuclear pore complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat SEC13 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as part of axonemal radial spoke complexes that play an important part in the motility of sperm and cilia (By similarity). Functions as a protein kinase A-anchoring protein that scaffolds the cAMP-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme. May serve as a point of convergence for MAPK and PKA signaling in cilia (PubMed:19684019). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium axoneme Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, flagellum axoneme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP3 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribulose-phosphate 3-epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Uptake of L-rhamnose across the cytoplasmic membrane with the concomitant transport of protons into the cell (symport system). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L-rhamnose transporter (TC 2.A.7.6) family.


FUNCTION: Essential for synapsis surveillance during meiotic prophase via the recruitment of ATR activity. Plays a key role in the male mid- pachytene checkpoint and the female meiotic prophase checkpoint: required for efficient build-up of ATR activity on unsynapsed chromosome regions, a process believed to form the basis of meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC) and meiotic prophase quality control in both sexes. Required for the DNA double-strand break- independent, BRCA1-dependent activation of ATR on the sex chromosomes that is essential for normal sex body formation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Preferentially localizes to unsynapsed or desynapsed chromosomal regions during the male and female prophase I stage of meiosis. TRIP13 is required for depletion from synapsed chromosomes (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Deubiquitinating enzyme that may function as negative regulator of the innate immune system. Has peptidase activity towards 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Can also cleave 'Lys-11'-linked ubiquitin chains (in vitro) (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C85 family.


FUNCTION: Amino acid transporter that specifically mediates the pH- dependent export of the cationic amino acids arginine, histidine and lysine from lysosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the laat-1 family.


FUNCTION: eIF-2 functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA. This preinitiation complex mediates ribosomal recognition of a start codon during the scanning process of the leader region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2-alpha family.


FUNCTION: Functions in an early step of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Has both a membrane binding/bending activity and the ability to recruit proteins essential to the formation of functional clathrin-coated pits. Has a lipid-binding activity with a preference for membranes enriched in phosphatidylserine and phosphoinositides (Pi(4,5) biphosphate) like the plasma membrane. Its membrane-bending activity might be important for the subsequent action of clathrin and adaptors in the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles. Involved in adaptor protein complex AP-2- dependent endocytosis of the transferrin receptor, it also functions in the AP-2-independent endocytosis of the LDL receptor (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane, clathrin-coated pit; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=Associated with forming but not mature clathrin- coated vesicles. The recruitment to coated-pits precede the one of clathrin and the adaptor protein complex AP-2 (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FCHO family.


FUNCTION: Inhibitor of the alkaline protease. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I38 family.


FUNCTION: Ligand-activated transcription factor that enables cells to adapt to changing conditions by sensing compounds from the environment, diet, microbiome and cellular metabolism, and which plays important roles in development, immunity and cancer (PubMed:10639156, PubMed:10973493, PubMed:1314586, PubMed:7961644, PubMed:7969080, PubMed:8806883, PubMed:9427285, PubMed:33436590). Upon ligand binding, translocates into the nucleus, where it heterodimerizes with ARNT and induces transcription by binding to xenobiotic response elements (XRE) (By similarity). Regulates a variety of biological processes, including angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, drug and lipid metabolism, cell motility and immune modulation (PubMed:20106950, PubMed:28396409). Xenobiotics can act as ligands: upon xenobiotic-binding, activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene) (PubMed:10639156, PubMed:10973493, PubMed:1314586, PubMed:7961644, PubMed:7969080, PubMed:8806883, PubMed:9427285). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (By similarity). Next to xenobiotics, natural ligands derived from plants, microbiota, and endogenous metabolism are potent AHR agonists (By similarity). Tryptophan (Trp) derivatives constitute an important class of endogenous AHR ligands (By similarity). Acts as a negative regulator of anti-tumor immunity: indoles and kynurenic acid generated by Trp catabolism act as ligand and activate AHR, thereby promoting AHR-driven cancer cell motility and suppressing adaptive immunity (By similarity). Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1 (By similarity). Inhibits PER1 by repressing the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer mediated transcriptional activation of PER1 (PubMed:20106950). The heterodimer ARNT:AHR binds to core DNA sequence 5'-TGCGTG-3' within the dioxin response element (DRE) of target gene promoters and activates their transcription (PubMed:28396409). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Initially cytoplasmic; upon binding with ligand and interaction with a HSP90, it translocates to the nucleus.


FUNCTION: Long-chain fatty alcohol oxidase involved in the omega- oxidation pathway of lipid degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: A methylase that recognizes the double-stranded sequence 5'- GTNNAC-3', methylates A-5 on both strands, and protects the DNA from cleavage by the MjaIV endonuclease.


FUNCTION: Binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA).


FUNCTION: Involved in maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 1 family. PLBC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts as a key regulator of NRAS signaling by mediating phosphorylation of NRAS at 'Ser-89', thereby enhancing NRAS-binding to its downstream effectors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STK19 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 19 (CSTX) family. 02 (D7) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Biotin--protein ligase catalyzing the biotinylation of the 4 biotin-dependent carboxylases acetyl-CoA-carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the biotin--protein ligase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the formin-like family. Class-I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Site-specific tyrosine recombinase, which acts by catalyzing the cutting and rejoining of the recombining DNA molecules. The XerC- XerD complex is essential to convert dimers of the bacterial chromosome into monomers to permit their segregation at cell division. It also contributes to the segregational stability of plasmids (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family. XerD subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM183 family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for octopamine. Octopamine (OA) is a neurotransmitter, neurohormone, and neuromodulator in invertebrates. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin ligase required to protect genome stability in response to replication stress (PubMed:30979826, PubMed:30849395, PubMed:30842657). Acts as a key regulator of interstrand cross-link repair, which takes place when both strands of duplex DNA are covalently tethered together, thereby blocking replication and transcription (PubMed:30979826, PubMed:30849395, PubMed:30842657). Controls the choice between the two pathways of replication-coupled interstrand-cross-link repair by mediating ubiquitination of mcm7 subunit of the CMG helicase complex (PubMed:30842657). Short ubiquitin chains on mcm7 promote recruitment of DNA glycosylase neil3 (PubMed:30842657). If the interstrand cross-link cannot be cleaved by neil3, the ubiquitin chains continue to grow on mcm7, promoting the unloading of the CMG helicase complex by the vcp/p97 ATPase, enabling the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway (PubMed:30979826, PubMed:30842657). Only catalyzes ubiquitination of mcm7 when forks converge (PubMed:30842657). Also involved in the repair of covalent DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) during DNA synthesis: promotes ubiquitination of DPCs, leading to their degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:30595436). Also acts as a negative regulator of innate immune signaling by inhibiting activation of NF-kappa-B mediated by TNF (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus Chromosome Cytoplasm Note=Localizes to DNA damage sites in response to replication stress. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAIP family.


FUNCTION: Lipase which is essential for lysis of subvacuolar cytoplasm to vacuole targeted bodies and intravacuolar autophagic bodies. Involved in the lysis of intravacuolar multivesicular body (MVB) vesicles. The intravacuolar membrane disintegration by ATG15 is critical to life span extension (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome, multivesicular body membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Prevacuolar compartment membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Note=From ER, targeted to vacuolar lumen at the MVB vesicles via the Golgi and the prevacuolar compartment (PVC). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism. Acts as a sliding platform that migrates on DNA via reptation. SSB or its 10 C-terminal amino acids stimulates the ATPase activity of RadD (PubMed:27519413). FUNCTION: Plays an important role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds to ssDNA and to an array of partner proteins to recruit them to their sites of action during DNA metabolism.


FUNCTION: F(1)F(0) ATP synthase produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton or sodium gradient. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. FUNCTION: This protein is part of the stalk that links CF(0) to CF(1). It either transmits conformational changes from CF(0) to CF(1) or is implicated in proton conduction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Membrane raft; Peripheral membrane protein. Note=Present in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions that may be equivalent to eukaryotic membrane rafts; these rafts include proteins involved in signaling, molecule trafficking and protein secretion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase delta chain family.


FUNCTION: Lanthionine-containing peptide (lantipeptide) with unknown function (Probable). Does not show antibiotic activity against Lactococcus lactis 117 and Bacillus subtilis 6633 bacteria (PubMed:20479271). Organisms that produce this peptide live in oligotrophic environments at very dilute concentrations, suggesting this peptide is not secreted to influence other bacteria (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Rex escorts unspliced gag-pro-pol and singly spliced env mRNAs out of the nucleus of infected cells. These mRNAs carry a recognition sequence called Rex responsive element (RxRE or XRE) located at the 3' region of the long terminal repeat (LTR). This function is essential since most HTLV proteins are translated from unspliced or partially spliced pre-mRNAs that cannot exit the nucleus by the pathway used by fully processed cellular mRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus, host nucleolus Host cytoplasm Note=The presence of both nuclear import (NLS) and nuclear export (NES) signals leads to continuous shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the deltaretrovirus Rex protein family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CarB family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex UgpBAEC involved in sn- glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) import. Binds G3P. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family.


FUNCTION: Prevents misfolding and promotes the refolding and proper assembly of unfolded polypeptides generated under stress conditions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chaperonin (HSP60) family.


FUNCTION: Binds CpG islands in promoters where the DNA is methylated at position 5 of cytosine within CpG dinucleotides (PubMed:9774669). Binds hemimethylated DNA as well (By similarity). Recruits histone deacetylases and DNA methyltransferases to chromatin (By similarity). Acts as a component of the histone deacetylase NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin (By similarity). Acts as transcriptional repressor and plays a role in gene silencing (By similarity). Functions as a scaffold protein, targeting GATAD2A and GATAD2B to chromatin to promote repression (By similarity). May enhance the activation of some unmethylated cAMP-responsive promoters (By similarity). Selectively represses transcription activity of methylated rRNA promoters (PubMed:14610093). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Nuclear, in discrete foci. Detected at replication foci in late S phase. Localizes to methylated chromatin. Localizes to sites of DNA damage in a manner partially dependent on ZMYND8.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6- threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A), leading to the formation of 2- methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. MtaB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Snake venom oligomeric phospholipase A2 that has potent presynaptic neurotoxicity. Chain B is not itself neurotoxic, but it is essential for the neurotoxicity of textilotoxin. Subunit B possesses a very low phospholipase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily. N49 sub-subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus, host nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HHV-1 US8.5 protein family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator which regulates endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'- AGATAG-3'. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Protein phosphatase that shows typical type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) activity (PubMed:17002782). Catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the E1 alpha subunit (PDA1) of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PubMed:18180296). Required for efficient mitophagy in stationary phase cells (PubMed:17166847). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion intermembrane space Mitochondrion matrix.


FUNCTION: Involved in the transport of siderophore triacestylfusarinine C and so has a role in iron homeostasis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily.


FUNCTION: May act as a substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex (CUL3-RBX1-BTB) which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins (By similarity). Involved in leaf vasculature patterning (PubMed:18643975). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NPH3 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NARF family.


FUNCTION: Component of several N-terminal acetyltransferase complexes (PubMed:20154145, PubMed:29754825, PubMed:32042062). Inhibits the N- terminal acetylation activity of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NAA10-NAA15 complex (also called the NatA complex) (PubMed:29754825, PubMed:32042062). Has chaperone-like activity preventing polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation of HTT in neuronal cells probably while associated with the NatA complex (PubMed:17947297, PubMed:20154145). May play a role in the NatA complex-mediated N-terminal acetylation of PCNP (PubMed:20154145). FUNCTION: Component of several N-terminal acetyltransferase complexes (By similarity). Inhibits the N-terminal acetylation activity of the N- terminal acetyltransferase NAA10-NAA15 complex (also called the NatA complex) (By similarity). Has chaperone-like activity preventing polyglutamine (polyQ) aggregation of HTT in neuronal cells probably while associated with the NatA complex (By similarity). May play a role in the NatA complex-mediated N-terminal acetylation of PCNP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Within the NatA/HYPK complex, may localize to ribosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Within the NatA/HYPK complex, may localize to ribosomes.


FUNCTION: TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation. TFIIA in a complex with TBP mediates transcriptional activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIA subunit 1 family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the hydrolysis of some nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. Can use FAD and ADP-ribose as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SAICAR synthetase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the papillomaviridae E5 protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of the physiological electron carriers NADH and reduced ferredoxin, coupled to the production of H(2) (PubMed:19411328). Acts as a bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase, which uses the exergonic oxidation of reduced ferredoxin to drive the unfavorable oxidation of NADH to produce H(2) (PubMed:19411328). The alpha subunit contains the catalytic H-cluster (PubMed:19411328). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent ATPase and ATP-dependent 5'-3' DNA helicase. Has no activity on blunt DNA or DNA with 3'-overhangs, requires at least 10 bases of 5'-ssDNA for helicase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecD family. RecD-like subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane. Couples electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to NAD(+) with translocation of H(+) out of the cell. Essential for energy conservation during autotrophic growth. Contributes to ATP synthesis during heterotrophic growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NqrB/RnfD family.


FUNCTION: Exo-inulinase involved in utilization of the plant storage polymer inulin, consisting of fructooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) value from 2 to 60. Splits off terminal fructose units successively from the non-reducing end of the inulin molecule, and also hydrolyze sucrose and raffinose. FUNCTION: Exo-inulinase involved in utilization of the plant storage polymer inulin, consisting of fructooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) value from 2 to 60. Splits off terminal fructose units successively from the non-reducing end of the inulin molecule, and also hydrolyze sucrose and raffinose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 32 family.


FUNCTION: NADPH-dependent conjugated polyketone reductase with broad substrate specificity and strict stereospecificity. Reduces ketopantoyl lactone (2-dehydropantolactone), isatin and camphorquinone. Does not act on menadione, p-nitrobenzaldehyde and pyridine-3-aldehyde. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.


FUNCTION: Shuttles 11-cis- and all-trans-retinals between rhodopsin and retinochrome and regenerates the photoproducts of both pigments. Also binds weakly to retinol.


FUNCTION: May play an important role in hormonal and growth regulatory responses. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. HSP26 family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be menaquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Might be involved in magnetite crystal growth. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Magnetosome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Tightly associated with magnetite crystals. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the magnetosome MamD/Mms5 family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal beta-1,6-glucan synthesis, for hyphal morphogenesis, adhesion and virulence. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BIG1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=N- glycosylation at Asn-54 and Asn-88 is required for plasma membrane localization.