FUNCTION: D-galactose-specific lectin, binds the T-antigen structure Gal-beta1,3-GalNAc. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the jacalin lectin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. OTCase family.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that is able to use dehydroabietic acid as a substrate for oxidation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes cyanide-resistant oxygen consumption. May increase respiration when the cytochrome respiratory pathway is restricted, or in response to low temperatures (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alternative oxidase family.


FUNCTION: The beta subunit is responsible for the synthesis of L- tryptophan from indole and L-serine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TrpB family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of D,L-glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate in vitro. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the staphylococcal tandem lipoprotein family.


FUNCTION: This protein is one of the different antigenic serotypes of protein M. Protein M is closely associated with virulence of the bacterium and can render the organism resistant to phagocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall; Peptidoglycan-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the M protein family.


FUNCTION: Signaling adapter that couples activated growth factor receptors to signaling pathways. Participates in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Participates in signaling downstream of the angiopoietin receptor TEK/TIE2, and plays a role in the regulation of endothelial cell migration and sprouting angiogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell junction, focal adhesion.


FUNCTION: May be implicated in the adrenocortical zonation and in mechanisms for repressing the CYP11B1 gene expression in adrenocortical cells. This is a non catalytic peptidase C1 family protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the inhibition of the host innate and adaptive immune responses. Possesses five immunoglobulin-binding domains that capture both the fragment crystallizable region (Fc region) and the Fab region (part of Ig that identifies antigen) of immunoglobulins (By similarity). In turn, Staphylococcus aureus is protected from phagocytic killing via inhibition of Ig Fc region. In addition, the host elicited B-cell response is prevented due to a decrease of antibody-secreting cell proliferation that enter the bone marrow, thereby decreasing long-term antibody production. Inhibits osteogenesis by preventing osteoblast proliferation and expression of alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, osteopontin and osteocalcin. Acts directly as a pro-inflammatory factor in the lung through its ability to bind and activate tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 1/TNFRSF1A (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall; Peptidoglycan-anchor Note=Anchored to the cell wall by sortase A. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the immunoglobulin-binding protein SpA family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the PAM complex, a complex required for the translocation of transit peptide-containing proteins from the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix in an ATP-dependent manner. Seems to control the nucleotide-dependent binding of mitochondrial HSP70 to substrate proteins. Stimulates ATPase activity of mt-HSP70. May also serve to modulate the interconversion of oligomeric (inactive) and monomeric (active) forms of mt-HSP70 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GrpE family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of transcription elongation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BYE1 family.


FUNCTION: Minor outer capsid protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host cytoplasm Note=Found in the peripheral regions of spherical cytoplasmic structures, called virus factories, that appear early after infection and are the site of viral replication and packaging. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phytoreovirus minor outer capsid protein P9 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. MFSD6 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deamination of various vicinal amino-alcohols to oxo compounds. Allows this organism to utilize ethanolamine as the sole source of nitrogen and carbon in the presence of vitamin B12. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the deamination of various vicinal amino-alcohols to oxo compounds (PubMed:19762342). Allows this organism to utilize ethanolamine as the sole source of nitrogen and carbon in the presence of external vitamin B12. It is spontaneously inactivated by its substrate and reactivated by EutA (PubMed:15466038). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Bacterial microcompartment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EutB family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EutB family.


FUNCTION: Probable catalytic subunit of a protein translocase for flagellum-specific export, or a proton translocase involved in local circuits at the flagellum. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Archaeal flagellum. SIMILARITY: To M.jannaschii FlaE, also to FlaD.


FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase that possesses phosphatase activity toward para-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Promotes polyploidy in dark-grown seedlings. Regulates the endocycle leading to hypocotyl elongation.


FUNCTION: Calcium-regulated membrane-binding protein whose affinity for calcium is greatly enhanced by anionic phospholipids. It binds two calcium ions with high affinity. May be involved in heat-stress response. Inhibits PCSK9-enhanced LDLR degradation, probably reduces PCSK9 protein levels via a translational mechanism but also competes with LDLR for binding with PCSK9. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix, basement membrane. Melanosome Note=In the lamina beneath the plasma membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the annexin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PetN family.


FUNCTION: Probable RNA methyltransferase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Exonuclease that plays a role in viral genome replication, DNA recombination, and host DNA degradation. SIMILARITY: To phage T5 protein D13 and to yeast RAD52.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX59 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-mRNA splicing and cell cycle progression. Required for the spliceosome assembly and initiation of the DNA replication (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the crooked-neck family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the CoA-dependent reduction of elemental sulfur (S(0)) to produce hydrogen sulfide. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in DNA damage repair. Works together with the UvrABC proteins in repairing DNA damage resulting from exposure to the DNA damaging agent mitomycin C (MMC). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nre family.


FUNCTION: Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins and plays a role in several biological processes such as cell cycle, cell proliferation, or maintenance of chromosome stability. Recognizes and ubiquitinates BIRC2 and the cell cycle regulator DLGAP5. Plays a role downstream of PINK1 in the clearance of damaged mitochondria via selective autophagy (mitophagy) by targeting PRKN to dysfunctional depolarized mitochondria. Promotes MFN1 ubiquitination. Mediates the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of UXT isoform 2, thereby impairing the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway. Inhibits NF- kappa-B pathway also by promoting the ubiquitinatioin of TRAF2 (By similarity). Affects the assembly state and activity of the proteasome in the cells including neurons by ubiquitinating the proteasomal subunit PSMA2 via 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains (PubMed:27497298). Promotes 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination SIRT7, leading to the hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondrion Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. A minor proportion is detected in the nucleus. Relocates from the cytosol to depolarized mitochondria (By similarity).


FUNCTION: Palmitoyltransferase involved in cell growth regulation (Ref.8). Contributes to the palmitoylation of CESA3, thus regulating cellulose biosynthesis (PubMed:35644016). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in circadian rhythms, viability and molecular oscillations of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim). Dbt reduces the stability and thus the accumulation of monomeric per proteins, probably through phosphorylation. No evident circadian oscillation is detected in head. Together with CkIalpha, regulates processing of ci by phosphorylating it, which promotes its binding to slmb, the F-box recognition component of the SCF(slmb) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase (PubMed:16326393). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of endogenously produced octanoic acid from octanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein onto the lipoyl domains of lipoate- dependent enzymes. Lipoyl-ACP can also act as a substrate although octanoyl-ACP is likely to be the physiological substrate (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LipB family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyruvate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the germination response to the combination of glucose, fructose, L-asparagine, and KCl. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily. Spore germination protein (SGP) (TC 2.A.3.9) family.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein involved in the Toll-like receptor and IL-1 receptor signaling pathway in the innate immune response. Acts via IRAK1, IRAK2, IRF7 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Increases IL-8 transcription. Involved in IL-18-mediated signaling pathway. Activates IRF1 resulting in its rapid migration into the nucleus to mediate an efficient induction of IFN-beta, NOS2/INOS, and IL12A genes. Upon TLR8 activation by GU-rich single-stranded RNA (GU-rich RNA) derived from viruses, induces IL1B release through NLRP3 inflammasome activation (By similarity). MyD88-mediated signaling in intestinal epithelial cells is crucial for maintenance of gut homeostasis and controls the expression of the antimicrobial lectin REG3G in the small intestine (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FrsA family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIM24 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible phosphatidyl group transfer from one phosphatidylglycerol molecule to another to form cardiolipin (CL) (diphosphatidylglycerol) and glycerol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase D family. Cardiolipin synthase subfamily. ClsA sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Important role in determination of the surface properties of the casein micelles. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-casein family.


FUNCTION: Required for phyA-controlled responses to continuous far-red light (FRc) conditions, including the inhibition of hypocotyl elongation and the regulation of XTH15/XTR7 expression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes sphingomyelin in addition to phosphatidylcholine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial phospholipase C family.


FUNCTION: Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Its toxic effect is neutralized by coexpression with cognate antitoxin ParD1 (By similarity). FUNCTION: Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Upon expression in E.coli inhibits cell growth and colony formation. Its toxic effect is neutralized by coexpression with cognate antitoxin ParD1. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RelE toxin family.


FUNCTION: May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids. Since the purified porcine enzyme has very little activity towards hydrogen peroxide or organic hydroperoxides the protective effect is not likely to be exerted by its enzymatic activity. Instead, may protect sperm from premature acrosome reaction in the epididymis by binding to lipid peroxides, which might otherwise interact with phospholipase A2 and induce the acrosome reaction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family.


FUNCTION: Promotes efficient viral genome replication by accelerating both G1 and S phase progression of the cell cycle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. Host nucleus.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that is involved in regulation of organogenesis. Seems to be a regulator for SIX1 and SIX6. Seems to act as a corepressor of SIX6 in regulating proliferation by directly repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including the p27Kip1 promoter. Is recruited with SIX6 to the p27Kip1 promoter in embryonal retina. SIX6 corepression seems also to involve NCOR1, TBL1, HDAC1 and HDAC3. May be involved together with PAX3, SIX1, and EYA2 in regulation of myogenesis. In the developing somite, expression of DACH2 and PAX3 is regulated by the overlying ectoderm, and DACH2 and PAX3 positively regulate each other's expression (By similarity). Probably binds to DNA via its DACHbox-N domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DACH/dachshund family.


FUNCTION: Kinesin family member that is involved in spindle formation and the movements of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Binds to microtubules and to DNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0398 family.


FUNCTION: Contributes to mitotic spindle assembly, maintenance of centrosome integrity and completion of cytokinesis as part of the HAUS augmin-like complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Localizes to interphase centrosomes and to mitotic spindle microtubules. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAUS2 family.


FUNCTION: Structural protein that is not essential for the viral replication either in tissue culture or in its natural host. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the coronaviruses I protein family.


FUNCTION: Probably catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-ascorbate-6-P into 3- keto-L-gulonate-6-P. Is essential for L-ascorbate utilization under anaerobic conditions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UlaG family.


FUNCTION: Calcium, potassium:sodium antiporter that transports 1 Ca(2+) and 1 K(+) to the melanosome in exchange for 4 cytoplasmic Na(+) (By similarity). Involved in pigmentation, possibly by participating in ion transport in melanosomes (PubMed:16357253). Predominant sodium-calcium exchanger in melanocytes (PubMed:16357253). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Melanosome Note=Enriched in late-stage melanosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC24A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the secretory pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Cytoplasm. Note=Localizes at the plasma membrane and in the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the syntaxin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thaumatin family.


FUNCTION: High-affinity transporter for the intake of thiamine (PubMed:11481326, PubMed:11592824, PubMed:12393806, PubMed:22194418, PubMed:12031504, PubMed:24961373). Essential for spermatogenesis (PubMed:14567973, PubMed:14738878). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the reduced folate carrier (RFC) transporter (TC 2.A.48) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the early to middle stages of 60S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Core component of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (snoRNP) particles. Required for the biogenesis of box C/D snoRNAs such U3, U8 and U14 snoRNAs. Part of the small subunit (SSU) processome, first precursor of the small eukaryotic ribosomal subunit. During the assembly of the SSU processome in the nucleolus, many ribosome biogenesis factors, an RNA chaperone and ribosomal proteins associate with the nascent pre-rRNA and work in concert to generate RNA folding, modifications, rearrangements and cleavage as well as targeted degradation of pre-ribosomal RNA by the RNA exosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NOP5/NOP56 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the RFC clamp loader complex which loads the PCNA sliding clamp onto DNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the activator 1 small subunits family. RfcS subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required to suppress inappropriate homologous recombination, thereby playing a central role DNA repair and in the maintenance of genomic stability. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Localizes to chromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PARI family.


FUNCTION: [Disintegrin trimucrin]: Inhibits platelet aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and collagen. Acts by inhibiting fibrinogen interaction with platelet receptors GPIIb/GPIIIa (ITGA2B/ITGB3). FUNCTION: [Snake venom metalloproteinase TM-3]: Potent fibrinogenolytic protease which cleaves mainly the Aalpha chain of fibrinogen (FGA) and slightly the Bbeta (FGB) and the gamma (FGG) chains (PubMed:8193588, PubMed:7488093). May possess hemorrhagic activity (PubMed:7488093). Compared to other SVMP, the substrate-binding pocket is relatively shallow (PubMed:12077431). Is less susceptible to tripeptide inhibitors than TM-1 (AC U3KRG1) and TM-2 (PubMed:9703966). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom metalloproteinase (M12B) family. P-II subfamily. P-IIa sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Key structural protein of the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:33301566). The membrane cisternae of the Golgi apparatus adhere to each other to form stacks, which are aligned side by side to form the Golgi ribbon (PubMed:33301566). Acting in concert with GORASP2/GRASP55, is required for the formation and maintenance of the Golgi ribbon, and may be dispensable for the formation of stacks (PubMed:33301566). However, other studies suggest that GORASP1 plays an important role in assembly and membrane stacking of the cisternae, and in the reassembly of Golgi stacks after breakdown during mitosis (By similarity). Caspase-mediated cleavage of GORASP1 is required for fragmentation of the Golgi during apoptosis (By similarity). Also mediates, via its interaction with GOLGA2/GM130, the docking of transport vesicles with the Golgi membranes (PubMed:16489344). Mediates ER stress-induced unconventional (ER/Golgi-independent) trafficking of core-glycosylated CFTR to cell membrane (PubMed:21884936). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Endoplasmic reticulum- Golgi intermediate compartment membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GORASP family.


FUNCTION: Binds to sigma F and blocks its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma F). Phosphorylates SpoIIAA on a serine residue. This phosphorylation may enable SpoIIAA to act as an anti- anti-sigma factor that counteracts SpoIIAB and thus releases sigma F from inhibition. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anti-sigma-factor family.


FUNCTION: Has a dual function in oocytes: as a DNA-binding protein, binds to the Y-box sequence (CTGATTGGCCAA) in the promoters of target genes to stimulate transcription. May also function at CCAAT-containing promoters that lack the consensus Y-box sequence. Also binds mRNA to promote accumulation of the transcripts it contributes to produce. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Either free or associated with ribonucleoprotein particles.


FUNCTION: Conducts the efflux of threonine. FUNCTION: Conducts the efflux of threonine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Rht family.


FUNCTION: Involved in DNA mismatch repair in slow-growing cells. Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the base subcomplex of the 19S regulatory complex (RC) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the proteasome subunit S5B/HSM3 family.


FUNCTION: Specifically binds 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), suggesting that it acts as a specific reader of 5hmC. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat DDB2/WDR76 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=The C-terminus is located in the intermembrane space, while the location of the N-terminus has not been determined yet. As some programs predict the presence of 2 closely apposed membrane domains, it has been proposed that the protein may cross the membrane twice and that both termini may face the intermembrane space (PubMed:22114354). Enriched at crista junctions. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic10 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the dark-operative protochlorophyllide reductase (DPOR) that uses Mg-ATP and reduced ferredoxin to reduce ring D of protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to form chlorophyllide a (Chlide). This reaction is light-independent. The NB-protein (ChlN-ChlB) is the catalytic component of the complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ChlB/BchB/BchZ family.


FUNCTION: May act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator and play a role in the integration of information within the brain. May be involved in the control of visceral muscles due to its ability to behave as potent inhibitors of peristaltic movements. May also fulfill a neurohormonal role on muscles of the gut and heart. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the allatostatin family.


FUNCTION: Sugar transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.


FUNCTION: Atypical histone H2A which replaces conventional H2A during late spermatogenesis and is involved in the replacement of histones to protamine in male germ cells (PubMed:28366643). Core component of nucleosome: nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template (PubMed:19506029). Nucleosomes containing H2AB1 only wrap 130 bp of DNA, compared to 147 bp for classical nucleosomes (PubMed:19506029). In condensing spermatids, the heterodimer between H2AB1 and H2BC1/TH2B is loaded onto the nucleosomes and promotes loading of transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) onto the nucleosomes (PubMed:28366643). Inclusion of the H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer into chromatin opens the nucleosomes, releasing the nucleosomal DNA ends and allowing the invasion of nucleosomes by transition proteins (TNP1 and TNP2) (PubMed:28366643). Then, transition proteins drive the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction (PubMed:28366643). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Specifically localizes to the pericentric regions in condensing spermatids (PubMed:17261847). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H2A family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from an unknown electron donor, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory and/or the photosynthetic chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 23 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Antibacterial protein. Putative acid-stable proteinase inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Involved in inositol deacylation of GPI-anchored proteins. GPI inositol deacylation may important for efficient transport of GPI- anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GPI inositol-deacylase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Associates predominantly in the form of large cytoplasmic complexes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GID8 family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain (PubMed:25759169). F-type ATP synthases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk (PubMed:27791192). During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation (By similarity). Part of the complex F(1) domain and the central stalk which is part of the complex rotary element (By similarity). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha/ATP1(3)beta/ATP2(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta/ATP2 subunits (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side Note=The F-type ATP synthase complex is anchored in the mitochondrial inner membrane via the F(0) domain with the F(1) domain and the peripheral stalk extending into the mitochondrial matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase epsilon chain family.


FUNCTION: Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton. May play an important role in regulating the organization of actin filaments by preferentially binding to a specific tropomyosin isoform at its N-terminus (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=In myofibrils with sarcomeric structure, localizes to the pointed end of actin thin filaments. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tropomodulin family.


FUNCTION: Functional viral IL-10 homolog. Can bind to the human IL-10 receptor and compete with human IL-10 for binding sites. Requires both subunits of the human IL-10 receptor complex to induce signal transduction events and biological activities. IL-10 signaling pathway has several immunosuppressive activities that are exploited by the virus. Inhibits TLR-induced type I interferon production in host plasmacytoid dendritic cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-10 family.


FUNCTION: Trans-activating factor involved in the late regulation of the P1 lytic growth cycle. May be the transcriptional activator of all late P1 functions.


FUNCTION: Nuclear matrix protein which forms MORC3-NBs (nuclear bodies) via an ATP-dependent mechanism and plays a role in innate immunity by restricting different viruses through modulation of the IFN response. Mechanistically, possesses a primary antiviral function through a MORC3-regulated element that activates IFNB1, and this function is guarded by a secondary IFN-repressing function. Sumoylated MORC3-NBs associates with PML-NBs and recruits TP53 and SP100, thus regulating TP53 activity (PubMed:17332504). Binds RNA in vitro. Histone methylation reader which binds to non-methylated (H3K4me0), monomethylated (H3K4me1), dimethylated (H3K4me2) and trimethylated (H3K4me3) 'Lys-4' on histone H3. The order of binding preference is H3K4me3 > H3K4me2 > H3K4me1 > H3K4me0. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm Nucleus matrix Nucleus, PML body Chromosome Note=Also found in PML-independent nuclear bodies. Localization to nuclear bodies is ATP-dependent.


FUNCTION: Coactivator of Warts (Wts) kinase in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo)signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki)oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activity of the transcriptional complex formed by Scalloped (sd) and Yki and the target genes of this pathway include cyclin-E (cycE), diap1 and bantam. Mats is essential for early development and is required for proper chromosomal segregation in developing embryos. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. Nucleus. Cytoplasm, cytosol. Cell membrane. Note=Colocalizes with wts and cyclin E at the centrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MOB1/phocein family.


FUNCTION: N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase involved in the Golgi- specific modification of N-linked glycans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein Vacuole membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GNT1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of endocytosis and in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Together with snx4, involved in autophagosome assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Early endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sorting nexin family.


FUNCTION: Forms part of a complex involved in intraflagellar transport (IFT), the bi-directional movement of particles required for the assembly, maintenance and functioning of primary cilia. May play a role in chondrocyte maturation and skeletogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body. Cell projection, cilium. Note=Expression is concentrated at the cilium basal body but is also detected along the length of the cilium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IFT46 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Reduces sulfate for Cys biosynthesis. Substrate preference is adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS) >> 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'- phosphosulfate (PAPS). Uses glutathione or DTT as source of protons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the APS reductase family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that regulates the expression of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of cichorine, a phytotoxin active against knapweed, corn, and soybeans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of casein kinase II/CK2. As part of the kinase complex regulates the basal catalytic activity of the alpha subunit a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the casein kinase 2 subunit beta family.


FUNCTION: Adds the glucose(II) group on the galactose(I) group of LPS. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.


FUNCTION: Digests double-stranded RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IIV-6 142R family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes agarose to yield predominantly neoagarotetraose and neoagarohexaose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 50 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IS150/IS1296 orfA family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. GpmB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of fructose-l- phosphate to fructose-l,6-bisphosphate. Involved in the utilization of fructose as a sole carbon and energy source. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.


FUNCTION: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins (By similarity). Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase) (By similarity). Exhibits catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2- and 4-hydroxy E2 (PubMed:23821647). Metabolizes testosterone and progesterone to B or D ring hydroxylated metabolites (By similarity). May act as a major enzyme for all-trans retinoic acid biosynthesis in extrahepatic tissues. Catalyzes two successive oxidative transformation of all-trans retinol to all-trans retinal and then to the active form all-trans retinoic acid (By similarity). Catalyzes the epoxidation of double bonds of certain PUFA. Converts arachidonic acid toward epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EpETrE) regioisomers, 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15- EpETrE, that function as lipid mediators in the vascular system (PubMed:20972997). Additionally, displays dehydratase activity toward oxygenated eicosanoids including hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoates (HpETEs). This activity is independent of cytochrome P450 reductase, NADPH, and O2 (By similarity). Also involved in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics, particularly converting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aryl amines procarcinogens to DNA- damaging products (By similarity). Plays an important role in retinal vascular development. Under ambient/hyperoxic O2 conditions, promotes angiogenesis and capillary morphogenesis of retinal endothelial cells and pericytes, likely by metabolizing the oxygenated products symptomatic of oxidative stress (By similarity). Also, contributes to oxidative homeostasis and ultrastructural organization and function of trabecular meshwork tissue through modulation of POSTN expression (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Microsome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Mitochondrion Note=Located primarily in endoplasmic reticulum. Upon treatment with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), CYP1B1 is also targeted to mitochondria. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Functions in the late secretory pathway. Required for the generation of secretory vesicles as well as for actin polarization and polarized growth (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AVL9 family.


FUNCTION: Controls the transcription of genes involved in arginine and lysine metabolism. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family.


FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA). This may be a 5' to 3' ssDNA exonuclease (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR-associated exonuclease Cas4 family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Essential for the assembly of the photosystem I (PSI) complex. May act as a chaperone-like factor to guide the assembly of the PSI subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ycf3 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the Notch signaling pathway as Notch ligand (PubMed:11134954). Activates NOTCH1 and NOTCH4. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting (By similarity). Essential for retinal progenitor proliferation. Required for suppressing rod fates in late retinal progenitors as well as for proper generation of other retinal cell types (PubMed:22323600). During spinal cord neurogenesis, inhibits V2a interneuron fate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Involved in the secretion of the Ipa antigens. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YscJ lipoprotein family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a regulator of store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) at junctional sites that connect the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM), called ER-plasma membrane (ER-PM) junction or cortical ER (PubMed:26322679, PubMed:26644574). SOCE is a Ca(2+) influx following depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (PubMed:26322679). Acts by interacting with STIM1, promoting STIM1 conformational switch (PubMed:26322679). Involved in STIM1 relocalization to ER-PM junctions (PubMed:26644574). Contributes to the maintenance and reorganization of store-dependent ER-PM junctions (PubMed:26644574). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Colocalizes with STIM1 at ER-plasma membrane (ER-PM) junctions, also called cortical endoplasmic reticulum (ER), in store-depleted calcium cells (PubMed:26644574). May translocate to ER-PM junctions in a STIM1-dependent manner in store- depleted cells (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STIMATE family.


FUNCTION: Required for anaerobic carnitine reduction. May bring reductant to CaiA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ETF alpha-subunit/FixB family.


FUNCTION: Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor.


FUNCTION: Functions as a component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) (By similarity). NPC components, collectively referred to as nucleoporins (NUPs), can play the role of both NPC structural components and of docking or interaction partners for transiently associated nuclear transport factors (PubMed:35852146). Thereby required for nuclear import (PubMed:35852146). Required for the proper organization of chromosomes on the mitotic spindle during anaphase (PubMed:28122936). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nuclear pore complex Nucleus membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nup35 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of cis-abienol, a labdane diterpene that can be used as synthesis precursor of ambergris substitution fragance products. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


FUNCTION: Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. Deformed subfamily.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase that inhibits ADP- and collagen- induced human platelet aggregation. This inhibition is completely inhibited by abolition of catalytic activity in case of collagen as inducer and partially inhibited in case of ADP as inducer. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3- sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group II subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM110 family.


FUNCTION: N-methyltransferase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product (PubMed:28763571, PubMed:31150155). The first step in the pathway is the decarboxylation of L-tryptophan to tryptamine by the decarboxylase psiD (PubMed:28763571, PubMed:31150155). 4-hydroxy-L- tryptophan is accepted as substrate by psiD as well (PubMed:28763571). The cytochrome P450 monooxygenase psiH then converts tryptamine to 4- hydroxytryptamine (PubMed:28763571). The kinase psiK catalyzes the 4-O- phosphorylation step by converting 4-hydroxytryptamine into norbaeocystin (PubMed:28763571, PubMed:31150155). The methyltransferase psiM then catalyzes iterative methyl transfer to the amino group of norbaeocystin to yield psilocybin via a monomethylated intermediate, baeocystin (PubMed:28763571, PubMed:31150155). 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-l- tryptophancan also be converted the decarboxylase PsiD, kinase PsiK, and methyltransferase PsiM into respectively 6-methyl-norbaeocystin, 6- methylbaeocystin, and 6-methylpsilocybin (PubMed:31150155). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. METTL16/RlmF family.


FUNCTION: Orphan receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 3 family. GABA-B receptor subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 5]: Inhibits the protease activity of CAPN3. FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Inhibits the protease activity of CAPN3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 5]: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere.


FUNCTION: Involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Translocates lipid A-core from the inner to the outer leaflet of the inner membrane. Transmembrane domains (TMD) form a pore in the inner membrane and the ATP-binding domain (NBD) is responsible for energy generation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Lipid exporter (TC 3.A.1.106) family.


FUNCTION: The C-terminal section of a specificity (S) subunit of a type I methyltransferase (MTase); this subunit dictates DNA sequence specificity. The single R subunit has multiple frameshifts and is probably not expressed. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-I restriction system S methylase family.


FUNCTION: The nitrate reductase enzyme complex allows E.coli to use nitrate as an electron acceptor during anaerobic growth. The gamma chain is a membrane-embedded heme-iron unit resembling cytochrome b, which transfers electrons from quinones to the beta subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: May be a component of the protein machinery at the inhibitory synapses, probably acting as a scaffold. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic density. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the INSYN1 family.


FUNCTION: Major facilitator-type transporter; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of psilocybin, a psychotropic tryptamine-derived natural product (PubMed:28763571). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. TCR/Tet family.


FUNCTION: Growth factor involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of osteoblast differentiation via SMAD2/3 pathway. Plays an inhibitory role in the process of adipogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


FUNCTION: NADH-dependent oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal. Plays a role in the regulation of cardiac and skeletal muscle metabolic functions. Maintains Ca(2+) intracellular homeostasis by repressing Ca(2+) release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in myotubes, possibly through local alternations in NAD/NADH or retinol/retinal. Also plays a role in Ca(2+) homeostasis by controlling Ca(2+) overload in the cytosol and the SR in myotubes. Involved in glucose uptake into skeletal muscles and muscle performance by activating PI3K and mTORC2-mediated AKT1 phosphorylation signaling pathways, possibly through the action of its downstream catalytic product all-trans-retinoic acid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane Note=The N-terminus region encompasses a short hydrophobic sequence bound to the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, whereas the C-terminus catalytic domain faces the myoplasm. In skeletal muscle, enriched in the longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of beta-alanine. BauR activates the transcription of the bauABCD operon. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LysR transcriptional regulatory family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BetVI family.


FUNCTION: Ubiquitin exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair; Lys-11-linked is involved in ERAD (endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation) and in cell- cycle regulation; Lys-29-linked is involved in lysosomal degradation; Lys-33-linked is involved in kinase modification; Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome; Lys-63-linked is involved in endocytosis, DNA-damage responses as well as in signaling processes leading to activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored- polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin family.


FUNCTION: Key enzyme in heme biosynthesis. Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of propionic acid side chains of rings A and B of coproporphyrinogen III (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aerobic coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase family.


FUNCTION: Beta toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing (PubMed:31734253). This toxin acts on human Nav1.2/SCN2A, Nav1.4/SCN4A and Nav1.6/SCN8A voltage-gated sodium channels (PubMed:31734253). Also, it reduces the peak of sodium currents in Nav1.5/SCN5A at all potentials (PubMed:31734253). In vivo, is lethal to mice when intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 5ug (PubMed:31734253). No activity is observed when injected into crickets or woodlice (PubMed:31734253). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family. Beta subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Neuromedin precursor-related peptide 33]: Does not function as a ligand for either NMUR1 or NMUR2. Indirectly induces prolactin release although its potency is much lower than that of neuromedin precursor-related peptide 36. FUNCTION: Stimulates muscle contractions of specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. FUNCTION: [Neuromedin precursor-related peptide 36]: Does not function as a ligand for either NMUR1 or NMUR2. Indirectly induces prolactin release from lactotroph cells in the pituitary gland, probably via the hypothalamic dopaminergic system. FUNCTION: [Neuromedin-U-23]: Ligand for receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2 (By similarity). Stimulates muscle contractions of specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NmU family.


FUNCTION: Transfers the sialyl group (N-acetyl-alpha-neuraminyl or NeuAc) from CMP-NeuAc to the GalNAc residue on the NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal- beta-1,3-GalNAc sequence of glycoproteins and glycolipids forming an alpha-2,6-linkage. Produces branched type disialyl structures by transfer of a sialyl group onto a GalNAc residue inside the backbone core chains (PubMed:10207017, PubMed:10601645). Prefers O-glycans to glycoproteins or glycolipids (PubMed:10207017). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family.


FUNCTION: Multidrug resistance transporter involved in resistance to azole antifungal drugs such as the imidazoles miconazole, ketoconazole, and tioconazole; as well as the triazoles itraconazole and fluconazole (PubMed:26512119). Also plays a role in the resistance to other antifungal drug families such as the polyene amphotericin B, the pyrimide analog flucytosine, the fungicide mancozeb, and the polyamine spermine (PubMed:26512119). Decreases the intracellular accumulation of clotrimazole by mediating its extrusion from cells (PubMed:26512119). Plays a role in biofilm formation (PubMed:27780306). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. DHA1 family. Polyamines/proton antiporter (TC 2.A.1.2.16) subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-48-linked is involved in protein degradation via the proteasome. Linear polymer chains formed via attachment by the initiator Met lead to cell signaling. Ubiquitin is usually conjugated to Lys residues of target proteins, however, in rare cases, conjugation to Cys or Ser residues has been observed. When polyubiquitin is free (unanchored- polyubiquitin), it also has distinct roles, such as in activation of protein kinases, and in signaling (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Large ribosomal subunit protein eL40]: Component of the 60S subunit of the ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Ubiquitin]: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Large ribosomal subunit protein eL40]: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL40 family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the ubiquitin family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a chemokine-like protein by regulating cell proliferation and migration through activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as S1PR2 and FPR2 (By similarity). Stimulates chemotactic migration of macrophages mediated by the MAPK3/ERK1 and AKT1 pathway (By similarity). Blocks TNFSF11/RANKL-induced osteoclast formation from macrophages by inhibiting up-regulation of osteoclast fusogenic and differentiation genes (By similarity). Stimulation of macrophage migration and inhibition of osteoclast formation is mediated via GPCR FPR2 (By similarity). Acts as an adipokine by negatively regulating vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and migration in response to platelet-derived growth factor stimulation via GPCR S1PR2 and G protein GNA12/GNA13-transmitted RHOA signaling (By similarity). Inhibits injury-induced cell proliferation and neointima formation in the femoral arteries (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TAFA family.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex. Required for the normal activation of the FA pathway, leading to monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex in response to DNA damage, cellular resistance to DNA cross-linking drugs, and prevention of chromosomal breakage. In complex with CENPS (MHF heterodimer), crucial cofactor for FANCM in both binding and ATP-dependent remodeling of DNA. Stabilizes FANCM. In complex with CENPS and FANCM (but not other FANC proteins), rapidly recruited to blocked forks and promotes gene conversion at blocked replication forks (By similarity). In complex with CENPS, CENPT and CENPW (CENP-T-W-S-X heterotetramer), involved in the formation of a functional kinetochore outer plate, which is essential for kinetochore-microtubule attachment and faithful mitotic progression (PubMed:19620631, PubMed:22304917). As a component of MHF and CENP-T-W-S-X complexes, binds DNA and bends it to form a nucleosome-like structure. DNA-binding function is fulfilled in the presence of CENPS, with the following preference for DNA substates: Holliday junction > double-stranded > splay arm > single-stranded. Does not bind DNA on its own (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=Assembly of CENPS and CENPX and its partner subunits CENPT and CENPW at centromeres occurs through a dynamic exchange mechanism. Although exchange is continuous in the cell cycle, de novo assembly starts principally during mid-late S phase and is complete by G2. CENPX being less stably bound at the kinetochore than CENPS. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CENP-X/MHF2 family.


FUNCTION: Multivalent scaffold protein that anchors the cAMP-dependent protein kinase/PKA to cytoskeletal and/or organelle-associated proteins, targeting the signal carried by cAMP to specific intracellular effectors. Association with the beta2-adrenergic receptor (beta2-AR) not only regulates beta2-AR signaling pathway, but also the activation by PKA by switching off the beta2-AR signaling cascade. Plays a role in long term synaptic potentiation by regulating protein trafficking from the dendritic recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane and controlling both structural and functional plasticity at excitatory synapses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic recycling endosome membrane; Lipid-anchor Note=Associates with lipid rafts.


FUNCTION: Beta-glucanases participate in the metabolism of beta-glucan, the main structural component of the cell wall. Acts on lutean, pustulan and 1,6-oligo-beta-D-glucosides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.


FUNCTION: Participates in initiation and elongation during chromosome replication; it exhibits DNA-dependent ATPase activity and contains distinct active sites for ATP binding, DNA binding, and interaction with DnaC protein, primase, and other prepriming proteins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. DnaB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the OsmU ABC transporter complex, which is involved in the uptake of osmoprotectants such as choline-O-sulfate and glycine betaine. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the spirotetramate antibiotics pyrroindomycins. Catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization forming the spiro-conjugate moiety in pyrroindomycins, via an exo- selective [4+2] cycloaddition reaction.


FUNCTION: IFN-induced antiviral protein which disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm by preventing viral fusion with cholesterol depleted endosomes. May inactivate new enveloped viruses which buds out of the infected cell, by letting them go out with a cholesterol depleted membrane. Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronaviruses (SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2), Marburg virus (MARV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV), West Nile virus (WNV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (PubMed:26354436, PubMed:33270927, PubMed:33239446). Can inhibit: influenza virus hemagglutinin protein- mediated viral entry, MARV and EBOV GP1,2-mediated viral entry, SARS- CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S protein-mediated viral entry and VSV G protein- mediated viral entry (PubMed:33270927). Plays a critical role in the structural stability and function of vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase). Establishes physical contact with the v-ATPase of endosomes which is critical for proper clathrin localization and is also required for the function of the v-ATPase to lower the pH in phagocytic endosomes thus establishing an antiviral state. In hepatocytes, IFITM proteins act in a coordinated manner to restrict HCV infection by targeting the endocytosed HCV virion for lysosomal degradation (PubMed:26354436). IFITM2 and IFITM3 display anti-HCV activity that may complement the anti-HCV activity of IFITM1 by inhibiting the late stages of HCV entry, possibly in a coordinated manner by trapping the virion in the endosomal pathway and targeting it for degradation at the lysosome (PubMed:26354436). Exerts opposing activities on SARS-CoV-2, including amphipathicity-dependent restriction of virus at endosomes and amphipathicity-independent enhancement of infection at the plasma membrane (PubMed:33270927). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Late endosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Early endosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Co-localizes with BRI3 isoform 1 at the perinuclear region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family.


FUNCTION: Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. In the absence of an external substrate, it can catalyze self-ubiquitination. Stimulates ubiquitination of potassium channel KCNJ1, enhancing it's dynamin- dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis (By similarity). Acts as a scaffold protein that coordinates with MAPK8IP1/JIP1 in organizing different components of the JNK pathway, including RAC1 or RAC2, MAP3K11/MLK3 or MAP3K7/TAK1, MAP2K7/MKK7, MAPK8/JNK1 and/or MAPK9/JNK2 into a functional multiprotein complex to ensure the effective activation of the JNK signaling pathway (PubMed:12514131). Regulates the differentiation of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and promotes T-helper 1 (Th1) cell differentiation. Regulates the activation of MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2 in CD4(+) T-cells and the activation of MAPK8/JNK1 in CD8(+) T-cells. Plays a crucial role in the migration of neocortical neurons in the developing brain. Controls proper cortical neuronal migration and the formation of proximal cytoplasmic dilation in the leading process (PCDLP) in migratory neocortical neurons by regulating the proper localization of activated RAC1 and F-actin assembly (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell projection, lamellipodium Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network Note=Colocalizes, with AKT2, in lamellipodia. Colocalizes, with HERP1, in trans-Golgi network. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SH3RF family.


FUNCTION: TFIIA is a component of the transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and plays an important role in transcriptional activation. TFIIA in a complex with TBP mediates transcriptional activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TFIIA subunit 1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in protein precursor import into chloroplasts. Imported into the intermembrane space via the Toc translocon. May be involved in the import pathway used by proteins without a cleavable N- terminal pre-sequence. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast intermembrane space; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Tic22 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate. Represses IFIH1- mediated cellular antiviral response.


FUNCTION: The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active -transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. This system is involved in alpha-glucoside transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Inhibits amyloid precursor protein processing, probably by blocking BACE1 activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, which is involved in the assembly of the PIC (pre-initiation complex) during RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription. The rate of PIC formation probably is primarily dependent on the rate of association of SL1/TIF-IB with the rDNA promoter. SL1/TIF-IB is involved in stabilization of nucleolar transcription factor 1/UBTF on rDNA. Formation of SL1/TIF-IB excludes the association of TBP with TFIID subunits (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OpgD/OpgG family.


FUNCTION: Photosystem II (PSII) is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. The D1/D2 (PsbA/PsbD) reaction center heterodimer binds P680, the primary electron donor of PSII as well as several subsequent electron acceptors. D2 is needed for assembly of a stable PSII complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the reaction center PufL/M/PsbA/D family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor for the ars operon. ArsR is a trans-acting regulatory protein which controls its own expression. The repressive effect of ArsR is alleviated by oxyions of +III oxidation state of arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, as well as arsenate (As(V)).


FUNCTION: Antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacterium S.aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. Has activity against C.albicans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Brevinin subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome.


FUNCTION: Glycosidase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Gfo/Idh/MocA family. Glycosyl hydrolase 109 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core, and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. Subunits alpha and beta form the catalytic core in F(1). Rotation of the central stalk against the surrounding alpha(3)beta(3) subunits leads to hydrolysis of ATP in three separate catalytic sites on the beta subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


FUNCTION: Has bacteriostatic activity against L.monocytogenes, E.coli and S.aureus, microbicidial activity against L.monocytogenes and S.aureus and antifungal activity against C.neoformans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-defensin family.


FUNCTION: Is required not only for elongation of protein synthesis but also for the initiation of all mRNA translation through initiator tRNA(fMet) aminoacylation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. MetG type 2A subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Protein hedgehog N-product]: The dually lipidated hedgehog protein N-product is a morphogen which is essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Establishes the anterior- posterior axis of the embryonic segments and patterns the larval imaginal disks. Binds to the patched (ptc) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (smo), to activate the transcription of target genes wingless (wg), decapentaplegic (dpp) and ptc. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Essential component of a signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune response to bacterial uracil; required to activate Cad99C-dependent endosome formation, norpA- dependent Ca2+ mobilization and p38 MAPK, which are essential steps in the Duox-dependent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to intestinal bacterial infection. During photoreceptor differentiation, it up-regulates transcription of Ubr3, which in turn promotes the hh-signaling pathway by mediating the ubiquitination and degradation of cos. FUNCTION: [Protein hedgehog]: The C-terminal part of the hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis activity that results in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (N-product and C-product) (By similarity). In addition, the C-terminal part displays a cholesterol transferase activity that results by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated N-product (By similarity). Once cleaved, the C-product has no signaling activity and diffuses from the cell (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Nuclear up to embryonic stage 10 and then at stage 11 shifts to the cytoplasm. Also secreted in either cleaved or uncleaved form to mediate signaling to other cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Protein hedgehog N-product]: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Note=The N-terminal peptide remains associated with the cell surface. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix play an essential role in diffusion. Lipophorin is required for diffusion, probably by acting as vehicle for its movement, explaining how it can spread over long distances despite its lipidation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hedgehog family.


FUNCTION: V region of the variable domain of T cell receptor (TR) alpha chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Alpha-beta T cell receptors are antigen specific receptors which are essential to the immune response and are present on the cell surface of T lymphocytes. Recognize peptide-major histocompatibility (MH) (pMH) complexes that are displayed by antigen presenting cells (APC), a prerequisite for efficient T cell adaptive immunity against pathogens (PubMed:25493333). Binding of alpha-beta TR to pMH complex initiates TR-CD3 clustering on the cell surface and intracellular activation of LCK that phosphorylates the ITAM motifs of CD3G, CD3D, CD3E and CD247 enabling the recruitment of ZAP70. In turn ZAP70 phosphorylates LAT, which recruits numerous signaling molecules to form the LAT signalosome. The LAT signalosome propagates signal branching to three major signaling pathways, the calcium, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase and the nuclear factor NF-kappa-B (NF-kB) pathways, leading to the mobilization of transcription factors that are critical for gene expression and essential for T cell growth and differentiation (PubMed:23524462). The T cell repertoire is generated in the thymus, by V-(D)-J rearrangement. This repertoire is then shaped by intrathymic selection events to generate a peripheral T cell pool of self-MH restricted, non-autoaggressive T cells. Post-thymic interaction of alpha-beta TR with the pMH complexes shapes TR structural and functional avidity (PubMed:15040585). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane.


FUNCTION: Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Antp homeobox family. Proboscipedia subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator involved in different processes such as glucose metabolism, aerobic glycolysis and autophagy (By similarity). Recognizes and binds the forkhead DNA sequence motif (5'- GTAAACA-3') and can both act as a transcription activator or repressor, depending on the context (By similarity). Acts as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming towards aerobic glycolysis, a process in which glucose is converted to lactate in the presence of oxygen. Acts as a negative regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in response to starvation, enters the nucleus, binds the promoters of autophagy genes and represses their expression, preventing proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protamine P1 family.


FUNCTION: May regulate endogenous transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Note=Localizes to the parasite digestive vacuole, the site of chloroquine action. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRT-like transporter family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes diesterification of phthiocerol, phthiodiolone, and phenolphthiocerol with mycocerosic acids, the final step in the phthiocerol, phthiodiolone and phenolphthiocerol dimycocerosate esters (PDIM) synthesis. Can directly transfer the mycocerosate bound to the mycocerosic acid synthase (mas) onto the substrate alcohols. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyltransferase PapA5 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase family.


FUNCTION: DNA repair enzyme that is part of the base excision repair (BER) pathway; protects from oxidative damage by removing the major product of DNA oxidation, 8-oxoguanine (GO), from single- and double- stranded DNA substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal N-glycosylase/DNA lyase (AGOG) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of butyryl-CoA through butyryl phosphate to butyrate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetokinase family.


FUNCTION: Inactivates phosphinothricin (PPT) by transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl CoA. Can also acetylate demethylphosphinothricin but not PTT or glutamate. This enzyme is an effector of phosphinothricin tripeptide (PTT or bialaphos) resistance. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acetyltransferase family. PAT/BAR subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall. Cell outer membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PMP outer membrane protein family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits sodium channels (Nav). Has antimicrobial activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family.


FUNCTION: Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-binding protein, which may be involved in intracellular homeostatic regulation of pyridoxal 5'- phosphate (PLP), the active form of vitamin B6. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pyridoxal phosphate-binding protein YggS/PROSC family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible conversion of ribose-5-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose 5-phosphate isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Forms stable clots in the presence of calcium. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space.


FUNCTION: The terminase large subunit acts as an ATP driven molecular motor necessary for viral DNA translocation into empty capsids and as an endonuclease that cuts the viral genome to initiate and to end a packaging reaction. The terminase lies at a unique vertex of the procapsid and is composed of two subunits, a small terminase subunit involved in viral DNA recognition (packaging sequence), and a large terminase subunit possessing endonucleolytic and ATPase activities. Both terminase subunits heterooligomerize and are docked on the portal protein to form the packaging machine. The terminase large subunit exhibits endonuclease activity and cleaves the viral genome concatemer once the capsid is full (headful packaging). Once the capsid is packaged with the DNA, the terminase complex is substituted by neck proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the T4likevirus large terminase family.


FUNCTION: Necessary for the introduction of cis unsaturation into fatty acids. Catalyzes the dehydration of (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP to E- (2)-decenoyl-ACP and then its isomerization to Z-(3)-decenoyl-ACP. Can catalyze the dehydratase reaction for beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs with saturated chain lengths up to 16:0, being most active on intermediate chain length. FUNCTION: Necessary for the introduction of cis unsaturation into fatty acids. Catalyzes the dehydration of (3R)-3-hydroxydecanoyl-ACP to E- (2)-decenoyl-ACP and then its isomerization to Z-(3)-decenoyl-ACP. Can catalyze the dehydratase reaction for beta-hydroxyacyl-ACPs with saturated chain lengths up to 16:0, being most active on intermediate chain length (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioester dehydratase family. FabA subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioester dehydratase family. FabA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Beta-bungarotoxins are presynaptic neurotoxins of the venom. The B chain is homologous to venom basic protease inhibitors but has no protease inhibitor activity and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom Kunitz-type family.


FUNCTION: Maintains high levels of reduced glutathione in the cytosol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Forms a portal in the viral capsid through which viral DNA is translocated during DNA packaging. Assembles as a dodecamer at a single fivefold axe of the T=16 icosahedric capsid. Binds to the molecular motor that translocates the viral DNA, termed terminase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae portal protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in endosomal protein transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OB-RGRP/VPS55 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prefoldin subunit beta family.


FUNCTION: Required for vacuolar biogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VPS18 family.


FUNCTION: Essential for sperm motility and male fertility (By similarity). Plays an important role in sperm motility by regulating the organization and function of the mitochondria and is also required for correct sperm midpiece assembly (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane Mitochondrion Cell projection, cilium, flagellum Note=Localizes to the midpiece of the sperm flagellum.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ArsB family.


FUNCTION: Mimics host plant CLE extracellular signal peptides that regulate cell fate. May play a role in the differentiation or division of feeding cells (syncytia) induced in plant roots during infection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cytoplasm Host extracellular space Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Note=Present in secretory granules within the dorsal esophageal gland secretory cell and in the dorsal gland ampulla (collecting reservoir) at the base of the nematode stylet. Secreted into host root cells via the nematode stylet to transform the recipient cells into enlarged multinucleate feeding cells called giant-cells or syncytia. Secreted to the host apoplasm from its cytoplasm via a plant secretory pathway (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family.


FUNCTION: Required for leukotriene biosynthesis by ALOX5 (5- lipoxygenase). Anchors ALOX5 to the membrane. Binds arachidonic acid, and could play an essential role in the transfer of arachidonic acid to ALOX5. Binds to MK-886, a compound that blocks the biosynthesis of leukotrienes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAPEG family.


FUNCTION: Irreversibly catalyzes the reduction of fumarate to succinate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system YqgGHIJK. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily.


FUNCTION: Could play a significant role in the signal transduction of hematopoietic cells. May regulate tyrosine kinase activity of SRC- family members in brain by specifically phosphorylating their C- terminal regulatory tyrosine residue which acts as a negative regulatory site. It may play an inhibitory role in the control of T- cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane Note=In platelets, 90% of MATK localizes to the membrane fraction, and translocates to the cytoskeleton upon thrombin stimulation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. CSK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Together with fibrinogen alpha (FGA) and fibrinogen beta (FGB), polymerizes to form an insoluble fibrin matrix. Has a major function in hemostasis as one of the primary components of blood clots. In addition, functions during the early stages of wound repair to stabilize the lesion and guide cell migration during re- epithelialization. Was originally thought to be essential for platelet aggregation, based on in vitro studies using anticoagulated blood. However, subsequent studies have shown that it is not absolutely required for thrombus formation in vivo. Enhances expression of SELP in activated platelets via an ITGB3-dependent pathway. Maternal fibrinogen is essential for successful pregnancy. Fibrin deposition is also associated with infection, where it protects against IFNG-mediated hemorrhage. May also facilitate the antibacterial immune response via both innate and T-cell mediated pathways. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Gap class segmentation protein that controls development of head structures. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hunchback C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MGMT family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of hemimercaptal, formed from methylglyoxal and glutathione, to S-lactoylglutathione. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glyoxalase I family.


FUNCTION: Required to maintain the full capacity of the mycobacterium to respond to oxidative stress via the degradation of oxidation-induced damaged nucleotides. Hydrolyzes all canonical (d)NTPs, as well as mutagenic dUTP and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate (8-oxo-dGTP). Also involved in the transcriptional activation of RelA in response to oxidative stress. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase family.


FUNCTION: C-type monoheme cytochrome, which is part of the SoxAX cytochrome complex involved in sulfur oxidation. The SoxAX complex catalyzes the formation of a heterodisulfide bond between the conserved cysteine residue on a sulfur carrier SoxYZ complex subunit SoxY and thiosulfate or other inorganic sulfur substrates. This leads to the liberation of two electrons, which may be transferred from the SoxAX complex to another cytochrome c that then channels them into the respiratory electron transport chain. Some electrons may be used for reductive CO(2) fixation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SoxA family.


FUNCTION: Prohibitin probably acts as a holdase/unfoldase for the stabilization of newly synthesized mitochondrial proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prohibitin family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate (By similarity). May be involved in the synthesis of betain in response to abiotic stress such as high salinity (PubMed:15695433). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AdoMet synthase family.


FUNCTION: Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways (By similarity). In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal metabolism, influences reproductive function, regulates pancreatic beta-cell function and insulin secretion, is pro-angiogenic for endothelial cell and affects innate and adaptive immunity (By similarity). In the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, activates by depolarization POMC neurons inducing FOS and SOCS3 expression to release anorexigenic peptides and inhibits by hyperpolarization NPY neurons inducing SOCS3 with a consequent reduction on release of orexigenic peptides (By similarity). In addition to its known satiety inducing effect, has a modulatory role in nutrient absorption. In the intestine, reduces glucose absorption by enterocytes by activating PKC and leading to a sequential activation of p38, PI3K and ERK signaling pathways which exerts an inhibitory effect on glucose absorption (By similarity). Acts as a growth factor on certain tissues, through the activation of different signaling pathways increases expression of genes involved in cell cycle regulation such as CCND1, via JAK2-STAT3 pathway, or VEGFA, via MAPK1/3 and PI3K-AKT1 pathways (By similarity). May also play an apoptotic role via JAK2-STAT3 pathway and up- regulation of BIRC5 expression. Pro-angiogenic, has mitogenic activity on vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in matrix remodeling by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In innate immunity, modulates the activity and function of neutrophils by increasing chemotaxis and the secretion of oxygen radicals. Increases phagocytosis by macrophages and enhances secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. Increases cytotoxic ability of NK cells. Plays a pro-inflammatory role, in synergy with IL1B, by inducing NOS2 wich promotes the production of IL6, IL8 and Prostaglandin E2, through a signaling pathway that involves JAK2, PI3K, MAP2K1/MEK1 and MAPK14/p38 (By similarity). In adaptive immunity, promotes the switch of memory T-cells towards T helper-1 cell immune responses (By similarity). Increases CD4(+)CD25(-) T-cell proliferation and reduces autophagy during TCR (T-cell receptor) stimulation, through MTOR signaling pathway activation and BCL2 up- regulation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leptin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KIN17 family.


FUNCTION: Part of an energy-coupled inorganic carbon pump. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inorganic carbon transporter (TC 9.A.2) DabA family.


FUNCTION: Nucleolar protein that acts as a modulator of rRNA synthesis. Plays a central role during organogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat WDR55 family.


FUNCTION: Deamidates glutamine residues to glutamate on methyl- accepting chemotaxis receptors (MCPs). CheD-mediated MCP deamidation is required for productive communication of the conformational signals of the chemoreceptors to the CheA kinase (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CheD family.


FUNCTION: In the hair cortex, hair keratin intermediate filaments are embedded in an interfilamentous matrix, consisting of hair keratin- associated proteins (KRTAP), which are essential for the formation of a rigid and resistant hair shaft through their extensive disulfide bond cross-linking with abundant cysteine residues of hair keratins. The matrix proteins include the high-sulfur and high-glycine-tyrosine keratins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KRTAP type 7 family.


FUNCTION: Protease with a carboxypeptidase B-like function involved in the C-terminal processing of the lysine and arginine residues from protein precursors. Promotes cell fusion and is involved in the programmed cell death (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S10 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes formation of 2-(5''- triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephosphocoenzyme-A, and then the transfer of this prosthetic group precursor to the apo-acyl carrier protein (gamma chain) of the citrate lyase to yield the holo-acyl carrier protein. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the CitG/MdcB family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the CitX family.


FUNCTION: S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase that has the ability to methylate both RNAs and proteins. Involved in pre-rRNA processing. Utilizes the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to catalyze the site-specific 2'-hydroxyl methylation of ribose moieties in pre-ribosomal RNA. Site specificity is provided by a guide RNA that base pairs with the substrate. Methylation occurs at a characteristic distance from the sequence involved in base pairing with the guide RNA. Also acts as a protein methyltransferase by mediating methylation of 'Gln-105' of histone H2A (H2AQ105me), a modification that impairs binding of the FACT complex and is specifically present at 35S ribosomal DNA locus (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Fibrillar region of the nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.


FUNCTION: Essential for meiotic chromosome segregation. MER1 and MER2 proteins must interact directly or indirectly. MER1 might be responsible for regulating the MER2 gene and/or gene product. MER2 is not required for mitosis and mitotic DNA repair mechanisms. Component of the MER2-MEI4-REC114 complex which seems to be required for meiotic double-strand break (DSB) formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Localizes to chromosomes.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IIV-6 302L family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the TRAMP5 complex which has a poly(A) RNA polymerase activity and is involved in a post-transcriptional quality control mechanism limiting inappropriate expression of genetic information. Polyadenylation is required for the degradative activity of the exosome on several of its nuclear RNA substrates like cryptic transcripts generated by RNA polymerase II and III, or hypomethylated pre-tRNAi-Met. Polyadenylates RNA processing and degradation intermediates of snRNAs, snoRNAs and mRNAs that accumulate in strains lacking a functional exosome. TRF5 is also required for proper nuclear division in mitosis and sister chromatid cohesion. Involved in the regulation of histone mRNA levels. May mediate mitotic chromosome condensation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-B-like family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'- tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the iodothyronine deiodinase family.


FUNCTION: KpsM and KpsT constitute a system for the transport of polysialic acid across the cytoplasmic membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC-2 integral membrane protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the removal of a penultimate prolyl residue from the N-termini of peptides, such as Arg-Pro-Pro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M24B family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4). Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. HDA19 is involved in jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling of pathogen response. Part of a repressor complex including APETALA2 (AP2) and TOPLESS (TPL) that control the expression domains of numerous floral organ identity genes (PubMed:23034631). Involved in negative regulation of salinity stress response (PubMed:29018096). Represses the expression of stress tolerance-related genes, genes coding for late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins that prevent protein aggregation, and positive regulators of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, such as ABI5 and NAC019 (PubMed:29018096). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Note=excluded from the nucleolus, but associated with the condensing chromatids. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for the proteolytic cleavage of the transcription factor RIM101 in response to alkaline ambient pH. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the palH/RIM21 family.


FUNCTION: Inclusion membrane protein probably involved in early modification events of the chlamydial inclusion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host vacuole, host pathogen-containing vacuole, host pathogen-containing vacuole membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Secreted, probably by a type III secretion system (Probable). Localized in the inclusion membrane (PubMed:10447885, PubMed:26416906). Inclusion membrane staining is punctate (PubMed:10447885).


FUNCTION: Effector involved in the disease saprolegniosis in salmonids and other freshwater fish, resulting in considerable economic losses in aquaculture (Probable). Within the host fish cells, Htp1 is involved in the uptake of the S.parasitica effector Htp3 at a neutral pH (pH 7.5) and its release from vesicles into host cytosol where it degrades nucleic acids (PubMed:29904064). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cell Note=Host cell surface binding and uptake is mediated by an interaction with tyrosine-O-sulfate-modified cell surface molecules and not via phospholipids, as has been reported for RxLR-effectors from plant pathogenic oomycetes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: May function as a negative regulator of endoplasmic reticulum-stress induced autophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM208 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex ModABC involved in molybdenum import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Molybdate importer (TC 3.A.1.8) family.


FUNCTION: Non-amphipathic mildly cationic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide with potent activity against Gram-positive (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)) and Gram-negative bacteria, and some fungi, as well as against Trypanosoma and Leishmania (both promastigote and amastigote forms) (PubMed:23116712). Strongly and selectively perturbs anionic bilayer membranes by interacting with the polar head groups and acyl region of the phospholipids, with formation of regions of two coexisting phases, one phase rich in peptide and the other lipid-rich (PubMed:23116712). Shows low hemolytic activity (LC(50)=44 uM) and a low toxicity for human monocytes THP-1 and THP-1-derived macrophages (PubMed:23116712). Is not toxic to human hepatoma-derived cells (PubMed:23116712). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane Note=Deeply inserts into the lipid bilayer. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Temporin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Encapsidates the genome protecting it from nucleases (Probable). The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the nucleocapsid (NC) and serves as template for transcription and replication (Probable). The nucleocapsid has a left-handed helical structure (By similarity). As a trimer, specifically binds and acts as a chaperone to unwind the panhandle structure formed by the viral RNA (vRNA) termini (By similarity). Involved in the transcription and replication initiation of vRNA by mediating primer annealing (By similarity). Plays a role in cap snatching by sequestering capped RNAs in P bodies for use by the viral RdRp during transcription initiation (By similarity). Substitutes for the cellular cap-binding complex (eIF4F) to preferentially facilitate the translation of capped mRNAs (By similarity). Initiates the translation by specifically binding to the cap and 40S ribosomal subunit (By similarity). Prevents the viral glycoprotein N (Gn) from autophagy-dependent breakdown maybe by blocking autophagosome formation (By similarity). Inhibits host EIF2AK2/PKR dimerization to prevent PKR-induced translational shutdown in cells and thus the activation of the antiviral state (By similarity). Also displays sequence-unspecific DNA endonuclease activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host cytoplasm, host perinuclear region Host Golgi apparatus, host cis-Golgi network Note=Internal protein of virus particle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the hantavirus nucleocapsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney (Probable). This protein is also found in snake venom and shown to specifically cleave human and porcine angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. It does not have general protease activity, no cleavage of alpha or beta casein. May be directly responsible for elevation of blood pressure in the victims of envenomation (PubMed:28734982). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Potential odorant receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RLP family.


FUNCTION: GudB seems to be intrinsically inactive, however spontaneous mutations removing a 9-bp direct repeat within the wild-type gudB sequence activated the GudB protein and allowed more-efficient utilization of amino acids of the glutamate family (called gutB1). This 3 amino acid insertion presumably causes severe destabilization of the fold of the protein, leading to an inactive enzyme that is very quickly degraded. The cryptic GudB serves as a buffer that may compensate for mutations in the rocG gene and that can also be decryptified for the utilization of glutamate as a single carbon source in the absence of arginine. It is unable to synthesize glutamate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Glu/Leu/Phe/Val dehydrogenases family.


FUNCTION: Probable transcription regulator (By similarity). Promotes histone acetylation during ethylene signaling in an EIN2-dependent manner, thus regulating positively ethylene-responsive genes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, nucleoplasm.


FUNCTION: Possesses 5'->3' exoribonuclease activity. May promote the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 5'-3' exonuclease family. XRN2/RAT1 subfamily.