FUNCTION: Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution. This endogenous envelope protein has lost its original fusogenic properties. FUNCTION: TM anchors the envelope heterodimer to the viral membrane through one transmembrane domain. The other hydrophobic domain, called fusion peptide, mediates fusion of the viral membrane with the target cell membrane (By similarity). FUNCTION: SU mediates receptor recognition. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Endogenous retrovirus group K member 8 Env polyprotein]: Virion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Surface protein]: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=The surface protein is not anchored to the membrane, but localizes to the extracellular surface through its binding to TM. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Transmembrane protein]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta type-B retroviral envelope protein family. HERV class-II K(HML-2) env subfamily.


FUNCTION: Inhibits the Ras signaling pathway through its intrinsic Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. Acts as a negative feedback inhibitor of the calcineurin signaling pathway that also mediates crosstalk between calcineurin and Ras.


FUNCTION: Probably regulates the expression of genes from the sulfate permease complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the cyanide-resistant oxidation of ubiquinol and the reduction of molecular oxygen to water, but does not translocate protons and consequently is not linked to oxidative phosphorylation. May increase respiration when the cytochrome respiratory pathway is restricted, or in response to low temperatures (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Mitochondrial, possibly in the inner surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alternative oxidase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Bacterial flagellum basal body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flagella basal body rod proteins family.


FUNCTION: An ATP-independent periplasmic chaperone, decreases protein aggregation and helps protein refolding. Binds substrate over a large region. Protect proteins in vitro against tannin inactivation; tannins have antimicrobial activity. Overexpression enhances the stability of otherwise unstable periplasmic proteins (PubMed:21317898). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CpxP/Spy family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the formin-like family. Class-II subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the intramolecular cyclization of bicyclic chalcones into tricyclic (S)-flavanones. Responsible for the isomerization of 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone (also termed chalcone) into naringenin (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chalcone isomerase family.


FUNCTION: This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile 'growth cones' that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell projection, growth cone membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Synapse Cell projection, filopodium membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Perikaryon Cell projection, dendrite Cell projection, axon Cytoplasm Note=Cytoplasmic surface of growth cone and synaptic plasma membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neuromodulin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the photosynthetic apparatus. The light harvesting B740 complex binds bacteriochlorophyll e. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Chlorosome, chlorosome envelope. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BChl C/E-binding protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the generation of internal asymmetric signals required for neuronal polarization and neurite outgrowth. Mediates netrin-1-induced F-actin-substrate coupling or 'clutch engagement' within the axon growth cone through activation of CDC42, RAC1 and PAK1- dependent signaling pathway, thereby converting the F-actin retrograde flow into traction forces, concomitantly with filopodium extension and axon outgrowth. Plays a role in cytoskeletal organization by regulating the subcellular localization of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity at the axonal growth cone. Also plays a role in regenerative neurite outgrowth. In the developing cortex, cooperates with KIF20B to promote both the transition from the multipolar to the bipolar stage and the radial migration of cortical neurons from the ventricular zone toward the superficial layer of the neocortex. Involved in the accumulation of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in the growth cone of primary hippocampal neurons. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Perikaryon Cell projection, axon Cell projection, growth cone Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection, filopodium Cell projection, lamellipodium Note=Localizes in multiple growth cones at neurite tips before the neuronal symmetry-breaking step. Accumulates in growth cones of a single nascent axon in a neurite length-dependent manner during the neuronal symmetry-breaking step; when absent from the nascent axon's siblings, probably due to competitive transport, prevents the formation of surplus axons. Transported anterogradely from the soma to the axon growth cone in an actin and myosin-dependent manner and passively diffuses back to the cell bodies. Colocalized with L1CAM in close apposition with actin filaments in filopodia and lamellipodia of axonal growth cones in hippocampal neurons. Exhibits retrograde movements in filopodia and lamellopodia of axonal growth cones. Colocalized with KIF20B along microtubules to the tip of the growing cone in primary hippocampal neurons. Recruited to the growth cone of developing axon in a KIF20B- and microtubule-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the shootin family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system MprB/MprA which contributes to maintaining a balance among several systems involved in stress resistance and is required for establishment and maintenance of persistent infection in the host. Functions as a transcriptional regulator that recognizes a 19-bp nucleotide motif comprizing two loosely conserved 8-bp direct DNA-binding motif repeats separated by a 3-bp spacer region (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the omega-hydroxylation of various fatty acids (FA). Acts on saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with chain lengths from C12 to C18 but not on hexadecane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in protein transport along the secretory pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RER1 family.


FUNCTION: May function in depolymerizing pectin during pollen development, germination, and tube growth. Acts as an exo- polygalacturonase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Secreted, cell wall. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 28 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor involved in neuronal fate specification. First required in embryonic CNS development to define the number of cells that express apterous (ap) in the ap thoracic cluster of interneurons. Later on, it plays a central role in the combinatorial code of transcription factors that specifies the fate of the Tv neuron in the ap cluster by participating in the transcription regulation of FMRFa in Tv cells. Also required for projection neuron dendritic targeting. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the urocanase family.


FUNCTION: Late protein which probably participates in disulfide bond formation by functioning as a thiol-disulfide transfer protein between membrane-associated OPG072 and OPG08. The complete pathway for formation of disulfide bonds in intracellular virion membrane proteins sequentially involves oxidation of OPG072, OPG128 and OPG08. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG128 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis and the subsequent release of functional polypeptides from their membrane anchors. Known substrate: EFNB3. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Rhomboid-related protein 2, C-terminal fragment]: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S54 family.


FUNCTION: Promotes replication and thereby lytic development by competing with repressor c (Repc) for binding to the internal activation sequence (IAS) in the enhancer/operator region. The outcome of this competition determines if the virus enters latency or starts replication. FUNCTION: Responsible for viral genome integration into the host chromosome. During integration of the incoming virus, DDE-recombinase A cleaves both viral DNA ends and the resulting 3'-OH perform a nucleophilic attack of the host DNA. The 5' flanking DNA attached to the ends of the viral genome (flaps) are resected by the DDE- recombinase A endonuclease activity, with the help of host chaperone ClpX. The gaps created in the host chromosome by the viral genome insertion are repaired by the host primary machinery for double-strand break repair. FUNCTION: Responsible for replication of the viral genome by replicative transposition. During replicative transposition, DDE- recombinase A is part of the transpososome complex. DDE-recombinase A cleaves the viral DNA and the resulting 3'-OH performs a nucleophilic attack of the host DNA. The 5' flanking DNA is not resected and an intermediary structure is formed. This structure is resolved by target- primed replication leading to two copies of the viral genome (the original one and the copied one). Host ClpX and translation initiation factor IF2 play an essential transpososome-remodeling role by releasing the block between transposition and DNA replication. Successive rounds of replicative transposition can lead up to 100 copies of the viral genome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mulikevirus repressor c protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in cyanogenesis, the release of HCN from injured tissues. Catalyzes the stereospecific addition of HCN to a variety of aldehydes in vitro. It is a major seed constituent, and could have the additional role of a storage form for reduced nitrogen (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole, aleurone grain Note=Primarily found within protein bodies of the cotyledonary parenchyma cells, with lesser amounts within the procambium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GMC oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of endogenously produced octanoic acid from octanoyl-acyl-carrier-protein onto the lipoyl domains of lipoate- dependent enzymes. Lipoyl-ACP can also act as a substrate although octanoyl-ACP is likely to be the physiological substrate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LipB family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the AMP portion of ATP to flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to produce flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) coenzyme. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archaeal FAD synthase family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RNAP) catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. The Rpo2 subunit (Rpo2N and Rpo2C in this organism) is implicated in DNA promoter recognition and in nucleotide binding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence. FUNCTION: Involved in the transposition of the insertion sequence.


FUNCTION: Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E.coli ATCC 11775 (MIC=0.5 uM), and the Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus ATCC 12600 (MIC=0.5 uM) and M.luteus ATCC 49732 (MIC=2.0 uM). Does not inhibit the growth of the fungus C.albicans. Probably acts by disturbing membrane functions with its amphipathic structure. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Dermaseptin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Direct ligand for ERBB3 and ERBB4 tyrosine kinase receptors. Concomitantly recruits ERBB1 and ERBB2 coreceptors, resulting in ligand-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the ERBB receptors. May also promote the heterodimerization with the EGF receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Pro-neuregulin-2, membrane-bound isoform]: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Does not seem to be active. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Neuregulin-2]: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neuregulin family.


FUNCTION: Ectopic overexpression in E.coli induces the YoeB toxin, but this is not the cause of VapC toxicity. FUNCTION: Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. A tRNA-(fMet) endonuclease, it cleaves both charged and uncharged tRNA- (fMet) between positions 38 and 39 at the anticodon stem-loop boundary. Does not cleave tRNA(Met), tRNA(Arg2), tRNA(His), tRNA(Leu), tRNA(Phe) tRNA(Thr1), tRNA(Tyr) or tRNA(Val). Overexpression in E.coli inhibits translation, leads to loss of cell growth and degradation of tRNA(fMet); these effects are neutralized by expression of cognate antitoxin VapB. The VapB/VapC complex probably regulates transcription of its own promoter. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PINc/VapC protein family.


FUNCTION: Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals (PubMed:15163613, PubMed:15189834, PubMed:15083521, PubMed:28366643). In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction (PubMed:28366643). The histone H2AB1-H2BC1/TH2B dimer is required for loading of TNP2 onto chromatin (PubMed:28366643). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Note=Loaded onto the nucleosomes of condensing spermatids (PubMed:28366643). Inclusion of the H2AB1- H2BC1/TH2B dimer into chromatin opens the nucleosomes, releasing the nucleosomal DNA ends and allowing the invasion of nucleosomes by transition protein TNP2 (PubMed:28366643). Nuclear import is mediated by IPO4. Nucleolar localization requires the protein to be phosphorylated (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 2 family.


FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) Functions as a transcriptional coactivator for the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2). FUNCTION: Endonuclease that mediates miRNA decay of both protein-free and AGO2-loaded miRNAs (PubMed:28546213, PubMed:18453631). As part of its function in miRNA decay, regulates mRNAs involved in G1-to-S phase transition (PubMed:28546213). Functions as a bridging factor between STAT6 and the basal transcription factor (PubMed:12234934). Plays a role in PIM1 regulation of MYB activity (PubMed:9809063). Functions as a transcriptional coactivator for STAT5 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Melanosome Note=In IL-4 stimulated cells colocalizes with STAT6 in the nucleus (PubMed:12234934). Identified by mass spectrometry in melanosome fractions from stage I to stage IV (PubMed:17081065).


FUNCTION: eIF4E1-binding protein that regulates translation and stability of mRNAs in processing bodies (P-bodies) (By similarity). Probably plays a role in P-bodies to coordinate the storage of translationally inactive mRNAs in the cytoplasm and prevent their degradation (By similarity). Acts as a binding platform for multiple RNA-binding proteins. Required for the formation of P-bodies (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, P-body Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Mainly localizes to processing bodies (P-bodies) (PubMed:24335285). Present at low level in other parts of the cytoplasm and in the nucleus (PubMed:24335285). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 4E-T/EIF4E-T family.


FUNCTION: Sesquiterpene synthase that catalyzes the formation of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoid alcohols (PubMed:27231873). Converts farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to 10-epi-juneol (PubMed:27231873). Converts FPP to tau-cadinol (PubMed:27231873). 10-epi-juneol is the major product (PubMed:27231873). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family.


FUNCTION: The phosphorylation status of MCRIP1 functions as a molecular switch to regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Unphosphorylated MCRIP1 binds to and inhibits the transcriptional corepressor CTBP(s). When phosphorylated by MAPK/ERK, MCRIP1 releases CTBP(s) resulting in transcriptional silencing of the E-cadherin gene and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (PubMed:25728771). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, Stress granule. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MCRIP family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cysteine synthase/cystathionine beta- synthase family.


FUNCTION: FecA is the outer membrane receptor protein in the Fe(3+) dicitrate transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TonB-dependent receptor family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0149 family.


FUNCTION: Calcium-independent phospholipase, lysophospholipase and O- acyltransferase involved in phospholipid remodeling. Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at sn-2 position of phospholipids with choline and ethanolamine head groups, producing lysophospholipids that are used in deacylation-reacylation cycles. Transfers the sn-1 fatty acyl from one lysophospholipid molecule to the sn-2 position of another lysophospholipid to form diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl glycerophospholipids. Cleaves ester bonds but not alkyl or alkenyl ether bonds at the sn-1 position of lysophospholipids. Catalyzes sn-2 fatty acyl transfer from phospholipids to the sn-2 position of 1-O-alkyl or 1-O-alkenyl lysophospholipids with lower efficiency. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm Nucleus envelope Cytoplasm, cell cortex Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=In germinal vesicle stage oocytes and early embryos, shows mainly uniform nuclear and cortical expression. During germinal vesicle breakdown, found in intensely stained foci which accumulate near the dissolving nuclear envelope. Also localizes to spindle poles at metaphase II.


FUNCTION: The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). Necessary for proper vacuole morphology. Plays an important role in osmotically-induced vacuole fragmentation. Required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation, pexophagy and starvation- induced autophagy. Involved in correct atg9 trafficking to the pre- autophagosomal structure. Might also be involved in premeiotic DNA replication (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Vacuole membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat PROPPIN family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the SAM-dependent triple methylation of the alpha- amino group of histidine to form hercynine and subsequent conjugation with cysteine and oxygen to form hercynylcysteine sulfoxide, the first two steps in the biosynthesis pathway of ergothioneine (PubMed:24828577). May play a role in meiosis (PubMed:16303567). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. EgtD family. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the EgtB family.


FUNCTION: Required for vesicle docking or fusion during acrosome biogenesis. May play a role in RNA trafficking or localization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasmic vesicle.


FUNCTION: A probable carboxysomal shell protein found only in Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus strains that grow in low light. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Carboxysome Note=This cyanobacterium makes alpha-type carboxysomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial microcompartments protein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leguminous lectin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the poxviruses L3 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B family.


FUNCTION: This protein may play a role in the biosynthesis of the prosthetic group of nitrogenase (FeMo cofactor). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NifD/NifK/NifE/NifN family.


FUNCTION: May play a dual role in regulation of ESX-1 secretion and virulence. Acts as a protease that cleaves EspB. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Cell wall-associated. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family.


FUNCTION: Sequence-specific transcription factor which is part of a developmental regulatory system that regulates segmental identity in the mesothorax. Provides cells with specific positional identities on the anterior-posterior axis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Antp homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G- 3' consensus core sequence. May enhance the DNA binding of the bZIP transcription factor Opaque-2 to O2 binding site elements. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Required to generate and maintain the structure of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum network and the vacuole. Induces high curvature in membranes and causes membrane tubule formation. Involved in membrane/vesicle trafficking. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DP1 family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from an unknown electron donor, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory and/or the photosynthetic chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be plastoquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation, and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. Cyanobacterial NDH-1 also plays a role in inorganic carbon-concentration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 20 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. Active on AMP and dAMP with ATP as a donor. When GTP is used as phosphate donor, the enzyme phosphorylates AMP, CMP, and to a small extent dCMP. Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylate kinase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidine/pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase family. Type 2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome.


FUNCTION: Cationic host defense peptide that have antibacterial activity by breaking membranes. Is more effective on Gram-positive than on Gram-negative bacteria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane Note=Forms a helical membrane channel in the prey. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily. Short antimicrobial peptide (group 4) family.


FUNCTION: Part of the high-affinity ABC transporter complex FruEKFG involved in fructose uptake. Can also transport ribose and xylose, with lower affinity. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family.


FUNCTION: Serine protease inhibitor. The major targets of this inhibitor are plasmin and trypsin, but it also inactivates matriptase- 3/TMPRSS7 and chymotrypsin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the serpin family.


FUNCTION: Synthesizes nicotianamine, a polyamine that is the first intermediate in the synthesis of the phytosiderophores of the mugineic acid type found in gramineae which serves as a sensor for the physiological iron status within the plant, and/or might be involved in the transport of iron. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nicotianamine synthase (NAS)-like family.


FUNCTION: MRS4 suppresses a mitochondrial splice defect in the first intron of the COB gene. It may act as a carrier, exerting its suppressor activity via modulation of solute concentrations in the mitochondrion (possibly of cations). Not essential. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


FUNCTION: Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes (By similarity). The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of E3 ligase complexes, leading to modify the Ubl ligase activity (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds and transfers iron-sulfur (Fe-S) clusters to target apoproteins (PubMed:18616280, PubMed:19001370). Can hydrolyze ATP (PubMed:12486045, PubMed:19001370). Both activities are required for function in vivo, but the ability to hydrolyze ATP is not necessary for Fe-S cluster transfer (PubMed:19001370). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mrp/NBP35 ATP-binding proteins family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal beta-1,6-glucan synthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BIG1 family.


FUNCTION: Essential component of the RNA polymerase transcription and replication complex. Binds the viral ribonucleocapsid and positions the L polymerase on the template. May act as a chaperone for newly synthesized free N protein, so-called N(0). Plays a role in virion assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Co-chaperone involved in the maturation of iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins. Seems to help targeting proteins to be folded toward HscA (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HscB family.


FUNCTION: Binds to bile acids and is involved in enterohepatic bile acid metabolism. Required for efficient apical to basolateral transport of conjugated bile acids in ileal enterocytes (PubMed:23251388). Stimulates gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family.


FUNCTION: Plays a key role in ciliogenesis and embryonic development. Regulator of cilia formation by controlling the organization of the apical actin cytoskeleton and the positioning of the basal bodies at the apical cell surface, which in turn is essential for the normal orientation of elongating ciliary microtubules. Plays a key role in definition of cell polarity via its role in ciliogenesis but not via conversion extension. Has an indirect effect on hedgehog signaling (By similarity). Proposed to function as core component of the CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effectors) complex involved in the recruitment of peripheral IFT-A proteins to basal bodies (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell surface Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium basal body Note=Enriched at the apical surface in ciliated cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inturned family.


FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Can also function as a GSH peroxidase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Sigma family.


FUNCTION: As part of the replication protein A (RPA/RP-A), a single- stranded DNA-binding heterotrimeric complex, may play an essential role in DNA replication, recombination and repair. Binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, preventing complementary DNA reannealing and recruiting different proteins involved in DNA metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the replication factor A protein 3 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the first step of diphthamide biosynthesis, the transfer of 3-amino-3-carboxypropyl from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to a histidine residue. Diphthamide is a post-translational modification of histidine which occurs in elongation factor 2 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DPH4 family.


FUNCTION: Probable ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 12 (Hwtx-2) family. 03 (juruin) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxal (MG) to D-lactate in a single glutathione (GSH)-independent step. May play a role in detoxifying endogenously produced glyoxals (PubMed:24302734). Involved in protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) (PubMed:17395014). Important for viability in stationary phase. May negatively regulate TORC1 in response to nutrient limitation (PubMed:24706893). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, P-body Note=Present in processing bodies (P-bodies) and stress granule (SG) foci upon glucose starvation and heat shock. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C56 family. HSP31-like subfamily.


FUNCTION: RuBisCO catalyzes two reactions: the carboxylation of D- ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate, the primary event in carbon dioxide fixation, as well as the oxidative fragmentation of the pentose substrate. Both reactions occur simultaneously and in competition at the same active site (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type I subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 45 (cellulase K) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in regulation of Ty1 transposition. Inhibits Ty1 transposition at a post-transcriptional and pre-integrational stage of the Ty1 retrotransposition cycle (By similarity). FUNCTION: Involved in regulation of Ty1 transposition. Inhibits Ty1 transposition at a post-transcriptional and pre-integrational stage of the Ty1 retrotransposition cycle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sorting nexin family.


FUNCTION: Serine protease that shows proteolytic activity against a non-specific substrate beta-casein. Promotes or induces cell death either by direct binding to and inhibition of BIRC proteins (also called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs), leading to an increase in caspase activity, or by a BIRC inhibition-independent, caspase- independent and serine protease activity-dependent mechanism. Can antagonize antiapoptotic activity of th by directly inducing the degradation of th (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion intermembrane space; Single-pass membrane protein Mitochondrion membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Predominantly present in the intermembrane space. Released into the cytosol following apoptotic stimuli, such as UV treatment. The extramitochondrial protein does not diffuse throughout the cytosol but stays near the mitochondria. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1C family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform 1]: Catalyzes the transfer of fucosyl moiety from GDP-beta-L-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue in biantennary N- glycan acceptors. Does not fucosylate GlcNAc within type 2 lactosamine unit. FUNCTION: [Isoform 4]: Catalyzes the transfer of fucosyl moiety from GDP-beta-L-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue in biantennary N- glycan acceptors. Does not fucosylate GlcNAc within type 2 lactosamine unit. FUNCTION: Predominantly fucosylates the innermost N-acetyl glucosamine (GlcNAc) residue in biantennary N-glycan acceptors. Postulated to generate core alpha(1->3)-fucose epitope within the chitobiose unit of biantennary N-glycans, providing for a recognition signal to reorient aberrantly folded glycoproteins for degradation (PubMed:19088067). Involved in biosynthesis of Lewis X-carrying biantennary N-glycans that regulate neuron stem cell self-renewal during brain development (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Isoform 5]: Catalyzes the transfer of fucosyl moiety from GDP-beta-L-fucose to the innermost GlcNAc residue in biantennary N- glycan acceptors. Does not fucosylate GlcNAc within type 2 lactosamine unit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 5]: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 4]: Golgi apparatus Lysosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 10 family.


FUNCTION: Thought to transport cystine out of lysosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cystinosin (TC 2.A.43.1) family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in signal transduction pathways that involve calcium as a second messenger. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDPK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor (PubMed:12511558, PubMed:12631292, PubMed:12727872, PubMed:15831457, PubMed:15976810, PubMed:22508508, PubMed:32832608). Mediates sumoylation of CEBPA, PARK7, HERC2, MYB, TCF4 and RNF168 (PubMed:12511558, PubMed:12631292, PubMed:12727872, PubMed:15831457, PubMed:15976810, PubMed:22508508). Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53/TP53 pathway, the Wnt pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway (PubMed:11388671). Involved in gene silencing (PubMed:11248056). In Wnt signaling, represses LEF1 and enhances TCF4 transcriptional activities through promoting their sumoylations (PubMed:12727872, PubMed:15831457). Enhances the sumoylation of MTA1 and may participate in its paralog-selective sumoylation (PubMed:21965678). Binds to AT-rich DNA sequences, known as matrix or scaffold attachment regions (MARs/SARs) (By similarity). Catalyzes conjugation of SUMO2 to KAT5 in response to DNA damage, facilitating repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) via homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:32832608). Mediates sumoylation of PARP1 in response to PARP1 trapping to chromatin (PubMed:35013556). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, PML body Note=Colocalizes with SUMO1 and TCF7L2/TCF4 and LEF1 in a subset of PML (promyelocytic leukemia) nuclear bodies. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PIAS family.


FUNCTION: Putative gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family. FabI subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional repressor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Predominantly expressed in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Putative Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. May be involved in spermatogenesis during sexual maturation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SCM family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the decarboxylation of four acetate groups of uroporphyrinogen-III to yield coproporphyrinogen-III. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in maturation of the 30S ribosomal subunit. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family.


FUNCTION: As part of the NSL complex it is involved in acetylation of nucleosomal histone H4 on several lysine residues and therefore may be involved in the regulation of transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for tubulin in concert with tubulin-specific chaperone C, but does not enhance tubulin heterodimerization. Acts as a GTPase-activating protein. May act as guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor towards ADP-ribosylation factor-like proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Note=Detected predominantly at the plasma membrane of rod and cone photoreceptors. Not detected in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TBCC family.


FUNCTION: PPIase that acts as a histone chaperone. Histone proline isomerase that increases the rate of cis-trans isomerization at prolines on the histone H3 N-terminal tail. Proline isomerization influences H3 methylation thereby regulating gene expression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP3/4 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Encapsidates the RNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tospovirus nucleocapsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Curlin is the structural subunit of the curli. Curli are coiled surface structures that assemble preferentially at growth temperatures below 37 degrees Celsius. Curli can bind to fibronectin. FUNCTION: Curlin is the structural subunit of the curli. Curli are coiled surface structures that assemble preferentially at growth temperatures below 37 degrees Celsius. Curli can bind to fibronectin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium. Note=Part of the curli surface structure. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium Note=Part of the curli surface structure. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CsgA/CsgB family.


FUNCTION: Might have a role in the suppression of host immune response. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG047 family.


FUNCTION: High-affinity H(+)/sulfate cotransporter that mediates the uptake of the environmental sulfate by plant roots. Plays a central role in the regulation of sulfate assimilation. Unable to transport molybdate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC26A/SulP transporter (TC 2.A.53.1) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCF family. EF3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Delta-conotoxins bind to site 6 of voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and inhibit the inactivation process. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin O1 superfamily.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent RNA helicase involved in 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis. Required for the processing and cleavage of 35S pre-rRNA at sites A0, A1, and A2, leading to mature 18S rRNA. May also have a gene- specific regulatory function since it affects nuclear fusion by regulating KAR4 expression and contributes with KEM1 to ISP-1 sensitivity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. DDX52/ROK1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Upon serum stimulation, phosphorylates CDKN1B/p27Kip1, thus controlling CDKN1B subcellular location and cell cycle progression in G1 phase. May be involved in trafficking and/or processing of RNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Interconversion of serine and glycine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SHMT family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat WDR55 family.


FUNCTION: Acts as an inhibitor of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity. Potentiates ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation of serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit alpha (PPP2CA) (By similarity). Inhibits PP2A-mediated dephosphorylation of WEE1, promoting ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of WEE1, thereby releasing G2/M checkpoint (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=The CHEK1-mediated Ser-34 phosphorylated form is sequestered by 14-3-3 proteins in the cytoplasm and fails to translocate to the nucleus, where it otherwise inhibits serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM122 family.


FUNCTION: Activator protein that regulates the ubiquitin ligase activity and substrate specificity of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Necessary and sufficient for endoreduplication and correct cell expansion. Controls meristem size by stimulating endoreduplication in the elongation zone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat CDC20/Fizzy family.


FUNCTION: Alpha-conotoxins bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and inhibit them. This toxin inhibits rodent (alpha- 1-beta-1-delta-epsilon > alpha-1-beta-1-delta-gamma) and human (alpha- 3-beta-1) nAChRs heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes, but has minimal effect on human alpha-7 nAChRs. Has no effect on the frequency of responses from the giant fiber (GF)-dorsal longitudinal and GF-tergo trochanteral muscle pathways in the D.melanogaster GF circuit (PubMed:28917942). Has possibly a distinct nAChR binding mode from other alpha-conotoxins, due to a different three residue motif (lacks the Ser-Xaa-Pro motif) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin A superfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the initial step of dolichol-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis in N-linked protein glycosylation pathway: transfers GlcNAc-1-P from UDP-GlcNAc onto the carrier lipid dolichyl phosphate (P-dolichol), yielding GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 4 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor required for gene expression specific to photoreceptor cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Atypical E2F transcription factor that participates in various processes such as angiogenesis, polyploidization of specialized cells and DNA damage response. Mainly acts as a transcription repressor that binds DNA independently of DP proteins and specifically recognizes the E2 recognition site 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3'. Directly represses transcription of classical E2F transcription factors such as E2F1. Acts as a regulator of S-phase by recognizing and binding the E2-related site 5'-TTCCCGCC-3' and mediating repression of G1/S-regulated genes. Plays a key role in polyploidization of cells in placenta and liver by regulating the endocycle, probably by repressing genes promoting cytokinesis and antagonizing action of classical E2F proteins (E2F1, E2F2 and/or E2F3). Required for placental development by promoting polyploidization of trophoblast giant cells. Also involved in DNA damage response: up-regulated by p53/TP53 following genotoxic stress and acts as a downstream effector of p53/TP53-dependent repression by mediating repression of indirect p53/TP53 target genes involved in DNA replication. Acts as a promoter of sprouting angiogenesis, possibly by acting as a transcription activator: associates with HIF1A, recognizes and binds the VEGFA promoter, which is different from canonical E2 recognition site, and activates expression of the VEGFA gene. Acts as a negative regulator of keratinocyte differentiation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the E2F/DP family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase, a multisubunit transmembrane complex that is part of the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. The cytochrome b-c1 complex catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c, linking this redox reaction to translocation of protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane, with protons being carried across the membrane as hydrogens on the quinol. In the process called Q cycle, 2 protons are consumed from the matrix, 4 protons are released into the intermembrane space and 2 electrons are passed to cytochrome c. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UQCRQ/QCR8 family.


FUNCTION: Regulation of fluid secretion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family.


FUNCTION: Vascular endothelium glycoprotein that plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis (PubMed:10625534). Required for normal structure and integrity of adult vasculature (By similarity). Regulates the migration of vascular endothelial cells (PubMed:17540773). Required for normal extraembryonic angiogenesis and for embryonic heart development (PubMed:10625534). May regulate endothelial cell shape changes in response to blood flow, which drive vascular remodeling and establishment of normal vascular morphology during angiogenesis (PubMed:28530658). May play a role in the binding of endothelial cells to integrins. Acts as TGF-beta coreceptor and is involved in the TGF-beta/BMP signaling cascade that ultimately leads to the activation of SMAD transcription factors (PubMed:23300529). Required for GDF2/BMP9 signaling through SMAD1 in endothelial cells and modulates TGFB1 signaling through SMAD3 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Directs RNA polymerase II nuclear import. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IWR1/SLC7A6OS family.


FUNCTION: Core histone-binding subunit that may target chromatin assembly factors, chromatin remodeling factors and histone deacetylases to their histone substrates in a manner that is regulated by nucleosomal DNA (By similarity). Required for hcp-3 and his-1 stabilization, localization of hcp-3 to centromeres and for proper chromosome segregation (PubMed:25446273, PubMed:26904949). Synthetic multivulva class B (synMuvB) protein (PubMed:9875852). SynMuvB proteins are required to repress the induction of vulval development by Ras signaling and probably act by forming the multiprotein DRM complex that represses transcription (PubMed:10704416, PubMed:17075059, PubMed:9875852). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere Note=Localizes to centromeres during metaphase. Requires hcp-3 and knl-2 for nuclear and centromere localization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat RBAP46/RBAP48/MSI1 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that binds specifically to a 5'-AA[AG]G- 3' consensus core sequence (By similarity). Regulates a photoperiodic flowering response. Transcriptional repressor of 'CONSTANS' expression. The stability of CDF2 is controlled by 'GIGANTEA' and redundantly by ADO3, ADO2 and/or ADO1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Bacteriocin.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S41A family.


FUNCTION: Selectively activates the heat-activated TRPV1 channel. It binds to TRPV1 in an open state-dependent manner, trapping it there to produce irreversible currents (PubMed:20510930, PubMed:26880553, PubMed:27281200). It binds to the outer edge of the external pore of TRPV1 in a counterclockwise configuration, using a limited protein- protein interface and inserting hydrophobic residues into the bilayer (PubMed:26880553, PubMed:27281200). It also partitions naturally into membranes, with the two lobes exhibiting opposing energetics for membrane partitioning (K1) and channel activation (K2) (PubMed:26880553). In addition, the toxin disrupts a cluster of hydrophobic residues behind the selectivity filter that are critical for channel activation (PubMed:26880553). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 23 family. Double-knot toxin subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multi antimicrobial extrusion (MATE) (TC 2.A.66.1) family.


FUNCTION: Blocks contraction of smooth muscle elicited by high potassium-induced depolarization, but does not block caffeine- stimulated contraction. May target voltage-gated calcium channels in smooth muscle (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISP family.


FUNCTION: Part of the dynactin complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules. In the dynactin soulder domain, binds the ACTR1A filament and acts as a molecular ruler to determine the length (By similarity). Modulates cytoplasmic dynein binding to an organelle, and plays a role in prometaphase chromosome alignment and spindle organization during mitosis. Involved in anchoring microtubules to centrosomes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the dynactin subunit 2 family.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding protein that accumulates at DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) following DNA damage and promotes DNA resection and homologous recombination. Serves as a sensor of DNA damage: binds DNA with a strong preference for DNA substrates that mimic structures generated at stalled replication forks, and anchors RBBP8/CtIP to DSB sites to promote DNA end resection and ensuing homologous recombination repair. Inhibits non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Required for the dynamic movement of AURKA at the centrosomes and spindle apparatus during the cell cycle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Note=Accumulates at sites of DNA damage by binding to DNA substrates that mimick structures generated at stalled replication forks. Localizes to the centrosome in interphase and to the spindle pole in metaphase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AUNIP family.


FUNCTION: This venom insulin facilitates prey capture by rapidly inducing hypoglycemic shock. Intraperitoneal injection of this peptide into zebrafish lowers blood glucose with the same potency than human insulin. In vivo, when applied to water, this peptide reduces overall locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, observed as a significant decrease in the percentage of time spent swimming and movement frequency. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Involved in chromosome segregation and cell cycle regulation (PubMed:28087737). May play a role in the acrosome reaction and fertilization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=Found in the acrosomal region of elongated spermatids and mature sperm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIIc family.


FUNCTION: Involved in Fe(3+) uptake from the rhizosphere and phloem transport of iron. Plays an important role in iron homeostasis during the early stages of growth. Transports Fe(3+)-phytosiderophore, but not Fe(3+)- or Fe(2+)-nicotianamine. May not transport other chelated metals. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the YSL (TC 2.A.67.2) family.


FUNCTION: Probable thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that may participate in various redox reactions and act as chaperone under heat shock. May interact with HSP70 proteins through the TPR repeats (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family.


FUNCTION: FMRFamides and FMRFamide-like peptides are neuropeptides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FARP (FMRFamide related peptide) family.


FUNCTION: Required for meiotic recombination. Mediates DNA cleavage that forms the double-strand breaks (DSB) that initiate meiotic recombination (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TOP6A family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of a family of the mycotoxins cytochalasins E and K (PubMed:21983160). The hybrid PKS-NRPS synthetase ccsA and the enoyl reductase ccsC are responsible for fusion of phenylalanine with an octaketide backbone and subsequent release of the stable tetramic acid precursor (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:27551732). The polyketide synthase module (PKS) of the PKS-NRPS ccsA is responsible for the synthesis of the octaketide backbone (PubMed:21983160). The downstream nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) amidates the carboxyl end of the octaketide with a phenylalanine (PubMed:21983160). A reductase-like domain (R) at the C-terminus catalyzes the reductive release of the polyketide-amino acid intermediate (PubMed:21983160). Because ccsA lacks a designated enoylreductase (ER) domain, the required activity is provided the enoyl reductase ccsC (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:27551732). Upon formation of the 11-membered carbocycle-fused perhydroisoindolone intermediate, a number of oxidative steps are required to afford the final cytochalasin E and K, including two hydroxylations at C17 and C18, one alcohol oxidation at C17, one epoxidation at C6 and C7 and two Baeyer-Villiger oxidations (PubMed:21983160). The oxidative modification at C17, C18 and the C6-C7 epoxidation are likely to be catalyzed by the two cytochrome P450 oxygenases ccsD and ccsG (PubMed:21983160). CcsD may be responsible for the epoxidation of the C6-C7 double bond (PubMed:21983160). CcsG may be responsible for the successive oxidative modifications at C17 and C18 (PubMed:21983160). The double Baeyer- Villiger oxidations of ketocytochalasin to precytochalasin and cytochalasin Z(16) are among the final steps leading to cytochalasin E and K and are catalyzed by ccsB (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:24838010). The first oxygen insertion step follows that of the classic BVMO mechanism, generating the ester precytochalasin (PubMed:24838010). Release of precytochalasin into an aqueous environment can generate the shunt product iso-precytochalasin through spontaneous isomerization (PubMed:24838010). Alternatively, precytochalasin can undergo further oxidation by ccsB to yield the in-line carbonate-containing cytochalasin Z(16) (PubMed:24838010). Cytochalasin Z(16) is a precursor to cytochalasin E and cytochalasin K, whereas iso-precytochalasin is a precursor to cytochalasin Z(17) and rosellichalasin (PubMed:21983160, PubMed:24838010). The hydrolyase ccsE may catalyze hydrolysis of epoxide bond in cytochalasin E to afford cytochalasin K (PubMed:21983160). The function of ccsF has not been assigned but it may play a role in post-PKS-NRPS biosynthetic step, resistance or transport of cytochalasins and related PKS-NRPS products (PubMed:21983160). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. FUS2 hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: May regulate immune response to the intracellular capsid in acting as a T-cell tolerogen, by having an immunoregulatory effect which prevents destruction of infected cells by cytotoxic T-cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the avihepadnavirus precore antigen family.


FUNCTION: [Brain natriuretic peptide 45]: Cardiac hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis (PubMed:8182124). May also function as a paracrine antifibrotic factor in the heart (PubMed:10737768). Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins that drive various biological responses (PubMed:8182124). Likely involved in regulating the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid- electrolyte balance through natriuresis, diuresis, kaluresis and chloruresis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Brain natriuretic peptide 45]: Secreted Note=Detected in blood. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family.


FUNCTION: Inner envelope protein involved, through its interaction with host dynein, in the intracellular microtubule-dependent transport of viral capsid toward viral factories (By similarity). Seems to induce caspase-3 activation and apoptosis (By similarity). Plays a role in virion morphogenesis by recruiting and transforming the host ER membranes into the precursors of the viral envelope (By similarity). Involved in virus attachment to the host cell (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Host cytoplasm, host cytoskeleton Host endoplasmic reticulum membrane Note=Detected mainly on membrane-like structures within viral factories. Present in mature extracellular virions. Host DYNLL1 and viral p54 interact at the microtubular organizing center (By similarity). Found in the inner envelope of the virus (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus envelope protein p54 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the high-affinity ABC transporter complex ZnuABC involved in zinc import (Probable). ZnuABC-mediated zinc transport is required for comF expression and competence development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Membrane raft; Lipid-anchor Note=Present in detergent-resistant membrane (DRM) fractions that may be equivalent to eukaryotic membrane rafts; these rafts include proteins involved in signaling, molecule trafficking and protein secretion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 9 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pyrimidine catabolism. May facilitate the hydrolysis of carbamate, a reaction that can also occur spontaneously. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Hydrolase RutD family.


FUNCTION: [Isoform Polluks]: Regulates sperm development. May be involved in mitochondrial sheath formation. FUNCTION: [Isoform Kastor]: Regulates sperm development. May be involved in mitochondrial sheath formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Kastor]: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform Polluks]: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. FUNCTION: One of two assembly initiator proteins, it binds directly to the 5'-end of the 23S rRNA, where it nucleates assembly of the 50S subunit. It is not thought to be involved in the functions of the mature 50S subunit in vitro. FUNCTION: One of the proteins that surrounds the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit. FUNCTION: One of the proteins that surrounds the polypeptide exit tunnel on the outside of the subunit. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL24 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA export coupled transcription activation by association with both the TREX-2 and the SAGA complexes. At the promoters, SAGA is required for recruitment of the basal transcription machinery. It influences RNA polymerase II transcriptional activity through different activities such as TBP interaction and promoter selectivity, interaction with transcription activators, and chromatin modification through histone acetylation and deubiquitination. Within the SAGA complex, participates in a subcomplex required for deubiquitination of H2B and for the maintenance of steady-state H3 methylation levels. The TREX-2 complex functions in docking export- competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket). TREX-2 participates in mRNA export and accurate chromatin positioning in the nucleus by tethering genes to the nuclear periphery. May also be involved in cytoplasmic mRNA decay by interaction with components of P-bodies (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleoplasm Cytoplasm, P-body. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ENY2 family.


FUNCTION: PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin- oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. FUNCTION: PsaD can form complexes with ferredoxin and ferredoxin- oxidoreductase in photosystem I (PS I) reaction center. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaD family.


FUNCTION: Non-catalytic component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Associated with the PA200 or PA28, the 20S proteasome mediates ubiquitin-independent protein degradation. This type of proteolysis is required in several pathways including spermatogenesis (20S-PA200 complex) or generation of a subset of MHC class I-presented antigenic peptides (20S-PA28 complex). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Translocated from the cytoplasm into the nucleus following interaction with AKIRIN2, which bridges the proteasome with the nuclear import receptor IPO9. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase T1B family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LuxM / VanM family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in B-cell and macrophage adhesion processes. In B-cells, may act by coupling the B-cell receptor (BCR) to integrin activation. May play a role in src signaling pathway. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Membrane ruffles of macrophages. Perikarya and dendrites from neurons. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SKAP family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that controls a genetic switch in male development. It is necessary and sufficient for initiating male sex determination by directing the development of supporting cell precursors (pre-Sertoli cells) as Sertoli rather than granulosa cells. Involved in different aspects of gene regulation including promoter activation or repression. Binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'- [AT]AACAA[AT]-3'. SRY HMG box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove and promotes DNA bending. Also involved in pre-mRNA splicing (By similarity). In male adult brain involved in the maintenance of motor functions of dopaminergic neurons (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus speckle Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SRY family.


FUNCTION: Lectin that binds beta-galactoside and a wide array of complex carbohydrates.


FUNCTION: Phosphorylates IRS1 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes, potentially modulating the efficiency of insulin signal transduction. Inhibits CREB activity by phosphorylating and repressing the CREB- specific coactivators, CRTC1-3 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that is involved in regulation of organogenesis. Seems to be a regulator of SIX1, SIX6 and probably SIX5. Corepression of precursor cell proliferation in myoblasts by SIX1 is switched to coactivation through recruitment of EYA3 to the SIX1-DACH1 complex. Transcriptional activation seems also to involve association of CREBBP. Seems to act as a corepressor of SIX6 in regulating proliferation by directly repressing cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including the p27Kip1 promoter (By similarity). Inhibits TGF-beta signaling through interaction with SMAD4 and NCOR1. Binds to chromatin DNA via its DACHbox-N domain (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DACH/dachshund family.


FUNCTION: Type X collagen is a product of hypertrophic chondrocytes and has been localized to presumptive mineralization zones of hyaline cartilage. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.


FUNCTION: Involved in the cellular defense against the biological effects of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeG) and O4-methylthymine (O4-MeT) in DNA. Repairs the methylated nucleobase in DNA by stoichiometrically transferring the methyl group to a cysteine residue in the enzyme. This is a suicide reaction: the enzyme is irreversibly inactivated. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MGMT family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial potassium channel located in the mitochondrial inner membrane (PubMed:31435016). Together with ABCB8/MITOSUR, forms a protein complex localized in the mitochondria that mediates ATP- dependent potassium currents across the inner membrane (that is, mitoK(ATP) channel) (PubMed:31435016). May contribute to the homeostatic control of cellular metabolism under stress conditions by regulating the mitochondrial matrix volume (PubMed:31435016). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. YfcE family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits U-box-dependent E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vitro (PubMed:20971894, PubMed:26839127). Negatively modulates successive stages of infection and development of rhizobial (e.g. Sinorhizobium meliloti) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM, e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis) symbioses, in an ubiquitin ligase activity- dependent manner (PubMed:26839127). Negative regulator of the LYK3 signaling pathway leading to nitrogen-fixing symbiosis (eg. infection and nodulation) by rhizobia. May be involved in the discrimination of rhizobium strains producing variant Nod factors (PubMed:20971894). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the second step of the '4S' desulfurization pathway that removes covalently bound sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT) without breaking carbon-carbon bonds. Metabolizes DBT-sulfone (DBTO2 or DBT 5,5-dioxide) to 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzene sulphinate (HBPS). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NtaA/SnaA/DszA monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in late/very late gene activation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the baculoviridae LEF-11 family.


FUNCTION: Phosphatase that acts on lipids with a phosphoinositol headgroup. Has phosphatase activity towards phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PubMed:11733541, PubMed:12668758, PubMed:21372139, PubMed:14690594). Binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5- trisphosphate (By similarity). Stabilizes SBF2/MTMR13 at the membranes (By similarity). Specifically in peripheral nerves, stabilizes SBF2/MTMR13 protein (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Early endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell projection, axon Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Partly associated with membranes (PubMed:12668758, PubMed:15998640, PubMed:21372139). Localizes to vacuoles in hypo- osmotic conditions (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of a complex that catalyzes the formation of methyl- coenzyme M and tetrahydromethanopterin from coenzyme M and methyl- tetrahydromethanopterin. This is an energy-conserving, sodium-ion translocating step. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MtrD family.


FUNCTION: Flagellar radial spokes contribute to the regulation of dynein arm activity and thus the pattern of flagellar bending. They consist of a thin stalk, which is attached to the a subfiber of the outer doublet microtubule, and a bulbous head, which is attached to the stalk and appears to interact with the projections from the central pair of microtubules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, flagellum axoneme. Note=Radial spoke. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flagellar radial spoke RSP4/6 family.


FUNCTION: May control cell migration by relaying extracellular chemotactic signals to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Mediator of ERBB2 signaling. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization. Is required for breast carcinoma cell migration. FUNCTION: May control cell migration by relaying extracellular chemotactic signals to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Mediator of ERBB2 signaling. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MEMO1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the dynactin complex that activates the molecular motor dynein for ultra-processive transport along microtubules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin family.


FUNCTION: Receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone II (GnRH II). This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the gamma-elimination of phosphate from L- phosphohomoserine and the beta-addition of water to produce L- threonine. Does not catalyze the conversion of O-acetyl-L-homoserine into threonine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the threonine synthase family.


FUNCTION: Electron acceptor for cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. FUNCTION: Rubredoxin is a small nonheme, iron protein lacking acid- labile sulfide. Its single Fe, chelated to 4 Cys, functions as an electron acceptor and may also stabilize the conformation of the molecule. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rubredoxin family.


FUNCTION: May catalyze both beta-1,3 and beta-1,4 glycosidic linkage on beta-D-glucan. Essential for (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans synthesis in grasses and cereals (Poaceae). The mixed-linked glucans (which are not present in walls of dicotyledons or most other monocotyledonous plants) are particularly important constituents of the walls of the starchy endosperm and aleurone cells of cereal grains such as oats, wheat, rice and barley. They can account for up to 70% by weight of the wall (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family. Plant cellulose synthase-like F subfamily.


FUNCTION: Dual specificity phosphatase able to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues within the same substrate, with a preference for phosphotyrosine as a substrate (By similarity). Involved in the modulation of intracellular signaling cascades. In skeletal muscle regulates systemic glucose homeostasis by activating, AMPK, an energy sensor protein kinase. Affects MAP kinase signaling though modulation of the MAPK1/2 cascade in skeletal muscle promoting muscle cell differentiation, development and atrophy (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily.


FUNCTION: Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity. Mediates Ras activation through G(s)-alpha- and cAMP-mediated signaling. Involved in the regulation of sleep/wake behaviors (PubMed:31473062). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Early endosome. Note=Colocalizes with RAPGEF2 at the plasma membrane (By similarity). Localized at the plasma membrane. Found in the Golgi upon GOPC overexpression. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRB1 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the cleavage of 5-oxoproline to form L-glutamate coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate (PubMed:28830929). In addition, is a potent inhibitor of the autophosphorylation reaction of kinase A (kinA) and its reverse reaction, but does not inhibit phosphate transfer to the Spo0F response regulator once kinase A is phosphorylated. Is an inhibitor of the catalytic domain of kinase A affecting the ATP/ADP reactions and not the phosphotransferase functions of this domain. The inhibition is non- competitive with respect to ATP (PubMed:9334321). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PxpB family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of dCMP to yield dUMP, the nucleotide substrate for thymidylate synthetase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


FUNCTION: RING-type zinc finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that assembles with melanoma antigen protein (MAGE) to catalyze the direct transfer of ubiquitin from E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme to a specific substrate. Within MAGE-RING ubiquitin ligase complex, MAGE stimulates and specifies ubiquitin ligase activity likely through recruitment and/or stabilization of the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme at the E3:substrate complex. Involved in maintenance of genome integrity, DNA damage response and DNA repair. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, telomere. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NSE1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex GluABCD involved in glutamate uptake. Probably responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulator of rDNA transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Associates with rDNA transcription unit throughout the cell cycle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of L-rhamnonate to 2-keto-3-deoxy- L-rhamnonate (KDR). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mandelate racemase/muconate lactonizing enzyme family. RhamD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly factor that facilitates (Fe-S) cluster insertion into a subset of mitochondrial proteins (By similarity). Probably acts together with the monothiol glutaredoxin GLRX5. May protect cells against oxidative stress (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BolA/IbaG family.


FUNCTION: Participates in a complex which severs microtubules in an ATP-dependent manner. May act to target the enzymatic subunit of this complex to sites of action such as the centrosome. Microtubule severing may promote rapid reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle Note=Predominantly cytoplasmic. Localized to the interphase centrosome and mitotic spindle poles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat KATNB1 family.


FUNCTION: High-affinity transporter for guanine and hypoxanthine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleobase:cation symporter-2 (NCS2) (TC 2.A.40) family. Azg-like subfamily.


FUNCTION: Protects DNA from oxidative damage by sequestering intracellular Fe(2+) ion and storing it in the form of Fe(3+) oxyhydroxide mineral. One hydrogen peroxide oxidizes two Fe(2+) ions, which prevents hydroxyl radical production by the Fenton reaction. Does not bind to DNA (By similarity). Dps is important for full resistance to heat and cold shocks and is essential for full virulence of this bacterium. It seems to play a direct or indirect role on the production and/or stability of listeriolysin O. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Dps family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of delta(11) fatty acyl precursors in the pheromone gland, and has high activity towards palmitic acid and stearic acid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Endogenous F(1)F(o)-ATPase inhibitor limiting ATP depletion when the mitochondrial membrane potential falls below a threshold and the F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase starts hydrolyzing ATP to pump protons out of the mitochondrial matrix. Required to avoid the consumption of cellular ATP when the F(1)F(o)-ATP synthase enzyme acts as an ATP hydrolase (By similarity). Indirectly acts as a regulator of heme synthesis in erythroid tissues: regulates heme synthesis by modulating the mitochondrial pH and redox potential, allowing FECH to efficiently catalyze the incorporation of iron into protoporphyrin IX to produce heme (PubMed:23135403). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase inhibitor family.


FUNCTION: GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking; may modulate vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family.


FUNCTION: Copper (Cu) transporter that plays an essential role in promoting translocation of Cu from roots to shoots. Involved in loading Cu to the xylem of the roots and other organs, including panicles. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.


FUNCTION: May function as a specific light chain of unconventional myosin-10 (MYO10), also enhances MYO10 translation, possibly by acting as a chaperone for the emerging MYO10 heavy chain protein. May compete with calmodulin by binding, with different affinities, to cellular substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calmodulin family.


FUNCTION: Essential counter-regulatory carboxypeptidase of the renin- angiotensin hormone system that is a critical regulator of blood volume, systemic vascular resistance, and thus cardiovascular homeostasis. Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a nine-amino acid peptide with anti-hypertrophic effects in cardiomyocytes, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, which then acts as a beneficial vasodilator and anti-proliferation agent, counterbalancing the actions of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Also removes the C-terminal residue from three other vasoactive peptides, neurotensin, kinetensin, and des-Arg bradykinin, but is not active on bradykinin. Also cleaves other biological peptides, such as apelins, casomorphins and dynorphin A. Plays an important role in amino acid transport by acting as binding partner of amino acid transporter SLC6A19 in intestine, regulating trafficking, expression on the cell surface, and its catalytic activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Processed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cytoplasm Cell projection, cilium Apical cell membrane Note=Detected in both cell membrane and cytoplasm in neurons. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M2 family.


FUNCTION: Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family (By similarity). Required for normal gastrulation, formation of the primitive streak, and for the formation of the mesoderm during early embryogenesis (PubMed:10431240). Required for normal formation of the apical ectodermal ridge and for normal embryonic limb development (PubMed:12569130). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Wnt family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of 5-hydroxyisourate (HIU) to 2-oxo- 4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transthyretin family. 5-hydroxyisourate hydrolase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the activation of N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) to cytidine 5'-monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc), a substrate required for the addition of sialic acid. Also has activity towards N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). Has weak activity towards 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nononic acid (KDN). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CMP-NeuNAc synthase family.


FUNCTION: Kinase that plays a key role in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism in response to prolonged fasting and starvation. Plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels under starvation, and is involved in the insulin signaling cascade. Via its regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH and in preventing the accumulation of ketone bodies under starvation. In the fed state, mediates cellular responses to glucose levels and to a high-fat diet. Regulates both fatty acid oxidation and de novo fatty acid biosynthesis. Plays a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Protects detached epithelial cells against anoikis. Plays a role in cell proliferation via its role in regulating carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Modulates overall growth by reducing the proliferation activity of meristematic cells and delaying development (PubMed:18359753). Flavonol-specific transcription activator involved in the regulation of several genes of flavonoid biosynthesis. Activates the expression of CHS, CHI, F3H and FLS1 (PubMed:17419845, PubMed:20731781). Confers tolerance to UV-B (PubMed:19895401). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit B family.


FUNCTION: Putative control of replication message.


FUNCTION: 6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfotransferase 6 family.


FUNCTION: The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin- coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. In mammals, the coatomer can only be recruited by membranes associated to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are small GTP-binding proteins; the complex also influences the Golgi structural integrity, as well as the processing, activity, and endocytic recycling of LDL receptors. Required for limiting lipid storage in lipid droplets. Involved in lipid homeostasis by regulating the presence of perilipin family members PLIN2 and PLIN3 at the lipid droplet surface and promoting the association of adipocyte triglyceride lipase (PNPLA2) with the lipid droplet surface to mediate lipolysis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Note=The coatomer is cytoplasmic or polymerized on the cytoplasmic side of the Golgi, as well as on the vesicles/buds originating from it (By similarity). About 70% of the COPG1-containing coatomers are found in the cis-Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the COPG family.


FUNCTION: Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The heterodimer formed with LCB1/SPTLC1 constitutes the catalytic core. The composition of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex determines the substrate preference. The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSA complex shows a strong preference for C16-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSB complex displays a preference for C18-CoA substrate (By similarity). Plays an important role in de novo sphyngolipid biosynthesis which is crucial for adipogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. The G(s) protein is involved in hormonal regulation of adenylate cyclase: it activates the cyclase in response to beta- adrenergic stimuli. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(s) subfamily.


FUNCTION: G-protein coupled opioid receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous alpha-neoendorphins and dynorphins, but has low affinity for beta-endorphins. Also functions as receptor for various synthetic opioids and for the psychoactive diterpene salvinorin A. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain. Plays a role in mediating reduced physical activity upon treatment with synthetic opioids. Plays a role in the regulation of salivation in response to synthetic opioids. May play a role in arousal and regulation of autonomic and neuroendocrine functions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Negative regulator of katanin-mediated microtubule severing and release from the centrosome. Required for central spindle formation and the completion of cytokinesis. Negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Represses beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation by promoting the nuclear exclusion of beta-catenin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LZTS2 family.


FUNCTION: Key enzyme in myo-inositol biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to 1-myo-inositol 1- phosphate in a NAD-dependent manner. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the myo-inositol 1-phosphate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in spore wall assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OSW5 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Lysosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C1 family.


FUNCTION: Possible splicing regulator involved in the control of cellular survival.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes an oxidative deamination of predominantly hydrophobic and aromatic L-amino acids, thus producing hydrogen peroxide that may contribute to the diverse toxic effects of this enzyme (By similarity). This enyzme shows activity on L-Leu (PubMed:29024770). This enzyme inhibits platelet aggregation in human platelet rich plasma induced by ADP (IC(50)=3.2 mg/mL), and shows antibacterial activities on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (P.aeruginosa, V.cholerae, S.aureus, E.faecalis and E.coli) (PubMed:29024770). These two effects are due to hydrogen peroxide, since they are inhibited by catalase (PubMed:29024770). It also induces edema in mouse paw pads but does not show hemolytic activity (PubMed:29024770). This protein may also have activities in hemorrhage, and apoptosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the flavin monoamine oxidase family. FIG1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes two activities which are involved in the adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis: decarboxylates L-threonine-O-3- phosphate to yield (R)-1-amino-2-propanol O-2-phosphate, the precursor for the linkage between the nucleotide loop and the corrin ring in cobalamin, and catalyzes amidations at positions B, D, E, and G on adenosylcobyrinic A,C-diamide. NH(2) groups are provided by glutamine, and one molecule of ATP is hydrogenolyzed for each amidation (By similarity). SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the CobB/CobQ family. CobQ subfamily. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the class-II pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Thionins are small plant proteins which are toxic to animal cells. They seem to exert their toxic effect at the level of the cell membrane. Their precise function is not known. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant thionin (TC 1.C.44) family.


FUNCTION: Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM240 family.


FUNCTION: The SufBCD complex acts synergistically with SufE to stimulate the cysteine desulfurase activity of SufS. The SufBCD complex contributes to the assembly or repair of oxygen-labile iron-sulfur clusters under oxidative stress. May facilitate iron uptake from extracellular iron chelators under iron limitation (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0051 (ycf24) family.


FUNCTION: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase which is found both free and covalently attached to the genomic RNA. May also contain guanylyl and methyl transferase activities (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=Minor amounts are incorporated in the virion.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor required for normal development of thymus, parathyroid glands, ultimobranchial bodies, teeth, skeletal elements of skull and larynx as well as distal limbs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes two reactions in de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the breakdown of 5-aminoimidazole- (N- succinylocarboxamide) ribotide (SAICAR or 2-[5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta- D-ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamido]succinate) to 5-aminoimidazole-4- carboxamide ribotide (AICAR or 5-amino-1-(5-phospho-beta-D- ribosyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide) and fumarate, and of adenylosuccinate (ADS or N(6)-(1,2-dicarboxyethyl)-AMP) to adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and fumarate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lyase 1 family. Adenylosuccinate lyase subfamily.


FUNCTION: One-component, b-type heme-containing aerobic sensor and transcriptional regulator that responds to CO by activating the expression of the oxidation operon cox. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Inhibits thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting and factor Xa- induced prothrombin activation. Binds to thrombin and prothrombin exosites. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snaclec family.


FUNCTION: Part of the processive rRNA transcription and antitermination complex (rrnTAC). The complex forms an RNA-chaperone ring around the RNA exit tunnel of RNA polymerase (RNAP). It supports rapid transcription and antitermination of rRNA operons, cotranscriptional rRNA folding, and annealing of distal rRNA regions to allow correct ribosome biogenesis (PubMed:32871103). Participates in both transcription termination and antitermination. Involved in a variety of cellular termination and antitermination processes, such as Rho- dependent transcriptional termination and intrinsic termination (PubMed:31020314). Domain AR2 interacts with a large number of other proteins and may serve as a platform to recruit these factors for transcriptional regulation (PubMed:31127279). Involved in phage lambda N-mediated transcriptional antitermination. Also important for coordinating the cellular responses to DNA damage by coupling the processes of nucleotide excision repair and translesion synthesis to transcription. FUNCTION: Participates in both transcription termination and antitermination. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Colocalizes with nucleoids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NusA family.


FUNCTION: Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase that catalyzes the transfer of an acyl from p-coumaryol-CoA to putrescine, to produce coumaroyl putrescine. Can use feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA as acyl donors. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant acyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family.