FUNCTION: The 1,2-PD-specific bacterial microcompartment (BMC) concentrates low levels of 1,2-PD catabolic enzymes, concentrates volatile reaction intermediates thus enhancing pathway flux and keeps the level of toxic, mutagenic propionaldehyde low. FUNCTION: Probably facilitates diffusion of 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) into the cell (Probable). Modeling suggests active transport of 1,2-PD is required at low extracellular concentrations to allow maximal growth and saturation of PduP/PduQ within the bacterial microcompartment (BMC); this protein may be the cellular transporter (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family.


FUNCTION: Glucosidase that hydrolyzes scopolin and various beta- glucosides, cellooligosaccharides (mainly cellotriose) and laminarioligosaccharides (PubMed:34965581). Can use p-nitrophenyl-beta- glucosides (pNP beta-Glc) and p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-fucosides (pNP beta- D-Fuc) as substrates, and, to a lower extent, beta-galactosides, beta- mannosides and beta-xylosides (PubMed:34965581). Involved in the secretion of root-derived phenolics upon iron ions (Fe) depletion (PubMed:25138267). Promotes disease resistance toward B.cinerea, H.arabidopsidis and P.syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (PubMed:25138267). Required during rhizobacteria-mediated (e.g. P.fluorescens WCS417r) broad-spectrum induced systemic resistance (ISR) against several pathogens (PubMed:25138267). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 1 family.


FUNCTION: The heterodimer acts as an E1 ligase for SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, and probably SUMO4. It mediates ATP-dependent activation of SUMO proteins followed by formation of a thioester bond between a SUMO protein and a conserved active site cysteine residue on UBA2/SAE2 (By similarity). FUNCTION: The heterodimer acts as an E1 ligase for SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, and probably SUMO4. It mediates ATP-dependent activation of SUMO proteins followed by formation of a thioester bond between a SUMO protein and a conserved active site cysteine residue on UBA2/SAE2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic component of the DSC E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes that tag proteins present in Golgi, endosome and vacuole membranes and function in protein homeostasis under non-stress conditions and support a role in protein quality control (PubMed:25078903, PubMed:29355480). Mediates ubiquitination of vacuolar proteins such as CPS1, PPN1, PEP12 and other proteins containing exposed hydrophilic residues within their transmembrane domains, leading to their sorting into internal vesicles in late endosomes (PubMed:11788821). Targets also the unpalmitoylated endosomal SNARE TLG1 to the MVB pathway (PubMed:15973437). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Acyl-CoA-independent ceramide synthase that catalyzes the conversion of dihydroceramide and also phytoceramide to dihydrosphingosine or phytosphingosine. Prefers dihydroceramide. Very low reverse hydrolysis activity, catalyzing synthesis of dihydroceramide from fatty acid and dihydrosphingosine. Is not responsible for the breakdown of unsaturated ceramide. May play a role in heat stress response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alkaline ceramidase family.


FUNCTION: In epithelial cells, the heterodimer gE/gI is required for the cell-to-cell spread of the virus, by sorting nascent virions to cell junctions. Once the virus reaches the cell junctions, virus particles can spread to adjacent cells extremely rapidly through interactions with cellular receptors that accumulate at these junctions. Implicated in basolateral spread in polarized cells. In neuronal cells, gE/gI is essential for the anterograde spread of the infection throughout the host nervous system. Together with US9, the heterodimer gE/gI is involved in the sorting and transport of viral structural components toward axon tips (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell junction Host Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=During virion morphogenesis, this protein probably accumulates in the endosomes and trans-Golgi where secondary envelopment occurs. It is probably transported to the cell surface from where it is endocytosed and directed to the trans-Golgi network (TGN), maybe through an interaction with PACS-1 sorting protein. The heterodimer gE/gI then redistributes to cell junctions to promote cell-cell spread later in the infection (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alphaherpesvirinae glycoprotein E family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein assembly (CIA) machinery. Required for the maturation of extramitochondrial Fe-S proteins. Part of an electron transfer chain functioning in an early step of cytosolic Fe-S biogenesis, facilitating the de novo assembly of a [4Fe-4S] cluster on the cytosolic Fe-S scaffold complex. Electrons are transferred from NADPH via a FAD- and FMN-containing diflavin oxidoreductase. Together with the diflavin oxidoreductase, also required for the assembly of the diferric tyrosyl radical cofactor of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), probably by providing electrons for reduction during radical cofactor maturation in the catalytic small subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Mitochondrion intermembrane space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the anamorsin family.


FUNCTION: G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for various alkaloids and psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity. May also play a role in regulating the release of other neurotransmitters. May play a role in vasoconstriction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the transport of the dicarboxylates fumarate, malate, and succinate across the cytoplasmic membrane via a Na(+)- electrochemical gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC13A/DASS transporter (TC 2.A.47) family. NADC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) I that catalyzes the reductive cleavage of methyl-coenzyme M (CoM-S-CH3 or 2- (methylthio)ethanesulfonate) using coenzyme B (CoB or 7- mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate) as reductant which results in the production of methane and the mixed heterodisulfide of CoB and CoM (CoM-S-S-CoB). This is the final step in methanogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyl-coenzyme M reductase alpha subunit family.


FUNCTION: Can catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single- stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single-stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic cleavage. FUNCTION: Can catalyze the hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of single- stranded DNA, the ATP-dependent uptake of single-stranded DNA by duplex DNA, and the ATP-dependent hybridization of homologous single-stranded DNAs. It interacts with LexA causing its activation and leading to its autocatalytic cleavage. Plays a central role in DNA metabolism, participating in general homologous recombination, recombinational (postreplication) DNA repair, and prophage induction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecA family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates position 2 of adenine 2503 in 23S rRNA and position 2 of adenine 37 in tRNAs. Confers resistance to some classes of antibiotics. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. RlmN family.


FUNCTION: Required for normal male fertility via maintenance of epithelial cell morphology in the caput epididymis and subsequently correct epididymis lumen structure required for sperm development (By similarity). Plays a role in sperm motility, flagella morphology and tyrosine phosphorylation during sperm capacitance (By similarity). Plays a role in normal expression levels of HSPA5, ITM2B and ADAM2 in sperm both prior to and post-capacitation (By similarity). This is a non catalytic metalloprotease-like protein (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Di19 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits of the DNA ejection of T4 into the host cytoplasm. By this means, T4 excludes superinfection by the phages of the same family. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Plays a regulatory role in autophagic activity. In complex with BCAS3, associates with the autophagosome formation site during both non-selective and selective autophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Preautophagosomal structure Note=The BCAS3:PHAF1 complex is recruited to the preautophagosomal structures adjacent to the damaged mitochondria upon mitophagy in a PRKN-PINK1 dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PHAF1 family.


FUNCTION: Component of a complex of multiple actin cross-linking proteins. Involved in the control of myofibril assembly and stability at the Z lines in muscle cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane, sarcolemma Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, myofibril, sarcomere, Z line Note=Sarcomeric, also localized to the sarcolemma (PubMed:10369880). Colocalizes with MYOZ1 at the Z-lines in skeletal muscle (PubMed:16076904). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the myotilin/palladin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the catabolism of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)(acetyl degradation route) and probably the 2-methylcitrate cycle I (propionate degradation route). Catalyzes the reversible isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis- aconitate. Could catalyze the hydration of 2-methyl-cis-aconitate to yield (2R,3S)-2-methylisocitrate. The apo form of AcnA functions as a RNA-binding regulatory protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0302 family.


FUNCTION: One of shell proteins of the carboxysome, a polyhedral inclusion where RuBisCO (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, ccbL-ccbS) is sequestered. Assembles into hexamers which make sheets that form the facets of the polyhedral carboxysome. The shell probably limits the diffusion of CO(2) into and out of the carboxysome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Carboxysome Note=This bacterium makes alpha-type carboxysomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial microcompartments protein family. CsoS1 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FRG2 family.


FUNCTION: Kinase involved in negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling. Substrate preference is farnesol > geraniol > geranylgeraniol, but has no activity with farnesyl phosphate. Can use CTP > ATP > GTP = UTP as phosphoryl donor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.


FUNCTION: Probable non-lysosomal thiol-protease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C2 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell growth. May play a role as a nucleotide-sugar transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. Lysosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SLC35F solute transporter family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor that regulates respiratory growth and plays a critical role in stress adaptation during non-fermentative growth (PubMed:11353088, PubMed:20975739, PubMed:25673751). Binds to promoters of genes involved in non-fermentative metabolism, including processes such as gluconeogenesis (PCK1, FBP1 and MDH2), glyoxylate shunt (MLS1 and ICL1) and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (ACO1) (PubMed:25673751). Plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial morphology and function (PubMed:25673751). Also plays a role in tolerance to pH and osmotic stress, especially during the oxidative metabolism (PubMed:25673751). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAL13 family.


FUNCTION: Conversion of NADPH, generated by peripheral catabolic pathways, to NADH, which can enter the respiratory chain for energy generation. FUNCTION: Conversion of NADPH, generated by peripheral catabolic pathways, to NADH, which can enter the respiratory chain for energy generation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in maintenance of mitochondrial morphology and in mediating either calcium or potassium/proton antiport (By similarity). Mediates proton-dependent calcium efflux from mitochondrion (By similarity). Functions also as an electroneutral mitochondrial proton/potassium exchanger (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of the tubular shape and cristae organization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LETM1 family.


FUNCTION: Forms part of the rodlet layer on the spore surface; despite their high similarity both RdlA and RdlB are required for rodlet formation (PubMed:12067338, PubMed:15228525). Plays a role in cell adhesion to polystyrene plates (PubMed:12067338). Forms amyloid-like fibrils in vitro composed of stacked beta-sheets (PubMed:28211492). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall Spore wall Note=Found on the surface of aerial hyphae and probably on the surface of the spore wall (PubMed:12067338). Rodlins probably contribute to the semi- transparent sheath-like structure which encapsulates spores, probably outside the chaplin layer (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rodlin family.


FUNCTION: [Granulin-3]: Inhibits epithelial cell proliferation and induces epithelial cells to secrete IL-8. FUNCTION: Secreted protein that acts as a key regulator of lysosomal function and as a growth factor involved in inflammation, wound healing and cell proliferation (By similarity). Regulates protein trafficking to lysosomes and, also the activity of lysosomal enzymes (By similarity). Facilitates also the acidification of lysosomes, causing degradation of mature CTSD by CTSB (By similarity). In addition, functions as wound-related growth factor that acts directly on dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells to promote division, migration and the formation of capillary-like tubule structures (By similarity). Also promotes epithelial cell proliferation by blocking TNF-mediated neutrophil activation preventing release of oxidants and proteases (By similarity). Moreover, modulates inflammation in neurons by preserving neurons survival, axonal outgrowth and neuronal integrity (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Granulin-7]: Stabilizes CTSD through interaction with CTSD leading to maintain its aspartic-type peptidase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Lysosome Note=Endocytosed by SORT1 and delivred to lysosomes. Targeted to lysosome by PSAP via M6PR and LRP1, in both biosynthetic and endocytic pathways (By similarity). Co-localized with GBA1 in the intracellular trafficking compartments until to lysosome (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the granulin family.


FUNCTION: Cell-wall hydrolase involved in septum cleavage during cell division. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 3 family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the intracellular domain of tumor necrosis factor type 1 receptor. The binding domain of TRAP1 and TRAP2 resides outside the death domain of TNFR1. FUNCTION: Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family.


FUNCTION: Amino acid sensor component of the SPS-sensor system, which regulates the expression of several amino acid-metabolizing enzymes and amino acid- and peptide-permeases in response to extracellular amino acid levels by controlling the activity of two transcription factors, STP1 and STP2. Amino-acid permease homolog that seems to interact directly with the extracellular signaling molecules, but has no amino acid transporter activity. May recruit casein kinases YCK1 and YCK2 to hyperphosphorylate and activate downstream component PTR3 in response to amino acid stimulus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily.


FUNCTION: RNA-binding protein. Inactive exonuclease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EXD1 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor, which in cooperation with EMX2, acts to generate the boundary between the roof and archipallium in the developing brain. May function in combinations with OTX1/2 to specify cell fates in the developing central nervous system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EMX homeobox family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CCDC149 family.


FUNCTION: Interferes with CBL-mediated down-regulation and degradation of receptor-type tyrosine kinases. Promotes accumulation of activated target receptors, such as T-cell receptors, EGFR and PDGFRB, on the cell surface. Exhibits negligigle protein tyrosine phosphatase activity at neutral pH. May act as a dominant-negative regulator of UBASH3B- dependent dephosphorylation. May inhibit dynamin-dependent endocytic pathways by functionally sequestering dynamin via its SH3 domain. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Nucleus.


FUNCTION: The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (sugar PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitantly with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II GmuABC PTS system is involved in the transport of oligo- glucomannans such as cellobiose or mannobiose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Part of the Sec protein translocase complex. Interacts with the SecYEG preprotein conducting channel. SecDF uses the proton motive force (PMF) to complete protein translocation after the ATP-dependent function of SecA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SecD/SecF family. SecD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Carrier of the growing fatty acid chain in fatty acid biosynthesis (By similarity). Accessory and non-catalytic subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), which functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. Accessory protein, of the core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex, that regulates, in association with LYRM4, the stability and the cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1 and participates in the [2Fe-2S] clusters assembly on the scaffolding protein ISCU (By similarity). The core iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly complex is involved in the de novo synthesis of a [2Fe-2S] cluster, the first step of the mitochondrial iron-sulfur protein biogenesis. This process is initiated by the cysteine desulfurase complex (NFS1:LYRM4:NDUFAB1) that produces persulfide which is delivered on the scaffold protein ISCU in a FXN-dependent manner. Then this complex is stabilized by FDX2 which provides reducing equivalents to accomplish the [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly. Finally, the [2Fe-2S] cluster is transferred from ISCU to chaperone proteins, including HSCB, HSPA9 and GLRX5 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acyl carrier protein (ACP) family.


FUNCTION: Putative Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of genes, probably via a modification of chromatin, rendering it heritably changed in its expressibility. Its association with a chromatin-remodeling complex suggests that it may contribute to prevent expression of genes that trigger the cell into mitosis. Binds to monomethylated and dimethylated 'Lys-20' on histone H4. Binds histone H3 peptides that are monomethylated or dimethylated on 'Lys-4', 'Lys-9' or 'Lys-27' (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Converts 2,5-diamino-6-(ribosylamino)-4(3h)-pyrimidinone 5'- phosphate into 5-amino-6-(ribosylamino)-2,4(1h,3h)-pyrimidinedione 5'- phosphate. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the HTP reductase family. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family.


FUNCTION: Seems to be a major component of sperm tail outer dense fibers (ODF). ODFs are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail and may help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. May have a modulating influence on sperm motility. Functions as a general scaffold protein that is specifically localized at the distal/subdistal appendages of mother centrioles. Component of the centrosome matrix required for the localization of PLK1 and NIN to the centrosomes. Required for the formation and/or maintenance of normal CETN1 assembly (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Cell projection, cilium Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Cell projection, cilium, flagellum Note=Localized at the microtubule organizing centers in interphase and spindle poles in mitosis. Localized at the distal/subdistal appendages of mother centrioles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ODF2 family.


FUNCTION: Required for transport from the ER to the Golgi complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synaptobrevin family.


FUNCTION: Has antibacterial activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom protein 11 family. 01 (wap-1) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Protein component of the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) of egg-laying females. Potent lipoprotein lipase inhibitor, preventing the loss of triglycerides from VLDL on their way from the liver to the growing oocytes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the apovitellenin family.


FUNCTION: Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (By similarity). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (By similarity). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc (By similarity). Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific manner (By similarity). The shared binding site between zinc and calcium suggests a crosstalk between zinc and calcium transport in the blood (By similarity). The rank order of affinity is zinc > calcium > magnesium (By similarity). Binds to the bacterial siderophore enterobactin and inhibits enterobactin-mediated iron uptake of E.coli from ferric transferrin, and may thereby limit the utilization of iron and growth of enteric bacteria such as E.coli (By similarity). Does not prevent iron uptake by the bacterial siderophore aerobactin (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family.


FUNCTION: Monoterpene synthase (TPS) involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpene natural products included in conifer oleoresin secretions and volatile emissions; these compounds contribute to biotic and abiotic stress defense against herbivores and pathogens (PubMed:23679205). Catalyzes the conversion of (2E)-geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to (+)-3-carene and, to a lower extent, to terpinolene (PubMed:23679205). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsd subfamily.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional factor that defines subclasses of motoneurons that segregate into columns in the spinal cord and select distinct axon pathways. Acts in conjunction with ISL-2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the production of glutathione from gamma- glutamylcysteine and glycine in an ATP-dependent manner. Glutathione (gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine, GSH) is the most abundant intracellular thiol in living aerobic cells and is required for numerous processes including the protection of cells against oxidative damage, amino acid transport, the detoxification of foreign compounds, the maintenance of protein sulfhydryl groups in a reduced state and acts as a cofactor for a number of enzymes. Participates in ophthalmate biosynthesis in hepatocytes (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic GSH synthase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cationic peptide 04 (cupiennin) family. 06 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in free fatty acids export. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TMEM14 family.


FUNCTION: Probably involved in the biogenesis of the ribosome.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex hrt involved in hemin import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. HrtA family.


FUNCTION: Assembly factor required for Rieske Fe-S protein UQCRFS1 incorporation into the cytochrome b-c1 (CIII) complex. Functions as a chaperone, binding to this subunit within the mitochondrial matrix and stabilizing it prior to its translocation and insertion into the late CIII dimeric intermediate within the mitochondrial inner membrane (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I LYR family.


FUNCTION: Component of the CENPA-NAC (nucleosome-associated) complex, a complex that plays a central role in assembly of kinetochore proteins, mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. The CENPA-NAC complex recruits the CENPA-CAD (nucleosome distal) complex and may be involved in incorporation of newly synthesized CENPA into centromeres. Part of a nucleosome-associated complex that binds specifically to histone H3- containing nucleosomes at the centromere, as opposed to nucleosomes containing CENPA. Component of the heterotetrameric CENP-T-W-S-X complex that binds and supercoils DNA, and plays an important role in kinetochore assembly. CENPT has a fundamental role in kinetochore assembly and function. It is one of the inner kinetochore proteins, with most further proteins binding downstream. Required for normal chromosome organization and normal progress through mitosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=Constitutively localizes to centromeres throughout the cell cycle, and to kinetochores during mitosis. Localizes to the inner kinetochore, and may connect it to the outer kinetochore via its N-terminus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CENP-T/CNN1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the export of nuclear mRNAs and involved in mRNA trafficking in the cytoplasm (PubMed:27016737, PubMed:28554770, PubMed:33602059). Component of the nuclear pore complex (NPC)- associated TREX-2/AMEX complex (anchoring and mRNA export complex) which functions in docking export-competent ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) to the nuclear entrance of the nuclear pore complex (nuclear basket), thereby enabling the export of mRNAs to the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores (PubMed:27016737, PubMed:28554770, PubMed:33602059). Within the complex, specifically promotes the association of factors involved in regulating nuclear mRNA export, such as Moe, sbr/NXF1 and the ORC complex, to the mRNPs particles (PubMed:27016737, PubMed:28554770, PubMed:33602059). In the cytoplasm, functions independently of its role in the TREX-2/AMEX complex, to promote cytoplasmic mRNA trafficking together with nudC (PubMed:33602059). Associates with translationally active polysomes (PubMed:18086857). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Nucleus membrane Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Note=Shuttles in and out of the nucleus by a emb/Crm1-dependent mechanism (PubMed:18086857). The ubiquitinated forms are localized to the cytoplasm, the nonubiquitinated forms are localized to the nucleus, and both forms are associated with the nuclear membrane (PubMed:33602059). Associated with cytoplasmic microtubules (PubMed:33602059). Associates with mRNA in the nucleus and cytoplasm (PubMed:33602059). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CSN12 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of N(7)-methylguanine at position 46 (m7G46) in tRNA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TrmB family.


FUNCTION: Kinesin-like motor protein that promotes synapsis and is required for proper crossover distribution in meiosis (PubMed:25330379). Plays a role in the nuclear division cycles during megagametogenesis (PubMed:24667993). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: [Vessel dilator]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation. May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase. However reports on the involvement of this peptide in mammal blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis are conflicting; according to a report it is not sufficient to activate cGMP and does not inhibit collecting duct transport nor effect diuresis and natriuresis. Appears to bind to specific receptors that are distinct from the receptors bound by the atrial natriuretic and long-acting natriuretic peptides. Possibly functions in protein excretion in urine by maintaining the integrity of the proximal tubules and enhancing protein excretion by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption. FUNCTION: [Auriculin-A]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, vasodilates intestinal smooth muscle but not smooth muscle strips. FUNCTION: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis, and is involved in vascular remodeling and regulating energy metabolism (PubMed:8760210, PubMed:22437503, PubMed:12890708). Acts by specifically binding and stimulating NPR1 to produce cGMP, which in turn activates effector proteins, such as PRKG1, that drive various biological responses (PubMed:12890708). Regulates vasodilation, natriuresis, diuresis and aldosterone synthesis and is therefore essential for regulating blood pressure, controlling the extracellular fluid volume and maintaining the fluid-electrolyte balance (PubMed:8760210, PubMed:22437503). Also involved in inhibiting cardiac remodeling and cardiac hypertrophy by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and attenuating the growth of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts (By similarity). Plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus, and thus prevents pregnancy-induced hypertension (PubMed:22437503). In adipose tissue, acts in various cGMP- and PKG- dependent pathways to regulate lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis (By similarity). This includes up-regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial oxygen utilization by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and increasing energy expenditure by acting via MAPK11 to promote the UCP1-dependent thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (By similarity). Binds the clearance receptor NPR3 which removes the hormone from circulation (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Kaliuretic peptide]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of diuresis and inhibiting aldosterone synthesis. In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation. May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+- ATPase. May have a role in potassium excretion but not sodium excretion (natriuresis). Possibly enhances protein excretion in urine by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption. FUNCTION: [Auriculin-B]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis and in vitro, vasodilates renal artery strips. FUNCTION: [Atriopeptin-2]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, selectively vasodilates intestinal and vascular smooth muscle strips. FUNCTION: [Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: May have a role in cardio- renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and inhibiting aldosterone synthesis. In vitro, promotes the production of cGMP and induces vasodilation. May promote natriuresis, at least in part, by enhancing prostaglandin E2 synthesis resulting in the inhibition of renal Na+-K+-ATPase (By similarity). However reports on the involvement of this peptide in mammal blood volume and blood pressure homeostasis are conflicting; according to a report, in vivo it is not sufficient to activate cGMP and does not inhibit collecting duct transport nor effect diuresis and natriuresis (By similarity). Appears to bind to specific receptors that are distinct from the receptors bound by atrial natriuretic peptide and vessel dilator. Possibly enhances protein excretion in urine by decreasing proximal tubular protein reabsorption (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Urodilatin]: Hormone produced in the kidneys that appears to be important for maintaining cardio-renal homeostasis. Mediates vasodilation, natriuresis and diuresis primarily in the renal system, in order to maintain the extracellular fluid volume and control the fluid-electrolyte balance. Specifically binds and stimulates cGMP production by renal transmembrane receptors, likely NPR1. Urodilatin not ANP, may be the natriuretic peptide responsible for the regulation of sodium and water homeostasis in the kidney. FUNCTION: [Atriopeptin-1]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis. In vitro, selectively vasodilates intestinal smooth muscle but not vascular smooth muscle strips. FUNCTION: [Auriculin-D]: May have a role in cardio-renal homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis and vasodilation. In vivo promotes natriuresis and in vitro, vasodilates renal artery strips. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Long-acting natriuretic peptide]: Secreted Note=Detected in blood. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Vessel dilator]: Secreted Note=Detected in blood. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Kaliuretic peptide]: Secreted Note=Detected in blood. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Urodilatin]: Secreted Note=Detected in urine. Not detected in blood. Increased electrolytes, osmolality and intracellular cAMP levels increase peptide secretion/excretion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atriopeptin-3]: Secreted Note=Detected in blood. Slight increase in secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Atrial natriuretic peptide]: Secreted Perikaryon Cell projection Note=Detected in blood. Detected in urine in one study. However, in another study, was not detected in urine. Detected in cytoplasmic bodies and neuronal processes of pyramidal neurons (layers II-VI) (By similarity). Increased secretion in response to the vasopressin AVP (By similarity). Likely to be secreted in response to an increase in atrial pressure or atrial stretch. In kidney cells, secretion increases in response to activated guanylyl cyclases and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plasma levels increase 15 minutes after a high-salt meal, and decrease back to normal plasma levels 1 hr later (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family.


FUNCTION: KAHRP might mimick human histidine-rich glycoproteins to anchor host thrombospondin or a parasite analog in a binding complex with the endothelial cell receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Cytoplasmic side of the membrane of infected erythrocytes.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transamination reaction between L-asparagine and 2-oxoglutarate to produce L-glutamate and 2-oxosuccinamate (PubMed:22569339). Is not active with pyruvate as amine acceptor (PubMed:22569339). May also use other amino acids as substrates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: UDP-glucuronosyltransferases catalyze phase II biotransformation reactions in which lipophilic substrates are conjugated with glucuronic acid to increase water solubility and enhance excretion. They are of major importance in the conjugation and subsequent elimination of potentially toxic xenobiotics and endogenous compounds (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: ATP-dependent 3'-5' DNA helicase, component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH (TFIIH) core complex, which is involved in general and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (NER) of damaged DNA and, when complexed to CAK, in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. In NER, TFIIH acts by opening DNA around the lesion to allow the excision of the damaged oligonucleotide and its replacement by a new DNA fragment. The ATPase activity of XPB, but not its helicase activity, is required for DNA opening. In transcription, TFIIH has an essential role in transcription initiation. When the pre-initiation complex (PIC) has been established, TFIIH is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. The ATP-dependent helicase activity of XPB is required for promoter opening and promoter escape. Phosphorylation of the C-terminal tail (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II by the kinase module CAK controls the initiation of transcription. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the helicase family. RAD25/XPB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Broad spectrum multifunctional glucosyltransferase. In addition to hydroquinone it accepts at least 45 natural and synthetic phenols as well as two cinnamyl alcohols as substrates. Hydroquinone was however the best substrate. In contrast to this broad acceptor substrate specificity, only pyrimidine nucleotide activated glucose is tolerated as a donor substrate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Anti-inflammatory antagonist of interleukin-1 family of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta/IL1B and interleukin-1alpha/IL1A. Protects from immune dysregulation and uncontrolled systemic inflammation triggered by IL1 for a range of innate stimulatory agents such as pathogens. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-1 family.


FUNCTION: May have hydrolase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAH family.


FUNCTION: Induces cartilage and bone formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TGF-beta family.


FUNCTION: LEA proteins are late embryonic proteins abundant in higher plant seed embryos. They may play an essential role in seed survival and in controlling water exchanges during seed desiccation and imbibition. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small hydrophilic plant seed protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of proline to tRNA(Pro) in a two- step reaction: proline is first activated by ATP to form Pro-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Pro). Can inadvertently accommodate and process non-cognate amino acids such as cysteine and alanine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. ProS type 3 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the final step of sucrose synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sucrose phosphatase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transketolase family.


FUNCTION: Dual specificity phosphatase able to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine, phosphoserine and phosphothreonine residues within the same substrate, with a preference for phosphotyrosine as a substrate (By similarity). Involved in the modulation of AMPK and MAPK1/2 signaling pathways (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mimivirus L74/L77/R857 family.


FUNCTION: Insulin-independent facilitative glucose transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endomembrane system; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Note=Localizes primarily perinuclear region in the absence of insulin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily.


FUNCTION: Specifically inhibits C-type lysozymes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor Note=Anchored to the periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MliC family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in processing of pneumocyte surfactant precursors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A1 family.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional activator involved in cell elongation. Regulates the expression of a subset of genes involved in cell expansion by binding to the G-box motif. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Involved in the high-affinity maltose membrane transport system. Initial receptor for the active transport of and chemotaxis toward maltooligosaccharides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the two-electron reduction of urocanate to dihydrourocanate (also named imidazole propionate or deamino- histidine). The physiological electron donor is unknown; it might be the membrane-bound tetraheme cytochrome c (CymA). Enables anaerobic growth with urocanate as a sole terminal electron acceptor, and thus can provide the cells with a niche where no other bacteria can compete and survive. Is unable to reduce cinnamate and other unsaturated organic acids such as acrylic, crotonic, fumaric and orotic acids. Has no fumarate reductase or succinate dehydrogenase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor; Periplasmic side Note=Is associated, but not too tight, with the membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAD-dependent oxidoreductase 2 family. FRD/SDH subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase which is involved the nonphosphorylated Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Catalyzes the oxidation of D-glyceraldehyde to yield glycerate. When the artificial electron acceptor 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (Cl2Ind) is used, the enzyme shows a broad substrate range (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde and isobutyraldehyde), but is most active with D-glyceraldehyde. It is not known which acceptor is utilized in vivo. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of cytokinins, a family of N(6)- substituted adenine derivatives that are plant hormones, where the substituent is an isopentenyl group. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oxygen-dependent FAD-linked oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Together with the cullin protein ANAPC2, constitutes the catalytic component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. May recruit the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to the complex. FUNCTION: Together with the cullin protein ANAPC2, constitutes the catalytic component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. May recruit the E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes to the complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RING-box family.


FUNCTION: Cytoskeletal protein that is involved in cell-shape control through regulation of the length of the long axis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein Note=Forms helical filaments along the long axis of the cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RodZ family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS4 family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes (PubMed:7986817). Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In a first phase, voltage- gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels rapidly return to baseline. Required for normal embryonic heart development and the onset of heart contractions (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC 2.A.19) family. SLC8 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Metalloproteinase with a rather broad substrate specificity that can degrade fibronectin, laminin, gelatins of type I, III, IV, and V; collagens III, IV, X, and IX, and cartilage proteoglycans. Activates different molecules including growth factors, plasminogen or other matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP9 (PubMed:11029580, PubMed:1371271). Once released into the extracellular matrix (ECM), the inactive pro-enzyme is activated by the plasmin cascade signaling pathway (PubMed:2383557). Acts also intracellularly (PubMed:22265821). For example, in dopaminergic neurons, gets activated by the serine protease HTRA2 upon stress and plays a pivotal role in DA neuronal degeneration by mediating microglial activation and alpha- synuclein/SNCA cleavage (PubMed:21330369). In addition, plays a role in immune response and possesses antiviral activity against various viruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza A virus (H1N1) and human herpes virus 1 (PubMed:35940311). Mechanistically, translocates from the cytoplasm into the cell nucleus upon virus infection to influence NF-kappa-B activities (PubMed:35940311). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M10A family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the removal of elemental sulfur from cysteine to produce alanine. It supplies the inorganic sulfur for iron-sulfur (Fe- S) clusters in mitosomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. NifS/IscS subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. KIN-13 subfamily.


FUNCTION: As part of the heterotrimeric replication protein A complex (RPA/RP-A), binds and stabilizes single-stranded DNA intermediates, that form during DNA replication or upon DNA stress. It prevents their reannealing and in parallel, recruits and activates different proteins and complexes involved in DNA metabolism. Thereby, it plays an essential role both in DNA replication and the cellular response to DNA damage. In the cellular response to DNA damage, the RPA complex controls DNA repair and DNA damage checkpoint activation. Through recruitment of ATRIP activates the ATR kinase a master regulator of the DNA damage response. It is required for the recruitment of the DNA double-strand break repair factors RAD51 and RAD52 to chromatin in response to DNA damage. Also recruits to sites of DNA damage proteins like XPA and XPG that are involved in nucleotide excision repair and is required for this mechanism of DNA repair. Also plays a role in base excision repair (BER) probably through interaction with UNG. Also recruits SMARCAL1/HARP, which is involved in replication fork restart, to sites of DNA damage. May also play a role in telomere maintenance. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Nucleus, PML body Note=Redistributes to discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage in an ATR-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the replication factor A protein 2 family.


FUNCTION: Monoterpene synthase involved in the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (PubMed:25956881). Mediates the conversion of (2E)- geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into the acyclic monoterpene, geraniol (PubMed:25956881). Does not use (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) as substrate (PubMed:25956881). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsg subfamily.


FUNCTION: Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Can phosphorylate casein, phosvitin, myosin light chains and poly(Glu,Tyr) in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CK1 Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Casein kinase I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Possibly has a role in RNA transcription or processing during stress.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex ThiBPQ involved in thiamine import (PubMed:9535878). Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (Probable). Is also involved in thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) transport (PubMed:9535878). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Thiamine importer (TC 3.A.1.19.1) family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: To E.coli YtfN.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that specifically binds DNA of heat shock promoter elements (HSE). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HSF family. Class C subfamily.


FUNCTION: Facilitative hexose transporter that mediates the transport of glucose, fructose and galactose. Likely mediates the bidirectional transfer of glucose across the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and is responsible for uptake of glucose by the beta cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily.


FUNCTION: Kinase that phosphorylates MYL2 in vitro (PubMed:18202317, PubMed:17885681). Has been proposed to be calmodulin-dependent (PubMed:17885681), although MYL2 phosphorylation has also been observed in the presence or absence of calmodulin (PubMed:18202317). Promotes sarcomere formation in cardiomyocytes and increases cardiomyocyte contractility (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Antimicrobial peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Target cell membrane Note=Forms an alpha-helical membrane channel in the prey. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily. Short antimicrobial peptide (group 4) family.


FUNCTION: Unconventional myosin that functions as actin-based motor protein with ATPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in endosomal protein trafficking, and especially in the transfer of cargo proteins from early to recycling endosomes (PubMed:11208135). Required for normal planar cell polarity in ciliated tracheal cells, for normal rotational polarity of cilia, and for coordinated, unidirectional ciliary movement in the trachea. Required for normal, polarized cilia organization in brain ependymal epithelial cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Perikaryon Cell projection, dendrite Early endosome Cytoplasm, cell cortex Note=Colocalizes with the actin cytoskeleton in the cell cortex close to the apical cell membrane (PubMed:11208135). Colocalizes with cytoplasmic puncta that are reminiscent of transport vesicles (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family.


FUNCTION: As a subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2), involved in the early steps of protein synthesis. In the presence of GTP, eIF-2 forms a ternary complex with initiator tRNA Met-tRNAi and then recruits the 40S ribosomal complex and initiation factors eIF-1, eIF-1A and eIF-3 to form the 43S pre-initiation complex (43S PIC), a step that determines the rate of protein translation. The 43S PIC binds to mRNA and scans downstream to the initiation codon, where it forms a 48S initiation complex by codon-anticodon base pairing. This leads to the displacement of eIF-1 to allow GTPase-activating protein (GAP) eIF- 5-mediated hydrolysis of eIF2-bound GTP. Hydrolysis of GTP and release of Pi, which makes GTP hydrolysis irreversible, causes the release of the eIF-2-GDP binary complex from the 40S subunit, an event that is essential for the subsequent joining of the 60S ribosomal subunit to form an elongation-competent 80S ribosome. In order for eIF-2 to recycle and catalyze another round of initiation, the GDP bound to eIF- 2 must be exchanged with GTP by way of a reaction catalyzed by GDP-GTP exchange factor (GEF) eIF-2B. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EIF2G subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in dorsal-ventral patterning. Required for specification of a narrow strip of dorsal midline cells that will give rise to the amnioserosa, but not for specification of dorsal ectoderm cells. Inhibits BMP signaling; enhances the binding of sog to dpp, thus enhancing the antagonistic activity of sog. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the twisted gastrulation protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of the xenobiocide pentachlorophenol (PCP) (PubMed:19325743, PubMed:23676275). Catalyzes the reduction of tetrachlorobenzoquinone (TCBQ) to yield tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) (PubMed:19325743, PubMed:23676275). Also able to reduce 2,6-dichloroindophenol (DCIP) (PubMed:23676275). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDR/VanB family.


FUNCTION: Lectin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the leguminous lectin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EamA transporter family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CutC family.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the indole diterpenes nodulisporic acids (NA). Nodulisporic acid A (NAA) and its chemically modified derivatives are of particular significance because of their highly potent insecticidal activity against blood-feeding arthropods and lack of observable adverse effects on mammals, in particular the tremogenicity associated with the paspaline-derived IDTs is not observed (PubMed:29283570). The geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) synthase ggs1, localized outside of the cluster, is proposed to catalyze the first step in nodulisporic acid biosynthesis via conversion of farnesyl pyrophosphate and isopentyl pyrophosphate into geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) (PubMed:29283570). Condensation of indole-3- glycerol phosphate with GGPP by the prenyl transferase nodC then forms 3-geranylgeranylindole (3-GGI) (PubMed:29283570). Epoxidation by the FAD-dependent monooxygenase nodM leads to a single-epoxidized-GGI that is substrate of the terpene cyclase nodB for cyclization to yield emindole SB (PubMed:29283570). The terminal methyl carbon, C28, of emindole SB is then oxidized by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase nodW to produce nodulisporic acid F (NAF), the pentacyclic core of NAA (PubMed:29283570). NAF is converted to nodulisporic acid E (NAE) via prenylation. This step is probably performed by one of the indole diterpene prenyltransferases nodD1 or nodD2 (Probable). Several oxidation steps performed by the FAD-linked oxidoreductase nodO and one of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase nodR, nodX or nodZ further convert NAE to nodulisporic acid D (NAD) (Probable). NAD is substrate of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase nodJ to produce the precursor of nodulisporic acid C (NAC), converted to NAC by one of the indole diterpene prenyltransferases nodD1 or nodD2 (Probable). The FAD- dependent monooxygenase nodY2 then oxidizes NAC to nodulisporic acid B (NAB) (Probable). Finally NAB is converted to NAA by one of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases nodR, nodX or nodZ (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein; Periplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial PQQ dehydrogenase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL29 family.


FUNCTION: Probably participates in a plant defense mechanism (Probable). Active against Gram-negative bacteria E.coli ATCC 700926 (MIC=1.0 uM), K.pneumoniae ATTC 13883 (MIC=5.5 uM) and P.aeruginosa ATCC 39018 (MIC=7.5 uM) (PubMed:21596752). Has hemolytic and cytotoxic activity (PubMed:21596752). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cyclotide family. Bracelet subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synaptotagmin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the uptake of glucose. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GRP transporter (TC 2.A.7.5) family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the 23S rRNA. Forms part of the polypeptide exit tunnel. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL39 family.


FUNCTION: Activates the small RNA gene sgrS under glucose-phosphate stress conditions as well as yfdZ. Represses its own transcription under both stress and non-stress conditions. Might act as a sensor of the intracellular accumulation of phosphoglucose by binding these molecules in its C-terminal solute-binding domain.


FUNCTION: Involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the GPI third mannose which links the GPI-anchor to the C-terminus of the proteins by an amide bond. Involved in cell wall biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGO subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for nuclear membrane fusion during karyogamy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Nucleus membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the KAR5 family.


FUNCTION: Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response, including response to organic acid stress. FUNCTION: Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. This sigma factor is the master transcriptional regulator of the stationary phase and the general stress response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sigma-70 factor family. RpoS subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin between membranes (By similarity). Required for COPI-mediated retrograde transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum; phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine transfer activity is essential for this function (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus membrane Endoplasmic reticulum membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PtdIns transfer protein family. PI transfer class I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of guanosine and inosine to GMP and IMP, respectively (PubMed:9357959, PubMed:11129609). Can also use deoxyguanosine (PubMed:9357959). Shows a strong preference for guanosine (PubMed:9357959). dATP, GTP and dGTP can serve as phosphate donors (PubMed:9357959). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.


FUNCTION: Activates the protein kinase activity of mTORC1, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. Stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K1 and EIF4EBP1 through activation of mTORC1 signaling. Has low intrinsic GTPase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endomembrane system; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Golgi apparatus membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasm, cytosol Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rheb family.


FUNCTION: Agglutinates erythrocytes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 10 (Hwtx-1) family. 51 (Hntx-8) subfamily. Hntx-8 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Plays an essential role in natural DNA transformation but is not required for pilus biogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Cell outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Periplasm Note=The single N-terminal transmembrane is initially involved in the correct localization to the inner membrane. Once the leader sequence cleaved, this region plays a role in multimerization and protein-protein interactions in the periplasm and the outer membrane.


FUNCTION: K(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes potassium in exchange for external protons and maintains the internal concentration of potassium under toxic levels. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. NhaP2 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the strictosidine synthase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cleavage factor I (CF I) involved in pre- mRNA 3'-end processing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CPSF4/YTH1 family.


FUNCTION: Pigment protein that is intensely purple in color. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GFP family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae UL96 family.


FUNCTION: Assembly factor required for Rieske Fe-S protein RIP1 incorporation into the cytochrome b-c1 (CIII) complex. Functions as a chaperone, binding to this subunit within the mitochondrial matrix and stabilizing it prior to its translocation and insertion into the late CIII dimeric intermediate within the mitochondrial inner membrane. Modulates the mitochondrial matrix zinc pool (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I LYR family. MZM1 subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 7 family.


FUNCTION: Glucosidase involved in the degradation of cellulosic biomass. Active on lichenan (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.


FUNCTION: Decomposes hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen; serves to protect cells from the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide. Could protect cells in nodules which have a high potential to produce hydrogen peroxide because of the strong reducing conditions required for nitrogen fixation and the action of several proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the catalase family.


FUNCTION: Cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative branch within the pentose phosphate pathway/shunt, an alternative route to glycolysis for the dissimilation of carbohydrates and a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for fatty acid and nucleic acid biosynthetic processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Required for oocyte nuclear envelope breakdown before entry of oocyte into spermatheca (PubMed:10660671). In meiotic cells, required for spindle dynamics and probably for spindle attachment to the chromosomes (PubMed:10660671). Zygotic role in the development of the germline and nerve cord (PubMed:10660671). In mitotic cells, plays a role in spindle organization and centrosome maturation (PubMed:20823068). Involved in asymmetric nuclear localization of cdc- 25.1 during embryogenesis which affects cell division timing (PubMed:18305005, PubMed:18316412, PubMed:20823068). Together with plk- 2, regulates cytoplasm polarity in early embryos (PubMed:18199581, PubMed:18316412, PubMed:18305005). May play a minor role in chromosome pairing and synapsis during oocyte meiosis I (PubMed:22018922). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Midbody Cytoplasm Nucleus Chromosome Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=In mitosis, remains associated with centrosomes entering prophase through to anaphase. During metaphase, embryos show anterior enrichment and located to the chromosomes of the metaphase plate. In meiosis, detected at centrosomes after pronuclear meeting in post-meiotic 1-cell embryos. Associated with chromatin during chromosome segregation of anaphase and in the region between the dividing chromosomes. Cytoplasmic in mature, unfertilized oocytes (PubMed:10660671). Asymmetric cytoplasmic localization is regulated by mex-5 and mex-6 (PubMed:18199581, PubMed:18316412). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC5/Polo subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sorting nexin family.


FUNCTION: Component of SEC61 channel-forming translocon complex that mediates transport of signal peptide-containing precursor polypeptides across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Forms a ribosome receptor and a gated pore in the ER membrane, both functions required for cotranslational translocation of nascent polypeptides. May cooperate with auxiliary protein SEC62, SEC63 and HSPA5/BiP to enable post- translational transport of small presecretory proteins. The SEC61 channel is also involved in ER membrane insertion of transmembrane proteins: it mediates membrane insertion of the first few transmembrane segments of proteins, while insertion of subsequent transmembrane regions of multi-pass membrane proteins is mediated by the multi-pass translocon (MPT) complex. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SecY/SEC61-alpha family.


FUNCTION: Modulates cell-to-cell trafficking. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Cell junction, plasmodesma Note=Co- localizes with the Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) 2B-MP at the base of tubules within modified plasmodesmata. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cysteine-rich repeat secretory protein family. Plasmodesmata-located proteins (PDLD) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required for disulfide bond formation in some proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DsbB family. BdbC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Contracts smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, regulates growth hormone release, modulates insulin release, and may be involved in the control of adrenal secretion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the galanin family.


FUNCTION: May control cell migration by relaying extracellular chemotactic signals to the microtubule cytoskeleton. Mediator of ERBB2 signaling. The MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway plays an important role in ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It controls the localization of APC and CLASP2 to the cell membrane, via the regulation of GSK3B activity. In turn, membrane-bound APC allows the localization of the MACF1 to the cell membrane, which is required for microtubule capture and stabilization (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MEMO1 family.


FUNCTION: Species-specific sea urchin sperm protein required for adhesion of sperm to the egg surface during fertilization. Bindin coats the acrosomal process after it is externalized by the acrosome reaction. It binds to sulfated, fucose-containing polysaccharides on the vitelline layer receptor proteoglycans which cover the egg plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, acrosome membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bindin family.


FUNCTION: May play a key role in regulating the relative amounts of cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow to meet the demands of the plant for ATP and reducing power. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma. Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side Note=In the vicinity of the photosystem I in the non-stacked and fringe portion of the membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex PstSACB involved in phosphate import. FUNCTION: Functions in inorganic phosphate uptake, although probably not the main uptake protein under phosphate starvation (PubMed:15731097, PubMed:20933472). Binds phosphate; probably able to bind both H(2)PO(4)(-) and HPO(4)(2-) (PubMed:8294447, PubMed:12842040). Part of the ABC transporter complex PstSACB involved in phosphate import (Probable). FUNCTION: A host TLR2 agonist (toll-like receptor), shown experimentally for human and mouse (PubMed:1906192, PubMed:19362712). Requires both host TLR1 and TLR2 as coreceptors to elicit host response in mouse (TLR6 may also play a role) neither CD14 or CD36 function as accessory receptors (PubMed:19362712). Protein purified from culture filtrate induces host (human) monocytes to produce TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-12 p40 (IL12B) via ERK1/2 (MAPK3 and MAPK1) and p38 MAPK pathways; MEK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059 and p38 inhibitor SB203580 block most cytokine production (PubMed:16622205). Host ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK activation is mediated mainly by TLR2, but also partially by TLR4, and unlike the case for lipoprotein LpqH the protein moiety of PstS1 seems to be the antigenic agent (PubMed:16622205). Greater activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK is seen in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis than in tuberculin-negative patients (PubMed:16622205). Induces apoptosis when incubated with human monocyte-derived macrophages via TLR2 (PubMed:19140873). Protein purified from culture filtrate acts via TLR2 and TLR4 to induce host macrophage (shown for mouse) endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis via MAPK (at least JNK), C-C motif chemokine 2 (MCP-1, Ccl2) and ZC3H12 endoribonucleases (MCPIP, Zc3h12) (PubMed:25544271). Functions as an adhesin, binds to human and mouse macrophages via mannose residues, binds to the mouse macrophage mannose receptor (possibly Mrc1) and mediates bacterial phagocytosis (PubMed:25359607). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Cell surface Secreted, cell wall Secreted Note=A soluble cell wall-associated protein (PubMed:10426995). Also found in culture filtrate in increasing quantities during growth (PubMed:1906192, PubMed:16622205). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PstS family.


FUNCTION: Required for lin-12 degradation after it has been internalised in the vulval precursor cells.


FUNCTION: Secreted effector that translocates into the nuclei of host cells to reprogram the expression of immunity-associated genes by binding to effector binding elements (EBEs) in rice (PubMed:33203871). Binds the 5'-CCACCTCC-3' EBE of promoters from targeted rice genes and probably recruits a yet to be determined host repressor (PubMed:33203871). Causes ambivalent immunity with increased susceptibility to the hemibiotrophic pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, but enhances resistance to Cochliobolus miyabeanus, a necrotrophic pathogen (PubMed:33203871). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host nucleus Note=Secreted via the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) and translocated into the nuclei of initially penetrated and surrounding cells.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the interconversion of L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose (PubMed:14243758, PubMed:2558952, PubMed:8564401, PubMed:1650346). Can also catalyze the isomerization of L-lyxose to L-xylulose (PubMed:1650346). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rhamnose isomerase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rhamnose isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in a high affinity multicomponent binding-protein- dependent transport system for glycine betaine, carnitine and choline; probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. CysTW subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through a tunnel in the LSU and interact with protein factors that function in enzymatic processing, targeting, and the membrane insertion of nascent chains at the exit of the ribosomal tunnel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=The SYO1-uL5-uL18 complex is transported into the nucleus by KAP104. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL5 family.


FUNCTION: Oxidation of bilirubin and other tetrapyrroles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits trypsin (IC(50)=6.20 nM), neutrophil elastase (ELANE) and, to a lesser extent, alpha-chymotrypsin (IC(50)=3.44 uM). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Bowman-Birk serine protease inhibitor family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the kiwellin family.


FUNCTION: A scaffold on which IscS assembles Fe-S clusters. Subsequently gives the nascent cluster to other proteins. It is likely that Fe-S cluster coordination is flexible as the role of this complex is to build and then hand off Fe-S clusters (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NifU family.


FUNCTION: Guanine-nucleotide-releasing protein that acts on members of the sec4/ypt1/rab subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DSS4/MSS4 family.


FUNCTION: Mediates the hydrolysis of oxidized nucleoside diphosphate derivatives. Hydrolyzes 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxo-Gua)-containing deoxyribo- and ribonucleoside diphosphates to the monophosphates. Hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGDP and 8-oxo-GDP with the same efficiencies. Hydrolyzes also 8-OH-dADP and 2-OH-dADP. Exhibited no or minimal hydrolysis activity against 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-GTP, dGTP, GTP, dGDP and GDP. Probably removes oxidized guanine nucleotides from both the DNA and RNA precursor pools (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta chain family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the reductive branch of L-leucine fermentation. Required for the activation of (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA dehydratase. The reduced activator transfers one electron to the dehydratase concomitant with hydrolysis of ATP. This protein is extremely sensitive towards oxygen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HadI activator family.


FUNCTION: May play a key role in regulating the relative amounts of cyclic and non-cyclic electron flow to meet the demands of the plant for ATP and reducing power. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Stromal side Note=In the vicinity of the photosystem I in the non-stacked and fringe portion of the membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferredoxin--NADP reductase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex MglABC involved in galactose/methyl galactoside import. Probably responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family. AraH/RbsC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP. FUNCTION: Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the selenophosphate synthase 1 family. Class I subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the selenophosphate synthase 1 family. Class I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Oxidase that catalyzes the conversion of cysteine to 3- oxoalanine on target proteins. 3-oxoalanine modification, which is also named formylglycine (fGly), occurs in the maturation of arylsulfatases and some alkaline phosphatases that use the hydrated form of 3- oxoalanine as a catalytic nucleophile. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sulfatase-modifying factor family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the exchange of L-carnitine for gamma- butyrobetaine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BCCT transporter (TC 2.A.15) family. CaiT subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATP-dependent AMP-binding enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes host peptidoglycans during virus entry. FUNCTION: Acts as a primer for DNA elongation during viral genomic replication. Acts as the small terminase protein during packaging. Recruits the phage DNA polymerase to the bacterial nucleoid. Primer terminal protein (TP) is covalently linked to the 5'-ends of both strands of the genome through a phosphodiester bond between the beta- hydroxyl group of a serine residue and the 5'-phosphate of the terminal deoxyadenylate (dAMP). To start replication, the DNA polymerase forms a heterodimer with a free TP that recognizes the replication origins at both 5' ends of the linear chromosome, and initiates replication using as primer the OH-group of Ser-232 of the TP. Since the polymerase initiates the replication on the second thymine, the TP-dAMP initiation product slides backwards to recover the template information of the first nucleotide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=Associates with the host bacterial nucleoid through its N-terminal region. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phi29likevirus DNA terminal protein family.


FUNCTION: Component of the floral volatile benzenoid/phenylpropanoid (FVBPs) biosynthetic pathway (PubMed:19811620). Mediates the conversion of chorismate to prephenate, thus coupling metabolites from the shikimate pathway to the synthesis of FVBPs in the corolla (PubMed:19811620). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the repression of SyrM activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SyrB family.


FUNCTION: May act as a polo kinase kinase by mediating phosphorylation of plk1/plx1 and subsequent activation of plk1/plx1 during oocyte maturation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Iota-conotoxins bind to voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) and act as agonists by shifting the voltage-dependence of activation to more hyperpolarized levels. Produces general excitatory symptoms (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin I1 superfamily.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of aculins (PubMed:26374386). The pathway begins with the synthesis of 6-methylsalicylic acid by the polyketide synthase (PKS) acuA via condensation of acetate and malonate units (PubMed:26374386). The 6-methylsalicylic acid decarboxylase acuB then catalyzes the decarboxylation of 6-methylsalicylic acid to yield m- cresol (also known as 3-methylphenol) (Probable). These first reactions occur in the cytosol (By similarity). The intermediate m-cresol is then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum where the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase acuC converts it to m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, which is further converted to gentisyl alcohol by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase acuD (Probable). Gentisyl alcohol is further oxidized by the oxidoreductase acuE that probably catalyzes hydroxylation of the aromatic ring (Probable). The aromatic system might then be opened by oxidation through a Baeyer-Villiger type of oxidation, which could be catalyzed by acuF, with the carboxylic acid at C-1 subsequently reduced to an aldehyde by acuG (Probable). Subsequently, a hemiacetal is formed, before the dehydrogenase acuH would reduce the double bond between C-4 and C-6 (Probable). Finally, keto-enol tautomerism results in formation of aculinic acid, which exists as two diastereomers (both R/S configurations at C-1) by non-enzymatic hemiacetal formation (Probable). The carboxypeptidase acuI could be involved in the linking of aculinic acid to an aculene A moiety produced by the aculene biosynthesis cluster and which leads to the production of aculin A (Probable). AcuI may also be involved in the attachment of proline to aculinic acid to form epi-aculins A and B (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-V pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. Csd subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nurim family.


FUNCTION: Produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane. The catalytic sites are hosted primarily by the beta subunits (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATPase alpha/beta chains family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the snake three-finger toxin family. Short-chain subfamily. Orphan group XX sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably triggers with protein G the injection of the phage DNA into the host upon conformational changes induced by virus-host receptor interaction. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the microviridae H protein family.


FUNCTION: Activator of cell division through the inhibition of FtsZ GTPase activity, therefore promoting FtsZ assembly into bundles of protofilaments necessary for the formation of the division Z ring. It is recruited early at mid-cell but it is not essential for cell division (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Localizes at mid- cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZapA family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the binding and/or turnover of quinones at the Q(B) site of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water plastoquinone oxidoreductase, using light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbX family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the molybdopterin synthase complex, a complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin. Acts by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms from thiocarboxylated Mocs2A into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MoaE family. MOCS2B subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. Plays a role in keeping cristae membranes connected to the inner boundary membrane. Also promotes protein import via the mitochondrial intermembrane space assembly (MIA) pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MICOS complex subunit Mic60 family.


FUNCTION: Thin filament-associated protein that is implicated in the regulation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is capable of binding to actin, calmodulin and tropomyosin. The interaction of calponin with actin inhibits the actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the calponin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in oxygen transport in the brain. Hexacoordinate globin, displaying competitive binding of oxygen or the distal His residue to the iron atom. Capable of penetrating cell membranes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Perikaryon Cytoplasm Note=Located in the soma (perikaryon) of most nerve cells in brain. Has ability to penetrate cell membranes and translocate into cells (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the globin family.


FUNCTION: Binds 16S rRNA, required for the assembly of 30S particles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS14 family. Zinc-binding uS14 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Allows the formation of correctly charged Asn-tRNA(Asn) or Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Asp-tRNA(Asn) or Glu-tRNA(Gln) in organisms which lack either or both of asparaginyl- tRNA or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated phospho-Asp- tRNA(Asn) or phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln) (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GatB/GatE family. GatB subfamily.


FUNCTION: May play a role in synapse assembly and function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MAGUK family.


FUNCTION: Acylhydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) at the sn-1 position. High activity toward PC, medium activity toward monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and low activity toward triacylglycerol (TAG). Confers sensitivity to UV-B radiation probably by deesterifying membrane phospholipids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the coenzyme A-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of different 2-oxoacids such as pyruvate, 2-oxobutyrate, glyoxylate and 2-oxoglutarate to form their CoA derivatives.


FUNCTION: Plays a major role in the induction and maintenance of cellular transformation. Acts mainly as an oncoprotein by stimulating the destruction of many host cell key regulatory proteins. E6 associates with host UBE3A/E6-AP ubiquitin-protein ligase, and inactivates tumor suppressors TP53 and TP73 by targeting them to the 26S proteasome for degradation. In turn, DNA damage and chromosomal instabilities increase and lead to cell proliferation and cancer development. The complex E6/E6AP targets several other substrates to degradation via the proteasome including host DLG1 or NFX1, a repressor of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The resulting increased expression of hTERT prevents the shortening of telomere length leading to cell immortalization. Other cellular targets including BAK1, Fas-associated death domain-containing protein (FADD) and procaspase 8, are degraded by E6/E6AP causing inhibition of apoptosis. E6 also inhibits immune response by interacting with host IRF3 and TYK2. These interactions prevent IRF3 transcriptional activities and inhibit TYK2-mediated JAK-STAT activation by interferon alpha resulting in inhibition of the interferon signaling pathway. FUNCTION: This protein may be involved in the oncogenic potential of this virus (cervical neoplasia-associated virus). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the papillomaviridae E6 protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the dorsovental asymmetry of flowers. Retards growth rate and reduces organ number in the dorsal region of flowers (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Secreted effector that acts as an elicitor of hypersensitive response (HR) specifically on plants carrying defense protein RPP39 (PubMed:22359513). The allele ATR39-1 is recognized by RPP39, whereas the ATR39-2 allele is not recognized (PubMed:22359513). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cell. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RxLR effector family.


FUNCTION: Ca(2+) sensor specifically required for the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles containing IGF1 in neurons of the olfactory bulb (PubMed:21496647). Exocytosis of IGF1 is required for sensory perception of smell (PubMed:21496647). Not involved in Ca(2+)- dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis (PubMed:21496647). Acts through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain: Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Localizes to neuronal vesicles containing IGF1 that are not enriched at synapses (PubMed:21496647, PubMed:23345244). Does not colocalize with synaptic vesicles or with the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:21496647, PubMed:23345244). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the synaptotagmin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the packaging machinery which encapsidates the viral DNA into preformed capsids and transcriptional activator of the viral major late promoter (MLP). Binds, along with packaging proteins 2 and 3, to the specific packaging sequence on the left end of viral genomic DNA and displays ATPase activity thereby providing the power stroke of the packaging machinery. The activity of packaging protein IVa2 is stimulated by protein 33K which acts as a terminase. May be the protein that pumps DNA into the capsid powered by ATP hydrolysis. Specifically binds to the 5'-CG-3' nucleotides of the repeats making up the packaging sequence. Component of the DEF-A and DEF-B transcription factors that bind downstream elements of the major late promoter (MLP), and stimulate transcription from the MLP after initiation of viral DNA replication. DEF-A is a heterodimer packaging proteins 1 and 2 and DEF- B is a homodimer of packaging protein 1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus, host nucleoplasm Host nucleus, host nucleolus Note=Located at a unique vertex of the capsid. Present in about 6-8 copies per virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae packaging protein 1 family.


FUNCTION: Required for translation of the mitochondrial OLI1 transcript coding for the mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit 9. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AEP2 family.


FUNCTION: Has antimicrobial activity. Exhibits a bactericidal activity towards several species of mollicutes, firmicutes and gracilicutes. This peptide is membranotropic and it efficiently depolarizes the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Dermaseptin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Confers broad-spectrum resistance to pathogens. Has antifungal activity in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEFL family.


FUNCTION: Member of the two-component regulatory system FleS/FleR that regulates the expression of multiple genes involved in flagellar synthesis, adhesion, swarming, motility and antibiotic resistance (PubMed:30877999, PubMed:7591148). May function as a membrane- associated protein kinase that phosphorylates FleR in response to environmental signals leading to activation of specific gene promoters (Probable).


FUNCTION: May contribute to the neddylation of all cullins by transferring NEDD8 from N-terminally acetylated NEDD8-conjugating E2s enzyme to different cullin C-terminal domain-RBX complexes; neddylation of cullins play an essential role in the regulation of SCF-type complexes activity (By similarity). Regulates responses to the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in roots, probably by modulating the SCF(TIR1) ubiquitin E3 ligase complex- mediated proteolysis (PubMed:17905859). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Component of a complex required to localize phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4K) to the plasma membrane. The complex acts as a regulator of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns(4)P) synthesis. In the complex, plays a central role in bridging PI4KA to EFR3B and HYCC1, via direct interactions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Cell membrane Note=Localizes to the cytosol and is recruited to the plasma membrane following interaction with EFR3 (EFR3A or EFR3B).


FUNCTION: Two distinct, membrane-bound, FAD-containing enzymes are responsible for the catalysis of fumarate and succinate interconversion; fumarate reductase is used in anaerobic growth, and succinate dehydrogenase is used in aerobic growth. Anchors the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cell inner membrane, binds quinones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FrdC family.


FUNCTION: Transports the metallophore pseudopaline, which is involved in the acquisition of nickel and zinc, and thus enables bacterial growth inside the host, where metal access is limited. Is probably involved in the export of pseudopaline. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EamA transporter family.


FUNCTION: Involved in peroxisome biosynthesis and integrity. Assembles membrane vesicles before the matrix proteins are translocated. As a docking factor for PEX19, is necessary for the import of peroxisomal membrane proteins in the peroxisomes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peroxin-3 family.


FUNCTION: Glucose-responsive transcription factor that regulates expression of several glucose transporter (HXT) genes in response to glucose. In the absence of glucose, it functions as a transcriptional repressor, whereas high concentrations of glucose cause it to function as a transcriptional activator. In cells growing on low levels of glucose, has a neutral role, neither repressing nor activating transcription (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EDS1/RGT1 family.


FUNCTION: Putative function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by binding to STXBP1, an essential component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery. May modulate processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and hence formation of APP-beta.


FUNCTION: Involved in 'Cys-type' sulfatase maturation under anaerobic conditions. Catalyzes the post-translational modification of cysteine into 3-oxoalanine (also known as C(alpha)-formylglycine (FGly)), by a free radical chemical mechanism initiated via the reductive cleavage of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. Anaerobic sulfatase-maturating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Component of the small ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of 2 pyruvate molecules into acetolactate in the first common step of the biosynthetic pathway of the branched-amino acids such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPP enzyme family.


FUNCTION: One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbK family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-H subfamily.