FUNCTION: Involved in the early steps of selenocysteine biosynthesis and tRNA(Sec) charging to the later steps resulting in the cotranslational incorporation of selenocysteine into selenoproteins. Stabilizes the SECISBP2, EEFSEC and tRNA(Sec) complex. May be involved in the methylation of tRNA(Sec). Enhances efficiency of selenoproteins synthesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Abundant in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM TRSPAP family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic component of the exosome, which is a complex involved in RNA degradation. Has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity. Can also synthesize heteromeric RNA-tails. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNase PH family. Rrp41 subfamily.


FUNCTION: DEAD-box RNA helicase-like protein required for pre-18S rRNA processing, specifically at sites A0, A1, and A2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UTP25 family.


FUNCTION: Specifically methylates the N1 position of guanosine-37 in various cytoplasmic and mitochondrial tRNAs. Methylation is not dependent on the nature of the nucleoside 5' of the target nucleoside. This is the first step in the biosynthesis of wybutosine (yW), a modified base adjacent to the anticodon of tRNAs and required for accurate decoding. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Predominantly in the mitochondria and in the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. TRM5/TYW2 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-eliminating lyase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family.


FUNCTION: Specifically catalyzes the NAD or NADP-dependent dehydrogenation of L-aspartate to iminoaspartate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L-aspartate dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dehydration of the S-form of NAD(P)HX at the expense of ATP, which is converted to ADP. Together with NAD(P)HX epimerase, which catalyzes the epimerization of the S- and R-forms, the enzyme allows the repair of both epimers of NAD(P)HX, a damaged form of NAD(P)H that is a result of enzymatic or heat-dependent hydration. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NnrD/CARKD family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C56 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.


FUNCTION: Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth (By similarity). Light-induced isomerization of 11-cis to all-trans retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G- proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment Note=Synthesized in the inner segment (IS) of rod photoreceptor cells before vectorial transport to disk membranes in the rod outer segment (OS) photosensory cilia. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit. FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S ribosomal RNA and is necessary for the in vitro assembly process of the 50S ribosomal subunit. It is not involved in the protein synthesizing functions of that subunit (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL20 family.


FUNCTION: Interacts with the host phosphatase PP1 catalytic subunit (PPP1CB) and recruits it to dephosphorylate EIF2S1/eIF2alpha and therefore restores the host translation that has been shut-down by the host. Also inhibits the EIF2S1/eIF2alpha-ATF4-DDIT3/CHOP pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus DP71L family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0225 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C19 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the S-adenosylmethionine monomethyl esterification of trans-aconitate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Tam family.


FUNCTION: Probable zinc protease. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Bud neck. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIM44 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 23S rRNA. Probably involved in E site tRNA release. FUNCTION: Protein L1 is also a translational repressor protein, it controls the translation of its operon by binding to its mRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL1 family.


FUNCTION: Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting lactation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.


FUNCTION: Could play a direct role in the oxidation or reduction of the quenching species formed in the chlorosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Chlorosome.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MHC class II family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom serine protease that may act in the hemostasis system of the prey. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Snake venom subfamily.


FUNCTION: Probably part of an ABC transporter complex. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


FUNCTION: NAD-dependent lysine deacetylase and desuccinylase that specifically removes acetyl and succinyl groups on target proteins. Modulates the activities of several proteins which are inactive in their acylated form. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sirtuin family. Class III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. Plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth. This receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase (cAMP). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Acts as an adapter for the XPO1/CRM1-mediated export of the 60S ribosomal subunit. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Shuttles between the nucleus/nucleolus and the cytoplasm in a XPO1/CRM1-dependent manner. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NMD3 family.


FUNCTION: May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex.


FUNCTION: The envelope glycoprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface. FUNCTION: The transmembrane protein gp41 (TM) acts as a class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During fusion of viral and target intracellular membranes, the coiled coil regions (heptad repeats) assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and target cell membranes. Complete fusion occurs in host cell endosomes and is dynamin-dependent, however some lipid transfer might occur at the plasma membrane. The virus undergoes clathrin-dependent internalization long before endosomal fusion, thus minimizing the surface exposure of conserved viral epitopes during fusion and reducing the efficacy of inhibitors targeting these epitopes. Membranes fusion leads to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm (By similarity). FUNCTION: The surface protein gp120 (SU) attaches the virus to the host lymphoid cell by binding to the primary receptor CD4. This interaction induces a structural rearrangement creating a high affinity binding site for a chemokine coreceptor like CXCR4 and/or CCR5. This peculiar 2 stage receptor-interaction strategy allows gp120 to maintain the highly conserved coreceptor-binding site in a cryptic conformation, protected from neutralizing antibodies. Since CD4 also displays a binding site for the disulfide-isomerase P4HB/PDI, a P4HB/PDI-CD4-CXCR4-gp120 complex may form. In that complex, P4HB/PDI could reach and reduce gp120 disulfide bonds, causing major conformational changes in gp120. TXN, another PDI family member could also be involved in disulfide rearrangements in Env during fusion. These changes are transmitted to the transmembrane protein gp41 and are thought to activate its fusogenic potential by unmasking its fusion peptide (By similarity). FUNCTION: The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl- ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. This transcytotic vesicle-mediated transport of virions from the apical side to the basolateral side of the epithelial cells does not involve infection of the cells themselves (By similarity). FUNCTION: The gp120-gp41 heterodimer seems to contribute to T-cell depletion during HIV-1 infection. The envelope glycoproteins expressed on the surface of infected cells induce apoptosis through an interaction with uninfected cells expressing the receptor (CD4) and the coreceptors CXCR4 or CCR5. This type of bystander killing may be obtained by at least three distinct mechanisms. First, the interaction between the 2 cells can induce cellular fusion followed by nuclear fusion within the syncytium. Syncytia are condemned to die from apoptosis. Second, the 2 interacting cells may not fuse entirely and simply exchange plasma membrane lipids, after a sort of hemifusion process, followed by rapid death. Third, it is possible that virus- infected cells, on the point of undergoing apoptosis, fuse with CD4- expressing cells, in which case apoptosis is rapidly transmitted from one cell to the other and thus occurs in a sort of contagious fashion (By similarity). FUNCTION: The surface protein gp120 is a ligand for CD209/DC-SIGN and CLEC4M/DC-SIGNR, which are respectively found on dendritic cells (DCs), and on endothelial cells of liver sinusoids and lymph node sinuses. These interactions allow capture of viral particles at mucosal surfaces by these cells and subsequent transmission to permissive cells. DCs are professional antigen presenting cells, critical for host immunity by inducing specific immune responses against a broad variety of pathogens. They act as sentinels in various tissues where they take up antigen, process it, and present it to T-cells following migration to lymphoid organs. HIV subverts the migration properties of dendritic cells to gain access to CD4+ T-cells in lymph nodes. Virus transmission to permissive T-cells occurs either in trans (without DCs infection, through viral capture and transmission), or in cis (following DCs productive infection, through the usual CD4-gp120 interaction), thereby inducing a robust infection. In trans infection, bound virions remain infectious over days and it is proposed that they are not degraded, but protected in non-lysosomal acidic organelles within the DCs close to the cell membrane thus contributing to the viral infectious potential during DCs' migration from the periphery to the lymphoid tissues. On arrival at lymphoid tissues, intact virions recycle back to DCs' cell surface allowing virus transmission to CD4+ T-cells. Virion capture also seems to lead to MHC-II-restricted viral antigen presentation, and probably to the activation of HIV-specific CD4+ cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Surface protein gp120]: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=The surface protein is not anchored to the viral envelope, but associates with the extravirion surface through its binding to TM. It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Transmembrane protein gp41]: Virion membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Host endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=It is probably concentrated at the site of budding and incorporated into the virions possibly by contacts between the cytoplasmic tail of Env and the N-terminus of Gag.


FUNCTION: Potential calcium sensor.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the attachment of O-phosphoserine (Sep) to tRNA(Cys). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. O-phosphoseryl-tRNA(Cys) synthetase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Omega-conotoxins act at presynaptic membranes, they bind and block voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin O1 superfamily.


FUNCTION: Major seed storage protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Vacuole, aleurone grain. Vacuole. Note=Cotyledonary membrane-bound vacuolar protein bodies. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 7S seed storage protein family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co or M-cluster) found in the dinitrogenase enzyme of the nitrogenase complex in nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. NifB catalyzes the crucial step of radical SAM-dependent carbide insertion that occurs concomitant with the insertion of a 9th sulfur and the rearrangement/coupling of two [4Fe-4S] clusters into a [8Fe-9S-C] cluster, the precursor to the M-cluster. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the radical SAM superfamily. NifB family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mannose-6-phosphate isomerase type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Folate-binding protein involved in regulating the level of ATP-DnaA and in the modification of some tRNAs. It is probably a key factor in regulatory networks that act via tRNA modification, such as initiation of chromosomal replication. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tRNA-modifying YgfZ family.


FUNCTION: Molecular adapter that acts as a bridge between proteins, and which is involved skeletal muscle development. Functions as signal transducer for MSTN during skeletal muscle regeneration and myogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the akirin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S8 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as an electron carrier between membrane-bound cytochrome b6-f and photosystem I in oxygenic photosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid lumen. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c family. PetJ subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of Und-PP-GlcNAc-ManNAcA (Lipid II), the second lipid-linked intermediate involved in enterobacterial common antigen (ECA) synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 26 family.


FUNCTION: Palmitoyltransferase that could catalyze the addition of palmitate onto various protein substrates and be involved in a variety of cellular processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Cleaves 6-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-fructose 1-phosphate (SFP) to form dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldolase LacD family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the 23S rRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL42 family.


FUNCTION: Structural component of the virion that acts as a cement protein on the capsid exterior and forms triskelion structures consisting of three molecules that stabilize three hexon trimers at the center of each icosahedral facet and fixes the peripentonal hexons. Dispensable for assembly. During virus entry, recruits the anterograde motor kinesin-1 to the capsid docked at the nuclear pore complex thereby subjecting the docked capsid to a pulling force. The resulting tension leads to capsid disruption, dispersion of capsid fragments toward cell periphery and eventually viral DNA entry into the host nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host nucleus Note=Located in the canyons between the hexons on the outer surface of the capsid. Forms a sort of hairnet on the outer side of the virion. Present in 240 copies per virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenoviridae hexon-interlacing protein family.


FUNCTION: Transcription regulator that can specifically activate or repress expression of target genes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SlyA family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its interaction with PPP1R13B/ASPP1 or TP53BP2/ASPP2 (By similarity). However, this activity is inhibited when the interaction with PPP1R13B/ASPP1 or TP53BP2/ASPP2 is displaced by PPP1R13L/iASPP (By similarity). In cooperation with mitochondrial PPIF is involved in activating oxidative stress-induced necrosis; the function is largely independent of transcription. Prevents CDK7 kinase activity when associated to CAK complex in response to DNA damage, thus stopping cell cycle progression. Induces the transcription of long intergenic non- coding RNA p21 (lincRNA-p21) and lincRNA-Mkln1. LincRNA-p21 participates in TP53-dependent transcriptional repression leading to apoptosis and seems to have an effect on cell-cycle regulation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing CLOCK-BMAL1-mediated transcriptional activation of PER2. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus, PML body Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion matrix Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome Note=Interaction with BANP promotes nuclear localization. Recruited into PML bodies together with CHEK2. Translocates to mitochondria upon oxidative stress. Translocates to mitochondria in response to mitomycin C treatment (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the p53 family.


FUNCTION: Flavin prenyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of the prenylated FMN cofactor (prenyl-FMN) for 4-hydroxy-3-polyprenylbenzoic acid decarboxylase UbiD. The prenyltransferase is metal-independent and links a dimethylallyl moiety from dimethylallyl monophosphate (DMAP) to the flavin N5 and C6 atoms of FMN. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UbiX/PAD1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 19 (CSTX) family. 08 (U8-Lctx) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase VIII family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0328 family.


FUNCTION: Component of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF-3) complex, which is involved in protein synthesis of a specialized repertoire of mRNAs and, together with other initiation factors, stimulates binding of mRNA and methionyl-tRNAi to the 40S ribosome. The eIF-3 complex specifically targets and initiates translation of a subset of mRNAs involved in cell proliferation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-3 subunit I family.


FUNCTION: Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-alpha family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0403 family.


FUNCTION: Binds directly to 16S ribosomal RNA. FUNCTION: Binds directly to 16S ribosomal RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS20 family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bS20 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the conversion of caffeic acid to ferulic acid and of 5-hydroxyferulic acid to sinapic acid. The resulting products may subsequently be converted to the corresponding alcohols that are incorporated into lignins. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Cation-independent O-methyltransferase family. COMT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 4 family.


FUNCTION: A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in corticoid and androgen biosynthesis. Catalyzes 17-alpha hydroxylation of C21 steroids, which is common for both pathways. A second oxidative step, required only for androgen synthesis, involves an acyl-carbon cleavage. The 17-alpha hydroxy intermediates, as part of adrenal glucocorticoids biosynthesis pathway, are precursors of cortisol. Hydroxylates steroid hormones, pregnenolone and progesterone to form 17-alpha hydroxy metabolites, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form C19 steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Has 16- alpha hydroxylase activity. Catalyzes 16-alpha hydroxylation of 17- alpha hydroxy pregnenolone, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form 16-alpha-hydroxy DHEA. Also 16-alpha hydroxylates androgens, relevant for estriol synthesis. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane Microsome membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.


FUNCTION: Endo-1,4-mannanase, a crucial enzyme for depolymerization of seed galactomannans and wood galactoglucomannans. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 5 (cellulase A) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the isomerization of L-xylulose-5-phosphate to L- ribulose-5-phosphate. Is involved in the anaerobic L-ascorbate utilization. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the L-ribulose-5-phosphate 3-epimerase family.


FUNCTION: Binds to nucleosomes, regulating chromatin structure and consequently, chromatin-dependent processes such as transcription, DNA replication and DNA repair. Affects both insulin and glucagon levels and modulates the expression of pancreatic genes involved in insulin secretion. Regulates the expression of the glucose transporter SLC2A2 by binding specifically to its promoter region and recruiting PDX1 and additional transcription factors. Regulates the expression of SLC6A9, a glycine transporter which regulates the glycine concentration in synaptic junctions in the central nervous system, by binding to its transcription start site. May play a role in ocular development and astrocyte function (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HMGN family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid using ATP as a cosubstrate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the shikimate kinase family. AroL subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in xyloglucan with retention of the beta-configuration of the glycosyl residues. Specific for xyloglucan and does not hydrolyze other cell wall components (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 12 (cellulase H) family.


FUNCTION: Probable ion channel inhibitor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 14 (magi-1) family. 01 (HNTX-16) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial carrier mediating the transport of coenzyme A (CoA) in mitochondria in exchange for intramitochondrial (deoxy)adenine nucleotides and adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Phosphotriesterase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the hydrolysis of N(4)-acetylcytidine (ac4C). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N(4)-acetylcytidine amidohydrolase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible retro-aldol cleavage of 4-hydroxy-2- ketoheptane-1,7-dioate (HKHD) to pyruvate and succinic semialdehyde. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HpcH/HpaI aldolase family.


FUNCTION: Plays an important role in the de novo pathway and in the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthesis of AMP from IMP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylosuccinate synthetase family.


FUNCTION: Palmitoyltransferase specific for casein kinase 1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Early endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DHHC palmitoyltransferase family. AKR/ZDHHC17 subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nitroreductase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0316 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in the maintenance of the structure of mitochondrial cristae. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SAM50/omp85 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GTP cyclohydrolase I type 2/NIF3 family.


FUNCTION: Anchors the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cell membrane, binds quinones. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FrdD family.


FUNCTION: May help in the organization of the PsaE and PsaF subunits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaJ family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaG/PsaK family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of the periplasmic nitrate reductase complex NapAB. Receives electrons from NapB and catalyzes the reduction of nitrate to nitrite. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prokaryotic molybdopterin-containing oxidoreductase family. NasA/NapA/NarB subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in a process influencing telomere capping. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RTC5 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in regulation of DNA replication. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CDC6/cdc18 family.


FUNCTION: An essential GTPase that binds both GDP and GTP, with rapid nucleotide exchange. Plays a role in 16S rRNA processing and 30S ribosomal subunit biogenesis and possibly also in cell cycle regulation and energy metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Era GTPase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the spermidine/spermine synthase family.


FUNCTION: Structural component of the 12 appendages that hang from the lower collar. Adhesion protein that binds to the host cell surface during virus attachment and mediates teichoic acids degradation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Note=Present in 36 copies in the virion.


FUNCTION: Acts as a negative regulator of autophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PHF23 family.


FUNCTION: Attaches a formyl group to the free amino group of methionyl- tRNA(fMet). The formyl group appears to play a dual role in the initiator identity of N-formylmethionyl-tRNA by promoting its recognition by IF2 and preventing the misappropriation of this tRNA by the elongation apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Fmt family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Fmt family.


FUNCTION: Causes loosening and extension of plant cell walls by disrupting non-covalent bonding between cellulose microfibrils and matrix glucans. No enzymatic activity has been found (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, cell wall. Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the expansin family. Expansin A subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tfa family.


FUNCTION: Able to isomerize both 3-cis and 3-trans double bonds into the 2-trans form in a range of enoyl-CoA species. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TUB family.


FUNCTION: Involved in arsenical resistance. Thought to form the channel of an arsenite pump. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ArsB family.


FUNCTION: The 26S proteasome is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The regulatory (or ATPase) complex confers ATP dependency and substrate specificity to the 26S complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the release of L-lysine from [LysW]-gamma-L-lysine and the release of L-ornithine from [LysW]-L-ornithine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M20A family. LysK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Endonuclease that resolves Holliday junction intermediates in genetic recombination. Cleaves mobile four-strand junctions by introducing symmetrical nicks in paired strands. Promotes annealing of linear ssDNA with homologous dsDNA. Required for DNA repair, homologous recombination and chromosome segregation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RecU family.


FUNCTION: Acts in the assembly and extrusion of the bacteriophage by forming a channel across the host outer membrane. This channel is just large enough to allow a newly synthesized phage particle to pass through. Extrusion is a process of concomitant assembly and secretion and takes place at specific assembly sites where host inner and outer membranes are in close contacts (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the inovirus G4P protein family.


FUNCTION: Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphatase. May have a dual role in cell division arrest and in preventing the incorporation of modified nucleotides into cellular nucleic acids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Maf family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the activation and reutilization of phytol from chlorophyll degradation in plant metabolism, including tocopherol biosynthesis. Catalyzes the conversion of phytol to phytol monophosphate (PMP) (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polyprenol kinase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family.


FUNCTION: The GINS complex plays an essential role in the initiation of DNA replication. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GINS3/PSF3 family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for synthesis of pseudouridine from uracil-54 and uracil-55 in the psi GC loop of transfer RNAs. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pseudouridine synthase Pus10 family.


FUNCTION: Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation. Also plays a role in delivery of iron to cells. Mediates iron uptake in capsule cells of the developing kidney (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferritin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIM23 family.


FUNCTION: Lignin degradation and detoxification of lignin-derived products. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.


FUNCTION: 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease specific for small oligoribonucleotides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the oligoribonuclease family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family.


FUNCTION: Cytochrome c2 is found mainly in purple, non-sulfur, photosynthetic bacteria where it functions as the electron donor to the oxidized bacteriochlorophyll in the photophosphorylation pathway. However, it may also have a role in the respiratory chain and is found in some non-photosynthetic bacteria. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of photosystem II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Note=Associated with the photosystem II complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the psbP family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NAD(H)-dependent interconversion of D-fructose and D-mannitol in the mannitol metabolic pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mannitol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Part of a membrane-bound complex that couples electron transfer with translocation of ions across the membrane. Required to maintain the reduced state of SoxR. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 4Fe4S bacterial-type ferredoxin family. RnfC subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix.


FUNCTION: Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Matrix side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I NDUFB8 subunit family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaL family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be a menaquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I subunit 4L family.


FUNCTION: Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.


FUNCTION: Regulatory subunit of a potassium efflux system that confers protection against electrophiles. Required for full activity of KefC. Shows redox enzymatic activity, but this enzymatic activity is not required for activation of KefC. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone) family. KefF subfamily.


FUNCTION: Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). This is the largest subunit of complex I and it is a component of the iron-sulfur (IP) fragment of the enzyme. It may form part of the active site crevice where NADH is oxidized (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane Note=Matrix and cytoplasmic side of the mitochondrial inner membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 75 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Contributes to the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Acts as a chaperone, preventing aggregation of various proteins under a wide range of stress conditions. Required for the correct formation of lens intermediate filaments as part of a complex composed of BFSP1, BFSP2 and CRYAA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Translocates to the nucleus during heat shock and resides in sub-nuclear structures known as SC35 speckles or nuclear splicing speckles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.


FUNCTION: Displays esterase activity towards short chain fatty esters (acyl chain length of up to 8 carbons). Able to hydrolyze triacetylglycerol (triacetin) and tributyrylglycerol (tributyrin), but not trioleylglycerol (triolein) or cholesterol oleate. Negatively regulates MalT activity by antagonizing maltotriose binding. Inhibits MelA galactosidase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'GDXG' lipolytic enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Induces local and distal defense responses (incompatible hypersensitive reaction) in plants from the solanaceae and cruciferae families. Elicits leaf necrosis and causes the accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins. Might interact with the lipidic molecules of the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the elicitin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene- specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Mediator complex subunit 19 family.


FUNCTION: Nuclear hormone receptor that can act as a repressor or activator of transcription. High affinity receptor for thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine and thyroxine. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Required to facilitate the formation of correct disulfide bonds in some periplasmic proteins and for the assembly of the periplasmic c-type cytochromes. Acts by transferring electrons from cytoplasmic thioredoxin to the periplasm. This transfer involves a cascade of disulfide bond formation and reduction steps. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thioredoxin family. DsbD subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in the import of GDP-mannose from the cytoplasm into the Golgi lumen. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPT transporter family. SLC35D subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional repressor. May play a role in limb- pattern formation. Acts in cranofacial development and specifically in odontogenesis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Msh homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Abolishes the inhibitory effect of tetracyclin on protein synthesis by a non-covalent modification of the ribosomes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. TetM/TetO subfamily.


FUNCTION: One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbL family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and the ATP synthase. Cytochrome c oxidase is the component of the respiratory chain that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to water. Electrons originating from reduced cytochrome c in the intermembrane space (IMS) are transferred via the dinuclear copper A center (CU(A)) of subunit 2 and heme A of subunit 1 to the active site in subunit 1, a binuclear center (BNC) formed by heme A3 and copper B (CU(B)). The BNC reduces molecular oxygen to 2 water molecules using 4 electrons from cytochrome c in the IMS and 4 protons from the mitochondrial matrix. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c oxidase IV family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes a cyclopropane ring-opening reaction, the irreversible conversion of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) to ammonia and alpha-ketobutyrate. Allows growth on ACC as a nitrogen source. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ACC deaminase/D-cysteine desulfhydrase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the first step of the methylation pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, the SAM-dependent methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine (PMME). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class VI-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. CHO2 family.


FUNCTION: Activates the tRNA-splicing ligase complex by facilitating the enzymatic turnover of catalytic subunit RtcB. Acts by promoting the guanylylation of RtcB, a key intermediate step in tRNA ligation. Can also alter the NTP specificity of RtcB such that ATP, dGTP or ITP is used efficiently (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the archease family.


FUNCTION: The plasma membrane ATPase of plants and fungi is a hydrogen ion pump. The proton gradient it generates drives the active transport of nutrients by H(+)-symport. The resulting external acidification and/or internal alkinization may mediate growth responses. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIIA subfamily.


FUNCTION: NHase catalyzes the hydration of various nitrile compounds to the corresponding amides. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nitrile hydratase subunit alpha family.


FUNCTION: Component of the NOP7 complex, which is required for maturation of the 25S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat BOP1/ERB1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Extracellular metalloprotease that contributes to pathogenicity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M14 family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor which may be involved in developmental processes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WUS homeobox family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uL22 family.


FUNCTION: Growth factor active in angiogenesis and endothelial cell growth, stimulating their proliferation and migration. It binds to the receptor FLT1/VEGFR-1. Also promotes cell tumor growth (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the metabolism of ADP-ribose 1',2'-cyclic phosphate which is produced as a consequence of tRNA splicing. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. CPD1 family.


FUNCTION: Inhibits fibrinogen interaction with platelets. Acts by binding to alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B/ITGB3) on the platelet surface and inhibits aggregation induced by ADP, thrombin, platelet-activating factor and collagen. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom metalloproteinase (M12B) family. P-II subfamily. P-IIa sub-subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant self-incompatibility (S1) protein family.


FUNCTION: Transcription regulator that activates transcription by stimulating RNA polymerase (RNAP) recycling in case of stress conditions such as supercoiled DNA or high salt concentrations. Probably acts by releasing the RNAP, when it is trapped or immobilized on tightly supercoiled DNA. Does not activate transcription on linear DNA. Probably not involved in DNA repair. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SNF2/RAD54 helicase family. RapA subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0250 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 8 family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in the release of virions from infected cells. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orbivirus NS3 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the methylation of C-15 in cobalt-precorrin-6B followed by the decarboxylation of C-12 to form cobalt-precorrin-7. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Archaeal-type CbiT family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0242 family.


FUNCTION: Putative methylesterase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Methylesterase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the amidotransfer (transamidation) of the octanoyl moiety from octanoyl-GcvH to the lipoyl domain of the E2 subunit of lipoate-dependent enzymes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the octanoyltransferase LipL family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) derived from cell-wall degradation, yielding GlcNAc-6-P. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ROK (NagC/XylR) family. NagK subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a sulfur carrier required for molybdopterin biosynthesis. Component of the molybdopterin synthase complex that catalyzes the conversion of precursor Z into molybdopterin by mediating the incorporation of 2 sulfur atoms into precursor Z to generate a dithiolene group. In the complex, serves as sulfur donor by being thiocarboxylated (-COSH) at its C-terminus by MOCS3. After interaction with MOCS2B, the sulfur is then transferred to precursor Z to form molybdopterin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MoaD family. MOCS2A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in mRNA splicing. Helps to stabilize the U1 snRNP-5' splice site interaction (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SWT21 family.


FUNCTION: Can induce apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner and plays a role in p53/TP53-dependent apoptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Nucleus membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the shisa family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FAM149 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the enolization of 2,3-diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1- phosphate (DK-MTP-1-P) into 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1- phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RuBisCO large chain family. Type IV subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the dephosphorylation of undecaprenyl diphosphate (UPP). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UppP family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AAA ATPase family.


FUNCTION: Plays critical roles in virus replication, from virus entry and uncoating to assembly and budding of the virus particle. M1 binding to ribonucleocapsids (RNPs) in nucleus seems to inhibit viral transcription. Interaction of viral NEP with M1-RNP is thought to promote nuclear export of the complex, which is targeted to the virion assembly site at the apical plasma membrane in polarized epithelial cells. Interactions with NA and HA may bring M1, a non-raft-associated protein, into lipid rafts. Forms a continuous shell on the inner side of the lipid bilayer in virion, where it binds the RNP. During virus entry into cell, the M2 ion channel acidifies the internal virion core, inducing M1 dissociation from the RNP. M1-free RNPs are transported to the nucleus, where viral transcription and replication can take place. FUNCTION: Determines the virion's shape: spherical or filamentous. Clinical isolates of influenza are characterized by the presence of significant proportion of filamentous virions, whereas after multiple passage on eggs or cell culture, virions have only spherical morphology. Filamentous virions are thought to be important to infect neighboring cells, and spherical virions more suited to spread through aerosol between hosts organisms. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Host nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the influenza viruses Matrix protein M1 family.


FUNCTION: Subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex that catalyzes the initial transfer of a defined glycan (Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) in eukaryotes) from the lipid carrier dolichol- pyrophosphate to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains, the first step in protein N-glycosylation (By similarity). N-glycosylation occurs cotranslationally and the complex associates with the Sec61 complex at the channel-forming translocon complex that mediates protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). All subunits are required for a maximal enzyme activity (By similarity). Required for the assembly of both SST3A- and SS3B-containing OST complexes (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DDOST 48 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex RbsABC involved in ribose import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Ribose importer (TC 3.A.1.2.1) family.


FUNCTION: Urotensin is found in the teleost caudal neurosecretory system. It has a suggested role in osmoregulation and as a corticotropin-releasing factor. The non-hormonal portion of this precursor may be a urotensin binding protein, urophysin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family.


FUNCTION: May act as an antimicrobial peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Frog skin active peptide (FSAP) family. Septenin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of beta-nicotinate D-ribonucleotide from nicotinate and 5-phospho-D-ribose 1-phosphate at the expense of ATP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NAPRTase family.


FUNCTION: Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes, although with low efficiency, the sulfur transfer reaction from thiosulfate to cyanide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GlpE family.


FUNCTION: Stabilizes the interaction between PsaC and the PSI core, assists the docking of the ferredoxin to PSI and interacts with ferredoxin-NADP oxidoreductase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsaE family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the aldol condensation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP or glycerone-phosphate) with glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) in gluconeogenesis and the reverse reaction in glycolysis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class II fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the actin family.


FUNCTION: Putative oxidoreductase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDR) family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phage and mitochondrial RNA polymerase family.


FUNCTION: NDH-1 shuttles electrons from NADH, via FMN and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) centers, to quinones in the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme in this species is believed to be ubiquinone. Couples the redox reaction to proton translocation (for every two electrons transferred, four hydrogen ions are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane), and thus conserves the redox energy in a proton gradient. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the complex I 49 kDa subunit family.


FUNCTION: Involved in coproporphyrin-dependent heme b biosynthesis. Catalyzes the insertion of ferrous iron into coproporphyrin III to form Fe-coproporphyrin III. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferrochelatase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the citrate synthase family.


FUNCTION: One of the components of the core complex of photosystem II (PSII). PSII is a light-driven water:plastoquinone oxidoreductase that uses light energy to abstract electrons from H(2)O, generating O(2) and a proton gradient subsequently used for ATP formation. It consists of a core antenna complex that captures photons, and an electron transfer chain that converts photonic excitation into a charge separation. This subunit is found at the monomer-monomer interface and is required for correct PSII assembly and/or dimerization. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PsbL family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 'phage' integrase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible dehydration of L-carnitinyl-CoA to crotonobetainyl-CoA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the enoyl-CoA hydratase/isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) complex. Biotin carboxylase (BC) catalyzes the carboxylation of biotin on its carrier protein (BCCP) and then the CO(2) group is transferred by the transcarboxylase to acetyl-CoA to form malonyl-CoA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AccD/PCCB family.


FUNCTION: Envelope protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Probably localizes to the membrane of mature virions (MV). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orthopoxvirus OPG081 family.


FUNCTION: mRNA decapping enzyme that specifically removes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) cap from a subset of mRNAs by hydrolyzing the diphosphate linkage to produce nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and 5' monophosphate mRNA. The NAD-cap is present at the 5'-end of some mRNAs and stabilizes RNA against 5'-processing. Has preference for mRNAs with a 5'-end purine. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of a broad range of dinucleotide pyrophosphates. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudC subfamily.


FUNCTION: Positively regulates the activity of the minus-end directed microtubule motor protein dynein. May enhance dynein-mediated microtubule sliding by targeting dynein to the microtubule plus end. Required for nuclear migration during vegetative growth as well as development. Required for retrograde early endosome (EE) transport from the hyphal tip. Required for localization of dynein to the mitotic spindle poles. Recruits additional proteins to the dynein complex at SPBs. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole Note=Localizes to the plus ends of microtubules at the hyphal tip and the mitotic spindle poles. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat LIS1/nudF family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the control of energetic metabolism and significantly contribute to cell fitness, especially under respiratory growth conditions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RGI1 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphoglycerate mutase family. BPG- dependent PGAM subfamily.


FUNCTION: Magnesium transporter that may mediate the influx of magnesium. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CorA metal ion transporter (MIT) (TC 1.A.35.5) family.


FUNCTION: Cytokine that plays a major role in the development of inflammatory and protective immune responses to microbial invaders and parasites by modulating immune cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Stimulates the proliferation of natural killer cells, T-cells and B-cells and promotes the secretion of several cytokines. In monocytes, induces the production of IL8 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1/CCL2, two chemokines that attract neutrophils and monocytes respectively to sites of infection. Unlike most cytokines, which are secreted in soluble form, IL15 is expressed in association with its high affinity IL15RA on the surface of IL15-producing cells and delivers signals to target cells that express IL2RB and IL2RG receptor subunits. Binding to its receptor triggers the phosphorylation of JAK1 and JAK3 and the recruitment and subsequent phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3/STAT3 and STAT5 (By similarity). In mast cells, induces the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6 and thereby controls mast cell survival and release of cytokines such as IL4 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-15/IL-21 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm Host mitochondrion Note=Found in spherical cytoplasmic structures, called viral factories, that appear early after infection and are the site of viral replication and packaging. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the rotavirus A NSP6 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator (TC 2.A.1) superfamily. Organic cation transporter (TC 2.A.1.19) family.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex TauABC involved in taurine import. Responsible for energy coupling to the transport system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. Taurine importer (TC 3.A.1.17.1) family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the herpesviridae UL69 family.


FUNCTION: Capsid protein (CA) is the structural component of the virus- like particle (VLP), forming the shell that encapsulates the retrotransposons dimeric RNA genome.


FUNCTION: Ubiquitin thioesterase, which specifically hydrolyzes 'Lys- 29'-linked and 'Lys-33'-linked diubiquitin (PubMed:22157957, PubMed:23827681, PubMed:25752573, PubMed:25752577). Also cleaves 'Lys- 63'-linked chains, but with 40-fold less efficiency compared to 'Lys- 29'-linked ones (PubMed:18281465). Positive regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway that deubiquitinates APC protein, a negative regulator of Wnt-mediated transcription (PubMed:18281465). Acts as a regulator of autophagy by mediating deubiquitination of PIK3C3/VPS34, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation (PubMed:33637724). Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization (PubMed:21834987). Required in the stress fiber dynamics and cell migration (PubMed:21834987). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Enriched in punctate localization in the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase C64 family.


FUNCTION: This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the nanovirus U1 protein family.


FUNCTION: Ribosome biogenesis factor. May be required for both optimal rDNA transcription and small subunit (SSU) pre-rRNA processing at sites A', A0, 1 and 2b (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional regulator that binds CpG, CpNpN and CpNpG (N is A, T, or C) islands in promoters regardless the DNA methylation status. Plays probably a role in gene silencing. May associate with histone deacetylase proteins (HDAC). Required for nucleolar dominance that consist in the silencing of rRNA genes inherited from one progenitor in genetic hybrids. Recruited to rRNA genes in a DRM2- dependent manner. Maintains gene silencing by interacting with RNA binding proteins (e.g. NTF2, RPS2C, HDA6 and AGO4) and by regulating DNA methylation status (PubMed:28229965). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome Nucleus, nucleolus Note=Associated with heterochromatin, and particularly at perinucleolar chromocenters and nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in a DRM2-dependent manner.


FUNCTION: Transfers 2'-(5-triphosphoribosyl)-3'-dephosphocoenzyme-A to the apo-[acyl-carrier-protein] of the malonate decarboxylase to yield holo-[acyl-carrier-protein]. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MdcG family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane raft; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Localizes within detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the AIM3 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MEG family.


FUNCTION: Not essential for virus replication in transformed murine cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the coronaviruses ns2a protein family.


FUNCTION: Required for replication-independent chromatin assembly and for the periodic repression of histone gene transcription during the cell cycle. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the WD repeat HIR1 family.


FUNCTION: Potential phospholipid transfer protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant LTP family. B11E subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible oxidation of CO(2) and methanofuran (MFR) to N-formylmethanofuran (CHO-MFR). Can only oxidize formylmethanofuran. This enzyme is oxygen-labile. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FwdC/FmdC family.


FUNCTION: Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that maintains cyclin-B-CDK1 activity and G2 arrest in response to spindle damage. Also required for p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis, phosphorylating 'Ser- 392' of p53/TP53 following UV irradiation. Can also negatively regulate apoptosis. Phosphorylates the caspases CASP9 and CASP2 and the apoptotic regulator NOL3. Phosphorylation protects CASP9 from cleavage and activation by CASP8, and inhibits the dimerization of CASP2 and activation of CASP8. Regulates transcription by direct phosphorylation of RNA polymerases I, II, III and IV. Also phosphorylates and regulates numerous transcription factors including NF-kappa-B, STAT1, CREB1, IRF1, IRF2, ATF1, SRF, MAX, JUN, FOS, MYC and MYB. Phosphorylates Hsp90 and its co-chaperones FKBP4 and CDC37, which is essential for chaperone function. Regulates Wnt signaling by phosphorylating CTNNB1 and the transcription factor LEF1. Acts as an ectokinase that phosphorylates several extracellular proteins. During viral infection, phosphorylates various proteins involved in the viral life cycles of EBV, HSV, HBV, HCV, HIV, CMV and HPV. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Interaction with SIRT6 prevents translocation into the nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: The cerebellin peptide exerts neuromodulatory functions. Directly stimulates norepinephrine release via the adenylate cyclase/PKA-dependent signaling pathway; and indirectly enhances adrenocortical secretion in vivo, through a paracrine mechanism involving medullary catecholamine release. FUNCTION: Required for synapse integrity and synaptic plasticity. During cerebellar synapse formation, essential for the matching and maintenance of pre- and post-synaptic elements at parallel fiber- Purkinje cell synapses, the establishment of the proper pattern of climbing fiber-Purkinje cell innervation, and induction of long-term depression at parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synapses. Plays a role as a synaptic organizer that acts bidirectionally on both pre- and post- synaptic components. On the one hand induces accumulation of synaptic vesicles in the pre-synaptic part by binding with NRXN1 and in other hand induces clustering of GRID2 and its associated proteins at the post-synaptic site through association of GRID2. NRXN1-CBLN1-GRID2 complex directly induces parallel fiber protrusions that encapsulate spines of Purkinje cells leading to accumulation of GRID2 and synaptic vesicles. Required for CBLN3 export from the endoplasmic reticulum and secretion (By similarity). NRXN1-CBLN1-GRID2 complex mediates the D- Serine-dependent long term depression signals and AMPA receptor endocytosis (By similarity). Essential for long-term maintenance but not establishment of excitatory synapses (By similarity). Inhibits the formation and function of inhibitory GABAergic synapses in cerebellar Purkinje cells (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Postsynaptic cell membrane.


FUNCTION: MFS-type transporter; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of 2,4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxypropiophenone. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. CAR1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 05 (agouti) family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of D-fructose 6-phosphate, the first committing step of glycolysis. Uses inorganic phosphate (PPi) as phosphoryl donor instead of ATP like common ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases (ATP-PFKs), which renders the reaction reversible, and can thus function both in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Consistently, PPi-PFK can replace the enzymes of both the forward (ATP- PFK) and reverse (fructose-bisphosphatase (FBPase)) reactions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phosphofructokinase type A (PFKA) family. Mixed-substrate PFK group III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Blocks voltage-gated potassium channels rKv1.1/KCNA1 (IC(50)=13 nM), rKv1.2/KCNA2 (IC(50)=16 nM) and rKv1.3/KCNA3 (IC(50)=2 nM). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the short scorpion toxin superfamily. Potassium channel inhibitor family. Alpha-KTx 06 subfamily.


FUNCTION: FAD-dependent monooxygenase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of bikaverin, a red pigment also considered as a mycotoxin (PubMed:19400779). The first stage is catalyzed by the polyketide synthase bik1, which catalyzes the formation of the intermediate SMA76a also knowm as pre-bikaverin (PubMed:19400779). FAD- dependent monooxygenase bik2 might then be responsible for the oxidation of pre-bikaverin to oxo-pre-bikaverin which is in turn methylated by the O-methyltransferase bik3 to me-oxo-pre-bikaverin (PubMed:26382642). A further cycle of oxydation and methylation by bik2 and bik3 leads to the final product of bikaverin, via a nor-bikaverin intermediate (PubMed:19400779, PubMed:26382642). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the paxM FAD-dependent monooxygenase family.


FUNCTION: Kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism. Mediates cellular responses to insulin. Plays an important role in maintaining normal blood glucose levels and in metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability. Via its regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, plays an important role in maintaining normal blood pH and in preventing the accumulation of ketone bodies under starvation. Plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation and in resistance to apoptosis under oxidative stress. Plays a role in p53/TP53-mediated apoptosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.


FUNCTION: Not toxic to mice by intracerebroventricular injection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the u18-CNTX family.


FUNCTION: Sorting nexin, involved in the separation or division of vacuoles throughout the entire life cycle of the cells. Involved in retrieval of late-Golgi SNAREs from post-Golgi endosomes to the trans- Golgi network, for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt), autophagy, mitophagy, and pexophagy. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein Note=Endosome and other perivacuolar punctate structures. Associates to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, necessary for peripheral membrane localization to the perivacuolar punctate structures. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sorting nexin family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in vesicular protein sorting. Component of the membrane-associated retromer complex which is essential in endosome-to- Golgi retrograde transport. Also involved in the efficient sorting of seed storage proteins (By similarity). The VPS29-VPS26-VPS35 subcomplex may be involved in recycling of specific cargos from endosome to the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Endosome membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Prevacuolar compartment membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VPS35 family.


FUNCTION: Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that inhibits neuromuscular transmission by blocking acetylcholine release from the nerve termini. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the phospholipase A2 family. Group I subfamily. D49 sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Metallothioneins have a high content of cysteine residues that bind various heavy metals. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallothionein superfamily. Type 1 family.


FUNCTION: Cell membrane protein which plays a relevant role in coordinating membrane organization and cell wall remodeling during mating. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell tip Note=Localizes to the tip of shmoos which requires fus1, actin and lipid rafts. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SUR7 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the central metabolite phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and of the decaprenylphosphoryl-arabinose (DPA), an essential precursor for the mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of pyrophosphoryl group from ATP to 1-hydroxyl of ribose-5-phosphate (Rib- 5-P) to yield phosphoribosyl diphosphate (PRPP) and AMP. It can also use GTP, CTP and UTP as diphosphoryl donors (PubMed:22745722). FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the central metabolite phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) via the transfer of pyrophosphoryl group from ATP to 1-hydroxyl of ribose-5-phosphate (Rib- 5-P). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family. Class I subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family. Class I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complexes and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. Also phosphorylates SMAD3 in a cell-cycle-dependent manner and represses its transcriptional activity. Component of the ternary complex, cyclin D/CDK4/CDKN1B, required for nuclear translocation and activity of the cyclin D-CDK4 complex (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Nucleus membrane Note=Cytoplasmic when non-complexed. Forms a cyclin D-CDK4 complex in the cytoplasm as cells progress through G(1) phase. The complex accumulates on the nuclear membrane and enters the nucleus on transition from G(1) to S phase. Also present in nucleoli and heterochromatin lumps. Colocalizes with RB1 after release into the nucleus (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: Mitophagy-specific receptor that recruits the autophagic machinery to mitochondria and regulates selective degradation of mitochondria. Mitophagy contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Recruits ATG11 to the surface of mitochondria. Promotes also autophagy- dependent peroxisome degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Vacuole membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Preautophagosomal structure membrane; Single-pass membrane protein Note=Is recruited to the preautophagosomal structure during mitophagy and imported into the vacuole along with mitochondria during starvation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG32 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the clusterin family.


FUNCTION: Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Catalyzes 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination. Acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis. Acts by specifically elongating 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains initiated by the E2 enzyme UBE2C/UBCH10 on APC/C substrates, enhancing the degradation of APC/C substrates by the proteasome and promoting mitotic exit. Also acts by elongating ubiquitin chains initiated by the E2 enzyme UBE2D1/UBCH5 in vitro; it is however unclear whether UBE2D1/UBCH5 acts as an E2 enzyme for the APC/C in vivo. Also involved in ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of VHL, resulting in an accumulation of HIF1A. In vitro able to promote polyubiquitination using all 7 ubiquitin Lys residues, except 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. Acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis. Acts by specifically elongating 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains initiated by the E2 enzyme ube2c/ubch10 on APC/C substrates, enhancing the degradation of APC/C substrates by the proteasome and promoting mitotic exit. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.


FUNCTION: Non-catalytic component of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, a complex that has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and regulates autophagy. The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound RAB8A and RAB39B into their active GTP-bound form, thereby promoting autophagosome maturation. As part of the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex, stimulates RAB8A and RAB11A GTPase activity in vitro, however WDR42 is shown not be an essential complex component for this function (By similarity). The C9orf72-SMCR8 complex also acts as a negative regulator of autophagy initiation by interacting with the ULK1/ATG1 kinase complex and inhibiting its protein kinase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Probable guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF). May promote the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP-bound small GTPases into their active GTP-bound form. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DENND11 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in transformation (competence for DNA uptake). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ComF/GntX family.


FUNCTION: Involved in pre-rRNA and tRNA processing. Utilizes the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine to catalyze the site-specific 2'-hydroxyl methylation of ribose moieties in rRNA and tRNA. Site specificity is provided by a guide RNA that base pairs with the substrate. Methylation occurs at a characteristic distance from the sequence involved in base pairing with the guide RNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methyltransferase superfamily. Fibrillarin family.


FUNCTION: Secreted effector that induces necrotic lesions in Nicotiana benthamiana (PubMed:22352720). Interacts with the host receptor-like kinases (RLKs) BAK1/SERK3 and BKK1/SERK4, inhibits their kinase activity and suppresses INF1-induced pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) in N.benthamiana (PubMed:30584105). Also interacts with the host receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase (RLCK) BIK1 and inhibits its kinase activity, thereby inhibiting PAMP-induced ROS generation (Probable). In PTI, phosphorylation relaying by RLKs and RLCKs is critical for the initiation of downstream signaling (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Host cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NIS1 effector family.


FUNCTION: Transcription repressor involved in regulation of protection against UV. Mediates transcriptional repression of CYP73A5, the gene encoding trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase, thereby regulating the accumulation of the UV-protectant compound sinapoylmalate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Negatively regulates its own expression and that of the subsequent genes in the proximal part of the division and cell wall (dcw) gene cluster. Acts by binding directly to DNA. May also regulate the expression of genes outside the dcw cluster. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, nucleoid. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MraZ family.


FUNCTION: CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat) is an adaptive immune system that provides protection against mobile genetic elements (viruses, transposable elements and conjugative plasmids). CRISPR clusters contain spacers, sequences complementary to antecedent mobile elements, and target invading nucleic acids. CRISPR clusters are transcribed and processed into CRISPR RNA (crRNA) (By similarity). The CMR complex degrades RNA complementary to the crRNA (target RNA) within UA dinucleotides, generating 3'-OH and 5'-phosphate ends. Activity is dependent on the 8 nt long 5' tag in the crRNA, an unpaired 3' flag on the target RNA, and is stimulated by ATP. Some cleavage of the guide crRNA can also be observed. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISPR system Cmr1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the cytidylyl group of CTP to sn- glycerol 3-phosphate so the activated glycerol 3-phosphate can be used for teichoic acid synthesis, via incorporation into both the linkage unit by TarB and TarF. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytidylyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Component of SCF(ASK-cullin-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which may mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins.


FUNCTION: Ligand for CXCR2 (By similarity). Has chemotactic activity for neutrophils. May play a role in inflammation and exert its effects on endothelial cells in an autocrine fashion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family.


FUNCTION: Oligopeptidase; part of the gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of the phomopsins, a group of hexapeptide mycotoxins which infects lupins and causes lupinosis disease in livestock (PubMed:34608734). Within the pathway, phomG and phomG' are probably involved in the processing of the phomA and phomA' precursors (Probable). The pathway starts with the processing of the precursor phomA by several endopeptidases including kexin proteases as well as the cluster-specific S41 family peptidase phomP1 and the oligopeptidase phomG to produce 10 identical copies of the hexapeptide Tyr-Val-Ile- Pro-Ile-Asp. After being excised from the precursor peptide, the core peptides are cyclized and modified post-translationally by enzymes encoded within the gene cluster. The timing and order of proteolysis of the phomA precursor and PTMs are still unknown. Two tyrosinase-like enzymes, phomQ1 and phomQ2, catalyze the chlorination and hydroxylation of Tyr, respectively. PhomYb, is proposed to be involved in the construction of the macrocyclic structure. The other 4 ustYa family proteins may be involved in PTMs that generate the unique structure of phomopsin A. PhomYa is required for the hydroxylation of C-beta of Tyr. PhomYc, phomYd, and phomYe are responsible for the biosynthesis of 2,3- dehydroisoleucine (dIle), 2,3-dehydroaspartic acid (dAsp), and 3,4- dehydroproline (dPro), respectively. While dIle formation by phomYc is indispensable for the installation of dAsp by phomYd, the order of the other PTMs have not been elucidated yet. Most of the biosynthetic enzymes likely have broad substrate specificity, and thus, there might be a metabolic grid from a precursor to phomopsin A. The enzyme(s) responsible for the biosynthesis of 3,4-dehydrovaline (dVal) have also not been identified yet. Finally, phomM acts as an S- adenosylmethionine-dependent alpha-N-methyltransferase that catalyzes two successive N-methylation reactions, converting N-desmethyl- phomopsin A to phomopsin A and phomopsin A further to an N,N- dimethylated congener called phomopsin E (Probable). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M3 family.


FUNCTION: Hydroxycinnamoyl transferase that catalyzes the transfer of an acyl from p-coumaryol-CoA to putrescine, to produce coumaroyl putrescine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant acyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Causes the redistribution of lumenal ER protein to an enlarged ERGIC compartment. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion Host endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the asfivirus MGF 110 family.


FUNCTION: Probable zinc metalloprotease whose natural substrate is unknown. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M54 family.


FUNCTION: Required for the insertion and/or proper folding and/or complex formation of integral membrane proteins into the membrane. Involved in integration of membrane proteins that insert both dependently and independently of the Sec translocase complex, as well as at least some lipoproteins. Aids folding of multispanning membrane proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Orphan receptor. Displays a significant level of constitutive activity. Its effect is mediated by G(s)-alpha protein that stimulate adenylate cyclase, resulting in an elevation of intracellular cAMP (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.


FUNCTION: Cation/proton antiporter involved in endogenous manganese tolerance probably through vesicular trafficking and exocytosis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Prevacuolar compartment membrane. Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis. Seems to both prevent the formation of 7-pterins and accelerate the formation of quinonoid-BH2. Coactivator for HNF1A-dependent transcription. Regulates the dimerization of homeodomain protein HNF1A and enhances its transcriptional activity (By similarity). Also acts as a coactivator for HNF1B-dependent transcription (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pterin-4-alpha-carbinolamine dehydratase family.


FUNCTION: Major component of the type IV pili that are required for social gliding motility through cycles of extension and retraction. Extended pili are composed of thousands of copies of PilA and retract upon binding to extracellular polysaccharides and thereby pull the cell forward. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium. Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the N-Me-Phe pilin family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UPF0208 family.


FUNCTION: Not known. Could be involved in the processing of hydrogenase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase A31 family.


FUNCTION: Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules (By similarity). The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV (By similarity). The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective (By similarity). Binds various lipids, including the sphingolipid ceramide, the phospholipid phosphatidylcholine, and the sterol cholesterol (By similarity). Binding of ceramide may be required to trigger the Binding of ceramide promotes the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) apoptotic pathway (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane Membrane Note=May localize to non-mitochondrial membranes. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin family.


FUNCTION: Involved in vitamin D transport and storage, scavenging of extracellular G-actin, enhancement of the chemotactic activity of C5 alpha for neutrophils in inflammation and macrophage activation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ALB/AFP/VDB family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PPR family. PCMP-H subfamily.


FUNCTION: In elementary bodies (EBs, the infectious stage, which is able to survive outside the host cell) provides the structural integrity of the outer envelope through disulfide cross-links with the small cysteine-rich protein and the major outer membrane protein. It has been described in publications as the Sarkosyl-insoluble COMC (Chlamydia outer membrane complex), and serves as the functional equivalent of peptidoglycan (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Periplasm.


FUNCTION: Serine protease inhibitor that inhibits trypsin and blocks voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). FUNCTION: Dual-function toxin that inhibits both serine proteases and voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the venom Kunitz-type family. 01 (intermediate) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds to the 23S rRNA. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL37 family.


FUNCTION: Binds LDL, the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma, and transports it into cells by endocytosis. In order to be internalized, the receptor-ligand complexes must first cluster into clathrin-coated pits. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Membrane, clathrin-coated pit Golgi apparatus Early endosome Late endosome Lysosome Note=Rapidly endocytosed upon ligand binding. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the LDLR family.


FUNCTION: Involved in serotonin biosynthesis (PubMed:17763868, PubMed:32595985, PubMed:19439571). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L- tryptophan to produce tryptamine, which is converted to serotonin by tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (PubMed:17763868, PubMed:32595985). May play a major role in serotonin biosynthesis during senescence (PubMed:19439571). Accumulation of serotonin attenuates leaf senescence (PubMed:19439571). Catalyzes the decarboxylation of 5-hydroxy-L- tryptophan to produce serotonin (PubMed:32595985). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the group II decarboxylase family.


FUNCTION: Ferric chelate reductase involved in iron reduction in roots. May participate in the transport of electrons to a Fe(3+) ion via FAD and heme intermediates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ferric reductase (FRE) family.


FUNCTION: Dephosphorylates 2-hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1- phosphate (HK-MTPenyl-1-P) yielding 1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5- methylthiopentene (DHK-MTPene). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. MtnX family.


FUNCTION: Required for the insertion and/or proper folding and/or complex formation of integral membrane proteins into the membrane. Involved in integration of membrane proteins that insert both dependently and independently of the Sec translocase complex, as well as at least some lipoproteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the OXA1/ALB3/YidC family. Type 2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: This protein functions both as an alpha-amylase inhibitor and as a chitinase. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 19 family. Chitinase class I subfamily.


FUNCTION: Peptidoglycan polymerase that is essential for cell division. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Localizes to the division septum. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SEDS family. FtsW subfamily.


FUNCTION: Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Chromosome, centromere, kinetochore Note=Localizes to kinetochores from late prophase to anaphase. Localizes specifically to the outer plate of the kinetochore. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SPC24 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S9C family.


FUNCTION: This protein is responsible for the conversion of alcohols to aldehydes in plants and is important for NAD metabolism during anaerobic respiration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes certain amino acid conjugates of the plant growth regulator indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M20 family.


FUNCTION: Part of the accessory SecA2/SecY2 system specifically required for export of possible cell wall proteins. The central subunit of a protein translocation channel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SecY/SEC61-alpha family. SecY2 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Histone H1 protein binds to linker DNA between nucleosomes forming the macromolecular structure known as the chromatin fiber. Histones H1 are necessary for the condensation of nucleosome chains into higher-order structured fibers. Acts also as a regulator of individual gene transcription through chromatin remodeling, nucleosome spacing and DNA methylation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Chromosome. Note=Mainly localizes in euchromatin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the histone H1/H5 family.


FUNCTION: Antigen-presenting protein that binds self and non-self glycolipids and presents them to T-cell receptors on natural killer T- cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Endosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein Note=Subject to intracellular trafficking between the cell membrane, endosomes and lysosomes.


FUNCTION: Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones (By similarity). Acts in the intestine to regulate anterior body muscle contractions (aBOC) and the expulsion steps during the defecation motor program (DMP). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the syntaxin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SchB/CurC family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the oxidation of long-chain primary alcohols and the oxidation of S-(hydroxymethyl) glutathione. Also oxidizes long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids, such as 20-HETE, producing both the intermediate aldehyde, 20-oxoarachidonate and the end product, a dicarboxylic acid, (5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenedioate. Class-III ADH is remarkably ineffective in oxidizing ethanol. Required for clearance of cellular formaldehyde, a cytotoxic and carcinogenic metabolite that induces DNA damage. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family. Class-III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of 4-(hydroxymethyl)-2- furancarboxaldehyde phosphate (4-HFC-P) from two molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-P (GA-3-P). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MfnB family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a glycogen-targeting subunit for phosphatase PP1. Facilitates interaction of the PP1 with enzymes of the glycogen metabolism and regulates its activity. Suppresses the rate at which PP1 dephosphorylates (inactivates) glycogen phosphorylase and enhances the rate at which it activates glycogen synthase and therefore limits glycogen breakdown. Its activity is inhibited by PYGL, resulting in inhibition of the glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase activities of PP1. Dramatically increases basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis upon overexpression in hepatocytes.


FUNCTION: Metallophosphoesterase required for transport of GPI-anchor proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi. Acts in lipid remodeling steps of GPI-anchor maturation by mediating the removal of a side-chain ethanolamine-phosphate (EtNP) from the second Man (Man2) of the GPI intermediate, an essential step for efficient transport of GPI- anchor proteins (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus, cis-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Note=Also localizes to endoplasmic reticulum exit site. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. MPPE1 family.


FUNCTION: Encapsidates the genome, protecting it from nucleases. The encapsidated genomic RNA is termed the nucleocapsid (NC) and serves as template for viral transcription and replication. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. Host cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Plasma membrane transporter mediating the uptake by cells of the water soluble vitamin B2/riboflavin that plays a key role in biochemical oxidation-reduction reactions of the carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the riboflavin transporter family.


FUNCTION: General factor that plays a role in the activation of archaeal genes transcribed by RNA polymerase. Binds specifically to the TATA box promoter element which lies close to the position of transcription initiation. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TBP family.


FUNCTION: Blocks Kv3 voltage-gated potassium channels. Reduces blood pressure. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted Nematocyst. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the sea anemone type 3 (BDS) potassium channel toxin family.