FUNCTION: Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, hematopoiesis, responses to growth factors and cytokines, integrin signaling, but also responses to DNA damage and genotoxic agents. Functions primarily as negative regulator, but can also function as activator, depending on the context. Required for the initiation of the B-cell response, but also for its down-regulation and termination. Plays an important role in the regulation of B-cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis, and is important for immune self-tolerance. Acts downstream of several immune receptors, including the B-cell receptor, CD79A, CD79B, CD5, CD19, CD22, FCER1, FCGR2, FCGR1A, TLR2 and TLR4. Plays a role in the inflammatory response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Mediates the responses to cytokines and growth factors in hematopoietic progenitors, platelets, erythrocytes, and in mature myeloid cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils and eosinophils. Acts downstream of EPOR, KIT, MPL, the chemokine receptor CXCR4, as well as the receptors for IL3, IL5 and CSF2. Plays an important role in integrin signaling. Regulates cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, migration, adhesion, degranulation, and cytokine release. Down-regulates signaling pathways by phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIM), that then serve as binding sites for phosphatases, such as PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN11/SHP-2 and INPP5D/SHIP-1, that modulate signaling by dephosphorylation of kinases and their substrates. Phosphorylates LIME1 in response to CD22 activation. Phosphorylates BTK, CBL, CD5, CD19, CD72, CD79A, CD79B, CSF2RB, DOK1, HCLS1, LILRB3/PIR-B, MS4A2/FCER1B, SYK and TEC. Promotes phosphorylation of SIRPA, PTPN6/SHP-1, PTPN11/SHP-2 and INPP5D/SHIP-1. Required for rapid phosphorylation of FER in response to FCER1 activation. Mediates KIT phosphorylation. Acts as an effector of EPOR (erythropoietin receptor) in controlling KIT expression and may play a role in erythroid differentiation during the switch between proliferation and maturation. Depending on the context, activates or inhibits several signaling cascades. Regulates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and AKT1 activation. Regulates activation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade, including activation of MAP2K1/MEK1, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1, MAPK8/JNK1 and MAPK9/JNK2. Mediates activation of STAT5A and/or STAT5B. Phosphorylates LPXN on 'Tyr-72'. Kinase activity facilitates TLR4-TLR6 heterodimerization and signal initiation. Phosphorylates SCIMP on 'Tyr-96'; this enhances binding of SCIMP to TLR4, promoting the phosphorylation of TLR4, and a selective cytokine response to lipopolysaccharide in macrophages (PubMed:28098138). Phosphorylates CLNK (PubMed:12681493). Phosphorylates BCAR1/CAS and NEDD9/HEF1 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Golgi apparatus Membrane; Lipid-anchor Note=Accumulates in the nucleus by inhibition of Crm1-mediated nuclear export. Nuclear accumulation is increased by inhibition of its kinase activity. The trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the cell membrane occurs in a kinase domain- dependent but kinase activity independent manner and is mediated by exocytic vesicular transport (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. SRC subfamily.


FUNCTION: May function as a linker between cadherin adhesion receptors and the cytoskeleton to regulate cell-cell adhesion and differentiation in the nervous system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell junction, adherens junction Cell projection, axon Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family.


FUNCTION: In vitro, catalyzes the introduction of a 9alpha-hydroxyl moiety into the ring B of 3-ketosteroid substrates such as 1,4- androstadiene-3,17-dione (ADD), 4-androstene-3,17-dione (AD), 4- androstene-17beta-ol-3-one (testosterone), 4-pregnene-3,20-dione (progesterone), 23,24-bisnorcholesta-4-ene-22-oate and 23,24- bisnorcholesta-1,4-diene-22-oate.


FUNCTION: Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in the formation or maintenance of synaptic junctions via its interactions (via the extracellular domains) with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synaptic signal transmission. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. Postsynaptic cell membrane. Note=Detected at glycinergic postsynapses in retina. Detected on dendritic spines on cultured neurons. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the plant cell wall polysaccharide acetylation pathway (PubMed:25681330, PubMed:30083810). Does not directly catalyze O-acetylation of xyloglucan but exhibits weak acetylesterase activity in vitro (PubMed:30083810). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL35 family.


FUNCTION: CDK-activating kinase that may control G1/S phase progression. May control the rate of cell differentiation to accomplish proper development of organs, or in response to a changing environment. Forms a complex with cyclin CYCH1-1 that phosphorylates CDKA-1 and the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: A putative methylase that may protect DNA from cleavage by an unknown endonuclease. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. C5-methyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolyzes RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphodiester to an RNA 2'- phosphomonoester. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. ThpR family.


FUNCTION: It is thought to provide protection for the cytoplasm during the desiccation stage of embryo development. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the small hydrophilic plant seed protein family.


FUNCTION: After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Acetylcholine receptor (TC 1.A.9.1) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Structural component of lens fiber gap junctions (PubMed:7678009). Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane (By similarity). Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore (PubMed:7678009). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell junction, gap junction. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the connexin family.


FUNCTION: Contributes to proper distribution and/or efficient assembly of nuclear pores. Required for normal pore density in the daughter nucleus during telophase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Nucleus, nuclear pore complex. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PER33/POM33 family.


FUNCTION: May be involved in iversification of muscle cell fates. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family.


FUNCTION: This protein seems to be a 2Fe-2S ferredoxin. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ring-hydroxylating dioxygenase ferredoxin component family.


FUNCTION: Involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. Catalyzes the transfer of a single 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate (Kdo) residue from CMP-Kdo to lipid IV(A), the tetraacyldisaccharide-1,4'- bisphosphate precursor of lipid A. Is strictly monofunctional, i.e. is capable of adding only a single Kdo residue to the acceptor lipid. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase group 1 family. Glycosyltransferase 30 subfamily.


FUNCTION: May play a role in immune regulation through regulation of the macrophage function (By similarity). May also play a role in trafficking of proteins via its interaction with unc119 family cargo adapters (By similarity). May play a role in ciliary membrane localization (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell projection, cilium. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UNC119-binding protein family.


FUNCTION: [Phoenixin-14]: Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (By similarity). Is a ligand for GPR173 (By similarity). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (By similarity). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety (By similarity). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (By similarity). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (By similarity). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation (By similarity). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (By similarity). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (By similarity). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Phoenixin-14]: Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (By similarity). Is a ligand for GPR173 (By similarity). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (By similarity). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety (By similarity). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (PubMed:30933929). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (PubMed:30933929). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation (By similarity). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (By similarity). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (By similarity). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Small integral membrane protein 20]: Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, that regulates cytochrome c oxidase assembly (By similarity). Promotes the progression of complex assembly after the association of MT-CO1/COX1 with COX4I1 and COX6C (By similarity). Chaperone-like assembly factor required to stabilize newly synthesized MT-CO1/COX1 and to prevent its premature turnover (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Phoenixin-20]: Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (By similarity). Is a ligand for GPR173 (By similarity). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (By similarity). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety (By similarity). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (By similarity). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (By similarity). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation (By similarity). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (By similarity). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (By similarity). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS (By similarity). FUNCTION: [Small integral membrane protein 20]: Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, that regulates cytochrome c oxidase assembly (PubMed:26321642). Promotes the progression of complex assembly after the association of MT-CO1/COX1 with COX4I1 and COX6C (PubMed:26321642). Chaperone-like assembly factor required to stabilize newly synthesized MT-CO1/COX1 and to prevent its premature turnover (PubMed:26321642). FUNCTION: [Phoenixin-20]: Peptide involved in a broad spectrum of regulatory functions (By similarity). Is a ligand for GPR173 (By similarity). As part of the reproductive cycle, it regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland which augments the release of luteinizing hormone (By similarity). Plays a protective role in memory retention through activation of GNRHR (By similarity). Regulates the secretion of AVP by hypothalamic neurons (By similarity). Plays a role in the transduction of the itch sensation (By similarity). Induces anxiolytic effects, reducing behavior associated with anxiety (By similarity). Regulates food intake as well as satiation and satiety (By similarity). In the ovary, it regulates follicular growth by stimulating granulosa cell proliferation by increasing the expression of GPR173, CREB1, CYP19A1, KITLG, FSHR, and LHCGR (PubMed:30933929). It also increases the production of estradiol (E2) (PubMed:30933929). In the heart, it regulates contractility and relaxation (By similarity). It also plays a cardioprotective role during ischemia, where it activates the SAFE and RISK pathways (By similarity). Stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes (By similarity). In pancreatic islet cells, it induces proliferation of islet cells as well as the production of INS (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Phoenixin-20]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Small integral membrane protein 20]: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single- pass membrane protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Phoenixin-14]: Secreted. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Small integral membrane protein 20]: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Plant non-specific lipid-transfer proteins transfer phospholipids as well as galactolipids across membranes. May play a role in wax or cutin deposition in the cell walls of expanding epidermal cells and certain secretory tissues. May possess an antifungal activity and protect the plant against pathogens. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the plant LTP family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the transcriptional regulatory Fis family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the FHY3/FAR1 family.


FUNCTION: Encodes at least three neuropeptides: two of the periviscerokinin family (APHPSSALLVPYPRV-amide and LYMARV-amide) and one pyrokinin (AFFYTPRI-amide). FUNCTION: [AFFYTPRI-amide]: Putative ligand for neuromedin U receptor homolog nmur-2.


FUNCTION: Primary role of GRF is to release GH from the pituitary. FUNCTION: PACAP plays pivotal roles as a neurotransmitter and/or a neuromodulator. Stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glucagon family.


FUNCTION: May play a role in determining the production of hemoglobin S. May act as a repressor. During embryonic development, plays a role in palatogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Dioxygenase that repairs alkylated DNA containing 1- methyladenine and 1-ethenoadenine by oxidative demethylation. Accepts double-stranded and single-stranded substrates, with a preference for dsDNA over ssDNA. Confers resistance to methylating agents such as methylmethanesulphonate (MMS). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alkB family.


FUNCTION: May glycosylate diterpenes or flavonols in leaves. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the UDP-glycosyltransferase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes a mechanistically unusual reaction, the ATP- dependent insertion of CO2 between the N7 and N8 nitrogen atoms of 7,8- diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA) to form an ureido ring. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of the alpha-amino group from S- adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) to 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) to form 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA). It is the only aminotransferase known to utilize SAM as an amino donor (By similarity). FUNCTION: Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes two different reactions involved in the biotin biosynthesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family. BioA subfamily. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the dethiobiotin synthetase family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Caudal homeobox family.


FUNCTION: Constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase that exhibits growth-factor-independent kinase activity and that may participate in p53/TP53-dependent cell growth arrest signaling and play an inhibitory role during embryogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. Nucleus. Note=Predominantly cytosolic. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. S6 kinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Involved in D-altritol catabolism. Catalyzes the oxidation of D-altritol to D-tagatose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenase family.


FUNCTION: A-kinase anchoring protein for GSK3B and PKA that regulates or facilitates their kinase activity towards their targets. The ternary complex enhances Wnt-induced signaling by facilitating the GSK3B- and PKA-induced phosphorylation of beta-catenin leading to beta-catenin degradation and stabilization respectively. Upon cAMP activation, the ternary complex contributes to neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis by facilitating the PKA-induced phosphorylation of DML1 and PKA-induced inactivation of GSK3B. During neurite outgrowth promotes neuron proliferation; while increases beta- catenin-induced transcriptional activity through GSK3B kinase activity inhibition, reduces N-cadherin level to promote cell cycle progression (By similarity). May play a role in cleft palate formation and is required for postnatal life through modulation of the activity of GSK3B during development (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GSKIP family.


FUNCTION: Important for bud site selection. Seems to be a regulatory subunit of the BUD14-GLC7 type-I phosphatase complex. The BUD14-GLC7 complex is necessary to regulate microtubule dynamics at the cortex and may function as a specific activator of the dynein complex.


FUNCTION: Voltage-gated chloride channel (By similarity). Plays an important role in membrane repolarization in skeletal muscle cells after muscle contraction (Probable) (PubMed:8119941). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 1/CLCN1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Broad-scope metal ion transporter with a preference for zinc uptake. Also mediates cellular uptake of nontransferrin-bound iron. FUNCTION: Electroneutral transporter of the plasma membrane mediating the cellular uptake of the divalent metal cations zinc, manganese and iron that are important for tissue homeostasis, metabolism, development and immunity (PubMed:27231142). Functions as an energy-dependent symporter, transporting through the membranes an electroneutral complex composed of a divalent metal cation and two bicarbonate anions (By similarity). Beside these endogenous cellular substrates, can also import cadmium a non-essential metal which is cytotoxic and carcinogenic (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Apical cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Early endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Late endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZIP transporter (TC 2.A.5) family.


FUNCTION: Seed storage protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 2S seed storage albumins family.


FUNCTION: This purine-specific ribonuclease cleaves 28S RNA in eukaryotic ribosomes, inhibits protein synthesis, and shows antitumor activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ribonuclease U2 family.


FUNCTION: Destroys radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex that plays a major role in DNA repair. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. Acts then as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins involved in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). The 9-1-1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by increasing its affinity for the 3'-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds; endonuclease FEN1 cleavage activity on substrates with double, nick, or gap flaps of distinct sequences and lengths; and DNA ligase I (LIG1) on long-patch base excision repair substrates. The 9-1-1 complex is necessary for the recruitment of RHNO1 to sites of double-stranded breaks (DSB) occurring during the S phase. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm, cytosol Note=In discrete nuclear foci upon DNA damage. According to PubMed:11077446, localized also in the cytoplasm. DNA damage induces its nuclear translocation. Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HUS1 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacterial ribosomal protein bL35 family.


FUNCTION: Galactosidase that is able to hydrolyze the alpha-1,6 disaccharide melibiose and the synthetic p-nitrophenyl alpha- galactoside substrate (pNP-Gal), with retention of the anomeric configuration. Does not hydrolyze DNP-Glc or pNP-Glc. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 97 family.


FUNCTION: Moderately activates human somatostatin receptors (SSTR) with a preferential activation of SSTR1 and SSTR4. In vivo, does not cause behavioral changes in mice within a few minutes of intracranial injection, but causes a progressive loss of movement thereafter. Four to five hours after injection, mice recover, even with the highest dose tested. Shows antinociception and antihyperalgesia activities in two mouse models of acute pain, most probably by acting outside the central nervous system. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the conotoxin C superfamily. Consomatin family.


FUNCTION: Component of the COP9 signalosome complex (CSN), a complex involved in various cellular and developmental processes. The CSN complex is an essential regulator of the ubiquitin (Ubl) conjugation pathway by mediating the deneddylation of the cullin subunits of E3 ligase complexes, leading to modify the Ubl ligase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Cytoplasmic vesicle, phagosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. CSN6 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Bactericidal activity, greater against Gram-positive bacteria. Low anti-fungi activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-defensin family.


FUNCTION: Substrate-specific adapter for CUL3 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (PubMed:27561354, PubMed:14528312, PubMed:35219381). Acts as an adapter for CUL3 to target the serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subunit PPP2R5B for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation, thus promoting exchange with other regulatory subunits (PubMed:23135275). Acts as an adapter for CUL3 to target the DNA-end resection factor RBBP8/CtIP for ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation (PubMed:27561354, PubMed:35219381). Through the regulation of RBBP8/CtIP protein turnover, plays a key role in DNA damage response, favoring DNA double-strand repair through error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) over error-free, RBBP8-mediated homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:27561354, PubMed:35219381). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the exchange of eukaryotic initiation factor 2- bound GDP for GTP. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eIF-2B gamma/epsilon subunits family.


FUNCTION: Involved in transport from the ER to the Golgi apparatus as well as in intra-Golgi transport. It belongs to a super-family of proteins called t-SNAREs or soluble NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) attachment protein receptor. May play a protective role against hydrogen peroxide induced cytotoxicity under glutathione depleted conditions in neuronal cells by regulating the intracellular ROS levels via inhibition of p38 MAPK (MAPK11, MAPK12, MAPK13 and MAPK14). Participates in docking and fusion stage of ER to cis-Golgi transport. Plays an important physiological role in VLDL-transport vesicle-Golgi fusion and thus in VLDL delivery to the hepatic cis-Golgi (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Note=Localizes throughout the Golgi apparatus, with lowest levels in the trans-Golgi network. Enriched on vesicular components at the terminal rims of the Golgi. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GOSR1 family.


FUNCTION: Functions as a coactivator for aryl hydrocarbon and nuclear receptors (NR). Recruited to promoters through its contact with the N- terminal basic helix-loop-helix-Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain of transcription factors or coactivators, such as NCOA2. During ER- activation acts synergistically in combination with other NCOA2-binding proteins, such as EP300, CREBBP and CARM1. Involved in the transcriptional activation of target genes in the Wnt/CTNNB1 pathway. Functions as a secondary coactivator in LEF1-mediated transcriptional activation via its interaction with CTNNB1. Coactivator function for nuclear receptors and LEF1/CTNNB1 involves differential utilization of two different activation regions. In association with CCAR1 enhances GATA1- and MED1-mediated transcriptional activation from the gamma- globin promoter during erythroid differentiation of K562 erythroleukemia cells (By similarity). FUNCTION: Seems to enhance inorganic pyrophosphatase thus activating phosphogluomutase (PMG). Probably functions as component of the calphoglin complex, which is involved in linking cellular metabolism (phosphate and glucose metabolism) with other core functions including protein synthesis and degradation, calcium signaling and cell growth (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Note=Shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CALCOCO family.


FUNCTION: May function as part of the axonemal radial spoke complex 3 (RS3). Radial spoke complexes are important for ciliary motility. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, cilium axoneme.


FUNCTION: Transcriptional repressor which forms a negative regulatory component of the circadian clock and acts independently of the circadian transcriptional repressors: CRY1, CRY2 and BHLHE41. In a histone deacetylase-dependent manner represses the transcriptional activator activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer. Abrogates the interaction of BMAL1 with the transcriptional coactivator CREBBP and can repress the histone acetyl-transferase activity of the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer, reducing histone acetylation of its target genes. Rhythmically binds the E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3') on circadian gene promoters and its occupancy shows circadian oscillation antiphasic to BMAL1. Interacts with the glucocorticoid receptor (NR3C1) and contributes to the repressive function in the glucocorticoid response. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. Nucleus, PML body. Note=Co-localizes with the CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimer in the PML body.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL13 family.


FUNCTION: Fatty-acid-binding protein. Interacts preferentially with saturated fatty acid. May be involved in alpha-linolenic (C18:3) metabolism. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast stroma. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the chalcone isomerase family.


FUNCTION: Allows the formation of correctly charged Asn-tRNA(Asn) or Gln-tRNA(Gln) through the transamidation of misacylated Asp-tRNA(Asn) or Glu-tRNA(Gln) in organisms which lack either or both of asparaginyl- tRNA or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetases. The reaction takes place in the presence of glutamine and ATP through an activated phospho-Asp- tRNA(Asn) or phospho-Glu-tRNA(Gln) (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GatC family.


FUNCTION: Microtubule-associated protein that exhibits cell cycle- dependent localization and can inhibit cell proliferation and migration. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Nucleus Note=Observed in the nucleus and at the perinuclear region during interphase, but localizes at the mitotic spindle and midbody at metaphase. A significant fraction of MARVELD1 translocates to the plasma membrane during anaphase or upon microtubule depolymerization (By similarity).


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the neurotoxin 19 (CSTX) family. 07 (U7-Lctx) subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the VEL1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the formation of putrescine from agmatine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the arginase family. Agmatinase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of a transport pathway that contributes to membrane integrity. FUNCTION: Component of a transport pathway that contributes to membrane integrity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor; Periplasmic side. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell outer membrane; Lipid-anchor; Periplasmic side.


FUNCTION: The coatomer is a cytosolic protein complex that binds to dilysine motifs and reversibly associates with Golgi non-clathrin- coated vesicles, which further mediate biosynthetic protein transport from the ER, via the Golgi up to the trans Golgi network. Coatomer complex is required for budding from Golgi membranes, and is essential for the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of dilysine-tagged proteins. In mammals, the coatomer can only be recruited by membranes associated to ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs), which are small GTP-binding proteins; the complex also influences the Golgi structural integrity, as well as the processing, activity, and endocytic recycling of LDL receptors. Plays a functional role in facilitating the transport of kappa-type opioid receptor mRNAs into axons and enhances translation of these proteins. Required for limiting lipid storage in lipid droplets. Involved in lipid homeostasis by regulating the presence of perilipin family members PLIN2 and PLIN3 at the lipid droplet surface and promoting the association of adipocyte surface triglyceride lipase (PNPLA2) with the lipid droplet to mediate lipolysis (By similarity). Involved in the Golgi disassembly and reassembly processes during cell cycle. Involved in autophagy by playing a role in early endosome function. Plays a role in organellar compartmentalization of secretory compartments including endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), Golgi, trans-Golgi network (TGN) and recycling endosomes, and in biosynthetic transport of CAV1. Promotes degradation of Nef cellular targets CD4 and MHC class I antigens by facilitating their trafficking to degradative compartments. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cytoplasmic vesicle, COPI-coated vesicle membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Cytoplasmic side Cell membrane Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment Note=The coatomer is cytoplasmic or polymerized on the cytoplasmic side of the Golgi, as well as on the vesicles/buds originating from it (By similarity). Proteolytic cleavage by CAPN8 triggers translocation from Golgi to cytoplasm (By similarity). Found in perinuclear vesicular-tubular clusters (VTCs) and in the Golgi region where associated with vesicles, buds and rims of the Golgi stack (By similarity). Occasionally present at the trans-side of Golgi, but mainly present at the cis-Golgi side in transitional areas (TA), on so-called peripheral elements (PE) consisting of tubules and vesicles located between the cup-shaped transitional elements (TE) of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the cis-most Golgi cisternae (By similarity). Present in cytoplasm, not associated with visible coats or membranes, with a minor fraction present on small clusters of tubules and vesicles (By similarity). Some association with high-density and low-density microsomes and mitochondria/nuclei fraction (By similarity). Very little found in plasma membrane fraction (PubMed:20362547).


FUNCTION: Alpha toxins bind voltage-independently at site-3 of sodium channels (Nav) and inhibit the inactivation of the activated channels, thereby blocking neuronal transmission. As it competes neither with the classical alpha-toxin AaH2 nor the beta-toxin Css2, this toxin is an alpha-like toxin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family. Alpha subfamily.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IIV-6 198R family.


FUNCTION: Transcription factor involved in the regulation of seed size (By similarity). Binds to DNA-specific sequences of CLPD1 and OAT promoters in vitro (PubMed:18813954). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Involved in the synthesis of meso-diaminopimelate (m-DAP or DL-DAP), required for both lysine and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Catalyzes the direct conversion of tetrahydrodipicolinate to LL- diaminopimelate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-I pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase family.


FUNCTION: Has a 11,12(11',12') 9-cis epoxycarotenoid cleavage activity. Catalyzes the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carotenoid oxygenase family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the S-100 family.


FUNCTION: Glucosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the non- bilayer-forming membrane lipid beta-monoglucosyldiacylglycerol which contributes to regulate the properties and stability of the membrane. Catalyzes the transfer of a glucosyl residue from UDP-Glc to diacylglycerol (DAG) acceptor to form the corresponding beta-glucosyl- DAG (1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol). It can only use UDP-Glc as sugar donor. Two types of DAG (dipalmitoyl-DAG (DPDAG) and 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-DAG (OPDAG)) can be used as sugar acceptors, but OPDAG is preferred. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 2 family.


FUNCTION: Calcium-independent phospholipase, lysophospholipase and O- acyltransferase involved in phospholipid remodeling with implications in endoplasmic reticulum membrane homeostasis and lipid droplet biogenesis (PubMed:19501189, PubMed:9705332, PubMed:10085124, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:28336330). Preferentially hydrolyzes the ester bond of the fatty acyl group attached at the sn-2 position of phospholipids with choline and ethanolamine head groups, producing lysophospholipids that are used in deacylation-reacylation cycles (PubMed:19501189, PubMed:9705332, PubMed:10085124, PubMed:10358058, PubMed:28336330). Transfers the sn-1 fatty acyl from one lysophospholipid molecule to the sn-2 position of another lysophospholipid to form diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl glycerophospholipids. Cleaves ester bonds but not alkyl or alkenyl ether bonds at sn-1 position of lysophospholipids (PubMed:19501189, PubMed:15944408). Catalyzes sn-2 fatty acyl transfer from phospholipids to the sn-2 position of 1-O-alkyl or 1-O-alkenyl lysophospholipids with lower efficiency (PubMed:19501189, PubMed:15944408). In response to dietary fatty acids, may play a role in the formation of nascent lipid droplets from the endoplasmic reticulum likely by regulating the phospholipid composition of these organelles (PubMed:28336330). FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) May facilitate human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection by promoting leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis. LTB4 acts as a chemoattractant for HTLV-1-infected CD4- positive T cells and favors cell to cell viral transmission. FUNCTION: (Microbial infection) May play a role in replication and assembly of human hepatitis C virus (HCV) (PubMed:23015700, PubMed:28336330). In response to HCV infection, promotes remodeling of host endoplasmic reticulum membranes to form organelle-like structures called membranous web, where HCV replication occur (PubMed:23015700). Can further mediate translocation of replication complexes to lipid droplets to enable virion assembly (PubMed:23015700, PubMed:28336330). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Lipid-anchor. Mitochondrion membrane; Lipid- anchor. Lipid droplet Note=Translocates from endoplasmic reticulum to lipid droplets in response to oleate.


FUNCTION: Alpha-glucosidase with specificity for isomaltase, methyl- alpha-glucoside, and palatinose. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 13 family.


FUNCTION: Shows activity against E.coli and S.aureus (MIC<6.25 uM), moderate activity against P.aeruginosa (MIC<25 uM), weak activity against B.subtilis (MIC<50 uM), and has no effect against L.garvieae, C.albicans, and S.cerevisiae. Has no hemolytic nor cytolytic activity. Causes an IgE-independent histamine release. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the formicidae venom precursor-01 superfamily. Ant pilosulin family.


FUNCTION: Glycerophosphodiester transporter that mediates uptake of glycerophosphocholine (GroPCho) with GIT3 (PubMed:24114876). Does not possess detectable glycerophosphoinositol (GroPIns) transport activity (PubMed:24114876). The expanded ability to utilize GroPIns and GroPCho results from the organism's pathogenic nature and its need to occupy a variety of environments within its host organism (PubMed:24114876). This possibility is buttressed by the fact that GroPIns and GroPCho are present and abundant in human fluids (PubMed:24114876). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family.


SIMILARITY: To yeast YBL086c.


FUNCTION: Involved in copper export. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IB subfamily.


FUNCTION: Multifunctional transporter that transports L-glutamate as well as multiple ions such as chloride, sodium and phosphate (PubMed:18215623, PubMed:18080752, PubMed:12384506). At the synaptic vesicle membrane, mainly functions as an uniporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells (PubMed:18215623, PubMed:18080752, PubMed:12384506). The L-glutamate uniporter activity is electrogenic and is driven by the proton electrochemical gradient, mainly by the electrical gradient established by the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase across the synaptic vesicle membrane (PubMed:12384506). In addition, functions as a chloride channel that allows a chloride permeation through the synaptic vesicle membrane that affects the proton electrochemical gradient and promotes synaptic vesicles acidification (By similarity). At the plasma membrane, following exocytosis, functions as a symporter of Na(+) and phosphate from the extracellular space to the cytoplasm allowing synaptic phosphate homeostasis regulation (By similarity). The symporter activity is electrogenic (By similarity). Moreover, operates synergistically with SLC18A3/VACHT under a constant H(+) gradient, thereby allowing striatal vesicular acetylcholine uptake (PubMed:18278042). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, synaptic vesicle membrane Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Synapse, synaptosome. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalytic component of the histone acetyltransferase NuA3 complex, that acetylates Lys-14 of histone H3. Recruitment of NuA3 to nucleosomes requires methylated histone H3. In conjunction with the FACT complex, NuA3 may be involved in transcriptional regulation. In vitro, SAS3 acetylates free histones H3 and H4. It is involved in silencing the HMR locus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MYST (SAS/MOZ) family.


FUNCTION: May contribute to the conjugative processing of DNA. It has a functional relationship with Psi (plasmid-mediated sos inhibition) proteins.


FUNCTION: This protein is not a protease, but it activates plasminogen by complexing with it. As a potential virulence factor, it is thought to prevent the formation of effective fibrin barriers around the site of infection, thereby contributing to the invasiveness of the cells.


FUNCTION: Required for the formation of a threonylcarbamoyl group on adenosine at position 37 (t(6)A37) in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Is a component of the KEOPS complex that is probably involved in the transfer of the threonylcarbamoyl moiety of threonylcarbamoyl-AMP (TC-AMP) to the N6 group of A37. The Kae1 domain likely plays a direct catalytic role in this reaction. The Bud32 domain probably displays kinase activity that regulates Kae1 function. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. BUD32 subfamily. SIMILARITY: In the N-terminal section; belongs to the KAE1 / TsaD family.


FUNCTION: Serine protease with chymotryptic and collagenolytic activities. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1 family.


FUNCTION: No toxicity is observed upon intracranial injection into mice and intrathorax injection into crickets. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Dermonecrotic toxins cleave the phosphodiester linkage between the phosphate and headgroup of certain phospholipids (sphingolipid and lysolipid substrates), forming an alcohol (often choline) and a cyclic phosphate (By similarity). This toxin acts on sphingomyelin (SM) with high activity (PubMed:16581177, PubMed:9790962, PubMed:21590705, PubMed:27233517). It also acts on lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and lyso-platelet activating factor (LPAF, an alkyl-LPC) but not on phosphatidylcholine (PC) (PubMed:21590705, PubMed:27233517). It may also act on ceramide phosphoethanolamine (CPE), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), but not on lysophosphatidylserine (LPS), and lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) (By similarity). It acts by transphosphatidylation, releasing exclusively cyclic phosphate products as second products (By similarity). In vivo, it induces dermonecrosis, vascular permeability, platelet aggregation, inflammatory response, edema and cytotoxicity against renal epithelial cells (PubMed:16581177, PubMed:9790962, PubMed:17900646, PubMed:27233517). It causes direct nephrotoxicity (PubMed:16005484) and is directly toxic to liver (PubMed:18765244). It also induces hemolysis in a complement-dependent manner as well as in a complement-independent manner (PubMed:9790962, PubMed:17900646, PubMed:21590705, PubMed:27233517). The hemolysis provoked in a complement-independent manner is composed of several steps (PubMed:21590705). The toxin binds to erythrocyte membranes, hydrolyzes membrane phospholipids (SM and LPC) thus generating metabolism products that cause hemolysis, probably by provoking an increase of calcium inside cells (PubMed:21590705). The calcium influx is due to the opening of L-type calcium channels, since L-type calcium channel blockers inhibit calcium influx (PubMed:21590705). In vivo, is lethal to mice when intraperitoneally injected (PubMed:17900646). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the arthropod phospholipase D family. Class II subfamily. Class IIa sub-subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis. Required for methionine synthesis and maintenance of intact mitochondrial DNA. Involved in telomere maintenance (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane Mitochondrion matrix Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the folylpolyglutamate synthase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in formation and maintenance of cell shape. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MreC family.


FUNCTION: Peptide chain release factor 1 directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons UAG and UAA. FUNCTION: Peptide chain release factor 1 directs the termination of translation in response to the peptide chain termination codons UAG and UAA. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the prokaryotic/mitochondrial release factor family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in the normal dynamic function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and its associated microtubules (PubMed:23479643, PubMed:27813252). Required for secretory cargo traffic from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus (PubMed:21478858). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum Note=Localizes to endoplasmic reticulum exit site (ERES), also known as transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER) (PubMed:27813252, PubMed:21478858).


FUNCTION: Contributes to the regulation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates CTNNB1-mediated transcriptional activation of target genes, such as CCND1, and may thereby act as tumor suppressor. May be involved in dendritic cell and neuron differentiation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, perinuclear region Cell projection, growth cone Note=In neurons, seems to concentrate at axonal growth cone. Perinuclear in neurons (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NDRG family.


SIMILARITY: To E.coli ylcG.


FUNCTION: Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. When bound to KRT17, regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. May also regulate MDM2 autoubiquitination and degradation and thereby activate p53/TP53 (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Secreted Note=May be secreted by a non-classical secretory pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 14-3-3 family.


FUNCTION: Binds voltage-independently at site-3 of sodium channels (Nav) and inhibits the inactivation of the activated channels, thereby blocking neuronal transmission. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (3 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily.


FUNCTION: Auxin response factors (ARFs) are transcriptional factors that binds specifically to the DNA sequence 5'-TGTCTC-3' found in the auxin-responsive promoter elements (AuxREs). Could act as transcriptional activator or repressor. Formation of heterodimers with Aux/IAA proteins may alter their ability to modulate early auxin response genes expression. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ARF family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO(2) to H(2)CO(3). The main role may be to provide inorganic carbon for the bicarbonate- dependent carboxylation reactions catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase. Involved in protection against oxidative damage. Encodes a substrate for the non- classical protein export pathway for proteins that lack a cleavable signal sequence. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus Mitochondrion intermembrane space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the beta-class carbonic anhydrase family.


FUNCTION: Mutarotase that catalyzes the interconversion of beta-D- galactose and alpha-D-galactose during galactose metabolism (PubMed:12753898). Beta-D-galactose is metabolized in the liver into glucose 1-phosphate, the primary metabolic fuel, by the action of four enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway: GALM, GALK1 (galactokinase), GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase) and GALE (UDP-galactose-4'-epimerase) (PubMed:30451973). Involved in the maintenance of the equilibrium between the beta- and alpha-anomers of galactose, therefore ensuring a sufficient supply of the alpha-anomer for GALK1 (PubMed:12753898). Also active on D-glucose although shows a preference for galactose over glucose (PubMed:12753898). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldose epimerase family.


FUNCTION: May act as a carbohydrate transporter (PubMed:24470637). Required, together with ENODL11, ENODL12, ENODL13, ENODL14 and ENODL15, for male-female communication and pollen tube reception and burst at the synergid cell surface of the female gametophyte (PubMed:27524487). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI- anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the early nodulin-like (ENODL) family.


FUNCTION: Lyase that catalyzes the covalent linking of the heme group to the cytochrome C apoprotein to produce the mature functional cytochrome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane Mitochondrion intermembrane space. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c-type heme lyase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding oocytes which mediates sperm binding, induction of the acrosome reaction and prevents post-fertilization polyspermy. The zona pellucida is composed of 3 to 4 glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, ZP3, and ZP4. ZP2 may act as a secondary sperm receptor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Processed zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 2]: Zona pellucida. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ZP domain family. ZPA subfamily.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane. SIMILARITY: To HAP-S protein.


FUNCTION: Guanylate cyclase involved in the production of the second messenger cGMP (By similarity). May be involved in sensitivity to quinine by regulating egl-4 activity through the production of cGMP (PubMed:23874221). Promotes the calcium flux to the cytoplasm in ASJ sensory neurons upon removal of a nitric oxide (NO) stimulus and is thereby involved in the behavioral avoidance response to NO-producing organisms like P.aeruginosa (PubMed:30014846). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family.


FUNCTION: Component of the large ribosomal subunit. The ribosome is a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL15 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of fructose-l- phosphate to fructose-l,6-bisphosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the carbohydrate kinase PfkB family.


FUNCTION: Might have a role in sequestration of chitin oligosaccharides (breakdown products of fungal cell walls that are released during invasion and act as triggers of host immunity) to dampen host defense. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.


FUNCTION: Preferentially cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxyl-terminal side of aspartate and glutamate. Along with other extracellular proteases it is involved in colonization and infection of human tissues. Required for proteolytic maturation of thiol protease SspB and inactivation of SspC, an inhibitor of SspB. It is the most important protease for degradation of fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP) and surface protein A, which are involved in adherence to host cells. May also protect bacteria against host defense mechanism by cleaving the immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgA and IgM. May be involved in the stability of secreted lipases (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S1B family.


FUNCTION: Monoterpene synthase (TPS) involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpene natural products used by traditional Chinese medicine to treat headache, inflammation and intoxication (Ref.1). Catalyzes the conversion of (2E)-geranyl diphosphate (GPP) into alpha-thujene (Ref.1). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the terpene synthase family. Tpsb subfamily.


FUNCTION: Sensor of abasic sites in single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) required to preserve genome integrity by promoting error-free repair of abasic sites (By similarity). Acts as an enzyme that recognizes and binds abasic sites in ssDNA at replication forks and chemically modifies the lesion by forming a covalent cross-link with DNA: forms a stable thiazolidine linkage between a ring-opened abasic site and the alpha-amino and sulfhydryl substituents of its N-terminal catalytic cysteine residue (By similarity). The HMCES DNA-protein cross-link is then degraded by the proteasome (By similarity). Promotes error-free repair of abasic sites by acting as a 'suicide' enzyme that is degraded, thereby protecting abasic sites from translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases and endonucleases that are error-prone and would generate mutations and double-strand breaks (By similarity). Has preference for ssDNA, but can also accommodate double-stranded DNA with 3' or 5' overhang (dsDNA), and dsDNA-ssDNA 3' junction (By similarity). Also involved in class switch recombination (CSR) in B-cells independently of the formation of a DNA-protein cross-link: acts by binding and protecting ssDNA overhangs to promote DNA double-strand break repair through the microhomology-mediated alternative-end-joining (Alt-EJ) pathway (PubMed:31806351). Acts as a protease: mediates autocatalytic processing of its N-terminal methionine in order to expose the catalytic cysteine (PubMed:29020633). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Chromosome Note=Recruited to chromatin following DNA damage. Localizes to replication forks. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the SOS response-associated peptidase family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of GMP from XMP. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the synthesis of GMP from XMP.


FUNCTION: May play a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required in the cortical actin filament dynamics and cell shape (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Note=Enriched on the plasma membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the STRIP family.


FUNCTION: A factor required for optimal assembly of photosystem II (PSII), acting in the early stages of PSII assembly. Also plays a role in replacement of photodamaged D1 (psbA). Assists YidC in synthesis of chlorophyll-binding proteins. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cellular thylakoid lumen Note=Associated with a PSII precusor complex on the lumenal side of the thylakoid membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Ycf48 family.


FUNCTION: Metal-dependent phosphatase that shows phosphatase activity against several substrates, including fructose-1-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate (By similarity). Its preference for fructose-1- phosphate, a strong glycating agent that causes DNA damage rather than a canonical yeast metabolite, suggests a damage-control function in hexose phosphate metabolism (By similarity). Has also been shown to have O-methyltransferase activity that methylates glutamate residues of target proteins to form gamma-glutamyl methyl ester residues (By similarity). Possibly methylates PCNA, suggesting it is involved in the DNA damage response (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the damage-control phosphatase family. Sugar phosphate phosphatase III subfamily.


FUNCTION: Part of the ABC transporter complex XylFGH involved in the uptake of xylose and arabinose (PubMed:29150511). Responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the binding-protein-dependent transport system permease family.


FUNCTION: Structural subunit of the major fimbriae. These long, filamentous pili are attached to the cell surface; they mediate biofilm formation, adhesion onto host cells and onto other bacteria that are part of the oral microbiome (PubMed:9786913, PubMed:12593606, PubMed:15165251, PubMed:17675496, PubMed:17526848, PubMed:20530728, PubMed:27062925). They play an important role in the invasion of periodontal tissues (PubMed:12593606). Fimbriae and their constituents are major virulence factors. FimA proteins from different strains have highly divergent sequences, and this has been used for classification (PubMed:23809984). The sequence-based classification correlates with pathogenicity (PubMed:17675496). FUNCTION: Structural subunit of the major fimbriae (PubMed:1987052). These long, filamentous pili are attached to the cell surface; they mediate biofilm formation, adhesion onto host cells and onto other bacteria that are part of the oral microbiome. They play an important role in the invasion of periodontal tissues (PubMed:1987052, PubMed:11748193). Fimbriae and their constituents are major virulence factors. FimA proteins from different strains have highly divergent sequences, and this has been used for classification. The sequence- based classification correlates with pathogenicity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium Cell outer membrane Note=Synthesized as palmitoylated precursor. The lipidated propeptide is removed during processing to the mature protein. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Fimbrium Cell outer membrane Note=Synthesized as palmitoylated precursor. The lipidated propeptide is removed during processing to the mature protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bacteroidetes fimbrillin superfamily. FimA/Mfa1 family.


FUNCTION: Putative immunity protein component of a toxin-immunity protein module, which may function as a cellular contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI) system. Blocks the toxic effects of expression of the C-terminus (residues 1519-1658) of cognate toxin RhsC in E.coli.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mimivirus BTB/WD family.


FUNCTION: The VP2 protein is one of the two proteins (with VP5) which constitute the virus particle outer capsid. It is the major target of the host immunogenic response. Responsible for viral attachment to target host cell, probably by binding to sialic acid. This attachment induces virion internalization predominantly through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the orbivirus VP2 family.


FUNCTION: Possesses high activity against hyaluronan in vitro. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CRISP family.


FUNCTION: Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. May form part of a tissue-specific acute response to remodeling stimuli. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted, extracellular space, extracellular matrix. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protease inhibitor I35 (TIMP) family.


FUNCTION: Component of the NOP7 complex, which is required for maturation of the 25S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs and formation of the 60S ribosome. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus, nucleolus Nucleus, nucleoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pescadillo family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a geranylgeranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl diphosphate to both cysteines of Rab proteins with the C-terminal sequence -XXCC, -XCXC and -CCXX, such as RAB1A, RAB3A, RAB5A and RAB7A. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein prenyltransferase subunit beta family.


FUNCTION: 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease (RNase) specifically targeting single-stranded RNAs (PubMed:28463111). Triggers miRNA accumulation in RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), composed of miRNAs and AGO proteins, by degrading uridylated cleavage fragments (PubMed:28463111). Required during plant growth and development (PubMed:28463111). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RICE family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the peptide bond hydrolysis in dipeptides having basic amino acids lysine, ornithine or arginine at C-terminus. Postulated to function in a metabolite repair mechanism by eliminating alternate dipeptide by-products formed during carnosine synthesis. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase M20A family.


FUNCTION: Kappa-casein stabilizes micelle formation, preventing casein precipitation in milk. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the kappa-casein family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DCC thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5'-CANNTG-3' as a heterodimer and inhibits transcriptional activation by MYOD1, MYOG, MEF2A and MEF2C. Also represses expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Involved in postnatal glycogen storage and energy metabolism. Inhibits the premature or ectopic differentiation of preosteoblast cells during osteogenesis, possibly by changing the internal signal transduction response of osteoblasts to external growth factors (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus Cytoplasm Note=Mainly nuclear during embryonic development. Cytoplasmic in adult tissues.


FUNCTION: Functions in trans to edit the amino acid moiety from incorrectly charged Ala-tRNA(Pro). Has weak activity on correctly charged tRNA(Ala), tRNA(Gly) as well as tRNA(Cys), tRNA(Met), tRNA(Pro), tRNA(Ser) and tRNA(Leu). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PRORSD1 family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the degradation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signal molecule HHQ (2-heptyl-4-quinolone) to anthranilic acid. Probably catalyzes the hydroxylation of HHQ to PQS (2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase family.


FUNCTION: Together with the chaperonin GroEL, plays an essential role in assisting protein folding. The GroEL-GroES system forms a nano-cage that allows encapsulation of the non-native substrate proteins and provides a physical environment optimized to promote and accelerate protein folding. GroES binds to the apical surface of the GroEL ring, thereby capping the opening of the GroEL channel. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, cyanelle. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the GroES chaperonin family.


FUNCTION: Has ribonuclease activity towards yeast tRNA and polyuracil, and decreasing ribonuclease activity towards polyadenine, polycytosine and polyguanine respectively. Lacks antifungal activity against M.arachidicola and P.piricola. Inhibits HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.


FUNCTION: Involved in transport of proteins into the mitochondrion. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane Mitochondrion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the metaxin family.


FUNCTION: Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase specific for ldb1, mediating ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation of excess ldb1 in a RING-dependent manner. Does not degrade ldb1 bound to lhx1/lim1, nor lim1 itself and thus contributes to the establishment of proper ldb1-lhx1/lim1 stoichiometry and the formation of a ldb1- lhx1/lim1 complex. Interferes with Spemann organizer function and suppresses secondary axis formation induced by ldb1 and lhx1/lim1. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNF12 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate into glycolate and glycerate, respectively. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GhrB subfamily. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family. GhrB subfamily.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the regulation of cell differentiation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family.


FUNCTION: Acts on ADP-mannose and ADP-glucose as well as ADP-ribose. Prevents glycogen biosynthesis. The reaction catalyzed by this enzyme is a limiting step of the gluconeogenic process (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudF subfamily.


FUNCTION: Kinase that can phosphorylate various inositol polyphosphate such as Ins(3,4,5,6)P4, Ins(3,4,6)P3 and Ins(1,3,4)P3 (PubMed:18474240). May participate in an inositol lipid-independent pathway of InsP6 synthesis (PubMed:18474240). Barely able to add a beta-phosphate to InsP6 to yield 5-InsP7, thus exhibiting negligible InsP6 kinase activity (PubMed:35635723). Has also Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 phosphatase activity (PubMed:35635723). Probably involved in the regulation of drought and salinity tolerance by diverting the flux of inositol phosphate pool towards phytate biosynthesis (PubMed:29289899). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ITPK1 family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the alpha,beta-elimination reaction of D-cysteine and of several D-cysteine derivatives. It could be a defense mechanism against D-cysteine. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ACC deaminase/D-cysteine desulfhydrase family.


FUNCTION: May have a role in pathogenicity.


FUNCTION: May be involved in the substitutions of the xylan backbone in stem glucuronoxylan. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 8 family. Glycogenin subfamily.


FUNCTION: Regulator of microtubule dynamic that has microtubule bundling activity (PubMed:17105200, PubMed:19633818). Required for embryo implantation; possibly by regulating beta-catenin (By similarity). Also required for decidualization via regulation of beta- catenin (PubMed:30667362). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the TPPP family.


FUNCTION: Reduces a broad range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols (PubMed:21048316). Reduces prostaglandins (By similarity). May play a role in the metabolism of xenobiotic aromatic aldehydes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aldo/keto reductase family.


FUNCTION: [CLE1-1]: Mimics host plant CLE extracellular signal peptides that regulate cell fate. May play a role in the differentiation or division of feeding cells (syncytia) induced in plant roots during infection. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [CLE1-1]: Secreted Host cytoplasm Host extracellular space Secreted, extracellular space, apoplast Note=Present in secretory granules within the dorsal esophageal gland secretory cell and in the dorsal gland ampulla (collecting reservoir) at the base of the nematode stylet. Secreted into host root cells via the nematode stylet to transform the recipient cells into enlarged multinucleate feeding cells called giant-cells or syncytia. Secreted from the host cytoplasm to the host apoplasm via a plant secretory pathway. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CLV3/ESR signal peptide family.


FUNCTION: The phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS), a major carbohydrate active transport system, catalyzes the phosphorylation of incoming sugar substrates concomitant with their translocation across the cell membrane. The enzyme II complex composed of GatA, GatB and GatC is involved in galactitol transport. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm.


FUNCTION: Acts as a calcium sensor and regulates phototransduction of cone and rod photoreceptor cells (By similarity). Modulates light sensitivity of cone photoreceptor in dark and dim conditions (By similarity). In response to high Ca(2+) levels induced by low light levels, prolongs RHO/rhodopsin activation in rod photoreceptor cells by binding to and inhibiting GRK1-mediated phosphorylation of RHO/rhodopsin (By similarity). Plays a role in scotopic vision/enhances vision in dim light by enhancing signal transfer between rod photoreceptors and rod bipolar cells (By similarity). Improves rod photoreceptor sensitivity in dim light and mediates response of rod photoreceptors to facilitate detection of change and motion in bright light (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Photoreceptor inner segment Cell projection, cilium, photoreceptor outer segment Photoreceptor outer segment membrane; Lipid-anchor; Cytoplasmic side Perikaryon Note=Primarily expressed in the inner segments of light-adapted rod photoreceptors, approximately 10% of which translocates from photoreceptor outer segments upon light stimulation (By similarity). Targeting of myristoylated protein to rod photoreceptor outer segments is calcium dependent (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the recoverin family.


FUNCTION: Self-assembles to form a helical, filamentous nucleocapsid (Probable) (PubMed:30135568). Together with capsid protein 1, wraps arounds the DNA and maintains it in an A-form (Probable) (PubMed:30135568). Capsid proteins probably maintain the DNA in A-form by non-specific desolvation and specific coordination of the DNA phosphate groups by positively charged residues (Probable) (PubMed:30135568). This certainly protects the viral DNA under conditions such as the extreme desiccation of its host (Probable). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion.


FUNCTION: DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes a negative element (S1F) within the RPS1 promoter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the S1FA transcription factor family.


FUNCTION: Magnesium-independent phospholipid phosphatase of the plasma membrane that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of glycerolipid and sphingolipid phosphate esters including phosphatidate/PA, lysophosphatidate/LPA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate/DGPP, sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P and ceramide 1- phosphate/C1P. Also acts on N-oleoyl ethanolamine phosphate/N-(9Z- octadecenoyl)-ethanolamine phosphate, a potential physiological compound. Has both an extracellular and an intracellular phosphatase activity, allowing the hydrolysis and the cellular uptake of these bioactive lipid mediators from the milieu, regulating signal transduction in different cellular processes. Through the dephosphorylation of extracellular sphingosine-1-phosphate and the regulation of its extra- and intracellular availability, plays a role in vascular homeostasis, regulating endothelial cell migration, adhesion, survival, proliferation and the production of pro- inflammatory cytokines (By similarity). By maintaining the appropriate levels of this lipid in the cerebellum, also ensure its proper development and function (By similarity). Through its intracellular lipid phosphatase activity may act in early compartments of the secretory pathway, regulating the formation of Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum retrograde transport carriers (By similarity). FUNCTION: Independently of this phosphatase activity may also function in the Wnt signaling pathway and the stabilization of beta- catenin/CTNNB1, thereby regulating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation in angiogenesis or yet in tumor growth. Also plays a role in integrin-mediated cell-cell adhesion in angiogenesis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Basolateral cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Membrane raft; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=Cycles between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PA-phosphatase related phosphoesterase family.


FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase (PubMed:10722743, PubMed:12869562, PubMed:26094711). Involved in the control of the cell cycle (By similarity). Required for entry into S-phase and mitosis (By similarity). Probable component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II (PubMed:12869562). In schizonts, phosphorylates ORC1 resulting in its dissociation from DNA, relocalization to the cytoplasm and likely its degradation (PubMed:26094711). FUNCTION: Serine/threonine-protein kinase (PubMed:8844681, PubMed:14604523). Involved in the control of the cell cycle (By similarity). Required for entry into S-phase and mitosis (By similarity). Probable component of the kinase complex that phosphorylates the repetitive C-terminus of RNA polymerase II (By similarity). In schizonts, phosphorylates ORC1 resulting in its dissociation from DNA, relocalization to the cytoplasm and likely its degradation (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily.


FUNCTION: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of cd86 and MHC class II proteins, such as hla-dr alpha and beta, and promotes their subsequent endocytosis and sorting to lysosomes via multivesicular bodies. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Lysosome membrane; Multi- pass membrane protein Early endosome membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Preptin undergoes glucose-mediated co-secretion with insulin, and acts as physiological amplifier of glucose-mediated insulin secretion. Exhibits osteogenic properties by increasing osteoblast mitogenic activity through phosphoactivation of MAPK1 and MAPK3. FUNCTION: The insulin-like growth factors possess growth-promoting activity (By similarity). Major fetal growth hormone in mammals. Plays a key role in regulating fetoplacental development. IGF2 is influenced by placental lactogen. Also involved in tissue differentiation. In adults, involved in glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver. Acts as a ligand for integrin which is required for IGF2 signaling. Positively regulates myogenic transcription factor MYOD1 function by facilitating the recruitment of transcriptional coactivators, thereby controlling muscle terminal differentiation (By similarity). Inhibits myoblast differentiation and metabolism via increasing the mitochondrial respiration rate (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family.


FUNCTION: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. The RPC25/RPC8-RPC17/RPC9 subcomplex may bind Pol III transcripts emerging from the adjacent exit pore during elongation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the eukaryotic RPC9 RNA polymerase subunit family.


FUNCTION: Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. When overexpressed, represses anti-oxidant response element (ARE)-mediated transcription. Involved either as an oncogene or as a tumor suppressor, depending on the cell context. Binds to the ARE sites of detoxifying enzyme gene promoters. Involved in embryonic lens fiber cell development. Recruits the transcriptional coactivators CREBBP and/or EP300 to crystallin promoters leading to up-regulation of crystallin gene during lens fiber cell differentiation. Activates the expression of IL4 in T-helper 2 (Th2) cells. Increases T-cell susceptibility to apoptosis by interacting with MYB and decreasing BCL2 expression. Together with PAX6, transactivates strongly the glucagon gene promoter through the G1 element. Activates transcription of the CD13 proximal promoter in endothelial cells. Represses transcription of the CD13 promoter in early stages of myelopoiesis by affecting the ETS1 and MYB cooperative interaction. Involved in the initial chondrocyte terminal differentiation and the disappearance of hypertrophic chondrocytes during endochondral bone development. Binds to the sequence 5'- [GT]G[GC]N[GT]NCTCAGNN-3' in the L7 promoter. Binds to the T-MARE (Maf response element) sites of lens-specific alpha- and beta-crystallin gene promoters. Binds element G1 on the glucagon promoter. Binds an AT- rich region adjacent to the TGC motif (atypical Maf response element) in the CD13 proximal promoter in endothelial cells. It may interact with additional basic-zipper proteins that determine a subtype of Maf- responsive element binding (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the bZIP family. Maf subfamily.


FUNCTION: Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that plays a key role in the synthesis of lacto- or neolacto-series carbohydrate chains on glycolipids, notably by participating in biosynthesis of HNK-1 and Lewis X carbohydrate structures. Has strong activity toward lactosylceramide (LacCer) and neolactotetraosylceramide (nLc(4)Cer; paragloboside), resulting in the synthesis of Lc(3)Cer and neolactopentaosylceramide (nLc(5)Cer), respectively. Probably plays a central role in regulating neolacto-series glycolipid synthesis during embryonic development. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Golgi apparatus membrane; Single- pass type II membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 31 family.


FUNCTION: May bind F-actin and nucleates actin assembly. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Lipid-anchor, GPI-anchor. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ponticulin family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. ATCase family. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the aspartate/ornithine carbamoyltransferase superfamily. ATCase family.


FUNCTION: Exhibits unusual shark repellent and surfactant properties. Forms voltage-dependent, ion-permeable channels in membranes. At high concentration causes cell membrane lysis. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Target cell membrane. Note=Forms a helical membrane channel in the prey. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the pardaxin family.


FUNCTION: Endoribonuclease that initiates mRNA decay. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RNase Y family.


FUNCTION: Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subunits to proton translocation. ATP5MK is a minor subunit of the mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase required for dimerization of the ATP synthase complex and as such regulates ATP synthesis in the mitochondria. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion membrane; Single-pass membrane protein.


FUNCTION: Capsid protein. Probably binds RNA and plays a role in packaging (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Virion. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cucumovirus capsid protein family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to glutamate to form L-glutamate 5-phosphate. FUNCTION: Catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group to glutamate to form L-glutamate 5-phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glutamate 5-kinase family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of the arabinogalactan (AG) region of the mycolylarabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (mAGP) complex, an essential component of the mycobacterial cell wall. Catalyzes the addition of the first key arabinofuranosyl (Araf) residue from the sugar donor decaprenyl-phospho-arabinose (DPA) on the C-5 of a 6-linked galactofuranosyl (Galf) of the galactan domain, thus 'priming' the galactan for further elaboration by other arabinofuranosyltransferases. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 85 family.


SIMILARITY: Belongs to the mimivirus L17x/L18x family.


FUNCTION: Component of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which binds co- transcriptionally to the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs and is involved in various processes such as pre-mRNA splicing and RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). The CBC complex is involved in miRNA-mediated RNA interference and is required for primary microRNAs (miRNAs) processing. In the CBC complex, ncbp-2 recognizes and binds capped RNAs (m7GpppG-capped RNA) but requires ncbp-1 to stabilize the movement of its N-terminal loop and lock the CBC into a high affinity cap-binding state with the cap structure (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the RRM NCBP2 family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. Note=Secreted into the endosperm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the peptidase S10 family.


FUNCTION: Important role in the capacity of milk to transport calcium phosphate. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the alpha-casein family.


FUNCTION: Proton pump that utilizes the energy of pyrophosphate hydrolysis as the driving force for proton movement across the membrane. Generates a proton motive force. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell inner membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the H(+)-translocating pyrophosphatase (TC 3.A.10) family. K(+)-insensitive subfamily.


FUNCTION: Essential thiol-reducing enzyme that protects the cell from thiol-specific oxidizing stress. Plays a minor role in defense against oxidative and nitrosative stress. Is essential to establish and maintain infection in mice. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family.


FUNCTION: Aquaporins facilitate the transport of water and small neutral solutes across cell membranes. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. NIP (TC 1.A.8.12) subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds carbohydrates. Capable of hydrolyzing the glycosidic link of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Can bind and deglycosylate O- glycosylated peptides from mammals. Can use p-nitrophenyl-beta-GlcNAc and 4-methylumbelliferone-GlcNAc as substrates (in vitro). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 84 family.


FUNCTION: Syntaxin that may be involved in targeting and fusion of Golgi-derived retrograde transport vesicles with the ER. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein Golgi apparatus membrane; Single-pass type IV membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the syntaxin family.


FUNCTION: Responsible for the thiolytic cleavage of straight chain 3- keto fatty acyl-CoAs (3-oxoacyl-CoAs) (Probable). Plays an important role in fatty acid peroxisomal beta-oxidation (Probable). Catalyzes the cleavage of short, medium, long, and very long straight chain 3- oxoacyl-CoAs (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Peroxisome Note=Transported into peroxisomes following association with PEX7. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the thiolase-like superfamily. Thiolase family.


FUNCTION: Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (By similarity). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (By similarity). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By similarity). The alpha1/beta2/gamma2 receptor, alpha2/beta2/gamma2 receptor and the alpha1/beta3/gamma2 receptor exhibit synaptogenic activity whereas the alpha2/beta3/gamma2 receptor shows very little or no synaptogenic activity (By similarity). Functions also as histamine receptor and mediates cellular responses to histamine (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Cell projection, dendrite Cytoplasmic vesicle membrane. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily. GABRG2 sub- subfamily.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the ferredoxin-dependent oxidative decarboxylation of arylpyruvates.


FUNCTION: Has in vitro nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity with nucleoside triphosphates, such as ATP. Has in vitro activity with p- nitrophenyl-TMP. Has lower activity with nucleoside diphosphates, and no activity with nucleoside monophosphates. Has in vitro activity with CDP-choline, giving rise to CMP and phosphocholine. Has in vitro activity with CDP-ethanolamine. Does not have sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activity. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the acid sphingomyelinase family.


FUNCTION: Required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation and efficient autophagy. Plays a role in ATG protein retrieval from the pre-autophagosomal structure (PAS) and is especially required for autophagy-dependent cycling of ATG9. Also plays a role in regulation of filamentous growth (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Membrane; Peripheral membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ATG23 family.


FUNCTION: Toxic component of a type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. An RNase. The cognate antitoxin is VapB17 (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PINc/VapC protein family.


FUNCTION: Beta toxins bind voltage-independently at site-4 of sodium channels (Nav) and shift the voltage of activation toward more negative potentials thereby affecting sodium channel activation and promoting spontaneous and repetitive firing. This toxin is lethal to mice. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the long (4 C-C) scorpion toxin superfamily. Sodium channel inhibitor family.


SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PATE family.


FUNCTION: Probable biotin transporter. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the BioY family.


FUNCTION: DEAD-box RNA helicase possibly involved in RNA degradation. Unwinds dsRNA in both 5'- and 3'-directions, has RNA-dependent ATPase activity (By similarity). Over-expression leads to cell aggregation. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Cell membrane; Peripheral membrane protein; Extracellular side. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DEAD box helicase family. CshA subfamily.


FUNCTION: Binds (in a non-immune fashion) to the Fc portion of human IgG and less well to IgA; binding occurs on the cell surface. Confers the ability to survive exposure to human serum exposure (PubMed:10722621). Binds to the Fc portion of human IgG and IgA and to whole mouse antibodies also via Fc (PubMed:19303642). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell surface Cell outer membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein Note=The C-terminal translocator domain is localized in the outer membrane and the passenger domain is at the cell surface. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the autotransporter-2 (AT-2) (TC 1.B.40) family. Eib subfamily.


FUNCTION: Amphipathic peptide that shows bradykinin potentiating activity and antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. Has higher antibacterial activities against Gram-negative than against Gram-positive bacteria. Also inhibits NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production (IC(50) is 0.4 uM on granulocytes stimulated with PMA, IC(50) is 0.51 uM on HL-60 cells undifferentiated and IC(50) is 0.53 uM on HL-60 cells treated with DMSO). The C-terminal peptide shows a higher bradykinin potentiating activity than the complete peptide. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the non-disulfide-bridged peptide (NDBP) superfamily. Long chain multifunctional peptide (group 2) family.


FUNCTION: Part of a complex that catalyzes the reversible reduction of CoM-S-S-CoB to the thiol-coenzymes H-S-CoM (coenzyme M) and H-S-CoB (coenzyme B). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HdrB family.


FUNCTION: Plays a role in mitochondrial cytochrome c maturation. Probable component of a heme lyase complex involved in the reduction of apocytochrome c. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion inner membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the CcmH/CycL/Ccl2/NrfF family.


FUNCTION: Catalyzes the phosphorylation of methylthioribose into methylthioribose-1-phosphate. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the methylthioribose kinase family.


FUNCTION: This is a receptor for the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass type I membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 1 subfamily.


FUNCTION: Component of the cytochrome b6-f complex, which mediates electron transfer between photosystem II (PSII) and photosystem I (PSI), cyclic electron flow around PSI, and state transitions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane; Single-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the PetM family.


FUNCTION: Hydrolysis of the deoxyribose N-glycosidic bond to excise 3- methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine from the damaged DNA polymer formed by alkylation lesions. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the DNA glycosylase MPG family.


FUNCTION: Involved in the regulation of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in response to IFNG/IFN-gamma (PubMed:10807793, PubMed:11468188, PubMed:17964261, PubMed:18577712, PubMed:19109554, PubMed:19584923, PubMed:16037825, PubMed:27030597, PubMed:28835462, PubMed:16785446, PubMed:17431422, PubMed:26347139). Organizes autophagic machinery by serving as a platform for the assembly of ULK1, Beclin 1/BECN1, ATG16L1, and ATG8 family members and recognizes specific autophagy targets, thus coordinating target recognition with assembly of the autophagic apparatus and initiation of autophagy (PubMed:16785446, PubMed:17431422, PubMed:26347139). Acts as an autophagy receptor for the degradation of several inflammasome components, including CASP1, NLRP1 and NLRP3, hence preventing excessive IL1B- and IL18-mediated inflammation (PubMed:16785446, PubMed:17431422, PubMed:26347139). However, it can also have a positive effect in the inflammatory pathway, acting as an innate immune sensor that triggers PYCARD/ASC specks formation, caspase-1 activation, and IL1B and IL18 production (PubMed:16037825, PubMed:27030597, PubMed:28835462). Together with AIM2, also acts as a mediator of pyroptosis, necroptosis and apoptosis (PANoptosis), an integral part of host defense against pathogens, in response to bacterial infection (By similarity). It is required for PSTPIP1-induced PYCARD/ASC oligomerization and inflammasome formation (PubMed:10807793, PubMed:11468188, PubMed:17964261, PubMed:18577712, PubMed:19109554, PubMed:19584923). Recruits PSTPIP1 to inflammasomes, and is required for PSTPIP1 oligomerization (PubMed:10807793, PubMed:11468188, PubMed:17964261, PubMed:18577712, PubMed:19109554, PubMed:19584923). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 2]: Nucleus. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: [Isoform 1]: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton Cell projection, ruffle Cell projection, lamellipodium Nucleus Cytoplasm Cytoplasmic vesicle, autophagosome Note=Associated with microtubules and with the filamentous actin of perinuclear filaments and peripheral lamellar ruffles (PubMed:11468188). In pre- apoptotic cells, colocalizes with PYCARD/ASC in large specks (inflammasomes) (PubMed:11468188). In migrating monocytes, strongly polarized at the leading edge of the cell where it colocalizes with polymerizing actin and PYCARD/ASC (PubMed:11468188).


FUNCTION: Transcription factor. Interacts specifically with the W box (5'-(T)TGAC[CT]-3'), a frequently occurring elicitor-responsive cis- acting element (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus.


FUNCTION: Sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factor. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the EGR C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family.


FUNCTION: Converts heme B (protoheme IX) to heme O by substitution of the vinyl group on carbon 2 of heme B porphyrin ring with a hydroxyethyl farnesyl side group. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. SIMILARITY: In the C-terminal section; belongs to the UbiA prenyltransferase family. Protoheme IX farnesyltransferase subfamily.


FUNCTION: Calcium-binding peroxygenase involved in cutin monomers biosynthesis. Can catalyze epoxidation of fatty acid and sulfoxidation reactions that can proceede competitively, although in favor of the sulfoxidation. Can only use unsaturated fatty acids with double bonds in the cis configuration as substrates. The preferred substrate is oleic acid and is inactive toward ricinoleic acid. Free fatty acid and fatty acid methyl esters are effective substrate forms, but not phospholipids and acyl-CoA. Hydroperoxy-trienoic (HPOT) acids are preferred over Hydroperoxy-dienoic (HPODT) acids as oxygen donors. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Microsome membrane. Lipid droplet. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the caleosin family.


FUNCTION: May phosphorylate a specific serine in the N-terminus of a myosin light chain. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CaMK subfamily.


FUNCTION: The association of the DR1/DRAP1 heterodimer with TBP results in a functional repression of both activated and basal transcription of class II genes. This interaction precludes the formation of a transcription-competent complex by inhibiting the association of TFIIA and/or TFIIB with TBP. Can bind to DNA on its own. Component of the ATAC complex, a complex with histone acetyltransferase activity on histones H3 and H4. SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. SIMILARITY: Belongs to the NC2 beta/DR1 family.


FUNCTION: Serine/arginine-rich protein-specific kinase which specifically phosphorylates its substrates at serine residues located in regions rich in arginine/serine dipeptides, known as RS domains and is involved in the phosphorylation of SR splicing factors and the regulation of splicing (PubMed:9446799). Promotes neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating cyclin-D1 (CCND1) expression (PubMed:19592491). This is done by the phosphorylation of SRSF2, leading to the suppression of p53/TP53 phosphorylation thereby relieving the repressive effect of p53/TP53 on cyclin-D1 (CCND1) expression (By similarity). Phosphorylates ACIN1, and redistributes it from the nuclear speckles to the nucleoplasm, resulting in cyclin A1 but not cyclin A2 up-regulation (By similarity). Plays an essential role in spliceosomal B complex formation via the phosphorylation of DDX23/PRP28 (By similarity). Probably by phosphorylating DDX23, leads to the suppression of incorrect R-loops formed during transcription; R-loops are composed of a DNA:RNA hybrid and the associated non-template single-stranded DNA (By similarity). SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm Nucleus, nucleoplasm Nucleus speckle Chromosome Note=Shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (By similarity). KAT5/TIP60 inhibits its nuclear translocation (By similarity). Phosphorylation at Thr-492 by PKB/AKT1 promotes nuclear translocation (By similarity). Preferentially localizes across the entire gene coding region (By similarity). During transcription, accumulates at chromatin loci where unscheduled R-loops form and colocalizes with paused 'Ser-5'-phosphorlyated POLR2A/RNA polymerase II and helicase DDX23 (By similarity). SIMILARITY: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family.