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@@ -284,45 +284,32 @@ These objects have a clear mathematical interpretation as symmetric functions of
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- # 8. The architecture did not scale monotonically
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- One of the strongest negative results appeared when we increased network depth.
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- Larger models did not automatically produce better numerical or symbolic behavior.
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- Some 32-layer configurations entered a collapsed regime in which the output became almost constant across very different polynomial inputs.
 
 
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- A representative failure had approximately
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- $$
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- \mathrm{MAE}\approx12.5,
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- compared with values near 1 or below 1 for successful real-root runs.
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- This happened even when the parameter budget was large.
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- Later, a particularly clean comparison used approximately the same parameter count:
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- 24L/600K
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- versus
 
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- 32L/600K.
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- The 24-layer model worked normally, while the 32-layer model collapsed after only a few epochs.
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- This is an important result because it shows:
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- \boxed{\text{more depth does not automatically produce more algebraic reasoning}}
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- and, in this architecture, depth interacts strongly with optimization stability.
 
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+ # ## 8. Non-Monotonic Scaling with Network Depth
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+ Increasing network depth did not consistently improve numerical performance or symbolic recoverability in our experiments.
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+ In several 32-layer configurations, training entered a collapsed regime in which the network produced nearly constant outputs across substantially different polynomial inputs. One representative failed run exhibited a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately
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+ \[
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+ \mathrm{MAE}\approx 12.5,
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+ \]
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+ whereas successful runs on real-root instances achieved MAE values near or below 1.
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+ A particularly informative comparison involved two models with approximately matched parameter budgets of 600K parameters:
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+ a 24-layer model and a 32-layer model. Under the tested training configurations,
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+ the 24-layer model trained successfully, whereas the 32-layer model collapsed after only a few epochs.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ These observations establish that, for the tested configurations, increasing depth did not yield a monotonic improvement in numerical performance.
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+ Instead, the deeper model exhibited a substantially less favorable training outcome despite a comparable parameter budget.
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+ One possible explanation is that additional layers exacerbate optimization difficulties associated with the composition of nonlinear transformations,
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+ including the propagation of gradients through polynomial activations.
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+ However, the experiments reported here do not establish this mechanism, nor do they imply that 24 layers are inherently superior to 32 layers.
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+ Matching parameter counts can also require different hidden widths, which may independently affect optimization and representational capacity.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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+ We therefore treat this result as evidence of a depth-related optimization failure in the tested configurations,
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+ motivating a more systematic investigation of gradient propagation, activation statistics, and training stability as functions of depth and width.
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