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README.md
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# 8.
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compared with values near 1 or below 1 for successful real-root runs.
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This happened even when the parameter budget was large.
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Later, a particularly clean comparison used approximately the same parameter count:
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$$
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24L/600K
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$$
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The 24-layer model worked normally, while the 32-layer model collapsed after only a few epochs.
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This is an important result because it shows:
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$$
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\boxed{\text{more depth does not automatically produce more algebraic reasoning}}
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$$
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# ## 8. Non-Monotonic Scaling with Network Depth
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Increasing network depth did not consistently improve numerical performance or symbolic recoverability in our experiments.
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In several 32-layer configurations, training entered a collapsed regime in which the network produced nearly constant outputs across substantially different polynomial inputs. One representative failed run exhibited a mean absolute error (MAE) of approximately
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\[
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\mathrm{MAE}\approx 12.5,
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\]
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whereas successful runs on real-root instances achieved MAE values near or below 1.
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A particularly informative comparison involved two models with approximately matched parameter budgets of 600K parameters:
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a 24-layer model and a 32-layer model. Under the tested training configurations,
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the 24-layer model trained successfully, whereas the 32-layer model collapsed after only a few epochs.
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These observations establish that, for the tested configurations, increasing depth did not yield a monotonic improvement in numerical performance.
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Instead, the deeper model exhibited a substantially less favorable training outcome despite a comparable parameter budget.
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One possible explanation is that additional layers exacerbate optimization difficulties associated with the composition of nonlinear transformations,
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including the propagation of gradients through polynomial activations.
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However, the experiments reported here do not establish this mechanism, nor do they imply that 24 layers are inherently superior to 32 layers.
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Matching parameter counts can also require different hidden widths, which may independently affect optimization and representational capacity.
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We therefore treat this result as evidence of a depth-related optimization failure in the tested configurations,
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motivating a more systematic investigation of gradient propagation, activation statistics, and training stability as functions of depth and width.
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