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README.md
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ContextTAD is a deep-learning TAD caller that learns boundary evidence from broader local Hi-C windows that capture TAD-scale structural context. Instead of treating boundary prediction as an isolated per-bin classification problem, ContextTAD uses a context-aware representation to produce left- and right-boundary tracks that are explicitly optimized for downstream TAD assembly.
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## Environment setup
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Create a conda environment named `contexttad`.
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```bash
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conda create -n contexttad python=3.12 -y
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conda activate contexttad
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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Additional external tools required by some evaluation/plotting scripts:
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- `Rscript` (for structural protein enrichment)
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- `coolpup.py` (for coolpup pileups)
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- `pyGenomeTracks` (for genome track visualizations)
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## Data preparation
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The full processed dataset is too large to keep in the Git repository. The expected layout, array format, and preprocessing inputs are documented in [`0-data/README.md`](0-data/README.md).
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**Note: Most processed resources are available from [Zenodo](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19062598). Raw `.mcool` files should be downloaded from the 4DN Data Portal.**
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The two required data roots are:
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```text
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0-data/1_dp_train_infer_data/
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0-data/2_eval_tads_data/
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```
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You may place them elsewhere and set:
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```bash
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export TAD_DATA_DIR=/path/to/1_dp_train_infer_data
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export EVAL_DATA_ROOT=/path/to/2_eval_tads_data
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```
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### Main data sources
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| Category | Cell line | Identifier or file | Source |
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| Hi-C | GM12878 | `4DNFIXP4QG5B` and downsampled fractions | 4DN Data Portal |
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| Hi-C | K562 | `4DNFI4DGNY7J` | 4DN Data Portal |
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| Hi-C | IMR90 | `4DNFIJTOIGOI` | 4DN Data Portal |
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| CTCF ChIP-seq | GM12878 | `ENCFF796WRU` | ENCODE |
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| CTCF signal bigWig | GM12878 | `ENCFF232FCT` | ENCODE |
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| CTCF ChIP-seq | K562 | `ENCFF901CBP` | ENCODE |
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| CTCF ChIP-seq | IMR90 | `ENCFF203SRF` | ENCODE |
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| CTCF ChIA-PET | GM12878 | `GSE72816` | GEO |
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| CTCF ChIA-PET | K562 | `ENCFF001THV` | ENCODE |
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| CTCF ChIA-PET | IMR90 | `ENCFF682YFU` | ENCODE |
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| H3K27me3 ChIP-seq | GM12878 | `ENCFF039JOT` | ENCODE |
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| H3K36me3 ChIP-seq | GM12878 | `ENCFF171MDW` | ENCODE |
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The data sourcing follows the resources described by [RefHiC](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-35231-3).
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## How to run (step by step)
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The workflow is deliberately separated into data preparation, training,
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inference/TAD construction, and evaluation. Run commands from the repository
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root unless stated otherwise.
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### Step 1: prepare training and inference arrays
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Build the GM12878 windows after configuring the raw Hi-C and genomic-track
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paths required by the preprocessing scripts:
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```bash
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python 1-prepare_data/step2_prepare_labels/scripts/prepare_data.py
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```
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The command will create the seven coverage directories, shared DP-refined labels,
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and `window_list.json` under `TAD_DATA_DIR`. To process only a subset of the
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coverage levels, use one of the following mutually exclusive options:
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```bash
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# Build only the 4000M arrays.
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python 1-prepare_data/step2_prepare_labels/scripts/prepare_data.py --only-4000M
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# Build all downsampled arrays while reusing an existing 4000M directory.
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python 1-prepare_data/step2_prepare_labels/scripts/prepare_data.py --skip-4000M
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```
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Build K562 or IMR90 arrays for cross-cell inference with:
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```bash
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python 1-prepare_data/step1_process_data/scripts/prepare_othercell_inference_data.py \
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--mcool /path/to/cell_line.mcool::/resolutions/5000 \
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--out_data_dir "$TAD_DATA_DIR/other_celltypes/K562" \
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--coverage_tag K562
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```
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Here, `--mcool` selects the 5-kb matrix, `--out_data_dir` is the destination
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for the processed windows, and `--coverage_tag` is the identifier written into
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the generated metadata. Replace `K562` with `IMR90` for the second cell line.
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### Step 2: train the base model
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The base experiment uses O/E inputs, a diagonal radius of 50 bins, and random
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coverage sampling for both training and validation.
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```bash
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bash 2-training/step1_train/scripts/run_train_base.sh \
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--gpu-ids 0 \
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--run-id train_base_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) \
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--epochs 50 \
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--batch-size 16
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```
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`--gpu-ids` selects the devices exposed to Accelerate; use `--gpu-ids 0,1, ...` for
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multi-GPU distributed training.
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Outputs are written under:
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```text
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2-training/step1_train/outputs/<run_id>/
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├── logs/
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├── run_command.sh
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└── train_outputs/
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├── args.json
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├── best_model.pt
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├── final_model.pt
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├── history.json
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└── checkpoints/
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```
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Inspect the training curves with:
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```bash
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tensorboard --logdir 2-training/step1_train/outputs
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```
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### Step 3: infer GM12878 TADs
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Run the best checkpoint on all seven GM12878 coverage levels for held-out
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chromosomes 15, 16, and 17:
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```bash
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bash 2-training/step2_infer_decode/scripts/run_infer_decode_gm12878.sh \
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--checkpoint /path/to/best_model.pt \
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--gpu-id 0 \
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--run-id infer_gm12878_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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```
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`--checkpoint` accepts a checkpoint produced in Step 2 or downloaded from
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Hugging Face. `--gpu-id` selects the inference device, and `--run-id` names the
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output directory.
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This stage writes chromosome-level boundary tracks, FDR-selected pair
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candidates, postprocessing statistics, and final BED files under
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`2-training/step2_infer_decode/outputs/<run_id>/`.
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### Step 4: infer K562 and IMR90 TADs (optional)
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Cross-cell inference uses the same checkpoint and decoder:
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```bash
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bash 2-training/step2_infer_decode/scripts/run_infer_decode_othercell.sh \
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--checkpoint /path/to/best_model.pt \
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--gpu-id 0 \
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--run-id infer_othercell_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) \
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--data-root "$OTHERCELL_DATA_ROOT"
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```
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`--data-root` must contain the processed `K562/` and `IMR90/` array
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directories. If omitted, the script uses the default location documented in
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`0-data/README.md`.
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### Step 5: evaluate the predictions
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Evaluate the main GM12878 and cross-cell results against the reference callers:
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```bash
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bash 3-evaluation/step1_main_results_vs_tools/scripts/run_main_results.sh \
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--gm12878-beds /path/to/gm12878_beds \
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--othercell-beds /path/to/othercell_beds \
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--run-id main_results_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) \
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--run-coolpup \
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--run-histone
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```
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`--gm12878-beds` refers to the seven-coverage output from Step 3, while
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`--othercell-beds` refers to the K562/IMR90 output from Step 4.
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`--run-histone` enables the histone permutation test, and
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`--run-coolpup` enables aggregate pileup analysis. Omit either flag to skip that
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optional experiment. TAD-size statistics are always computed because they only
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require the 250M BED files.
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Evaluate one ContextTAD variant on the core GM12878 experiments with:
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```bash
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bash 3-evaluation/step2_model_ablation_ours_only/scripts/run_model_ablation_eval.sh \
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--gm12878-beds /path/to/gm12878_beds \
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--run-id ablation_eval_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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```
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This lightweight route runs exp1, exp3, exp4, and exp6 without requiring
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other-cell data, histone tracks, or `.mcool` files.
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### Evaluation experiment catalog
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| Experiment | Analysis | Main manuscript use |
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| `exp1_tadnum_ctcf_chiapet` | 250M CTCF ChIA-PET-supported L0/L1+ TAD counts | Figure 2b |
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| `exp2_struct_protein` | CTCF, RAD21, and SMC3 boundary enrichment | Figure 2c |
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| `exp3_tadb_left_ctcf_chipseq` | Left-boundary CTCF ChIP-seq support | Figure 2d |
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| `exp4_tadb_right_ctcf_chipseq` | Right-boundary CTCF ChIP-seq support | Figure 2e |
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| `exp5_coolpup` | Aggregate TAD pileups | Figure 5 |
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| `exp6_tadnum_ctcf_chiapet_downsample` | Seven-coverage TAD counts and CTCF support | Figure 3 |
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| `exp7_othercell_tadnum_ctcf_chiapet` | K562/IMR90 CTCF ChIA-PET support | Figure 4 |
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| `exp8_othercell_both_ctcf_chipseq` | K562/IMR90 directional boundary support | Figure 4 |
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| `exp9_tad_size` | 250M TAD-size distribution and median ranking | Figure 2a |
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| `exp10_histone_modification` | H3K27me3/H3K36me3 contrast permutation test | Figure 2f |
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| `exp11_pairscore_structure` | Pair-score quartile pileups, boundary insulation, and representative regions | Figure 6 |
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Each directory under `3-evaluation/common/` contains its executable entry point
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and a `DATA_REQUIREMENTS.md` file describing the required inputs and metric.
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Run the two additional Figure 2 analyses independently with:
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```bash
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# TAD-size statistics (Figure 2a).
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EVAL_DATA_ROOT=/path/to/2_eval_tads_data \
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bash 3-evaluation/common/exp9_tad_size/run_exp9.sh
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# Histone-modification contrast (Figure 2f).
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EVAL_DATA_ROOT=/path/to/2_eval_tads_data \
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RSCRIPT_BIN=/path/to/Rscript \
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BEDTOOLS_BIN=/path/to/bedtools \
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bash 3-evaluation/common/exp10_histone_modification/run_exp10.sh
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```
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`EVAL_DATA_ROOT` supplies the reference callers and benchmark tracks.
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`RSCRIPT_BIN` and `BEDTOOLS_BIN` may be omitted when both commands are already
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available on `PATH`.
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Run the Figure 6 structural characterization independently because it requires
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both final calls and the scored raw candidates from the same 4000M inference
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run:
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```bash
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bash 3-evaluation/common/exp11_pairscore_structure/run_exp11.sh \
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--final-bed /path/to/GM12878_4000M_contexttad.bed \
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--raw-bed /path/to/ContextTAD_structure_4000M.bed \
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--mcool /path/to/GM12878_4000M.mcool \
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--chiapet /path/to/gm12878_ctcf_chiapet.bedpe \
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--ctcf /path/to/ENCFF232FCT_CTCF.bigWig \
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--h3k27 /path/to/ENCFF039JOT_H3K27me3.bigWig \
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--h3k36 /path/to/ENCFF171MDW_H3K36me3.bigWig \
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--output-dir /path/to/figure6_results \
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--cache-dir /path/to/figure6_cache
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```
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This produces the pair-score quartile pileups, left/right insulation profiles,
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three representative genomic regions, and `fig6_final.{png,pdf}`. See
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for exact formats.
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### Step 6: run the complete pipeline with one command
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The shortest command trains on GPU 0, infers on GPU 0, and runs the core
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GM12878 evaluation suite:
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```bash
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bash 4-fullpipeline/run_full_pipeline.sh \
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--train-gpus 0 \
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--infer-gpu 0
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```
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The omitted options use an automatically generated run ID, batch size 16, the
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default Accelerate port, and the default 50-epoch schedule.
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Run the complete suite, including K562/IMR90 inference, coolpup, TAD-size, and
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histone-modification analyses, with:
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```bash
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bash 4-fullpipeline/run_full_pipeline.sh \
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--train-gpus 0 \
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--infer-gpu 0 \
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--run-id full_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S) \
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--train-epochs 50 \
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--batch-size 16 \
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--master-port 29600 \
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--all-exps
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```
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`--train-gpus` accepts one or more comma-separated devices, whereas
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`--infer-gpu` selects one inference device. `--all-exps` enables other-cell
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inference and the ten standard benchmark workflows. Figure 6 remains a
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standalone analysis because it additionally consumes scored raw candidates and
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genome-track files. The full-pipeline output contains symlinks to stage-specific
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products; model weights remain only under `2-training/step1_train/outputs/`.
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### Step 7: run ablation experiments
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All ablations retain the base architecture and optimization settings unless
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explicitly changed. Each wrapper accepts the same arguments as
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`run_train_base.sh`:
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```bash
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# Observed contact matrix instead of O/E.
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bash 2-training/step1_train/scripts/run_train_obs_input.sh \
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--gpu-ids 0 --run-id obs_input_run --epochs 50 --batch-size 16
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# Pair objective removed.
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bash 2-training/step1_train/scripts/run_train_no_pairloss.sh \
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--gpu-ids 0 --run-id no_pair_run --epochs 50 --batch-size 16
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# Count objective removed.
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bash 2-training/step1_train/scripts/run_train_no_count.sh \
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--gpu-ids 0 --run-id no_count_run --epochs 50 --batch-size 16
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# Boundary BCE plus count objective, without pair loss.
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bash 2-training/step1_train/scripts/run_train_boundary_count.sh \
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--gpu-ids 0 --run-id boundary_count_run --epochs 50 --batch-size 16
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```
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ContextTAD is a deep-learning TAD caller that learns boundary evidence from broader local Hi-C windows that capture TAD-scale structural context. Instead of treating boundary prediction as an isolated per-bin classification problem, ContextTAD uses a context-aware representation to produce left- and right-boundary tracks that are explicitly optimized for downstream TAD assembly.
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More details, please check our github repo: https://github.com/ai4nucleome/ContextTAD
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