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  ---
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- library_name: transformers
 
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  tags:
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- - generated_from_trainer
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- model-index:
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- - name: NeoLLM
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- results: []
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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- <!-- This model card has been generated automatically according to the information the Trainer had access to. You
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- should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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-
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  # NeoLLM
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15
- This model is a fine-tuned version of [](https://huggingface.co/) on an unknown dataset.
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- It achieves the following results on the evaluation set:
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- - Loss: 4.6712
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- - Ntp Loss: 3.9678
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- - Ntp Ce Unweighted: 3.2660
20
- - Mile Reweighting Delta: 0.7017
21
- - Mu Loss: 0.0001
22
- - Tweo Loss: 0.0821
23
- - Nitp Loss: 0.4405
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- - Total Model Loss: 4.4092
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- - Optimizer Step: 0.0
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- - Optimizer Metrics Due: 0.0
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- - Pace Step: 0.0
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- - Pace Update Due: 0.0
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- - Pace Previous Iterate Active: 1.0
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-
31
- ## Model description
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-
33
- More information needed
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-
35
- ## Intended uses & limitations
36
-
37
- More information needed
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-
39
- ## Training and evaluation data
40
-
41
- More information needed
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-
43
- ## Training procedure
44
-
45
- ### Training hyperparameters
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-
47
- The following hyperparameters were used during training:
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- - learning_rate: 0.0006
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- - train_batch_size: 64
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- - eval_batch_size: 64
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- - seed: 42
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- - optimizer: Use OptimizerNames.ADAMW_TORCH_FUSED with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 and optimizer_args=No additional optimizer arguments
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- - lr_scheduler_type: linear
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- - lr_scheduler_warmup_steps: 0.1
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- - num_epochs: 1
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-
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- ### Training results
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-
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- | Training Loss | Epoch | Step | Validation Loss | Loss | Ce Unweighted | Reweighting Delta | Model Loss | Metrics Due | Update Due | Previous Iterate Active |
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- |:-------------:|:------:|:----:|:---------------:|:------:|:-------------:|:-----------------:|:----------:|:-----------:|:----------:|:-----------------------:|
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- | 5.8977 | 0.1067 | 0.0 | 5.4493 | 0.5321 | 4.0975 | 0.5737 | 5.2051 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.8288 | 0.2133 | 0.0 | 5.3638 | 0.5405 | 3.9639 | 0.6030 | 5.1088 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.6821 | 0.32 | 0.0 | 5.2041 | 0.5243 | 3.7963 | 0.6308 | 4.9526 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 6.1476 | 0.4267 | 0.0 | 5.5262 | 0.5045 | 4.1742 | 0.5890 | 5.2749 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.5509 | 0.5333 | 0.0 | 5.0509 | 0.4822 | 3.6525 | 0.6574 | 4.7940 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.4103 | 0.64 | 0.0 | 4.9112 | 0.4609 | 3.5167 | 0.6830 | 4.6618 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.5596 | 0.7467 | 0.0 | 5.1198 | 0.4963 | 3.7058 | 0.6638 | 4.8683 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.3637 | 0.8533 | 0.0 | 4.8639 | 0.4635 | 3.4521 | 0.6922 | 4.6094 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.2455 | 0.96 | 0.0 | 4.7216 | 0.4445 | 3.3248 | 0.6991 | 4.4694 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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- | 5.2012 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 4.6712 | 0.4405 | 3.2660 | 0.7017 | 4.4092 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 |
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-
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-
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- ### Framework versions
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-
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- - Transformers 5.14.1
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- - Pytorch 2.13.0+cu130
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- - Datasets 5.0.1
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- - Tokenizers 0.22.2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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  ---
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+ language: en
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+ license: apache-2.0
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  tags:
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+ - causal-lm
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+ - research
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+ - fp8
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+ - attention
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+ - normalization
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+ - neollm
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+ - pace
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+ datasets:
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+ - HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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  ---
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  # NeoLLM
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+ NeoLLM is a **135 M parameter** decoder-only language model trained from scratch on
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+ [FineWeb-Edu](https://huggingface.co/datasets/HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu) in **FP8**
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+ precision, completing training in approximately **6 hours** on a single NVIDIA RTX 5090.
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+ It integrates a collection of recently published attention and normalization techniques
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+ into a single architecture, with the goal of studying how they interact during
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+ pretraining. The model is actively being developed and the current checkpoint represents
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+ an intermediate training state.
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+
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+ > **Author / contact:** [@Kyokopom](https://x.com/Kyokopom) on X
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+ > **Repository:** [KitsuVp/NeoLLM](https://huggingface.co/KitsuVp/NeoLLM)
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+
29
+ ---
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+
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+ ## Architecture
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+
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+ NeoLLM is a decoder-only transformer with the following configuration:
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+
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+ | Parameter | Value |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | Hidden size | 512 |
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+ | Layers | 12 |
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+ | Attention heads | 8 |
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+ | KV heads (GQA) | 4 |
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+ | Head dim | 64 |
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+ | Intermediate size | 1536 |
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+ | Vocabulary | Qwen3 tokenizer (64,402 tokens) |
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+ | Context length | 512 tokens |
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+
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+ ### Parameter breakdown
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+
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+ | Parameter bucket | Count |
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+ |---|---|
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+ | **Total parameters** | 84.57M (84,569,432) |
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+ | **Embedding parameters** (tied) | 32.97M (32,973,824) |
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+ | **Non-embedding parameters** | 51.60M (51,595,608) |
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+ | **Effective trainable parameters** | 84.57M (84,569,432) |
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+
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+ > Weight tying is **enabled**: the input embedding matrix and the language-model head
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+ > share the same parameters, so the effective trainable budget is
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+ > `total − embed = 51.60M`.
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+
59
+ ### Integrated techniques
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+
61
+ NeoLLM combines architecture modules, optional auxiliary objectives, and
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+ training-time optimizer/stability components from the following papers.
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+
64
+ **Embedding and token representation**
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+
66
+ - **Learnable Multipliers** ([arXiv:2601.04890](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04890)) Adds
67
+ per-row and per-column learnable scalar parameters to selected matrix layers and, when
68
+ enabled, embeddings.
69
+ - **Leviathan** ([arXiv:2601.22040](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22040)) Optional
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+ continuous token embedding generator that can replace the discrete input lookup table.
71
+ - **KHRONOS** ([arXiv:2505.13315](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13315)) Kernel/basis
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+ reference used by the Leviathan continuous token generator implementation.
73
+ - **Spelling Bee Embeddings** ([arXiv:2601.18030](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18030))
74
+ Augments token embeddings with character-level spelling information.
75
+ - **Token Embedding Manifold analysis** ([arXiv:2504.01002](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01002)) —
76
+ Reference motivation for treating token embeddings as structured objects rather than
77
+ unconstrained lookup rows.
78
+
79
+ **Attention, positions, and output projection**
80
+
81
+ - **FAN** ([arXiv:2502.21309](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21309)) — Fourier Analysis Networks.
82
+ A portion of the projection channels are dedicated to periodic cosine/sine features.
83
+ - **MEA** ([arXiv:2601.19611](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19611)) — Explicit Multi-head
84
+ Attention. Adds small learnable interaction matrices between attention heads for K and V.
85
+ - **LUCID** ([arXiv:2602.10410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10410)) — Applies a learned
86
+ lower-triangular preconditioner to V before attention, decorrelating value representations
87
+ across positions.
88
+ - **Affine-Scaled Attention** ([arXiv:2602.23057](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23057)) — Adds
89
+ two learnable per-head scalars (α and β) to the softmax weights:
90
+ `[α·softmax(QKᵀ) + β]·V`.
91
+ - **XSA** ([arXiv:2603.09078](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09078)) — Exclusive Self Attention.
92
+ After computing attention, removes the component of the output aligned with the token's
93
+ own value vector.
94
+ - **Directional Routing** ([arXiv:2603.14923](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14923)) — Each head
95
+ learns K=4 directions in the output space; a learned router suppresses the attention output
96
+ along each direction per input.
97
+ - **Gated Attention** ([arXiv:2505.06708](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06708)) — A sigmoid gate
98
+ is applied to the attention output before the output projection, introducing non-linearity
99
+ and preventing attention sinks.
100
+ - **Momentum Attention** ([arXiv:2411.03884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03884)) — Modifies Q
101
+ and K by subtracting a fraction of the previous position's Q and K values (causal
102
+ first-difference).
103
+ - **Interleaved Head Attention / IHA** ([arXiv:2602.21371](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21371)) —
104
+ Builds pseudo-heads from learned cross-head mixtures to create multiple attention patterns
105
+ per original head.
106
+ - **REPO** ([arXiv:2512.14391](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14391)) — Context re-positioning
107
+ module that learns contextual position coordinates above a configurable start layer.
108
+ - **GRAPE** ([arXiv:2512.07805](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07805)) — Group representational
109
+ position encoding used by the REPO-GRAPE positional path.
110
+ - **GOAT priors** ([arXiv:2601.15380](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15380)) — Optional
111
+ factorized attention log-prior channels inspired by trainable attention priors.
112
+ - **Hadamard output projection** ([arXiv:2603.08343](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08343)) —
113
+ Replaces dense attention output projection with a structured Hadamard transform plus
114
+ lightweight scaling.
115
+
116
+ **Normalization, residual flow, and MLP**
117
+
118
+ - **SeeDNorm** ([arXiv:2510.22777](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22777)) — Applied to Q and K
119
+ projections. Dynamically rescales normalization from the input's own statistics.
120
+ - **LayerNorm Scaling / LNS** ([arXiv:2502.05795](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05795)) — Each
121
+ layer's output is scaled by 1/√ℓ where ℓ is the layer index.
122
+ - **GPAS** ([arXiv:2506.22049](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22049)) — Gradient-Preserving
123
+ Activation Scaling for residual junctions.
124
+ - **PolyNorm** ([arXiv:2602.04902](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04902)) — Replaces the standard
125
+ MLP activation with normalized linear, quadratic, and cubic branches.
126
+ - **SimpleGPT** ([arXiv:2602.01212](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01212)) — Second-order
127
+ geometry-inspired normalization strategy applied inside MLP projections.
128
+ - **StackMemory / STACKTRANS** ([NeurIPS 2025](https://openreview.net/forum?id=2bbDg587uh)) —
129
+ Optional differentiable hidden-state stack between decoder layers.
130
+ - **Attention Residuals / AttnRes** ([arXiv:2603.15031](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15031)) —
131
+ Optional learned depth-wise aggregation over previous layer outputs or block summaries.
132
+ - **LAUREL** ([arXiv:2411.07501](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07501)) — Optional learned
133
+ augmented residual layer with residual-weight and low-rank variants.
134
+
135
+ **Training objectives and training-time regularizers**
136
+
137
+ - **Cut Cross Entropy** ([Apple repository](https://github.com/apple/ml-cross-entropy)) —
138
+ Memory-efficient next-token loss that avoids materializing the full token-by-vocabulary
139
+ logits tensor. NeoLLM remains compatible with the upstream package when the extensions
140
+ below are disabled.
141
+ - **MiLe Loss** ([arXiv:2310.19531](https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.19531)) — Optional detached,
142
+ mean-normalized predictive-entropy weighting of token losses, implemented inside the
143
+ extended CCE path.
144
+ - **Output Embedding Centering / mu-loss**
145
+ ([arXiv:2601.02031](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.02031)) — Optional
146
+ `lambda * ||mean(output_embeddings)||^2` regularizer for output-logit stability.
147
+ - **MEAP** ([arXiv:2502.07490](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.07490)) — Optional training-only
148
+ input corruption that masks a fixed fraction of eligible tokens while preserving clean
149
+ next-token labels, causal attention, and the inference path.
150
+ - **TWEO** ([arXiv:2511.23225](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23225)) — Optional
151
+ Transformers Without Extreme Outliers activation regularizer for FP8/low-bit-friendly
152
+ training.
153
+ - **NITP** ([arXiv:2605.24956](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24956)) — Optional Next Implicit
154
+ Token Prediction auxiliary objective using shallow-layer implicit token targets and a
155
+ cosine loss.
156
+ - **NextLat** ([arXiv:2511.05963](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05963)) — Optional next-latent
157
+ prediction objective using latent dynamics, Smooth L1 supervision, and frozen-head KL.
158
+
159
+ ### Optional extended-CCE configuration
160
+
161
+ | Feature | Enabled | Value |
162
+ |---|---:|---:|
163
+ | MiLe Loss | True | gamma=1.0 |
164
+ | mu-loss | True | lambda=0.0001 |
165
+ | MEAP | True | ratio=0.15 |
166
+
167
+ MiLe, mu-loss, and MEAP require the extended
168
+ [`Kitsunp/ml-cross-entropy`](https://github.com/Kitsunp/ml-cross-entropy) package only when
169
+ their corresponding flags are enabled. With all flags disabled, NeoLLM calls upstream CCE
170
+ without extension-specific arguments. When any extension is active, CCE reports three compact
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+ scalars: unweighted NTP cross entropy, the MiLe reweighting delta, and the mu-loss penalty.
172
+ Their sum reconstructs `ntp_loss` exactly. MEAP reports its eligible and selected counts from
173
+ the masking kernel; the trainer logs the selected count and exact fraction. No diagnostic path
174
+ materializes full-vocabulary logits or a token mask outside the kernels.
175
+
176
+ **Optimizer and training stability**
177
+
178
+ - **Conda** ([arXiv:2509.24218](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24218)) —
179
+ Column-Normalized Adam optimizer path used by the training script.
180
+ - **Cautious Weight Decay** ([arXiv:2510.12402](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12402)) —
181
+ Sign-selective weight decay variant used by the custom optimizer logic.
182
+ - **Correction of Decoupled Weight Decay** ([arXiv:2512.08217](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08217)) —
183
+ Adapts decoupled weight decay during learning-rate decay.
184
+ - **AdamHD** ([arXiv:2511.14721](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14721)) —
185
+ Decoupled Huber decay regularization reference used by the optimizer.
186
+ - **GradientStabilizer** ([arXiv:2502.17055](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17055)) —
187
+ Optional threshold-free gradient magnitude stabilizer.
188
+ - **PACE** ([arXiv:2606.25086](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25086)) —
189
+ Optional iterate-average controller that trains for the EMA model returned at evaluation
190
+ and final serialization. The Conda-basis adaptation and its difference from AdamW are
191
+ documented below.
192
+
193
+ ---
194
+
195
+ ### PACE integration and AdamW-reference differences
196
+
197
+ PACE follows Au and Block's returned-model objective: the live weights are pulled toward a
198
+ power-law EMA with a clipped per-coordinate gain, and evaluation/final serialization use that
199
+ EMA estimator.
200
+
201
+ - **Reference AdamW rule:** the gain uses AdamW's original-coordinate diagonal
202
+ second moment, `eta * c * (1+t)^(-kappa) / (sqrt(v_hat) + eps)`.
203
+ - **NeoLLM Conda rule (`mode=conda`):** for projected 2-D tensors, both the EMA
204
+ displacement and `v_hat` are represented in Conda's cached SVD basis. The control is
205
+ projected back after applying the diagonal gain. This is a deliberate change from AdamW
206
+ required to avoid mixing incompatible coordinate systems.
207
+ - **Optional exact AdamW pullback geometry (`mode=adamw`):** an additional
208
+ original-coordinate second moment is maintained for projected matrices. The live optimizer
209
+ step remains Conda.
210
+ - **Conda scale:** in `mode=conda`, Conda's matrix-update scale multiplies the unsaturated
211
+ gain automatically because it is part of the effective Conda preconditioner. AdamW has no
212
+ corresponding scale.
213
+ - **Fixed algorithm internals:** the EMA is stored in FP32, the gain is clipped at `1`, and PACE
214
+ reuses each Conda group’s numerical epsilon. These are not exposed as independent switches.
215
+ - **Minimal modes:** `use_pace=False` is plain Conda; `use_pace=True, c=0` is Conda+EMA;
216
+ `use_pace=True, c>0` is complete PACE.
217
+ - **Ordering:** PACE runs only after Conda, CWD/CHD, and weight-decay correction have fully
218
+ updated the live weights.
219
+ - **Disabled guarantee:** with `use_pace=False`, no PACE state is allocated and no existing
220
+ Conda arithmetic or parameter update is changed.
221
+ - **Checkpoint policy:** resumable internal checkpoints retain live weights and complete optimizer
222
+ state, while evaluation and the final returned/Hub model always use the EMA when PACE is active.
223
+
224
+ Current run: **disabled; no EMA state, auxiliary moment, or pullback is allocated**.
225
+
226
+ ---
227
+
228
+ ## Training
229
+
230
+ | Setting | Value |
231
+ |---|---|
232
+ | Dataset | FineWeb-Edu (sample-10BT) |
233
+ | Tokens seen | ~1.54B (46,875 steps × batch 64 × length 512) |
234
+ | Precision | FP8 native (E4M3 weights/activations, E5M2 gradients) + BF16 fallback |
235
+ | Optimizer | Conda (PACE disabled) |
236
+ | PACE | disabled; no EMA state, auxiliary moment, or pullback is allocated |
237
+ | Learning rate | 6e-04 with linear warmup (10 % of steps) |
238
+ | Weight decay | 0.1 |
239
+ | Training time | ~4h 14m |
240
+ | Hardware | NVIDIA RTX 5090 (single GPU) |
241
+
242
+ ### Training curve
243
+
244
+ | Step | Train Loss | Val Loss |
245
+ |---|---|---|
246
+ | 5,000 | 5.898 | 5.449 |
247
+ | 10,000 | 5.829 | 5.364 |
248
+ | 15,000 | 5.682 | 5.204 |
249
+ | 20,000 | 6.148 | 5.526 |
250
+ | 25,000 | 5.551 | 5.051 |
251
+ | 30,000 | 5.410 | 4.911 |
252
+ | 35,000 | 5.560 | 5.120 |
253
+ | 40,000 | 5.364 | 4.864 |
254
+ | 45,000 | 5.246 | 4.722 |
255
+ | 46,875 | — | 4.671 |
256
+
257
+ ---
258
+
259
+ ## Limitations
260
+
261
+ - **Token budget** — ~1.5 B tokens seen; below estimated optimum. Knowledge-intensive tasks
262
+ will improve with more training.
263
+ - **Gradient spike at step 40k** — Reorganized the attention pattern in layer 9 that
264
+ previously captured long-range token correlations. A checkpoint from ~step 38k is expected
265
+ to have better aggregate benchmark scores.
266
+ - **PolyNorm exclusivity** — The quadratic branch has become partially redundant with the
267
+ linear branch. Will be corrected in the next training run.
268
+ - **Base model only** — Not instruction-tuned or aligned; purely a next-token-prediction
269
+ base model.
270
+
271
+ ---
272
+
273
+ ## References
274
+
275
+ All papers whose techniques are integrated into NeoLLM's architecture,
276
+ training objective, or training stack:
277
+
278
+ | Area | Technique | Paper title | Reference |
279
+ |---|---|---|---|
280
+ | Embeddings | Learnable Multipliers | Freeing the Scale of Language Model Matrix Layers | [arXiv:2601.04890](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.04890) |
281
+ | Embeddings | Leviathan | A Separable Architecture for Continuous Token Representation in Language Models | [arXiv:2601.22040](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.22040) |
282
+ | Embeddings | KHRONOS | KHRONOS: a Kernel-Based Neural Architecture for Rapid, Resource-Efficient Scientific Computation | [arXiv:2505.13315](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.13315) |
283
+ | Embeddings | Spelling Bee | Spelling Bee Embeddings for Language Modeling | [arXiv:2601.18030](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.18030) |
284
+ | Embeddings | Token embedding analysis | Token Embeddings Violate the Manifold Hypothesis | [arXiv:2504.01002](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01002) |
285
+ | Attention / positions | FAN | Fourier Analysis Networks | [arXiv:2502.21309](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21309) |
286
+ | Attention / positions | MEA | Explicit Multi-head Attention for Inter-head Interaction in Large Language Models | [arXiv:2601.19611](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.19611) |
287
+ | Attention / positions | LUCID | Attention with Preconditioned Representations | [arXiv:2602.10410](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10410) |
288
+ | Attention / positions | Affine-Scaled Attention | Affine-Scaled Attention: Towards Flexible and Stable Transformer Attention | [arXiv:2602.23057](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23057) |
289
+ | Attention / positions | XSA | Exclusive Self Attention | [arXiv:2603.09078](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.09078) |
290
+ | Attention / positions | Directional Routing | Directional Routing in Transformers | [arXiv:2603.14923](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.14923) |
291
+ | Attention / positions | Gated Attention | Gated Attention for Large Language Models: Non-linearity, Sparsity, and Attention-Sink-Free | [arXiv:2505.06708](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.06708) |
292
+ | Attention / positions | Momentum Attention | Momentum Attention | [arXiv:2411.03884](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.03884) |
293
+ | Attention / positions | IHA | Interleaved Head Attention | [arXiv:2602.21371](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21371) |
294
+ | Attention / positions | REPO | Language Models with Context Re-Positioning | [arXiv:2512.14391](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.14391) |
295
+ | Attention / positions | GRAPE | Group Representational Position Encoding | [arXiv:2512.07805](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.07805) |
296
+ | Attention / positions | GOAT priors | You Need Better Attention Priors | [arXiv:2601.15380](https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.15380) |
297
+ | Attention / positions | Hadamard o_proj | Rethinking Attention Output Projection: Structured Hadamard Transforms for Efficient Transformers | [arXiv:2603.08343](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.08343) |
298
+ | Residual / normalization | SeeDNorm | Self-Rescaled Dynamic Normalization | [arXiv:2510.22777](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22777) |
299
+ | Residual / normalization | LNS | The Curse of Depth in LLMs | [arXiv:2502.05795](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.05795) |
300
+ | Residual / normalization | GPAS | Gradient-Preserving Activation Scaling | [arXiv:2506.22049](https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22049) |
301
+ | Residual / normalization | PolyNorm | PolyNorm / PolyCom | [arXiv:2602.04902](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.04902) |
302
+ | Residual / normalization | SimpleGPT | SimpleGPT | [arXiv:2602.01212](https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.01212) |
303
+ | Residual / normalization | StackMemory / STACKTRANS | Recursive Transformer: Boosting Reasoning Ability with State Stack | [NeurIPS 2025](https://openreview.net/forum?id=2bbDg587uh) |
304
+ | Residual / normalization | Attention Residuals | Attention Residuals | [arXiv:2603.15031](https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.15031) |
305
+ | Residual / normalization | LAUREL | LAUREL: Learned Augmented Residual Layer | [arXiv:2411.07501](https://arxiv.org/abs/2411.07501) |
306
+ | Objectives | TWEO | Transformers Without Extreme Outliers Enables FP8 Training And Quantization For Dummies | [arXiv:2511.23225](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.23225) |
307
+ | Objectives | NITP | Next Implicit Token Prediction for LLM Pre-training | [arXiv:2605.24956](https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.24956) |
308
+ | Objectives | NextLat | Next-Latent Prediction Transformers Learn Compact World Models | [arXiv:2511.05963](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.05963) |
309
+ | Optimizer / training | Conda | Column-Normalized Adam for Training Large Language Models Faster | [arXiv:2509.24218](https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.24218) |
310
+ | Optimizer / training | CWD | Cautious Weight Decay | [arXiv:2510.12402](https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.12402) |
311
+ | Optimizer / training | WD correction | Correction of Decoupled Weight Decay | [arXiv:2512.08217](https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.08217) |
312
+ | Optimizer / training | AdamHD | AdamHD: Decoupled Huber Decay Regularization for Language Model Pre-Training | [arXiv:2511.14721](https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.14721) |
313
+ | Optimizer / training | GradientStabilizer | GradientStabilizer | [arXiv:2502.17055](https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.17055) |
314
+ | Optimizer / training | PACE | Training for the Model You Return: Improving Optimization for Iterate-Averaged Language Models | [arXiv:2606.25086](https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.25086) |
315
+
316
+ ---
317
+
318
+ ## Citation
319
+
320
+ ```bibtex
321
+ @misc{neollm2026,
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+ title = {NeoLLM: A Research Language Model Integrating Recent Attention and Normalization Techniques},
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+ author = {KitsuVp},
324
+ year = {2026},
325
+ url = {https://huggingface.co/KitsuVp/NeoLLM}
326
+ }
327
+ ```
328
+
329
+ ---
330
+
331
+ ## Author
332
+
333
+ [@Kyokopom](https://x.com/Kyokopom) on X
334
+
335
+ ---
336
+
337
+ ## License
338
+
339
+ Apache 2.0