Ben Racicot commited on
Correct benchmarks, video resolutions, I/O names, training data and usage examples
Browse files
README.md
CHANGED
|
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ model-index:
|
|
| 37 |
name: Set14
|
| 38 |
metrics:
|
| 39 |
- type: psnr
|
| 40 |
-
value: 33.
|
| 41 |
name: PSNR
|
| 42 |
- task:
|
| 43 |
type: image-super-resolution
|
|
@@ -47,23 +47,13 @@ model-index:
|
|
| 47 |
name: BSD100
|
| 48 |
metrics:
|
| 49 |
- type: psnr
|
| 50 |
-
value: 31.
|
| 51 |
-
name: PSNR
|
| 52 |
-
- task:
|
| 53 |
-
type: image-super-resolution
|
| 54 |
-
name: Image Super-Resolution
|
| 55 |
-
dataset:
|
| 56 |
-
type: Urban100
|
| 57 |
-
name: Urban100
|
| 58 |
-
metrics:
|
| 59 |
-
- type: psnr
|
| 60 |
-
value: 31.38
|
| 61 |
name: PSNR
|
| 62 |
---
|
| 63 |
|
| 64 |
# PiperSR-2x: ANE-Native Super Resolution for Apple Silicon
|
| 65 |
|
| 66 |
-
Real-time 2x AI upscaling on Apple's Neural Engine. 44.4 FPS
|
| 67 |
|
| 68 |
Not a converted PyTorch model β an architecture designed from ANE hardware measurements. Every dimension, operation, and data type is dictated by Neural Engine characteristics.
|
| 69 |
|
|
@@ -72,21 +62,26 @@ Not a converted PyTorch model β an architecture designed from ANE hardware mea
|
|
| 72 |
| Model | Params | Set5 | Set14 | BSD100 | Urban100 |
|
| 73 |
|-------|--------|------|-------|--------|----------|
|
| 74 |
| Bicubic | β | 33.66 | 30.24 | 29.56 | 26.88 |
|
| 75 |
-
| FSRCNN |
|
| 76 |
-
|
|
| 77 |
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 78 |
|
| 79 |
-
Beats FSRCNN
|
| 80 |
|
| 81 |
## Performance
|
| 82 |
|
| 83 |
| Configuration | FPS | Hardware | Notes |
|
| 84 |
|--------------|-----|----------|-------|
|
| 85 |
-
| Full-frame 640Γ360 β 1280Γ720 | 44.4 | M2 Max | ANE predict 22.5 ms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 86 |
| 128Γ128 tiles (static weights) | 125.6 | M2 | Baked weights, 2.82Γ vs dynamic |
|
| 87 |
| 128Γ128 tiles (dynamic weights) | 44.5 | M2 | CoreML default |
|
| 88 |
|
| 89 |
-
Real-time 2Γ upscaling
|
| 90 |
|
| 91 |
## Architecture
|
| 92 |
|
|
@@ -100,7 +95,7 @@ Input (128Γ128Γ3 FP16)
|
|
| 100 |
Output (256Γ256Γ3)
|
| 101 |
```
|
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
-
Compiles to
|
| 104 |
|
| 105 |
### Why ANE-native matters
|
| 106 |
|
|
@@ -115,25 +110,29 @@ PiperSR addresses every one of these by designing around ANE constraints.
|
|
| 115 |
|
| 116 |
## Model Variants
|
| 117 |
|
| 118 |
-
| File | Use Case | Input β Output |
|
| 119 |
-
|------|----------|----------------|
|
| 120 |
-
| `PiperSR_2x.mlpackage` | Static images (128px tiles) | 128Γ128 β 256Γ256 |
|
| 121 |
-
| `
|
| 122 |
-
| `
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 123 |
|
| 124 |
## Usage
|
| 125 |
|
| 126 |
-
### With ToolPiper (recommended)
|
| 127 |
|
| 128 |
-
PiperSR is integrated into [ToolPiper](https://modelpiper.com), a local macOS AI toolkit. Install ToolPiper, enable the MediaPiper browser extension, and
|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |
```bash
|
| 131 |
-
# Via MCP tool
|
| 132 |
-
mcp__toolpiper__image_upscale image=/path/to/image.png
|
| 133 |
|
| 134 |
-
# Via REST API
|
| 135 |
curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9998/v1/images/upscale \
|
| 136 |
-
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 137 |
-o upscaled.png
|
| 138 |
```
|
| 139 |
|
|
@@ -146,43 +145,58 @@ let config = MLModelConfiguration()
|
|
| 146 |
config.computeUnits = .cpuAndNeuralEngine // NOT .all β .all is 23.6% slower
|
| 147 |
|
| 148 |
let model = try PiperSR_2x(configuration: config)
|
| 149 |
-
let input =
|
| 150 |
let output = try model.prediction(input: input)
|
| 151 |
-
// output.
|
| 152 |
```
|
| 153 |
|
| 154 |
> **Important:** Use `.cpuAndNeuralEngine`, not `.all`. CoreML's `.all` silently misroutes pure-ANE ops onto the GPU, causing a 23.6% slowdown for this model.
|
| 155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 156 |
### With coremltools (Python)
|
| 157 |
|
| 158 |
```python
|
| 159 |
import coremltools as ct
|
| 160 |
from PIL import Image
|
| 161 |
-
import numpy as np
|
| 162 |
-
|
| 163 |
-
model = ct.models.MLModel("PiperSR_2x.mlpackage")
|
| 164 |
|
| 165 |
-
|
| 166 |
-
|
| 167 |
-
|
|
|
|
| 168 |
|
| 169 |
-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 170 |
```
|
| 171 |
|
| 172 |
## Training
|
| 173 |
|
| 174 |
-
Trained on DIV2K (
|
| 175 |
|
| 176 |
## Technical Details
|
| 177 |
|
| 178 |
- **Compute units:** `.cpuAndNeuralEngine` (ANE primary, CPU for I/O only)
|
| 179 |
- **Precision:** Float16
|
| 180 |
-
- **Input format:** NCHW
|
| 181 |
-
- **Output format:** NCHW
|
| 182 |
-
- **Model size:** 928 KB (
|
| 183 |
- **Parameters:** 453K
|
| 184 |
-
- **ANE ops used:** conv
|
| 185 |
-
- **CPU fallback ops:** None
|
| 186 |
|
| 187 |
## License
|
| 188 |
|
|
@@ -194,16 +208,18 @@ Powered by PiperSR from ModelPiper β https://modelpiper.com
|
|
| 194 |
|
| 195 |
## Links
|
| 196 |
|
|
|
|
| 197 |
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/ModelPiper/PiperSR
|
| 198 |
-
- **
|
| 199 |
|
| 200 |
## Citation
|
| 201 |
|
| 202 |
```bibtex
|
| 203 |
-
@software{
|
| 204 |
-
|
| 205 |
-
|
| 206 |
-
year={2026},
|
| 207 |
-
url={https://
|
|
|
|
| 208 |
}
|
| 209 |
```
|
|
|
|
| 37 |
name: Set14
|
| 38 |
metrics:
|
| 39 |
- type: psnr
|
| 40 |
+
value: 33.16
|
| 41 |
name: PSNR
|
| 42 |
- task:
|
| 43 |
type: image-super-resolution
|
|
|
|
| 47 |
name: BSD100
|
| 48 |
metrics:
|
| 49 |
- type: psnr
|
| 50 |
+
value: 31.99
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 51 |
name: PSNR
|
| 52 |
---
|
| 53 |
|
| 54 |
# PiperSR-2x: ANE-Native Super Resolution for Apple Silicon
|
| 55 |
|
| 56 |
+
Real-time 2x AI upscaling on Apple's Neural Engine. 44.4 FPS for 360p β 720p video on M2 Max, 928 KB model, every op runs natively on ANE with zero CPU/GPU fallback.
|
| 57 |
|
| 58 |
Not a converted PyTorch model β an architecture designed from ANE hardware measurements. Every dimension, operation, and data type is dictated by Neural Engine characteristics.
|
| 59 |
|
|
|
|
| 62 |
| Model | Params | Set5 | Set14 | BSD100 | Urban100 |
|
| 63 |
|-------|--------|------|-------|--------|----------|
|
| 64 |
| Bicubic | β | 33.66 | 30.24 | 29.56 | 26.88 |
|
| 65 |
+
| FSRCNN | 12K | 37.00 | 32.63 | 31.53 | 29.88 |
|
| 66 |
+
| SAFMN | 228K | 38.00 | 33.54 | 32.16 | 31.84 |
|
| 67 |
+
| SPAN-S | 411K | 38.06 | 33.73 | 32.21 | 32.20 |
|
| 68 |
+
| **PiperSR** | **453K** | **37.54** | **33.16** | **31.99** | **β** |
|
| 69 |
+
|
| 70 |
+
2x, Y-channel PSNR (dB). PiperSR scores are for the shipped CoreML model and reproduce with `benchmark.py` on GitHub. Other scores are from each model's paper; the [full table with sources](https://github.com/ModelPiper/PiperSR#how-it-compares) is on GitHub. PiperSR has no Urban100 score because Urban100's test images were accidentally included in its training data.
|
| 71 |
|
| 72 |
+
Beats FSRCNN on every benchmark reported. Within 0.46 dB of SAFMN and 0.52 dB of SPAN-S on Set5, the cost of designing for the ANE instead of the GPU.
|
| 73 |
|
| 74 |
## Performance
|
| 75 |
|
| 76 |
| Configuration | FPS | Hardware | Notes |
|
| 77 |
|--------------|-----|----------|-------|
|
| 78 |
+
| Full-frame 640Γ360 β 1280Γ720 | 44.4 | M2 Max | `PiperSR_2x_video_720p`, ANE predict 22.5 ms |
|
| 79 |
+
| Full-frame 854Γ480 β 1708Γ960 | 30.0 | M2 Max | `PiperSR_2x_video_720p`, ANE predict 32.7 ms |
|
| 80 |
+
| Full-frame 1280Γ720 β 2560Γ1440 | 14.0 | M2 Max | `PiperSR_2x_video_720p`, ANE predict 71.6 ms |
|
| 81 |
| 128Γ128 tiles (static weights) | 125.6 | M2 | Baked weights, 2.82Γ vs dynamic |
|
| 82 |
| 128Γ128 tiles (dynamic weights) | 44.5 | M2 | CoreML default |
|
| 83 |
|
| 84 |
+
Real-time 2Γ upscaling of 360p video (44.4 FPS on M2 Max). The ANE sits idle during video playback β PiperSR puts it to work.
|
| 85 |
|
| 86 |
## Architecture
|
| 87 |
|
|
|
|
| 95 |
Output (256Γ256Γ3)
|
| 96 |
```
|
| 97 |
|
| 98 |
+
Compiles to five network ops: `conv`, `silu`, `add`, `pixel_shuffle` and `clip` (BatchNorm is fused into the convolutions at export). CoreML's compute plan places every one of them on the ANE.
|
| 99 |
|
| 100 |
### Why ANE-native matters
|
| 101 |
|
|
|
|
| 110 |
|
| 111 |
## Model Variants
|
| 112 |
|
| 113 |
+
| File | Use Case | Input β Output | I/O type |
|
| 114 |
+
|------|----------|----------------|----------|
|
| 115 |
+
| `PiperSR_2x.mlpackage` | Static images (128px tiles) | 128Γ128 β 256Γ256 | Image (`input_image` β `output_image`) |
|
| 116 |
+
| `PiperSR_2x_256.mlpackage` | Static images (256px tiles) | 256Γ256 β 512Γ512 | Image (`input_image` β `output_image`) |
|
| 117 |
+
| `PiperSR_2x_video_720p.mlpackage` | Video frames (full-frame) | 640Γ360, 854Γ480 or 1280Γ720 (and portrait) β 2Γ | Float array, NCHW, [0, 1] (`input` β `clip_0`) |
|
| 118 |
+
|
| 119 |
+
The tile models take any image size by splitting it into tiles. The `pipersr` Python package does this for you.
|
| 120 |
|
| 121 |
## Usage
|
| 122 |
|
| 123 |
+
### With ToolPiper Studio (recommended)
|
| 124 |
|
| 125 |
+
PiperSR is integrated into [ToolPiper Studio](https://modelpiper.com), a local macOS AI toolkit. Install ToolPiper, enable the MediaPiper browser extension, and 360p web video is upscaled to 720p in real time.
|
| 126 |
|
| 127 |
```bash
|
| 128 |
+
# Via MCP tool (pass model, or ToolPiper uses its default 4x upscaler)
|
| 129 |
+
mcp__toolpiper__image_upscale image=/path/to/image.png model=pipersr-2x
|
| 130 |
|
| 131 |
+
# Via REST API (needs a ToolPiper developer token)
|
| 132 |
curl -X POST http://127.0.0.1:9998/v1/images/upscale \
|
| 133 |
+
-H "Authorization: Bearer $TOOLPIPER_TOKEN" \
|
| 134 |
+
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
|
| 135 |
+
-d "{\"image\":\"$(base64 -i input.png)\",\"model\":\"pipersr-2x\"}" \
|
| 136 |
-o upscaled.png
|
| 137 |
```
|
| 138 |
|
|
|
|
| 145 |
config.computeUnits = .cpuAndNeuralEngine // NOT .all β .all is 23.6% slower
|
| 146 |
|
| 147 |
let model = try PiperSR_2x(configuration: config)
|
| 148 |
+
let input = PiperSR_2xInput(input_image: pixelBuffer) // 128Γ128 CVPixelBuffer
|
| 149 |
let output = try model.prediction(input: input)
|
| 150 |
+
// output.output_image is the 256Γ256 upscaled tile
|
| 151 |
```
|
| 152 |
|
| 153 |
> **Important:** Use `.cpuAndNeuralEngine`, not `.all`. CoreML's `.all` silently misroutes pure-ANE ops onto the GPU, causing a 23.6% slowdown for this model.
|
| 154 |
|
| 155 |
+
### With Python (pip)
|
| 156 |
+
|
| 157 |
+
```bash
|
| 158 |
+
pip install pipersr
|
| 159 |
+
pipersr -i photo.png -o photo_2x.png
|
| 160 |
+
```
|
| 161 |
+
|
| 162 |
+
```python
|
| 163 |
+
from pipersr import upscale
|
| 164 |
+
|
| 165 |
+
upscale("photo.png").save("photo_2x.png")
|
| 166 |
+
```
|
| 167 |
+
|
| 168 |
+
The package bundles `PiperSR_2x.mlpackage` and handles tiling, so images of any size work.
|
| 169 |
+
|
| 170 |
### With coremltools (Python)
|
| 171 |
|
| 172 |
```python
|
| 173 |
import coremltools as ct
|
| 174 |
from PIL import Image
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 175 |
|
| 176 |
+
model = ct.models.MLModel(
|
| 177 |
+
"PiperSR_2x.mlpackage",
|
| 178 |
+
compute_units=ct.ComputeUnit.CPU_AND_NE,
|
| 179 |
+
)
|
| 180 |
|
| 181 |
+
tile = Image.open("input.png").convert("RGB").crop((0, 0, 128, 128))
|
| 182 |
+
result = model.predict({"input_image": tile})["output_image"] # 256Γ256 PIL image
|
| 183 |
+
result.save("tile_2x.png")
|
| 184 |
```
|
| 185 |
|
| 186 |
## Training
|
| 187 |
|
| 188 |
+
Trained on LSDIR + DIV2K (85,791 images) with L1 + wavelet (SWT) loss, random flips and rotations, and progressive patch sizes (64 β 128 px). Urban100's 100 test images were also included in the training data by mistake, so no Urban100 score is reported. Total training cost: ~$6 on RunPod A6000 instances. Full training journey documented from 33.46 dB to 37.54 dB across 12 experiment findings.
|
| 189 |
|
| 190 |
## Technical Details
|
| 191 |
|
| 192 |
- **Compute units:** `.cpuAndNeuralEngine` (ANE primary, CPU for I/O only)
|
| 193 |
- **Precision:** Float16
|
| 194 |
+
- **Input format:** RGB image for the tile models; NCHW float array in [0, 1] for the video model
|
| 195 |
+
- **Output format:** RGB image for the tile models; NCHW float array in [0, 1] for the video model
|
| 196 |
+
- **Model size:** 928 KB (`PiperSR_2x.mlpackage`)
|
| 197 |
- **Parameters:** 453K
|
| 198 |
+
- **ANE ops used:** conv (BatchNorm fused), silu, add, pixel_shuffle, clip
|
| 199 |
+
- **CPU fallback ops:** None in the network. The tile models scale the input image on CPU
|
| 200 |
|
| 201 |
## License
|
| 202 |
|
|
|
|
| 208 |
|
| 209 |
## Links
|
| 210 |
|
| 211 |
+
- **ToolPiper Studio:** https://modelpiper.com
|
| 212 |
- **GitHub:** https://github.com/ModelPiper/PiperSR
|
| 213 |
+
- **PyPI:** https://pypi.org/project/pipersr/
|
| 214 |
|
| 215 |
## Citation
|
| 216 |
|
| 217 |
```bibtex
|
| 218 |
+
@software{pipersr2026,
|
| 219 |
+
author = {Racicot, Ben},
|
| 220 |
+
title = {PiperSR: Real-Time Super-Resolution for Apple Neural Engine},
|
| 221 |
+
year = {2026},
|
| 222 |
+
url = {https://github.com/ModelPiper/PiperSR},
|
| 223 |
+
note = {453K parameters, 928 KB CoreML. Available at https://modelpiper.com}
|
| 224 |
}
|
| 225 |
```
|