Text Classification
Transformers
Safetensors
English
Chinese
qwen3_5
image-text-to-text
decision-model
system-one
decision-index
lora-merged
Instructions to use PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1 with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.
- Libraries
- Transformers
How to use PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1 with Transformers:
# Use a pipeline as a high-level helper from transformers import pipeline pipe = pipeline("text-classification", model="PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1")# pip install -U transformers accelerate # Load model directly from transformers import AutoProcessor, AutoModelForMultimodalLM processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1") model = AutoModelForMultimodalLM.from_pretrained("PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1", device_map="auto") - Notebooks
- Google Colab
- Kaggle
Model card: README.md (English) and README.zh.md (Chinese)
Browse files- README.md +180 -0
- README.zh.md +151 -0
README.md
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| 1 |
+
---
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| 2 |
+
license: apache-2.0
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| 3 |
+
base_model:
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| 4 |
+
- Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B
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| 5 |
+
base_model_relation: finetune
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| 6 |
+
library_name: transformers
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| 7 |
+
pipeline_tag: text-classification
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| 8 |
+
language:
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| 9 |
+
- en
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| 10 |
+
- zh
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| 11 |
+
tags:
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| 12 |
+
- decision-model
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| 13 |
+
- system-one
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| 14 |
+
- decision-index
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| 15 |
+
- lora-merged
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| 16 |
+
---
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| 17 |
+
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| 18 |
+
# KnowLine-4B-Gen1
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| 19 |
+
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| 20 |
+
**A 4B System One decision model from PelaAI, trained on a single all-in-one machine by an agent-driven data loop.**
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| 21 |
+
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| 22 |
+
[Inference guide](INFERENCE.md) · [中文说明](README.zh.md) · weights Apache-2.0
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| 23 |
+
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| 24 |
+
Highlights:
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| 25 |
+
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| 26 |
+
- **Decision Index 0.3, public suite: 60.47** (self-run). For comparison: Jev 1.13 scores 57.96 (board), and the best
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| 27 |
+
≤5B model on the board has a public score of 50.82; see [Comparison](#comparison).
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| 28 |
+
- **An AI agent ran the whole loop.** In each round it:
|
| 29 |
+
- found the areas where the model was weak;
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| 30 |
+
- proposed a targeted data group;
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| 31 |
+
- built and decontaminated the data;
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| 32 |
+
- trained and evaluated on it;
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| 33 |
+
- kept or rejected the change based on the evidence.
|
| 34 |
+
- **KOF '98 harness: 17 wins, 0 losses, 1 draw against Jev 1.13** in a single-bout mirror round robin. For the play
|
| 35 |
+
style, see [Game harness](#game-harness-kof-98).
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| 36 |
+
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| 37 |
+
KnowLine is an independent model. It is not affiliated with, endorsed by, or derived from TypeSafe or Jev.
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| 38 |
+
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| 39 |
+
## What it does
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| 40 |
+
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| 41 |
+
You send a state (text or a chat) and up to 64 typed questions: yes/no, choose one of k, or score on a rubric. The model
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| 42 |
+
answers every question with a probability distribution over its options:
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| 43 |
+
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| 44 |
+
- one forward pass per question, with no generated text;
|
| 45 |
+
- the output is the probability of each option's label token;
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| 46 |
+
- existing Jev clients only need a new base URL.
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| 47 |
+
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| 48 |
+
| | |
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| 49 |
+
|---|---|
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| 50 |
+
| Base model | [Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B) (Apache-2.0) |
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| 51 |
+
| Training | LoRA SFT (rank 32, alpha 64) on the language model, one epoch over about 713k rows. This release is step 5,650 of 5,655, the lowest validation loss. |
|
| 52 |
+
| Release format | LoRA merged into the base; bf16 weights. The vision tower and MTP head are unchanged. |
|
| 53 |
+
| Languages | English, Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese |
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| 54 |
+
|
| 55 |
+
## Quickstart
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| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
```bash
|
| 58 |
+
pip install "sglang==0.5.21" "transformers==5.12.1" requests
|
| 59 |
+
bash serve_knowline.sh PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1 0 8080 # SGLang (FP8 at load) on :9080 + /v1/systemone on :8080
|
| 60 |
+
curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/systemone -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{
|
| 61 |
+
"model": "m",
|
| 62 |
+
"state": "Customer: my order arrived broken, I want my money back.",
|
| 63 |
+
"questions": {"refund": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Should the agent offer a refund?"},
|
| 64 |
+
"tone": {"type": "choice", "instructions": "Customer tone?",
|
| 65 |
+
"criteria": {"angry": "Angry", "neutral": "Neutral", "happy": "Happy"}}}}'
|
| 66 |
+
```
|
| 67 |
+
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| 68 |
+
- **Without SGLang:** `python knowline_server.py --model PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1 --backend hf --port 8080` uses
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| 69 |
+
transformers only. It is slower and runs bf16.
|
| 70 |
+
- **Front end:** `knowline_server.py` is a single file and needs only transformers and requests.
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| 71 |
+
- **Full settings:** the exact settings of our Decision Index runs are in [INFERENCE.md](INFERENCE.md).
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| 72 |
+
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| 73 |
+
## Comparison
|
| 74 |
+
|
| 75 |
+
Decision Index 0.3, public suite. The full 0.3 score adds private tests that only the maintainers run (0.5 same-skill,
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| 76 |
+
0.3 new-domain); ours is not available yet.
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| 77 |
+
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| 78 |
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| model | size | DI 0.3 public | DI 0.3 full | source |
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| 79 |
+
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 80 |
+
| **KnowLine-4B-Gen1** | 4B | **60.47** | not yet scored | self-run, official kit |
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| 81 |
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| Clef | 27B | 61.71 | 53.08 | board |
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| 82 |
+
| Jev 1.13 | (API) | 57.96 | 60.11 | board |
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| 83 |
+
| RSI-Jev v6.1-VL | 4B | 50.98 | not listed | self-reported |
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| 84 |
+
| ezjev 4B s2 | 4B | 50.82 | 46.95 | board |
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| 85 |
+
| jiwo 4B | 4B | 45.76 | 42.86 | board |
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| 86 |
+
| Nox 4B | 4B | 44.21 | 44.95 | board |
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| 87 |
+
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| 88 |
+
Our public-suite scores by area:
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| 89 |
+
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| 90 |
+
| area | KnowLine-4B-Gen1 (0.3 public) | Jev 1.13 (0.2.1) |
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| 91 |
+
|---|---|---|
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| 92 |
+
| Knowledge & reasoning | 37.7 | 51.4 |
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| 93 |
+
| Language | 60.8 | 62.0 |
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| 94 |
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| Retrieval & routing | 70.9 | 55.4 |
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| 95 |
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| Tools & agents | 86.8 | 75.1 |
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| 96 |
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| Arts & taste | 49.5 | 37.7 |
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| 97 |
+
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| 98 |
+
## Releases
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| 99 |
+
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| 100 |
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The model is trained in a self-evolving loop, and new versions will follow.
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| 101 |
+
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| 102 |
+
| model | date | DI 0.3 public | DI 0.2.1 | golden held-out (en / zh-Hans / zh-Hant) | notes |
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| 103 |
+
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 104 |
+
| KnowLine-4B-Gen1 (this model) | 2026-10-07 | 60.47 | 60.92 | 68.7 / 69.9 / 64.1 | first release (internal run "mix E", step 5,650) |
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| 105 |
+
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| 106 |
+
## Evaluation
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| 107 |
+
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| 108 |
+
All results are self-run and not verified by a third party.
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| 109 |
+
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| 110 |
+
### Held-out and Chinese evaluations
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| 111 |
+
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| 112 |
+
| suite | accuracy |
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| 113 |
+
|---|---|
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| 114 |
+
| In-house evaluation set, English | 68.7 |
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| 115 |
+
| In-house evaluation set, Simplified Chinese | 69.9 |
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| 116 |
+
| In-house evaluation set, Traditional Chinese | 64.1 |
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| 117 |
+
| C-Eval (4 categories, macro) | 77.9 |
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| 118 |
+
| Open-Jev 1.1 test / OOD | 87.4 / 86.6 |
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| 119 |
+
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| 120 |
+
### Web operation (Mind2Web official test splits, evaluation only)
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| 121 |
+
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| 122 |
+
| split | element selection | operation (balanced) |
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| 123 |
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|---|---|---|
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| 124 |
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| test_task (websites seen in training, new tasks) | 93.1 | 96.6 |
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| 125 |
+
| test_website (new websites) | 90.7 | 96.5 |
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| 126 |
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| test_domain (new domains) | 91.5 | 98.5 |
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| 127 |
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| 128 |
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- So far this is only used to explore the model in RPA-style automation and to check that it generalises to some degree.
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| 129 |
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- The task is to pick the target element among it and up to 5 other candidates sampled from the page. This is easier
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| 130 |
+
than the original Mind2Web protocol, so do not compare it with the Mind2Web leaderboard.
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| 131 |
+
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| 132 |
+
### Game harness (KOF '98)
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| 133 |
+
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| 134 |
+
- **Setup:** single-bout character-mirror round robin, 11 players, 18 games per pair (990 games), argmax actions.
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| 135 |
+
- **Result:** win rate 0.883 [0.83, 0.92], Elo 1910, tied for first of 11 with another internal checkpoint.
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| 136 |
+
- **Head-to-head:** 17-0-1 against Jev 1.13, 15-3 against StartLux-Decision-4B, 18-0 against Clef-Flash.
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| 137 |
+
- **Caveat:** the policy relies heavily on one move, a 623C anti-air uppercut used about 55% of the time. This is a
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| 138 |
+
measured result in this harness, not general fighting-game skill.
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| 139 |
+
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| 140 |
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## Disclosures
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| 141 |
+
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| 142 |
+
- **Decision Index training data:** about 25% of the data is in Decision Index format, that is, synthetic items written
|
| 143 |
+
in the benchmarks' request formats. No Decision Index test item is included.
|
| 144 |
+
- **Decontamination:**
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| 145 |
+
- Every component text (state, instructions, option texts) was checked against every Decision Index row and all of
|
| 146 |
+
our evaluation sets.
|
| 147 |
+
- Rows that are identical, or share any run of 50 consecutive characters, were removed.
|
| 148 |
+
- **Game data:** labels come from simulator rollouts or engines. Seeds and start states are disjoint from the evaluation
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| 149 |
+
states.
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| 150 |
+
- **No model outputs as labels:** no output of Jev or any other decision model was used as a training label.
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| 151 |
+
- **Teacher-labelled synthetic data:** LLM teachers wrote and labelled our synthetic tasks. The labels were filtered, but
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| 152 |
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not all were checked by a human.
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| 153 |
+
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| 154 |
+
## Limitations
|
| 155 |
+
|
| 156 |
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- **Knowledge-heavy reasoning:** weaker than larger models. The knowledge area is 37.7 (0.3); MMLU-Pro, GPQA and HLE are
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| 157 |
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close to the base model.
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| 158 |
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- **Math:** answered without reasoning. The rebuilt 0.3 GSM8K scores 29.5.
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| 159 |
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- **Prompt injection:** an instruction planted in the state changes the answer about 9% of the time on our injection
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| 160 |
+
set. Keep untrusted text clearly delimited.
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| 161 |
+
- **Calibration:** ECE is about 0.05-0.06 on choice and yes/no questions and about 0.12 on score questions. For score
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| 162 |
+
questions, fit a temperature on your own data.
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| 163 |
+
- **Private tests:** part of our public-suite advantage comes from adapting to the question formats, so the 0.3 private
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| 164 |
+
tests may score lower.
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| 165 |
+
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| 166 |
+
## Citation
|
| 167 |
+
|
| 168 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 169 |
+
@misc{knowline4bgen1,
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| 170 |
+
title = {KnowLine-4B-Gen1: a 4B decision model},
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| 171 |
+
author = {PelaAI},
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| 172 |
+
year = {2026},
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| 173 |
+
url = {https://huggingface.co/PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1}
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| 174 |
+
}
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| 175 |
+
```
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| 176 |
+
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| 177 |
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## License
|
| 178 |
+
|
| 179 |
+
- **Weights:** Apache-2.0, the same as the base model.
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| 180 |
+
- **Code:** `knowline_server.py` is MIT (see the file header).
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README.zh.md
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| 1 |
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# KnowLine-4B-Gen1
|
| 2 |
+
|
| 3 |
+
**PelaAI 推出的 4B System One 决策模型,在单台一体机上,由 Agent 驱动的数据迭代循环训练出来。**
|
| 4 |
+
|
| 5 |
+
[推理说明](INFERENCE.md) · [English](README.md) · 权重 Apache-2.0
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| 6 |
+
|
| 7 |
+
亮点:
|
| 8 |
+
|
| 9 |
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- **Decision Index 0.3 公开套件:60.47**(自测)。作为对照:Jev 1.13 为 57.96(榜单);榜单上 ≤5B 模型的最高公开分为 50.82,见[横向对比](#横向对比)。
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| 10 |
+
- 整个迭代循环由 AI Agent 端到端执行,包括分析模型在哪些领域效果不佳、提出针对性的数据组、构建数据并去污染,并针对其进行训练和评测,最终根据证据决定保留还是否决这次改动
|
| 11 |
+
- **拳皇 '98 评测:对 Jev 1.13 为 17 胜 0 负 1 平**(单回合同角色镜像循环赛),打法特点见[游戏评测](#游戏评测拳皇-98)。
|
| 12 |
+
|
| 13 |
+
KnowLine 是独立开发的模型,与 TypeSafe 或 Jev 没有隶属关系,未获其背书,也不是基于它们开发的。
|
| 14 |
+
|
| 15 |
+
## 它做什么
|
| 16 |
+
|
| 17 |
+
你发送一段状态(文本或对话)和最多 64 道带类型的问题:是/否、k 选一、按细则打分。模型对每道题给出各选项的概率分布:
|
| 18 |
+
|
| 19 |
+
- 每道题只做一次前向计算,不生成文本;
|
| 20 |
+
- 生成的是各选项标签 token 的概率;
|
| 21 |
+
- 现有 Jev 客户端只需修改 base URL 即可接入。
|
| 22 |
+
|
| 23 |
+
| | |
|
| 24 |
+
| ---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
| 25 |
+
| 底座模型 | [Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-4B)(Apache-2.0) |
|
| 26 |
+
| 训练方式 | 在语言模型部分做 LoRA 监督微调(rank 32,alpha 64),在约 71.3 万行数据上训练 1 轮。本次发布的是第 5,650 步(共 5,655 步),验证 loss 最低。 |
|
| 27 |
+
| 发布格式 | LoRA 已合并进底座,bf16 权重;视觉部分和 MTP 头不变 |
|
| 28 |
+
| 语言 | 英文、简体中文、繁体中文 |
|
| 29 |
+
|
| 30 |
+
|
| 31 |
+
## 快速开始
|
| 32 |
+
|
| 33 |
+
```bash
|
| 34 |
+
pip install "sglang==0.5.21" "transformers==5.12.1" requests
|
| 35 |
+
bash serve_knowline.sh PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1 0 8080 # SGLang(加载时转 FP8)监听 :9080,/v1/systemone 监听 :8080
|
| 36 |
+
curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8080/v1/systemone -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d '{
|
| 37 |
+
"model": "m",
|
| 38 |
+
"state": "Customer: my order arrived broken, I want my money back.",
|
| 39 |
+
"questions": {"refund": {"type": "noul", "instructions": "Should the agent offer a refund?"},
|
| 40 |
+
"tone": {"type": "choice", "instructions": "Customer tone?",
|
| 41 |
+
"criteria": {"angry": "Angry", "neutral": "Neutral", "happy": "Happy"}}}}'
|
| 42 |
+
```
|
| 43 |
+
|
| 44 |
+
- **不用 SGLang**:`python knowline_server.py --model PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1 --backend hf --port 8080` 只依赖 transformers,速度较慢,精度为 bf16。
|
| 45 |
+
- **前端**:`knowline_server.py` 是单个文件,只依赖 transformers 和 requests。
|
| 46 |
+
- **完整设置**:我们跑 Decision Index 时的完整设置见 [INFERENCE.md](INFERENCE.md)。
|
| 47 |
+
|
| 48 |
+
## 横向对比
|
| 49 |
+
|
| 50 |
+
下表为 Decision Index 0.3 公开套件的分数。0.3 的总分还要加上只由维护者运行的私有测试(同技能 0.5、新领域 0.3),我们的总分暂时还没有。
|
| 51 |
+
|
| 52 |
+
| 模型 | 规模 | DI 0.3 公开分 | DI 0.3 总分 | 来源 |
|
| 53 |
+
| -------------------- | ----- | ---------- | --------- | -------- |
|
| 54 |
+
| **KnowLine-4B-Gen1** | 4B | **60.47** | 尚未评测 | 自测,官方工具包 |
|
| 55 |
+
| Clef | 27B | 61.71 | 53.08 | 榜单 |
|
| 56 |
+
| Jev 1.13 | (API) | 57.96 | 60.11 | 榜单 |
|
| 57 |
+
| RSI-Jev v6.1-VL | 4B | 50.98 | 未上榜 | 自报 |
|
| 58 |
+
| ezjev 4B s2 | 4B | 50.82 | 46.95 | 榜单 |
|
| 59 |
+
| jiwo 4B | 4B | 45.76 | 42.86 | 榜单 |
|
| 60 |
+
| Nox 4B | 4B | 44.21 | 44.95 | 榜单 |
|
| 61 |
+
|
| 62 |
+
我们的模型在各子领域的公开套件评分如下:
|
| 63 |
+
|
| 64 |
+
| 领域 | KnowLine-4B-Gen1(0.3 公开) | Jev 1.13(0.2.1) |
|
| 65 |
+
| --------- | ------------------------ | --------------- |
|
| 66 |
+
| 知识与推理 | 37.7 | 51.4 |
|
| 67 |
+
| 语言 | 60.8 | 62.0 |
|
| 68 |
+
| 检索与路由 | 70.9 | 55.4 |
|
| 69 |
+
| 工具与 Agent | 86.8 | 75.1 |
|
| 70 |
+
| 艺术与品味 | 49.5 | 37.7 |
|
| 71 |
+
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
## 版本
|
| 74 |
+
|
| 75 |
+
本模型使用自进化的模式进行训练,将持续产生新版本
|
| 76 |
+
|
| 77 |
+
|
| 78 |
+
| 模型 | 日期 | DI 0.3 公开 | DI 0.2.1 | 黄金集留出(英 / 简 / 繁) | 说明 |
|
| 79 |
+
| --------------------- | ---------- | --------- | -------- | ------------------ | ---------------------------- |
|
| 80 |
+
| KnowLine-4B-Gen1(本模型) | 2026-10-07 | 60.47 | 60.92 | 68.7 / 69.9 / 64.1 | 首次发布(内部运行 "mix E",第 5,650 步) |
|
| 81 |
+
|
| 82 |
+
|
| 83 |
+
## 评测
|
| 84 |
+
|
| 85 |
+
以下结果均为自测,未经第三方复核。
|
| 86 |
+
|
| 87 |
+
### 留出评测与中文评测
|
| 88 |
+
|
| 89 |
+
|
| 90 |
+
| 测试集 | 准确率 |
|
| 91 |
+
| --------------------- | ----------- |
|
| 92 |
+
| 自建评测数据集(英文部分) | 68.7 |
|
| 93 |
+
| 自建评测数据集(简体中文部分) | 69.9 |
|
| 94 |
+
| 自建评测数据集(繁体中文部分) | 64.1 |
|
| 95 |
+
| C-Eval(4 大类宏平均) | 77.9 |
|
| 96 |
+
| Open-Jev 1.1 测试 / OOD | 87.4 / 86.6 |
|
| 97 |
+
|
| 98 |
+
|
| 99 |
+
### 网页操作(Mind2Web 官方测试集,仅用于评测)
|
| 100 |
+
|
| 101 |
+
|
| 102 |
+
| 划分 | 选元素 | 选操作(三类平均) |
|
| 103 |
+
| ------------------------ | ---- | --------- |
|
| 104 |
+
| test\_task(训练中见过的网站、新任务) | 93.1 | 96.6 |
|
| 105 |
+
| test\_website(新网站) | 90.7 | 96.5 |
|
| 106 |
+
| test\_domain(新领域) | 91.5 | 98.5 |
|
| 107 |
+
|
| 108 |
+
|
| 109 |
+
- 目前仅用于探索该模型在 RPA 自动化等领域的情况,并验证存在一定的泛化性
|
| 110 |
+
- 任务是从目标元素和页面上随机抽取的最多 5 个其他候选里选出目标,比 Mind2Web 原始评测简单,因此请勿与其排行榜比较
|
| 111 |
+
|
| 112 |
+
### 游戏评测(拳皇 '98)
|
| 113 |
+
|
| 114 |
+
- **赛制**:单回合同角色镜像循环赛,11 方参赛,每组 18 局(共 990 局),每步选概率最高的动作。
|
| 115 |
+
- **结果**:胜率 0.883 [0.83, 0.92],Elo 1910,与另一个内部检查点并列第一。
|
| 116 |
+
- **对战成绩**:对 Jev 1.13 为 17 胜 0 负 1 平,对 StartLux-Decision-4B 为 15 胜 3 负,对 Clef-Flash 为 18 胜 0 负。
|
| 117 |
+
- **说明**:策略高度依赖一招,即 623C 对空升龙,使用率约 55%。这是在该评测环境中的实测结果,不代表具备全面的格斗游戏能力。
|
| 118 |
+
|
| 119 |
+
## 披露
|
| 120 |
+
|
| 121 |
+
- **Decision Index 训练集**:约 25% 的数据是 Decision Index 的格式,即按基准请求格式编写的合成题。不含任何测试题。
|
| 122 |
+
- **去污染**:
|
| 123 |
+
- 每个文本片段(状态、题干、选项文本)都与所有 Decision Index 题目以及我们全部评测集做了比对。
|
| 124 |
+
- 完全相同或存在任意连续 50 个字符相同的行都已删除。
|
| 125 |
+
- **游戏数据**:标签来自模拟器推演或引擎,随机种子和起始局面都与评测局面不重叠。
|
| 126 |
+
- **不用模型输出作标签**:从未把 Jev 或其他任何决策模型的输出用作训练标签。
|
| 127 |
+
- **教师模型标注的合成数据**:合成任务由大语言模型教师编写和标注。标签经过筛选,但并非全部经过人工核对。
|
| 128 |
+
|
| 129 |
+
## 局限
|
| 130 |
+
|
| 131 |
+
- **知识密集型推理**:弱于更大的模型。知识领域 37.7(0.3),MMLU-Pro、GPQA、HLE 接近底座水平。
|
| 132 |
+
- **数学**:没有推理过程,0.3 重建版 GSM8K 为 29.5。
|
| 133 |
+
- **提示注入**:在我们的注入测试集上,状态里植入的指令约有 9% 的概率改变答案。请把不可信文本清楚地隔开。
|
| 134 |
+
- **校准**:选择题和是/否题的 ECE 约为 0.05-0.06,打分题约为 0.12。打分题建议用自己的数据拟合温度。
|
| 135 |
+
- **私有测试**:我们在公开套件上的优势有一部分来自对题目格式的适应,0.3 私有测试的分数可能更低。
|
| 136 |
+
|
| 137 |
+
## 引用
|
| 138 |
+
|
| 139 |
+
```bibtex
|
| 140 |
+
@misc{knowline4bgen1,
|
| 141 |
+
title = {KnowLine-4B-Gen1: a 4B decision model},
|
| 142 |
+
author = {PelaAI},
|
| 143 |
+
year = {2026},
|
| 144 |
+
url = {https://huggingface.co/PelaAI/KnowLine-4B-Gen1}
|
| 145 |
+
}
|
| 146 |
+
```
|
| 147 |
+
|
| 148 |
+
## 许可证
|
| 149 |
+
|
| 150 |
+
- **权重**:Apache-2.0,与底座模型相同。
|
| 151 |
+
- **代码**:`knowline_server.py` 为 MIT 许可(见文件开头)。
|