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lxml/LXML_USER_GUIDE.txt
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| 1 |
+
# lxml User Guide — PythonSTB Android App
|
| 2 |
+
Generated by RIMI
|
| 3 |
+
|
| 4 |
+
## What is lxml?
|
| 5 |
+
|
| 6 |
+
lxml is the most feature-rich and performance-optimized library for processing XML
|
| 7 |
+
and HTML in Python. It wraps the C libraries libxml2 and libxslt, providing a
|
| 8 |
+
Pythonic API while maintaining near-native speed.
|
| 9 |
+
|
| 10 |
+
---
|
| 11 |
+
|
| 12 |
+
## Why We Need It
|
| 13 |
+
|
| 14 |
+
PythonSTB uses lxml for:
|
| 15 |
+
|
| 16 |
+
1. **M3U playlist parsing** — Parse HLS/DASH playlists (XML-based)
|
| 17 |
+
2. **EPG (Electronic Program Guide)** — Parse XMLTV format EPG data
|
| 18 |
+
3. **HTML scraping** — Extract data from web pages (stream URLs, titles)
|
| 19 |
+
4. **SOAP/XML-RPC communication** — Some IPTV APIs use XML responses
|
| 20 |
+
5. **XSLT transforms** — Convert between XML formats
|
| 21 |
+
|
| 22 |
+
---
|
| 23 |
+
|
| 24 |
+
## Installed Packages
|
| 25 |
+
|
| 26 |
+
| Package | Version | Description |
|
| 27 |
+
|---------|---------|-------------|
|
| 28 |
+
| lxml | 6.1.1 | Core XML/HTML processing |
|
| 29 |
+
| lxml_html_clean | 0.4.5 | HTML sanitizer (bundled) |
|
| 30 |
+
|
| 31 |
+
---
|
| 32 |
+
|
| 33 |
+
## Basic Usage
|
| 34 |
+
|
| 35 |
+
### Parsing XML
|
| 36 |
+
|
| 37 |
+
```python
|
| 38 |
+
from lxml import etree
|
| 39 |
+
|
| 40 |
+
# Parse from string
|
| 41 |
+
xml_string = '''<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
| 42 |
+
<channel>
|
| 43 |
+
<name>Channel 1</name>
|
| 44 |
+
<url>http://example.com/stream.m3u8</url>
|
| 45 |
+
<logo>http://example.com/logo.png</logo>
|
| 46 |
+
</channel>'''
|
| 47 |
+
|
| 48 |
+
root = etree.fromstring(xml_string.encode())
|
| 49 |
+
print(root.find('name').text) # Channel 1
|
| 50 |
+
print(root.find('url').text) # http://example.com/stream.m3u8
|
| 51 |
+
|
| 52 |
+
# Parse from file
|
| 53 |
+
tree = etree.parse('playlist.xml')
|
| 54 |
+
root = tree.getroot()
|
| 55 |
+
```
|
| 56 |
+
|
| 57 |
+
### Parsing HTML
|
| 58 |
+
|
| 59 |
+
```python
|
| 60 |
+
from lxml import html
|
| 61 |
+
|
| 62 |
+
# Parse HTML string
|
| 63 |
+
page = html.fromstring('''
|
| 64 |
+
<html>
|
| 65 |
+
<body>
|
| 66 |
+
<div class="stream">
|
| 67 |
+
<h2>Channel Name</h2>
|
| 68 |
+
<a href="http://example.com/stream.m3u8">Watch</a>
|
| 69 |
+
</div>
|
| 70 |
+
</body>
|
| 71 |
+
</html>''')
|
| 72 |
+
|
| 73 |
+
# XPath to find elements
|
| 74 |
+
channels = page.xpath('//div[@class="stream"]')
|
| 75 |
+
for ch in channels:
|
| 76 |
+
name = ch.xpath('.//h2/text()')[0]
|
| 77 |
+
url = ch.xpath('.//a/@href')[0]
|
| 78 |
+
print(f"{name}: {url}")
|
| 79 |
+
```
|
| 80 |
+
|
| 81 |
+
### M3U Playlist Parsing
|
| 82 |
+
|
| 83 |
+
```python
|
| 84 |
+
from lxml import etree
|
| 85 |
+
|
| 86 |
+
def parse_m3u(content):
|
| 87 |
+
"""Parse M3U/M3U8 playlist into list of channels."""
|
| 88 |
+
channels = []
|
| 89 |
+
lines = content.strip().split('\n')
|
| 90 |
+
|
| 91 |
+
i = 0
|
| 92 |
+
while i < len(lines):
|
| 93 |
+
line = lines[i].strip()
|
| 94 |
+
|
| 95 |
+
if line.startswith('#EXTINF:'):
|
| 96 |
+
# Parse info line
|
| 97 |
+
info = line[8:] # Remove #EXTINF:
|
| 98 |
+
attrs = {}
|
| 99 |
+
|
| 100 |
+
# Extract duration
|
| 101 |
+
if ',' in info:
|
| 102 |
+
duration, name = info.rsplit(',', 1)
|
| 103 |
+
attrs['duration'] = duration
|
| 104 |
+
attrs['name'] = name.strip()
|
| 105 |
+
|
| 106 |
+
# Next line should be the URL
|
| 107 |
+
if i + 1 < len(lines):
|
| 108 |
+
url = lines[i + 1].strip()
|
| 109 |
+
if not url.startswith('#'):
|
| 110 |
+
attrs['url'] = url
|
| 111 |
+
channels.append(attrs)
|
| 112 |
+
i += 2
|
| 113 |
+
continue
|
| 114 |
+
|
| 115 |
+
i += 1
|
| 116 |
+
|
| 117 |
+
return channels
|
| 118 |
+
|
| 119 |
+
# Usage
|
| 120 |
+
with open('playlist.m3u', 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
|
| 121 |
+
content = f.read()
|
| 122 |
+
|
| 123 |
+
channels = parse_m3u(content)
|
| 124 |
+
for ch in channels:
|
| 125 |
+
print(f"{ch.get('name', 'Unknown')}: {ch.get('url', 'N/A')}")
|
| 126 |
+
```
|
| 127 |
+
|
| 128 |
+
### EPG (XMLTV) Parsing
|
| 129 |
+
|
| 130 |
+
```python
|
| 131 |
+
from lxml import etree
|
| 132 |
+
from datetime import datetime
|
| 133 |
+
|
| 134 |
+
def parse_epg(xml_content):
|
| 135 |
+
"""Parse XMLTV format EPG data."""
|
| 136 |
+
root = etree.fromstring(xml_content.encode())
|
| 137 |
+
|
| 138 |
+
channels = {}
|
| 139 |
+
for channel in root.findall('.//channel'):
|
| 140 |
+
ch_id = channel.get('id')
|
| 141 |
+
display_name = channel.find('display-name').text
|
| 142 |
+
icon = channel.find('icon')
|
| 143 |
+
icon_url = icon.get('src') if icon is not None else None
|
| 144 |
+
|
| 145 |
+
channels[ch_id] = {
|
| 146 |
+
'name': display_name,
|
| 147 |
+
'icon': icon_url
|
| 148 |
+
}
|
| 149 |
+
|
| 150 |
+
programmes = []
|
| 151 |
+
for prog in root.findall('.//programme'):
|
| 152 |
+
programmes.append({
|
| 153 |
+
'channel': prog.get('channel'),
|
| 154 |
+
'start': prog.get('start'),
|
| 155 |
+
'stop': prog.get('stop'),
|
| 156 |
+
'title': prog.find('title').text if prog.find('title') is not None else '',
|
| 157 |
+
'desc': prog.find('desc').text if prog.find('desc') is not None else ''
|
| 158 |
+
})
|
| 159 |
+
|
| 160 |
+
return channels, programmes
|
| 161 |
+
```
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
### XPath Examples
|
| 164 |
+
|
| 165 |
+
```python
|
| 166 |
+
from lxml import etree
|
| 167 |
+
|
| 168 |
+
tree = etree.parse('data.xml')
|
| 169 |
+
root = tree.getroot()
|
| 170 |
+
|
| 171 |
+
# Find all elements with attribute
|
| 172 |
+
elements = root.xpath('//item[@type="channel"]')
|
| 173 |
+
|
| 174 |
+
# Find with text content
|
| 175 |
+
items = root.xpath('//item[name="Channel 1"]')
|
| 176 |
+
|
| 177 |
+
# Find with contains
|
| 178 |
+
links = root.xpath('//a[contains(@href, "m3u8")]')
|
| 179 |
+
|
| 180 |
+
# Find with multiple conditions
|
| 181 |
+
results = root.xpath('//channel[@lang="en" and @country="US"]')
|
| 182 |
+
|
| 183 |
+
# Find parent element
|
| 184 |
+
child = root.find('.//child')
|
| 185 |
+
parent = child.getparent()
|
| 186 |
+
|
| 187 |
+
# Find siblings
|
| 188 |
+
next_sibling = child.getnext()
|
| 189 |
+
prev_sibling = child.getprevious()
|
| 190 |
+
```
|
| 191 |
+
|
| 192 |
+
---
|
| 193 |
+
|
| 194 |
+
## Features Used in App
|
| 195 |
+
|
| 196 |
+
| Feature | Module | Usage |
|
| 197 |
+
|---------|--------|-------|
|
| 198 |
+
| XML parsing | etree | EPG, API responses |
|
| 199 |
+
| HTML parsing | html | Web scraping |
|
| 200 |
+
| XPath | etree | Data extraction |
|
| 201 |
+
| ElementTree API | etree | Tree manipulation |
|
| 202 |
+
| HTML cleaning | lxml_html_clean | Sanitize scraped HTML |
|
| 203 |
+
| XSLT | etree | Format conversion |
|
| 204 |
+
| C14N | etree | Canonical XML output |
|
| 205 |
+
|
| 206 |
+
---
|
| 207 |
+
|
| 208 |
+
## Troubleshooting
|
| 209 |
+
|
| 210 |
+
### Import Error
|
| 211 |
+
|
| 212 |
+
```python
|
| 213 |
+
# If lxml fails to import:
|
| 214 |
+
try:
|
| 215 |
+
from lxml import etree
|
| 216 |
+
print("lxml is installed correctly")
|
| 217 |
+
except ImportError as e:
|
| 218 |
+
print(f"lxml import error: {e}")
|
| 219 |
+
# Check if .so files exist and have correct permissions
|
| 220 |
+
```
|
| 221 |
+
|
| 222 |
+
### Encoding Issues
|
| 223 |
+
|
| 224 |
+
```python
|
| 225 |
+
# Always specify encoding when parsing
|
| 226 |
+
tree = etree.parse('file.xml') # Auto-detect
|
| 227 |
+
tree = etree.parse(open('file.xml', 'rb')) # Binary mode
|
| 228 |
+
|
| 229 |
+
# Force encoding
|
| 230 |
+
content = open('file.xml', 'r', encoding='latin-1').read()
|
| 231 |
+
root = etree.fromstring(content.encode('utf-8'))
|
| 232 |
+
```
|
| 233 |
+
|
| 234 |
+
### Memory Errors
|
| 235 |
+
|
| 236 |
+
```python
|
| 237 |
+
# Use iterparse for large files
|
| 238 |
+
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET # fallback for huge files
|
| 239 |
+
# Or use lxml's iterparse
|
| 240 |
+
context = etree.iterparse('large.xml', events=('end',), tag='item')
|
| 241 |
+
for event, elem in context:
|
| 242 |
+
process(elem)
|
| 243 |
+
elem.clear() # Free memory
|
| 244 |
+
```
|
| 245 |
+
|
| 246 |
+
---
|
| 247 |
+
|
| 248 |
+
## Related Packages
|
| 249 |
+
|
| 250 |
+
| Package | Purpose |
|
| 251 |
+
|---------|---------|
|
| 252 |
+
| lxml_html_clean | HTML sanitization |
|
| 253 |
+
| cssselect | CSS selector support |
|
| 254 |
+
| cssutils | CSS parsing |
|
| 255 |
+
| beautifulsoup4 | Alternative HTML parser |
|
| 256 |
+
|
| 257 |
+
---
|
| 258 |
+
|
| 259 |
+
## Android-Specific Notes
|
| 260 |
+
|
| 261 |
+
- lxml is compiled with `-Wl,-z,norelro` for Android compatibility
|
| 262 |
+
- Uses 16KB page alignment for Android 15+ support
|
| 263 |
+
- Links statically against libxml2 and libxslt (no external .so files)
|
| 264 |
+
- All `.so` files include `librimi.so` dependency
|
| 265 |
+
|
| 266 |
+
Generated by RIMI
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
---
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
## App Integration
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
```python
|
| 273 |
+
# Example: Full M3U parser with EPG support
|
| 274 |
+
from lxml import etree
|
| 275 |
+
from lxml.html import fromstring
|
| 276 |
+
|
| 277 |
+
class IPTVParser:
|
| 278 |
+
def __init__(self):
|
| 279 |
+
self.channels = []
|
| 280 |
+
|
| 281 |
+
def parse_m3u(self, url):
|
| 282 |
+
"""Fetch and parse M3U playlist."""
|
| 283 |
+
import urllib.request
|
| 284 |
+
with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as response:
|
| 285 |
+
content = response.read().decode('utf-8')
|
| 286 |
+
return self._parse_m3u_content(content)
|
| 287 |
+
|
| 288 |
+
def _parse_m3u_content(self, content):
|
| 289 |
+
"""Parse M3U content string."""
|
| 290 |
+
channels = []
|
| 291 |
+
lines = content.strip().split('\n')
|
| 292 |
+
|
| 293 |
+
for i, line in enumerate(lines):
|
| 294 |
+
if line.startswith('#EXTINF:'):
|
| 295 |
+
# Parse attributes
|
| 296 |
+
attrs = {}
|
| 297 |
+
if ',' in line:
|
| 298 |
+
attrs['name'] = line.split(',')[-1].strip()
|
| 299 |
+
|
| 300 |
+
# Get URL (next non-comment line)
|
| 301 |
+
url = lines[i + 1].strip() if i + 1 < len(lines) else ''
|
| 302 |
+
if url and not url.startswith('#'):
|
| 303 |
+
attrs['url'] = url
|
| 304 |
+
channels.append(attrs)
|
| 305 |
+
|
| 306 |
+
return channels
|
| 307 |
+
|
| 308 |
+
def parse_epg(self, xml_content):
|
| 309 |
+
"""Parse XMLTV EPG data."""
|
| 310 |
+
root = etree.fromstring(xml_content.encode())
|
| 311 |
+
return {
|
| 312 |
+
'channels': self._parse_epg_channels(root),
|
| 313 |
+
'programmes': self._parse_epg_programmes(root)
|
| 314 |
+
}
|
| 315 |
+
|
| 316 |
+
def _parse_epg_channels(self, root):
|
| 317 |
+
channels = {}
|
| 318 |
+
for ch in root.findall('.//channel'):
|
| 319 |
+
channels[ch.get('id')] = ch.find('display-name').text
|
| 320 |
+
return channels
|
| 321 |
+
|
| 322 |
+
def _parse_epg_programmes(self, root):
|
| 323 |
+
programmes = []
|
| 324 |
+
for prog in root.findall('.//programme'):
|
| 325 |
+
programmes.append({
|
| 326 |
+
'channel': prog.get('channel'),
|
| 327 |
+
'title': prog.find('title').text,
|
| 328 |
+
'start': prog.get('start')
|
| 329 |
+
})
|
| 330 |
+
return programmes
|
| 331 |
+
```
|