openclaw / scripts /android-app-i18n.ts
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import { createHash } from "node:crypto";
import { mkdir, readdir, readFile, writeFile } from "node:fs/promises";
import path from "node:path";
import { fileURLToPath } from "node:url";
import { expectDefined } from "../packages/normalization-core/src/expect.js";
import { isDirectRunUrl } from "./lib/direct-run.mjs";
import { NATIVE_I18N_LOCALES } from "./native-i18n-locales.ts";

const HERE = path.dirname(fileURLToPath(import.meta.url));
const ROOT = path.resolve(HERE, "..");
const ANDROID_MAIN_ROOT = path.join(ROOT, "apps", "android", "app", "src", "main");
const RESOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ANDROID_MAIN_ROOT, "res");
const SOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ANDROID_MAIN_ROOT, "java");
const ANDROID_PLAY_SOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ROOT, "apps", "android", "app", "src", "play", "java");
const ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_ROOT = path.join(ROOT, "apps", "android", "app", "src", "thirdParty");
const ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_RESOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_ROOT, "res");
const ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_SOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_ROOT, "java");
const ANDROID_WEAR_MAIN_ROOT = path.join(ROOT, "apps", "android", "wear", "src", "main");
const WEAR_RESOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ANDROID_WEAR_MAIN_ROOT, "res");
const WEAR_SOURCE_ROOT = path.join(ANDROID_WEAR_MAIN_ROOT, "java");
const ANDROID_SOURCE_ROOTS = [
  SOURCE_ROOT,
  ANDROID_PLAY_SOURCE_ROOT,
  ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_SOURCE_ROOT,
  WEAR_SOURCE_ROOT,
] as const;
const INVENTORY_PATH = path.join(ROOT, "apps", ".i18n", "native-source.json");
const ARTIFACT_ROOT = path.join(ROOT, "apps", ".i18n", "native");
const TOOL_DISPLAY_PATH = path.join(
  ROOT,
  "apps",
  "shared",
  "OpenClawKit",
  "Sources",
  "OpenClawKit",
  "Resources",
  "tool-display.json",
);
const GENERATED_KOTLIN_PATH = path.join(
  SOURCE_ROOT,
  "ai",
  "openclaw",
  "app",
  "i18n",
  "NativeStringResources.kt",
);
const MANAGED_PREFIX = "native_";
const ANDROID_QUALIFIERS: Record<string, string> = {
  id: "in",
  "zh-CN": "zh-rCN",
  "zh-TW": "zh-rTW",
  "pt-BR": "pt-rBR",
  "ja-JP": "ja",
};
const localeDirectory = (locale: string) => `values-${ANDROID_QUALIFIERS[locale] ?? locale}`;
const LOCALES = ["values", ...NATIVE_I18N_LOCALES.map(localeDirectory)] as const;
const STRING_RE = /<string\s+name="([A-Za-z0-9_]+)"([^>]*)>([\s\S]*?)<\/string>/gu;
const ARRAY_RE = /<string-array\s+name="([A-Za-z0-9_]+)"[^>]*>([\s\S]*?)<\/string-array>/gu;
const ARRAY_ITEM_RE = /<item>([\s\S]*?)<\/item>/gu;
const ANDROID_REFERENCE_COMMENT_RE =
  /("""[\s\S]*?"""|"(?:\\.|[^"\\])*"|'(?:\\.|[^'\\])*')|<!--[\s\S]*?-->|\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/|\/\/[^\r\n]*/gu;
const XML_COMMENT_RE = /<!--[\s\S]*?-->/gu;
const FORMAT_RE = /%\d+\$[a-z]/giu;
const INVALID_APOSTROPHE_RE = /(?:&apos;|(?<!\\)')/u;
const GENERATED_HEADER = "    <!-- Generated by scripts/android-app-i18n.ts. -->";
const GENERATED_KOTLIN_HEADER = "// Generated by scripts/android-app-i18n.ts. Do not edit.";
const THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_FILE = "accessibility_strings.xml";
const THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_REPO_PATH =
  "apps/android/app/src/thirdParty/res/values/accessibility_strings.xml";
const THIRD_PARTY_GENERATED_RESOURCE_RE =
  /^apps\/android\/app\/src\/thirdParty\/res\/values-[^/]+\/accessibility_strings\.xml$/;
const WEAR_STRINGS_REPO_PATH = "apps/android/wear/src/main/res/values/strings.xml";
const WEAR_GENERATED_RESOURCE_RE =
  /^apps\/android\/wear\/src\/main\/res\/values-[^/]+\/strings\.xml$/;

type NativeInventoryEntry = {
  id: string;
  source: string;
  sites: Array<{ kind: string; path: string }>;
  surface: "android" | "apple";
};

type NativeTranslations = Record<string, string>;

type ResourceString = {
  attrs: string;
  key: string;
  rawValue: string;
  value: string;
};

const GENERATED_TRANSLATION_LINT_IGNORES = [
  "Typos",
  "TypographyDashes",
  "TypographyEllipsis",
] as const;

type TranslationContradiction = {
  locale: string;
  selected: string;
  source: string;
  translations: string[];
};

export type GeneratedCatalog = {
  contradictions: TranslationContradiction[];
  kotlin: string;
  resources: Map<string, string>;
  sources: Set<string>;
};

export type AndroidUiLiteralFinding = {
  line: number;
  path: string;
  source: string;
};

function compareText(left: string, right: string): number {
  return left < right ? -1 : left > right ? 1 : 0;
}

function decodeXml(value: string): string {
  return value
    .replaceAll("&lt;", "<")
    .replaceAll("&gt;", ">")
    .replaceAll("&quot;", '"')
    .replaceAll("&amp;", "&")
    .replaceAll("\\n", "\n")
    .replaceAll("\\'", "'")
    .replaceAll('\\"', '"')
    .replaceAll("\\\\", "\\");
}

export function decodeAndroidResourceValue(rawValue: string): string {
  const trimmed = rawValue.trim();
  const unquoted =
    trimmed.startsWith('"') && trimmed.endsWith('"') ? trimmed.slice(1, -1) : trimmed;
  return decodeXml(unquoted);
}

type KotlinInterpolation = {
  end: number;
  start: number;
  value: string;
};

function readKotlinInterpolations(source: string): KotlinInterpolation[] | null {
  const interpolations: KotlinInterpolation[] = [];
  for (let index = 0; index < source.length; index += 1) {
    if (source[index] !== "$") {
      continue;
    }
    const next = source[index + 1];
    if (next !== "{" && !/[A-Za-z_]/u.test(next ?? "")) {
      continue;
    }
    const start = index;
    if (next !== "{") {
      index += 2;
      while (/[A-Za-z0-9_]/u.test(source[index] ?? "")) {
        index += 1;
      }
      interpolations.push({ start, end: index, value: source.slice(start, index) });
      index -= 1;
      continue;
    }

    let depth = 1;
    let quote: '"' | "'" | null = null;
    let escaped = false;
    for (index += 2; index < source.length; index += 1) {
      const character = source[index];
      if (escaped) {
        escaped = false;
      } else if (quote !== null && character === "\\") {
        escaped = true;
      } else if (character === quote) {
        quote = null;
      } else if (quote === null && (character === '"' || character === "'")) {
        quote = character;
      } else if (quote === null && character === "{") {
        depth += 1;
      } else if (quote === null && character === "}") {
        depth -= 1;
        if (depth === 0) {
          const end = index + 1;
          interpolations.push({ start, end, value: source.slice(start, end) });
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    if (depth !== 0) {
      return null;
    }
  }
  return interpolations;
}

export function renderAndroidResourceValue(source: string, translated: string): string {
  let rendered = translated;
  const sourceInterpolations = readKotlinInterpolations(source);
  const translatedInterpolations = readKotlinInterpolations(translated);
  if (sourceInterpolations === null || translatedInterpolations === null) {
    throw new Error(
      `Android translation has unbalanced interpolation placeholders: ${JSON.stringify(source)} -> ${JSON.stringify(translated)}`,
    );
  }
  const sourceTokens = sourceInterpolations.map((interpolation) => interpolation.value);
  const translatedTokens = translatedInterpolations.map((interpolation) => interpolation.value);
  const tokenCounts = (tokens: readonly string[]) => {
    const counts = new Map<string, number>();
    for (const token of tokens) {
      counts.set(token, (counts.get(token) ?? 0) + 1);
    }
    return [...counts].toSorted(([left], [right]) => compareText(left, right));
  };
  if (JSON.stringify(tokenCounts(sourceTokens)) !== JSON.stringify(tokenCounts(translatedTokens))) {
    throw new Error(
      `Android translation changed interpolation placeholders: ${JSON.stringify(source)} -> ${JSON.stringify(translated)}`,
    );
  }
  if (sourceTokens.length > 0) {
    const sourceIndices = new Map<string, number[]>();
    for (const [index, token] of sourceTokens.entries()) {
      const indices = sourceIndices.get(token) ?? [];
      indices.push(index + 1);
      sourceIndices.set(token, indices);
    }
    const translatedOccurrences = new Map<string, number>();
    let cursor = 0;
    rendered = "";
    for (const interpolation of translatedInterpolations) {
      rendered += translated.slice(cursor, interpolation.start).replaceAll("%", "%%");
      const token = interpolation.value;
      const occurrence = translatedOccurrences.get(token) ?? 0;
      translatedOccurrences.set(token, occurrence + 1);
      const index = sourceIndices.get(token)?.[occurrence];
      rendered += index ? `%${index}$s` : token;
      cursor = interpolation.end;
    }
    rendered += translated.slice(cursor).replaceAll("%", "%%");
  }
  return escapeAndroidResourceValue(rendered);
}

export function escapeAndroidResourceValue(value: string): string {
  return value
    .replaceAll("\\", "\\\\")
    .replaceAll("\n", "\\n")
    .replaceAll("'", "\\'")
    .replaceAll('"', '\\"')
    .replaceAll("&", "&amp;")
    .replaceAll("<", "&lt;")
    .replaceAll(">", "&gt;");
}

function escapeKotlin(value: string): string {
  return value
    .replaceAll("\\", "\\\\")
    .replaceAll('"', '\\"')
    .replaceAll("$", "\\$")
    .replaceAll("\n", "\\n");
}

function resourceKey(source: string): string {
  return `${MANAGED_PREFIX}${createHash("sha256").update(source).digest("hex").slice(0, 16)}`;
}

function parseStrings(source: string): ResourceString[] {
  return [...source.matchAll(STRING_RE)].map((match) => ({
    key: match[1] ?? "",
    attrs: match[2] ?? "",
    rawValue: match[3] ?? "",
    value: decodeXml(match[3] ?? ""),
  }));
}

function withGeneratedTranslationLintIgnores(attrs: string): string {
  const existing = attrs.match(/\btools:ignore\s*=\s*"([^"]*)"/u);
  const ignores = [
    ...(existing?.[1]
      ?.split(",")
      .map((value) => value.trim())
      .filter(Boolean) ?? []),
    ...GENERATED_TRANSLATION_LINT_IGNORES,
  ];
  const rendered = `tools:ignore="${[...new Set(ignores)].join(",")}"`;
  return existing ? attrs.replace(existing[0], rendered) : `${attrs} ${rendered}`;
}

function parseArrays(source: string): Map<string, string[]> {
  return new Map(
    [...source.matchAll(ARRAY_RE)].map((match) => [
      match[1] ?? "",
      [...(match[2] ?? "").matchAll(ARRAY_ITEM_RE)].map((item) =>
        decodeXml((item[1] ?? "").trim()),
      ),
    ]),
  );
}

async function readStrings(
  locale: string,
  resourceRoot = RESOURCE_ROOT,
  fileName = "strings.xml",
): Promise<Map<string, ResourceString>> {
  const source = await readFile(path.join(resourceRoot, locale, fileName), "utf8");
  return new Map(parseStrings(source).map((entry) => [entry.key, entry]));
}

async function readAndroidSource(
  root = SOURCE_ROOT,
): Promise<Array<{ path: string; source: string }>> {
  const entries = await readdir(root, { withFileTypes: true });
  const sources: Array<{ path: string; source: string }> = [];
  for (const entry of entries) {
    const fullPath = path.join(root, entry.name);
    if (entry.isDirectory()) {
      sources.push(...(await readAndroidSource(fullPath)));
      continue;
    }
    if (entry.isFile() && entry.name.endsWith(".kt")) {
      sources.push({
        path: path.relative(ROOT, fullPath).split(path.sep).join("/"),
        source: await readFile(fullPath, "utf8"),
      });
    }
  }
  return sources;
}

async function readAllAndroidSource(): Promise<Array<{ path: string; source: string }>> {
  return (await Promise.all(ANDROID_SOURCE_ROOTS.map((root) => readAndroidSource(root)))).flat();
}

type AndroidResourceReferenceSource = {
  path: string;
  source: string;
};

async function readAndroidResourceReferences(
  root = ANDROID_MAIN_ROOT,
): Promise<AndroidResourceReferenceSource[]> {
  const entries = await readdir(root, { withFileTypes: true });
  const sources: AndroidResourceReferenceSource[] = [];
  for (const entry of entries) {
    const fullPath = path.join(root, entry.name);
    if (entry.isDirectory()) {
      // This walk is confined to app/src/main, so Gradle build output is never eligible.
      sources.push(...(await readAndroidResourceReferences(fullPath)));
      continue;
    }
    if (entry.isFile() && /\.(?:kt|kts|xml)$/u.test(entry.name)) {
      sources.push({
        path: path.relative(ROOT, fullPath).split(path.sep).join("/"),
        source: await readFile(fullPath, "utf8"),
      });
    }
  }
  return sources;
}

export function findUnusedAndroidResourceKeys(
  keys: Iterable<string>,
  referenceSources: readonly AndroidResourceReferenceSource[],
): string[] {
  const references = new Set<string>();
  for (const reference of referenceSources) {
    const isXml = reference.path.endsWith(".xml");
    const source = reference.source.replace(
      isXml ? XML_COMMENT_RE : ANDROID_REFERENCE_COMMENT_RE,
      (match) => match.replace(/[^\r\n]/gu, " "),
    );
    const pattern = isXml ? /@string\/([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\b/gu : /\bR\.string\.([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\b/gu;
    for (const match of source.matchAll(pattern)) {
      if (match[1]) {
        references.add(match[1]);
      }
    }
  }
  return [...keys].filter((key) => !references.has(key));
}

function lineNumber(source: string, offset: number): number {
  return source.slice(0, offset).split("\n").length;
}

function decodeKotlinLiteral(value: string): string {
  return value.replace(
    /\\(?:u([0-9a-fA-F]{4})|[n"$\\])/gu,
    (escape, codeUnit: string | undefined) => {
      if (codeUnit) {
        return String.fromCharCode(Number.parseInt(codeUnit, 16));
      }
      return escape === "\\n" ? "\n" : escape.slice(1);
    },
  );
}

function collectExplicitRuntimeSources(
  sourceFiles: readonly { path: string; source: string }[],
): Set<string> {
  const sources = new Set<string>();
  const callPattern = /\bnativeString(?:Resource)?\(\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu;
  for (const file of sourceFiles) {
    if (file.path.endsWith("/i18n/NativeStringResources.kt")) {
      continue;
    }
    for (const match of file.source.matchAll(callPattern)) {
      if (match[1]) {
        sources.add(decodeKotlinLiteral(match[1]));
      }
    }
  }
  return sources;
}

function collectToolDisplaySources(value: unknown, sources = new Set<string>()): Set<string> {
  if (Array.isArray(value)) {
    for (const item of value) {
      collectToolDisplaySources(item, sources);
    }
    return sources;
  }
  if (value === null || typeof value !== "object") {
    return sources;
  }
  for (const [key, item] of Object.entries(value)) {
    if ((key === "title" || key === "label") && typeof item === "string") {
      sources.add(item);
    } else {
      collectToolDisplaySources(item, sources);
    }
  }
  return sources;
}

async function readToolDisplaySources(): Promise<Set<string>> {
  return collectToolDisplaySources(JSON.parse(await readFile(TOOL_DISPLAY_PATH, "utf8")));
}

const DIRECT_UI_LITERAL_PATTERNS = [
  /\bText\s*\(\s*(?:text\s*=\s*)?"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\b(?:ClawPrimaryButton|ClawSecondaryButton|ClawDangerButton|ClawLinkButton)\s*\([^)]*?\btext\s*=\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gsu,
  /\b(?:title|subtitle|body|text|label|statusText|confirmLabel|dismissLabel|contentDescription|placeholder|onClickLabel)\s*=\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\b(?:title|subtitle|body|text|label|statusText|confirmLabel|dismissLabel|contentDescription|placeholder|onClickLabel)\s*=\s*[^,\n]*\?:\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\b(?:_[A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:ErrorText|StatusText)|errorText|statusText)(?:\.value)?\s*=\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\bSettingsMetric\s*\(\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\bToast\.makeText\s*\([^,]+,\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\bset(?:Title|Message|PositiveButton|NegativeButton|NeutralButton)\s*\(\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu,
  /\bnativeString(?:Resource)?\([^)]*\)\s*\+\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gsu,
] as const;
const DIRECT_UI_RAW_LITERAL_PATTERNS = [
  /\bText\s*\(\s*(?:text\s*=\s*)?"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\b(?:ClawPrimaryButton|ClawSecondaryButton|ClawDangerButton|ClawLinkButton)\s*\([^)]*?\btext\s*=\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gsu,
  /\b(?:title|subtitle|body|text|label|statusText|confirmLabel|dismissLabel|contentDescription|placeholder|onClickLabel)\s*=\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\b(?:title|subtitle|body|text|label|statusText|confirmLabel|dismissLabel|contentDescription|placeholder|onClickLabel)\s*=\s*[^,\n]*\?:\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\b(?:_[A-Za-z0-9_]*(?:ErrorText|StatusText)|errorText|statusText)(?:\.value)?\s*=\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\bSettingsMetric\s*\(\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\bToast\.makeText\s*\([^,]+,\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\bset(?:Title|Message|PositiveButton|NegativeButton|NeutralButton)\s*\(\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu,
  /\bnativeString(?:Resource)?\([^)]*\)\s*\+\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gsu,
] as const;
const UI_STRING_HELPER_NAME_RE =
  /(?:description|detail|error|label|message|nextRun|notice|report|status|subtitle|summary|text|title)$/iu;
const UI_STRING_FUNCTION_RE = /\bfun\s+(?:<[^>{}]*>\s*)?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\s*/gu;
const UI_STRING_PROPERTY_RE =
  /\bval\s+(?:[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*\.)?([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\s*:\s*String\s*(?:\n\s*)?get\(\)\s*=\s*/gu;
const UI_BRANCH_LITERAL_RE = /(?:->|return|\?:)\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu;
const UI_ELSE_BRANCH_LITERAL_RE = /\belse\s*\{?\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/gu;
const UI_BRANCH_RAW_LITERAL_RE = /(?:->|return|\?:)\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu;
const UI_ELSE_BRANCH_RAW_LITERAL_RE = /\belse\s*\{?\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/gu;
const UI_MODEL_STRING_NAME_RE =
  /^(?:contentDescription|errorText|helperText|onClickLabel|statusText)$/u;
const UI_MODEL_CLASS_FIELDS = new Map<string, ReadonlySet<string>>([
  ["CommandItem", new Set(["subtitle", "title"])],
  ["HomeAttentionRow", new Set(["subtitle", "title"])],
  ["OverviewMetricCardSpec", new Set(["subtitle", "title", "value"])],
  ["SettingsToggleRow", new Set(["subtitle", "title"])],
]);
const KOTLIN_STRING_LITERAL_RE = /"""([\s\S]*?)"""|"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+?)"/gu;

// These literals are either technical data or immutable source tokens localized at a typed render edge.
const ALLOWED_UI_LITERALS = new Map<string, ReadonlySet<string>>([
  [
    "*",
    new Set([
      "0 = exact",
      "Cron expression, e.g. 0 9 * * *",
      "D",
      "Google Chat",
      "ID",
      "ISO time, e.g. 2026-07-09T09:30:00Z",
      "LOG",
      "O",
      "OC",
      "OK",
      "OPENCLAW",
      "OpenClaw",
      "U",
      "e.g. America/New_York",
      "current-step-alpha",
      "gateway-progress",
      "iMessage",
      "main, isolated, current, or session:<id>",
      "n/a",
      "openclaw gateway",
      "openclaw qr",
      "PTT_BUSY: previous push-to-talk turn is still finishing",
      "WhatsApp",
    ]),
  ],
  ["apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/chat/ChatController.kt", new Set(["Off"])],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/SkillWorkshopSettingsScreen.kt",
    new Set(["all", "applied", "held", "pending", "rejected"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/GatewayDiagnostics.kt",
    new Set(["$versionName-dev"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatScreen.kt",
    // Plan checklist chrome: numeric done-counter and checkmark glyph.
    new Set(["$completedCount/${steps.size}", "✓"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/SettingsScreens.kt",
    // Discovered-gateway subtitles are host:port endpoints, not translatable copy.
    new Set(["${endpoint.host}:${endpoint.port}"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/SidebarShell.kt",
    // Compose animation labels are tooling identifiers, not rendered copy.
    new Set(["sidebar-content-translation"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatCommandControls.kt",
    new Set(["/$name", "help"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/app/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/app/ui/chat/ChatMessageActions.kt",
    new Set([">", "> $line"]),
  ],
  [
    "apps/android/wear/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/wear/WearScreens.kt",
    // Compose animation labels are tooling identifiers, not rendered copy.
    new Set(["voice-swipe-hint", "voice-swipe-hint-offset"]),
  ],
]);

function isAllowedUiLiteral(repoPath: string, source: string): boolean {
  return (
    source.trim().length === 0 ||
    ALLOWED_UI_LITERALS.get("*")?.has(source) === true ||
    ALLOWED_UI_LITERALS.get(repoPath)?.has(source) === true
  );
}

function shouldScanUiLiterals(repoPath: string): boolean {
  if (repoPath.endsWith("/i18n/NativeStringResources.kt")) {
    return false;
  }
  if (
    repoPath.endsWith("/AndroidScreenshotFixture.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/WearScreenshotMode.kt")
  ) {
    return false;
  }
  if (repoPath.endsWith("/ui/design/ClawComponents.kt")) {
    return false;
  }
  if (repoPath.endsWith("/ui/design/OpenClawMascot.kt")) {
    return false;
  }
  return (
    repoPath.includes("/ui/") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/accessibility/AccessibilityDevActivity.kt") ||
    repoPath.includes("/wear/src/main/java/ai/openclaw/wear/") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/MainActivity.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/NodeRuntime.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/PermissionRequester.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/NodeForegroundService.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/chat/ChatController.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/voice/MicCaptureManager.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/voice/TalkModeManager.kt") ||
    repoPath.endsWith("/node/SystemHandler.kt")
  );
}

function findClosingDelimiter(
  source: string,
  openingOffset: number,
  opening: string,
  closing: string,
): number | null {
  let depth = 0;
  let quoted = false;
  let escaped = false;
  for (let index = openingOffset; index < source.length; index += 1) {
    const character = source[index];
    if (escaped) {
      escaped = false;
      continue;
    }
    if (quoted && character === "\\") {
      escaped = true;
      continue;
    }
    if (character === '"') {
      quoted = !quoted;
      continue;
    }
    if (quoted) {
      continue;
    }
    if (character === opening) {
      depth += 1;
    } else if (character === closing) {
      depth -= 1;
      if (depth === 0) {
        return index;
      }
    }
  }
  return null;
}

function expressionEnd(source: string, expressionStart: number): number {
  const cursor = source.slice(expressionStart).search(/\S/u);
  if (cursor < 0) {
    return source.length;
  }
  const start = expressionStart + cursor;
  let quoted = false;
  let escaped = false;
  let lineStart = start;
  const depths = { "(": 0, "[": 0, "{": 0 };
  const closingToOpening = { ")": "(", "]": "[", "}": "{" } as const;
  for (let index = start; index < source.length; index += 1) {
    const character = source[index];
    if (escaped) {
      escaped = false;
      continue;
    }
    if (quoted && character === "\\") {
      escaped = true;
      continue;
    }
    if (character === '"') {
      quoted = !quoted;
      continue;
    }
    if (quoted) {
      continue;
    }
    if (character === "(" || character === "[" || character === "{") {
      depths[character] += 1;
      continue;
    }
    if (character === ")" || character === "]" || character === "}") {
      depths[closingToOpening[character]] -= 1;
      continue;
    }
    if (character !== "\n" || !Object.values(depths).every((depth) => depth === 0)) {
      continue;
    }
    const line = source.slice(lineStart, index).trimEnd();
    const nextLine =
      source
        .slice(index + 1)
        .match(/^[^\S\n]*([^\n]*)/u)?.[1]
        ?.trimStart() ?? "";
    const continues =
      line.length === 0 ||
      /(?:\?:|[+*/%&|=.,([{])$/u.test(line) ||
      /^(?:else\b|\?:|[+*/%&|.])/u.test(nextLine);
    if (!continues) {
      return index;
    }
    lineStart = index + 1;
  }
  return source.length;
}

function splitTopLevelSegments(
  source: string,
  start: number,
  end: number,
  options: { trackTypeArguments?: boolean } = {},
): Array<{ end: number; start: number; value: string }> {
  const segments: Array<{ end: number; start: number; value: string }> = [];
  let segmentStart = start;
  let quoted = false;
  let escaped = false;
  let typeArgumentDepth = 0;
  let inDefaultValue = false;
  const depths = { "(": 0, "[": 0, "{": 0 };
  const closingToOpening = { ")": "(", "]": "[", "}": "{" } as const;
  for (let index = start; index < end; index += 1) {
    const character = source[index];
    if (escaped) {
      escaped = false;
      continue;
    }
    if (quoted && character === "\\") {
      escaped = true;
      continue;
    }
    if (character === '"') {
      quoted = !quoted;
      continue;
    }
    if (quoted) {
      continue;
    }
    if (options.trackTypeArguments && !inDefaultValue && character === "<") {
      typeArgumentDepth += 1;
      continue;
    }
    if (options.trackTypeArguments && character === ">" && typeArgumentDepth > 0) {
      typeArgumentDepth -= 1;
      continue;
    }
    if (character === "(" || character === "[" || character === "{") {
      depths[character] += 1;
      continue;
    }
    if (character === ")" || character === "]" || character === "}") {
      depths[closingToOpening[character]] -= 1;
      continue;
    }
    if (
      options.trackTypeArguments &&
      character === "=" &&
      typeArgumentDepth === 0 &&
      Object.values(depths).every((depth) => depth === 0)
    ) {
      inDefaultValue = true;
      continue;
    }
    if (
      character === "," &&
      typeArgumentDepth === 0 &&
      Object.values(depths).every((depth) => depth === 0)
    ) {
      segments.push({ end: index, start: segmentStart, value: source.slice(segmentStart, index) });
      segmentStart = index + 1;
      inDefaultValue = false;
    }
  }
  segments.push({ end, start: segmentStart, value: source.slice(segmentStart, end) });
  return segments;
}

function isLocalizedLiteral(expression: string, literalOffset: number): boolean {
  return /\bnativeString(?:Resource)?\(\s*$/u.test(expression.slice(0, literalOffset));
}

function isComparisonLiteral(expression: string, literalOffset: number): boolean {
  return /(?:==|!=)\s*$/u.test(expression.slice(0, literalOffset));
}

function collectHelperLiteralFindings(source: string, repoPath: string): AndroidUiLiteralFinding[] {
  const findings: AndroidUiLiteralFinding[] = [];
  const collectRange = (name: string, start: number, end: number) => {
    if (!UI_STRING_HELPER_NAME_RE.test(name)) {
      return;
    }
    const body = source.slice(start, end);
    const direct = body.match(/^\s*"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/u);
    const directRaw = body.match(/^\s*"""([\s\S]*?)"""/u);
    const matches = [
      ...(direct ? [direct] : []),
      ...(directRaw ? [directRaw] : []),
      ...body.matchAll(UI_BRANCH_LITERAL_RE),
      ...body.matchAll(UI_ELSE_BRANCH_LITERAL_RE),
      ...body.matchAll(UI_BRANCH_RAW_LITERAL_RE),
      ...body.matchAll(UI_ELSE_BRANCH_RAW_LITERAL_RE),
    ];
    const seenOffsets = new Set<number>();
    const addLiteral = (literal: string, literalOffset: number) => {
      if (seenOffsets.has(literalOffset)) {
        return;
      }
      seenOffsets.add(literalOffset);
      findings.push({
        line: lineNumber(source, start + literalOffset),
        path: repoPath,
        source: decodeKotlinLiteral(literal),
      });
    };
    for (const match of matches) {
      const literal = match[1];
      if (!literal) {
        continue;
      }
      const delimiter = match[0]?.includes('"""') ? '"""' : '"';
      const literalOffset = body.indexOf(`${delimiter}${literal}${delimiter}`, match.index ?? 0);
      addLiteral(literal, Math.max(0, literalOffset));
    }
    for (const match of body.matchAll(/\bif\s*/gu)) {
      let cursor = (match.index ?? 0) + match[0].length;
      if (body[cursor] !== "(") {
        continue;
      }
      const closingParen = findClosingDelimiter(body, cursor, "(", ")");
      if (closingParen === null) {
        continue;
      }
      cursor = closingParen + 1;
      while (/\s/u.test(body[cursor] ?? "")) {
        cursor += 1;
      }
      if (body[cursor] === "{") {
        cursor += 1;
        while (/\s/u.test(body[cursor] ?? "")) {
          cursor += 1;
        }
      }
      const expression = body.slice(cursor);
      const literal =
        expression.match(/^"""([\s\S]*?)"""/u)?.[1] ??
        expression.match(/^"((?:\\.|[^"\\])+)"/u)?.[1];
      if (literal) {
        addLiteral(literal, cursor);
      }
    }
  };
  for (const match of source.matchAll(UI_STRING_FUNCTION_RE)) {
    const name = match[1];
    if (!name) {
      continue;
    }
    let openingParen = (match.index ?? 0) + match[0].length;
    while (/\s/u.test(source[openingParen] ?? "")) {
      openingParen += 1;
    }
    if (source[openingParen] !== "(") {
      continue;
    }
    const closingParen = findClosingDelimiter(source, openingParen, "(", ")");
    if (closingParen === null) {
      continue;
    }
    const returnType = source.slice(closingParen + 1).match(/^\s*:\s*String\s*(=|\{)/u);
    const bodyKind = returnType?.[1];
    if (!bodyKind || returnType?.index === undefined) {
      continue;
    }
    const bodyStart = closingParen + 1 + returnType.index + returnType[0].length;
    if (bodyKind === "{") {
      const openingBrace = bodyStart - 1;
      const closingBrace = findClosingDelimiter(source, openingBrace, "{", "}");
      if (closingBrace !== null) {
        collectRange(name, bodyStart, closingBrace);
      }
    } else {
      collectRange(name, bodyStart, expressionEnd(source, bodyStart));
    }
  }
  for (const match of source.matchAll(UI_STRING_PROPERTY_RE)) {
    const name = match[1];
    if (!name) {
      continue;
    }
    const bodyStart = (match.index ?? 0) + match[0].length;
    collectRange(name, bodyStart, expressionEnd(source, bodyStart));
  }
  return findings;
}

function collectTypedModelLiteralFindings(
  source: string,
  repoPath: string,
): AndroidUiLiteralFinding[] {
  const findings: AndroidUiLiteralFinding[] = [];
  const classPattern = /\b(?:data\s+class|class)\s+([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\s*/gu;
  for (const declaration of source.matchAll(classPattern)) {
    const className = declaration[1];
    if (!className) {
      continue;
    }
    let openingParen = (declaration.index ?? 0) + declaration[0].length;
    while (/\s/u.test(source[openingParen] ?? "")) {
      openingParen += 1;
    }
    if (source[openingParen] === "<") {
      const closingTypeArguments = findClosingDelimiter(source, openingParen, "<", ">");
      if (closingTypeArguments === null) {
        continue;
      }
      openingParen = closingTypeArguments + 1;
      while (/\s/u.test(source[openingParen] ?? "")) {
        openingParen += 1;
      }
    }
    if (source[openingParen] !== "(") {
      continue;
    }
    const closingParen = findClosingDelimiter(source, openingParen, "(", ")");
    if (closingParen === null) {
      continue;
    }
    const parameters = splitTopLevelSegments(source, openingParen + 1, closingParen, {
      trackTypeArguments: true,
    });
    const userFacingParameters = new Map<string, number>();
    const classFields = UI_MODEL_CLASS_FIELDS.get(className);
    parameters.forEach((parameter, index) => {
      const field = parameter.value.match(
        /\bval\s+([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\s*:\s*String\??(?=\s*(?:=|$))/u,
      )?.[1];
      if (field && (UI_MODEL_STRING_NAME_RE.test(field) || classFields?.has(field))) {
        userFacingParameters.set(field, index);
      }
    });
    if (userFacingParameters.size === 0) {
      continue;
    }
    const callPattern = new RegExp(`\\b${className}\\b`, "gu");
    for (const call of source.matchAll(callPattern)) {
      let callOpening = (call.index ?? 0) + call[0].length;
      while (/\s/u.test(source[callOpening] ?? "")) {
        callOpening += 1;
      }
      if (source[callOpening] === "<") {
        const closingTypeArguments = findClosingDelimiter(source, callOpening, "<", ">");
        if (closingTypeArguments === null) {
          continue;
        }
        callOpening = closingTypeArguments + 1;
        while (/\s/u.test(source[callOpening] ?? "")) {
          callOpening += 1;
        }
      }
      if (source[callOpening] !== "(") {
        continue;
      }
      if (callOpening === openingParen) {
        continue;
      }
      const callClosing = findClosingDelimiter(source, callOpening, "(", ")");
      if (callClosing === null) {
        continue;
      }
      const argumentsList = splitTopLevelSegments(source, callOpening + 1, callClosing);
      const namedArguments = new Map<string, (typeof argumentsList)[number]>();
      let positionalArgumentCount = argumentsList.length;
      argumentsList.forEach((argument, index) => {
        const name = argument.value.match(/^\s*([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*)\s*=(?!=)/u)?.[1];
        if (!name) {
          return;
        }
        namedArguments.set(name, argument);
        positionalArgumentCount = Math.min(positionalArgumentCount, index);
      });
      for (const [field, parameterIndex] of userFacingParameters) {
        const argument =
          namedArguments.get(field) ??
          (parameterIndex < positionalArgumentCount ? argumentsList[parameterIndex] : undefined);
        if (!argument) {
          continue;
        }
        for (const literal of argument.value.matchAll(KOTLIN_STRING_LITERAL_RE)) {
          const literalValue = literal[1] ?? literal[2];
          if (
            !literalValue ||
            isLocalizedLiteral(argument.value, literal.index ?? 0) ||
            isComparisonLiteral(argument.value, literal.index ?? 0)
          ) {
            continue;
          }
          findings.push({
            line: lineNumber(source, argument.start + (literal.index ?? 0)),
            path: repoPath,
            source: literal[1] === undefined ? decodeKotlinLiteral(literalValue) : literalValue,
          });
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return findings;
}

export function findUnlocalizedAndroidUiLiterals(
  source: string,
  repoPath: string,
): AndroidUiLiteralFinding[] {
  if (!shouldScanUiLiterals(repoPath)) {
    return [];
  }
  const findings = new Map<string, AndroidUiLiteralFinding>();
  for (const [patterns, delimiter] of [
    [DIRECT_UI_LITERAL_PATTERNS, '"'],
    [DIRECT_UI_RAW_LITERAL_PATTERNS, '"""'],
  ] as const) {
    for (const pattern of patterns) {
      pattern.lastIndex = 0;
      for (const match of source.matchAll(pattern)) {
        const literal = match[1];
        if (!literal) {
          continue;
        }
        const findingSource = delimiter === '"' ? decodeKotlinLiteral(literal) : literal;
        if (
          isAllowedUiLiteral(repoPath, findingSource) ||
          literal.startsWith("http") ||
          literal.startsWith("content://")
        ) {
          continue;
        }
        const matchText = match[0] ?? "";
        const offset =
          (match.index ?? 0) + matchText.lastIndexOf(`${delimiter}${literal}${delimiter}`);
        const finding = {
          line: lineNumber(source, Math.max(0, offset)),
          path: repoPath,
          source: findingSource,
        };
        findings.set(`${finding.line}\u0000${finding.source}`, finding);
      }
    }
  }
  for (const finding of [
    ...collectHelperLiteralFindings(source, repoPath),
    ...collectTypedModelLiteralFindings(source, repoPath),
  ]) {
    if (!isAllowedUiLiteral(repoPath, finding.source)) {
      findings.set(`${finding.line}\u0000${finding.source}`, finding);
    }
  }
  return [...findings.values()].toSorted(
    (left, right) => left.line - right.line || compareText(left.source, right.source),
  );
}

function findInvalidResourceSyntax(strings: ReadonlyMap<string, ResourceString>): string[] {
  return [...strings]
    .filter(([, entry]) => {
      const trimmed = entry.rawValue.trim();
      const isQuoted = trimmed.startsWith('"') && trimmed.endsWith('"');
      return !isQuoted && INVALID_APOSTROPHE_RE.test(trimmed);
    })
    .map(([key]) => key);
}

export function selectDeterministicTranslation(source: string, values: readonly string[]): string {
  const translated = values.filter((value) => value !== source);
  const candidates = translated.length > 0 ? translated : values;
  const counts = new Map<string, number>();
  for (const value of candidates) {
    counts.set(value, (counts.get(value) ?? 0) + 1);
  }
  return (
    [...counts]
      .toSorted(
        ([left, leftCount], [right, rightCount]) =>
          rightCount - leftCount || compareText(left, right),
      )
      .at(0)?.[0] ?? ""
  );
}

export function selectGeneratedTranslation(
  source: string,
  artifactTranslations: readonly string[],
  existing?: { source: string; translation: string },
): string {
  // Tool-display sources can remain live after their matching UI inventory entries are retired.
  // Preserve the checked-in locale value only while its English source is unchanged.
  const candidates =
    artifactTranslations.length > 0
      ? artifactTranslations
      : existing?.source === source && existing.translation !== source
        ? [existing.translation]
        : [];
  return selectDeterministicTranslation(source, candidates);
}

async function readInventory(): Promise<NativeInventoryEntry[]> {
  const parsed = JSON.parse(await readFile(INVENTORY_PATH, "utf8")) as {
    entries?: NativeInventoryEntry[];
  };
  return (parsed.entries ?? []).filter((entry) => entry.surface === "android");
}

async function readArtifacts(): Promise<Map<string, NativeTranslations>> {
  return new Map(
    await Promise.all(
      NATIVE_I18N_LOCALES.map(async (locale) => {
        const parsed = JSON.parse(
          await readFile(path.join(ARTIFACT_ROOT, `${locale}.json`), "utf8"),
        ) as { translations?: NativeTranslations };
        return [locale, parsed.translations ?? {}] as const;
      }),
    ),
  );
}

function translationsBySource(
  inventory: readonly NativeInventoryEntry[],
  translationsById: Readonly<NativeTranslations>,
): Map<string, string[]> {
  const translations = new Map<string, string[]>();
  for (const entry of inventory) {
    const translated = translationsById[entry.id];
    if (translated !== undefined) {
      translations.set(entry.source, [translated]);
    }
  }
  return translations;
}

function localizeManualStrings(
  base: ReadonlyMap<string, ResourceString>,
  inventoryBySource: ReadonlyMap<string, NativeInventoryEntry>,
  translations: Readonly<NativeTranslations>,
  surface: string,
): ResourceString[] {
  return [...base.values()].map((entry) => {
    const source = decodeAndroidResourceValue(entry.rawValue);
    const translatable = !/\btranslatable\s*=\s*"false"/u.test(entry.attrs);
    const inventoryEntry = inventoryBySource.get(source);
    if (translatable && !inventoryEntry) {
      throw new Error(
        `${surface} string is missing from native inventory: ${JSON.stringify(source)}`,
      );
    }
    const value = (translatable && inventoryEntry && translations[inventoryEntry.id]) || source;
    return {
      attrs: translatable ? withGeneratedTranslationLintIgnores(entry.attrs) : entry.attrs,
      key: entry.key,
      rawValue: `"${escapeAndroidResourceValue(value)}"`,
      value,
    };
  });
}

function renderStringsXml(
  manual: readonly ResourceString[],
  generated: ReadonlyMap<string, { source: string; value: string }>,
): string {
  const usesToolsNamespace =
    generated.size > 0 || manual.some((entry) => entry.attrs.includes("tools:"));
  const lines = [
    usesToolsNamespace
      ? '<resources xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools">'
      : "<resources>",
  ];
  for (const entry of manual) {
    lines.push(`    <string name="${entry.key}"${entry.attrs}>${entry.rawValue}</string>`);
  }
  if (generated.size > 0) {
    lines.push(GENERATED_HEADER);
    for (const [key, entry] of [...generated].toSorted(([left], [right]) =>
      compareText(left, right),
    )) {
      const formatted =
        (readKotlinInterpolations(entry.source)?.length ?? 0) > 0 ? "" : ' formatted="false"';
      // Translation-memory text intentionally preserves technical tokens and source punctuation,
      // so Android's English dictionary and typography suggestions do not apply to managed keys.
      lines.push(
        `    <string name="${key}"${withGeneratedTranslationLintIgnores(formatted)}>"${renderAndroidResourceValue(entry.source, entry.value)}"</string>`,
      );
    }
  }
  lines.push("</resources>", "");
  return lines.join("\n");
}

function renderAssistantXml(items: readonly string[]): string {
  return [
    "<resources>",
    '    <string-array name="ask_openclaw_query_patterns">',
    ...items.map((item) => `        <item>"${renderAndroidResourceValue(item, item)}"</item>`),
    "    </string-array>",
    "</resources>",
    "",
  ].join("\n");
}

function renderKotlin(sourceToKey: ReadonlyMap<string, string>): string {
  const entries = [...sourceToKey].toSorted(([left], [right]) => compareText(left, right));
  return [
    GENERATED_KOTLIN_HEADER,
    "package ai.openclaw.app.i18n",
    "",
    "import ai.openclaw.app.R",
    "",
    "internal val nativeStringResourceIds: Map<String, Int> =",
    "  mapOf(",
    ...entries.map(([source, key]) => `    "${escapeKotlin(source)}" to R.string.${key},`),
    "  )",
    "",
  ].join("\n");
}

export async function buildAndroidAppI18nCatalog(): Promise<GeneratedCatalog> {
  const inventory = await readInventory();
  const [
    artifacts,
    localeStrings,
    thirdPartyBaseStrings,
    wearBaseStrings,
    sourceFiles,
    toolDisplaySources,
  ] = await Promise.all([
    readArtifacts(),
    Promise.all(LOCALES.map((locale) => readStrings(locale))),
    readStrings("values", ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_RESOURCE_ROOT, THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_FILE),
    readStrings("values", WEAR_RESOURCE_ROOT),
    readAllAndroidSource(),
    readToolDisplaySources(),
  ]);
  const baseStrings = expectDefined(localeStrings[0], "English Android string resources");
  const translatedStrings = localeStrings.slice(1);
  const wearInventoryBySource = new Map(
    inventory
      .filter((entry) => entry.sites.some((site) => site.path === WEAR_STRINGS_REPO_PATH))
      .map((entry) => [entry.source, entry]),
  );
  const thirdPartyInventoryBySource = new Map(
    inventory
      .filter((entry) => entry.sites.some((site) => site.path === THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_REPO_PATH))
      .map((entry) => [entry.source, entry]),
  );
  const manualBase = [...baseStrings.values()].filter(
    (entry) => !entry.key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX),
  );
  const manualSourceToKey = new Map(manualBase.map((entry) => [entry.value, entry.key]));
  const entriesBySource = new Map<string, NativeInventoryEntry[]>();
  for (const entry of inventory) {
    if (
      entry.surface !== "android" ||
      entry.sites.every((site) => site.kind === "resource-string")
    ) {
      continue;
    }
    const group = entriesBySource.get(entry.source) ?? [];
    group.push(entry);
    entriesBySource.set(entry.source, group);
  }
  for (const source of collectExplicitRuntimeSources(sourceFiles)) {
    if (!entriesBySource.has(source)) {
      entriesBySource.set(source, []);
    }
  }
  for (const source of toolDisplaySources) {
    if (!entriesBySource.has(source)) {
      entriesBySource.set(source, []);
    }
  }
  const sourceToKey = new Map<string, string>();
  for (const source of entriesBySource.keys()) {
    sourceToKey.set(source, manualSourceToKey.get(source) ?? resourceKey(source));
  }
  const resources = new Map<string, string>();
  const contradictions: TranslationContradiction[] = [];
  for (const [localeIndex, locale] of NATIVE_I18N_LOCALES.entries()) {
    const manualTranslations = translatedStrings[localeIndex] ?? new Map();
    const localeTranslations = artifacts.get(locale) ?? {};
    const artifactTranslationsBySource = translationsBySource(inventory, localeTranslations);
    const generated = new Map<string, { source: string; value: string }>();
    for (const source of entriesBySource.keys()) {
      const key = sourceToKey.get(source);
      if (!key || !key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX)) {
        continue;
      }
      const translations = artifactTranslationsBySource.get(source) ?? [];
      const existingSource = decodeAndroidResourceValue(baseStrings.get(key)?.rawValue ?? "");
      const existingTranslation = decodeAndroidResourceValue(
        manualTranslations.get(key)?.rawValue ?? "",
      );
      const selected = selectGeneratedTranslation(
        source,
        translations,
        existingSource && existingTranslation
          ? { source: existingSource, translation: existingTranslation }
          : undefined,
      );
      if (selected === source && translations.some((translation) => translation !== source)) {
        throw new Error(
          `Android translation selection kept the source despite a translated candidate: ${locale} ${JSON.stringify(source)}`,
        );
      }
      const unique = [...new Set(translations)].toSorted(compareText);
      if (unique.length > 1) {
        contradictions.push({ locale, selected, source, translations: unique });
      }
      generated.set(key, {
        source,
        value: selected || source,
      });
    }
    const manual = [...manualTranslations.values()].filter(
      (entry) => !entry.key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX),
    );
    resources.set(
      path.join(RESOURCE_ROOT, localeDirectory(locale), "strings.xml"),
      renderStringsXml(manual, generated),
    );
    const wearManual = localizeManualStrings(
      wearBaseStrings,
      wearInventoryBySource,
      localeTranslations,
      "Wear",
    );
    resources.set(
      path.join(WEAR_RESOURCE_ROOT, localeDirectory(locale), "strings.xml"),
      renderStringsXml(wearManual, new Map()),
    );
    const thirdPartyManual = localizeManualStrings(
      thirdPartyBaseStrings,
      thirdPartyInventoryBySource,
      localeTranslations,
      "Android third-party",
    );
    resources.set(
      path.join(
        ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_RESOURCE_ROOT,
        localeDirectory(locale),
        THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_FILE,
      ),
      renderStringsXml(thirdPartyManual, new Map()),
    );
  }
  const generatedBase = new Map<string, { source: string; value: string }>();
  for (const [source, key] of sourceToKey) {
    if (!key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX)) {
      continue;
    }
    generatedBase.set(key, {
      source,
      value: source,
    });
  }
  resources.set(
    path.join(RESOURCE_ROOT, "values", "strings.xml"),
    renderStringsXml(manualBase, generatedBase),
  );

  const assistantSource = await readFile(
    path.join(RESOURCE_ROOT, "values", "assistant.xml"),
    "utf8",
  );
  const assistantItems = parseArrays(assistantSource).get("ask_openclaw_query_patterns") ?? [];
  for (const [locale, localeTranslations] of artifacts) {
    const translatedBySource = translationsBySource(inventory, localeTranslations);
    const translatedItems = assistantItems.map(
      (source) =>
        selectDeterministicTranslation(source, translatedBySource.get(source) ?? []) || source,
    );
    resources.set(
      path.join(RESOURCE_ROOT, localeDirectory(locale), "assistant.xml"),
      renderAssistantXml(translatedItems),
    );
  }

  return {
    contradictions,
    kotlin: renderKotlin(sourceToKey),
    resources,
    sources: new Set(sourceToKey.keys()),
  };
}

function formatProblems(problems: Array<readonly [string, string[]]>): string {
  return [
    "Android i18n resources are out of sync.",
    ...problems.map(([label, keys]) => `${label}=${keys.join(",") || "none"}`),
  ].join("\n");
}

/**
 * Managed app rows (native_*) and localized Wear catalogs are owned end-to-end
 * by the post-merge locale refresh workflow, so a source PR may legitimately
 * carry stale generated output. Every other delta is real drift.
 */
function onlyManagedRowsPending(current: string, expected: string): boolean {
  const currentRows = new Map(parseStrings(current).map((entry) => [entry.key, entry]));
  const expectedRows = new Map(parseStrings(expected).map((entry) => [entry.key, entry]));
  for (const [key, entry] of currentRows) {
    const expectedEntry = expectedRows.get(key);
    if (!expectedEntry) {
      if (!key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX)) {
        return false;
      }
      continue;
    }
    if (expectedEntry.attrs !== entry.attrs || expectedEntry.rawValue !== entry.rawValue) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  for (const key of expectedRows.keys()) {
    if (!currentRows.has(key) && !key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX)) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return true;
}

export async function syncAndroidAppI18n(
  options: { check?: boolean; tolerateManagedPending?: boolean } = {},
) {
  const catalog = await buildAndroidAppI18nCatalog();
  const drift: string[] = [];
  let sawUnmanagedDrift = false;
  for (const [filePath, expected] of catalog.resources) {
    const current = await readFile(filePath, "utf8").catch(() => "");
    if (current === expected) {
      continue;
    }
    const relativeFilePath = path.relative(ROOT, filePath).split(path.sep).join("/");
    if (
      options.check &&
      options.tolerateManagedPending &&
      (WEAR_GENERATED_RESOURCE_RE.test(relativeFilePath) ||
        THIRD_PARTY_GENERATED_RESOURCE_RE.test(relativeFilePath) ||
        (filePath.endsWith("strings.xml") && onlyManagedRowsPending(current, expected)))
    ) {
      continue;
    }
    sawUnmanagedDrift = true;
    drift.push(relativeFilePath);
    if (!options.check) {
      await mkdir(path.dirname(filePath), { recursive: true });
      await writeFile(filePath, expected);
    }
  }
  const currentKotlin = await readFile(GENERATED_KOTLIN_PATH, "utf8").catch(() => "");
  if (currentKotlin !== catalog.kotlin) {
    // The Kotlin map derives 1:1 from the same managed catalog: tolerate it
    // exactly when every resource delta above was managed-pending.
    if (!(options.check && options.tolerateManagedPending && !sawUnmanagedDrift)) {
      drift.push(path.relative(ROOT, GENERATED_KOTLIN_PATH).split(path.sep).join("/"));
      if (!options.check) {
        await writeFile(GENERATED_KOTLIN_PATH, catalog.kotlin);
      }
    }
  }
  if (options.check && drift.length > 0) {
    throw new Error(`Android generated localization drift:\n${drift.join("\n")}`);
  }
  if (catalog.contradictions.length > 0) {
    const limit = 20;
    const visible = catalog.contradictions.slice(0, limit);
    const remaining = catalog.contradictions.length - visible.length;
    process.stderr.write(
      [
        `android-app-i18n: contradictions=${catalog.contradictions.length}`,
        ...visible.map(
          (finding) =>
            `${finding.locale}: ${JSON.stringify(finding.source)} -> ${JSON.stringify(finding.selected)} (${finding.translations.map((translation) => JSON.stringify(translation)).join(", ")})`,
        ),
        ...(remaining > 0 ? [`android-app-i18n: ${remaining} more contradictions omitted`] : []),
        "",
      ].join("\n"),
    );
  }
  return catalog;
}

export async function verifyAndroidAppI18n() {
  const [
    sourceFiles,
    base,
    referenceSource,
    thirdPartyBase,
    thirdPartyReferenceSource,
    wearBase,
    wearReferenceSource,
  ] = await Promise.all([
    readAllAndroidSource(),
    readStrings("values"),
    readAndroidResourceReferences(),
    readStrings("values", ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_RESOURCE_ROOT, THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_FILE),
    readAndroidResourceReferences(ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_ROOT),
    readStrings("values", WEAR_RESOURCE_ROOT),
    readAndroidResourceReferences(ANDROID_WEAR_MAIN_ROOT),
  ]);
  const baseKeys = new Set(base.keys());
  const thirdPartyBaseKeys = new Set(thirdPartyBase.keys());
  const wearBaseKeys = new Set(wearBase.keys());
  const problems: Array<readonly [string, string[]]> = [
    ["App English syntax", findInvalidResourceSyntax(base)],
    ["Third-party English syntax", findInvalidResourceSyntax(thirdPartyBase)],
    ["Wear English syntax", findInvalidResourceSyntax(wearBase)],
  ];
  const manualBaseKeys = [...baseKeys].filter((key) => !key.startsWith(MANAGED_PREFIX));
  problems.push([
    "App English unused",
    findUnusedAndroidResourceKeys(manualBaseKeys, referenceSource),
  ]);
  problems.push([
    "Third-party English unused",
    findUnusedAndroidResourceKeys(thirdPartyBaseKeys, thirdPartyReferenceSource),
  ]);
  problems.push([
    "Wear English unused",
    findUnusedAndroidResourceKeys(wearBaseKeys, wearReferenceSource),
  ]);
  const uiFindings = sourceFiles.flatMap((file) =>
    findUnlocalizedAndroidUiLiterals(file.source, file.path),
  );
  problems.push([
    "Unlocalized UI literals",
    uiFindings.map((finding) => `${finding.path}:${finding.line}:${finding.source}`),
  ]);
  if (problems.some(([, keys]) => keys.length)) {
    throw new Error(formatProblems(problems));
  }
  process.stdout.write(
    `android-app-i18n: appSourceKeys=${baseKeys.size} thirdPartySourceKeys=${thirdPartyBaseKeys.size} wearSourceKeys=${wearBaseKeys.size}\n`,
  );
}

export async function checkAndroidAppI18n(options: { tolerateManagedPending?: boolean } = {}) {
  await verifyAndroidAppI18n();
  await syncAndroidAppI18n({ check: true, ...options });
  const localeStrings = await Promise.all(LOCALES.map((locale) => readStrings(locale)));
  const wearLocaleStrings = options.tolerateManagedPending
    ? []
    : await Promise.all(LOCALES.map((locale) => readStrings(locale, WEAR_RESOURCE_ROOT)));
  const thirdPartyLocaleStrings = options.tolerateManagedPending
    ? []
    : await Promise.all(
        LOCALES.map((locale) =>
          readStrings(locale, ANDROID_THIRD_PARTY_RESOURCE_ROOT, THIRD_PARTY_STRINGS_FILE),
        ),
      );
  const base = expectDefined(localeStrings[0], "English Android string resources");
  const localeProblems = (
    surface: string,
    surfaceBase: ReadonlyMap<string, ResourceString>,
    translations: ReadonlyArray<ReadonlyMap<string, ResourceString>>,
  ): Array<readonly [string, string[]]> => {
    const surfaceBaseKeys = new Set(surfaceBase.keys());
    return translations.flatMap((strings, index) => {
      const locale = NATIVE_I18N_LOCALES[index];
      const keys = new Set(strings.keys());
      const placeholderMismatches = [...surfaceBase].flatMap(([key, sourceEntry]) => {
        const translatedEntry = strings.get(key);
        if (!translatedEntry) {
          return [];
        }
        const expected = [...sourceEntry.rawValue.matchAll(FORMAT_RE)]
          .map((match) => match[0])
          .toSorted();
        const actual = [...translatedEntry.rawValue.matchAll(FORMAT_RE)]
          .map((match) => match[0])
          .toSorted();
        return expected.join("\u0000") === actual.join("\u0000") ? [] : [key];
      });
      return [
        [`${surface} ${locale} missing`, [...surfaceBaseKeys].filter((key) => !keys.has(key))],
        [`${surface} ${locale} extra`, [...keys].filter((key) => !surfaceBaseKeys.has(key))],
        [`${surface} ${locale} placeholders`, placeholderMismatches],
        [`${surface} ${locale} syntax`, findInvalidResourceSyntax(strings)],
      ] as const;
    });
  };
  const problems = localeProblems("App", base, localeStrings.slice(1));
  if (thirdPartyLocaleStrings.length > 0) {
    const thirdPartyBase = expectDefined(
      thirdPartyLocaleStrings[0],
      "English Android third-party string resources",
    );
    problems.push(
      ...localeProblems("Third-party", thirdPartyBase, thirdPartyLocaleStrings.slice(1)),
    );
  }
  if (wearLocaleStrings.length > 0) {
    const wearBase = expectDefined(wearLocaleStrings[0], "English Wear string resources");
    problems.push(...localeProblems("Wear", wearBase, wearLocaleStrings.slice(1)));
  }
  if (problems.some(([, keys]) => keys.length)) {
    throw new Error(formatProblems(problems));
  }
  process.stdout.write(
    `android-app-i18n: appKeys=${base.size} locales=${NATIVE_I18N_LOCALES.join(",")}\n`,
  );
}

if (isDirectRunUrl(process.argv[1], import.meta.url)) {
  const [command] = process.argv.slice(2);
  if (command === "sync") {
    await syncAndroidAppI18n();
  } else if (command === "check") {
    await checkAndroidAppI18n();
  } else {
    throw new Error("usage: node --import tsx scripts/android-app-i18n.ts <sync|check>");
  }
}