Upload folder using huggingface_hub (part 8)

.gitattributes

@@ -67,3 +67,10 @@ venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/joblib/test/__pycache__/test_parallel.cpython-
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+venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/drawing/__pycache__/nx_pylab.cpython-312.pyc filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/drawing/tests/baseline/test_display_complex.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/__pycache__/_add_newdocs.cpython-312.pyc filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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+venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_tests.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/numpy/_core/_multiarray_umath.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
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venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx-3.6.1.dist-info/INSTALLER

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+pip

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx-3.6.1.dist-info/METADATA

@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: networkx
+Version: 3.6.1
+Summary: Python package for creating and manipulating graphs and networks
+Author-email: Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
+Maintainer-email: NetworkX Developers <networkx-discuss@googlegroups.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://networkx.org/
+Project-URL: Bug Tracker, https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/
+Project-URL: Source Code, https://github.com/networkx/networkx
+Keywords: Networks,Graph Theory,Mathematics,network,graph,discrete mathematics,math
+Platform: Linux
+Platform: Mac OSX
+Platform: Windows
+Platform: Unix
+Classifier: Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Science/Research
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
+Classifier: Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Bio-Informatics
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Information Analysis
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Mathematics
+Classifier: Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: Physics
+Requires-Python: !=3.14.1,>=3.11
+Description-Content-Type: text/x-rst
+License-File: LICENSE.txt
+Provides-Extra: benchmarking
+Requires-Dist: asv; extra == "benchmarking"
+Requires-Dist: virtualenv; extra == "benchmarking"
+Provides-Extra: default
+Requires-Dist: numpy>=1.25; extra == "default"
+Requires-Dist: scipy>=1.11.2; extra == "default"
+Requires-Dist: matplotlib>=3.8; extra == "default"
+Requires-Dist: pandas>=2.0; extra == "default"
+Provides-Extra: developer
+Requires-Dist: pre-commit>=4.1; extra == "developer"
+Requires-Dist: mypy>=1.15; extra == "developer"
+Provides-Extra: doc
+Requires-Dist: sphinx>=8.0; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: pydata-sphinx-theme>=0.16; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: sphinx-gallery>=0.18; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: numpydoc>=1.8.0; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: pillow>=10; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: texext>=0.6.7; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: myst-nb>=1.1; extra == "doc"
+Requires-Dist: intersphinx-registry; extra == "doc"
+Provides-Extra: example
+Requires-Dist: osmnx>=2.0.0; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: momepy>=0.7.2; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: contextily>=1.6; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: seaborn>=0.13; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: cairocffi>=1.7; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: igraph>=0.11; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: scikit-learn>=1.5; extra == "example"
+Requires-Dist: iplotx>=0.9.0; extra == "example"
+Provides-Extra: extra
+Requires-Dist: lxml>=4.6; extra == "extra"
+Requires-Dist: pygraphviz>=1.14; extra == "extra"
+Requires-Dist: pydot>=3.0.1; extra == "extra"
+Requires-Dist: sympy>=1.10; extra == "extra"
+Provides-Extra: release
+Requires-Dist: build>=0.10; extra == "release"
+Requires-Dist: twine>=4.0; extra == "release"
+Requires-Dist: wheel>=0.40; extra == "release"
+Requires-Dist: changelist==0.5; extra == "release"
+Provides-Extra: test
+Requires-Dist: pytest>=7.2; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-cov>=4.0; extra == "test"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-xdist>=3.0; extra == "test"
+Provides-Extra: test-extras
+Requires-Dist: pytest-mpl; extra == "test-extras"
+Requires-Dist: pytest-randomly; extra == "test-extras"
+Dynamic: license-file
+
+NetworkX
+========
+
+
+.. image::
+    https://github.com/networkx/networkx/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg?branch=main
+    :target: https://github.com/networkx/networkx/actions/workflows/test.yml
+
+.. image::
+    https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/networkx.svg?
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/networkx
+
+.. image::
+    https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/networkx.svg?
+    :target: https://github.com/networkx/networkx/blob/main/LICENSE.txt
+
+.. image::
+    https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/networkx.svg?
+    :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/networkx
+
+.. image::
+    https://img.shields.io/github/labels/networkx/networkx/good%20first%20issue?color=green&label=contribute
+    :target: https://github.com/networkx/networkx/contribute
+
+.. image::
+    https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/api/badge/health-score?project=networkx
+    :target: https://insights.linuxfoundation.org/project/networkx
+
+
+NetworkX is a Python package for the creation, manipulation,
+and study of the structure, dynamics, and functions
+of complex networks.
+
+- **Website (including documentation):** https://networkx.org
+- **Mailing list:** https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/networkx-discuss
+- **Source:** https://github.com/networkx/networkx
+- **Bug reports:** https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues
+- **Report a security vulnerability:** https://tidelift.com/security
+- **Tutorial:** https://networkx.org/documentation/latest/tutorial.html
+- **GitHub Discussions:** https://github.com/networkx/networkx/discussions
+- **Discord (Scientific Python) invite link:** https://discord.com/invite/vur45CbwMz
+- **NetworkX meetings calendar (open to all):** https://scientific-python.org/calendars/networkx.ics
+
+Simple example
+--------------
+
+Find the shortest path between two nodes in an undirected graph:
+
+.. code:: pycon
+
+    >>> import networkx as nx
+    >>> G = nx.Graph()
+    >>> G.add_edge("A", "B", weight=4)
+    >>> G.add_edge("B", "D", weight=2)
+    >>> G.add_edge("A", "C", weight=3)
+    >>> G.add_edge("C", "D", weight=4)
+    >>> nx.shortest_path(G, "A", "D", weight="weight")
+    ['A', 'B', 'D']
+
+Install
+-------
+
+Install the latest released version of NetworkX:
+
+.. code:: shell
+
+    $ pip install networkx
+
+Install with all optional dependencies:
+
+.. code:: shell
+
+    $ pip install networkx[default]
+
+For additional details,
+please see the `installation guide <https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/install.html>`_.
+
+Bugs
+----
+
+Please report any bugs that you find `here <https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues>`_.
+Or, even better, fork the repository on `GitHub <https://github.com/networkx/networkx>`_
+and create a pull request (PR). We welcome all changes, big or small, and we
+will help you make the PR if you are new to `git` (just ask on the issue and/or
+see the `contributor guide <https://networkx.org/documentation/latest/developer/contribute.html>`_).
+
+License
+-------
+
+Released under the `3-clause BSD license <https://github.com/networkx/networkx/blob/main/LICENSE.txt>`_::
+
+    Copyright (c) 2004-2025, NetworkX Developers
+    Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
+    Dan Schult <dschult@colgate.edu>
+    Pieter Swart <swart@lanl.gov>

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx-3.6.1.dist-info/WHEEL

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+Wheel-Version: 1.0
+Generator: setuptools (80.9.0)
+Root-Is-Purelib: true
+Tag: py3-none-any
+

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx-3.6.1.dist-info/entry_points.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[networkx.backends]
+nx_loopback = networkx.classes.tests.dispatch_interface:backend_interface

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx-3.6.1.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+NetworkX is distributed with the 3-clause BSD license.
+
+::
+
+   Copyright (c) 2004-2025, NetworkX Developers
+   Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
+   Dan Schult <dschult@colgate.edu>
+   Pieter Swart <swart@lanl.gov>
+   All rights reserved.
+
+   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+   met:
+
+     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+       notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+       copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+       disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+       with the distribution.
+
+     * Neither the name of the NetworkX Developers nor the names of its
+       contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
+       from this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx-3.6.1.dist-info/top_level.txt

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+networkx

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_asteroidal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_is_at_free():
+    is_at_free = nx.asteroidal.is_at_free
+
+    cycle = nx.cycle_graph(6)
+    assert not is_at_free(cycle)
+
+    path = nx.path_graph(6)
+    assert is_at_free(path)
+
+    small_graph = nx.complete_graph(2)
+    assert is_at_free(small_graph)
+
+    petersen = nx.petersen_graph()
+    assert not is_at_free(petersen)
+
+    clique = nx.complete_graph(6)
+    assert is_at_free(clique)
+
+    line_clique = nx.line_graph(clique)
+    assert not is_at_free(line_clique)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_boundary.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+"""Unit tests for the :mod:`networkx.algorithms.boundary` module."""
+
+from itertools import combinations
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx import convert_node_labels_to_integers as cnlti
+from networkx.utils import edges_equal
+
+
+class TestNodeBoundary:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.node_boundary` function."""
+
+    def test_null_graph(self):
+        """Tests that the null graph has empty node boundaries."""
+        null = nx.null_graph()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(null, []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(null, [], []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(null, [1, 2, 3]) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(null, [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(null, [1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5]) == set()
+
+    def test_path_graph(self):
+        P10 = cnlti(nx.path_graph(10), first_label=1)
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, [], []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, [1, 2, 3]) == {4}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, [4, 5, 6]) == {3, 7}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) == {2, 8}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, [8, 9, 10]) == {7}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(P10, [4, 5, 6], [9, 10]) == set()
+
+    def test_complete_graph(self):
+        K10 = cnlti(nx.complete_graph(10), first_label=1)
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, [], []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, [1, 2, 3]) == {4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, [4, 5, 6]) == {1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) == {1, 2, 8, 9, 10}
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, [4, 5, 6], []) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, K10) == set()
+        assert nx.node_boundary(K10, [1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5]) == {4, 5}
+
+    def test_petersen(self):
+        """Check boundaries in the petersen graph
+
+        cheeger(G,k)=min(|bdy(S)|/|S| for |S|=k, 0<k<=|V(G)|/2)
+
+        """
+
+        def cheeger(G, k):
+            return min(len(nx.node_boundary(G, nn)) / k for nn in combinations(G, k))
+
+        P = nx.petersen_graph()
+        assert cheeger(P, 1) == pytest.approx(3.00, abs=1e-2)
+        assert cheeger(P, 2) == pytest.approx(2.00, abs=1e-2)
+        assert cheeger(P, 3) == pytest.approx(1.67, abs=1e-2)
+        assert cheeger(P, 4) == pytest.approx(1.00, abs=1e-2)
+        assert cheeger(P, 5) == pytest.approx(0.80, abs=1e-2)
+
+    def test_directed(self):
+        """Tests the node boundary of a directed graph."""
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 0)])
+        S = {0, 1}
+        boundary = nx.node_boundary(G, S)
+        expected = {2}
+        assert boundary == expected
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        """Tests the node boundary of a multigraph."""
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(list(nx.cycle_graph(5).edges()) * 2)
+        S = {0, 1}
+        boundary = nx.node_boundary(G, S)
+        expected = {2, 4}
+        assert boundary == expected
+
+    def test_multidigraph(self):
+        """Tests the edge boundary of a multidigraph."""
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 0)]
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(edges * 2)
+        S = {0, 1}
+        boundary = nx.node_boundary(G, S)
+        expected = {2}
+        assert boundary == expected
+
+
+class TestEdgeBoundary:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.edge_boundary` function."""
+
+    def test_null_graph(self):
+        null = nx.null_graph()
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(null, [])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(null, [], [])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(null, [1, 2, 3])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(null, [1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(null, [1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5])) == []
+
+    def test_path_graph(self):
+        P10 = cnlti(nx.path_graph(10), first_label=1)
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [], [])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [1, 2, 3])) == [(3, 4)]
+        assert sorted(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [4, 5, 6])) == [(4, 3), (6, 7)]
+        assert sorted(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])) == [(3, 2), (7, 8)]
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [8, 9, 10])) == [(8, 7)]
+        assert sorted(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [4, 5, 6], [9, 10])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(P10, [1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5])) == [(2, 3), (3, 4)]
+
+    def test_complete_graph(self):
+        K10 = cnlti(nx.complete_graph(10), first_label=1)
+
+        def ilen(iterable):
+            return sum(1 for i in iterable)
+
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(K10, [])) == []
+        assert list(nx.edge_boundary(K10, [], [])) == []
+        assert ilen(nx.edge_boundary(K10, [1, 2, 3])) == 21
+        assert ilen(nx.edge_boundary(K10, [4, 5, 6, 7])) == 24
+        assert ilen(nx.edge_boundary(K10, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])) == 25
+        assert ilen(nx.edge_boundary(K10, [8, 9, 10])) == 21
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.edge_boundary(K10, [4, 5, 6], [9, 10]),
+            [(4, 9), (4, 10), (5, 9), (5, 10), (6, 9), (6, 10)],
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.edge_boundary(K10, [1, 2, 3], [3, 4, 5]),
+            [(1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)],
+        )
+
+    def test_directed(self):
+        """Tests the edge boundary of a directed graph."""
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 0)])
+        S = {0, 1}
+        boundary = list(nx.edge_boundary(G, S))
+        expected = [(1, 2)]
+        assert boundary == expected
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        """Tests the edge boundary of a multigraph."""
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(list(nx.cycle_graph(5).edges()) * 2)
+        S = {0, 1}
+        boundary = list(nx.edge_boundary(G, S))
+        expected = [(0, 4), (0, 4), (1, 2), (1, 2)]
+        assert boundary == expected
+
+    def test_multidigraph(self):
+        """Tests the edge boundary of a multidigraph."""
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 0)]
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(edges * 2)
+        S = {0, 1}
+        boundary = list(nx.edge_boundary(G, S))
+        expected = [(1, 2), (1, 2)]
+        assert boundary == expected

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_bridges.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""Unit tests for bridge-finding algorithms."""
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestBridges:
+    """Unit tests for the bridge-finding function."""
+
+    def test_single_bridge(self):
+        edges = [
+            # DFS tree edges.
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (3, 5),
+            (5, 6),
+            (6, 7),
+            (7, 8),
+            (5, 9),
+            (9, 10),
+            # Nontree edges.
+            (1, 3),
+            (1, 4),
+            (2, 5),
+            (5, 10),
+            (6, 8),
+        ]
+        G = nx.Graph(edges)
+        source = 1
+        bridges = list(nx.bridges(G, source))
+        assert bridges == [(5, 6)]
+
+    def test_barbell_graph(self):
+        # The (3, 0) barbell graph has two triangles joined by a single edge.
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        source = 0
+        bridges = list(nx.bridges(G, source))
+        assert bridges == [(2, 3)]
+
+    def test_multiedge_bridge(self):
+        edges = [
+            (0, 1),
+            (0, 2),
+            (1, 2),
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (3, 4),
+        ]
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(edges)
+        assert list(nx.bridges(G)) == [(2, 3)]
+
+
+class TestHasBridges:
+    """Unit tests for the has bridges function."""
+
+    def test_single_bridge(self):
+        edges = [
+            # DFS tree edges.
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (3, 5),
+            (5, 6),  # The only bridge edge
+            (6, 7),
+            (7, 8),
+            (5, 9),
+            (9, 10),
+            # Nontree edges.
+            (1, 3),
+            (1, 4),
+            (2, 5),
+            (5, 10),
+            (6, 8),
+        ]
+        G = nx.Graph(edges)
+        assert nx.has_bridges(G)  # Default root
+        assert nx.has_bridges(G, root=1)  # arbitrary root in G
+
+    def test_has_bridges_raises_root_not_in_G(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            nx.has_bridges(G, root=6)
+
+    def test_multiedge_bridge(self):
+        edges = [
+            (0, 1),
+            (0, 2),
+            (1, 2),
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (3, 4),
+        ]
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.has_bridges(G)
+        # Make every edge a multiedge
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        assert not nx.has_bridges(G)
+
+    def test_bridges_multiple_components(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        nx.add_path(G, [0, 1, 2])  # One connected component
+        nx.add_path(G, [4, 5, 6])  # Another connected component
+        assert list(nx.bridges(G, root=4)) == [(4, 5), (5, 6)]
+
+
+class TestLocalBridges:
+    """Unit tests for the local_bridge function."""
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.BB = nx.barbell_graph(4, 0)
+        cls.square = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        cls.tri = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+
+    def test_nospan(self):
+        expected = {(3, 4), (4, 3)}
+        assert next(nx.local_bridges(self.BB, with_span=False)) in expected
+        assert set(nx.local_bridges(self.square, with_span=False)) == self.square.edges
+        assert list(nx.local_bridges(self.tri, with_span=False)) == []
+
+    def test_no_weight(self):
+        inf = float("inf")
+        expected = {(3, 4, inf), (4, 3, inf)}
+        assert next(nx.local_bridges(self.BB)) in expected
+        expected = {(u, v, 3) for u, v in self.square.edges}
+        assert set(nx.local_bridges(self.square)) == expected
+        assert list(nx.local_bridges(self.tri)) == []
+
+    def test_weight(self):
+        inf = float("inf")
+        G = self.square.copy()
+
+        G.edges[1, 2]["weight"] = 2
+        expected = {(u, v, 5 - wt) for u, v, wt in G.edges(data="weight", default=1)}
+        assert set(nx.local_bridges(G, weight="weight")) == expected
+
+        expected = {(u, v, 6) for u, v in G.edges}
+        lb = nx.local_bridges(G, weight=lambda u, v, d: 2)
+        assert set(lb) == expected

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_broadcasting.py

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+"""Unit tests for the broadcasting module."""
+
+import math
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_example_tree_broadcast():
+    """
+    Test the BROADCAST algorithm on the example in the paper titled: "Information Dissemination in Trees"
+    """
+    edge_list = [
+        (0, 1),
+        (1, 2),
+        (2, 7),
+        (3, 4),
+        (5, 4),
+        (4, 7),
+        (6, 7),
+        (7, 9),
+        (8, 9),
+        (9, 13),
+        (13, 14),
+        (14, 15),
+        (14, 16),
+        (14, 17),
+        (13, 11),
+        (11, 10),
+        (11, 12),
+        (13, 18),
+        (18, 19),
+        (18, 20),
+    ]
+    G = nx.Graph(edge_list)
+    b_T, b_C = nx.tree_broadcast_center(G)
+    assert b_T == 6
+    assert b_C == {13, 9}
+    # test broadcast time from specific vertex
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(G, 17) == 8
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(G, 3) == 9
+    # test broadcast time of entire tree
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(G) == 10
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n", range(2, 12))
+def test_path_broadcast(n):
+    G = nx.path_graph(n)
+    b_T, b_C = nx.tree_broadcast_center(G)
+    assert b_T == math.ceil(n / 2)
+    assert b_C == {
+        math.ceil(n / 2),
+        n // 2,
+        math.ceil(n / 2 - 1),
+        n // 2 - 1,
+    }
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(G) == n - 1
+
+
+def test_empty_graph_broadcast():
+    H = nx.empty_graph(1)
+    b_T, b_C = nx.tree_broadcast_center(H)
+    assert b_T == 0
+    assert b_C == {0}
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(H) == 0
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n", range(4, 12))
+def test_star_broadcast(n):
+    G = nx.star_graph(n)
+    b_T, b_C = nx.tree_broadcast_center(G)
+    assert b_T == n
+    assert b_C == set(G.nodes())
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(G) == b_T
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n", range(2, 8))
+def test_binomial_tree_broadcast(n):
+    G = nx.binomial_tree(n)
+    b_T, b_C = nx.tree_broadcast_center(G)
+    assert b_T == n
+    assert b_C == {0, 2 ** (n - 1)}
+    assert nx.tree_broadcast_time(G) == 2 * n - 1
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fn", [nx.tree_broadcast_center, nx.tree_broadcast_time])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", [nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph])
+def test_raises_graph_type(fn, graph_type):
+    """Check that broadcast functions properly raise for directed and multigraph types."""
+    G = nx.path_graph(5, create_using=graph_type)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match=r"not implemented for"):
+        fn(G)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("fn", [nx.tree_broadcast_center, nx.tree_broadcast_time])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("gen", [nx.empty_graph, nx.cycle_graph])
+def test_raises_not_tree(fn, gen):
+    """Check that broadcast functions properly raise for nontree graphs."""
+    G = gen(5)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NotATree, match=r"not a tree"):
+        fn(G)
+
+
+def test_raises_node_not_in_G():
+    """Check that `tree_broadcast_time` properly raises for invalid nodes."""
+    G = nx.path_graph(5)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound, match=r"node.*not in G"):
+        nx.tree_broadcast_time(G, node=10)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_chains.py

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+"""Unit tests for the chain decomposition functions."""
+
+from itertools import cycle, islice
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def cycles(seq):
+    """Yields cyclic permutations of the given sequence.
+
+    For example::
+
+        >>> list(cycles("abc"))
+        [('a', 'b', 'c'), ('b', 'c', 'a'), ('c', 'a', 'b')]
+
+    """
+    n = len(seq)
+    cycled_seq = cycle(seq)
+    for x in seq:
+        yield tuple(islice(cycled_seq, n))
+        next(cycled_seq)
+
+
+def cyclic_equals(seq1, seq2):
+    """Decide whether two sequences are equal up to cyclic permutations.
+
+    For example::
+
+        >>> cyclic_equals("xyz", "zxy")
+        True
+        >>> cyclic_equals("xyz", "zyx")
+        False
+
+    """
+    # Cast seq2 to a tuple since `cycles()` yields tuples.
+    seq2 = tuple(seq2)
+    return any(x == tuple(seq2) for x in cycles(seq1))
+
+
+class TestChainDecomposition:
+    """Unit tests for the chain decomposition function."""
+
+    def assertContainsChain(self, chain, expected):
+        # A cycle could be expressed in two different orientations, one
+        # forward and one backward, so we need to check for cyclic
+        # equality in both orientations.
+        reversed_chain = list(reversed([tuple(reversed(e)) for e in chain]))
+        for candidate in expected:
+            if cyclic_equals(chain, candidate):
+                break
+            if cyclic_equals(reversed_chain, candidate):
+                break
+        else:
+            self.fail("chain not found")
+
+    def test_decomposition(self):
+        edges = [
+            # DFS tree edges.
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (3, 5),
+            (5, 6),
+            (6, 7),
+            (7, 8),
+            (5, 9),
+            (9, 10),
+            # Nontree edges.
+            (1, 3),
+            (1, 4),
+            (2, 5),
+            (5, 10),
+            (6, 8),
+        ]
+        G = nx.Graph(edges)
+        expected = [
+            [(1, 3), (3, 2), (2, 1)],
+            [(1, 4), (4, 3)],
+            [(2, 5), (5, 3)],
+            [(5, 10), (10, 9), (9, 5)],
+            [(6, 8), (8, 7), (7, 6)],
+        ]
+        chains = list(nx.chain_decomposition(G, root=1))
+        assert len(chains) == len(expected)
+
+    def test_barbell_graph(self):
+        # The (3, 0) barbell graph has two triangles joined by a single edge.
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        chains = list(nx.chain_decomposition(G, root=0))
+        expected = [[(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)], [(3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 3)]]
+        assert len(chains) == len(expected)
+        for chain in chains:
+            self.assertContainsChain(chain, expected)
+
+    def test_disconnected_graph(self):
+        """Test for a graph with multiple connected components."""
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        H = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        mapping = dict(zip(range(6), "abcdef"))
+        nx.relabel_nodes(H, mapping, copy=False)
+        G = nx.union(G, H)
+        chains = list(nx.chain_decomposition(G))
+        expected = [
+            [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)],
+            [(3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 3)],
+            [("a", "b"), ("b", "c"), ("c", "a")],
+            [("d", "e"), ("e", "f"), ("f", "d")],
+        ]
+        assert len(chains) == len(expected)
+        for chain in chains:
+            self.assertContainsChain(chain, expected)
+
+    def test_disconnected_graph_root_node(self):
+        """Test for a single component of a disconnected graph."""
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        H = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        mapping = dict(zip(range(6), "abcdef"))
+        nx.relabel_nodes(H, mapping, copy=False)
+        G = nx.union(G, H)
+        chains = list(nx.chain_decomposition(G, root="a"))
+        expected = [
+            [("a", "b"), ("b", "c"), ("c", "a")],
+            [("d", "e"), ("e", "f"), ("f", "d")],
+        ]
+        assert len(chains) == len(expected)
+        for chain in chains:
+            self.assertContainsChain(chain, expected)
+
+    def test_chain_decomposition_root_not_in_G(self):
+        """Test chain decomposition when root is not in graph"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            nx.has_bridges(G, root=6)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_chordal.py

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestMCS:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        # simple graph
+        connected_chordal_G = nx.Graph()
+        connected_chordal_G.add_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2),
+                (1, 3),
+                (2, 3),
+                (2, 4),
+                (3, 4),
+                (3, 5),
+                (3, 6),
+                (4, 5),
+                (4, 6),
+                (5, 6),
+            ]
+        )
+        cls.connected_chordal_G = connected_chordal_G
+
+        chordal_G = nx.Graph()
+        chordal_G.add_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2),
+                (1, 3),
+                (2, 3),
+                (2, 4),
+                (3, 4),
+                (3, 5),
+                (3, 6),
+                (4, 5),
+                (4, 6),
+                (5, 6),
+                (7, 8),
+            ]
+        )
+        chordal_G.add_node(9)
+        cls.chordal_G = chordal_G
+
+        non_chordal_G = nx.Graph()
+        non_chordal_G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 5)])
+        cls.non_chordal_G = non_chordal_G
+
+        self_loop_G = nx.Graph()
+        self_loop_G.add_edges_from([(1, 1)])
+        cls.self_loop_G = self_loop_G
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("G", (nx.DiGraph(), nx.MultiGraph(), nx.MultiDiGraph()))
+    def test_is_chordal_not_implemented(self, G):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.is_chordal(G)
+
+    def test_is_chordal(self):
+        assert not nx.is_chordal(self.non_chordal_G)
+        assert nx.is_chordal(self.chordal_G)
+        assert nx.is_chordal(self.connected_chordal_G)
+        assert nx.is_chordal(nx.Graph())
+        assert nx.is_chordal(nx.complete_graph(3))
+        assert nx.is_chordal(nx.cycle_graph(3))
+        assert not nx.is_chordal(nx.cycle_graph(5))
+        assert nx.is_chordal(self.self_loop_G)
+
+    def test_induced_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.generators.classic.path_graph(10)
+        Induced_nodes = nx.find_induced_nodes(G, 1, 9, 2)
+        assert Induced_nodes == {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
+        pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXTreewidthBoundExceeded, nx.find_induced_nodes, G, 1, 9, 1
+        )
+        Induced_nodes = nx.find_induced_nodes(self.chordal_G, 1, 6)
+        assert Induced_nodes == {1, 2, 4, 6}
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.find_induced_nodes, self.non_chordal_G, 1, 5)
+
+    def test_graph_treewidth(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="Input graph is not chordal"):
+            nx.chordal_graph_treewidth(self.non_chordal_G)
+
+    def test_chordal_find_cliques(self):
+        cliques = {
+            frozenset([9]),
+            frozenset([7, 8]),
+            frozenset([1, 2, 3]),
+            frozenset([2, 3, 4]),
+            frozenset([3, 4, 5, 6]),
+        }
+        assert set(nx.chordal_graph_cliques(self.chordal_G)) == cliques
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="Input graph is not chordal"):
+            set(nx.chordal_graph_cliques(self.non_chordal_G))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="Input graph is not chordal"):
+            set(nx.chordal_graph_cliques(self.self_loop_G))
+
+    def test_chordal_find_cliques_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10)
+        cliqueset = nx.chordal_graph_cliques(G)
+        for u, v in G.edges():
+            assert frozenset([u, v]) in cliqueset or frozenset([v, u]) in cliqueset
+
+    def test_chordal_find_cliquesCC(self):
+        cliques = {frozenset([1, 2, 3]), frozenset([2, 3, 4]), frozenset([3, 4, 5, 6])}
+        cgc = nx.chordal_graph_cliques
+        assert set(cgc(self.connected_chordal_G)) == cliques
+
+    def test_complete_to_chordal_graph(self):
+        fgrg = nx.fast_gnp_random_graph
+        test_graphs = [
+            nx.barbell_graph(6, 2),
+            nx.cycle_graph(15),
+            nx.wheel_graph(20),
+            nx.grid_graph([10, 4]),
+            nx.ladder_graph(15),
+            nx.star_graph(5),
+            nx.bull_graph(),
+            fgrg(20, 0.3, seed=1),
+        ]
+        for G in test_graphs:
+            H, a = nx.complete_to_chordal_graph(G)
+            assert nx.is_chordal(H)
+            assert len(a) == H.number_of_nodes()
+            if nx.is_chordal(G):
+                assert G.number_of_edges() == H.number_of_edges()
+                assert set(a.values()) == {0}
+            else:
+                assert len(set(a.values())) == H.number_of_nodes()

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_clique.py

@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx import convert_node_labels_to_integers as cnlti
+
+
+class TestCliques:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        z = [3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 4, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        self.G = cnlti(nx.generators.havel_hakimi_graph(z), first_label=1)
+        self.cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G))
+        H = nx.complete_graph(6)
+        H = nx.relabel_nodes(H, {i: i + 1 for i in range(6)})
+        H.remove_edges_from([(2, 6), (2, 5), (2, 4), (1, 3), (5, 3)])
+        self.H = H
+
+    def test_find_cliques1(self):
+        cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G))
+        rcl = nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G)
+        expected = [[2, 6, 1, 3], [2, 6, 4], [5, 4, 7], [8, 9], [10, 11]]
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cl)) == sorted(map(sorted, rcl))
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+
+    def test_selfloops(self):
+        self.G.add_edge(1, 1)
+        cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G))
+        rcl = list(nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G))
+        assert set(map(frozenset, cl)) == set(map(frozenset, rcl))
+        answer = [{2, 6, 1, 3}, {2, 6, 4}, {5, 4, 7}, {8, 9}, {10, 11}]
+        assert len(answer) == len(cl)
+        assert all(set(c) in answer for c in cl)
+
+    def test_find_cliques2(self):
+        hcl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.H))
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, hcl)) == [[1, 2], [1, 4, 5, 6], [2, 3], [3, 4, 6]]
+
+    def test_find_cliques3(self):
+        # all cliques are [[2, 6, 1, 3], [2, 6, 4], [5, 4, 7], [8, 9], [10, 11]]
+
+        cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G, [2]))
+        rcl = nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G, [2])
+        expected = [[2, 6, 1, 3], [2, 6, 4]]
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, rcl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+
+        cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G, [2, 3]))
+        rcl = nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G, [2, 3])
+        expected = [[2, 6, 1, 3]]
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, rcl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+
+        cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G, [2, 6, 4]))
+        rcl = nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G, [2, 6, 4])
+        expected = [[2, 6, 4]]
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, rcl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+
+        cl = list(nx.find_cliques(self.G, [2, 6, 4]))
+        rcl = nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G, [2, 6, 4])
+        expected = [[2, 6, 4]]
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, rcl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cl)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected))
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            list(nx.find_cliques(self.G, [2, 6, 4, 1]))
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            list(nx.find_cliques_recursive(self.G, [2, 6, 4, 1]))
+
+    def test_find_cliques_directed(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        msg = "not implemented for directed"
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match=msg):
+            list(nx.find_cliques(G))
+
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match=msg):
+            list(nx.find_cliques_recursive(G))
+
+    def test_number_of_cliques(self):
+        G = self.G
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, 1) == 1
+        assert list(nx.number_of_cliques(G, [1]).values()) == [1]
+        assert list(nx.number_of_cliques(G, [1, 2]).values()) == [1, 2]
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, [1, 2]) == {1: 1, 2: 2}
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, 2) == 2
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G) == {
+            1: 1,
+            2: 2,
+            3: 1,
+            4: 2,
+            5: 1,
+            6: 2,
+            7: 1,
+            8: 1,
+            9: 1,
+            10: 1,
+            11: 1,
+        }
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, nodes=list(G)) == {
+            1: 1,
+            2: 2,
+            3: 1,
+            4: 2,
+            5: 1,
+            6: 2,
+            7: 1,
+            8: 1,
+            9: 1,
+            10: 1,
+            11: 1,
+        }
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, nodes=[2, 3, 4]) == {2: 2, 3: 1, 4: 2}
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, cliques=self.cl) == {
+            1: 1,
+            2: 2,
+            3: 1,
+            4: 2,
+            5: 1,
+            6: 2,
+            7: 1,
+            8: 1,
+            9: 1,
+            10: 1,
+            11: 1,
+        }
+        assert nx.number_of_cliques(G, list(G), cliques=self.cl) == {
+            1: 1,
+            2: 2,
+            3: 1,
+            4: 2,
+            5: 1,
+            6: 2,
+            7: 1,
+            8: 1,
+            9: 1,
+            10: 1,
+            11: 1,
+        }
+
+    def test_node_clique_number(self):
+        G = self.G
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G, 1) == 4
+        assert list(nx.node_clique_number(G, [1]).values()) == [4]
+        assert list(nx.node_clique_number(G, [1, 2]).values()) == [4, 4]
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G, [1, 2]) == {1: 4, 2: 4}
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G, 1) == 4
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G) == {
+            1: 4,
+            2: 4,
+            3: 4,
+            4: 3,
+            5: 3,
+            6: 4,
+            7: 3,
+            8: 2,
+            9: 2,
+            10: 2,
+            11: 2,
+        }
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G, cliques=self.cl) == {
+            1: 4,
+            2: 4,
+            3: 4,
+            4: 3,
+            5: 3,
+            6: 4,
+            7: 3,
+            8: 2,
+            9: 2,
+            10: 2,
+            11: 2,
+        }
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G, [1, 2], cliques=self.cl) == {1: 4, 2: 4}
+        assert nx.node_clique_number(G, 1, cliques=self.cl) == 4
+
+    def test_make_clique_bipartite(self):
+        G = self.G
+        B = nx.make_clique_bipartite(G)
+        assert sorted(B) == [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]
+        # Project onto the nodes of the original graph.
+        H = nx.projected_graph(B, range(1, 12))
+        assert H.adj == G.adj
+        # Project onto the nodes representing the cliques.
+        H1 = nx.projected_graph(B, range(-5, 0))
+        # Relabel the negative numbers as positive ones.
+        H1 = nx.relabel_nodes(H1, {-v: v for v in range(1, 6)})
+        assert sorted(H1) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+    def test_make_max_clique_graph(self):
+        """Tests that the maximal clique graph is the same as the bipartite
+        clique graph after being projected onto the nodes representing the
+        cliques.
+
+        """
+        G = self.G
+        B = nx.make_clique_bipartite(G)
+        # Project onto the nodes representing the cliques.
+        H1 = nx.projected_graph(B, range(-5, 0))
+        # Relabel the negative numbers as nonnegative ones, starting at
+        # 0.
+        H1 = nx.relabel_nodes(H1, {-v: v - 1 for v in range(1, 6)})
+        H2 = nx.make_max_clique_graph(G)
+        assert H1.adj == H2.adj
+
+    def test_directed(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            next(nx.find_cliques(nx.DiGraph()))
+
+    def test_find_cliques_trivial(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert sorted(nx.find_cliques(G)) == []
+        assert sorted(nx.find_cliques_recursive(G)) == []
+
+    def test_make_max_clique_graph_create_using(self):
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (3, 1), (4, 1), (5, 6)])
+        E = nx.Graph([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2)])
+        E.add_node(3)
+        assert nx.is_isomorphic(nx.make_max_clique_graph(G, create_using=nx.Graph), E)
+
+
+class TestEnumerateAllCliques:
+    def test_paper_figure_4(self):
+        # Same graph as given in Fig. 4 of paper enumerate_all_cliques is
+        # based on.
+        # http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1559964&isnumber=33129
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        edges_fig_4 = [
+            ("a", "b"),
+            ("a", "c"),
+            ("a", "d"),
+            ("a", "e"),
+            ("b", "c"),
+            ("b", "d"),
+            ("b", "e"),
+            ("c", "d"),
+            ("c", "e"),
+            ("d", "e"),
+            ("f", "b"),
+            ("f", "c"),
+            ("f", "g"),
+            ("g", "f"),
+            ("g", "c"),
+            ("g", "d"),
+            ("g", "e"),
+        ]
+        G.add_edges_from(edges_fig_4)
+
+        cliques = list(nx.enumerate_all_cliques(G))
+        clique_sizes = list(map(len, cliques))
+        assert sorted(clique_sizes) == clique_sizes
+
+        expected_cliques = [
+            ["a"],
+            ["b"],
+            ["c"],
+            ["d"],
+            ["e"],
+            ["f"],
+            ["g"],
+            ["a", "b"],
+            ["a", "b", "d"],
+            ["a", "b", "d", "e"],
+            ["a", "b", "e"],
+            ["a", "c"],
+            ["a", "c", "d"],
+            ["a", "c", "d", "e"],
+            ["a", "c", "e"],
+            ["a", "d"],
+            ["a", "d", "e"],
+            ["a", "e"],
+            ["b", "c"],
+            ["b", "c", "d"],
+            ["b", "c", "d", "e"],
+            ["b", "c", "e"],
+            ["b", "c", "f"],
+            ["b", "d"],
+            ["b", "d", "e"],
+            ["b", "e"],
+            ["b", "f"],
+            ["c", "d"],
+            ["c", "d", "e"],
+            ["c", "d", "e", "g"],
+            ["c", "d", "g"],
+            ["c", "e"],
+            ["c", "e", "g"],
+            ["c", "f"],
+            ["c", "f", "g"],
+            ["c", "g"],
+            ["d", "e"],
+            ["d", "e", "g"],
+            ["d", "g"],
+            ["e", "g"],
+            ["f", "g"],
+            ["a", "b", "c"],
+            ["a", "b", "c", "d"],
+            ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"],
+            ["a", "b", "c", "e"],
+        ]
+
+        assert sorted(map(sorted, cliques)) == sorted(map(sorted, expected_cliques))

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_cluster.py

@@ -0,0 +1,678 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_square_clustering_adjacent_squares():
+    G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6)])
+    # Corner nodes: C_4 == 0.5, central face nodes: C_4 = 1 / 3
+    expected = {1: 0.5, 2: 0.5, 3: 1 / 3, 4: 1 / 3, 5: 0.5, 6: 0.5}
+    assert nx.square_clustering(G) == expected
+
+
+def test_square_clustering_2d_grid():
+    G = nx.grid_2d_graph(3, 3)
+    # Central node: 4 squares out of 20 potential
+    expected = {
+        (0, 0): 1 / 3,
+        (0, 1): 0.25,
+        (0, 2): 1 / 3,
+        (1, 0): 0.25,
+        (1, 1): 0.2,
+        (1, 2): 0.25,
+        (2, 0): 1 / 3,
+        (2, 1): 0.25,
+        (2, 2): 1 / 3,
+    }
+    assert nx.square_clustering(G) == expected
+
+
+def test_square_clustering_multiple_squares_non_complete():
+    """An example where all nodes are part of all squares, but not every node
+    is connected to every other."""
+    G = nx.Graph([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (1, 4), (2, 4), (1, 5), (2, 5)])
+    expected = {n: 1 for n in G}
+    assert nx.square_clustering(G) == expected
+
+
+class TestTriangles:
+    def test_empty(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G).values()) == []
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10)
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G).values()) == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+        assert nx.triangles(G) == {
+            0: 0,
+            1: 0,
+            2: 0,
+            3: 0,
+            4: 0,
+            5: 0,
+            6: 0,
+            7: 0,
+            8: 0,
+            9: 0,
+        }
+
+    def test_cubical(self):
+        G = nx.cubical_graph()
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G).values()) == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+        assert nx.triangles(G, 1) == 0
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G, [1, 2]).values()) == [0, 0]
+        assert nx.triangles(G, 1) == 0
+        assert nx.triangles(G, [1, 2]) == {1: 0, 2: 0}
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G).values()) == [6, 6, 6, 6, 6]
+        assert sum(nx.triangles(G).values()) / 3 == 10
+        assert nx.triangles(G, 1) == 6
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G).values()) == [5, 3, 3, 5, 5]
+        assert nx.triangles(G, 1) == 3
+        G.add_edge(3, 3)  # ignore self-edges
+        assert list(nx.triangles(G).values()) == [5, 3, 3, 5, 5]
+        assert nx.triangles(G, 3) == 5
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_non_integer_nodes():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            ("a", "b"),
+            ("b", "c"),
+            ("c", "a"),  # triangle: a-b-c
+        ]
+    )
+    expected = {frozenset({"a", "b", "c"})}
+    assert {frozenset(t) for t in nx.all_triangles(G)} == expected
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_overlapping():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 0),  # triangle: 0-1-2
+            (0, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 0),  # triangle: 0-2-3
+        ]
+    )
+    expected = {frozenset({0, 1, 2}), frozenset({0, 2, 3})}
+    assert {frozenset(t) for t in nx.all_triangles(G)} == expected
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_subset():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 0),  # triangle: 0-1-2
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (4, 2),  # triangle: 2-3-4
+        ]
+    )
+    assert {frozenset(t) for t in nx.all_triangles(G, nbunch=[0, 1])} == {
+        frozenset({0, 1, 2})
+    }
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_subset_empty():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            (0, 1),
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 0),  # triangle: 0-1-2
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (4, 2),  # triangle: 2-3-4
+            (5, 2),
+        ]
+    )
+    assert list(nx.all_triangles(G, nbunch=[5])) == []
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_no_triangles():
+    G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    assert list(nx.all_triangles(G)) == []
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_complete_graph_exact():
+    G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+
+    expected = {
+        frozenset({0, 1, 2}),
+        frozenset({0, 1, 3}),
+        frozenset({0, 2, 3}),
+        frozenset({1, 2, 3}),
+    }
+
+    assert {frozenset(t) for t in nx.all_triangles(G)} == expected
+
+
+def test_all_triangles_directed_graph():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)])
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+        list(nx.all_triangles(G))
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", [nx.Graph, nx.MultiGraph])
+def test_all_triangles_multiedges(graph_type):
+    G = graph_type()
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2)])
+    assert {frozenset(t) for t in nx.all_triangles(G)} == {frozenset({0, 1, 2})}
+
+
+class TestDirectedClustering:
+    def test_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == []
+        assert nx.clustering(G) == {}
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G) == {
+            0: 0,
+            1: 0,
+            2: 0,
+            3: 0,
+            4: 0,
+            5: 0,
+            6: 0,
+            7: 0,
+            8: 0,
+            9: 0,
+        }
+        assert nx.clustering(G, 0) == 0
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G) == 1
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [
+            11 / 12,
+            1,
+            1,
+            11 / 12,
+            11 / 12,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 4]) == {1: 1, 4: 11 / 12}
+        G.remove_edge(2, 1)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [
+            5 / 6,
+            1,
+            1,
+            5 / 6,
+            5 / 6,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 4]) == {1: 1, 4: 0.83333333333333337}
+        assert nx.clustering(G, 4) == 5 / 6
+
+    def test_triangle_and_edge(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        G.add_edge(0, 4)
+        assert nx.clustering(G)[0] == 1 / 6
+
+
+class TestDirectedWeightedClustering:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global np
+        np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    def test_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == []
+        assert nx.clustering(G) == {}
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, weight="weight") == {
+            0: 0,
+            1: 0,
+            2: 0,
+            3: 0,
+            4: 0,
+            5: 0,
+            6: 0,
+            7: 0,
+            8: 0,
+            9: 0,
+        }
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, weight="weight") == 1
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            11 / 12,
+            1,
+            1,
+            11 / 12,
+            11 / 12,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 4], weight="weight") == {1: 1, 4: 11 / 12}
+        G.remove_edge(2, 1)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            5 / 6,
+            1,
+            1,
+            5 / 6,
+            5 / 6,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 4], weight="weight") == {
+            1: 1,
+            4: 0.83333333333333337,
+        }
+
+    def test_triangle_and_edge(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        G.add_edge(0, 4, weight=2)
+        assert nx.clustering(G)[0] == 1 / 6
+        # Relaxed comparisons to allow graphblas-algorithms to pass tests
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight")[0], 1 / 12)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(nx.clustering(G, 0, weight="weight"), 1 / 12)
+
+
+class TestWeightedClustering:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global np
+        np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    def test_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == []
+        assert nx.clustering(G) == {}
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, weight="weight") == {
+            0: 0,
+            1: 0,
+            2: 0,
+            3: 0,
+            4: 0,
+            5: 0,
+            6: 0,
+            7: 0,
+            8: 0,
+            9: 0,
+        }
+
+    def test_cubical(self):
+        G = nx.cubical_graph()
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, 1) == 0
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, [1, 2], weight="weight").values()) == [0, 0]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, 1, weight="weight") == 0
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 2], weight="weight") == {1: 0, 2: 0}
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, weight="weight") == 1
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            5 / 6,
+            1,
+            1,
+            5 / 6,
+            5 / 6,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 4], weight="weight") == {
+            1: 1,
+            4: 0.83333333333333337,
+        }
+
+    def test_triangle_and_edge(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 4, weight=2)
+        assert nx.clustering(G)[0] == 1 / 3
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight")[0], 1 / 6)
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(nx.clustering(G, 0, weight="weight"), 1 / 6)
+
+    def test_triangle_and_signed_edge(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 1, weight=-1)
+        G.add_edge(3, 0, weight=0)
+        assert nx.clustering(G)[0] == 1 / 3
+        assert nx.clustering(G, weight="weight")[0] == -1 / 3
+
+
+class TestClustering:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    def test_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == []
+        assert nx.clustering(G) == {}
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G) == {
+            0: 0,
+            1: 0,
+            2: 0,
+            3: 0,
+            4: 0,
+            5: 0,
+            6: 0,
+            7: 0,
+            8: 0,
+            9: 0,
+        }
+
+    def test_cubical(self):
+        G = nx.cubical_graph()
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, 1) == 0
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, [1, 2]).values()) == [0, 0]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, 1) == 0
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 2]) == {1: 0, 2: 0}
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G) == 1
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [
+            5 / 6,
+            1,
+            1,
+            5 / 6,
+            5 / 6,
+        ]
+        assert nx.clustering(G, [1, 4]) == {1: 1, 4: 0.83333333333333337}
+
+    def test_k5_signed(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G).values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G) == 1
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(0, 1, weight=-1)
+        assert list(nx.clustering(G, weight="weight").values()) == [
+            1 / 6,
+            -1 / 3,
+            1,
+            3 / 6,
+            3 / 6,
+        ]
+
+
+class TestTransitivity:
+    def test_transitivity(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert nx.transitivity(G) == 0
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10)
+        assert nx.transitivity(G) == 0
+
+    def test_cubical(self):
+        G = nx.cubical_graph()
+        assert nx.transitivity(G) == 0
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert nx.transitivity(G) == 1
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        assert nx.transitivity(G) == 0.875
+
+
+class TestSquareClustering:
+    def test_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert list(nx.square_clustering(G).values()) == []
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G) == {}
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(10)
+        assert list(nx.square_clustering(G).values()) == [
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+            0,
+        ]
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G) == {
+            0: 0,
+            1: 0,
+            2: 0,
+            3: 0,
+            4: 0,
+            5: 0,
+            6: 0,
+            7: 0,
+            8: 0,
+            9: 0,
+        }
+
+    def test_cubical(self):
+        G = nx.cubical_graph()
+        assert list(nx.square_clustering(G).values()) == [
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+            1 / 3,
+        ]
+        assert list(nx.square_clustering(G, [1, 2]).values()) == [1 / 3, 1 / 3]
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G, [1])[1] == 1 / 3
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G, 1) == 1 / 3
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G, [1, 2]) == {1: 1 / 3, 2: 1 / 3}
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert list(nx.square_clustering(G).values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+
+    def test_bipartite_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(5, 5)
+        assert list(nx.square_clustering(G).values()) == [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]
+
+    def test_lind_square_clustering(self):
+        """Test C4 for figure 1 Lind et al (2005)"""
+        G = nx.Graph(
+            [
+                (1, 2),
+                (1, 3),
+                (1, 6),
+                (1, 7),
+                (2, 4),
+                (2, 5),
+                (3, 4),
+                (3, 5),
+                (6, 7),
+                (7, 8),
+                (6, 8),
+                (7, 9),
+                (7, 10),
+                (6, 11),
+                (6, 12),
+                (2, 13),
+                (2, 14),
+                (3, 15),
+                (3, 16),
+            ]
+        )
+        G1 = G.subgraph([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13, 14, 15, 16])
+        G2 = G.subgraph([1, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G, [1])[1] == 3 / 43
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G1, [1])[1] == 2 / 6
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G2, [1])[1] == 1 / 5
+
+    def test_peng_square_clustering(self):
+        """Test eq2 for figure 1 Peng et al (2008)"""
+        # Example graph from figure 1b
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)])
+        # From table 1, row 2
+        expected = {1: 1 / 3, 2: 1, 3: 0.2, 4: 1 / 3, 5: 0, 6: 0}
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G) == expected
+
+    def test_self_loops_square_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(5)
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G) == {0: 0, 1: 0, 2: 0, 3: 0, 4: 0}
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2)])
+        assert nx.square_clustering(G) == {0: 0, 1: 0, 2: 0, 3: 0, 4: 0}
+
+
+class TestAverageClustering:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            nx.average_clustering(G)
+
+    def test_average_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G) == (1 + 1 + 1 / 3) / 4
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, count_zeros=True) == (1 + 1 + 1 / 3) / 4
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, count_zeros=False) == (1 + 1 + 1 / 3) / 3
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, [1, 2, 3]) == (1 + 1 / 3) / 3
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, [1, 2, 3], count_zeros=True) == (1 + 1 / 3) / 3
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, [1, 2, 3], count_zeros=False) == (1 + 1 / 3) / 2
+
+    def test_average_clustering_signed(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 1, weight=-1)
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, weight="weight") == (-1 - 1 - 1 / 3) / 4
+        assert (
+            nx.average_clustering(G, weight="weight", count_zeros=True)
+            == (-1 - 1 - 1 / 3) / 4
+        )
+        assert (
+            nx.average_clustering(G, weight="weight", count_zeros=False)
+            == (-1 - 1 - 1 / 3) / 3
+        )
+
+
+class TestDirectedAverageClustering:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            nx.average_clustering(G)
+
+    def test_average_clustering(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G) == (1 + 1 + 1 / 3) / 8
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, count_zeros=True) == (1 + 1 + 1 / 3) / 8
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, count_zeros=False) == (1 + 1 + 1 / 3) / 6
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, [1, 2, 3]) == (1 + 1 / 3) / 6
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, [1, 2, 3], count_zeros=True) == (1 + 1 / 3) / 6
+        assert nx.average_clustering(G, [1, 2, 3], count_zeros=False) == (1 + 1 / 3) / 4
+
+
+class TestGeneralizedDegree:
+    def test_generalized_degree(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G) == {}
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(5)
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G, 0) == {0: 1}
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G, 1) == {0: 2}
+
+    def test_cubical(self):
+        G = nx.cubical_graph()
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G, 0) == {0: 3}
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G, 0) == {3: 4}
+        G.remove_edge(0, 1)
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G, 0) == {2: 3}
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G, [1, 2]) == {1: {2: 3}, 2: {2: 2, 3: 2}}
+        assert nx.generalized_degree(G) == {
+            0: {2: 3},
+            1: {2: 3},
+            2: {2: 2, 3: 2},
+            3: {2: 2, 3: 2},
+            4: {2: 2, 3: 2},
+        }

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_communicability.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+import pytest
+
+pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.algorithms.communicability_alg import communicability, communicability_exp
+
+
+class TestCommunicability:
+    def test_communicability(self):
+        answer = {
+            0: {0: 1.5430806348152435, 1: 1.1752011936438012},
+            1: {0: 1.1752011936438012, 1: 1.5430806348152435},
+        }
+        #        answer={(0, 0): 1.5430806348152435,
+        #                (0, 1): 1.1752011936438012,
+        #                (1, 0): 1.1752011936438012,
+        #                (1, 1): 1.5430806348152435}
+
+        result = communicability(nx.path_graph(2))
+        for k1, val in result.items():
+            for k2 in val:
+                assert answer[k1][k2] == pytest.approx(result[k1][k2], abs=1e-7)
+
+    def test_communicability2(self):
+        answer_orig = {
+            ("1", "1"): 1.6445956054135658,
+            ("1", "Albert"): 0.7430186221096251,
+            ("1", "Aric"): 0.7430186221096251,
+            ("1", "Dan"): 1.6208126320442937,
+            ("1", "Franck"): 0.42639707170035257,
+            ("Albert", "1"): 0.7430186221096251,
+            ("Albert", "Albert"): 2.4368257358712189,
+            ("Albert", "Aric"): 1.4368257358712191,
+            ("Albert", "Dan"): 2.0472097037446453,
+            ("Albert", "Franck"): 1.8340111678944691,
+            ("Aric", "1"): 0.7430186221096251,
+            ("Aric", "Albert"): 1.4368257358712191,
+            ("Aric", "Aric"): 2.4368257358712193,
+            ("Aric", "Dan"): 2.0472097037446457,
+            ("Aric", "Franck"): 1.8340111678944691,
+            ("Dan", "1"): 1.6208126320442937,
+            ("Dan", "Albert"): 2.0472097037446453,
+            ("Dan", "Aric"): 2.0472097037446457,
+            ("Dan", "Dan"): 3.1306328496328168,
+            ("Dan", "Franck"): 1.4860372442192515,
+            ("Franck", "1"): 0.42639707170035257,
+            ("Franck", "Albert"): 1.8340111678944691,
+            ("Franck", "Aric"): 1.8340111678944691,
+            ("Franck", "Dan"): 1.4860372442192515,
+            ("Franck", "Franck"): 2.3876142275231915,
+        }
+
+        answer = defaultdict(dict)
+        for (k1, k2), v in answer_orig.items():
+            answer[k1][k2] = v
+
+        G1 = nx.Graph(
+            [
+                ("Franck", "Aric"),
+                ("Aric", "Dan"),
+                ("Dan", "Albert"),
+                ("Albert", "Franck"),
+                ("Dan", "1"),
+                ("Franck", "Albert"),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        result = communicability(G1)
+        for k1, val in result.items():
+            for k2 in val:
+                assert answer[k1][k2] == pytest.approx(result[k1][k2], abs=1e-7)
+
+        result = communicability_exp(G1)
+        for k1, val in result.items():
+            for k2 in val:
+                assert answer[k1][k2] == pytest.approx(result[k1][k2], abs=1e-7)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_core.py

@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.utils import nodes_equal
+
+
+class TestCore:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        # G is the example graph in Figure 1 from Batagelj and
+        # Zaversnik's paper titled An O(m) Algorithm for Cores
+        # Decomposition of Networks, 2003,
+        # http://arXiv.org/abs/cs/0310049.  With nodes labeled as
+        # shown, the 3-core is given by nodes 1-8, the 2-core by nodes
+        # 9-16, the 1-core by nodes 17-20 and node 21 is in the
+        # 0-core.
+        t1 = nx.convert_node_labels_to_integers(nx.tetrahedral_graph(), 1)
+        t2 = nx.convert_node_labels_to_integers(t1, 5)
+        G = nx.union(t1, t2)
+        G.add_edges_from(
+            [
+                (3, 7),
+                (2, 11),
+                (11, 5),
+                (11, 12),
+                (5, 12),
+                (12, 19),
+                (12, 18),
+                (3, 9),
+                (7, 9),
+                (7, 10),
+                (9, 10),
+                (9, 20),
+                (17, 13),
+                (13, 14),
+                (14, 15),
+                (15, 16),
+                (16, 13),
+            ]
+        )
+        G.add_node(21)
+        cls.G = G
+
+        # Create the graph H resulting from the degree sequence
+        # [0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3] when using the Havel-Hakimi algorithm.
+
+        degseq = [0, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3]
+        H = nx.havel_hakimi_graph(degseq)
+        mapping = {6: 0, 0: 1, 4: 3, 5: 6, 3: 4, 1: 2, 2: 5}
+        cls.H = nx.relabel_nodes(H, mapping)
+
+    def test_trivial(self):
+        """Empty graph"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert nx.core_number(G) == {}
+
+    def test_core_number(self):
+        core = nx.core_number(self.G)
+        nodes_by_core = [sorted(n for n in core if core[n] == val) for val in range(4)]
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[0], [21])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[1], [17, 18, 19, 20])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[2], [9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[3], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+
+    def test_core_number2(self):
+        core = nx.core_number(self.H)
+        nodes_by_core = [sorted(n for n in core if core[n] == val) for val in range(3)]
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[0], [0])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[1], [1, 3])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_core[2], [2, 4, 5, 6])
+
+    def test_core_number_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(G)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="not implemented for multigraph type"
+        ):
+            nx.core_number(G)
+
+    def test_core_number_self_loop(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="Input graph has self loops"
+        ):
+            nx.core_number(G)
+
+    def test_directed_core_number(self):
+        """core number had a bug for directed graphs found in issue #1959"""
+        # small example where too timid edge removal can make cn[2] = 3
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 3)]
+        G.add_edges_from(edges)
+        assert nx.core_number(G) == {1: 2, 2: 2, 3: 2, 4: 2}
+        # small example where too aggressive edge removal can make cn[2] = 2
+        more_edges = [(1, 5), (3, 5), (4, 5), (3, 6), (4, 6), (5, 6)]
+        G.add_edges_from(more_edges)
+        assert nx.core_number(G) == {1: 3, 2: 3, 3: 3, 4: 3, 5: 3, 6: 3}
+
+    def test_main_core(self):
+        main_core_subgraph = nx.k_core(self.H)
+        assert sorted(main_core_subgraph.nodes()) == [2, 4, 5, 6]
+
+    def test_k_core(self):
+        # k=0
+        k_core_subgraph = nx.k_core(self.H, k=0)
+        assert sorted(k_core_subgraph.nodes()) == sorted(self.H.nodes())
+        # k=1
+        k_core_subgraph = nx.k_core(self.H, k=1)
+        assert sorted(k_core_subgraph.nodes()) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        # k = 2
+        k_core_subgraph = nx.k_core(self.H, k=2)
+        assert sorted(k_core_subgraph.nodes()) == [2, 4, 5, 6]
+
+    def test_k_core_multigraph(self):
+        core_number = nx.core_number(self.H)
+        H = nx.MultiGraph(self.H)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.k_core(H, k=0, core_number=core_number)
+
+    def test_main_crust(self):
+        main_crust_subgraph = nx.k_crust(self.H)
+        assert sorted(main_crust_subgraph.nodes()) == [0, 1, 3]
+
+    def test_k_crust(self):
+        # k = 0
+        k_crust_subgraph = nx.k_crust(self.H, k=2)
+        assert sorted(k_crust_subgraph.nodes()) == sorted(self.H.nodes())
+        # k=1
+        k_crust_subgraph = nx.k_crust(self.H, k=1)
+        assert sorted(k_crust_subgraph.nodes()) == [0, 1, 3]
+        # k=2
+        k_crust_subgraph = nx.k_crust(self.H, k=0)
+        assert sorted(k_crust_subgraph.nodes()) == [0]
+
+    def test_k_crust_multigraph(self):
+        core_number = nx.core_number(self.H)
+        H = nx.MultiGraph(self.H)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.k_crust(H, k=0, core_number=core_number)
+
+    def test_main_shell(self):
+        main_shell_subgraph = nx.k_shell(self.H)
+        assert sorted(main_shell_subgraph.nodes()) == [2, 4, 5, 6]
+
+    def test_k_shell(self):
+        # k=0
+        k_shell_subgraph = nx.k_shell(self.H, k=2)
+        assert sorted(k_shell_subgraph.nodes()) == [2, 4, 5, 6]
+        # k=1
+        k_shell_subgraph = nx.k_shell(self.H, k=1)
+        assert sorted(k_shell_subgraph.nodes()) == [1, 3]
+        # k=2
+        k_shell_subgraph = nx.k_shell(self.H, k=0)
+        assert sorted(k_shell_subgraph.nodes()) == [0]
+
+    def test_k_shell_multigraph(self):
+        core_number = nx.core_number(self.H)
+        H = nx.MultiGraph(self.H)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.k_shell(H, k=0, core_number=core_number)
+
+    def test_k_corona(self):
+        # k=0
+        k_corona_subgraph = nx.k_corona(self.H, k=2)
+        assert sorted(k_corona_subgraph.nodes()) == [2, 4, 5, 6]
+        # k=1
+        k_corona_subgraph = nx.k_corona(self.H, k=1)
+        assert sorted(k_corona_subgraph.nodes()) == [1]
+        # k=2
+        k_corona_subgraph = nx.k_corona(self.H, k=0)
+        assert sorted(k_corona_subgraph.nodes()) == [0]
+
+    def test_k_corona_multigraph(self):
+        core_number = nx.core_number(self.H)
+        H = nx.MultiGraph(self.H)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.k_corona(H, k=0, core_number=core_number)
+
+    def test_k_truss(self):
+        # k=-1
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, -1)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == list(range(1, 21))
+        # k=0
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, 0)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == list(range(1, 21))
+        # k=1
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, 1)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == list(range(1, 21))
+        # k=2
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, 2)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == list(range(1, 21))
+        # k=3
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, 3)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == list(range(1, 13))
+
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, 4)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == list(range(1, 9))
+
+        k_truss_subgraph = nx.k_truss(self.G, 5)
+        assert sorted(k_truss_subgraph.nodes()) == []
+
+    def test_k_truss_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G = nx.DiGraph(G)
+        G.add_edge(2, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="not implemented for directed type"
+        ):
+            nx.k_truss(G, k=1)
+
+    def test_k_truss_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(G)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="not implemented for multigraph type"
+        ):
+            nx.k_truss(G, k=1)
+
+    def test_k_truss_self_loop(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="Input graph has self loops"
+        ):
+            nx.k_truss(G, k=1)
+
+    def test_onion_layers(self):
+        layers = nx.onion_layers(self.G)
+        nodes_by_layer = [
+            sorted(n for n in layers if layers[n] == val) for val in range(1, 7)
+        ]
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_layer[0], [21])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_layer[1], [17, 18, 19, 20])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_layer[2], [10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_layer[3], [9, 11])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_layer[4], [1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8])
+        assert nodes_equal(nodes_by_layer[5], [3, 7])
+
+    def test_onion_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G = nx.DiGraph(G)
+        G.add_edge(2, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="not implemented for directed type"
+        ):
+            nx.onion_layers(G)
+
+    def test_onion_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(G)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="not implemented for multigraph type"
+        ):
+            nx.onion_layers(G)
+
+    def test_onion_self_loop(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="Input graph contains self loops"
+        ):
+            nx.onion_layers(G)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_covering.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestMinEdgeCover:
+    """Tests for :func:`networkx.algorithms.min_edge_cover`"""
+
+    def test_empty_graph(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert nx.min_edge_cover(G) == set()
+
+    def test_graph_with_loop(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        assert nx.min_edge_cover(G) == {(0, 0)}
+
+    def test_graph_with_isolated_v(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_node(1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXException,
+            match="Graph has a node with no edge incident on it, so no edge cover exists.",
+        ):
+            nx.min_edge_cover(G)
+
+    def test_graph_single_edge(self):
+        G = nx.Graph([(0, 1)])
+        assert nx.min_edge_cover(G) in ({(0, 1)}, {(1, 0)})
+
+    def test_graph_two_edge_path(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        min_cover = nx.min_edge_cover(G)
+        assert len(min_cover) == 2
+        for u, v in G.edges:
+            assert (u, v) in min_cover or (v, u) in min_cover
+
+    def test_bipartite_explicit(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3, 4], bipartite=0)
+        G.add_nodes_from(["a", "b", "c"], bipartite=1)
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, "a"), (1, "b"), (2, "b"), (2, "c"), (3, "c"), (4, "a")])
+        # Use bipartite method by prescribing the algorithm
+        min_cover = nx.min_edge_cover(
+            G, nx.algorithms.bipartite.matching.eppstein_matching
+        )
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, min_cover)
+        assert len(min_cover) == 8
+        # Use the default method which is not specialized for bipartite
+        min_cover2 = nx.min_edge_cover(G)
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, min_cover2)
+        assert len(min_cover2) == 4
+
+    def test_complete_graph_even(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(10)
+        min_cover = nx.min_edge_cover(G)
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, min_cover)
+        assert len(min_cover) == 5
+
+    def test_complete_graph_odd(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(11)
+        min_cover = nx.min_edge_cover(G)
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, min_cover)
+        assert len(min_cover) == 6
+
+
+class TestIsEdgeCover:
+    """Tests for :func:`networkx.algorithms.is_edge_cover`"""
+
+    def test_empty_graph(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, set())
+
+    def test_graph_with_loop(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 1)
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, {(1, 1)})
+
+    def test_graph_single_edge(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 1)
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, {(0, 0), (1, 1)})
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, {(0, 1), (1, 0)})
+        assert nx.is_edge_cover(G, {(0, 1)})
+        assert not nx.is_edge_cover(G, {(0, 0)})

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_cuts.py

@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+"""Unit tests for the :mod:`networkx.algorithms.cuts` module."""
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestCutSize:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.cut_size` function."""
+
+    def test_symmetric(self):
+        """Tests that the cut size is symmetric."""
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        S = {0, 1, 4}
+        T = {2, 3, 5}
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, S, T) == 4
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, T, S) == 4
+
+    def test_single_edge(self):
+        """Tests for a cut of a single edge."""
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        S = {0, 1, 2}
+        T = {3, 4, 5}
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, S, T) == 1
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, T, S) == 1
+
+    def test_directed(self):
+        """Tests that each directed edge is counted once in the cut."""
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0).to_directed()
+        S = {0, 1, 2}
+        T = {3, 4, 5}
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, S, T) == 2
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, T, S) == 2
+
+    def test_directed_symmetric(self):
+        """Tests that a cut in a directed graph is symmetric."""
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0).to_directed()
+        S = {0, 1, 4}
+        T = {2, 3, 5}
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, S, T) == 8
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, T, S) == 8
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        """Tests that parallel edges are each counted for a cut."""
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(["ab", "ab"])
+        assert nx.cut_size(G, {"a"}, {"b"}) == 2
+
+
+class TestVolume:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.volume` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        assert nx.volume(G, {0, 1}) == 4
+
+    def test_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0)])
+        assert nx.volume(G, {0, 1}) == 2
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        edges = list(nx.cycle_graph(4).edges())
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(edges * 2)
+        assert nx.volume(G, {0, 1}) == 8
+
+    def test_multidigraph(self):
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0)]
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(edges * 2)
+        assert nx.volume(G, {0, 1}) == 4
+
+    def test_barbell(self):
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        assert nx.volume(G, {0, 1, 2}) == 7
+        assert nx.volume(G, {3, 4, 5}) == 7
+
+
+class TestNormalizedCutSize:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.normalized_cut_size` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        S = {1, 2}
+        T = set(G) - S
+        size = nx.normalized_cut_size(G, S, T)
+        # The cut looks like this: o-{-o--o-}-o
+        expected = 2 * ((1 / 4) + (1 / 2))
+        assert expected == size
+        # Test with no input T
+        assert expected == nx.normalized_cut_size(G, S)
+
+    def test_directed(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)])
+        S = {1, 2}
+        T = set(G) - S
+        size = nx.normalized_cut_size(G, S, T)
+        # The cut looks like this: o-{->o-->o-}->o
+        expected = 2 * ((1 / 2) + (1 / 1))
+        assert expected == size
+        # Test with no input T
+        assert expected == nx.normalized_cut_size(G, S)
+
+
+class TestConductance:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.conductance` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(5, 0)
+        # Consider the singleton sets containing the "bridge" nodes.
+        # There is only one cut edge, and each set has volume five.
+        S = {4}
+        T = {5}
+        conductance = nx.conductance(G, S, T)
+        expected = 1 / 5
+        assert expected == conductance
+        # Test with no input T
+        G2 = nx.barbell_graph(3, 0)
+        # There is only one cut edge, and each set has volume seven.
+        S2 = {0, 1, 2}
+        assert nx.conductance(G2, S2) == 1 / 7
+
+
+class TestEdgeExpansion:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.edge_expansion` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(5, 0)
+        S = set(range(5))
+        T = set(G) - S
+        expansion = nx.edge_expansion(G, S, T)
+        expected = 1 / 5
+        assert expected == expansion
+        # Test with no input T
+        assert expected == nx.edge_expansion(G, S)
+
+
+class TestNodeExpansion:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.node_expansion` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(8)
+        S = {3, 4, 5}
+        expansion = nx.node_expansion(G, S)
+        # The neighborhood of S has cardinality five, and S has
+        # cardinality three.
+        expected = 5 / 3
+        assert expected == expansion
+
+
+class TestBoundaryExpansion:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.boundary_expansion` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(10)
+        S = set(range(4))
+        expansion = nx.boundary_expansion(G, S)
+        # The node boundary of S has cardinality six, and S has
+        # cardinality three.
+        expected = 6 / 4
+        assert expected == expansion
+
+
+class TestMixingExpansion:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.mixing_expansion` function."""
+
+    def test_graph(self):
+        G = nx.barbell_graph(5, 0)
+        S = set(range(5))
+        T = set(G) - S
+        expansion = nx.mixing_expansion(G, S, T)
+        # There is one cut edge, and the total number of edges in the
+        # graph is twice the total number of edges in a clique of size
+        # five, plus one more for the bridge.
+        expected = 1 / (2 * (5 * 4 + 1))
+        assert expected == expansion

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_cycles.py

@@ -0,0 +1,984 @@
+import random
+from itertools import chain, islice, tee
+from math import inf
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.algorithms.traversal.edgedfs import FORWARD, REVERSE
+
+
+def check_independent(basis):
+    if len(basis) == 0:
+        return
+
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    sp = pytest.importorskip("scipy")  # Required by incidence_matrix
+
+    H = nx.Graph()
+    for b in basis:
+        nx.add_cycle(H, b)
+    inc = nx.incidence_matrix(H, oriented=True)
+    rank = np.linalg.matrix_rank(inc.toarray(), tol=None, hermitian=False)
+    assert inc.shape[1] - rank == len(basis)
+
+
+class TestCycles:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 3, 4, 5])
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 6, 7, 8])
+        G.add_edge(8, 9)
+        cls.G = G
+
+    def is_cyclic_permutation(self, a, b):
+        n = len(a)
+        if len(b) != n:
+            return False
+        l = a + a
+        return any(l[i : i + n] == b for i in range(n))
+
+    def test_cycle_basis(self):
+        G = self.G
+        cy = nx.cycle_basis(G, 0)
+        sort_cy = sorted(sorted(c) for c in cy)
+        assert sort_cy == [[0, 1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 6, 7, 8], [0, 3, 4, 5]]
+        cy = nx.cycle_basis(G, 1)
+        sort_cy = sorted(sorted(c) for c in cy)
+        assert sort_cy == [[0, 1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 6, 7, 8], [0, 3, 4, 5]]
+        cy = nx.cycle_basis(G, 9)
+        sort_cy = sorted(sorted(c) for c in cy)
+        assert sort_cy == [[0, 1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 6, 7, 8], [0, 3, 4, 5]]
+        # test disconnected graphs
+        nx.add_cycle(G, "ABC")
+        cy = nx.cycle_basis(G, 9)
+        sort_cy = sorted(sorted(c) for c in cy[:-1]) + [sorted(cy[-1])]
+        assert sort_cy == [[0, 1, 2, 3], [0, 1, 6, 7, 8], [0, 3, 4, 5], ["A", "B", "C"]]
+
+    def test_cycle_basis2(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            cy = nx.cycle_basis(G, 0)
+
+    def test_cycle_basis3(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            G = nx.MultiGraph()
+            cy = nx.cycle_basis(G, 0)
+
+    def test_cycle_basis_ordered(self):
+        # see gh-6654 replace sets with (ordered) dicts
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(5)
+        G.update(nx.cycle_graph(range(3, 8)))
+        cbG = nx.cycle_basis(G)
+
+        perm = {1: 0, 0: 1}  # switch 0 and 1
+        H = nx.relabel_nodes(G, perm)
+        cbH = [[perm.get(n, n) for n in cyc] for cyc in nx.cycle_basis(H)]
+        assert cbG == cbH
+
+    def test_cycle_basis_self_loop(self):
+        """Tests the function for graphs with self loops"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 0, 6, 2])
+        cy = nx.cycle_basis(G)
+        sort_cy = sorted(sorted(c) for c in cy)
+        assert sort_cy == [[0], [0, 1, 2], [0, 2, 3], [0, 2, 6]]
+
+    def test_simple_cycles(self):
+        edges = [(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2), (2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        cc = sorted(nx.simple_cycles(G))
+        ca = [[0], [0, 1, 2], [0, 2], [1, 2], [2]]
+        assert len(cc) == len(ca)
+        for c in cc:
+            assert any(self.is_cyclic_permutation(c, rc) for rc in ca)
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_singleton(self):
+        G = nx.Graph([(0, 0)])  # self-loop
+        assert list(nx.simple_cycles(G)) == [[0]]
+
+    def test_unsortable(self):
+        # this test ensures that graphs whose nodes without an intrinsic
+        # ordering do not cause issues
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, ["a", 1])
+        c = list(nx.simple_cycles(G))
+        assert len(c) == 1
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_small(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [1, 2, 3])
+        c = sorted(nx.simple_cycles(G))
+        assert len(c) == 1
+        assert self.is_cyclic_permutation(c[0], [1, 2, 3])
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [10, 20, 30])
+        cc = sorted(nx.simple_cycles(G))
+        assert len(cc) == 2
+        ca = [[1, 2, 3], [10, 20, 30]]
+        for c in cc:
+            assert any(self.is_cyclic_permutation(c, rc) for rc in ca)
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_empty(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        assert list(nx.simple_cycles(G)) == []
+
+    def worst_case_graph(self, k):
+        # see figure 1 in Johnson's paper
+        # this graph has exactly 3k simple cycles
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        for n in range(2, k + 2):
+            G.add_edge(1, n)
+            G.add_edge(n, k + 2)
+        G.add_edge(2 * k + 1, 1)
+        for n in range(k + 2, 2 * k + 2):
+            G.add_edge(n, 2 * k + 2)
+            G.add_edge(n, n + 1)
+        G.add_edge(2 * k + 3, k + 2)
+        for n in range(2 * k + 3, 3 * k + 3):
+            G.add_edge(2 * k + 2, n)
+            G.add_edge(n, 3 * k + 3)
+        G.add_edge(3 * k + 3, 2 * k + 2)
+        return G
+
+    def test_worst_case_graph(self):
+        # see figure 1 in Johnson's paper
+        for k in range(3, 10):
+            G = self.worst_case_graph(k)
+            l = len(list(nx.simple_cycles(G)))
+            assert l == 3 * k
+
+    def test_recursive_simple_and_not(self):
+        for k in range(2, 10):
+            G = self.worst_case_graph(k)
+            cc = sorted(nx.simple_cycles(G))
+            rcc = sorted(nx.recursive_simple_cycles(G))
+            assert len(cc) == len(rcc)
+            for c in cc:
+                assert any(self.is_cyclic_permutation(c, r) for r in rcc)
+            for rc in rcc:
+                assert any(self.is_cyclic_permutation(rc, c) for c in cc)
+
+    def test_simple_graph_with_reported_bug(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [
+            (0, 2),
+            (0, 3),
+            (1, 0),
+            (1, 3),
+            (2, 1),
+            (2, 4),
+            (3, 2),
+            (3, 4),
+            (4, 0),
+            (4, 1),
+            (4, 5),
+            (5, 0),
+            (5, 1),
+            (5, 2),
+            (5, 3),
+        ]
+        G.add_edges_from(edges)
+        cc = sorted(nx.simple_cycles(G))
+        assert len(cc) == 26
+        rcc = sorted(nx.recursive_simple_cycles(G))
+        assert len(cc) == len(rcc)
+        for c in cc:
+            assert any(self.is_cyclic_permutation(c, rc) for rc in rcc)
+        for rc in rcc:
+            assert any(self.is_cyclic_permutation(rc, c) for c in cc)
+
+
+def pairwise(iterable):
+    a, b = tee(iterable)
+    next(b, None)
+    return zip(a, b)
+
+
+def cycle_edges(c):
+    return pairwise(chain(c, islice(c, 1)))
+
+
+def directed_cycle_edgeset(c):
+    return frozenset(cycle_edges(c))
+
+
+def undirected_cycle_edgeset(c):
+    if len(c) == 1:
+        return frozenset(cycle_edges(c))
+    return frozenset(map(frozenset, cycle_edges(c)))
+
+
+def multigraph_cycle_edgeset(c):
+    if len(c) <= 2:
+        return frozenset(cycle_edges(c))
+    else:
+        return frozenset(map(frozenset, cycle_edges(c)))
+
+
+class TestCycleEnumeration:
+    @staticmethod
+    def K(n):
+        return nx.complete_graph(n)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def D(n):
+        return nx.complete_graph(n).to_directed()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def edgeset_function(g):
+        if g.is_directed():
+            return directed_cycle_edgeset
+        elif g.is_multigraph():
+            return multigraph_cycle_edgeset
+        else:
+            return undirected_cycle_edgeset
+
+    def check_cycle(self, g, c, es, cache, source, original_c, length_bound, chordless):
+        if length_bound is not None and len(c) > length_bound:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"computed cycle {original_c} exceeds length bound {length_bound}"
+            )
+        if source == "computed":
+            if es in cache:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"computed cycle {original_c} has already been found!"
+                )
+            else:
+                cache[es] = tuple(original_c)
+        else:
+            if es in cache:
+                cache.pop(es)
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError(f"expected cycle {original_c} was not computed")
+
+        if not all(g.has_edge(*e) for e in es):
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                f"{source} claimed cycle {original_c} is not a cycle of g"
+            )
+        if chordless and len(g.subgraph(c).edges) > len(c):
+            raise RuntimeError(f"{source} cycle {original_c} is not chordless")
+
+    def check_cycle_algorithm(
+        self,
+        g,
+        expected_cycles,
+        length_bound=None,
+        chordless=False,
+        algorithm=None,
+    ):
+        if algorithm is None:
+            algorithm = nx.chordless_cycles if chordless else nx.simple_cycles
+
+        # note: we shuffle the labels of g to rule out accidentally-correct
+        # behavior which occurred during the development of chordless cycle
+        # enumeration algorithms
+
+        relabel = list(range(len(g)))
+        rng = random.Random(42)
+        rng.shuffle(relabel)
+        label = dict(zip(g, relabel))
+        unlabel = dict(zip(relabel, g))
+        h = nx.relabel_nodes(g, label, copy=True)
+
+        edgeset = self.edgeset_function(h)
+
+        params = {}
+        if length_bound is not None:
+            params["length_bound"] = length_bound
+
+        cycle_cache = {}
+        for c in algorithm(h, **params):
+            original_c = [unlabel[x] for x in c]
+            es = edgeset(c)
+            self.check_cycle(
+                h, c, es, cycle_cache, "computed", original_c, length_bound, chordless
+            )
+
+        if isinstance(expected_cycles, int):
+            if len(cycle_cache) != expected_cycles:
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"expected {expected_cycles} cycles, got {len(cycle_cache)}"
+                )
+            return
+        for original_c in expected_cycles:
+            c = [label[x] for x in original_c]
+            es = edgeset(c)
+            self.check_cycle(
+                h, c, es, cycle_cache, "expected", original_c, length_bound, chordless
+            )
+
+        if len(cycle_cache):
+            for c in cycle_cache.values():
+                raise RuntimeError(
+                    f"computed cycle {c} is valid but not in the expected cycle set!"
+                )
+
+    def check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+        self,
+        g_family,
+        cycle_counts,
+        length_bound=None,
+        chordless=False,
+        algorithm=None,
+    ):
+        for g, num_cycles in zip(g_family, cycle_counts):
+            self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+                g,
+                num_cycles,
+                length_bound=length_bound,
+                chordless=chordless,
+                algorithm=algorithm,
+            )
+
+    def test_directed_chordless_cycle_digons(self):
+        g = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5)[::-1])
+        g.add_edge(0, 0)
+        expected_cycles = [(0,), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True, length_bound=2)
+
+        expected_cycles = [c for c in expected_cycles if len(c) < 2]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True, length_bound=1)
+
+    def test_chordless_cycles_multigraph_self_loops(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph([(1, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2)])
+        expected_cycles = [[1], [2]]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        G.add_edges_from([(2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 4), (1, 3)])
+        expected_cycles = [[1], [2], [3, 4]]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+    def test_directed_chordless_cycle_undirected(self):
+        g = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (5, 0), (5, 1), (0, 2)])
+        expected_cycles = [(0, 2, 3, 4, 5), (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        g = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(4, 9))
+        g.add_edge(7, 3)
+        expected_cycles = [(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), (3, 4, 5, 6, 7), (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        g.add_edge(3, 7)
+        expected_cycles = [(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), (3, 7), (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        expected_cycles = [(3, 7)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True, length_bound=4)
+
+        g.remove_edge(7, 3)
+        expected_cycles = [(0, 1, 2, 3, 4), (4, 5, 6, 7, 8)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        g = nx.DiGraph((i, j) for i in range(10) for j in range(i))
+        expected_cycles = []
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+    def test_chordless_cycles_directed(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, range(5))
+        nx.add_cycle(G, range(4, 12))
+        expected = [[*range(5)], [*range(4, 12)]]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 5], length_bound=5, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        G.add_edge(7, 3)
+        expected.append([*range(3, 8)])
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 5], length_bound=5, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        G.add_edge(3, 7)
+        expected[-1] = [7, 3]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 5], length_bound=5, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        expected.pop()
+        G.remove_edge(7, 3)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 5], length_bound=5, chordless=True
+        )
+
+    def test_directed_chordless_cycle_diclique(self):
+        g_family = [self.D(n) for n in range(10)]
+        expected_cycles = [(n * n - n) // 2 for n in range(10)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected_cycles, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        expected_cycles = [(n * n - n) // 2 for n in range(10)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected_cycles, length_bound=2
+        )
+
+    def test_directed_chordless_loop_blockade(self):
+        g = nx.DiGraph((i, i) for i in range(10))
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(10))
+        expected_cycles = [(i,) for i in range(10)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, length_bound=1)
+
+        g = nx.MultiDiGraph(g)
+        g.add_edges_from((i, i) for i in range(0, 10, 2))
+        expected_cycles = [(i,) for i in range(1, 10, 2)]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected_cycles, chordless=True)
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_notable_clique_sequences(self):
+        # A000292: Number of labeled graphs on n+3 nodes that are triangles.
+        g_family = [self.K(n) for n in range(2, 12)]
+        expected = [0, 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84, 120, 165, 220]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected, length_bound=3
+        )
+
+        def triangles(g, **kwargs):
+            yield from (c for c in nx.simple_cycles(g, **kwargs) if len(c) == 3)
+
+        # directed complete graphs have twice as many triangles thanks to reversal
+        g_family = [self.D(n) for n in range(2, 12)]
+        expected = [2 * e for e in expected]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected, length_bound=3, algorithm=triangles
+        )
+
+        def four_cycles(g, **kwargs):
+            yield from (c for c in nx.simple_cycles(g, **kwargs) if len(c) == 4)
+
+        # A050534: the number of 4-cycles in the complete graph K_{n+1}
+        expected = [0, 0, 0, 3, 15, 45, 105, 210, 378, 630, 990]
+        g_family = [self.K(n) for n in range(1, 12)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected, length_bound=4, algorithm=four_cycles
+        )
+
+        # directed complete graphs have twice as many 4-cycles thanks to reversal
+        expected = [2 * e for e in expected]
+        g_family = [self.D(n) for n in range(1, 15)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected, length_bound=4, algorithm=four_cycles
+        )
+
+        # A006231: the number of elementary circuits in a complete directed graph with n nodes
+        expected = [0, 1, 5, 20, 84, 409, 2365]
+        g_family = [self.D(n) for n in range(1, 8)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(g_family, expected)
+
+        # A002807: Number of cycles in the complete graph on n nodes K_{n}.
+        expected = [0, 0, 0, 1, 7, 37, 197, 1172]
+        g_family = [self.K(n) for n in range(8)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(g_family, expected)
+
+    def test_directed_chordless_cycle_parallel_multiedges(self):
+        g = nx.MultiGraph()
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        expected = [[*range(5)]]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected, chordless=True)
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        expected = [*cycle_edges(range(5))]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected, chordless=True)
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        expected = []
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected, chordless=True)
+
+        g = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        expected = [[*range(5)]]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected, chordless=True)
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, [], chordless=True)
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, [], chordless=True)
+
+        g = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5)[::-1])
+        expected = [*cycle_edges(range(5))]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, expected, chordless=True)
+
+        nx.add_cycle(g, range(5))
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, [], chordless=True)
+
+    def test_chordless_cycles_graph(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, range(5))
+        nx.add_cycle(G, range(4, 12))
+        expected = [[*range(5)], [*range(4, 12)]]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 5], length_bound=5, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        G.add_edge(7, 3)
+        expected.append([*range(3, 8)])
+        expected.append([4, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11])
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 5], length_bound=5, chordless=True
+        )
+
+    def test_chordless_cycles_giant_hamiltonian(self):
+        # ... o - e - o - e - o ... # o = odd, e = even
+        # ... ---/ \-----/ \--- ... # <-- "long" edges
+        #
+        # each long edge belongs to exactly one triangle, and one giant cycle
+        # of length n/2.  The remaining edges each belong to a triangle
+
+        n = 1000
+        assert n % 2 == 0
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        for v in range(n):
+            if not v % 2:
+                G.add_edge(v, (v + 2) % n)
+            G.add_edge(v, (v + 1) % n)
+
+        expected = [[*range(0, n, 2)]] + [
+            [x % n for x in range(i, i + 3)] for i in range(0, n, 2)
+        ]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 3], length_bound=3, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        # ... o -> e -> o -> e -> o ... # o = odd, e = even
+        # ... <---/ \---<---/ \---< ... # <-- "long" edges
+        #
+        # this time, we orient the short and long edges in opposition
+        # the cycle structure of this graph is the same, but we need to reverse
+        # the long one in our representation.  Also, we need to drop the size
+        # because our partitioning algorithm uses strongly connected components
+        # instead of separating graphs by their strong articulation points
+
+        n = 100
+        assert n % 2 == 0
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        for v in range(n):
+            G.add_edge(v, (v + 1) % n)
+            if not v % 2:
+                G.add_edge((v + 2) % n, v)
+
+        expected = [[*range(n - 2, -2, -2)]] + [
+            [x % n for x in range(i, i + 3)] for i in range(0, n, 2)
+        ]
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, expected, chordless=True)
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(
+            G, [c for c in expected if len(c) <= 3], length_bound=3, chordless=True
+        )
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_acyclic_tournament(self):
+        n = 10
+        G = nx.DiGraph((x, y) for x in range(n) for y in range(x))
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, [])
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, [], chordless=True)
+
+        for k in range(n + 1):
+            self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, [], length_bound=k)
+            self.check_cycle_algorithm(G, [], length_bound=k, chordless=True)
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_graph(self):
+        testG = nx.cycle_graph(8)
+        cyc1 = tuple(range(8))
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(testG, [cyc1])
+
+        testG.add_edge(4, -1)
+        nx.add_path(testG, [3, -2, -3, -4])
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(testG, [cyc1])
+
+        testG.update(nx.cycle_graph(range(8, 16)))
+        cyc2 = tuple(range(8, 16))
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(testG, [cyc1, cyc2])
+
+        testG.update(nx.cycle_graph(range(4, 12)))
+        cyc3 = tuple(range(4, 12))
+        expected = {
+            (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7),  # cyc1
+            (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15),  # cyc2
+            (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11),  # cyc3
+            (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11),  # cyc2 + cyc3
+            (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 10, 9, 8, 7),  # cyc1 + cyc3
+            (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 8, 7),  # cyc1 + cyc2 + cyc3
+        }
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(testG, expected)
+        assert len(expected) == (2**3 - 1) - 1  # 1 disjoint comb: cyc1 + cyc2
+
+        # Basis size = 5 (2 loops overlapping gives 5 small loops
+        #        E
+        #       / \         Note: A-F = 10-15
+        #    1-2-3-4-5
+        #    / |   |  \   cyc1=012DAB -- left
+        #   0  D   F  6   cyc2=234E   -- top
+        #   \  |   |  /   cyc3=45678F -- right
+        #    B-A-9-8-7    cyc4=89AC   -- bottom
+        #       \ /       cyc5=234F89AD -- middle
+        #        C
+        #
+        # combinations of 5 basis elements: 2^5 - 1  (one includes no cycles)
+        #
+        # disjoint combs: (11 total) not simple cycles
+        #   Any pair not including cyc5 => choose(4, 2) = 6
+        #   Any triple not including cyc5 => choose(4, 3) = 4
+        #   Any quad not including cyc5 => choose(4, 4) = 1
+        #
+        # we expect 31 - 11 = 20 simple cycles
+        #
+        testG = nx.cycle_graph(12)
+        testG.update(nx.cycle_graph([12, 10, 13, 2, 14, 4, 15, 8]).edges)
+        expected = (2**5 - 1) - 11  # 11 disjoint combinations
+        self.check_cycle_algorithm(testG, expected)
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_bounded(self):
+        # iteratively construct a cluster of nested cycles running in the same direction
+        # there should be one cycle of every length
+        d = nx.DiGraph()
+        expected = []
+        for n in range(10):
+            nx.add_cycle(d, range(n))
+            expected.append(n)
+            for k, e in enumerate(expected):
+                self.check_cycle_algorithm(d, e, length_bound=k)
+
+        # iteratively construct a path of undirected cycles, connected at articulation
+        # points.  there should be one cycle of every length except 2: no digons
+        g = nx.Graph()
+        top = 0
+        expected = []
+        for n in range(10):
+            expected.append(n if n < 2 else n - 1)
+            if n == 2:
+                # no digons in undirected graphs
+                continue
+            nx.add_cycle(g, range(top, top + n))
+            top += n
+            for k, e in enumerate(expected):
+                self.check_cycle_algorithm(g, e, length_bound=k)
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_bound_corner_cases(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        DG = nx.cycle_graph(4, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        assert list(nx.simple_cycles(G, length_bound=0)) == []
+        assert list(nx.simple_cycles(DG, length_bound=0)) == []
+        assert list(nx.chordless_cycles(G, length_bound=0)) == []
+        assert list(nx.chordless_cycles(DG, length_bound=0)) == []
+
+    def test_simple_cycles_bound_error(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            for c in nx.simple_cycles(G, -1):
+                assert False
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            for c in nx.simple_cycles(G, -1):
+                assert False
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            for c in nx.chordless_cycles(G, -1):
+                assert False
+
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            for c in nx.chordless_cycles(G, -1):
+                assert False
+
+    def test_chordless_cycles_clique(self):
+        g_family = [self.K(n) for n in range(2, 15)]
+        expected = [0, 1, 4, 10, 20, 35, 56, 84, 120, 165, 220, 286, 364]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected, chordless=True
+        )
+
+        # directed cliques have as many digons as undirected graphs have edges
+        expected = [(n * n - n) // 2 for n in range(15)]
+        g_family = [self.D(n) for n in range(15)]
+        self.check_cycle_enumeration_integer_sequence(
+            g_family, expected, chordless=True
+        )
+
+
+# These tests might fail with hash randomization since they depend on
+# edge_dfs. For more information, see the comments in:
+#    networkx/algorithms/traversal/tests/test_edgedfs.py
+
+
+class TestFindCycle:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.nodes = [0, 1, 2, 3]
+        cls.edges = [(-1, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0), (1, 0), (2, 1), (3, 1)]
+
+    def test_graph_nocycle(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(self.edges)
+        pytest.raises(nx.exception.NetworkXNoCycle, nx.find_cycle, G, self.nodes)
+
+    def test_graph_cycle(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(self.edges)
+        G.add_edge(2, 0)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes))
+        x_ = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_graph_orientation_none(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(self.edges)
+        G.add_edge(2, 0)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation=None))
+        x_ = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_graph_orientation_original(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(self.edges)
+        G.add_edge(2, 0)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation="original"))
+        x_ = [(0, 1, FORWARD), (1, 2, FORWARD), (2, 0, FORWARD)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes))
+        x_ = [(0, 1), (1, 0)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_digraph_orientation_none(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation=None))
+        x_ = [(0, 1), (1, 0)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_digraph_orientation_original(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation="original"))
+        x_ = [(0, 1, FORWARD), (1, 0, FORWARD)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes))
+        x_ = [(0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1)]  # or (1, 0, 2)
+        # Hash randomization...could be any edge.
+        assert x[0] == x_[0]
+        assert x[1][:2] == x_[1][:2]
+
+    def test_multidigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes))
+        x_ = [(0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0)]  # (1, 0, 1)
+        assert x[0] == x_[0]
+        assert x[1][:2] == x_[1][:2]
+
+    def test_digraph_ignore(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation="ignore"))
+        x_ = [(0, 1, FORWARD), (1, 0, FORWARD)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_digraph_reverse(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation="reverse"))
+        x_ = [(1, 0, REVERSE), (0, 1, REVERSE)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_multidigraph_ignore(self):
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(self.edges)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, self.nodes, orientation="ignore"))
+        x_ = [(0, 1, 0, FORWARD), (1, 0, 0, FORWARD)]  # or (1, 0, 1, 1)
+        assert x[0] == x_[0]
+        assert x[1][:2] == x_[1][:2]
+        assert x[1][3] == x_[1][3]
+
+    def test_multidigraph_ignore2(self):
+        # Loop traversed an edge while ignoring its orientation.
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 2)])
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2], orientation="ignore"))
+        x_ = [(1, 2, 0, FORWARD), (1, 2, 1, REVERSE)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_multidigraph_original(self):
+        # Node 2 doesn't need to be searched again from visited from 4.
+        # The goal here is to cover the case when 2 to be researched from 4,
+        # when 4 is visited from the first time (so we must make sure that 4
+        # is not visited from 2, and hence, we respect the edge orientation).
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 2)])
+        pytest.raises(
+            nx.exception.NetworkXNoCycle,
+            nx.find_cycle,
+            G,
+            [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+            orientation="original",
+        )
+
+    def test_dag(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 2)])
+        pytest.raises(
+            nx.exception.NetworkXNoCycle, nx.find_cycle, G, orientation="original"
+        )
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, orientation="ignore"))
+        assert x == [(0, 1, FORWARD), (1, 2, FORWARD), (0, 2, REVERSE)]
+
+    def test_prev_explored(self):
+        # https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues/2323
+
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, 0), (2, 0), (1, 2), (2, 1)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNoCycle, nx.find_cycle, G, source=0)
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, 1))
+        x_ = [(1, 2), (2, 1)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G, 2))
+        x_ = [(2, 1), (1, 2)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+        x = list(nx.find_cycle(G))
+        x_ = [(1, 2), (2, 1)]
+        assert x == x_
+
+    def test_no_cycle(self):
+        # https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues/2439
+
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 0), (3, 1), (3, 2)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNoCycle, nx.find_cycle, G, source=0)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNoCycle, nx.find_cycle, G)
+
+
+def assert_basis_equal(a, b):
+    assert sorted(a) == sorted(b)
+
+
+class TestMinimumCycleBasis:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        T = nx.Graph()
+        nx.add_cycle(T, [1, 2, 3, 4], weight=1)
+        T.add_edge(2, 4, weight=5)
+        cls.diamond_graph = T
+
+    def test_unweighted_diamond(self):
+        mcb = nx.minimum_cycle_basis(self.diamond_graph)
+        assert_basis_equal(mcb, [[2, 4, 1], [3, 4, 2]])
+
+    def test_weighted_diamond(self):
+        mcb = nx.minimum_cycle_basis(self.diamond_graph, weight="weight")
+        assert_basis_equal(mcb, [[2, 4, 1], [4, 3, 2, 1]])
+
+    def test_dimensionality(self):
+        # checks |MCB|=|E|-|V|+|NC|
+        ntrial = 10
+        for seed in range(1234, 1234 + ntrial):
+            rg = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(10, 0.3, seed=seed)
+            nnodes = rg.number_of_nodes()
+            nedges = rg.number_of_edges()
+            ncomp = nx.number_connected_components(rg)
+
+            mcb = nx.minimum_cycle_basis(rg)
+            assert len(mcb) == nedges - nnodes + ncomp
+            check_independent(mcb)
+
+    def test_complete_graph(self):
+        cg = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        mcb = nx.minimum_cycle_basis(cg)
+        assert all(len(cycle) == 3 for cycle in mcb)
+        check_independent(mcb)
+
+    def test_tree_graph(self):
+        tg = nx.balanced_tree(3, 3)
+        assert not nx.minimum_cycle_basis(tg)
+
+    def test_petersen_graph(self):
+        G = nx.petersen_graph()
+        mcb = list(nx.minimum_cycle_basis(G))
+        expected = [
+            [4, 9, 7, 5, 0],
+            [1, 2, 3, 4, 0],
+            [1, 6, 8, 5, 0],
+            [4, 3, 8, 5, 0],
+            [1, 6, 9, 4, 0],
+            [1, 2, 7, 5, 0],
+        ]
+        assert len(mcb) == len(expected)
+        assert all(c in expected for c in mcb)
+
+        # check that order of the nodes is a path
+        for c in mcb:
+            assert all(G.has_edge(u, v) for u, v in nx.utils.pairwise(c, cyclic=True))
+        # check independence of the basis
+        check_independent(mcb)
+
+    def test_gh6787_variable_weighted_complete_graph(self):
+        N = 8
+        cg = nx.complete_graph(N)
+        cg.add_weighted_edges_from([(u, v, 9) for u, v in cg.edges])
+        cg.add_weighted_edges_from([(u, v, 1) for u, v in nx.cycle_graph(N).edges])
+        mcb = nx.minimum_cycle_basis(cg, weight="weight")
+        check_independent(mcb)
+
+    def test_gh6787_and_edge_attribute_names(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 2, 10), (1, 3, 10)], weight="dist")
+        expected = [[1, 3, 0], [3, 2, 1, 0], [1, 2, 0]]
+        mcb = list(nx.minimum_cycle_basis(G, weight="dist"))
+        assert len(mcb) == len(expected)
+        assert all(c in expected for c in mcb)
+
+        # test not using a weight with weight attributes
+        expected = [[1, 3, 0], [1, 2, 0], [3, 2, 0]]
+        mcb = list(nx.minimum_cycle_basis(G))
+        assert len(mcb) == len(expected)
+        assert all(c in expected for c in mcb)
+
+
+class TestGirth:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("G", "expected"),
+        (
+            (nx.chvatal_graph(), 4),
+            (nx.tutte_graph(), 4),
+            (nx.petersen_graph(), 5),
+            (nx.heawood_graph(), 6),
+            (nx.pappus_graph(), 6),
+            (nx.random_labeled_tree(10, seed=42), inf),
+            (nx.empty_graph(10), inf),
+            (nx.Graph(chain(cycle_edges(range(5)), cycle_edges(range(6, 10)))), 4),
+            (
+                nx.Graph(
+                    [
+                        (0, 6),
+                        (0, 8),
+                        (0, 9),
+                        (1, 8),
+                        (2, 8),
+                        (2, 9),
+                        (4, 9),
+                        (5, 9),
+                        (6, 8),
+                        (6, 9),
+                        (7, 8),
+                    ]
+                ),
+                3,
+            ),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_girth(self, G, expected):
+        assert nx.girth(G) == expected

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_d_separation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+from itertools import combinations
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def path_graph():
+    """Return a path graph of length three."""
+    G = nx.path_graph(3, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    G.graph["name"] = "path"
+    nx.freeze(G)
+    return G
+
+
+def fork_graph():
+    """Return a three node fork graph."""
+    G = nx.DiGraph(name="fork")
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2)])
+    nx.freeze(G)
+    return G
+
+
+def collider_graph():
+    """Return a collider/v-structure graph with three nodes."""
+    G = nx.DiGraph(name="collider")
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 2), (1, 2)])
+    nx.freeze(G)
+    return G
+
+
+def naive_bayes_graph():
+    """Return a simply Naive Bayes PGM graph."""
+    G = nx.DiGraph(name="naive_bayes")
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (0, 4)])
+    nx.freeze(G)
+    return G
+
+
+def asia_graph():
+    """Return the 'Asia' PGM graph."""
+    G = nx.DiGraph(name="asia")
+    G.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            ("asia", "tuberculosis"),
+            ("smoking", "cancer"),
+            ("smoking", "bronchitis"),
+            ("tuberculosis", "either"),
+            ("cancer", "either"),
+            ("either", "xray"),
+            ("either", "dyspnea"),
+            ("bronchitis", "dyspnea"),
+        ]
+    )
+    nx.freeze(G)
+    return G
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="path_graph")
+def path_graph_fixture():
+    return path_graph()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="fork_graph")
+def fork_graph_fixture():
+    return fork_graph()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="collider_graph")
+def collider_graph_fixture():
+    return collider_graph()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="naive_bayes_graph")
+def naive_bayes_graph_fixture():
+    return naive_bayes_graph()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(name="asia_graph")
+def asia_graph_fixture():
+    return asia_graph()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def large_collider_graph():
+    edge_list = [("A", "B"), ("C", "B"), ("B", "D"), ("D", "E"), ("B", "F"), ("G", "E")]
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edge_list)
+    return G
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def chain_and_fork_graph():
+    edge_list = [("A", "B"), ("B", "C"), ("B", "D"), ("D", "C")]
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edge_list)
+    return G
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def no_separating_set_graph():
+    edge_list = [("A", "B")]
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edge_list)
+    return G
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def large_no_separating_set_graph():
+    edge_list = [("A", "B"), ("C", "A"), ("C", "B")]
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edge_list)
+    return G
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def collider_trek_graph():
+    edge_list = [("A", "B"), ("C", "B"), ("C", "D")]
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edge_list)
+    return G
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "graph",
+    [path_graph(), fork_graph(), collider_graph(), naive_bayes_graph(), asia_graph()],
+)
+def test_markov_condition(graph):
+    """Test that the Markov condition holds for each PGM graph."""
+    for node in graph.nodes:
+        parents = set(graph.predecessors(node))
+        non_descendants = graph.nodes - nx.descendants(graph, node) - {node} - parents
+        assert nx.is_d_separator(graph, {node}, non_descendants, parents)
+
+
+def test_path_graph_dsep(path_graph):
+    """Example-based test of d-separation for path_graph."""
+    assert nx.is_d_separator(path_graph, {0}, {2}, {1})
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(path_graph, {0}, {2}, set())
+
+
+def test_fork_graph_dsep(fork_graph):
+    """Example-based test of d-separation for fork_graph."""
+    assert nx.is_d_separator(fork_graph, {1}, {2}, {0})
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(fork_graph, {1}, {2}, set())
+
+
+def test_collider_graph_dsep(collider_graph):
+    """Example-based test of d-separation for collider_graph."""
+    assert nx.is_d_separator(collider_graph, {0}, {1}, set())
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(collider_graph, {0}, {1}, {2})
+
+
+def test_naive_bayes_dsep(naive_bayes_graph):
+    """Example-based test of d-separation for naive_bayes_graph."""
+    for u, v in combinations(range(1, 5), 2):
+        assert nx.is_d_separator(naive_bayes_graph, {u}, {v}, {0})
+        assert not nx.is_d_separator(naive_bayes_graph, {u}, {v}, set())
+
+
+def test_asia_graph_dsep(asia_graph):
+    """Example-based test of d-separation for asia_graph."""
+    assert nx.is_d_separator(
+        asia_graph, {"asia", "smoking"}, {"dyspnea", "xray"}, {"bronchitis", "either"}
+    )
+    assert nx.is_d_separator(
+        asia_graph, {"tuberculosis", "cancer"}, {"bronchitis"}, {"smoking", "xray"}
+    )
+
+
+def test_undirected_graphs_are_not_supported():
+    """
+    Test that undirected graphs are not supported.
+
+    d-separation and its related algorithms do not apply in
+    the case of undirected graphs.
+    """
+    g = nx.path_graph(3, nx.Graph)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+        nx.is_d_separator(g, {0}, {1}, {2})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(g, {0}, {1}, {2})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(g, {0}, {1})
+
+
+def test_cyclic_graphs_raise_error():
+    """
+    Test that cycle graphs should cause erroring.
+
+    This is because PGMs assume a directed acyclic graph.
+    """
+    g = nx.cycle_graph(3, nx.DiGraph)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_d_separator(g, {0}, {1}, {2})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(g, {0}, {1})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(g, {0}, {1}, {2})
+
+
+def test_invalid_nodes_raise_error(asia_graph):
+    """
+    Test that graphs that have invalid nodes passed in raise errors.
+    """
+    # Check both set and node arguments
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+        nx.is_d_separator(asia_graph, {0}, {1}, {2})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+        nx.is_d_separator(asia_graph, 0, 1, 2)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(asia_graph, {0}, {1}, {2})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(asia_graph, 0, 1, 2)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(asia_graph, {0}, {1})
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(asia_graph, 0, 1)
+
+
+def test_nondisjoint_node_sets_raise_error(collider_graph):
+    """
+    Test that error is raised when node sets aren't disjoint.
+    """
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 1, 0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 2, 0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 0, 1)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_d_separator(collider_graph, 1, 0, 0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 1, included=0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(collider_graph, 1, 0, included=0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 0, set())
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(collider_graph, 0, 1, set(), included=0)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        nx.is_minimal_d_separator(collider_graph, 1, 0, set(), included=0)
+
+
+def test_is_minimal_d_separator(
+    large_collider_graph,
+    chain_and_fork_graph,
+    no_separating_set_graph,
+    large_no_separating_set_graph,
+    collider_trek_graph,
+):
+    # Case 1:
+    # create a graph A -> B <- C
+    # B -> D -> E;
+    # B -> F;
+    # G -> E;
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(large_collider_graph, {"B"}, {"E"}, set())
+
+    # minimal set of the corresponding graph
+    # for B and E should be (D,)
+    Zmin = nx.find_minimal_d_separator(large_collider_graph, "B", "E")
+    # check that the minimal d-separator is a d-separating set
+    assert nx.is_d_separator(large_collider_graph, "B", "E", Zmin)
+    # the minimal separating set should also pass the test for minimality
+    assert nx.is_minimal_d_separator(large_collider_graph, "B", "E", Zmin)
+    # function should also work with set arguments
+    assert nx.is_minimal_d_separator(large_collider_graph, {"A", "B"}, {"G", "E"}, Zmin)
+    assert Zmin == {"D"}
+
+    # Case 2:
+    # create a graph A -> B -> C
+    # B -> D -> C;
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(chain_and_fork_graph, {"A"}, {"C"}, set())
+    Zmin = nx.find_minimal_d_separator(chain_and_fork_graph, "A", "C")
+
+    # the minimal separating set should pass the test for minimality
+    assert nx.is_minimal_d_separator(chain_and_fork_graph, "A", "C", Zmin)
+    assert Zmin == {"B"}
+    Znotmin = Zmin.union({"D"})
+    assert not nx.is_minimal_d_separator(chain_and_fork_graph, "A", "C", Znotmin)
+
+    # Case 3:
+    # create a graph A -> B
+
+    # there is no m-separating set between A and B at all, so
+    # no minimal m-separating set can exist
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(no_separating_set_graph, {"A"}, {"B"}, set())
+    assert nx.find_minimal_d_separator(no_separating_set_graph, "A", "B") is None
+
+    # Case 4:
+    # create a graph A -> B with A <- C -> B
+
+    # there is no m-separating set between A and B at all, so
+    # no minimal m-separating set can exist
+    # however, the algorithm will initially propose C as a
+    # minimal (but invalid) separating set
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(large_no_separating_set_graph, {"A"}, {"B"}, {"C"})
+    assert nx.find_minimal_d_separator(large_no_separating_set_graph, "A", "B") is None
+
+    # Test `included` and `excluded` args
+    # create graph A -> B <- C -> D
+    assert nx.find_minimal_d_separator(collider_trek_graph, "A", "D", included="B") == {
+        "B",
+        "C",
+    }
+    assert (
+        nx.find_minimal_d_separator(
+            collider_trek_graph, "A", "D", included="B", restricted="B"
+        )
+        is None
+    )
+
+
+def test_is_minimal_d_separator_checks_dsep():
+    """Test that is_minimal_d_separator checks for d-separation as well."""
+    g = nx.DiGraph()
+    g.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            ("A", "B"),
+            ("A", "E"),
+            ("B", "C"),
+            ("B", "D"),
+            ("D", "C"),
+            ("D", "F"),
+            ("E", "D"),
+            ("E", "F"),
+        ]
+    )
+
+    assert not nx.is_d_separator(g, {"C"}, {"F"}, {"D"})
+
+    # since {'D'} and {} are not d-separators, we return false
+    assert not nx.is_minimal_d_separator(g, "C", "F", {"D"})
+    assert not nx.is_minimal_d_separator(g, "C", "F", set())
+
+
+def test__reachable(large_collider_graph):
+    reachable = nx.algorithms.d_separation._reachable
+    g = large_collider_graph
+    x = {"F", "D"}
+    ancestors = {"A", "B", "C", "D", "F"}
+    assert reachable(g, x, ancestors, {"B"}) == {"B", "F", "D"}
+    assert reachable(g, x, ancestors, set()) == ancestors

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_dag.py

@@ -0,0 +1,835 @@
+from collections import deque
+from itertools import combinations, permutations
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.utils import edges_equal, pairwise
+
+
+# Recipe from the itertools documentation.
+def _consume(iterator):
+    "Consume the iterator entirely."
+    # Feed the entire iterator into a zero-length deque.
+    deque(iterator, maxlen=0)
+
+
+class TestDagLongestPath:
+    """Unit tests computing the longest path in a directed acyclic graph."""
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == []
+
+    def test_unweighted1(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (5, 6), (3, 7)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == [1, 2, 3, 5, 6]
+
+    def test_unweighted2(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 5)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+    def test_weighted(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [(1, 2, -5), (2, 3, 1), (3, 4, 1), (4, 5, 0), (3, 5, 4), (1, 6, 2)]
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == [2, 3, 5]
+
+    def test_undirected_not_implemented(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, nx.dag_longest_path, G)
+
+    def test_unorderable_nodes(self):
+        """Tests that computing the longest path does not depend on
+        nodes being orderable.
+
+        For more information, see issue #1989.
+
+        """
+        # Create the directed path graph on four nodes in a diamond shape,
+        # with nodes represented as (unorderable) Python objects.
+        nodes = [object() for n in range(4)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(nodes[0], nodes[1])
+        G.add_edge(nodes[0], nodes[2])
+        G.add_edge(nodes[2], nodes[3])
+        G.add_edge(nodes[1], nodes[3])
+
+        # this will raise NotImplementedError when nodes need to be ordered
+        nx.dag_longest_path(G)
+
+    def test_multigraph_unweighted(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 5)]
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
+
+    def test_multigraph_weighted(self):
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+        edges = [
+            (1, 2, 2),
+            (2, 3, 2),
+            (1, 3, 1),
+            (1, 3, 5),
+            (1, 3, 2),
+        ]
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == [1, 3]
+
+    def test_multigraph_weighted_default_weight(self):
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3)])  # Unweighted edges
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 3, 1), (1, 3, 5), (1, 3, 2)])
+
+        # Default value for default weight is 1
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G) == [1, 3]
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path(G, default_weight=3) == [1, 2, 3]
+
+
+class TestDagLongestPathLength:
+    """Unit tests for computing the length of a longest path in a
+    directed acyclic graph.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_unweighted(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path_length(G) == 4
+
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 5)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path_length(G) == 4
+
+        # test degenerate graphs
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(1)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path_length(G) == 0
+
+    def test_undirected_not_implemented(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, nx.dag_longest_path_length, G)
+
+    def test_weighted(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2, -5), (2, 3, 1), (3, 4, 1), (4, 5, 0), (3, 5, 4), (1, 6, 2)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path_length(G) == 5
+
+    def test_multigraph_unweighted(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5), (1, 3), (1, 5), (3, 5)]
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path_length(G) == 4
+
+    def test_multigraph_weighted(self):
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+        edges = [
+            (1, 2, 2),
+            (2, 3, 2),
+            (1, 3, 1),
+            (1, 3, 5),
+            (1, 3, 2),
+        ]
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(edges)
+        assert nx.dag_longest_path_length(G) == 5
+
+
+class TestDAG:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        pass
+
+    def test_topological_sort1(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+
+        for algorithm in [nx.topological_sort, nx.lexicographical_topological_sort]:
+            assert tuple(algorithm(DG)) == (1, 2, 3)
+
+        DG.add_edge(3, 2)
+
+        for algorithm in [nx.topological_sort, nx.lexicographical_topological_sort]:
+            pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, _consume, algorithm(DG))
+
+        DG.remove_edge(2, 3)
+
+        for algorithm in [nx.topological_sort, nx.lexicographical_topological_sort]:
+            assert tuple(algorithm(DG)) == (1, 3, 2)
+
+        DG.remove_edge(3, 2)
+
+        assert tuple(nx.topological_sort(DG)) in {(1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2)}
+        assert tuple(nx.lexicographical_topological_sort(DG)) == (1, 2, 3)
+
+    def test_is_directed_acyclic_graph(self):
+        G = nx.generators.complete_graph(2)
+        assert not nx.is_directed_acyclic_graph(G)
+        assert not nx.is_directed_acyclic_graph(G.to_directed())
+        assert not nx.is_directed_acyclic_graph(nx.Graph([(3, 4), (4, 5)]))
+        assert nx.is_directed_acyclic_graph(nx.DiGraph([(3, 4), (4, 5)]))
+
+    def test_topological_sort2(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph(
+            {
+                1: [2],
+                2: [3],
+                3: [4],
+                4: [5],
+                5: [1],
+                11: [12],
+                12: [13],
+                13: [14],
+                14: [15],
+            }
+        )
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, _consume, nx.topological_sort(DG))
+
+        assert not nx.is_directed_acyclic_graph(DG)
+
+        DG.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        _consume(nx.topological_sort(DG))
+        assert nx.is_directed_acyclic_graph(DG)
+
+    def test_topological_sort3(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph()
+        DG.add_edges_from([(1, i) for i in range(2, 5)])
+        DG.add_edges_from([(2, i) for i in range(5, 9)])
+        DG.add_edges_from([(6, i) for i in range(9, 12)])
+        DG.add_edges_from([(4, i) for i in range(12, 15)])
+
+        def validate(order):
+            assert isinstance(order, list)
+            assert set(order) == set(DG)
+            for u, v in combinations(order, 2):
+                assert not nx.has_path(DG, v, u)
+
+        validate(list(nx.topological_sort(DG)))
+
+        DG.add_edge(14, 1)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, _consume, nx.topological_sort(DG))
+
+    def test_topological_sort4(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        # Only directed graphs can be topologically sorted.
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, _consume, nx.topological_sort(G))
+
+    def test_topological_sort5(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 1)
+        assert list(nx.topological_sort(G)) == [0, 1]
+
+    def test_topological_sort6(self):
+        for algorithm in [nx.topological_sort, nx.lexicographical_topological_sort]:
+
+            def runtime_error():
+                DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+                first = True
+                for x in algorithm(DG):
+                    if first:
+                        first = False
+                        DG.add_edge(5 - x, 5)
+
+            def unfeasible_error():
+                DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+                first = True
+                for x in algorithm(DG):
+                    if first:
+                        first = False
+                        DG.remove_node(4)
+
+            def runtime_error2():
+                DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+                first = True
+                for x in algorithm(DG):
+                    if first:
+                        first = False
+                        DG.remove_node(2)
+
+            pytest.raises(RuntimeError, runtime_error)
+            pytest.raises(RuntimeError, runtime_error2)
+            pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, unfeasible_error)
+
+    def test_all_topological_sorts_1(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)])
+        assert list(nx.all_topological_sorts(DG)) == [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]]
+
+    def test_all_topological_sorts_2(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 3), (2, 1), (2, 4), (4, 3), (4, 5)])
+        assert sorted(nx.all_topological_sorts(DG)) == [
+            [2, 1, 4, 3, 5],
+            [2, 1, 4, 5, 3],
+            [2, 4, 1, 3, 5],
+            [2, 4, 1, 5, 3],
+            [2, 4, 5, 1, 3],
+        ]
+
+    def test_all_topological_sorts_3(self):
+        def unfeasible():
+            DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 2), (4, 5)])
+            # convert to list to execute generator
+            list(nx.all_topological_sorts(DG))
+
+        def not_implemented():
+            G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3)])
+            # convert to list to execute generator
+            list(nx.all_topological_sorts(G))
+
+        def not_implemented_2():
+            G = nx.MultiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3)])
+            list(nx.all_topological_sorts(G))
+
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, unfeasible)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, not_implemented)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, not_implemented_2)
+
+    def test_all_topological_sorts_4(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph()
+        for i in range(7):
+            DG.add_node(i)
+        assert sorted(map(list, permutations(DG.nodes))) == sorted(
+            nx.all_topological_sorts(DG)
+        )
+
+    def test_all_topological_sorts_multigraph_1(self):
+        DG = nx.MultiDiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 5), (3, 5)])
+        assert sorted(nx.all_topological_sorts(DG)) == sorted(
+            [[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [1, 2, 3, 5, 4]]
+        )
+
+    def test_all_topological_sorts_multigraph_2(self):
+        N = 9
+        edges = []
+        for i in range(1, N):
+            edges.extend([(i, i + 1)] * i)
+        DG = nx.MultiDiGraph(edges)
+        assert list(nx.all_topological_sorts(DG)) == [list(range(1, N + 1))]
+
+    def test_ancestors(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        ancestors = nx.algorithms.dag.ancestors
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), (2, 6), (5, 6)])
+        assert ancestors(G, 6) == {1, 2, 4, 5}
+        assert ancestors(G, 3) == {1, 4}
+        assert ancestors(G, 1) == set()
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, ancestors, G, 8)
+
+    def test_descendants(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        descendants = nx.algorithms.dag.descendants
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 5), (2, 6), (5, 6)])
+        assert descendants(G, 1) == {2, 3, 6}
+        assert descendants(G, 4) == {2, 3, 5, 6}
+        assert descendants(G, 3) == set()
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, descendants, G, 8)
+
+    def test_transitive_closure(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1)]
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(
+            sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges()), soln, directed=True
+        )
+
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges()), solution)
+
+        G = nx.MultiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges()), solution)
+
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(
+            sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges()), solution, directed=True
+        )
+
+        # test if edge data is copied
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2, {"a": 3}), (2, 3, {"b": 0}), (3, 4)])
+        H = nx.transitive_closure(G)
+        for u, v in G.edges():
+            assert G.get_edge_data(u, v) == H.get_edge_data(u, v)
+
+        k = 10
+        G = nx.DiGraph((i, i + 1, {"f": "b", "weight": i}) for i in range(k))
+        H = nx.transitive_closure(G)
+        for u, v in G.edges():
+            assert G.get_edge_data(u, v) == H.get_edge_data(u, v)
+
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, reflexive="wrong input")
+
+    def test_reflexive_transitive_closure(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, False).edges(), solution, directed=True
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, True).edges(), soln, directed=True)
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, None).edges(), solution, directed=True
+        )
+
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)]
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, False).edges(), solution, directed=True
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, True).edges(), soln, directed=True)
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, None).edges(), solution, directed=True
+        )
+
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)])
+        solution = sorted([(1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (1, 3), (3, 1)])
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(
+            sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges()), soln, directed=True
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(
+            sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G, False).edges()), soln, directed=True
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(
+            sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G, None).edges()), solution, directed=True
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(
+            sorted(nx.transitive_closure(G, True).edges()), soln, directed=True
+        )
+
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, False).edges(), solution)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, True).edges(), soln)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, None).edges(), solution)
+
+        G = nx.MultiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, False).edges(), solution)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, True).edges(), soln)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, None).edges(), solution)
+
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        soln = sorted(solution + [(n, n) for n in G])
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, False).edges(), solution, directed=True
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(nx.transitive_closure(G, True).edges(), soln, directed=True)
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.transitive_closure(G, None).edges(), solution, directed=True
+        )
+
+    def test_transitive_closure_dag(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        transitive_closure = nx.algorithms.dag.transitive_closure_dag
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)])
+        solution = [(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(transitive_closure(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, transitive_closure, G)
+
+        # test if edge data is copied
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2, {"a": 3}), (2, 3, {"b": 0}), (3, 4)])
+        H = transitive_closure(G)
+        for u, v in G.edges():
+            assert G.get_edge_data(u, v) == H.get_edge_data(u, v)
+
+        k = 10
+        G = nx.DiGraph((i, i + 1, {"foo": "bar", "weight": i}) for i in range(k))
+        H = transitive_closure(G)
+        for u, v in G.edges():
+            assert G.get_edge_data(u, v) == H.get_edge_data(u, v)
+
+    def test_transitive_reduction(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4)])
+        transitive_reduction = nx.algorithms.dag.transitive_reduction
+        solution = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(transitive_reduction(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 3), (2, 4)])
+        transitive_reduction = nx.algorithms.dag.transitive_reduction
+        solution = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)]
+        assert edges_equal(transitive_reduction(G).edges(), solution, directed=True)
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, transitive_reduction, G)
+
+    def _check_antichains(self, solution, result):
+        sol = [frozenset(a) for a in solution]
+        res = [frozenset(a) for a in result]
+        assert set(sol) == set(res)
+
+    def test_antichains(self):
+        antichains = nx.algorithms.dag.antichains
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        solution = [[], [4], [3], [2], [1]]
+        self._check_antichains(list(antichains(G)), solution)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (3, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7)])
+        solution = [
+            [],
+            [4],
+            [7],
+            [7, 4],
+            [6],
+            [6, 4],
+            [6, 7],
+            [6, 7, 4],
+            [5],
+            [5, 4],
+            [3],
+            [3, 4],
+            [2],
+            [1],
+        ]
+        self._check_antichains(list(antichains(G)), solution)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (5, 6)])
+        solution = [
+            [],
+            [6],
+            [5],
+            [4],
+            [4, 6],
+            [4, 5],
+            [3],
+            [2],
+            [2, 6],
+            [2, 5],
+            [2, 4],
+            [2, 4, 6],
+            [2, 4, 5],
+            [2, 3],
+            [1],
+        ]
+        self._check_antichains(list(antichains(G)), solution)
+        G = nx.DiGraph({0: [1, 2], 1: [4], 2: [3], 3: [4]})
+        solution = [[], [4], [3], [2], [1], [1, 3], [1, 2], [0]]
+        self._check_antichains(list(antichains(G)), solution)
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        self._check_antichains(list(antichains(G)), [[]])
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1, 2])
+        solution = [[], [0], [1], [1, 0], [2], [2, 0], [2, 1], [2, 1, 0]]
+        self._check_antichains(list(antichains(G)), solution)
+
+        def f(x):
+            return list(antichains(x))
+
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, f, G)
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, f, G)
+
+    def test_lexicographical_topological_sort(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6)])
+        assert list(nx.lexicographical_topological_sort(G)) == [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
+        assert list(nx.lexicographical_topological_sort(G, key=lambda x: x)) == [
+            1,
+            2,
+            3,
+            4,
+            5,
+            6,
+        ]
+        assert list(nx.lexicographical_topological_sort(G, key=lambda x: -x)) == [
+            1,
+            5,
+            4,
+            2,
+            6,
+            3,
+        ]
+
+    def test_lexicographical_topological_sort2(self):
+        """
+        Check the case of two or more nodes with same key value.
+        Want to avoid exception raised due to comparing nodes directly.
+        See Issue #3493
+        """
+
+        class Test_Node:
+            def __init__(self, n):
+                self.label = n
+                self.priority = 1
+
+            def __repr__(self):
+                return f"Node({self.label})"
+
+        def sorting_key(node):
+            return node.priority
+
+        test_nodes = [Test_Node(n) for n in range(4)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [(0, 1), (0, 2), (0, 3), (2, 3)]
+        G.add_edges_from((test_nodes[a], test_nodes[b]) for a, b in edges)
+
+        sorting = list(nx.lexicographical_topological_sort(G, key=sorting_key))
+        assert sorting == test_nodes
+
+
+def test_topological_generations():
+    G = nx.DiGraph(
+        {1: [2, 3], 2: [4, 5], 3: [7], 4: [], 5: [6, 7], 6: [], 7: []}
+    ).reverse()
+    # order within each generation is inconsequential
+    generations = [sorted(gen) for gen in nx.topological_generations(G)]
+    expected = [[4, 6, 7], [3, 5], [2], [1]]
+    assert generations == expected
+
+    MG = nx.MultiDiGraph(G.edges)
+    MG.add_edge(2, 1)
+    generations = [sorted(gen) for gen in nx.topological_generations(MG)]
+    assert generations == expected
+
+
+def test_topological_generations_empty():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    assert list(nx.topological_generations(G)) == []
+
+
+def test_topological_generations_cycle():
+    G = nx.DiGraph([[2, 1], [3, 1], [1, 2]])
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible):
+        list(nx.topological_generations(G))
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_cycle():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    assert not nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_cycle2():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+    assert nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_cycle3():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [3, 4, 5, 6])
+    assert not nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_cycle4():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    G.add_edge(1, 3)
+    assert nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_selfloop():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [1, 2, 3, 4])
+    G.add_edge(1, 1)
+    assert nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_null_graph_raises():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, nx.is_aperiodic, G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_undirected_raises():
+    G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)])
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.is_aperiodic, G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_disconnected_raises():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2])
+    G.add_edge(3, 3)
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.is_aperiodic, G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_weakly_connected_raises():
+    G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3)])
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.is_aperiodic, G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_empty_graph():
+    G = nx.empty_graph(create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, match="Graph has no nodes."):
+        nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_bipartite():
+    # Bipartite graph
+    G = nx.DiGraph(nx.davis_southern_women_graph())
+    assert not nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+def test_is_aperiodic_single_node():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_node(0)
+    assert not nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+    G.add_edge(0, 0)
+    assert nx.is_aperiodic(G)
+
+
+class TestDagToBranching:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`networkx.dag_to_branching` function."""
+
+    def test_single_root(self):
+        """Tests that a directed acyclic graph with a single degree
+        zero node produces an arborescence.
+
+        """
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        B = nx.dag_to_branching(G)
+        expected = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 3), (0, 2), (2, 4)])
+        assert nx.is_arborescence(B)
+        assert nx.is_isomorphic(B, expected)
+
+    def test_multiple_roots(self):
+        """Tests that a directed acyclic graph with multiple degree zero
+        nodes creates an arborescence with multiple (weakly) connected
+        components.
+
+        """
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3), (5, 2)])
+        B = nx.dag_to_branching(G)
+        expected = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (1, 3), (0, 2), (2, 4), (5, 6), (6, 7)])
+        assert nx.is_branching(B)
+        assert not nx.is_arborescence(B)
+        assert nx.is_isomorphic(B, expected)
+
+    # # Attributes are not copied by this function. If they were, this would
+    # # be a good test to uncomment.
+    # def test_copy_attributes(self):
+    #     """Tests that node attributes are copied in the branching."""
+    #     G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+    #     for v in G:
+    #         G.node[v]['label'] = str(v)
+    #     B = nx.dag_to_branching(G)
+    #     # Determine the root node of the branching.
+    #     root = next(v for v, d in B.in_degree() if d == 0)
+    #     assert_equal(B.node[root]['label'], '0')
+    #     children = B[root]
+    #     # Get the left and right children, nodes 1 and 2, respectively.
+    #     left, right = sorted(children, key=lambda v: B.node[v]['label'])
+    #     assert_equal(B.node[left]['label'], '1')
+    #     assert_equal(B.node[right]['label'], '2')
+    #     # Get the left grandchild.
+    #     children = B[left]
+    #     assert_equal(len(children), 1)
+    #     left_grandchild = arbitrary_element(children)
+    #     assert_equal(B.node[left_grandchild]['label'], '3')
+    #     # Get the right grandchild.
+    #     children = B[right]
+    #     assert_equal(len(children), 1)
+    #     right_grandchild = arbitrary_element(children)
+    #     assert_equal(B.node[right_grandchild]['label'], '3')
+
+    def test_already_arborescence(self):
+        """Tests that a directed acyclic graph that is already an
+        arborescence produces an isomorphic arborescence as output.
+
+        """
+        A = nx.balanced_tree(2, 2, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        B = nx.dag_to_branching(A)
+        assert nx.is_isomorphic(A, B)
+
+    def test_already_branching(self):
+        """Tests that a directed acyclic graph that is already a
+        branching produces an isomorphic branching as output.
+
+        """
+        T1 = nx.balanced_tree(2, 2, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        T2 = nx.balanced_tree(2, 2, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        G = nx.disjoint_union(T1, T2)
+        B = nx.dag_to_branching(G)
+        assert nx.is_isomorphic(G, B)
+
+    def test_not_acyclic(self):
+        """Tests that a non-acyclic graph causes an exception."""
+        with pytest.raises(nx.HasACycle):
+            G = nx.DiGraph(pairwise("abc", cyclic=True))
+            nx.dag_to_branching(G)
+
+    def test_undirected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.dag_to_branching(nx.Graph())
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.dag_to_branching(nx.MultiGraph())
+
+    def test_multidigraph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.dag_to_branching(nx.MultiDiGraph())
+
+
+def test_ancestors_descendants_undirected():
+    """Regression test to ensure ancestors and descendants work as expected on
+    undirected graphs."""
+    G = nx.path_graph(5)
+    nx.ancestors(G, 2) == nx.descendants(G, 2) == {0, 1, 3, 4}
+
+
+def test_v_structures_raise():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="for undirected type"):
+        nx.dag.v_structures(G)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("edgelist", "expected"),
+    (
+        (
+            [(0, 1), (0, 2), (3, 2)],
+            {(0, 2, 3)},
+        ),
+        (
+            [("A", "B"), ("C", "B"), ("D", "G"), ("D", "E"), ("G", "E")],
+            {("A", "B", "C")},
+        ),
+        ([(0, 1), (2, 1), (0, 2)], set()),  # adjacent parents case: see gh-7385
+    ),
+)
+def test_v_structures(edgelist, expected):
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edgelist)
+    v_structs = set(nx.dag.v_structures(G))
+    assert v_structs == expected
+
+
+def test_colliders_raise():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match="for undirected type"):
+        nx.dag.colliders(G)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("edgelist", "expected"),
+    (
+        (
+            [(0, 1), (0, 2), (3, 2)],
+            {(0, 2, 3)},
+        ),
+        (
+            [("A", "B"), ("C", "B"), ("D", "G"), ("D", "E"), ("G", "E")],
+            {("A", "B", "C"), ("D", "E", "G")},
+        ),
+    ),
+)
+def test_colliders(edgelist, expected):
+    G = nx.DiGraph(edgelist)
+    colliders = set(nx.dag.colliders(G))
+    assert colliders == expected

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_distance_measures.py

@@ -0,0 +1,831 @@
+import itertools
+import math
+from random import Random
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx import convert_node_labels_to_integers as cnlti
+from networkx.algorithms.distance_measures import _extrema_bounding
+
+
+def test__extrema_bounding_invalid_compute_kwarg():
+    G = nx.path_graph(3)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="compute must be one of"):
+        _extrema_bounding(G, compute="spam")
+
+
+class TestDistance:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        self.G = cnlti(nx.grid_2d_graph(4, 4), first_label=1, ordering="sorted")
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("seed", list(range(10)))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", list(range(10, 20)))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("prob", [x / 10 for x in range(0, 10, 2)])
+    def test_use_bounds_on_off_consistency(self, seed, n, prob):
+        """Test for consistency of distance metrics when using usebounds=True.
+
+        We validate consistency for `networkx.diameter`, `networkx.radius`, `networkx.periphery`
+        and `networkx.center` when passing `usebounds=True`. Expectation is that method
+        returns the same result whether we pass usebounds=True or not.
+
+        For this we generate random connected graphs and validate method returns the same.
+        """
+        metrics = [nx.diameter, nx.radius, nx.periphery, nx.center]
+        max_weight = [5, 10, 1000]
+        rng = Random(seed)
+        # we compose it with a random tree to ensure graph is connected
+        G = nx.compose(
+            nx.random_labeled_tree(n, seed=rng),
+            nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, prob, seed=rng),
+        )
+        for metric in metrics:
+            # checking unweighted case
+            assert metric(G) == metric(G, usebounds=True)
+            for w in max_weight:
+                for u, v in G.edges():
+                    G[u][v]["w"] = rng.randint(0, w)
+                # checking weighted case
+                assert metric(G, weight="w") == metric(G, weight="w", usebounds=True)
+
+    def test_eccentricity(self):
+        assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, 1) == 6
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G)
+        assert e[1] == 6
+
+        sp = dict(nx.shortest_path_length(self.G))
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, sp=sp)
+        assert e[1] == 6
+
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=1)
+        assert e == 6
+
+        # This behavior changed in version 1.8 (ticket #739)
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 1])
+        assert e[1] == 6
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 2])
+        assert e[1] == 6
+
+        # test against graph with one node
+        G = nx.path_graph(1)
+        e = nx.eccentricity(G)
+        assert e[0] == 0
+        e = nx.eccentricity(G, v=0)
+        assert e == 0
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.eccentricity, G, 1)
+
+        # test against empty graph
+        G = nx.empty_graph()
+        e = nx.eccentricity(G)
+        assert e == {}
+
+    def test_diameter(self):
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G) == 6
+
+    def test_harmonic_diameter(self):
+        assert nx.harmonic_diameter(self.G) == pytest.approx(2.0477815699658715)
+        assert nx.harmonic_diameter(nx.star_graph(3)) == pytest.approx(1.333333)
+
+    def test_harmonic_diameter_empty(self):
+        assert math.isnan(nx.harmonic_diameter(nx.empty_graph()))
+
+    def test_harmonic_diameter_single_node(self):
+        assert math.isnan(nx.harmonic_diameter(nx.empty_graph(1)))
+
+    def test_harmonic_diameter_discrete(self):
+        assert math.isinf(nx.harmonic_diameter(nx.empty_graph(3)))
+
+    def test_harmonic_diameter_not_strongly_connected(self):
+        DG = nx.DiGraph()
+        DG.add_edge(0, 1)
+        assert nx.harmonic_diameter(DG) == 2
+
+    def test_harmonic_diameter_weighted_paths(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(3)
+        # check defaults
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(*e, 1) for i, e in enumerate(G.edges)], "weight")
+        assert nx.harmonic_diameter(G) == pytest.approx(1.333333)
+        assert nx.harmonic_diameter(G, weight="weight") == pytest.approx(1.333333)
+
+        # check impact of weights and alternate weight name
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(*e, i) for i, e in enumerate(G.edges)], "dist")
+        assert nx.harmonic_diameter(G, weight="dist") == pytest.approx(1.8)
+
+    def test_radius(self):
+        assert nx.radius(self.G) == 4
+
+    def test_periphery(self):
+        assert set(nx.periphery(self.G)) == {1, 4, 13, 16}
+
+    def test_center_simple_tree(self):
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5)])
+        assert nx.center(G) == [1, 2]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("r", range(2, 5))
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("h", range(1, 5))
+    def test_center_balanced_tree(self, r, h):
+        G = nx.balanced_tree(r, h)
+        assert nx.center(G) == [0]
+
+    def test_center(self):
+        assert set(nx.center(self.G)) == {6, 7, 10, 11}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [1, 2, 99, 100])
+    def test_center_path_graphs(self, n):
+        G = nx.path_graph(n)
+        expected = {(n - 1) // 2, math.ceil((n - 1) / 2)}
+        assert set(nx.center(G)) == expected
+
+    def test_bound_diameter(self):
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True) == 6
+
+    def test_bound_radius(self):
+        assert nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True) == 4
+
+    def test_bound_periphery(self):
+        result = {1, 4, 13, 16}
+        assert set(nx.periphery(self.G, usebounds=True)) == result
+
+    def test_bound_center(self):
+        result = {6, 7, 10, 11}
+        assert set(nx.center(self.G, usebounds=True)) == result
+
+    def test_radius_exception(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4)
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.diameter, G)
+
+    def test_eccentricity_infinite(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (3, 4)])
+            e = nx.eccentricity(G)
+
+    def test_eccentricity_undirected_not_connected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (3, 4)])
+            e = nx.eccentricity(G, sp=1)
+
+    def test_eccentricity_directed_weakly_connected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            DG = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 3)])
+            nx.eccentricity(DG)
+
+
+class TestWeightedDistance:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 1, weight=0.6, cost=0.6, high_cost=6)
+        G.add_edge(0, 2, weight=0.2, cost=0.2, high_cost=2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=0.1, cost=0.1, high_cost=1)
+        G.add_edge(2, 4, weight=0.7, cost=0.7, high_cost=7)
+        G.add_edge(2, 5, weight=0.9, cost=0.9, high_cost=9)
+        G.add_edge(1, 5, weight=0.3, cost=0.3, high_cost=3)
+        self.G = G
+        self.weight_fn = lambda v, u, e: 2
+
+    def test_eccentricity_weight_None(self):
+        assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, 1, weight=None) == 3
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, weight=None)
+        assert e[1] == 3
+
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=1, weight=None)
+        assert e == 3
+
+        # This behavior changed in version 1.8 (ticket #739)
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 1], weight=None)
+        assert e[1] == 3
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 2], weight=None)
+        assert e[1] == 3
+
+    def test_eccentricity_weight_attr(self):
+        assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, 1, weight="weight") == 1.5
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, weight="weight")
+        assert (
+            e
+            == nx.eccentricity(self.G, weight="cost")
+            != nx.eccentricity(self.G, weight="high_cost")
+        )
+        assert e[1] == 1.5
+
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=1, weight="weight")
+        assert e == 1.5
+
+        # This behavior changed in version 1.8 (ticket #739)
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 1], weight="weight")
+        assert e[1] == 1.5
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 2], weight="weight")
+        assert e[1] == 1.5
+
+    def test_eccentricity_weight_fn(self):
+        assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, 1, weight=self.weight_fn) == 6
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, weight=self.weight_fn)
+        assert e[1] == 6
+
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=1, weight=self.weight_fn)
+        assert e == 6
+
+        # This behavior changed in version 1.8 (ticket #739)
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 1], weight=self.weight_fn)
+        assert e[1] == 6
+        e = nx.eccentricity(self.G, v=[1, 2], weight=self.weight_fn)
+        assert e[1] == 6
+
+    def test_diameter_weight_None(self):
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G, weight=None) == 3
+
+    def test_diameter_weight_attr(self):
+        assert (
+            nx.diameter(self.G, weight="weight")
+            == nx.diameter(self.G, weight="cost")
+            == 1.6
+            != nx.diameter(self.G, weight="high_cost")
+        )
+
+    def test_diameter_weight_fn(self):
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G, weight=self.weight_fn) == 6
+
+    def test_radius_weight_None(self):
+        assert pytest.approx(nx.radius(self.G, weight=None)) == 2
+
+    def test_radius_weight_attr(self):
+        assert (
+            pytest.approx(nx.radius(self.G, weight="weight"))
+            == pytest.approx(nx.radius(self.G, weight="cost"))
+            == 0.9
+            != nx.radius(self.G, weight="high_cost")
+        )
+
+    def test_radius_weight_fn(self):
+        assert nx.radius(self.G, weight=self.weight_fn) == 4
+
+    def test_periphery_weight_None(self):
+        for v in set(nx.periphery(self.G, weight=None)):
+            assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight=None) == nx.diameter(
+                self.G, weight=None
+            )
+
+    def test_periphery_weight_attr(self):
+        periphery = set(nx.periphery(self.G, weight="weight"))
+        assert (
+            periphery
+            == set(nx.periphery(self.G, weight="cost"))
+            == set(nx.periphery(self.G, weight="high_cost"))
+        )
+        for v in periphery:
+            assert (
+                nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="high_cost")
+                != nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="weight")
+                == nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="cost")
+                == nx.diameter(self.G, weight="weight")
+                == nx.diameter(self.G, weight="cost")
+                != nx.diameter(self.G, weight="high_cost")
+            )
+            assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="high_cost") == nx.diameter(
+                self.G, weight="high_cost"
+            )
+
+    def test_periphery_weight_fn(self):
+        for v in set(nx.periphery(self.G, weight=self.weight_fn)):
+            assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight=self.weight_fn) == nx.diameter(
+                self.G, weight=self.weight_fn
+            )
+
+    def test_center_weight_None(self):
+        for v in set(nx.center(self.G, weight=None)):
+            assert pytest.approx(nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight=None)) == nx.radius(
+                self.G, weight=None
+            )
+
+    def test_center_weight_attr(self):
+        center = set(nx.center(self.G, weight="weight"))
+        assert (
+            center
+            == set(nx.center(self.G, weight="cost"))
+            != set(nx.center(self.G, weight="high_cost"))
+        )
+        for v in center:
+            assert (
+                nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="high_cost")
+                != pytest.approx(nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="weight"))
+                == pytest.approx(nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="cost"))
+                == nx.radius(self.G, weight="weight")
+                == nx.radius(self.G, weight="cost")
+                != nx.radius(self.G, weight="high_cost")
+            )
+            assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight="high_cost") == nx.radius(
+                self.G, weight="high_cost"
+            )
+
+    def test_center_weight_fn(self):
+        for v in set(nx.center(self.G, weight=self.weight_fn)):
+            assert nx.eccentricity(self.G, v, weight=self.weight_fn) == nx.radius(
+                self.G, weight=self.weight_fn
+            )
+
+    def test_bound_diameter_weight_None(self):
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=None) == 3
+
+    def test_bound_diameter_weight_attr(self):
+        assert (
+            nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost")
+            != nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="weight")
+            == nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="cost")
+            == 1.6
+            != nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost")
+        )
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost") == nx.diameter(
+            self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost"
+        )
+
+    def test_bound_diameter_weight_fn(self):
+        assert nx.diameter(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=self.weight_fn) == 6
+
+    def test_bound_radius_weight_None(self):
+        assert pytest.approx(nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=None)) == 2
+
+    def test_bound_radius_weight_attr(self):
+        assert (
+            nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost")
+            != pytest.approx(nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="weight"))
+            == pytest.approx(nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="cost"))
+            == 0.9
+            != nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost")
+        )
+        assert nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost") == nx.radius(
+            self.G, usebounds=True, weight="high_cost"
+        )
+
+    def test_bound_radius_weight_fn(self):
+        assert nx.radius(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=self.weight_fn) == 4
+
+    def test_bound_periphery_weight_None(self):
+        result = {1, 3, 4}
+        assert set(nx.periphery(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=None)) == result
+
+    def test_bound_periphery_weight_attr(self):
+        result = {4, 5}
+        assert (
+            set(nx.periphery(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="weight"))
+            == set(nx.periphery(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="cost"))
+            == result
+        )
+
+    def test_bound_periphery_weight_fn(self):
+        result = {1, 3, 4}
+        assert (
+            set(nx.periphery(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=self.weight_fn)) == result
+        )
+
+    def test_bound_center_weight_None(self):
+        result = {0, 2, 5}
+        assert set(nx.center(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=None)) == result
+
+    def test_bound_center_weight_attr(self):
+        result = {0}
+        assert (
+            set(nx.center(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="weight"))
+            == set(nx.center(self.G, usebounds=True, weight="cost"))
+            == result
+        )
+
+    def test_bound_center_weight_fn(self):
+        result = {0, 2, 5}
+        assert set(nx.center(self.G, usebounds=True, weight=self.weight_fn)) == result
+
+
+class TestResistanceDistance:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global np
+        np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+        sp = pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=4)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(1, 4, weight=3)
+        self.G = G
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_directed_graph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.resistance_distance(G)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_empty(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.resistance_distance(G)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_not_connected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            self.G.add_node(5)
+            nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 5)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_nodeA_not_in_graph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 9, 1)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_nodeB_not_in_graph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 9)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance(self):
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 3, "weight", True)
+        test_data = 1 / (1 / (2 + 4) + 1 / (1 + 3))
+        assert round(rd, 5) == round(test_data, 5)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_noinv(self):
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 3, "weight", False)
+        test_data = 1 / (1 / (1 / 2 + 1 / 4) + 1 / (1 / 1 + 1 / 3))
+        assert round(rd, 5) == round(test_data, 5)
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_no_weight(self):
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 3)
+        assert round(rd, 5) == 1
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_neg_weight(self):
+        self.G[2][3]["weight"] = -4
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 3, "weight", True)
+        test_data = 1 / (1 / (2 + -4) + 1 / (1 + 3))
+        assert round(rd, 5) == round(test_data, 5)
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=4)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(1, 4, weight=3)
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(G, 1, 3, "weight", True)
+        assert np.isclose(rd, 1 / (1 / (2 + 4) + 1 / (1 + 3)))
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_div0(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            self.G[1][2]["weight"] = 0
+            nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 3, "weight")
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_same_node(self):
+        assert nx.resistance_distance(self.G, 1, 1) == 0
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_only_nodeA(self):
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G, nodeA=1)
+        test_data = {}
+        test_data[1] = 0
+        test_data[2] = 0.75
+        test_data[3] = 1
+        test_data[4] = 0.75
+        assert isinstance(rd, dict)
+        assert sorted(rd.keys()) == sorted(test_data.keys())
+        for key in rd:
+            assert np.isclose(rd[key], test_data[key])
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_only_nodeB(self):
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G, nodeB=1)
+        test_data = {}
+        test_data[1] = 0
+        test_data[2] = 0.75
+        test_data[3] = 1
+        test_data[4] = 0.75
+        assert isinstance(rd, dict)
+        assert sorted(rd.keys()) == sorted(test_data.keys())
+        for key in rd:
+            assert np.isclose(rd[key], test_data[key])
+
+    def test_resistance_distance_all(self):
+        rd = nx.resistance_distance(self.G)
+        assert isinstance(rd, dict)
+        assert round(rd[1][3], 5) == 1
+
+
+class TestEffectiveGraphResistance:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global np
+        np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+        sp = pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=4)
+        self.G = G
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_directed_graph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.effective_graph_resistance(G)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_empty(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.effective_graph_resistance(G)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_not_connected(self):
+        G = nx.Graph([(1, 2), (3, 4)])
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(G)
+        assert np.isinf(RG)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance(self):
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(self.G, "weight", True)
+        rd12 = 1 / (1 / (1 + 4) + 1 / 2)
+        rd13 = 1 / (1 / (1 + 2) + 1 / 4)
+        rd23 = 1 / (1 / (2 + 4) + 1 / 1)
+        assert np.isclose(RG, rd12 + rd13 + rd23)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_noinv(self):
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(self.G, "weight", False)
+        rd12 = 1 / (1 / (1 / 1 + 1 / 4) + 1 / (1 / 2))
+        rd13 = 1 / (1 / (1 / 1 + 1 / 2) + 1 / (1 / 4))
+        rd23 = 1 / (1 / (1 / 2 + 1 / 4) + 1 / (1 / 1))
+        assert np.isclose(RG, rd12 + rd13 + rd23)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_no_weight(self):
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(self.G)
+        assert np.isclose(RG, 2)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_neg_weight(self):
+        self.G[2][3]["weight"] = -4
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(self.G, "weight", True)
+        rd12 = 1 / (1 / (1 + -4) + 1 / 2)
+        rd13 = 1 / (1 / (1 + 2) + 1 / (-4))
+        rd23 = 1 / (1 / (2 + -4) + 1 / 1)
+        assert np.isclose(RG, rd12 + rd13 + rd23)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=3)
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(G, "weight", True)
+        edge23 = 1 / (1 / 1 + 1 / 3)
+        rd12 = 1 / (1 / (1 + edge23) + 1 / 2)
+        rd13 = 1 / (1 / (1 + 2) + 1 / edge23)
+        rd23 = 1 / (1 / (2 + edge23) + 1 / 1)
+        assert np.isclose(RG, rd12 + rd13 + rd23)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_div0(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
+            self.G[1][2]["weight"] = 0
+            nx.effective_graph_resistance(self.G, "weight")
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_complete_graph(self):
+        N = 10
+        G = nx.complete_graph(N)
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(G)
+        assert np.isclose(RG, N - 1)
+
+    def test_effective_graph_resistance_path_graph(self):
+        N = 10
+        G = nx.path_graph(N)
+        RG = nx.effective_graph_resistance(G)
+        assert np.isclose(RG, (N - 1) * N * (N + 1) // 6)
+
+
+class TestBarycenter:
+    """Test :func:`networkx.algorithms.distance_measures.barycenter`."""
+
+    def barycenter_as_subgraph(self, g, **kwargs):
+        """Return the subgraph induced on the barycenter of g"""
+        b = nx.barycenter(g, **kwargs)
+        assert isinstance(b, list)
+        assert set(b) <= set(g)
+        return g.subgraph(b)
+
+    def test_must_be_connected(self):
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNoPath, nx.barycenter, nx.empty_graph(5))
+
+    def test_sp_kwarg(self):
+        # Complete graph K_5. Normally it works...
+        K_5 = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        sp = dict(nx.shortest_path_length(K_5))
+        assert nx.barycenter(K_5, sp=sp) == list(K_5)
+
+        # ...but not with the weight argument
+        for u, v, data in K_5.edges.data():
+            data["weight"] = 1
+        pytest.raises(ValueError, nx.barycenter, K_5, sp=sp, weight="weight")
+
+        # ...and a corrupted sp can make it seem like K_5 is disconnected
+        del sp[0][1]
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNoPath, nx.barycenter, K_5, sp=sp)
+
+    def test_trees(self):
+        """The barycenter of a tree is a single vertex or an edge.
+
+        See [West01]_, p. 78.
+        """
+        prng = Random(0xDEADBEEF)
+        for i in range(50):
+            RT = nx.random_labeled_tree(prng.randint(1, 75), seed=prng)
+            b = self.barycenter_as_subgraph(RT)
+            if len(b) == 2:
+                assert b.size() == 1
+            else:
+                assert len(b) == 1
+                assert b.size() == 0
+
+    def test_this_one_specific_tree(self):
+        """Test the tree pictured at the bottom of [West01]_, p. 78."""
+        g = nx.Graph(
+            {
+                "a": ["b"],
+                "b": ["a", "x"],
+                "x": ["b", "y"],
+                "y": ["x", "z"],
+                "z": ["y", 0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
+                0: ["z"],
+                1: ["z"],
+                2: ["z"],
+                3: ["z"],
+                4: ["z"],
+            }
+        )
+        b = self.barycenter_as_subgraph(g, attr="barycentricity")
+        assert list(b) == ["z"]
+        assert not b.edges
+        expected_barycentricity = {
+            0: 23,
+            1: 23,
+            2: 23,
+            3: 23,
+            4: 23,
+            "a": 35,
+            "b": 27,
+            "x": 21,
+            "y": 17,
+            "z": 15,
+        }
+        for node, barycentricity in expected_barycentricity.items():
+            assert g.nodes[node]["barycentricity"] == barycentricity
+
+        # Doubling weights should do nothing but double the barycentricities
+        for edge in g.edges:
+            g.edges[edge]["weight"] = 2
+        b = self.barycenter_as_subgraph(g, weight="weight", attr="barycentricity2")
+        assert list(b) == ["z"]
+        assert not b.edges
+        for node, barycentricity in expected_barycentricity.items():
+            assert g.nodes[node]["barycentricity2"] == barycentricity * 2
+
+
+class TestKemenyConstant:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global np
+        np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+        sp = pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+    def setup_method(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        w12 = 2
+        w13 = 3
+        w23 = 4
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=w12)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=w13)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=w23)
+        self.G = G
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_directed(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            nx.kemeny_constant(G)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_not_connected(self):
+        self.G.add_node(5)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.kemeny_constant(self.G)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_no_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.kemeny_constant(G)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_negative_weight(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        w12 = 2
+        w13 = 3
+        w23 = -10
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=w12)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=w13)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=w23)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.kemeny_constant(G, weight="weight")
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant(self):
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(self.G, weight="weight")
+        w12 = 2
+        w13 = 3
+        w23 = 4
+        test_data = (
+            3
+            / 2
+            * (w12 + w13)
+            * (w12 + w23)
+            * (w13 + w23)
+            / (
+                w12**2 * (w13 + w23)
+                + w13**2 * (w12 + w23)
+                + w23**2 * (w12 + w13)
+                + 3 * w12 * w13 * w23
+            )
+        )
+        assert np.isclose(K, test_data)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_no_weight(self):
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(self.G)
+        assert np.isclose(K, 4 / 3)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph()
+        w12_1 = 2
+        w12_2 = 1
+        w13 = 3
+        w23 = 4
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=w12_1)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=w12_2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=w13)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=w23)
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(G, weight="weight")
+        w12 = w12_1 + w12_2
+        test_data = (
+            3
+            / 2
+            * (w12 + w13)
+            * (w12 + w23)
+            * (w13 + w23)
+            / (
+                w12**2 * (w13 + w23)
+                + w13**2 * (w12 + w23)
+                + w23**2 * (w12 + w13)
+                + 3 * w12 * w13 * w23
+            )
+        )
+        assert np.isclose(K, test_data)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_weight0(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        w12 = 0
+        w13 = 3
+        w23 = 4
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=w12)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=w13)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=w23)
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(G, weight="weight")
+        test_data = (
+            3
+            / 2
+            * (w12 + w13)
+            * (w12 + w23)
+            * (w13 + w23)
+            / (
+                w12**2 * (w13 + w23)
+                + w13**2 * (w12 + w23)
+                + w23**2 * (w12 + w13)
+                + 3 * w12 * w13 * w23
+            )
+        )
+        assert np.isclose(K, test_data)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_selfloop(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        w11 = 1
+        w12 = 2
+        w13 = 3
+        w23 = 4
+        G.add_edge(1, 1, weight=w11)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=w12)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=w13)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=w23)
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(G, weight="weight")
+        test_data = (
+            (2 * w11 + 3 * w12 + 3 * w13)
+            * (w12 + w23)
+            * (w13 + w23)
+            / (
+                (w12 * w13 + w12 * w23 + w13 * w23)
+                * (w11 + 2 * w12 + 2 * w13 + 2 * w23)
+            )
+        )
+        assert np.isclose(K, test_data)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_complete_bipartite_graph(self):
+        # Theorem 1 in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X20302912
+        n1 = 5
+        n2 = 4
+        G = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(n1, n2)
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(G)
+        assert np.isclose(K, n1 + n2 - 3 / 2)
+
+    def test_kemeny_constant_path_graph(self):
+        # Theorem 2 in https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166218X20302912
+        n = 10
+        G = nx.path_graph(n)
+        K = nx.kemeny_constant(G)
+        assert np.isclose(K, n**2 / 3 - 2 * n / 3 + 1 / 2)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_distance_regular.py

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx import is_strongly_regular
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "f", (nx.is_distance_regular, nx.intersection_array, nx.is_strongly_regular)
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_constructor", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph))
+def test_raises_on_directed_and_multigraphs(f, graph_constructor):
+    G = graph_constructor([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+        f(G)
+
+
+class TestDistanceRegular:
+    def test_is_distance_regular(self):
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.icosahedral_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.petersen_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.cubical_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.complete_bipartite_graph(3, 3))
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.tetrahedral_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.dodecahedral_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.pappus_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.heawood_graph())
+        assert nx.is_distance_regular(nx.cycle_graph(3))
+        # no distance regular
+        assert not nx.is_distance_regular(nx.path_graph(4))
+
+    def test_not_connected(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [5, 6, 7])
+        assert not nx.is_distance_regular(G)
+
+    def test_global_parameters(self):
+        b, c = nx.intersection_array(nx.cycle_graph(5))
+        g = nx.global_parameters(b, c)
+        assert list(g) == [(0, 0, 2), (1, 0, 1), (1, 1, 0)]
+        b, c = nx.intersection_array(nx.cycle_graph(3))
+        g = nx.global_parameters(b, c)
+        assert list(g) == [(0, 0, 2), (1, 1, 0)]
+
+    def test_intersection_array(self):
+        b, c = nx.intersection_array(nx.cycle_graph(5))
+        assert b == [2, 1]
+        assert c == [1, 1]
+        b, c = nx.intersection_array(nx.dodecahedral_graph())
+        assert b == [3, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+        assert c == [1, 1, 1, 2, 3]
+        b, c = nx.intersection_array(nx.icosahedral_graph())
+        assert b == [5, 2, 1]
+        assert c == [1, 2, 5]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("f", (nx.is_distance_regular, nx.is_strongly_regular))
+def test_empty_graph_raises(f):
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, match="Graph has no nodes"):
+        f(G)
+
+
+class TestStronglyRegular:
+    """Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.is_strongly_regular`
+    function.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_cycle_graph(self):
+        """Tests that the cycle graph on five vertices is strongly
+        regular.
+
+        """
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(5)
+        assert is_strongly_regular(G)
+
+    def test_petersen_graph(self):
+        """Tests that the Petersen graph is strongly regular."""
+        G = nx.petersen_graph()
+        assert is_strongly_regular(G)
+
+    def test_path_graph(self):
+        """Tests that the path graph is not strongly regular."""
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert not is_strongly_regular(G)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_dominance.py

@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestImmediateDominators:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("G", [nx.Graph(), nx.MultiGraph()])
+    def test_raises_undirected(self, G):
+        """Check that `immediate_dominators` raises for undirected graphs."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match=r"not implemented for undirected"
+        ):
+            nx.immediate_dominators(G, 0)
+
+    def test_raises_node(self):
+        """Check that `immediate_dominators` raises when `start` is not in the graph."""
+        G = nx.empty_graph(1, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match=r"not in G"):
+            nx.immediate_dominators(G, 1)
+
+    def test_singleton(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(0)
+        assert nx.immediate_dominators(G, 0) == {}
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        assert nx.immediate_dominators(G, 0) == {}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("gen", [nx.path_graph, nx.cycle_graph])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [5, 10, 20])
+    def test_path_and_cycle(self, gen, n):
+        """Check `immediate_dominators` is correct for path and cycle graphs."""
+        G = gen(n, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        idom = nx.immediate_dominators(G, 0)
+        assert idom == {i: i - 1 for i in range(1, n)}
+
+    def test_unreachable(self):
+        n = 5
+        G = nx.path_graph(n, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        idom = nx.immediate_dominators(G, 1)
+        assert idom == {i: i - 1 for i in range(2, n)}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ["edgelist", "start"],
+        [
+            ([(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 3), (5, 4)], 5),
+            (
+                [
+                    (1, 2),
+                    (2, 1),
+                    (2, 3),
+                    (3, 2),
+                    (4, 2),
+                    (4, 3),
+                    (5, 1),
+                    (6, 4),
+                    (6, 5),
+                ],
+                6,
+            ),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_irreducible(self, edgelist, start):
+        """
+        Check `immediate_dominators` on irreducible reference graphs.
+
+        Graphs taken from figures 2 and 4 of "A simple, fast dominance algorithm." (2006).
+        https://hdl.handle.net/1911/96345
+        """
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edgelist)
+        idom = nx.immediate_dominators(G, start)
+        assert idom == dict.fromkeys(range(1, start), start)
+
+    def test_domrel_png(self):
+        # Graph taken from https://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Domrel.png
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 2)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        result = nx.immediate_dominators(G, 1)
+        assert result == {2: 1, 3: 2, 4: 2, 5: 2, 6: 2}
+        # Test postdominance.
+        result = nx.immediate_dominators(G.reverse(copy=False), 6)
+        assert result == {1: 2, 2: 6, 3: 5, 4: 5, 5: 2}
+
+    def test_boost_example(self):
+        # Graph taken from Figure 1 of
+        # http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_56_0/libs/graph/doc/lengauer_tarjan_dominator.htm
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 7), (3, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 7), (6, 4)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        result = nx.immediate_dominators(G, 0)
+        assert result == {1: 0, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 3, 5: 4, 6: 4, 7: 1}
+        # Test postdominance.
+        result = nx.immediate_dominators(G.reverse(copy=False), 7)
+        assert result == {0: 1, 1: 7, 2: 7, 3: 4, 4: 5, 5: 7, 6: 4}
+
+
+class TestDominanceFrontiers:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("G", [nx.Graph(), nx.MultiGraph()])
+    def test_raises_undirected(self, G):
+        """Check that `dominance_frontiers` raises for undirected graphs."""
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match=r"not implemented for undirected"
+        ):
+            nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 0)
+
+    def test_raises_node(self):
+        """Check that `dominance_frontiers` raises when `start` is not in the graph."""
+        G = nx.empty_graph(1, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match=r"not in G"):
+            nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 1)
+
+    def test_singleton(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(0)
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 0) == {0: set()}
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 0) == {0: {0}}
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("gen, df", [(nx.path_graph, set()), (nx.cycle_graph, {0})])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("n", [5, 10, 20])
+    def test_path_and_cycle(self, gen, df, n):
+        """Check that `dominance_frontiers` is correct for path and cycle graphs."""
+        G = gen(n, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 0) == dict.fromkeys(range(n), df)
+
+    def test_unreachable(self):
+        n = 5
+        G = nx.path_graph(n, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 1) == dict.fromkeys(range(1, n), set())
+
+    def test_irreducible1(self):
+        """
+        Graph taken from figure 2 of "A simple, fast dominance algorithm." (2006).
+        https://hdl.handle.net/1911/96345
+        """
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 2), (4, 1), (5, 3), (5, 4)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 5) == {
+            1: {2},
+            2: {1},
+            3: {2},
+            4: {1},
+            5: set(),
+        }
+
+    def test_irreducible2(self):
+        """
+        Graph taken from figure 4 of "A simple, fast dominance algorithm." (2006).
+        https://hdl.handle.net/1911/96345
+        """
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2), (4, 2), (4, 3), (5, 1), (6, 4), (6, 5)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 6) == {
+            1: {2},
+            2: {1, 3},
+            3: {2},
+            4: {2, 3},
+            5: {1},
+            6: set(),
+        }
+
+    def test_domrel_png(self):
+        # Graph taken from https://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Domrel.png
+        edges = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 6), (3, 5), (4, 5), (5, 2)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 1) == {
+            1: set(),
+            2: {2},
+            3: {5},
+            4: {5},
+            5: {2},
+            6: set(),
+        }
+        # Test postdominance.
+        result = nx.dominance_frontiers(G.reverse(copy=False), 6)
+        assert result == {1: set(), 2: {2}, 3: {2}, 4: {2}, 5: {2}, 6: set()}
+
+    def test_boost_example(self):
+        # Graph taken from Figure 1 of
+        # http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_56_0/libs/graph/doc/lengauer_tarjan_dominator.htm
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 7), (3, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 7), (6, 4)]
+        G = nx.DiGraph(edges)
+        assert nx.dominance_frontiers(G, 0) == {
+            0: set(),
+            1: set(),
+            2: {7},
+            3: {7},
+            4: {4, 7},
+            5: {7},
+            6: {4},
+            7: set(),
+        }
+        # Test postdominance.
+        result = nx.dominance_frontiers(G.reverse(copy=False), 7)
+        expected = {
+            0: set(),
+            1: set(),
+            2: {1},
+            3: {1},
+            4: {1, 4},
+            5: {1},
+            6: {4},
+            7: set(),
+        }
+        assert result == expected
+
+    def test_discard_issue(self):
+        # https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues/2071
+        g = nx.DiGraph()
+        g.add_edges_from(
+            [
+                ("b0", "b1"),
+                ("b1", "b2"),
+                ("b2", "b3"),
+                ("b3", "b1"),
+                ("b1", "b5"),
+                ("b5", "b6"),
+                ("b5", "b8"),
+                ("b6", "b7"),
+                ("b8", "b7"),
+                ("b7", "b3"),
+                ("b3", "b4"),
+            ]
+        )
+        df = nx.dominance_frontiers(g, "b0")
+        assert df == {
+            "b4": set(),
+            "b5": {"b3"},
+            "b6": {"b7"},
+            "b7": {"b3"},
+            "b0": set(),
+            "b1": {"b1"},
+            "b2": {"b3"},
+            "b3": {"b1"},
+            "b8": {"b7"},
+        }
+
+    def test_loop(self):
+        g = nx.DiGraph()
+        g.add_edges_from([("a", "b"), ("b", "c"), ("b", "a")])
+        df = nx.dominance_frontiers(g, "a")
+        assert df == {"a": {"a"}, "b": {"a"}, "c": set()}
+
+    def test_missing_immediate_doms(self):
+        # see https://github.com/networkx/networkx/issues/2070
+        g = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [
+            ("entry_1", "b1"),
+            ("b1", "b2"),
+            ("b2", "b3"),
+            ("b3", "exit"),
+            ("entry_2", "b3"),
+        ]
+
+        # entry_1
+        #   |
+        #   b1
+        #   |
+        #   b2  entry_2
+        #    |  /
+        #    b3
+        #    |
+        #   exit
+
+        g.add_edges_from(edges)
+        # formerly raised KeyError on entry_2 when parsing b3
+        # because entry_2 does not have immediate doms (no path)
+        nx.dominance_frontiers(g, "entry_1")
+
+    def test_loops_larger(self):
+        # from
+        # http://ecee.colorado.edu/~waite/Darmstadt/motion.html
+        g = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [
+            ("entry", "exit"),
+            ("entry", "1"),
+            ("1", "2"),
+            ("2", "3"),
+            ("3", "4"),
+            ("4", "5"),
+            ("5", "6"),
+            ("6", "exit"),
+            ("6", "2"),
+            ("5", "3"),
+            ("4", "4"),
+        ]
+
+        g.add_edges_from(edges)
+        df = nx.dominance_frontiers(g, "entry")
+        answer = {
+            "entry": set(),
+            "1": {"exit"},
+            "2": {"exit", "2"},
+            "3": {"exit", "3", "2"},
+            "4": {"exit", "4", "3", "2"},
+            "5": {"exit", "3", "2"},
+            "6": {"exit", "2"},
+            "exit": set(),
+        }
+        for n in df:
+            assert set(df[n]) == set(answer[n])

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_dominating.py

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_dominating_set():
+    G = nx.gnp_random_graph(100, 0.1)
+    D = nx.dominating_set(G)
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, D)
+    D = nx.dominating_set(G, start_with=0)
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, D)
+
+
+def test_complete():
+    """In complete graphs each node is a dominating set.
+    Thus the dominating set has to be of cardinality 1.
+    """
+    K4 = nx.complete_graph(4)
+    assert len(nx.dominating_set(K4)) == 1
+    K5 = nx.complete_graph(5)
+    assert len(nx.dominating_set(K5)) == 1
+
+
+def test_raise_dominating_set():
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        D = nx.dominating_set(G, start_with=10)
+
+
+def test_is_dominating_set():
+    G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    d = {1, 3}
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, d)
+    d = {0, 2}
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, d)
+    d = {1}
+    assert not nx.is_dominating_set(G, d)
+
+
+def test_wikipedia_is_dominating_set():
+    """Example from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominating_set"""
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 4), (1, 4), (2, 5)])
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, {4, 3, 5})
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, {0, 2})
+    assert nx.is_dominating_set(G, {1, 2})
+
+
+def test_is_connected_dominating_set():
+    G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    D = {1, 2}
+    assert nx.is_connected_dominating_set(G, D)
+    D = {1, 3}
+    assert not nx.is_connected_dominating_set(G, D)
+    D = {2, 3}
+    assert nx.is_connected(nx.subgraph(G, D))
+    assert not nx.is_connected_dominating_set(G, D)
+
+
+def test_null_graph_connected_dominating_set():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    assert 0 == len(nx.connected_dominating_set(G))
+
+
+def test_single_node_graph_connected_dominating_set():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_node(1)
+    CD = nx.connected_dominating_set(G)
+    assert nx.is_connected_dominating_set(G, CD)
+
+
+def test_raise_disconnected_graph_connected_dominating_set():
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_node(1)
+        G.add_node(2)
+        nx.connected_dominating_set(G)
+
+
+def test_complete_graph_connected_dominating_set():
+    K5 = nx.complete_graph(5)
+    assert 1 == len(nx.connected_dominating_set(K5))
+    K7 = nx.complete_graph(7)
+    assert 1 == len(nx.connected_dominating_set(K7))
+
+
+def test_docstring_example_connected_dominating_set():
+    G = nx.Graph(
+        [
+            (1, 2),
+            (1, 3),
+            (1, 4),
+            (1, 5),
+            (1, 6),
+            (2, 7),
+            (3, 8),
+            (4, 9),
+            (5, 10),
+            (6, 11),
+            (7, 12),
+            (8, 12),
+            (9, 12),
+            (10, 12),
+            (11, 12),
+        ]
+    )
+    assert {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} == nx.connected_dominating_set(G)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("seed", [1, 13, 29])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n,k,p", [(10, 3, 0.2), (100, 10, 0.7), (1000, 50, 0.5)])
+def test_connected_watts_strogatz_graph_connected_dominating_set(n, k, p, seed):
+    G = nx.connected_watts_strogatz_graph(n, k, p, seed=seed)
+    D = nx.connected_dominating_set(G)
+    assert nx.is_connected_dominating_set(G, D)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_efficiency.py

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""Unit tests for the :mod:`networkx.algorithms.efficiency` module."""
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestEfficiency:
+    def setup_method(self):
+        # G1 is a disconnected graph
+        self.G1 = nx.Graph()
+        self.G1.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+        # G2 is a cycle graph
+        self.G2 = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        # G3 is the triangle graph with one additional edge
+        self.G3 = nx.lollipop_graph(3, 1)
+
+    def test_efficiency_disconnected_nodes(self):
+        """
+        When nodes are disconnected, efficiency is 0
+        """
+        assert nx.efficiency(self.G1, 1, 2) == 0
+
+    def test_local_efficiency_disconnected_graph(self):
+        """
+        In a disconnected graph the efficiency is 0
+        """
+        assert nx.local_efficiency(self.G1) == 0
+
+    def test_efficiency(self):
+        assert nx.efficiency(self.G2, 0, 1) == 1
+        assert nx.efficiency(self.G2, 0, 2) == 1 / 2
+
+    def test_global_efficiency(self):
+        assert nx.global_efficiency(self.G2) == 5 / 6
+
+    def test_global_efficiency_complete_graph(self):
+        """
+        Tests that the average global efficiency of the complete graph is one.
+        """
+        for n in range(2, 10):
+            G = nx.complete_graph(n)
+            assert nx.global_efficiency(G) == 1
+
+    def test_local_efficiency_complete_graph(self):
+        """
+        Test that the local efficiency for a complete graph with at least 3
+        nodes should be one. For a graph with only 2 nodes, the induced
+        subgraph has no edges.
+        """
+        for n in range(3, 10):
+            G = nx.complete_graph(n)
+            assert nx.local_efficiency(G) == 1
+
+    def test_using_ego_graph(self):
+        """
+        Test that the ego graph is used when computing local efficiency.
+        For more information, see GitHub issue #2710.
+        """
+        assert nx.local_efficiency(self.G3) == 7 / 12

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_euler.py

@@ -0,0 +1,314 @@
+import collections
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("f", (nx.is_eulerian, nx.is_semieulerian))
+def test_empty_graph_raises(f):
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, match="Connectivity is undefined"):
+        f(G)
+
+
+class TestIsEulerian:
+    def test_is_eulerian(self):
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(nx.complete_graph(5))
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(nx.complete_graph(7))
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(nx.hypercube_graph(4))
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(nx.hypercube_graph(6))
+
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(nx.complete_graph(4))
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(nx.complete_graph(6))
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(nx.hypercube_graph(3))
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(nx.hypercube_graph(5))
+
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(nx.petersen_graph())
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(nx.path_graph(4))
+
+    def test_is_eulerian2(self):
+        # not connected
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(G)
+        # not strongly connected
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(G)
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        G.add_edge(3, 1)
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(G)
+
+
+class TestEulerianCircuit:
+    def test_eulerian_circuit_cycle(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=0))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [0, 3, 2, 1]
+        assert edges == [(0, 3), (3, 2), (2, 1), (1, 0)]
+
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=1))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [1, 2, 3, 0]
+        assert edges == [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (0, 1)]
+
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=0))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [0, 2, 1]
+        assert edges == [(0, 2), (2, 1), (1, 0)]
+
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=1))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [1, 2, 0]
+        assert edges == [(1, 2), (2, 0), (0, 1)]
+
+    def test_eulerian_circuit_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=0))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [0, 1, 2, 3]
+        assert edges == [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0)]
+
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=1))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [1, 2, 3, 0]
+        assert edges == [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (0, 1)]
+
+    def test_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=0))
+        nodes = [u for u, v in edges]
+        assert nodes == [0, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1]
+        assert edges == [(0, 3), (3, 2), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 0)]
+
+    def test_multigraph_with_keys(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph()
+        nx.add_cycle(G, [0, 1, 2, 3])
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2)
+        edges = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(G, source=0, keys=True))
+        nodes = [u for u, v, k in edges]
+        assert nodes == [0, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1]
+        assert edges[:2] == [(0, 3, 0), (3, 2, 0)]
+        assert collections.Counter(edges[2:5]) == collections.Counter(
+            [(2, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 2)]
+        )
+        assert edges[5:] == [(1, 0, 0)]
+
+    def test_not_eulerian(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            f = list(nx.eulerian_circuit(nx.complete_graph(4)))
+
+
+class TestIsSemiEulerian:
+    def test_is_semieulerian(self):
+        # Test graphs with Eulerian paths but no cycles return True.
+        assert nx.is_semieulerian(nx.path_graph(4))
+        G = nx.path_graph(6, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        assert nx.is_semieulerian(G)
+
+        # Test graphs with Eulerian cycles return False.
+        assert not nx.is_semieulerian(nx.complete_graph(5))
+        assert not nx.is_semieulerian(nx.complete_graph(7))
+        assert not nx.is_semieulerian(nx.hypercube_graph(4))
+        assert not nx.is_semieulerian(nx.hypercube_graph(6))
+
+
+class TestHasEulerianPath:
+    def test_has_eulerian_path_cyclic(self):
+        # Test graphs with Eulerian cycles return True.
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(nx.complete_graph(5))
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(nx.complete_graph(7))
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(nx.hypercube_graph(4))
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(nx.hypercube_graph(6))
+
+    def test_has_eulerian_path_non_cyclic(self):
+        # Test graphs with Eulerian paths but no cycles return True.
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(nx.path_graph(4))
+        G = nx.path_graph(6, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(G)
+
+    def test_has_eulerian_path_directed_graph(self):
+        # Test directed graphs and returns False
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (0, 2)])
+        assert not nx.has_eulerian_path(G)
+
+        # Test directed graphs without isolated node returns True
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)])
+        assert nx.has_eulerian_path(G)
+
+        # Test directed graphs with isolated node returns False
+        G.add_node(3)
+        assert not nx.has_eulerian_path(G)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("G", (nx.Graph(), nx.DiGraph()))
+    def test_has_eulerian_path_not_weakly_connected(self, G):
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (2, 3), (3, 2)])
+        assert not nx.has_eulerian_path(G)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("G", (nx.Graph(), nx.DiGraph()))
+    def test_has_eulerian_path_unbalancedins_more_than_one(self, G):
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (2, 3)])
+        assert not nx.has_eulerian_path(G)
+
+
+class TestFindPathStart:
+    def testfind_path_start(self):
+        find_path_start = nx.algorithms.euler._find_path_start
+        # Test digraphs return correct starting node.
+        G = nx.path_graph(6, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+        assert find_path_start(G) == 0
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0), (4, 0)]
+        assert find_path_start(nx.DiGraph(edges)) == 4
+
+        # Test graph with no Eulerian path return None.
+        edges = [(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4)]
+        assert find_path_start(nx.DiGraph(edges)) is None
+
+
+class TestEulerianPath:
+    def test_eulerian_path(self):
+        x = [(4, 0), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 0)]
+        for e1, e2 in zip(x, nx.eulerian_path(nx.DiGraph(x))):
+            assert e1 == e2
+
+    def test_eulerian_path_straight_link(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        result = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)]
+        G.add_edges_from(result)
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G))
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=1))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=3))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=4))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=5))
+
+    def test_eulerian_path_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+        result = [(2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 3)]
+        G.add_edges_from(result)
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G))
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=2))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=3))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=4))
+
+    def test_eulerian_path_eulerian_circuit(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        result = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1)]
+        result2 = [(2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 1), (1, 2)]
+        result3 = [(3, 4), (4, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)]
+        G.add_edges_from(result)
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G))
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=1))
+        assert result2 == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=2))
+        assert result3 == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=3))
+
+    def test_eulerian_path_undirected(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        result = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)]
+        result2 = [(5, 4), (4, 3), (3, 2), (2, 1)]
+        G.add_edges_from(result)
+        assert list(nx.eulerian_path(G)) in (result, result2)
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=1))
+        assert result2 == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=5))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=3))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=2))
+
+    def test_eulerian_path_multigraph_undirected(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph()
+        result = [(2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4)]
+        G.add_edges_from(result)
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G))
+        assert result == list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=2))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=3))
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            list(nx.eulerian_path(G, source=1))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        ("graph_type", "result"),
+        (
+            (nx.MultiGraph, [(0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 1)]),
+            (nx.MultiDiGraph, [(0, 1, 0), (1, 0, 0)]),
+        ),
+    )
+    def test_eulerian_with_keys(self, graph_type, result):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 0)])
+        answer = nx.eulerian_path(G, keys=True)
+        assert list(answer) == result
+
+
+class TestEulerize:
+    def test_disconnected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.from_edgelist([(0, 1), (2, 3)])
+            nx.eulerize(G)
+
+    def test_null_graph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept):
+            nx.eulerize(nx.Graph())
+
+    def test_null_multigraph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept):
+            nx.eulerize(nx.MultiGraph())
+
+    def test_on_empty_graph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            nx.eulerize(nx.empty_graph(3))
+
+    def test_on_eulerian(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(3)
+        H = nx.eulerize(G)
+        assert nx.is_isomorphic(G, H)
+
+    def test_on_eulerian_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(nx.cycle_graph(3))
+        G.add_edge(0, 1)
+        H = nx.eulerize(G)
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(H)
+
+    def test_on_complete_graph(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(nx.eulerize(G))
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(nx.eulerize(nx.MultiGraph(G)))
+
+    def test_on_non_eulerian_graph(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(18)
+        G.add_edge(0, 18)
+        G.add_edge(18, 19)
+        G.add_edge(17, 19)
+        G.add_edge(4, 20)
+        G.add_edge(20, 21)
+        G.add_edge(21, 22)
+        G.add_edge(22, 23)
+        G.add_edge(23, 24)
+        G.add_edge(24, 25)
+        G.add_edge(25, 26)
+        G.add_edge(26, 27)
+        G.add_edge(27, 28)
+        G.add_edge(28, 13)
+        assert not nx.is_eulerian(G)
+        G = nx.eulerize(G)
+        assert nx.is_eulerian(G)
+        assert nx.number_of_edges(G) == 39

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_graph_hashing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,872 @@
+import copy
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+# Unit tests relevant for both functions in this module.
+
+
+def test_positive_iters():
+    G1 = nx.empty_graph()
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match="The WL algorithm requires that `iterations` be positive",
+    ):
+        nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, iterations=-3)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match="The WL algorithm requires that `iterations` be positive",
+    ):
+        nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G1, iterations=-3)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match="The WL algorithm requires that `iterations` be positive",
+    ):
+        nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, iterations=0)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        ValueError,
+        match="The WL algorithm requires that `iterations` be positive",
+    ):
+        nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G1, iterations=0)
+
+
+# Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash` function
+
+
+def test_empty_graph_hash():
+    """
+    empty graphs should give hashes regardless of other params
+    """
+    G1 = nx.empty_graph()
+    G2 = nx.empty_graph()
+
+    h1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1)
+    h2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2)
+    h3 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, edge_attr="edge_attr1")
+    h4 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, node_attr="node_attr1")
+    h5 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+        G2, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1"
+    )
+    h6 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, iterations=10)
+
+    assert h1 == h2
+    assert h1 == h3
+    assert h1 == h4
+    assert h1 == h5
+    assert h1 == h6
+
+
+def test_directed():
+    """
+    A directed graph with no bi-directional edges should yield different a graph hash
+    to the same graph taken as undirected if there are no hash collisions.
+    """
+    r = 10
+    for i in range(r):
+        G_directed = nx.gn_graph(10 + r, seed=100 + i)
+        G_undirected = nx.to_undirected(G_directed)
+
+        h_directed = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G_directed)
+        h_undirected = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G_undirected)
+
+        assert h_directed != h_undirected
+
+
+def test_reversed():
+    """
+    A directed graph with no bi-directional edges should yield different a graph hash
+    to the same graph taken with edge directions reversed if there are no hash
+    collisions. Here we test a cycle graph which is the minimal counterexample
+    """
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(5, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    nx.set_node_attributes(G, {n: str(n) for n in G.nodes()}, name="label")
+
+    G_reversed = G.reverse()
+
+    h = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G, node_attr="label")
+    h_reversed = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G_reversed, node_attr="label")
+
+    assert h != h_reversed
+
+
+def test_isomorphic():
+    """
+    graph hashes should be invariant to node-relabeling (when the output is reindexed
+    by the same mapping)
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=200 + i)
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g1_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1)
+        g2_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2)
+
+        assert g1_hash == g2_hash
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_edge_attr():
+    """
+    Isomorphic graphs with differing edge attributes should yield different graph
+    hashes if the 'edge_attr' argument is supplied and populated in the graph,
+    and there are no hash collisions.
+    The output should still be invariant to node-relabeling
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=300 + i)
+
+        for a, b in G1.edges:
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr1"] = f"{a}-{b}-1"
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr2"] = f"{a}-{b}-2"
+
+        g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr1"
+        )
+        g1_hash_with_edge_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_no_edge_attr = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, edge_attr=None)
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 != g1_hash_no_edge_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr2 != g1_hash_no_edge_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 != g1_hash_with_edge_attr2
+
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g2_hash_with_edge_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr1"
+        )
+        g2_hash_with_edge_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr2"
+        )
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 == g2_hash_with_edge_attr1
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr2 == g2_hash_with_edge_attr2
+
+
+def test_missing_edge_attr():
+    """
+    If the 'edge_attr' argument is supplied but is missing from an edge in the graph,
+    we should raise a KeyError
+    """
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 2, {"edge_attr1": "a"}), (1, 3, {})])
+    pytest.raises(KeyError, nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash, G, edge_attr="edge_attr1")
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_node_attr():
+    """
+    Isomorphic graphs with differing node attributes should yield different graph
+    hashes if the 'node_attr' argument is supplied and populated in the graph, and
+    there are no hash collisions.
+    The output should still be invariant to node-relabeling
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=400 + i)
+
+        for u in G1.nodes():
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr1"] = f"{u}-1"
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr2"] = f"{u}-2"
+
+        g1_hash_with_node_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g1_hash_with_node_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_no_node_attr = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, node_attr=None)
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr1 != g1_hash_no_node_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr2 != g1_hash_no_node_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr1 != g1_hash_with_node_attr2
+
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g2_hash_with_node_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g2_hash_with_node_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr1 == g2_hash_with_node_attr1
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr2 == g2_hash_with_node_attr2
+
+
+def test_missing_node_attr():
+    """
+    If the 'node_attr' argument is supplied but is missing from a node in the graph,
+    we should raise a KeyError
+    """
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_nodes_from([(1, {"node_attr1": "a"}), (2, {})])
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (1, 4)])
+    pytest.raises(KeyError, nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash, G, node_attr="node_attr1")
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_edge_attr_and_node_attr():
+    """
+    Isomorphic graphs with differing node attributes should yield different graph
+    hashes if the 'node_attr' and 'edge_attr' argument is supplied and populated in
+    the graph, and there are no hash collisions.
+    The output should still be invariant to node-relabeling
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=500 + i)
+
+        for u in G1.nodes():
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr1"] = f"{u}-1"
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr2"] = f"{u}-2"
+
+        for a, b in G1.edges:
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr1"] = f"{a}-{b}-1"
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr2"] = f"{a}-{b}-2"
+
+        g1_hash_edge1_node1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g1_hash_edge2_node2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr2", node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_edge1_node2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_no_attr = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1)
+
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node1 != g1_hash_no_attr
+        assert g1_hash_edge2_node2 != g1_hash_no_attr
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node1 != g1_hash_edge2_node2
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node2 != g1_hash_edge2_node2
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node2 != g1_hash_edge1_node1
+
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g2_hash_edge1_node1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g2_hash_edge2_node2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr2", node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node1 == g2_hash_edge1_node1
+        assert g1_hash_edge2_node2 == g2_hash_edge2_node2
+
+
+def test_digest_size():
+    """
+    The hash string lengths should be as expected for a variety of graphs and
+    digest sizes
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=1000 + i)
+
+        h16 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G)
+        h32 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G, digest_size=32)
+
+        assert h16 != h32
+        assert len(h16) == 16 * 2
+        assert len(h32) == 32 * 2
+
+
+def test_directed_bugs():
+    """
+    These were bugs for directed graphs as discussed in issue #7806
+    """
+    Ga = nx.DiGraph()
+    Gb = nx.DiGraph()
+    Ga.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    Gb.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    Ga.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (3, 2)])
+    Gb.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (3, 4)])
+    Ga_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Ga)
+    Gb_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Gb)
+    assert Ga_hash != Gb_hash
+
+    Tree1 = nx.DiGraph()
+    Tree1.add_edges_from([(0, 4), (1, 5), (2, 6), (3, 7)])
+    Tree1.add_edges_from([(4, 8), (5, 8), (6, 9), (7, 9)])
+    Tree1.add_edges_from([(8, 10), (9, 10)])
+    nx.set_node_attributes(
+        Tree1, {10: "s", 8: "a", 9: "a", 4: "b", 5: "b", 6: "b", 7: "b"}, "weight"
+    )
+    Tree2 = copy.deepcopy(Tree1)
+    nx.set_node_attributes(Tree1, {0: "d", 1: "c", 2: "d", 3: "c"}, "weight")
+    nx.set_node_attributes(Tree2, {0: "d", 1: "d", 2: "c", 3: "c"}, "weight")
+    Tree1_hash_short = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+        Tree1, iterations=1, node_attr="weight"
+    )
+    Tree2_hash_short = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+        Tree2, iterations=1, node_attr="weight"
+    )
+    assert Tree1_hash_short == Tree2_hash_short
+    Tree1_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+        Tree1, node_attr="weight"
+    )  # Default is 3 iterations
+    Tree2_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Tree2, node_attr="weight")
+    assert Tree1_hash != Tree2_hash
+
+
+def test_trivial_labels_isomorphism():
+    """
+    Trivial labelling of the graph should not change isomorphism verdicts.
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=500 + i)
+        G2 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=42 + i)
+        G1_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1)
+        G2_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2)
+        equal = G1_hash == G2_hash
+
+        nx.set_node_attributes(G1, values=1, name="weight")
+        nx.set_node_attributes(G2, values=1, name="weight")
+        G1_hash_node = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, node_attr="weight")
+        G2_hash_node = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, node_attr="weight")
+        equal_node = G1_hash_node == G2_hash_node
+
+        nx.set_edge_attributes(G1, values="a", name="e_weight")
+        nx.set_edge_attributes(G2, values="a", name="e_weight")
+        G1_hash_edge = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, edge_attr="e_weight")
+        G2_hash_edge = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, edge_attr="e_weight")
+        equal_edge = G1_hash_edge == G2_hash_edge
+
+        G1_hash_both = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="e_weight", node_attr="weight"
+        )
+        G2_hash_both = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, edge_attr="e_weight", node_attr="weight"
+        )
+        equal_both = G1_hash_both == G2_hash_both
+
+        assert equal == equal_node
+        assert equal_node == equal_edge
+        assert equal_edge == equal_both
+
+
+def test_trivial_labels_isomorphism_directed():
+    """
+    Trivial labelling of the graph should not change isomorphism verdicts on digraphs.
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, directed=True, seed=500 + i)
+        G2 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, directed=True, seed=42 + i)
+        G1_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1)
+        G2_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2)
+        equal = G1_hash == G2_hash
+
+        nx.set_node_attributes(G1, values=1, name="weight")
+        nx.set_node_attributes(G2, values=1, name="weight")
+        G1_hash_node = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, node_attr="weight")
+        G2_hash_node = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, node_attr="weight")
+        equal_node = G1_hash_node == G2_hash_node
+
+        nx.set_edge_attributes(G1, values="a", name="e_weight")
+        nx.set_edge_attributes(G2, values="a", name="e_weight")
+        G1_hash_edge = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, edge_attr="e_weight")
+        G2_hash_edge = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G2, edge_attr="e_weight")
+        equal_edge = G1_hash_edge == G2_hash_edge
+
+        G1_hash_both = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="e_weight", node_attr="weight"
+        )
+        G2_hash_both = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G2, edge_attr="e_weight", node_attr="weight"
+        )
+        equal_both = G1_hash_both == G2_hash_both
+
+        assert equal == equal_node
+        assert equal_node == equal_edge
+        assert equal_edge == equal_both
+
+    # Specific case that was found to be a bug in issue #7806
+    # Without weights worked
+    Ga = nx.DiGraph()
+    Ga.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3, 4])
+    Gb = copy.deepcopy(Ga)
+    Ga.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (3, 2)])
+    Gb.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (3, 4)])
+    Ga_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Ga)
+    Gb_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Gb)
+    assert Ga_hash != Gb_hash
+
+    # Now with trivial weights
+    nx.set_node_attributes(Ga, values=1, name="weight")
+    nx.set_node_attributes(Gb, values=1, name="weight")
+    Ga_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Ga, node_attr="weight")
+    Gb_hash = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(Gb, node_attr="weight")
+    assert Ga_hash != Gb_hash
+
+
+def test_trivial_labels_hashes():
+    """
+    Test that 'empty' labelling of nodes or edges shouldn't have a different impact
+    on the calculated hash. Note that we cannot assume that trivial weights have no
+    impact at all. Without (trivial) weights, a node will start with hashing its
+    degree. This step is omitted when there are weights.
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=500 + i)
+        nx.set_node_attributes(G1, values="", name="weight")
+        first = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, node_attr="weight")
+        nx.set_edge_attributes(G1, values="", name="e_weight")
+        second = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(G1, edge_attr="e_weight")
+        assert first == second
+        third = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_graph_hash(
+            G1, edge_attr="e_weight", node_attr="weight"
+        )
+        assert second == third
+
+
+# Unit tests for the :func:`~networkx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes` function
+
+
+def is_subiteration(a, b):
+    """
+    returns True if that each hash sequence in 'a' is a prefix for
+    the corresponding sequence indexed by the same node in 'b'.
+    """
+    return all(b[node][: len(hashes)] == hashes for node, hashes in a.items())
+
+
+def hexdigest_sizes_correct(a, digest_size):
+    """
+    returns True if all hex digest sizes are the expected length in a
+    node:subgraph-hashes dictionary. Hex digest string length == 2 * bytes digest
+    length since each pair of hex digits encodes 1 byte
+    (https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html)
+    """
+    hexdigest_size = digest_size * 2
+
+    def list_digest_sizes_correct(l):
+        return all(len(x) == hexdigest_size for x in l)
+
+    return all(list_digest_sizes_correct(hashes) for hashes in a.values())
+
+
+def test_empty_graph_subgraph_hash():
+    """ "
+    empty graphs should give empty dict subgraph hashes regardless of other params
+    """
+    G = nx.empty_graph()
+
+    subgraph_hashes1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G)
+    subgraph_hashes2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, edge_attr="edge_attr")
+    subgraph_hashes3 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, node_attr="edge_attr")
+    subgraph_hashes4 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, iterations=2)
+    subgraph_hashes5 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, digest_size=64)
+
+    assert subgraph_hashes1 == {}
+    assert subgraph_hashes2 == {}
+    assert subgraph_hashes3 == {}
+    assert subgraph_hashes4 == {}
+    assert subgraph_hashes5 == {}
+
+
+def test_directed_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    A directed graph with no bi-directional edges should yield different subgraph
+    hashes to the same graph taken as undirected, if all hashes don't collide.
+    """
+    r = 10
+    for i in range(r):
+        G_directed = nx.gn_graph(10 + r, seed=100 + i)
+        G_undirected = nx.to_undirected(G_directed)
+
+        directed_subgraph_hashes = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G_directed)
+        undirected_subgraph_hashes = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G_undirected)
+
+        assert directed_subgraph_hashes != undirected_subgraph_hashes
+
+
+def test_reversed_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    A directed graph with no bi-directional edges should yield different subgraph
+    hashes to the same graph taken with edge directions reversed if there are no
+    hash collisions. Here we test a cycle graph which is the minimal counterexample
+    """
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(5, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    nx.set_node_attributes(G, {n: str(n) for n in G.nodes()}, name="label")
+
+    G_reversed = G.reverse()
+
+    h = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, node_attr="label")
+    h_reversed = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G_reversed, node_attr="label")
+
+    assert h != h_reversed
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    the subgraph hashes should be invariant to node-relabeling when the output is
+    reindexed by the same mapping and all hashes don't collide.
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=200 + i)
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g1_subgraph_hashes = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G1)
+        g2_subgraph_hashes = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G2)
+
+        assert g1_subgraph_hashes == {-1 * k: v for k, v in g2_subgraph_hashes.items()}
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_edge_attr_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    Isomorphic graphs with differing edge attributes should yield different subgraph
+    hashes if the 'edge_attr' argument is supplied and populated in the graph, and
+    all hashes don't collide.
+    The output should still be invariant to node-relabeling
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=300 + i)
+
+        for a, b in G1.edges:
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr1"] = f"{a}-{b}-1"
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr2"] = f"{a}-{b}-2"
+
+        g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr1"
+        )
+        g1_hash_with_edge_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_no_edge_attr = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G1, edge_attr=None)
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 != g1_hash_no_edge_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr2 != g1_hash_no_edge_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 != g1_hash_with_edge_attr2
+
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g2_hash_with_edge_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr1"
+        )
+        g2_hash_with_edge_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr2"
+        )
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr1 == {
+            -1 * k: v for k, v in g2_hash_with_edge_attr1.items()
+        }
+        assert g1_hash_with_edge_attr2 == {
+            -1 * k: v for k, v in g2_hash_with_edge_attr2.items()
+        }
+
+
+def test_missing_edge_attr_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    If the 'edge_attr' argument is supplied but is missing from an edge in the graph,
+    we should raise a KeyError
+    """
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 2, {"edge_attr1": "a"}), (1, 3, {})])
+    pytest.raises(
+        KeyError, nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes, G, edge_attr="edge_attr1"
+    )
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_node_attr_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    Isomorphic graphs with differing node attributes should yield different subgraph
+    hashes if the 'node_attr' argument is supplied and populated in the graph, and
+    all hashes don't collide.
+    The output should still be invariant to node-relabeling
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=400 + i)
+
+        for u in G1.nodes():
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr1"] = f"{u}-1"
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr2"] = f"{u}-2"
+
+        g1_hash_with_node_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g1_hash_with_node_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_no_node_attr = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G1, node_attr=None)
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr1 != g1_hash_no_node_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr2 != g1_hash_no_node_attr
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr1 != g1_hash_with_node_attr2
+
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g2_hash_with_node_attr1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G2, node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g2_hash_with_node_attr2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G2, node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr1 == {
+            -1 * k: v for k, v in g2_hash_with_node_attr1.items()
+        }
+        assert g1_hash_with_node_attr2 == {
+            -1 * k: v for k, v in g2_hash_with_node_attr2.items()
+        }
+
+
+def test_missing_node_attr_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    If the 'node_attr' argument is supplied but is missing from a node in the graph,
+    we should raise a KeyError
+    """
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_nodes_from([(1, {"node_attr1": "a"}), (2, {})])
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (1, 4)])
+    pytest.raises(
+        KeyError, nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes, G, node_attr="node_attr1"
+    )
+
+
+def test_isomorphic_edge_attr_and_node_attr_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    Isomorphic graphs with differing node attributes should yield different subgraph
+    hashes if the 'node_attr' and 'edge_attr' argument is supplied and populated in
+    the graph, and all hashes don't collide
+    The output should still be invariant to node-relabeling
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G1 = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=500 + i)
+
+        for u in G1.nodes():
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr1"] = f"{u}-1"
+            G1.nodes[u]["node_attr2"] = f"{u}-2"
+
+        for a, b in G1.edges:
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr1"] = f"{a}-{b}-1"
+            G1[a][b]["edge_attr2"] = f"{a}-{b}-2"
+
+        g1_hash_edge1_node1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g1_hash_edge2_node2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr2", node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_edge1_node2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G1, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+        g1_hash_no_attr = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G1)
+
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node1 != g1_hash_no_attr
+        assert g1_hash_edge2_node2 != g1_hash_no_attr
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node1 != g1_hash_edge2_node2
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node2 != g1_hash_edge2_node2
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node2 != g1_hash_edge1_node1
+
+        G2 = nx.relabel_nodes(G1, {u: -1 * u for u in G1.nodes()})
+
+        g2_hash_edge1_node1 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1"
+        )
+        g2_hash_edge2_node2 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G2, edge_attr="edge_attr2", node_attr="node_attr2"
+        )
+
+        assert g1_hash_edge1_node1 == {
+            -1 * k: v for k, v in g2_hash_edge1_node1.items()
+        }
+        assert g1_hash_edge2_node2 == {
+            -1 * k: v for k, v in g2_hash_edge2_node2.items()
+        }
+
+
+def test_iteration_depth():
+    """
+    All nodes should have the correct number of subgraph hashes in the output when
+    using degree as initial node labels.
+    Subsequent iteration depths for the same graph should be additive for each node
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=600 + i)
+
+        depth3 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, iterations=3)
+        depth4 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, iterations=4)
+        depth5 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, iterations=5)
+
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 3 for hashes in depth3.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 4 for hashes in depth4.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 5 for hashes in depth5.values())
+
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth4)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth4, depth5)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth5)
+
+
+def test_iteration_depth_edge_attr():
+    """
+    All nodes should have the correct number of subgraph hashes in the output when
+    setting initial node labels empty and using an edge attribute when aggregating
+    neighborhoods.
+    Subsequent iteration depths for the same graph should be additive for each node
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=700 + i)
+
+        for a, b in G.edges:
+            G[a][b]["edge_attr1"] = f"{a}-{b}-1"
+
+        depth3 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, edge_attr="edge_attr1", iterations=3
+        )
+        depth4 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, edge_attr="edge_attr1", iterations=4
+        )
+        depth5 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, edge_attr="edge_attr1", iterations=5
+        )
+
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 3 for hashes in depth3.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 4 for hashes in depth4.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 5 for hashes in depth5.values())
+
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth4)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth4, depth5)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth5)
+
+
+def test_iteration_depth_node_attr():
+    """
+    All nodes should have the correct number of subgraph hashes in the output when
+    setting initial node labels to an attribute.
+    Subsequent iteration depths for the same graph should be additive for each node
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=800 + i)
+
+        for u in G.nodes():
+            G.nodes[u]["node_attr1"] = f"{u}-1"
+
+        depth3 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, node_attr="node_attr1", iterations=3
+        )
+        depth4 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, node_attr="node_attr1", iterations=4
+        )
+        depth5 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, node_attr="node_attr1", iterations=5
+        )
+
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 3 for hashes in depth3.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 4 for hashes in depth4.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 5 for hashes in depth5.values())
+
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth4)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth4, depth5)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth5)
+
+
+def test_iteration_depth_node_edge_attr():
+    """
+    All nodes should have the correct number of subgraph hashes in the output when
+    setting initial node labels to an attribute and also using an edge attribute when
+    aggregating neighborhoods.
+    Subsequent iteration depths for the same graph should be additive for each node
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=900 + i)
+
+        for u in G.nodes():
+            G.nodes[u]["node_attr1"] = f"{u}-1"
+
+        for a, b in G.edges:
+            G[a][b]["edge_attr1"] = f"{a}-{b}-1"
+
+        depth3 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1", iterations=3
+        )
+        depth4 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1", iterations=4
+        )
+        depth5 = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+            G, edge_attr="edge_attr1", node_attr="node_attr1", iterations=5
+        )
+
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 3 for hashes in depth3.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 4 for hashes in depth4.values())
+        assert all(len(hashes) == 5 for hashes in depth5.values())
+
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth4)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth4, depth5)
+        assert is_subiteration(depth3, depth5)
+
+
+def test_digest_size_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    The hash string lengths should be as expected for a variety of graphs and
+    digest sizes
+    """
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(1, r + 1):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * i, seed=1000 + i)
+
+        digest_size16_hashes = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G)
+        digest_size32_hashes = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, digest_size=32)
+
+        assert digest_size16_hashes != digest_size32_hashes
+
+        assert hexdigest_sizes_correct(digest_size16_hashes, 16)
+        assert hexdigest_sizes_correct(digest_size32_hashes, 32)
+
+
+def test_initial_node_labels_subgraph_hash():
+    """
+    Including the hashed initial label prepends an extra hash to the lists
+    """
+    G = nx.path_graph(5)
+    nx.set_node_attributes(G, {i: int(0 < i < 4) for i in G}, "label")
+    # initial node labels:
+    # 0--1--1--1--0
+
+    without_initial_label = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(G, node_attr="label")
+    assert all(len(v) == 3 for v in without_initial_label.values())
+    # 3 different 1 hop nhds
+    assert len({v[0] for v in without_initial_label.values()}) == 3
+
+    with_initial_label = nx.weisfeiler_lehman_subgraph_hashes(
+        G, node_attr="label", include_initial_labels=True
+    )
+    assert all(len(v) == 4 for v in with_initial_label.values())
+    # 2 different initial labels
+    assert len({v[0] for v in with_initial_label.values()}) == 2
+
+    # check hashes match otherwise
+    for u in G:
+        for a, b in zip(
+            with_initial_label[u][1:], without_initial_label[u], strict=True
+        ):
+            assert a == b

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_graphical.py

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_valid_degree_sequence1():
+    n = 100
+    p = 0.3
+    for i in range(10):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p)
+        deg = (d for n, d in G.degree())
+        assert nx.is_graphical(deg, method="eg")
+        assert nx.is_graphical(deg, method="hh")
+
+
+def test_valid_degree_sequence2():
+    n = 100
+    for i in range(10):
+        G = nx.barabasi_albert_graph(n, 1)
+        deg = (d for n, d in G.degree())
+        assert nx.is_graphical(deg, method="eg")
+        assert nx.is_graphical(deg, method="hh")
+
+
+def test_string_input():
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, [], "foo")
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, ["red"], "hh")
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, ["red"], "eg")
+
+
+def test_non_integer_input():
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, [72.5], "eg")
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, [72.5], "hh")
+
+
+def test_negative_input():
+    assert not nx.is_graphical([-1], "hh")
+    assert not nx.is_graphical([-1], "eg")
+
+
+class TestAtlas:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        global atlas
+        from networkx.generators import atlas
+
+        cls.GAG = atlas.graph_atlas_g()
+
+    def test_atlas(self):
+        for graph in self.GAG:
+            deg = (d for n, d in graph.degree())
+            assert nx.is_graphical(deg, method="eg")
+            assert nx.is_graphical(deg, method="hh")
+
+
+def test_small_graph_true():
+    z = [5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert nx.is_graphical(z, method="hh")
+    assert nx.is_graphical(z, method="eg")
+    z = [10, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2]
+    assert nx.is_graphical(z, method="hh")
+    assert nx.is_graphical(z, method="eg")
+    z = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]
+    assert nx.is_graphical(z, method="hh")
+    assert nx.is_graphical(z, method="eg")
+
+
+def test_small_graph_false():
+    z = [1000, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_graphical(z, method="hh")
+    assert not nx.is_graphical(z, method="eg")
+    z = [6, 5, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_graphical(z, method="hh")
+    assert not nx.is_graphical(z, method="eg")
+    z = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]
+    assert not nx.is_graphical(z, method="hh")
+    assert not nx.is_graphical(z, method="eg")
+
+
+def test_directed_degree_sequence():
+    # Test a range of valid directed degree sequences
+    n, r = 100, 10
+    p = 1.0 / r
+    for i in range(r):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(n, p * (i + 1), None, True)
+        din = (d for n, d in G.in_degree())
+        dout = (d for n, d in G.out_degree())
+        assert nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+
+
+def test_small_directed_sequences():
+    dout = [5, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    din = [3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1]
+    assert nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+    # Test nongraphical directed sequence
+    dout = [1000, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    din = [103, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102, 102]
+    assert not nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+    # Test digraphical small sequence
+    dout = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]
+    din = [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1]
+    assert nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+    # Test nonmatching sum
+    din = [2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+    # Test for negative integer in sequence
+    din = [2, 2, 2, -2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 4]
+    assert not nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+    # Test for noninteger
+    din = dout = [1, 1, 1.1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+    din = dout = [1, 1, "rer", 1]
+    assert not nx.is_digraphical(din, dout)
+
+
+def test_multi_sequence():
+    # Test nongraphical multi sequence
+    seq = [1000, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_multigraphical(seq)
+    # Test small graphical multi sequence
+    seq = [6, 5, 4, 4, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert nx.is_multigraphical(seq)
+    # Test for negative integer in sequence
+    seq = [6, 5, 4, -4, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_multigraphical(seq)
+    # Test for sequence with odd sum
+    seq = [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4]
+    assert not nx.is_multigraphical(seq)
+    # Test for noninteger
+    seq = [1, 1, 1.1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_multigraphical(seq)
+    seq = [1, 1, "rer", 1]
+    assert not nx.is_multigraphical(seq)
+
+
+def test_pseudo_sequence():
+    # Test small valid pseudo sequence
+    seq = [1000, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1]
+    assert nx.is_pseudographical(seq)
+    # Test for sequence with odd sum
+    seq = [1000, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_pseudographical(seq)
+    # Test for negative integer in sequence
+    seq = [1000, 3, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, -2, 1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_pseudographical(seq)
+    # Test for noninteger
+    seq = [1, 1, 1.1, 1]
+    assert not nx.is_pseudographical(seq)
+    seq = [1, 1, "rer", 1]
+    assert not nx.is_pseudographical(seq)
+
+
+def test_numpy_degree_sequence():
+    np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+    ds = np.array([1, 2, 2, 2, 1], dtype=np.int64)
+    assert nx.is_graphical(ds, "eg")
+    assert nx.is_graphical(ds, "hh")
+    ds = np.array([1, 2, 2, 2, 1], dtype=np.float64)
+    assert nx.is_graphical(ds, "eg")
+    assert nx.is_graphical(ds, "hh")
+    ds = np.array([1.1, 2, 2, 2, 1], dtype=np.float64)
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, ds, "eg")
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, nx.is_graphical, ds, "hh")

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_hierarchy.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_hierarchy_undirected():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(5)
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, nx.flow_hierarchy, G)
+
+
+def test_hierarchy_cycle():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(5, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+    assert nx.flow_hierarchy(G) == 0.0
+
+
+def test_hierarchy_tree():
+    G = nx.full_rary_tree(2, 16, create_using=nx.DiGraph())
+    assert nx.flow_hierarchy(G) == 1.0
+
+
+def test_hierarchy_1():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3, 4), (0, 4)])
+    assert nx.flow_hierarchy(G) == 0.5
+
+
+def test_hierarchy_weight():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_edges_from(
+        [
+            (0, 1, {"weight": 0.3}),
+            (1, 2, {"weight": 0.1}),
+            (2, 3, {"weight": 0.1}),
+            (3, 1, {"weight": 0.1}),
+            (3, 4, {"weight": 0.3}),
+            (0, 4, {"weight": 0.3}),
+        ]
+    )
+    assert nx.flow_hierarchy(G, weight="weight") == 0.75
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("n", (0, 1, 3))
+def test_hierarchy_empty_graph(n):
+    G = nx.empty_graph(n, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match=".*not applicable to empty graphs"):
+        nx.flow_hierarchy(G)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_hybrid.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_2d_grid_graph():
+    # FC article claims 2d grid graph of size n is (3,3)-connected
+    # and (5,9)-connected, but I don't think it is (5,9)-connected
+    G = nx.grid_2d_graph(8, 8, periodic=True)
+    assert nx.is_kl_connected(G, 3, 3)
+    assert not nx.is_kl_connected(G, 5, 9)
+    (H, graphOK) = nx.kl_connected_subgraph(G, 5, 9, same_as_graph=True)
+    assert not graphOK
+
+
+def test_small_graph():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edge(1, 2)
+    G.add_edge(1, 3)
+    G.add_edge(2, 3)
+    assert nx.is_kl_connected(G, 2, 2)
+    H = nx.kl_connected_subgraph(G, 2, 2)
+    (H, graphOK) = nx.kl_connected_subgraph(
+        G, 2, 2, low_memory=True, same_as_graph=True
+    )
+    assert graphOK

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_isolate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+"""Unit tests for the :mod:`networkx.algorithms.isolates` module."""
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_is_isolate():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edge(0, 1)
+    G.add_node(2)
+    assert not nx.is_isolate(G, 0)
+    assert not nx.is_isolate(G, 1)
+    assert nx.is_isolate(G, 2)
+
+
+def test_isolates():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edge(0, 1)
+    G.add_nodes_from([2, 3])
+    assert sorted(nx.isolates(G)) == [2, 3]
+
+
+def test_number_of_isolates():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edge(0, 1)
+    G.add_nodes_from([2, 3])
+    assert nx.number_of_isolates(G) == 2

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_link_prediction.py

@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+import math
+from functools import partial
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def _test_func(G, ebunch, expected, predict_func, **kwargs):
+    result = predict_func(G, ebunch, **kwargs)
+    exp_dict = {tuple(sorted([u, v])): score for u, v, score in expected}
+    res_dict = {tuple(sorted([u, v])): score for u, v, score in result}
+
+    assert len(exp_dict) == len(res_dict)
+    for p in exp_dict:
+        assert exp_dict[p] == pytest.approx(res_dict[p], abs=1e-7)
+
+
+class TestResourceAllocationIndex:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.resource_allocation_index)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func))
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0.75)])
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 0.5)])
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(1, 2)], [(1, 2, 0.25)])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [(0, 0, 1)])
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 0.5), (1, 2, 0.5), (1, 3, 0)])
+
+
+class TestJaccardCoefficient:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.jaccard_coefficient)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func))
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0.6)])
+
+    def test_P4(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 0.5)])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (2, 3)])
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 0)])
+
+    def test_isolated_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 0.5), (1, 2, 0.5), (1, 3, 0)])
+
+
+class TestAdamicAdarIndex:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.adamic_adar_index)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func))
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 3 / math.log(4))])
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 1 / math.log(2))])
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(1, 2)], [(1, 2, 1 / math.log(4))])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [(0, 0, 3 / math.log(3))])
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        self.test(
+            G, None, [(0, 3, 1 / math.log(2)), (1, 2, 1 / math.log(2)), (1, 3, 0)]
+        )
+
+
+class TestCommonNeighborCentrality:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.common_neighbor_centrality)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func))
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 3.0)], alpha=1)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 5.0)], alpha=0)
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 1.25)], alpha=0.5)
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(1, 2)], [(1, 2, 1.75)], alpha=0.5)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_u_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 1)])
+
+    def test_node_v_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes_with_alpha_one_raises_error(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [], alpha=1.0)
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 1.5), (1, 2, 1.5), (1, 3, 2 / 3)], alpha=0.5)
+
+
+class TestPreferentialAttachment:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.preferential_attachment)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func))
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 16)])
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 2)])
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 4)])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_zero_degrees(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 2), (1, 2, 2), (1, 3, 1)])
+
+
+class TestCNSoundarajanHopcroft:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.cn_soundarajan_hopcroft)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(
+            partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func, community="community")
+        )
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 5)])
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 1)])
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(1, 2)], [(1, 2, 2)])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1, 2], community=0)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [(0, 0, 4)])
+
+    def test_different_community(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 2)])
+
+    def test_no_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            list(self.func(G, [(0, 1)]))
+
+    def test_insufficient_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            list(self.func(G, [(0, 3)]))
+
+    def test_sufficient_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 5)])
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(1, 4)], [(1, 4, 4)])
+
+    def test_custom_community_attribute_name(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["cmty"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 2)], community="cmty")
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 2), (1, 2, 1), (1, 3, 0)])
+
+
+class TestRAIndexSoundarajanHopcroft:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.ra_index_soundarajan_hopcroft)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(
+            partial(_test_func, predict_func=cls.func, community="community")
+        )
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0.5)])
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 0)])
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(1, 2)], [(1, 2, 0.25)])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1, 2], community=0)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [(0, 0, 1)])
+
+    def test_different_community(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 0)])
+
+    def test_no_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            list(self.func(G, [(0, 1)]))
+
+    def test_insufficient_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            list(self.func(G, [(0, 3)]))
+
+    def test_sufficient_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 5)])
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(1, 4)], [(1, 4, 1)])
+
+    def test_custom_community_attribute_name(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["cmty"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 0)], community="cmty")
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 0.5), (1, 2, 0), (1, 3, 0)])
+
+
+class TestWithinInterCluster:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.delta = 0.001
+        cls.func = staticmethod(nx.within_inter_cluster)
+        cls.test = staticmethod(
+            partial(
+                _test_func,
+                predict_func=cls.func,
+                delta=cls.delta,
+                community="community",
+            )
+        )
+
+    def test_K5(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 2 / (1 + self.delta))])
+
+    def test_P3(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 2)], [(0, 2, 0)])
+
+    def test_S4(self):
+        G = nx.star_graph(4)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(1, 2)], [(1, 2, 1 / self.delta)])
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+    def test_notimplemented(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (1, 2)])
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1, 2], community=0)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 2)])
+
+    def test_node_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 4)])
+
+    def test_no_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 1)], [(0, 1, 0)])
+
+    def test_equal_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 0)], [(0, 0, 2 / self.delta)])
+
+    def test_different_community(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 1
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 0)])
+
+    def test_no_inter_cluster_common_neighbor(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 2 / self.delta)])
+
+    def test_no_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            list(self.func(G, [(0, 1)]))
+
+    def test_insufficient_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            list(self.func(G, [(0, 3)]))
+
+    def test_sufficient_community_information(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 5)])
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[4]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(1, 4)], [(1, 4, 2 / self.delta)])
+
+    def test_invalid_delta(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(3)
+        G.add_nodes_from([0, 1, 2], community=0)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 1)], 0)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXAlgorithmError):
+            self.func(G, [(0, 1)], -0.5)
+
+    def test_custom_community_attribute_name(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(4)
+        G.nodes[0]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[2]["cmty"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["cmty"] = 0
+        self.test(G, [(0, 3)], [(0, 3, 2 / self.delta)], community="cmty")
+
+    def test_all_nonexistent_edges(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2), (2, 3)])
+        G.nodes[0]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[1]["community"] = 1
+        G.nodes[2]["community"] = 0
+        G.nodes[3]["community"] = 0
+        self.test(G, None, [(0, 3, 1 / self.delta), (1, 2, 0), (1, 3, 0)])

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_lowest_common_ancestors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+from itertools import chain, combinations, product
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+tree_all_pairs_lca = nx.tree_all_pairs_lowest_common_ancestor
+all_pairs_lca = nx.all_pairs_lowest_common_ancestor
+
+
+def get_pair(dictionary, n1, n2):
+    if (n1, n2) in dictionary:
+        return dictionary[n1, n2]
+    else:
+        return dictionary[n2, n1]
+
+
+class TestTreeLCA:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.DG = nx.DiGraph()
+        edges = [(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)]
+        cls.DG.add_edges_from(edges)
+        cls.ans = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(cls.DG, 0))
+        gold = {(n, n): n for n in cls.DG}
+        gold.update({(0, i): 0 for i in range(1, 7)})
+        gold.update(
+            {
+                (1, 2): 0,
+                (1, 3): 1,
+                (1, 4): 1,
+                (1, 5): 0,
+                (1, 6): 0,
+                (2, 3): 0,
+                (2, 4): 0,
+                (2, 5): 2,
+                (2, 6): 2,
+                (3, 4): 1,
+                (3, 5): 0,
+                (3, 6): 0,
+                (4, 5): 0,
+                (4, 6): 0,
+                (5, 6): 2,
+            }
+        )
+
+        cls.gold = gold
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def assert_has_same_pairs(d1, d2):
+        for a, b in ((min(pair), max(pair)) for pair in chain(d1, d2)):
+            assert get_pair(d1, a, b) == get_pair(d2, a, b)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_default_root(self):
+        assert dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG)) == self.ans
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_return_subset(self):
+        test_pairs = [(0, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0)]
+        ans = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, 0, test_pairs))
+        assert (0, 1) in ans and (1, 0) in ans
+        assert len(ans) == 2
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca(self):
+        all_pairs = chain(combinations(self.DG, 2), ((node, node) for node in self.DG))
+
+        ans = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, 0, all_pairs))
+        self.assert_has_same_pairs(ans, self.ans)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_gold_example(self):
+        ans = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG))
+        self.assert_has_same_pairs(self.gold, ans)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_invalid_input(self):
+        empty_digraph = tree_all_pairs_lca(nx.DiGraph())
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, list, empty_digraph)
+
+        bad_pairs_digraph = tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, pairs=[(-1, -2)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound, list, bad_pairs_digraph)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_subtrees(self):
+        ans = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, 1))
+        gold = {
+            pair: lca
+            for (pair, lca) in self.gold.items()
+            if all(n in (1, 3, 4) for n in pair)
+        }
+        self.assert_has_same_pairs(gold, ans)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_disconnected_nodes(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(1)
+        assert {(1, 1): 1} == dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+
+        G.add_node(0)
+        assert {(1, 1): 1} == dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(G, 1))
+        assert {(0, 0): 0} == dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(G, 0))
+
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, list, tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_error_if_input_not_tree(self):
+        # Cycle
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 1)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, list, tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+        # DAG
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 2), (1, 2)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, list, tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_generator(self):
+        pairs = iter([(0, 1), (0, 1), (1, 0)])
+        some_pairs = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, 0, pairs))
+        assert (0, 1) in some_pairs and (1, 0) in some_pairs
+        assert len(some_pairs) == 2
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_nonexisting_pairs_exception(self):
+        lca = tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, 0, [(-1, -1)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound, list, lca)
+        # check if node is None
+        lca = tree_all_pairs_lca(self.DG, None, [(-1, -1)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound, list, lca)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_routine_bails_on_DAGs(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(3, 4), (5, 4)])
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, list, tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_not_implemented(self):
+        NNI = nx.NetworkXNotImplemented
+        G = nx.Graph([(0, 1)])
+        with pytest.raises(NNI):
+            next(tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+        with pytest.raises(NNI):
+            next(all_pairs_lca(G))
+        pytest.raises(NNI, nx.lowest_common_ancestor, G, 0, 1)
+        G = nx.MultiGraph([(0, 1)])
+        with pytest.raises(NNI):
+            next(tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+        with pytest.raises(NNI):
+            next(all_pairs_lca(G))
+        pytest.raises(NNI, nx.lowest_common_ancestor, G, 0, 1)
+
+    def test_tree_all_pairs_lca_trees_without_LCAs(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(3)
+        ans = list(tree_all_pairs_lca(G))
+        assert ans == [((3, 3), 3)]
+
+
+class TestMultiTreeLCA(TestTreeLCA):
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.DG = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+        edges = [(0, 1), (0, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6)]
+        cls.DG.add_edges_from(edges)
+        cls.ans = dict(tree_all_pairs_lca(cls.DG, 0))
+        # add multiedges
+        cls.DG.add_edges_from(edges)
+
+        gold = {(n, n): n for n in cls.DG}
+        gold.update({(0, i): 0 for i in range(1, 7)})
+        gold.update(
+            {
+                (1, 2): 0,
+                (1, 3): 1,
+                (1, 4): 1,
+                (1, 5): 0,
+                (1, 6): 0,
+                (2, 3): 0,
+                (2, 4): 0,
+                (2, 5): 2,
+                (2, 6): 2,
+                (3, 4): 1,
+                (3, 5): 0,
+                (3, 6): 0,
+                (4, 5): 0,
+                (4, 6): 0,
+                (5, 6): 2,
+            }
+        )
+
+        cls.gold = gold
+
+
+class TestDAGLCA:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.DG = nx.DiGraph()
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 1, 2, 3))
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 4, 3))
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 5, 6, 8, 3))
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (5, 7, 8))
+        cls.DG.add_edge(6, 2)
+        cls.DG.add_edge(7, 2)
+
+        cls.root_distance = nx.shortest_path_length(cls.DG, source=0)
+
+        cls.gold = {
+            (1, 1): 1,
+            (1, 2): 1,
+            (1, 3): 1,
+            (1, 4): 0,
+            (1, 5): 0,
+            (1, 6): 0,
+            (1, 7): 0,
+            (1, 8): 0,
+            (2, 2): 2,
+            (2, 3): 2,
+            (2, 4): 0,
+            (2, 5): 5,
+            (2, 6): 6,
+            (2, 7): 7,
+            (2, 8): 7,
+            (3, 3): 3,
+            (3, 4): 4,
+            (3, 5): 5,
+            (3, 6): 6,
+            (3, 7): 7,
+            (3, 8): 8,
+            (4, 4): 4,
+            (4, 5): 0,
+            (4, 6): 0,
+            (4, 7): 0,
+            (4, 8): 0,
+            (5, 5): 5,
+            (5, 6): 5,
+            (5, 7): 5,
+            (5, 8): 5,
+            (6, 6): 6,
+            (6, 7): 5,
+            (6, 8): 6,
+            (7, 7): 7,
+            (7, 8): 7,
+            (8, 8): 8,
+        }
+        cls.gold.update(((0, n), 0) for n in cls.DG)
+
+    def assert_lca_dicts_same(self, d1, d2, G=None):
+        """Checks if d1 and d2 contain the same pairs and
+        have a node at the same distance from root for each.
+        If G is None use self.DG."""
+        if G is None:
+            G = self.DG
+            root_distance = self.root_distance
+        else:
+            roots = [n for n, deg in G.in_degree if deg == 0]
+            assert len(roots) == 1
+            root_distance = nx.shortest_path_length(G, source=roots[0])
+
+        for a, b in ((min(pair), max(pair)) for pair in chain(d1, d2)):
+            assert (
+                root_distance[get_pair(d1, a, b)] == root_distance[get_pair(d2, a, b)]
+            )
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_gold_example(self):
+        self.assert_lca_dicts_same(dict(all_pairs_lca(self.DG)), self.gold)
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_all_pairs_given(self):
+        all_pairs = list(product(self.DG.nodes(), self.DG.nodes()))
+        ans = all_pairs_lca(self.DG, pairs=all_pairs)
+        self.assert_lca_dicts_same(dict(ans), self.gold)
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_generator(self):
+        all_pairs = product(self.DG.nodes(), self.DG.nodes())
+        ans = all_pairs_lca(self.DG, pairs=all_pairs)
+        self.assert_lca_dicts_same(dict(ans), self.gold)
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_input_graph_with_two_roots(self):
+        G = self.DG.copy()
+        G.add_edge(9, 10)
+        G.add_edge(9, 4)
+        gold = self.gold.copy()
+        gold[9, 9] = 9
+        gold[9, 10] = 9
+        gold[9, 4] = 9
+        gold[9, 3] = 9
+        gold[10, 4] = 9
+        gold[10, 3] = 9
+        gold[10, 10] = 10
+
+        testing = dict(all_pairs_lca(G))
+
+        G.add_edge(-1, 9)
+        G.add_edge(-1, 0)
+        self.assert_lca_dicts_same(testing, gold, G)
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_nonexisting_pairs_exception(self):
+        pytest.raises(nx.NodeNotFound, all_pairs_lca, self.DG, [(-1, -1)])
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_pairs_without_lca(self):
+        G = self.DG.copy()
+        G.add_node(-1)
+        gen = all_pairs_lca(G, [(-1, -1), (-1, 0)])
+        assert dict(gen) == {(-1, -1): -1}
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_null_graph(self):
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, all_pairs_lca, nx.DiGraph())
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_non_dags(self):
+        pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, all_pairs_lca, nx.DiGraph([(3, 4), (4, 3)]))
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_nonempty_graph_without_lca(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(3)
+        ans = list(all_pairs_lca(G))
+        assert ans == [((3, 3), 3)]
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_bug_gh4942(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3)])
+        ans = list(all_pairs_lca(G))
+        assert len(ans) == 9
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_default_kwarg(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(0, 1), (2, 1)])
+        sentinel = object()
+        assert nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 0, 2, default=sentinel) is sentinel
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_identity(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node(3)
+        assert nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 3, 3) == 3
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_issue_4574(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_nodes_from(range(17))
+        G.add_edges_from(
+            [
+                (2, 0),
+                (1, 2),
+                (3, 2),
+                (5, 2),
+                (8, 2),
+                (11, 2),
+                (4, 5),
+                (6, 5),
+                (7, 8),
+                (10, 8),
+                (13, 11),
+                (14, 11),
+                (15, 11),
+                (9, 10),
+                (12, 13),
+                (16, 15),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        assert nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 7, 9) is None
+
+    def test_all_pairs_lca_one_pair_gh4942(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        # Note: order edge addition is critical to the test
+        G.add_edge(0, 1)
+        G.add_edge(2, 0)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3)
+        G.add_edge(4, 0)
+        G.add_edge(5, 2)
+
+        assert nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 1, 3) == 2
+
+
+class TestMultiDiGraph_DAGLCA(TestDAGLCA):
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.DG = nx.MultiDiGraph()
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 1, 2, 3))
+        # add multiedges
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 1, 2, 3))
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 4, 3))
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (0, 5, 6, 8, 3))
+        nx.add_path(cls.DG, (5, 7, 8))
+        cls.DG.add_edge(6, 2)
+        cls.DG.add_edge(7, 2)
+
+        cls.root_distance = nx.shortest_path_length(cls.DG, source=0)
+
+        cls.gold = {
+            (1, 1): 1,
+            (1, 2): 1,
+            (1, 3): 1,
+            (1, 4): 0,
+            (1, 5): 0,
+            (1, 6): 0,
+            (1, 7): 0,
+            (1, 8): 0,
+            (2, 2): 2,
+            (2, 3): 2,
+            (2, 4): 0,
+            (2, 5): 5,
+            (2, 6): 6,
+            (2, 7): 7,
+            (2, 8): 7,
+            (3, 3): 3,
+            (3, 4): 4,
+            (3, 5): 5,
+            (3, 6): 6,
+            (3, 7): 7,
+            (3, 8): 8,
+            (4, 4): 4,
+            (4, 5): 0,
+            (4, 6): 0,
+            (4, 7): 0,
+            (4, 8): 0,
+            (5, 5): 5,
+            (5, 6): 5,
+            (5, 7): 5,
+            (5, 8): 5,
+            (6, 6): 6,
+            (6, 7): 5,
+            (6, 8): 6,
+            (7, 7): 7,
+            (7, 8): 7,
+            (8, 8): 8,
+        }
+        cls.gold.update(((0, n), 0) for n in cls.DG)
+
+
+def test_all_pairs_lca_self_ancestors():
+    """Self-ancestors should always be the node itself, i.e. lca of (0, 0) is 0.
+    See gh-4458."""
+    # DAG for test - note order of node/edge addition is relevant
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_nodes_from(range(5))
+    G.add_edges_from([(1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 3)])
+
+    ap_lca = nx.all_pairs_lowest_common_ancestor
+    assert all(u == v == a for (u, v), a in ap_lca(G) if u == v)
+    MG = nx.MultiDiGraph(G)
+    assert all(u == v == a for (u, v), a in ap_lca(MG) if u == v)
+    MG.add_edges_from([(1, 0), (2, 0)])
+    assert all(u == v == a for (u, v), a in ap_lca(MG) if u == v)
+
+
+def test_lca_on_null_graph():
+    G = nx.null_graph(create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        nx.NetworkXPointlessConcept, match="LCA meaningless on null graphs"
+    ):
+        nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 0, 0)
+
+
+def test_lca_on_cycle_graph():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(6, create_using=nx.DiGraph)
+    with pytest.raises(
+        nx.NetworkXError, match="LCA only defined on directed acyclic graphs"
+    ):
+        nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 0, 3)
+
+
+def test_lca_multiple_valid_solutions():
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_nodes_from(range(4))
+    G.add_edges_from([(2, 0), (3, 0), (2, 1), (3, 1)])
+    assert nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 0, 1) in {2, 3}
+
+
+def test_lca_dont_rely_on_single_successor():
+    # Nodes 0 and 1 have nodes 2 and 3 as immediate ancestors,
+    # and node 2 also has node 3 as an immediate ancestor.
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+    G.add_nodes_from(range(4))
+    G.add_edges_from([(2, 0), (2, 1), (3, 1), (3, 0), (3, 2)])
+    assert nx.lowest_common_ancestor(G, 0, 1) == 2

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_matching.py

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+import math
+from itertools import permutations
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.utils import edges_equal
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fn", (nx.is_matching, nx.is_maximal_matching, nx.is_perfect_matching)
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "edgeset",
+    (
+        {(0, 5)},  # Single edge, node not in G
+        {(5, 0)},  # for both edge orders
+        {(0, 5), (2, 3)},  # node not in G, but other edge is valid matching
+        {(5, 5), (2, 3)},  # Self-loop hits node not in G validation first
+    ),
+)
+def test_is_matching_node_not_in_G(fn, edgeset):
+    """All is_*matching functions have consistent exception message for node
+    not in G."""
+    G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="matching.*with node not in G"):
+        fn(G, edgeset)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fn", (nx.is_matching, nx.is_maximal_matching, nx.is_perfect_matching)
+)
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "edgeset",
+    (
+        {(0, 1, 2), (2, 3)},  # 3-tuple
+        {(0,), (2, 3)},  # 1-tuple
+    ),
+)
+def test_is_matching_invalid_edge(fn, edgeset):
+    """All is_*matching functions have consistent exception message for invalid
+    edges in matching."""
+    G = nx.path_graph(4)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match=".*non-2-tuple edge.*"):
+        fn(G, edgeset)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.MultiGraph, nx.DiGraph, nx.MultiDiGraph))
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "fn", (nx.max_weight_matching, nx.min_weight_matching, nx.maximal_matching)
+)
+def test_wrong_graph_type(fn, graph_type):
+    G = graph_type()
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+        fn(G)
+
+
+class TestMaxWeightMatching:
+    """Unit tests for the
+    :func:`~networkx.algorithms.matching.max_weight_matching` function.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_trivial1(self):
+        """Empty graph"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        assert nx.max_weight_matching(G) == set()
+        assert nx.min_weight_matching(G) == set()
+
+    def test_selfloop(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 0, weight=100)
+        assert nx.max_weight_matching(G) == set()
+        assert nx.min_weight_matching(G) == set()
+
+    def test_single_edge(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(0, 1)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), {(0, 1)})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), {(0, 1)})
+
+    def test_two_path(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge("one", "two", weight=10)
+        G.add_edge("two", "three", weight=11)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), {("two", "three")})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), {("one", "two")})
+
+    def test_path(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=5)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=11)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4, weight=5)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), {(2, 3)})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G, weight=None), {(1, 2), (3, 4)})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), {(1, 2), (3, 4)})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G, weight=None), {(1, 2), (3, 4)})
+
+    def test_square(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 4, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4, weight=4)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), {(1, 2), (3, 4)})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), {(1, 4), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_edge_attribute_name(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge("one", "two", weight=10, abcd=11)
+        G.add_edge("two", "three", weight=11, abcd=10)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G, weight="abcd"), {("one", "two")})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G, weight="abcd"), {("two", "three")})
+
+    def test_floating_point_weights(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=math.pi)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=math.exp(1))
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=3.0)
+        G.add_edge(1, 4, weight=math.sqrt(2.0))
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), {(1, 4), (2, 3)})
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), {(1, 4), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_negative_weights(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_edge(1, 2, weight=2)
+        G.add_edge(1, 3, weight=-2)
+        G.add_edge(2, 3, weight=1)
+        G.add_edge(2, 4, weight=-1)
+        G.add_edge(3, 4, weight=-6)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), {(1, 2)})
+        assert edges_equal(
+            nx.max_weight_matching(G, maxcardinality=True), {(1, 3), (2, 4)}
+        )
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), {(1, 2), (3, 4)})
+
+    def test_s_blossom(self):
+        """Create S-blossom and use it for augmentation:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 8), (1, 3, 9), (2, 3, 10), (3, 4, 7)])
+        answer = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 6, 5), (4, 5, 6)])
+        answer = {(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 5)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_s_t_blossom(self):
+        """Create S-blossom, relabel as T-blossom, use for augmentation:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [(1, 2, 9), (1, 3, 8), (2, 3, 10), (1, 4, 5), (4, 5, 4), (1, 6, 3)]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 5)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+        G.add_edge(4, 5, weight=3)
+        G.add_edge(1, 6, weight=4)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+        G.remove_edge(1, 6)
+        G.add_edge(3, 6, weight=4)
+        answer = {(1, 2), (3, 6), (4, 5)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nested_s_blossom(self):
+        """Create nested S-blossom, use for augmentation:"""
+
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 9),
+                (1, 3, 9),
+                (2, 3, 10),
+                (2, 4, 8),
+                (3, 5, 8),
+                (4, 5, 10),
+                (5, 6, 6),
+            ]
+        )
+        expected_edgeset = {(1, 3), (2, 4), (5, 6)}
+        expected = {frozenset(e) for e in expected_edgeset}
+        answer = {frozenset(e) for e in nx.max_weight_matching(G)}
+        assert answer == expected
+        answer = {frozenset(e) for e in nx.min_weight_matching(G)}
+        assert answer == expected
+
+    def test_nested_s_blossom_relabel(self):
+        """Create S-blossom, relabel as S, include in nested S-blossom:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 10),
+                (1, 7, 10),
+                (2, 3, 12),
+                (3, 4, 20),
+                (3, 5, 20),
+                (4, 5, 25),
+                (5, 6, 10),
+                (6, 7, 10),
+                (7, 8, 8),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6), (7, 8)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nested_s_blossom_expand(self):
+        """Create nested S-blossom, augment, expand recursively:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 8),
+                (1, 3, 8),
+                (2, 3, 10),
+                (2, 4, 12),
+                (3, 5, 12),
+                (4, 5, 14),
+                (4, 6, 12),
+                (5, 7, 12),
+                (6, 7, 14),
+                (7, 8, 12),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 6), (7, 8)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_s_blossom_relabel_expand(self):
+        """Create S-blossom, relabel as T, expand:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 23),
+                (1, 5, 22),
+                (1, 6, 15),
+                (2, 3, 25),
+                (3, 4, 22),
+                (4, 5, 25),
+                (4, 8, 14),
+                (5, 7, 13),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 8), (5, 7)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nested_s_blossom_relabel_expand(self):
+        """Create nested S-blossom, relabel as T, expand:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 19),
+                (1, 3, 20),
+                (1, 8, 8),
+                (2, 3, 25),
+                (2, 4, 18),
+                (3, 5, 18),
+                (4, 5, 13),
+                (4, 7, 7),
+                (5, 6, 7),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 8), (2, 3), (4, 7), (5, 6)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nasty_blossom1(self):
+        """Create blossom, relabel as T in more than one way, expand,
+        augment:
+        """
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 45),
+                (1, 5, 45),
+                (2, 3, 50),
+                (3, 4, 45),
+                (4, 5, 50),
+                (1, 6, 30),
+                (3, 9, 35),
+                (4, 8, 35),
+                (5, 7, 26),
+                (9, 10, 5),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 8), (5, 7), (9, 10)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nasty_blossom2(self):
+        """Again but slightly different:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 45),
+                (1, 5, 45),
+                (2, 3, 50),
+                (3, 4, 45),
+                (4, 5, 50),
+                (1, 6, 30),
+                (3, 9, 35),
+                (4, 8, 26),
+                (5, 7, 40),
+                (9, 10, 5),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 8), (5, 7), (9, 10)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nasty_blossom_least_slack(self):
+        """Create blossom, relabel as T, expand such that a new
+        least-slack S-to-free dge is produced, augment:
+        """
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 45),
+                (1, 5, 45),
+                (2, 3, 50),
+                (3, 4, 45),
+                (4, 5, 50),
+                (1, 6, 30),
+                (3, 9, 35),
+                (4, 8, 28),
+                (5, 7, 26),
+                (9, 10, 5),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 6), (2, 3), (4, 8), (5, 7), (9, 10)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nasty_blossom_augmenting(self):
+        """Create nested blossom, relabel as T in more than one way"""
+        # expand outer blossom such that inner blossom ends up on an
+        # augmenting path:
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 45),
+                (1, 7, 45),
+                (2, 3, 50),
+                (3, 4, 45),
+                (4, 5, 95),
+                (4, 6, 94),
+                (5, 6, 94),
+                (6, 7, 50),
+                (1, 8, 30),
+                (3, 11, 35),
+                (5, 9, 36),
+                (7, 10, 26),
+                (11, 12, 5),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 8), (2, 3), (4, 6), (5, 9), (7, 10), (11, 12)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_nasty_blossom_expand_recursively(self):
+        """Create nested S-blossom, relabel as S, expand recursively:"""
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 2, 40),
+                (1, 3, 40),
+                (2, 3, 60),
+                (2, 4, 55),
+                (3, 5, 55),
+                (4, 5, 50),
+                (1, 8, 15),
+                (5, 7, 30),
+                (7, 6, 10),
+                (8, 10, 10),
+                (4, 9, 30),
+            ]
+        )
+        answer = {(1, 2), (3, 5), (4, 9), (6, 7), (8, 10)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.max_weight_matching(G), answer)
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+    def test_min_weight_matching_max_cardinality(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_weighted_edges_from([(1, 2, 1000), (2, 3, 2), (3, 4, 3000)])
+        # The minimum-weight maximal matching is {(2, 3)}; the minimum-weight
+        # maximum-cardinality matching is {(1, 2), (3, 4)}. See gh-8062.
+        answer = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}
+        assert edges_equal(nx.min_weight_matching(G), answer)
+
+
+class TestIsMatching:
+    """Unit tests for the
+    :func:`~networkx.algorithms.matching.is_matching` function.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_dict(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 3, 3: 2})
+
+    def test_empty_matching(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, set())
+
+    def test_single_edge(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(1, 2)})
+
+    def test_edge_order(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 1), (2, 3)})
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(1, 0), (2, 3)})
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 1), (3, 2)})
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(1, 0), (3, 2)})
+
+    def test_valid_matching(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 1), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_selfloops(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        # selfloop edge not in G
+        assert not nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 0), (1, 2), (2, 3)})
+        # selfloop edge in G
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        assert not nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 0), (1, 2)})
+
+    def test_invalid_matching(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert not nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_invalid_edge(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert not nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 3), (1, 2)})
+
+        G = nx.DiGraph(G.edges)
+        assert nx.is_matching(G, {(0, 1)})
+        assert not nx.is_matching(G, {(1, 0)})
+
+
+class TestIsMaximalMatching:
+    """Unit tests for the
+    :func:`~networkx.algorithms.matching.is_maximal_matching` function.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_dict(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_maximal_matching(G, {0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 3, 3: 2})
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_maximal_matching(G, {(0, 1), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_not_matching(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert not nx.is_maximal_matching(G, {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)})
+        assert not nx.is_maximal_matching(G, {(0, 3)})
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        assert not nx.is_maximal_matching(G, {(0, 0)})
+
+    def test_not_maximal(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert not nx.is_maximal_matching(G, {(0, 1)})
+
+
+class TestIsPerfectMatching:
+    """Unit tests for the
+    :func:`~networkx.algorithms.matching.is_perfect_matching` function.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_dict(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {0: 1, 1: 0, 2: 3, 3: 2})
+
+    def test_valid(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(0, 1), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_valid_not_path(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        G.add_edge(0, 4)
+        G.add_edge(1, 4)
+        G.add_edge(5, 2)
+
+        assert nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(1, 4), (0, 3), (5, 2)})
+
+    def test_selfloops(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        # selfloop edge not in G
+        assert not nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(0, 0), (1, 2), (2, 3)})
+        # selfloop edge in G
+        G.add_edge(0, 0)
+        assert not nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(0, 0), (1, 2)})
+
+    def test_not_matching(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        assert not nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(0, 3)})
+        assert not nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3)})
+
+    def test_maximal_but_not_perfect(self):
+        G = nx.cycle_graph(4)
+        G.add_edge(0, 4)
+        G.add_edge(1, 4)
+
+        assert not nx.is_perfect_matching(G, {(1, 4), (0, 3)})
+
+
+class TestMaximalMatching:
+    """Unit tests for the
+    :func:`~networkx.algorithms.matching.maximal_matching`.
+
+    """
+
+    def test_valid_matching(self):
+        edges = [(1, 2), (1, 5), (2, 3), (2, 5), (3, 4), (3, 6), (5, 6)]
+        G = nx.Graph(edges)
+        matching = nx.maximal_matching(G)
+        assert nx.is_maximal_matching(G, matching)
+
+    def test_single_edge_matching(self):
+        # In the star graph, any maximal matching has just one edge.
+        G = nx.star_graph(5)
+        matching = nx.maximal_matching(G)
+        assert 1 == len(matching)
+        assert nx.is_maximal_matching(G, matching)
+
+    def test_self_loops(self):
+        # Create the path graph with two self-loops.
+        G = nx.path_graph(3)
+        G.add_edges_from([(0, 0), (1, 1)])
+        matching = nx.maximal_matching(G)
+        assert len(matching) == 1
+        # The matching should never include self-loops.
+        assert not any(u == v for u, v in matching)
+        assert nx.is_maximal_matching(G, matching)
+
+    def test_ordering(self):
+        """Tests that a maximal matching is computed correctly
+        regardless of the order in which nodes are added to the graph.
+
+        """
+        for nodes in permutations(range(3)):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_nodes_from(nodes)
+            G.add_edges_from([(0, 1), (0, 2)])
+            matching = nx.maximal_matching(G)
+            assert len(matching) == 1
+            assert nx.is_maximal_matching(G, matching)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_max_weight_clique.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+"""Maximum weight clique test suite."""
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+class TestMaximumWeightClique:
+    def test_basic_cases(self):
+        def check_basic_case(graph_func, expected_weight, weight_accessor):
+            graph = graph_func()
+            clique, weight = nx.algorithms.max_weight_clique(graph, weight_accessor)
+            assert verify_clique(
+                graph, clique, weight, expected_weight, weight_accessor
+            )
+
+        for graph_func, (expected_weight, expected_size) in TEST_CASES.items():
+            check_basic_case(graph_func, expected_weight, "weight")
+            check_basic_case(graph_func, expected_size, None)
+
+    def test_key_error(self):
+        graph = two_node_graph()
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+            nx.algorithms.max_weight_clique(graph, "nonexistent-key")
+
+    def test_error_on_non_integer_weight(self):
+        graph = two_node_graph()
+        graph.nodes[2]["weight"] = 1.5
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            nx.algorithms.max_weight_clique(graph)
+
+    def test_unaffected_by_self_loops(self):
+        graph = two_node_graph()
+        graph.add_edge(1, 1)
+        graph.add_edge(2, 2)
+        clique, weight = nx.algorithms.max_weight_clique(graph, "weight")
+        assert verify_clique(graph, clique, weight, 30, "weight")
+        graph = three_node_independent_set()
+        graph.add_edge(1, 1)
+        clique, weight = nx.algorithms.max_weight_clique(graph, "weight")
+        assert verify_clique(graph, clique, weight, 20, "weight")
+
+    def test_30_node_prob(self):
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_nodes_from(range(1, 31))
+        for i in range(1, 31):
+            G.nodes[i]["weight"] = i + 1
+        # fmt: off
+        G.add_edges_from(
+            [
+                (1, 12), (1, 13), (1, 15), (1, 16), (1, 18), (1, 19), (1, 20),
+                (1, 23), (1, 26), (1, 28), (1, 29), (1, 30), (2, 3), (2, 4),
+                (2, 5), (2, 8), (2, 9), (2, 10), (2, 14), (2, 17), (2, 18),
+                (2, 21), (2, 22), (2, 23), (2, 27), (3, 9), (3, 15), (3, 21),
+                (3, 22), (3, 23), (3, 24), (3, 27), (3, 28), (3, 29), (4, 5),
+                (4, 6), (4, 8), (4, 21), (4, 22), (4, 23), (4, 26), (4, 28),
+                (4, 30), (5, 6), (5, 8), (5, 9), (5, 13), (5, 14), (5, 15),
+                (5, 16), (5, 20), (5, 21), (5, 22), (5, 25), (5, 28), (5, 29),
+                (6, 7), (6, 8), (6, 13), (6, 17), (6, 18), (6, 19), (6, 24),
+                (6, 26), (6, 27), (6, 28), (6, 29), (7, 12), (7, 14), (7, 15),
+                (7, 16), (7, 17), (7, 20), (7, 25), (7, 27), (7, 29), (7, 30),
+                (8, 10), (8, 15), (8, 16), (8, 18), (8, 20), (8, 22), (8, 24),
+                (8, 26), (8, 27), (8, 28), (8, 30), (9, 11), (9, 12), (9, 13),
+                (9, 14), (9, 15), (9, 16), (9, 19), (9, 20), (9, 21), (9, 24),
+                (9, 30), (10, 12), (10, 15), (10, 18), (10, 19), (10, 20),
+                (10, 22), (10, 23), (10, 24), (10, 26), (10, 27), (10, 29),
+                (10, 30), (11, 13), (11, 15), (11, 16), (11, 17), (11, 18),
+                (11, 19), (11, 20), (11, 22), (11, 29), (11, 30), (12, 14),
+                (12, 17), (12, 18), (12, 19), (12, 20), (12, 21), (12, 23),
+                (12, 25), (12, 26), (12, 30), (13, 20), (13, 22), (13, 23),
+                (13, 24), (13, 30), (14, 16), (14, 20), (14, 21), (14, 22),
+                (14, 23), (14, 25), (14, 26), (14, 27), (14, 29), (14, 30),
+                (15, 17), (15, 18), (15, 20), (15, 21), (15, 26), (15, 27),
+                (15, 28), (16, 17), (16, 18), (16, 19), (16, 20), (16, 21),
+                (16, 29), (16, 30), (17, 18), (17, 21), (17, 22), (17, 25),
+                (17, 27), (17, 28), (17, 30), (18, 19), (18, 20), (18, 21),
+                (18, 22), (18, 23), (18, 24), (19, 20), (19, 22), (19, 23),
+                (19, 24), (19, 25), (19, 27), (19, 30), (20, 21), (20, 23),
+                (20, 24), (20, 26), (20, 28), (20, 29), (21, 23), (21, 26),
+                (21, 27), (21, 29), (22, 24), (22, 25), (22, 26), (22, 29),
+                (23, 25), (23, 30), (24, 25), (24, 26), (25, 27), (25, 29),
+                (26, 27), (26, 28), (26, 30), (28, 29), (29, 30),
+            ]
+        )
+        # fmt: on
+        clique, weight = nx.algorithms.max_weight_clique(G)
+        assert verify_clique(G, clique, weight, 111, "weight")
+
+
+#  ############################  Utility functions ############################
+def verify_clique(
+    graph, clique, reported_clique_weight, expected_clique_weight, weight_accessor
+):
+    for node1 in clique:
+        for node2 in clique:
+            if node1 == node2:
+                continue
+            if not graph.has_edge(node1, node2):
+                return False
+
+    if weight_accessor is None:
+        clique_weight = len(clique)
+    else:
+        clique_weight = sum(graph.nodes[v]["weight"] for v in clique)
+
+    if clique_weight != expected_clique_weight:
+        return False
+    if clique_weight != reported_clique_weight:
+        return False
+
+    return True
+
+
+#  ############################  Graph Generation ############################
+
+
+def empty_graph():
+    return nx.Graph()
+
+
+def one_node_graph():
+    graph = nx.Graph()
+    graph.add_nodes_from([1])
+    graph.nodes[1]["weight"] = 10
+    return graph
+
+
+def two_node_graph():
+    graph = nx.Graph()
+    graph.add_nodes_from([1, 2])
+    graph.add_edges_from([(1, 2)])
+    graph.nodes[1]["weight"] = 10
+    graph.nodes[2]["weight"] = 20
+    return graph
+
+
+def three_node_clique():
+    graph = nx.Graph()
+    graph.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+    graph.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (1, 3), (2, 3)])
+    graph.nodes[1]["weight"] = 10
+    graph.nodes[2]["weight"] = 20
+    graph.nodes[3]["weight"] = 5
+    return graph
+
+
+def three_node_independent_set():
+    graph = nx.Graph()
+    graph.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3])
+    graph.nodes[1]["weight"] = 10
+    graph.nodes[2]["weight"] = 20
+    graph.nodes[3]["weight"] = 5
+    return graph
+
+
+def disconnected():
+    graph = nx.Graph()
+    graph.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 5), (5, 6)])
+    graph.nodes[1]["weight"] = 10
+    graph.nodes[2]["weight"] = 20
+    graph.nodes[3]["weight"] = 5
+    graph.nodes[4]["weight"] = 100
+    graph.nodes[5]["weight"] = 200
+    graph.nodes[6]["weight"] = 50
+    return graph
+
+
+# --------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Basic tests for all strategies
+# For each basic graph function, specify expected weight of max weight clique
+# and expected size of maximum clique
+TEST_CASES = {
+    empty_graph: (0, 0),
+    one_node_graph: (10, 1),
+    two_node_graph: (30, 2),
+    three_node_clique: (35, 3),
+    three_node_independent_set: (20, 1),
+    disconnected: (300, 2),
+}

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_mis.py

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+"""
+Tests for maximal (not maximum) independent sets.
+
+"""
+
+import random
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_random_seed():
+    G = nx.empty_graph(5)
+    assert nx.maximal_independent_set(G, seed=1) == [1, 0, 3, 2, 4]
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("graph", [nx.complete_graph(5), nx.complete_graph(55)])
+def test_K5(graph):
+    """Maximal independent set for complete graphs"""
+    assert all(nx.maximal_independent_set(graph, [n]) == [n] for n in graph)
+
+
+def test_exceptions():
+    """Bad input should raise exception."""
+    G = nx.florentine_families_graph()
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, nx.maximal_independent_set, G, ["Smith"])
+    pytest.raises(
+        nx.NetworkXUnfeasible, nx.maximal_independent_set, G, ["Salviati", "Pazzi"]
+    )
+    # MaximalIndependentSet is not implemented for directed graphs
+    pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, nx.maximal_independent_set, nx.DiGraph(G))
+
+
+def test_florentine_family():
+    G = nx.florentine_families_graph()
+    indep = nx.maximal_independent_set(G, ["Medici", "Bischeri"])
+    assert set(indep) == {
+        "Medici",
+        "Bischeri",
+        "Castellani",
+        "Pazzi",
+        "Ginori",
+        "Lamberteschi",
+    }
+
+
+def test_bipartite():
+    G = nx.complete_bipartite_graph(12, 34)
+    indep = nx.maximal_independent_set(G, [4, 5, 9, 10])
+    assert sorted(indep) == list(range(12))
+
+
+def test_random_graphs():
+    """Generate 5 random graphs of different types and sizes and
+    make sure that all sets are independent and maximal."""
+    for i in range(0, 50, 10):
+        G = nx.erdos_renyi_graph(i * 10 + 1, random.random())
+        IS = nx.maximal_independent_set(G)
+        assert G.subgraph(IS).number_of_edges() == 0
+        nbrs_of_MIS = set.union(*(set(G.neighbors(v)) for v in IS))
+        assert all(v in nbrs_of_MIS for v in set(G.nodes()).difference(IS))

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_moral.py

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.algorithms.moral import moral_graph
+
+
+def test_get_moral_graph():
+    graph = nx.DiGraph()
+    graph.add_nodes_from([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+    graph.add_edges_from([(1, 2), (3, 2), (4, 1), (4, 5), (6, 5), (7, 5)])
+    H = moral_graph(graph)
+    assert not H.is_directed()
+    assert H.has_edge(1, 3)
+    assert H.has_edge(4, 6)
+    assert H.has_edge(6, 7)
+    assert H.has_edge(4, 7)
+    assert not H.has_edge(1, 5)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_node_classification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+import pytest
+
+pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+pytest.importorskip("scipy")
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.algorithms import node_classification
+
+
+class TestHarmonicFunction:
+    def test_path_graph(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        label_name = "label"
+        G.nodes[0][label_name] = "A"
+        G.nodes[3][label_name] = "B"
+        predicted = node_classification.harmonic_function(G, label_name=label_name)
+        assert predicted[0] == "A"
+        assert predicted[1] == "A"
+        assert predicted[2] == "B"
+        assert predicted[3] == "B"
+
+    def test_no_labels(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.path_graph(4)
+            node_classification.harmonic_function(G)
+
+    def test_no_nodes(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            node_classification.harmonic_function(G)
+
+    def test_no_edges(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_node(1)
+            G.add_node(2)
+            node_classification.harmonic_function(G)
+
+    def test_digraph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            G.add_edge(0, 1)
+            G.add_edge(1, 2)
+            G.add_edge(2, 3)
+            label_name = "label"
+            G.nodes[0][label_name] = "A"
+            G.nodes[3][label_name] = "B"
+            node_classification.harmonic_function(G)
+
+    def test_one_labeled_node(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        label_name = "label"
+        G.nodes[0][label_name] = "A"
+        predicted = node_classification.harmonic_function(G, label_name=label_name)
+        assert predicted[0] == "A"
+        assert predicted[1] == "A"
+        assert predicted[2] == "A"
+        assert predicted[3] == "A"
+
+    def test_nodes_all_labeled(self):
+        G = nx.karate_club_graph()
+        label_name = "club"
+        predicted = node_classification.harmonic_function(G, label_name=label_name)
+        for i in range(len(G)):
+            assert predicted[i] == G.nodes[i][label_name]
+
+    def test_labeled_nodes_are_not_changed(self):
+        G = nx.karate_club_graph()
+        label_name = "club"
+        label_removed = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
+        for i in label_removed:
+            del G.nodes[i][label_name]
+        predicted = node_classification.harmonic_function(G, label_name=label_name)
+        label_not_removed = set(range(len(G))) - label_removed
+        for i in label_not_removed:
+            assert predicted[i] == G.nodes[i][label_name]
+
+
+class TestLocalAndGlobalConsistency:
+    def test_path_graph(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        label_name = "label"
+        G.nodes[0][label_name] = "A"
+        G.nodes[3][label_name] = "B"
+        predicted = node_classification.local_and_global_consistency(
+            G, label_name=label_name
+        )
+        assert predicted[0] == "A"
+        assert predicted[1] == "A"
+        assert predicted[2] == "B"
+        assert predicted[3] == "B"
+
+    def test_no_labels(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.path_graph(4)
+            node_classification.local_and_global_consistency(G)
+
+    def test_no_nodes(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            node_classification.local_and_global_consistency(G)
+
+    def test_no_edges(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError):
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_node(1)
+            G.add_node(2)
+            node_classification.local_and_global_consistency(G)
+
+    def test_digraph(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented):
+            G = nx.DiGraph()
+            G.add_edge(0, 1)
+            G.add_edge(1, 2)
+            G.add_edge(2, 3)
+            label_name = "label"
+            G.nodes[0][label_name] = "A"
+            G.nodes[3][label_name] = "B"
+            node_classification.harmonic_function(G)
+
+    def test_one_labeled_node(self):
+        G = nx.path_graph(4)
+        label_name = "label"
+        G.nodes[0][label_name] = "A"
+        predicted = node_classification.local_and_global_consistency(
+            G, label_name=label_name
+        )
+        assert predicted[0] == "A"
+        assert predicted[1] == "A"
+        assert predicted[2] == "A"
+        assert predicted[3] == "A"
+
+    def test_nodes_all_labeled(self):
+        G = nx.karate_club_graph()
+        label_name = "club"
+        predicted = node_classification.local_and_global_consistency(
+            G, alpha=0, label_name=label_name
+        )
+        for i in range(len(G)):
+            assert predicted[i] == G.nodes[i][label_name]

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_non_randomness.py

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+
+np = pytest.importorskip("numpy")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "k, weight, expected",
+    [
+        (None, None, 7.21),  # infers 3 communities
+        (2, None, 11.7),
+        (None, "weight", 25.45),
+        (2, "weight", 38.8),
+    ],
+)
+def test_non_randomness(k, weight, expected):
+    G = nx.karate_club_graph()
+    np.testing.assert_almost_equal(
+        nx.non_randomness(G, k, weight)[0], expected, decimal=2
+    )
+
+
+def test_non_connected():
+    G = nx.Graph([(1, 2)])
+    G.add_node(3)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, match="Non connected"):
+        nx.non_randomness(G)
+
+
+def test_self_loops():
+    G = nx.Graph()
+    G.add_edge(1, 2)
+    G.add_edge(1, 1)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match="Graph must not contain self-loops"):
+        nx.non_randomness(G)
+
+
+def test_empty_graph():
+    G = nx.empty_graph(1)
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXError, match=".*not applicable to empty graphs"):
+        nx.non_randomness(G)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("k", [-1, 0, 2, 5])
+def test_value_error(k):
+    """
+    Check that invalid values of k raise (must be between 1 and n - 1, inclusive,
+    and such that the probability is between 0 and 1, exclusive).
+    """
+    G = nx.path_graph(5)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r"invalid number of communities"):
+        nx.non_randomness(G, k=k)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("G", [nx.DiGraph(), nx.MultiGraph(), nx.MultiDiGraph()])
+def test_not_implemented(G):
+    """Check that non-randomness is not implemented for directed or multigraphs."""
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXNotImplemented, match=r"not implemented for"):
+        nx.non_randomness(G)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_perfect_graph.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+import networkx as nx
+
+
+def test_chordal_graph():
+    G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+    assert nx.is_perfect_graph(G)
+
+
+def test_odd_cycle():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(5)  # Induced odd cycle
+    assert not nx.is_perfect_graph(G)
+
+
+def test_even_cycle():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(6)  # Even cycle is perfect
+    assert nx.is_perfect_graph(G)
+
+
+def test_complement_of_odd_cycle():
+    G = nx.cycle_graph(7)
+    GC = nx.complement(G)
+    assert not nx.is_perfect_graph(GC)
+
+
+def test_disconnected_union_of_cliques():
+    G = nx.disjoint_union(nx.complete_graph(3), nx.complete_graph(4))
+    assert nx.is_perfect_graph(G)

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_planar_drawing.py

@@ -0,0 +1,274 @@
+import math
+
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.algorithms.planar_drawing import triangulate_embedding
+
+
+def test_graph1():
+    embedding_data = {0: [1, 2, 3], 1: [2, 0], 2: [3, 0, 1], 3: [2, 0]}
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_graph2():
+    embedding_data = {
+        0: [8, 6],
+        1: [2, 6, 9],
+        2: [8, 1, 7, 9, 6, 4],
+        3: [9],
+        4: [2],
+        5: [6, 8],
+        6: [9, 1, 0, 5, 2],
+        7: [9, 2],
+        8: [0, 2, 5],
+        9: [1, 6, 2, 7, 3],
+    }
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_circle_graph():
+    embedding_data = {
+        0: [1, 9],
+        1: [0, 2],
+        2: [1, 3],
+        3: [2, 4],
+        4: [3, 5],
+        5: [4, 6],
+        6: [5, 7],
+        7: [6, 8],
+        8: [7, 9],
+        9: [8, 0],
+    }
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_grid_graph():
+    embedding_data = {
+        (0, 1): [(0, 0), (1, 1), (0, 2)],
+        (1, 2): [(1, 1), (2, 2), (0, 2)],
+        (0, 0): [(0, 1), (1, 0)],
+        (2, 1): [(2, 0), (2, 2), (1, 1)],
+        (1, 1): [(2, 1), (1, 2), (0, 1), (1, 0)],
+        (2, 0): [(1, 0), (2, 1)],
+        (2, 2): [(1, 2), (2, 1)],
+        (1, 0): [(0, 0), (2, 0), (1, 1)],
+        (0, 2): [(1, 2), (0, 1)],
+    }
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_one_node_graph():
+    embedding_data = {0: []}
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_two_node_graph():
+    embedding_data = {0: [1], 1: [0]}
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_three_node_graph():
+    embedding_data = {0: [1, 2], 1: [0, 2], 2: [0, 1]}
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_multiple_component_graph1():
+    embedding_data = {0: [], 1: []}
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_multiple_component_graph2():
+    embedding_data = {0: [1, 2], 1: [0, 2], 2: [0, 1], 3: [4, 5], 4: [3, 5], 5: [3, 4]}
+    check_embedding_data(embedding_data)
+
+
+def test_invalid_half_edge():
+    with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+        embedding_data = {1: [2, 3, 4], 2: [1, 3, 4], 3: [1, 2, 4], 4: [1, 2, 3]}
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.set_data(embedding_data)
+        nx.combinatorial_embedding_to_pos(embedding)
+
+
+def test_triangulate_embedding1():
+    embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+    embedding.add_node(1)
+    expected_embedding = {1: []}
+    check_triangulation(embedding, expected_embedding)
+
+
+def test_triangulate_embedding2():
+    embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+    embedding.connect_components(1, 2)
+    expected_embedding = {1: [2], 2: [1]}
+    check_triangulation(embedding, expected_embedding)
+
+
+def check_triangulation(embedding, expected_embedding):
+    res_embedding, _ = triangulate_embedding(embedding, True)
+    assert res_embedding.get_data() == expected_embedding, (
+        "Expected embedding incorrect"
+    )
+    res_embedding, _ = triangulate_embedding(embedding, False)
+    assert res_embedding.get_data() == expected_embedding, (
+        "Expected embedding incorrect"
+    )
+
+
+def check_embedding_data(embedding_data):
+    """Checks that the planar embedding of the input is correct"""
+    embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+    embedding.set_data(embedding_data)
+    pos_fully = nx.combinatorial_embedding_to_pos(embedding, False)
+    msg = "Planar drawing does not conform to the embedding (fully triangulation)"
+    assert planar_drawing_conforms_to_embedding(embedding, pos_fully), msg
+    check_edge_intersections(embedding, pos_fully)
+    pos_internally = nx.combinatorial_embedding_to_pos(embedding, True)
+    msg = "Planar drawing does not conform to the embedding (internal triangulation)"
+    assert planar_drawing_conforms_to_embedding(embedding, pos_internally), msg
+    check_edge_intersections(embedding, pos_internally)
+
+
+def is_close(a, b, rel_tol=1e-09, abs_tol=0.0):
+    # Check if float numbers are basically equal, for python >=3.5 there is
+    # function for that in the standard library
+    return abs(a - b) <= max(rel_tol * max(abs(a), abs(b)), abs_tol)
+
+
+def point_in_between(a, b, p):
+    # checks if p is on the line between a and b
+    x1, y1 = a
+    x2, y2 = b
+    px, py = p
+    dist_1_2 = math.sqrt((x1 - x2) ** 2 + (y1 - y2) ** 2)
+    dist_1_p = math.sqrt((x1 - px) ** 2 + (y1 - py) ** 2)
+    dist_2_p = math.sqrt((x2 - px) ** 2 + (y2 - py) ** 2)
+    return is_close(dist_1_p + dist_2_p, dist_1_2)
+
+
+def check_edge_intersections(G, pos):
+    """Check all edges in G for intersections.
+
+    Raises an exception if an intersection is found.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    G : NetworkX graph
+    pos : dict
+        Maps every node to a tuple (x, y) representing its position
+
+    """
+    for a, b in G.edges():
+        for c, d in G.edges():
+            # Check if end points are different
+            if a != c and b != d and b != c and a != d:
+                x1, y1 = pos[a]
+                x2, y2 = pos[b]
+                x3, y3 = pos[c]
+                x4, y4 = pos[d]
+                determinant = (x1 - x2) * (y3 - y4) - (y1 - y2) * (x3 - x4)
+                if determinant != 0:  # the lines are not parallel
+                    # calculate intersection point, see:
+                    # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%E2%80%93line_intersection
+                    px = (x1 * y2 - y1 * x2) * (x3 - x4) - (x1 - x2) * (
+                        x3 * y4 - y3 * x4
+                    ) / determinant
+                    py = (x1 * y2 - y1 * x2) * (y3 - y4) - (y1 - y2) * (
+                        x3 * y4 - y3 * x4
+                    ) / determinant
+
+                    # Check if intersection lies between the points
+                    if point_in_between(pos[a], pos[b], (px, py)) and point_in_between(
+                        pos[c], pos[d], (px, py)
+                    ):
+                        msg = f"There is an intersection at {px},{py}"
+                        raise nx.NetworkXException(msg)
+
+                #  Check overlap
+                msg = "A node lies on a edge connecting two other nodes"
+                if (
+                    point_in_between(pos[a], pos[b], pos[c])
+                    or point_in_between(pos[a], pos[b], pos[d])
+                    or point_in_between(pos[c], pos[d], pos[a])
+                    or point_in_between(pos[c], pos[d], pos[b])
+                ):
+                    raise nx.NetworkXException(msg)
+    # No edge intersection found
+
+
+class Vector:
+    """Compare vectors by their angle without loss of precision
+
+    All vectors in direction [0, 1] are the smallest.
+    The vectors grow in clockwise direction.
+    """
+
+    __slots__ = ["x", "y", "node", "quadrant"]
+
+    def __init__(self, x, y, node):
+        self.x = x
+        self.y = y
+        self.node = node
+        if self.x >= 0 and self.y > 0:
+            self.quadrant = 1
+        elif self.x > 0 and self.y <= 0:
+            self.quadrant = 2
+        elif self.x <= 0 and self.y < 0:
+            self.quadrant = 3
+        else:
+            self.quadrant = 4
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return self.quadrant == other.quadrant and self.x * other.y == self.y * other.x
+
+    def __lt__(self, other):
+        if self.quadrant < other.quadrant:
+            return True
+        elif self.quadrant > other.quadrant:
+            return False
+        else:
+            return self.x * other.y < self.y * other.x
+
+    def __ne__(self, other):
+        return self != other
+
+    def __le__(self, other):
+        return not other < self
+
+    def __gt__(self, other):
+        return other < self
+
+    def __ge__(self, other):
+        return not self < other
+
+
+def planar_drawing_conforms_to_embedding(embedding, pos):
+    """Checks if pos conforms to the planar embedding
+
+    Returns true iff the neighbors are actually oriented in the orientation
+    specified of the embedding
+    """
+    for v in embedding:
+        nbr_vectors = []
+        v_pos = pos[v]
+        for nbr in embedding[v]:
+            new_vector = Vector(pos[nbr][0] - v_pos[0], pos[nbr][1] - v_pos[1], nbr)
+            nbr_vectors.append(new_vector)
+        # Sort neighbors according to their phi angle
+        nbr_vectors.sort()
+        for idx, nbr_vector in enumerate(nbr_vectors):
+            cw_vector = nbr_vectors[(idx + 1) % len(nbr_vectors)]
+            ccw_vector = nbr_vectors[idx - 1]
+            if (
+                embedding[v][nbr_vector.node]["cw"] != cw_vector.node
+                or embedding[v][nbr_vector.node]["ccw"] != ccw_vector.node
+            ):
+                return False
+            if cw_vector.node != nbr_vector.node and cw_vector == nbr_vector:
+                # Lines overlap
+                return False
+            if ccw_vector.node != nbr_vector.node and ccw_vector == nbr_vector:
+                # Lines overlap
+                return False
+    return True

venv/lib/python3.12/site-packages/networkx/algorithms/tests/test_planarity.py

@@ -0,0 +1,556 @@
+import pytest
+
+import networkx as nx
+from networkx.algorithms.planarity import (
+    check_planarity_recursive,
+    get_counterexample,
+    get_counterexample_recursive,
+)
+
+
+class TestLRPlanarity:
+    """Nose Unit tests for the :mod:`networkx.algorithms.planarity` module.
+
+    Tests three things:
+    1. Check that the result is correct
+        (returns planar if and only if the graph is actually planar)
+    2. In case a counter example is returned: Check if it is correct
+    3. In case an embedding is returned: Check if its actually an embedding
+    """
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def check_graph(G, is_planar=None):
+        """Raises an exception if the lr_planarity check returns a wrong result
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        G : NetworkX graph
+        is_planar : bool
+            The expected result of the planarity check.
+            If set to None only counter example or embedding are verified.
+
+        """
+
+        # obtain results of planarity check
+        is_planar_lr, result = nx.check_planarity(G, True)
+        is_planar_lr_rec, result_rec = check_planarity_recursive(G, True)
+
+        if is_planar is not None:
+            # set a message for the assert
+            if is_planar:
+                msg = "Wrong planarity check result. Should be planar."
+            else:
+                msg = "Wrong planarity check result. Should be non-planar."
+
+            # check if the result is as expected
+            assert is_planar == is_planar_lr, msg
+            assert is_planar == is_planar_lr_rec, msg
+
+        if is_planar_lr:
+            # check embedding
+            check_embedding(G, result)
+            check_embedding(G, result_rec)
+        else:
+            # check counter example
+            check_counterexample(G, result)
+            check_counterexample(G, result_rec)
+
+    def test_simple_planar_graph(self):
+        e = [
+            (1, 2),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 4),
+            (4, 6),
+            (6, 7),
+            (7, 1),
+            (1, 5),
+            (5, 2),
+            (2, 4),
+            (4, 5),
+            (5, 7),
+        ]
+        self.check_graph(nx.Graph(e), is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_planar_with_selfloop(self):
+        e = [
+            (1, 1),
+            (2, 2),
+            (3, 3),
+            (4, 4),
+            (5, 5),
+            (1, 2),
+            (1, 3),
+            (1, 5),
+            (2, 5),
+            (2, 4),
+            (3, 4),
+            (3, 5),
+            (4, 5),
+        ]
+        self.check_graph(nx.Graph(e), is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_k3_3(self):
+        self.check_graph(nx.complete_bipartite_graph(3, 3), is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_k5(self):
+        self.check_graph(nx.complete_graph(5), is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_multiple_components_planar(self):
+        e = [(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (4, 5), (5, 6), (6, 4)]
+        self.check_graph(nx.Graph(e), is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_multiple_components_non_planar(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        # add another planar component to the non planar component
+        # G stays non planar
+        G.add_edges_from([(6, 7), (7, 8), (8, 6)])
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_non_planar_with_selfloop(self):
+        G = nx.complete_graph(5)
+        # add self loops
+        for i in range(5):
+            G.add_edge(i, i)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_non_planar1(self):
+        # tests a graph that has no subgraph directly isomorph to K5 or K3_3
+        e = [
+            (1, 5),
+            (1, 6),
+            (1, 7),
+            (2, 6),
+            (2, 3),
+            (3, 5),
+            (3, 7),
+            (4, 5),
+            (4, 6),
+            (4, 7),
+        ]
+        self.check_graph(nx.Graph(e), is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_loop(self):
+        # test a graph with a selfloop
+        e = [(1, 2), (2, 2)]
+        G = nx.Graph(e)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_comp(self):
+        # test multiple component graph
+        e = [(1, 2), (3, 4)]
+        G = nx.Graph(e)
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_goldner_harary(self):
+        # test goldner-harary graph (a maximal planar graph)
+        e = [
+            (1, 2),
+            (1, 3),
+            (1, 4),
+            (1, 5),
+            (1, 7),
+            (1, 8),
+            (1, 10),
+            (1, 11),
+            (2, 3),
+            (2, 4),
+            (2, 6),
+            (2, 7),
+            (2, 9),
+            (2, 10),
+            (2, 11),
+            (3, 4),
+            (4, 5),
+            (4, 6),
+            (4, 7),
+            (5, 7),
+            (6, 7),
+            (7, 8),
+            (7, 9),
+            (7, 10),
+            (8, 10),
+            (9, 10),
+            (10, 11),
+        ]
+        G = nx.Graph(e)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_planar_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph([(1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1)])
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_non_planar_multigraph(self):
+        G = nx.MultiGraph(nx.complete_graph(5))
+        G.add_edges_from([(1, 2)] * 5)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_planar_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph([(1, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (1, 4), (3, 2)])
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_non_planar_digraph(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph(nx.complete_graph(5))
+        G.remove_edge(1, 2)
+        G.remove_edge(4, 1)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_single_component(self):
+        # Test a graph with only a single node
+        G = nx.Graph()
+        G.add_node(1)
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_graph1(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(
+            [
+                (3, 10),
+                (2, 13),
+                (1, 13),
+                (7, 11),
+                (0, 8),
+                (8, 13),
+                (0, 2),
+                (0, 7),
+                (0, 10),
+                (1, 7),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=True)
+
+    def test_graph2(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(
+            [
+                (1, 2),
+                (4, 13),
+                (0, 13),
+                (4, 5),
+                (7, 10),
+                (1, 7),
+                (0, 3),
+                (2, 6),
+                (5, 6),
+                (7, 13),
+                (4, 8),
+                (0, 8),
+                (0, 9),
+                (2, 13),
+                (6, 7),
+                (3, 6),
+                (2, 8),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_graph3(self):
+        G = nx.Graph(
+            [
+                (0, 7),
+                (3, 11),
+                (3, 4),
+                (8, 9),
+                (4, 11),
+                (1, 7),
+                (1, 13),
+                (1, 11),
+                (3, 5),
+                (5, 7),
+                (1, 3),
+                (0, 4),
+                (5, 11),
+                (5, 13),
+            ]
+        )
+        self.check_graph(G, is_planar=False)
+
+    def test_counterexample_planar(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            # Try to get a counterexample of a planar graph
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_node(1)
+            get_counterexample(G)
+
+    def test_counterexample_planar_recursive(self):
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            # Try to get a counterexample of a planar graph
+            G = nx.Graph()
+            G.add_node(1)
+            get_counterexample_recursive(G)
+
+    def test_edge_removal_from_planar_embedding(self):
+        # PlanarEmbedding.check_structure() must succeed after edge removal
+        edges = ((0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 0), (0, 2), (0, 3))
+        G = nx.Graph(edges)
+        cert, P = nx.check_planarity(G)
+        assert cert is True
+        P.remove_edge(0, 2)
+        self.check_graph(P, is_planar=True)
+        P.add_half_edge_ccw(1, 3, 2)
+        P.add_half_edge_cw(3, 1, 2)
+        self.check_graph(P, is_planar=True)
+        P.remove_edges_from(((0, 3), (1, 3)))
+        self.check_graph(P, is_planar=True)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize("graph_type", (nx.Graph, nx.MultiGraph))
+    def test_graph_planar_embedding_to_undirected(self, graph_type):
+        G = graph_type([(0, 1), (0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (0, 2)])
+        is_planar, P = nx.check_planarity(G)
+        assert is_planar
+        U = P.to_undirected()
+        assert isinstance(U, nx.Graph)
+        assert all((d == {} for _, _, d in U.edges(data=True)))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "reciprocal, as_view", [(True, True), (True, False), (False, True)]
+    )
+    def test_planar_embedding_to_undirected_invalid_parameters(
+        self, reciprocal, as_view
+    ):
+        G = nx.Graph([(0, 1), (1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 0), (0, 2)])
+        is_planar, P = nx.check_planarity(G)
+        assert is_planar
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="is not supported for PlanarEmbedding."):
+            P.to_undirected(reciprocal=reciprocal, as_view=as_view)
+
+
+def check_embedding(G, embedding):
+    """Raises an exception if the combinatorial embedding is not correct
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    G : NetworkX graph
+    embedding : a dict mapping nodes to a list of edges
+        This specifies the ordering of the outgoing edges from a node for
+        a combinatorial embedding
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Checks the following things:
+        - The type of the embedding is correct
+        - The nodes and edges match the original graph
+        - Every half edge has its matching opposite half edge
+        - No intersections of edges (checked by Euler's formula)
+    """
+
+    if not isinstance(embedding, nx.PlanarEmbedding):
+        raise nx.NetworkXException("Bad embedding. Not of type nx.PlanarEmbedding")
+
+    # Check structure
+    embedding.check_structure()
+
+    # Check that graphs are equivalent
+
+    assert set(G.nodes) == set(embedding.nodes), (
+        "Bad embedding. Nodes don't match the original graph."
+    )
+
+    # Check that the edges are equal
+    g_edges = set()
+    for edge in G.edges:
+        if edge[0] != edge[1]:
+            g_edges.add((edge[0], edge[1]))
+            g_edges.add((edge[1], edge[0]))
+    assert g_edges == set(embedding.edges), (
+        "Bad embedding. Edges don't match the original graph."
+    )
+
+
+def check_counterexample(G, sub_graph):
+    """Raises an exception if the counterexample is wrong.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    G : NetworkX graph
+    subdivision_nodes : set
+        A set of nodes inducing a subgraph as a counterexample
+    """
+    # 1. Create the sub graph
+    sub_graph = nx.Graph(sub_graph)
+
+    # 2. Remove self loops
+    for u in sub_graph:
+        if sub_graph.has_edge(u, u):
+            sub_graph.remove_edge(u, u)
+
+    # keep track of nodes we might need to contract
+    contract = list(sub_graph)
+
+    # 3. Contract Edges
+    while len(contract) > 0:
+        contract_node = contract.pop()
+        if contract_node not in sub_graph:
+            # Node was already contracted
+            continue
+        degree = sub_graph.degree[contract_node]
+        # Check if we can remove the node
+        if degree == 2:
+            # Get the two neighbors
+            neighbors = iter(sub_graph[contract_node])
+            u = next(neighbors)
+            v = next(neighbors)
+            # Save nodes for later
+            contract.append(u)
+            contract.append(v)
+            # Contract edge
+            sub_graph.remove_node(contract_node)
+            sub_graph.add_edge(u, v)
+
+    # 4. Check for isomorphism with K5 or K3_3 graphs
+    if len(sub_graph) == 5:
+        if not nx.is_isomorphic(nx.complete_graph(5), sub_graph):
+            raise nx.NetworkXException("Bad counter example.")
+    elif len(sub_graph) == 6:
+        if not nx.is_isomorphic(nx.complete_bipartite_graph(3, 3), sub_graph):
+            raise nx.NetworkXException("Bad counter example.")
+    else:
+        raise nx.NetworkXException("Bad counter example.")
+
+
+class TestPlanarEmbeddingClass:
+    def test_add_half_edge(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.add_half_edge(0, 1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXException, match="Invalid clockwise reference node."
+        ):
+            embedding.add_half_edge(0, 2, cw=3)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXException, match="Invalid counterclockwise reference node."
+        ):
+            embedding.add_half_edge(0, 2, ccw=3)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXException, match="Only one of cw/ccw can be specified."
+        ):
+            embedding.add_half_edge(0, 2, cw=1, ccw=1)
+        with pytest.raises(
+            nx.NetworkXException,
+            match=(
+                r"Node already has out-half-edge\(s\), either"
+                " cw or ccw reference node required."
+            ),
+        ):
+            embedding.add_half_edge(0, 2)
+        # these should work
+        embedding.add_half_edge(0, 2, cw=1)
+        embedding.add_half_edge(0, 3, ccw=1)
+        assert sorted(embedding.edges(data=True)) == [
+            (0, 1, {"ccw": 2, "cw": 3}),
+            (0, 2, {"cw": 1, "ccw": 3}),
+            (0, 3, {"cw": 2, "ccw": 1}),
+        ]
+
+    def test_get_data(self):
+        embedding = self.get_star_embedding(4)
+        data = embedding.get_data()
+        data_cmp = {0: [3, 2, 1], 1: [0], 2: [0], 3: [0]}
+        assert data == data_cmp
+
+    def test_edge_removal(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.set_data(
+            {
+                1: [2, 5, 7],
+                2: [1, 3, 4, 5],
+                3: [2, 4],
+                4: [3, 6, 5, 2],
+                5: [7, 1, 2, 4],
+                6: [4, 7],
+                7: [6, 1, 5],
+            }
+        )
+        # remove_edges_from() calls remove_edge(), so both are tested here
+        embedding.remove_edges_from(((5, 4), (1, 5)))
+        embedding.check_structure()
+        embedding_expected = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding_expected.set_data(
+            {
+                1: [2, 7],
+                2: [1, 3, 4, 5],
+                3: [2, 4],
+                4: [3, 6, 2],
+                5: [7, 2],
+                6: [4, 7],
+                7: [6, 1, 5],
+            }
+        )
+        assert nx.utils.graphs_equal(embedding, embedding_expected)
+
+    def test_missing_edge_orientation(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding({1: {2: {}}, 2: {1: {}}})
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            # Invalid structure because the orientation of the edge was not set
+            embedding.check_structure()
+
+    def test_invalid_edge_orientation(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding(
+            {
+                1: {2: {"cw": 2, "ccw": 2}},
+                2: {1: {"cw": 1, "ccw": 1}},
+                1: {3: {}},
+                3: {1: {}},
+            }
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            embedding.check_structure()
+
+    def test_missing_half_edge(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.add_half_edge(1, 2)
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            # Invalid structure because other half edge is missing
+            embedding.check_structure()
+
+    def test_not_fulfilling_euler_formula(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        for i in range(5):
+            ref = None
+            for j in range(5):
+                if i != j:
+                    embedding.add_half_edge(i, j, cw=ref)
+                    ref = j
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            embedding.check_structure()
+
+    def test_missing_reference(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException, match="Invalid reference node."):
+            embedding.add_half_edge(1, 2, ccw=3)
+
+    def test_connect_components(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.connect_components(1, 2)
+
+    def test_successful_face_traversal(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.add_half_edge(1, 2)
+        embedding.add_half_edge(2, 1)
+        face = embedding.traverse_face(1, 2)
+        assert face == [1, 2]
+
+    def test_unsuccessful_face_traversal(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding(
+            {1: {2: {"cw": 3, "ccw": 2}}, 2: {1: {"cw": 3, "ccw": 1}}}
+        )
+        with pytest.raises(nx.NetworkXException):
+            embedding.traverse_face(1, 2)
+
+    def test_forbidden_methods(self):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        embedding.add_node(42)  # no exception
+        embedding.add_nodes_from([(23, 24)])  # no exception
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            embedding.add_edge(1, 3)
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            embedding.add_edges_from([(0, 2), (1, 4)])
+        with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
+            embedding.add_weighted_edges_from([(0, 2, 350), (1, 4, 125)])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def get_star_embedding(n):
+        embedding = nx.PlanarEmbedding()
+        ref = None
+        for i in range(1, n):
+            embedding.add_half_edge(0, i, cw=ref)
+            ref = i
+            embedding.add_half_edge(i, 0)
+        return embedding