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#ifdef WITH_PYTHON_LAYER
#include "boost/python.hpp"
namespace bp = boost::python;
#endif

#include <gflags/gflags.h>
#include <glog/logging.h>

#include <cstring>
#include <map>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "boost/algorithm/string.hpp"
#include "caffe/caffe.hpp"
#include "caffe/util/signal_handler.h"

using caffe::Blob;
using caffe::Caffe;
using caffe::Net;
using caffe::Layer;
using caffe::Solver;
using caffe::shared_ptr;
using caffe::string;
using caffe::Timer;
using caffe::vector;
using std::ostringstream;

DEFINE_string(gpu, "",
    "Optional; run in GPU mode on given device IDs separated by ','."
    "Use '-gpu all' to run on all available GPUs. The effective training "
    "batch size is multiplied by the number of devices.");
DEFINE_string(solver, "",
    "The solver definition protocol buffer text file.");
DEFINE_string(model, "",
    "The model definition protocol buffer text file.");
DEFINE_string(phase, "",
    "Optional; network phase (TRAIN or TEST). Only used for 'time'.");
DEFINE_int32(level, 0,
    "Optional; network level.");
DEFINE_string(stage, "",
    "Optional; network stages (not to be confused with phase), "
    "separated by ','.");
DEFINE_string(snapshot, "",
    "Optional; the snapshot solver state to resume training.");
DEFINE_string(weights, "",
    "Optional; the pretrained weights to initialize finetuning, "
    "separated by ','. Cannot be set simultaneously with snapshot.");
DEFINE_int32(iterations, 50,
    "The number of iterations to run.");
DEFINE_string(sigint_effect, "stop",
             "Optional; action to take when a SIGINT signal is received: "
              "snapshot, stop or none.");
DEFINE_string(sighup_effect, "snapshot",
             "Optional; action to take when a SIGHUP signal is received: "
             "snapshot, stop or none.");

// A simple registry for caffe commands.
typedef int (*BrewFunction)();
typedef std::map<caffe::string, BrewFunction> BrewMap;
BrewMap g_brew_map;

#define RegisterBrewFunction(func) \
namespace { \
class __Registerer_##func { \
 public: /* NOLINT */ \
  __Registerer_##func() { \
    g_brew_map[#func] = &func; \
  } \
}; \
__Registerer_##func g_registerer_##func; \
}

static BrewFunction GetBrewFunction(const caffe::string& name) {
  if (g_brew_map.count(name)) {
    return g_brew_map[name];
  } else {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Available caffe actions:";
    for (BrewMap::iterator it = g_brew_map.begin();
         it != g_brew_map.end(); ++it) {
      LOG(ERROR) << "\t" << it->first;
    }
    LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown action: " << name;
    return NULL;  // not reachable, just to suppress old compiler warnings.
  }
}

// Parse GPU ids or use all available devices
static void get_gpus(vector<int>* gpus) {
  if (FLAGS_gpu == "all") {
    int count = 0;
#ifndef CPU_ONLY
    CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceCount(&count));
#else
    NO_GPU;
#endif
    for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
      gpus->push_back(i);
    }
  } else if (FLAGS_gpu.size()) {
    vector<string> strings;
    boost::split(strings, FLAGS_gpu, boost::is_any_of(","));
    for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); ++i) {
      gpus->push_back(boost::lexical_cast<int>(strings[i]));
    }
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(gpus->size(), 0);
  }
}

// Parse phase from flags
caffe::Phase get_phase_from_flags(caffe::Phase default_value) {
  if (FLAGS_phase == "")
    return default_value;
  if (FLAGS_phase == "TRAIN")
    return caffe::TRAIN;
  if (FLAGS_phase == "TEST")
    return caffe::TEST;
  LOG(FATAL) << "phase must be \"TRAIN\" or \"TEST\"";
  return caffe::TRAIN;  // Avoid warning
}

// Parse stages from flags
vector<string> get_stages_from_flags() {
  vector<string> stages;
  boost::split(stages, FLAGS_stage, boost::is_any_of(","));
  return stages;
}

// caffe commands to call by
//     caffe <command> <args>
//
// To add a command, define a function "int command()" and register it with
// RegisterBrewFunction(action);

// Device Query: show diagnostic information for a GPU device.
int device_query() {
  LOG(INFO) << "Querying GPUs " << FLAGS_gpu;
  vector<int> gpus;
  get_gpus(&gpus);
  for (int i = 0; i < gpus.size(); ++i) {
    caffe::Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[i]);
    caffe::Caffe::DeviceQuery();
  }
  return 0;
}
RegisterBrewFunction(device_query);

// Translate the signal effect the user specified on the command-line to the
// corresponding enumeration.
caffe::SolverAction::Enum GetRequestedAction(
    const std::string& flag_value) {
  if (flag_value == "stop") {
    return caffe::SolverAction::STOP;
  }
  if (flag_value == "snapshot") {
    return caffe::SolverAction::SNAPSHOT;
  }
  if (flag_value == "none") {
    return caffe::SolverAction::NONE;
  }
  LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid signal effect \""<< flag_value << "\" was specified";
}

// Train / Finetune a model.
int train() {
  CHECK_GT(FLAGS_solver.size(), 0) << "Need a solver definition to train.";
  CHECK(!FLAGS_snapshot.size() || !FLAGS_weights.size())
      << "Give a snapshot to resume training or weights to finetune "
      "but not both.";
  vector<string> stages = get_stages_from_flags();

  caffe::SolverParameter solver_param;
  caffe::ReadSolverParamsFromTextFileOrDie(FLAGS_solver, &solver_param);

  solver_param.mutable_train_state()->set_level(FLAGS_level);
  for (int i = 0; i < stages.size(); i++) {
    solver_param.mutable_train_state()->add_stage(stages[i]);
  }

  // If the gpus flag is not provided, allow the mode and device to be set
  // in the solver prototxt.
  if (FLAGS_gpu.size() == 0
      && solver_param.has_solver_mode()
      && solver_param.solver_mode() == caffe::SolverParameter_SolverMode_GPU) {
      if (solver_param.has_device_id()) {
          FLAGS_gpu = "" +
              boost::lexical_cast<string>(solver_param.device_id());
      } else {  // Set default GPU if unspecified
          FLAGS_gpu = "" + boost::lexical_cast<string>(0);
      }
  }

  vector<int> gpus;
  get_gpus(&gpus);
  if (gpus.size() == 0) {
    LOG(INFO) << "Use CPU.";
    Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
  } else {
    ostringstream s;
    for (int i = 0; i < gpus.size(); ++i) {
      s << (i ? ", " : "") << gpus[i];
    }
    LOG(INFO) << "Using GPUs " << s.str();
#ifndef CPU_ONLY
    cudaDeviceProp device_prop;
    for (int i = 0; i < gpus.size(); ++i) {
      cudaGetDeviceProperties(&device_prop, gpus[i]);
      LOG(INFO) << "GPU " << gpus[i] << ": " << device_prop.name;
    }
#endif
    solver_param.set_device_id(gpus[0]);
    Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[0]);
    Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
    Caffe::set_solver_count(gpus.size());
  }

  caffe::SignalHandler signal_handler(
        GetRequestedAction(FLAGS_sigint_effect),
        GetRequestedAction(FLAGS_sighup_effect));

  if (FLAGS_snapshot.size()) {
    solver_param.clear_weights();
  } else if (FLAGS_weights.size()) {
    solver_param.clear_weights();
    solver_param.add_weights(FLAGS_weights);
  }

  shared_ptr<caffe::Solver<float> >
      solver(caffe::SolverRegistry<float>::CreateSolver(solver_param));

  solver->SetActionFunction(signal_handler.GetActionFunction());

  if (FLAGS_snapshot.size()) {
    LOG(INFO) << "Resuming from " << FLAGS_snapshot;
    solver->Restore(FLAGS_snapshot.c_str());
  }

  LOG(INFO) << "Starting Optimization";
  if (gpus.size() > 1) {
#ifdef USE_NCCL
    caffe::NCCL<float> nccl(solver);
    nccl.Run(gpus, FLAGS_snapshot.size() > 0 ? FLAGS_snapshot.c_str() : NULL);
#else
    LOG(FATAL) << "Multi-GPU execution not available - rebuild with USE_NCCL";
#endif
  } else {
    solver->Solve();
  }
  LOG(INFO) << "Optimization Done.";
  return 0;
}
RegisterBrewFunction(train);


// Test: score a model.
int test() {
  CHECK_GT(FLAGS_model.size(), 0) << "Need a model definition to score.";
  CHECK_GT(FLAGS_weights.size(), 0) << "Need model weights to score.";
  vector<string> stages = get_stages_from_flags();

  // Set device id and mode
  vector<int> gpus;
  get_gpus(&gpus);
  if (gpus.size() != 0) {
    LOG(INFO) << "Use GPU with device ID " << gpus[0];
#ifndef CPU_ONLY
    cudaDeviceProp device_prop;
    cudaGetDeviceProperties(&device_prop, gpus[0]);
    LOG(INFO) << "GPU device name: " << device_prop.name;
#endif
    Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[0]);
    Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
  } else {
    LOG(INFO) << "Use CPU.";
    Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
  }
  // Instantiate the caffe net.
  Net<float> caffe_net(FLAGS_model, caffe::TEST, FLAGS_level, &stages);
  caffe_net.CopyTrainedLayersFrom(FLAGS_weights);
  LOG(INFO) << "Running for " << FLAGS_iterations << " iterations.";

  vector<int> test_score_output_id;
  vector<float> test_score;
  float loss = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_iterations; ++i) {
    float iter_loss;
    const vector<Blob<float>*>& result =
        caffe_net.Forward(&iter_loss);
    loss += iter_loss;
    int idx = 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < result.size(); ++j) {
      const float* result_vec = result[j]->cpu_data();
      for (int k = 0; k < result[j]->count(); ++k, ++idx) {
        const float score = result_vec[k];
        if (i == 0) {
          test_score.push_back(score);
          test_score_output_id.push_back(j);
        } else {
          test_score[idx] += score;
        }
        const std::string& output_name = caffe_net.blob_names()[
            caffe_net.output_blob_indices()[j]];
        LOG(INFO) << "Batch " << i << ", " << output_name << " = " << score;
      }
    }
  }
  loss /= FLAGS_iterations;
  LOG(INFO) << "Loss: " << loss;
  for (int i = 0; i < test_score.size(); ++i) {
    const std::string& output_name = caffe_net.blob_names()[
        caffe_net.output_blob_indices()[test_score_output_id[i]]];
    const float loss_weight = caffe_net.blob_loss_weights()[
        caffe_net.output_blob_indices()[test_score_output_id[i]]];
    std::ostringstream loss_msg_stream;
    const float mean_score = test_score[i] / FLAGS_iterations;
    if (loss_weight) {
      loss_msg_stream << " (* " << loss_weight
                      << " = " << loss_weight * mean_score << " loss)";
    }
    LOG(INFO) << output_name << " = " << mean_score << loss_msg_stream.str();
  }

  return 0;
}
RegisterBrewFunction(test);


// Time: benchmark the execution time of a model.
int time() {
  CHECK_GT(FLAGS_model.size(), 0) << "Need a model definition to time.";
  caffe::Phase phase = get_phase_from_flags(caffe::TRAIN);
  vector<string> stages = get_stages_from_flags();

  // Set device id and mode
  vector<int> gpus;
  get_gpus(&gpus);
  if (gpus.size() != 0) {
    LOG(INFO) << "Use GPU with device ID " << gpus[0];
    Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[0]);
    Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
  } else {
    LOG(INFO) << "Use CPU.";
    Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
  }
  // Instantiate the caffe net.
  Net<float> caffe_net(FLAGS_model, phase, FLAGS_level, &stages);

  // Do a clean forward and backward pass, so that memory allocation are done
  // and future iterations will be more stable.
  LOG(INFO) << "Performing Forward";
  // Note that for the speed benchmark, we will assume that the network does
  // not take any input blobs.
  float initial_loss;
  caffe_net.Forward(&initial_loss);
  LOG(INFO) << "Initial loss: " << initial_loss;
  LOG(INFO) << "Performing Backward";
  caffe_net.Backward();

  const vector<shared_ptr<Layer<float> > >& layers = caffe_net.layers();
  const vector<vector<Blob<float>*> >& bottom_vecs = caffe_net.bottom_vecs();
  const vector<vector<Blob<float>*> >& top_vecs = caffe_net.top_vecs();
  const vector<vector<bool> >& bottom_need_backward =
      caffe_net.bottom_need_backward();
  LOG(INFO) << "*** Benchmark begins ***";
  LOG(INFO) << "Testing for " << FLAGS_iterations << " iterations.";
  Timer total_timer;
  total_timer.Start();
  Timer forward_timer;
  Timer backward_timer;
  Timer timer;
  std::vector<double> forward_time_per_layer(layers.size(), 0.0);
  std::vector<double> backward_time_per_layer(layers.size(), 0.0);
  double forward_time = 0.0;
  double backward_time = 0.0;
  for (int j = 0; j < FLAGS_iterations; ++j) {
    Timer iter_timer;
    iter_timer.Start();
    forward_timer.Start();
    for (int i = 0; i < layers.size(); ++i) {
      timer.Start();
      layers[i]->Forward(bottom_vecs[i], top_vecs[i]);
      forward_time_per_layer[i] += timer.MicroSeconds();
    }
    forward_time += forward_timer.MicroSeconds();
    backward_timer.Start();
    for (int i = layers.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
      timer.Start();
      layers[i]->Backward(top_vecs[i], bottom_need_backward[i],
                          bottom_vecs[i]);
      backward_time_per_layer[i] += timer.MicroSeconds();
    }
    backward_time += backward_timer.MicroSeconds();
    LOG(INFO) << "Iteration: " << j + 1 << " forward-backward time: "
      << iter_timer.MilliSeconds() << " ms.";
  }
  LOG(INFO) << "Average time per layer: ";
  for (int i = 0; i < layers.size(); ++i) {
    const caffe::string& layername = layers[i]->layer_param().name();
    LOG(INFO) << std::setfill(' ') << std::setw(10) << layername <<
      "\tforward: " << forward_time_per_layer[i] / 1000 /
      FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
    LOG(INFO) << std::setfill(' ') << std::setw(10) << layername  <<
      "\tbackward: " << backward_time_per_layer[i] / 1000 /
      FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
  }
  total_timer.Stop();
  LOG(INFO) << "Average Forward pass: " << forward_time / 1000 /
    FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
  LOG(INFO) << "Average Backward pass: " << backward_time / 1000 /
    FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
  LOG(INFO) << "Average Forward-Backward: " << total_timer.MilliSeconds() /
    FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
  LOG(INFO) << "Total Time: " << total_timer.MilliSeconds() << " ms.";
  LOG(INFO) << "*** Benchmark ends ***";
  return 0;
}
RegisterBrewFunction(time);

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  // Print output to stderr (while still logging).
  FLAGS_alsologtostderr = 1;
  // Set version
  gflags::SetVersionString(AS_STRING(CAFFE_VERSION));
  // Usage message.
  gflags::SetUsageMessage("command line brew\n"
      "usage: caffe <command> <args>\n\n"
      "commands:\n"
      "  train           train or finetune a model\n"
      "  test            score a model\n"
      "  device_query    show GPU diagnostic information\n"
      "  time            benchmark model execution time");
  // Run tool or show usage.
  caffe::GlobalInit(&argc, &argv);
  if (argc == 2) {
#ifdef WITH_PYTHON_LAYER
    try {
#endif
      return GetBrewFunction(caffe::string(argv[1]))();
#ifdef WITH_PYTHON_LAYER
    } catch (bp::error_already_set) {
      PyErr_Print();
      return 1;
    }
#endif
  } else {
    gflags::ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(argv[0], "tools/caffe");
  }
}

	#ifdef WITH_PYTHON_LAYER
	#include "boost/python.hpp"
	namespace bp = boost::python;
	#endif

	#include <gflags/gflags.h>
	#include <glog/logging.h>

	#include <cstring>
	#include <map>
	#include <string>
	#include <vector>

	#include "boost/algorithm/string.hpp"
	#include "caffe/caffe.hpp"
	#include "caffe/util/signal_handler.h"

	using caffe::Blob;
	using caffe::Caffe;
	using caffe::Net;
	using caffe::Layer;
	using caffe::Solver;
	using caffe::shared_ptr;
	using caffe::string;
	using caffe::Timer;
	using caffe::vector;
	using std::ostringstream;

	DEFINE_string(gpu, "",
	"Optional; run in GPU mode on given device IDs separated by ','."
	"Use '-gpu all' to run on all available GPUs. The effective training "
	"batch size is multiplied by the number of devices.");
	DEFINE_string(solver, "",
	"The solver definition protocol buffer text file.");
	DEFINE_string(model, "",
	"The model definition protocol buffer text file.");
	DEFINE_string(phase, "",
	"Optional; network phase (TRAIN or TEST). Only used for 'time'.");
	DEFINE_int32(level, 0,
	"Optional; network level.");
	DEFINE_string(stage, "",
	"Optional; network stages (not to be confused with phase), "
	"separated by ','.");
	DEFINE_string(snapshot, "",
	"Optional; the snapshot solver state to resume training.");
	DEFINE_string(weights, "",
	"Optional; the pretrained weights to initialize finetuning, "
	"separated by ','. Cannot be set simultaneously with snapshot.");
	DEFINE_int32(iterations, 50,
	"The number of iterations to run.");
	DEFINE_string(sigint_effect, "stop",
	"Optional; action to take when a SIGINT signal is received: "
	"snapshot, stop or none.");
	DEFINE_string(sighup_effect, "snapshot",
	"Optional; action to take when a SIGHUP signal is received: "
	"snapshot, stop or none.");

	// A simple registry for caffe commands.
	typedef int (*BrewFunction)();
	typedef std::map<caffe::string, BrewFunction> BrewMap;
	BrewMap g_brew_map;

	#define RegisterBrewFunction(func) \
	namespace { \
	class __Registerer_##func { \
	public: /* NOLINT */ \
	__Registerer_##func() { \
	g_brew_map[#func] = &func; \
	} \
	}; \
	__Registerer_##func g_registerer_##func; \
	}

	static BrewFunction GetBrewFunction(const caffe::string& name) {
	if (g_brew_map.count(name)) {
	return g_brew_map[name];
	} else {
	LOG(ERROR) << "Available caffe actions:";
	for (BrewMap::iterator it = g_brew_map.begin();
	it != g_brew_map.end(); ++it) {
	LOG(ERROR) << "\t" << it->first;
	}
	LOG(FATAL) << "Unknown action: " << name;
	return NULL; // not reachable, just to suppress old compiler warnings.
	}
	}

	// Parse GPU ids or use all available devices
	static void get_gpus(vector<int>* gpus) {
	if (FLAGS_gpu == "all") {
	int count = 0;
	#ifndef CPU_ONLY
	CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceCount(&count));
	#else
	NO_GPU;
	#endif
	for (int i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
	gpus->push_back(i);
	}
	} else if (FLAGS_gpu.size()) {
	vector<string> strings;
	boost::split(strings, FLAGS_gpu, boost::is_any_of(","));
	for (int i = 0; i < strings.size(); ++i) {
	gpus->push_back(boost::lexical_cast<int>(strings[i]));
	}
	} else {
	CHECK_EQ(gpus->size(), 0);
	}
	}

	// Parse phase from flags
	caffe::Phase get_phase_from_flags(caffe::Phase default_value) {
	if (FLAGS_phase == "")
	return default_value;
	if (FLAGS_phase == "TRAIN")
	return caffe::TRAIN;
	if (FLAGS_phase == "TEST")
	return caffe::TEST;
	LOG(FATAL) << "phase must be \"TRAIN\" or \"TEST\"";
	return caffe::TRAIN; // Avoid warning
	}

	// Parse stages from flags
	vector<string> get_stages_from_flags() {
	vector<string> stages;
	boost::split(stages, FLAGS_stage, boost::is_any_of(","));
	return stages;
	}

	// caffe commands to call by
	// caffe <command> <args>
	//
	// To add a command, define a function "int command()" and register it with
	// RegisterBrewFunction(action);

	// Device Query: show diagnostic information for a GPU device.
	int device_query() {
	LOG(INFO) << "Querying GPUs " << FLAGS_gpu;
	vector<int> gpus;
	get_gpus(&gpus);
	for (int i = 0; i < gpus.size(); ++i) {
	caffe::Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[i]);
	caffe::Caffe::DeviceQuery();
	}
	return 0;
	}
	RegisterBrewFunction(device_query);

	// Translate the signal effect the user specified on the command-line to the
	// corresponding enumeration.
	caffe::SolverAction::Enum GetRequestedAction(
	const std::string& flag_value) {
	if (flag_value == "stop") {
	return caffe::SolverAction::STOP;
	}
	if (flag_value == "snapshot") {
	return caffe::SolverAction::SNAPSHOT;
	}
	if (flag_value == "none") {
	return caffe::SolverAction::NONE;
	}
	LOG(FATAL) << "Invalid signal effect \""<< flag_value << "\" was specified";
	}

	// Train / Finetune a model.
	int train() {
	CHECK_GT(FLAGS_solver.size(), 0) << "Need a solver definition to train.";
	CHECK(!FLAGS_snapshot.size() \|\| !FLAGS_weights.size())
	<< "Give a snapshot to resume training or weights to finetune "
	"but not both.";
	vector<string> stages = get_stages_from_flags();

	caffe::SolverParameter solver_param;
	caffe::ReadSolverParamsFromTextFileOrDie(FLAGS_solver, &solver_param);

	solver_param.mutable_train_state()->set_level(FLAGS_level);
	for (int i = 0; i < stages.size(); i++) {
	solver_param.mutable_train_state()->add_stage(stages[i]);
	}

	// If the gpus flag is not provided, allow the mode and device to be set
	// in the solver prototxt.
	if (FLAGS_gpu.size() == 0
	&& solver_param.has_solver_mode()
	&& solver_param.solver_mode() == caffe::SolverParameter_SolverMode_GPU) {
	if (solver_param.has_device_id()) {
	FLAGS_gpu = "" +
	boost::lexical_cast<string>(solver_param.device_id());
	} else { // Set default GPU if unspecified
	FLAGS_gpu = "" + boost::lexical_cast<string>(0);
	}
	}

	vector<int> gpus;
	get_gpus(&gpus);
	if (gpus.size() == 0) {
	LOG(INFO) << "Use CPU.";
	Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
	} else {
	ostringstream s;
	for (int i = 0; i < gpus.size(); ++i) {
	s << (i ? ", " : "") << gpus[i];
	}
	LOG(INFO) << "Using GPUs " << s.str();
	#ifndef CPU_ONLY
	cudaDeviceProp device_prop;
	for (int i = 0; i < gpus.size(); ++i) {
	cudaGetDeviceProperties(&device_prop, gpus[i]);
	LOG(INFO) << "GPU " << gpus[i] << ": " << device_prop.name;
	}
	#endif
	solver_param.set_device_id(gpus[0]);
	Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[0]);
	Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
	Caffe::set_solver_count(gpus.size());
	}

	caffe::SignalHandler signal_handler(
	GetRequestedAction(FLAGS_sigint_effect),
	GetRequestedAction(FLAGS_sighup_effect));

	if (FLAGS_snapshot.size()) {
	solver_param.clear_weights();
	} else if (FLAGS_weights.size()) {
	solver_param.clear_weights();
	solver_param.add_weights(FLAGS_weights);
	}

	shared_ptr<caffe::Solver<float> >
	solver(caffe::SolverRegistry<float>::CreateSolver(solver_param));

	solver->SetActionFunction(signal_handler.GetActionFunction());

	if (FLAGS_snapshot.size()) {
	LOG(INFO) << "Resuming from " << FLAGS_snapshot;
	solver->Restore(FLAGS_snapshot.c_str());
	}

	LOG(INFO) << "Starting Optimization";
	if (gpus.size() > 1) {
	#ifdef USE_NCCL
	caffe::NCCL<float> nccl(solver);
	nccl.Run(gpus, FLAGS_snapshot.size() > 0 ? FLAGS_snapshot.c_str() : NULL);
	#else
	LOG(FATAL) << "Multi-GPU execution not available - rebuild with USE_NCCL";
	#endif
	} else {
	solver->Solve();
	}
	LOG(INFO) << "Optimization Done.";
	return 0;
	}
	RegisterBrewFunction(train);


	// Test: score a model.
	int test() {
	CHECK_GT(FLAGS_model.size(), 0) << "Need a model definition to score.";
	CHECK_GT(FLAGS_weights.size(), 0) << "Need model weights to score.";
	vector<string> stages = get_stages_from_flags();

	// Set device id and mode
	vector<int> gpus;
	get_gpus(&gpus);
	if (gpus.size() != 0) {
	LOG(INFO) << "Use GPU with device ID " << gpus[0];
	#ifndef CPU_ONLY
	cudaDeviceProp device_prop;
	cudaGetDeviceProperties(&device_prop, gpus[0]);
	LOG(INFO) << "GPU device name: " << device_prop.name;
	#endif
	Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[0]);
	Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
	} else {
	LOG(INFO) << "Use CPU.";
	Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
	}
	// Instantiate the caffe net.
	Net<float> caffe_net(FLAGS_model, caffe::TEST, FLAGS_level, &stages);
	caffe_net.CopyTrainedLayersFrom(FLAGS_weights);
	LOG(INFO) << "Running for " << FLAGS_iterations << " iterations.";

	vector<int> test_score_output_id;
	vector<float> test_score;
	float loss = 0;
	for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_iterations; ++i) {
	float iter_loss;
	const vector<Blob<float>*>& result =
	caffe_net.Forward(&iter_loss);
	loss += iter_loss;
	int idx = 0;
	for (int j = 0; j < result.size(); ++j) {
	const float* result_vec = result[j]->cpu_data();
	for (int k = 0; k < result[j]->count(); ++k, ++idx) {
	const float score = result_vec[k];
	if (i == 0) {
	test_score.push_back(score);
	test_score_output_id.push_back(j);
	} else {
	test_score[idx] += score;
	}
	const std::string& output_name = caffe_net.blob_names()[
	caffe_net.output_blob_indices()[j]];
	LOG(INFO) << "Batch " << i << ", " << output_name << " = " << score;
	}
	}
	}
	loss /= FLAGS_iterations;
	LOG(INFO) << "Loss: " << loss;
	for (int i = 0; i < test_score.size(); ++i) {
	const std::string& output_name = caffe_net.blob_names()[
	caffe_net.output_blob_indices()[test_score_output_id[i]]];
	const float loss_weight = caffe_net.blob_loss_weights()[
	caffe_net.output_blob_indices()[test_score_output_id[i]]];
	std::ostringstream loss_msg_stream;
	const float mean_score = test_score[i] / FLAGS_iterations;
	if (loss_weight) {
	loss_msg_stream << " (* " << loss_weight
	<< " = " << loss_weight * mean_score << " loss)";
	}
	LOG(INFO) << output_name << " = " << mean_score << loss_msg_stream.str();
	}

	return 0;
	}
	RegisterBrewFunction(test);


	// Time: benchmark the execution time of a model.
	int time() {
	CHECK_GT(FLAGS_model.size(), 0) << "Need a model definition to time.";
	caffe::Phase phase = get_phase_from_flags(caffe::TRAIN);
	vector<string> stages = get_stages_from_flags();

	// Set device id and mode
	vector<int> gpus;
	get_gpus(&gpus);
	if (gpus.size() != 0) {
	LOG(INFO) << "Use GPU with device ID " << gpus[0];
	Caffe::SetDevice(gpus[0]);
	Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::GPU);
	} else {
	LOG(INFO) << "Use CPU.";
	Caffe::set_mode(Caffe::CPU);
	}
	// Instantiate the caffe net.
	Net<float> caffe_net(FLAGS_model, phase, FLAGS_level, &stages);

	// Do a clean forward and backward pass, so that memory allocation are done
	// and future iterations will be more stable.
	LOG(INFO) << "Performing Forward";
	// Note that for the speed benchmark, we will assume that the network does
	// not take any input blobs.
	float initial_loss;
	caffe_net.Forward(&initial_loss);
	LOG(INFO) << "Initial loss: " << initial_loss;
	LOG(INFO) << "Performing Backward";
	caffe_net.Backward();

	const vector<shared_ptr<Layer<float> > >& layers = caffe_net.layers();
	const vector<vector<Blob<float>*> >& bottom_vecs = caffe_net.bottom_vecs();
	const vector<vector<Blob<float>*> >& top_vecs = caffe_net.top_vecs();
	const vector<vector<bool> >& bottom_need_backward =
	caffe_net.bottom_need_backward();
	LOG(INFO) << "* Benchmark begins *";
	LOG(INFO) << "Testing for " << FLAGS_iterations << " iterations.";
	Timer total_timer;
	total_timer.Start();
	Timer forward_timer;
	Timer backward_timer;
	Timer timer;
	std::vector<double> forward_time_per_layer(layers.size(), 0.0);
	std::vector<double> backward_time_per_layer(layers.size(), 0.0);
	double forward_time = 0.0;
	double backward_time = 0.0;
	for (int j = 0; j < FLAGS_iterations; ++j) {
	Timer iter_timer;
	iter_timer.Start();
	forward_timer.Start();
	for (int i = 0; i < layers.size(); ++i) {
	timer.Start();
	layers[i]->Forward(bottom_vecs[i], top_vecs[i]);
	forward_time_per_layer[i] += timer.MicroSeconds();
	}
	forward_time += forward_timer.MicroSeconds();
	backward_timer.Start();
	for (int i = layers.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
	timer.Start();
	layers[i]->Backward(top_vecs[i], bottom_need_backward[i],
	bottom_vecs[i]);
	backward_time_per_layer[i] += timer.MicroSeconds();
	}
	backward_time += backward_timer.MicroSeconds();
	LOG(INFO) << "Iteration: " << j + 1 << " forward-backward time: "
	<< iter_timer.MilliSeconds() << " ms.";
	}
	LOG(INFO) << "Average time per layer: ";
	for (int i = 0; i < layers.size(); ++i) {
	const caffe::string& layername = layers[i]->layer_param().name();
	LOG(INFO) << std::setfill(' ') << std::setw(10) << layername <<
	"\tforward: " << forward_time_per_layer[i] / 1000 /
	FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
	LOG(INFO) << std::setfill(' ') << std::setw(10) << layername <<
	"\tbackward: " << backward_time_per_layer[i] / 1000 /
	FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
	}
	total_timer.Stop();
	LOG(INFO) << "Average Forward pass: " << forward_time / 1000 /
	FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
	LOG(INFO) << "Average Backward pass: " << backward_time / 1000 /
	FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
	LOG(INFO) << "Average Forward-Backward: " << total_timer.MilliSeconds() /
	FLAGS_iterations << " ms.";
	LOG(INFO) << "Total Time: " << total_timer.MilliSeconds() << " ms.";
	LOG(INFO) << "* Benchmark ends *";
	return 0;
	}
	RegisterBrewFunction(time);

	int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	// Print output to stderr (while still logging).
	FLAGS_alsologtostderr = 1;
	// Set version
	gflags::SetVersionString(AS_STRING(CAFFE_VERSION));
	// Usage message.
	gflags::SetUsageMessage("command line brew\n"
	"usage: caffe <command> <args>\n\n"
	"commands:\n"
	" train train or finetune a model\n"
	" test score a model\n"
	" device_query show GPU diagnostic information\n"
	" time benchmark model execution time");
	// Run tool or show usage.
	caffe::GlobalInit(&argc, &argv);
	if (argc == 2) {
	#ifdef WITH_PYTHON_LAYER
	try {
	#endif
	return GetBrewFunction(caffe::string(argv[1]))();
	#ifdef WITH_PYTHON_LAYER
	} catch (bp::error_already_set) {
	PyErr_Print();
	return 1;
	}
	#endif
	} else {
	gflags::ShowUsageWithFlagsRestrict(argv[0], "tools/caffe");
	}
	}