Image Segmentation
PyTorch
English
painting-vision-robotics-kit
semantic-segmentation
robotics
edge-ai
construction-ai
autonomous-painting
wall-painting-robot
paint-coverage-estimation
building-facade
drywall
skirting-detection
window-detection
lidar
depth-validation
segformer
deeplabv3
Eval Results (legacy)
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README.md
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- image-segmentation
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- semantic-segmentation
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- robotics
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- construction-ai
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- autonomous-painting
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- wall-painting-robot
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- mean-iou
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- iou
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model-index:
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- name: painting-vision
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results: []
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---
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# Painting Vision — robot-ready wall-paint coverage segmentation
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**A
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Painting Vision reads a single camera frame of a wall and returns far more than
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a mask. It segments the paintable surface, the fixtures and openings that must
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not be painted, and the substrate — then hands a downstream planner a *wall
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boundary, corners, a two-tool stroke plan, machine-readable waypoints, and a
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> model weights are trained by the open `train.py` in this repo on
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> session-separated, real capture data.
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---
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## Why this model exists
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- the **substrate** (e.g. drywall) so paint behaviour is not confused with surface type;
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- **remaining coverage** across repeated observations, so the robot knows when to stop.
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-
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## Capabilities
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samples each gap needs. `train.py` supports class-, wall- and hybrid-balanced
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sampling so the balanced collection survives into the optimizer.
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## Quickstart
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```sh
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| --- | --- |
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| `models.py` | architecture factory: DeepLabV3 (MobileNet/ResNet) + SegFormer, semantic + drywall heads |
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| `train.py` | training, balanced sampling, window loss boost, boundary/coverage metrics |
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| `predict.py` | inference: masks, coverage, geometry, regularised windows |
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| `robot_planner.py` | boundary/corners, two-tool stroke plan, waypoints, progress state |
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| `window_postprocess.py` | fragment merge + oriented rectangle fitting for windows |
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| `depth_validation.py` | LiDAR/depth plane fit, protrusion/recess checks, metric scale |
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```bibtex
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@misc{constructelligence_painting_vision,
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title = {Painting Vision: robot-ready wall-paint coverage segmentation},
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author = {Constructelligence},
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year = {2026},
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note = {Research preview}
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- image-segmentation
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- semantic-segmentation
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- robotics
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- edge-ai
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- construction-ai
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- autonomous-painting
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- wall-painting-robot
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- mean-iou
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- iou
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model-index:
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- name: painting-vision-robotics-kit
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results: []
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---
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# Painting Vision Robotics Kit — robot-ready wall-paint coverage segmentation
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**A lite, edge-deployable research preview for autonomous painting and surface-finishing robots: from pixels to an executable paint plan.**
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The Painting Vision Robotics Kit reads a single camera frame of a wall and returns far more than
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a mask. It segments the paintable surface, the fixtures and openings that must
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not be painted, and the substrate — then hands a downstream planner a *wall
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boundary, corners, a two-tool stroke plan, machine-readable waypoints, and a
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> model weights are trained by the open `train.py` in this repo on
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> session-separated, real capture data.
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## Lite model, frontier lineage
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**This kit is the *lite* tier of our models.** The published
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`painting-vision-robotics-kit` is deliberately compact — a MobileNetV3/DeepLabV3-class
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backbone through SegFormer-B2 (`models.py --arch`) sized to run onboard a painting
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robot on CPU or a small accelerator, trading peak accuracy for latency, memory and
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offline operation (ONNX / TensorRT INT8 / CoreML targets; `docs/ROADMAP.md`, Phase 3).
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**Our frontier tier is the flagship.** Constructelligence is developing **frontier
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construction-AI models** — larger backbones, higher-resolution and multimodal (RGB +
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depth/LiDAR) input, trained on session-separated real capture. Those are a separate,
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larger model class and are **not** what this card publishes. What is open here is the
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*lite* variant: the same task and the same honest, testable pipeline, at a fraction of
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the size, runnable on a laptop today.
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Read this card as the **floor** of the range — a lite model shipped in the open by a
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frontier-model team — not the ceiling.
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---
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## Why this model exists
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- the **substrate** (e.g. drywall) so paint behaviour is not confused with surface type;
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- **remaining coverage** across repeated observations, so the robot knows when to stop.
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The kit is designed end-to-end around those questions.
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## Capabilities
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samples each gap needs. `train.py` supports class-, wall- and hybrid-balanced
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sampling so the balanced collection survives into the optimizer.
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### 6. Paint colour: named, matched, per face
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`paint_color.py` places the painted pixels in CIELAB, trims the darkest and
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brightest 10% (shadow, glare, lap marks) and names the coat ("magnolia
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#F1EBD6"), reports a k-means palette and a colour per measured wall face — so a
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face painted in the wrong colour or a missed second coat is visible in the
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report. A specified colour (`--reference-color`) is compared with **CIEDE2000**
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and banded (≤1 exact, ≤2 a touch-up match, ≤5 the same at a glance), and
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`safety_gate.py` stops the coat when the measured colour is not the specified
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one. The colour printed on a paint can's label is read and checked against the
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same reference, so the product on site is verified and not assumed.
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### 7. The equipment around the wall
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`site_objects.py` finds paint cans, trays, brushes, rollers, ladders and dust
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sheets around the wall, with no trained model (there is no annotated data for
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them): gradient outlines are cut above the frame's own noise, scene structure
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(skirting, ceiling, the wall/floor junction) is removed so a tin standing on the
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floor is not welded onto it, outlines are closed and filled back into bodies,
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and each body is scored per class from its own cues — aspect, fill, outline
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straightness, nap texture, the stripe a tin's rim or a brush's ferrule makes,
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the repeats tray ridges or ladder rungs make, frame position, colour. It answers
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what a site asks: is the gear the plan needs here, is anything standing where
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the paint is going (folded into the keep-out mask), and is the tin the right
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colour. Every detection carries the cues that fired and the scores of the
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classes it was *not* given; `safety_gate.py` warns by default on clutter and on
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missing tools, and stops on a colour mismatch.
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## Quickstart
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```sh
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| --- | --- |
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| `models.py` | architecture factory: DeepLabV3 (MobileNet/ResNet) + SegFormer, semantic + drywall heads |
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| `train.py` | training, balanced sampling, window loss boost, boundary/coverage metrics |
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| `predict.py` | inference: masks, coverage, geometry, regularised windows, paint colour, equipment on site |
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| `paint_color.py` | the coat's colour named, paletted, per face, and matched with CIEDE2000 |
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| `site_objects.py` | model-free detection of paint cans, trays, brushes, rollers, ladders, dust sheets; the colour on a tin's label |
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| `robot_planner.py` | boundary/corners, two-tool stroke plan, waypoints, progress state |
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| `window_postprocess.py` | fragment merge + oriented rectangle fitting for windows |
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| `depth_validation.py` | LiDAR/depth plane fit, protrusion/recess checks, metric scale |
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```bibtex
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@misc{constructelligence_painting_vision,
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title = {Painting Vision Robotics Kit: robot-ready wall-paint coverage segmentation},
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author = {Constructelligence},
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year = {2026},
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note = {Research preview}
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