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README.md
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license: cc-by-4.0
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---
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license: cc-by-4.0
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---
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---
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language: en
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lic-ense: cc-by-4.0
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tags: [linear-algebra, llm-evaluation, error-analysis, mathematical-reasoning, benchmark]
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size_categories: [1K<n<10K]
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configs:
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features:
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- name: Problem_ID
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dtype: string
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- name: Model
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dtype: string
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- name: Subcat
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dtype: string
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- name: problem_latex
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dtype: string
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- name: answer_latex
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dtype: string
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- name: Model_Response
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dtype: string
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- name: Correct
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dtype: string
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- name: Error_Tag
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dtype: string
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- name: validated
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dtype: bool
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splits:
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- name: benchmark
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num_examples: 660
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- name: model_outputs
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num_examples: 6600
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- name: error_annotations
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num_examples: 2549
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- name: results
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config_name: "default"
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---
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# LinAlg-Bench: A Forensic Benchmark Revealing Structural Failure Modes in LLM Mathematical Reasoning
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A diagnostic benchmark evaluating 10 frontier LLMs on linear algebra computation across a strict dimensional gradient (3×3, 4×4, 5×5 matrices), with automated three-stage forensic error classification revealing that LLM mathematical failure is structurally constrained by algorithm family and matrix dimension rather than random.
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## Overview
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LinAlg-Bench is a diagnostic dataset of LLM responses and forensic error annotations on linear algebra computation tasks. It covers 660 problems across three matrix sizes (3×3, 4×4, 5×5) and nine operation types (determinant, eigenvalues, rank, nullity, trace, multiplication, matrix power, matrix-vector product, transpose), evaluated on 10 frontier models. Each failure is annotated with a fine-grained error tag and subtype via a three-stage automated forensic pipeline (Gemini-3.1-Pro judge + meta-auditor).
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## Data Structure
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```
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data/
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├── benchmark/ # Problem definitions (SymPy-certified ground truth)
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│ ├── train-00000.parquet # 3×3: 220 unique problems
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│ ├── train-00001.parquet # 4×4: 220 unique problems
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│ └── train-00002.parquet # 5×5: 220 unique problems
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├── model_outputs/ # Stage 1: Raw model responses and correct status
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│ ├── train-00000.parquet # 3×3: model inference on 220 Problem_IDs for 10 models
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│ ├── train-00001.parquet # 4×4: model inference on 220 Problem_IDs for 10 models
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│ └── train-00002.parquet # 5×5: model inference on 220 Problem_IDs for 10 models
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├── error_annotations/ # Stage 3: Forensic error labels (validated)
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│ ├── train-00000.parquet # 3×3: 335 failures classified
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│ ├── train-00001.parquet # 4×4: 879 failures classified
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│ └── train-00002.parquet # 5×5: 1,335 failures classified
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└── results/ # Aggregated summaries per size
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├── accuracy/ # Model accuracy by task/size
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├── error_tags/ # Error tag distribution per subcategory (10–14 tags by size)
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├── sign_subtypes/ # Sign error breakdown (8–9 subtypes by size)
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└── hallucination_subtypes/ # Hallucination breakdown (4–6 subtypes by size)
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```
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## Data Notes
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**Model naming convention :** Model names are inconsistent across splits. `model_outputs` and `results/accuracy` use long-form provider slugs (e.g. `google/gemma-3-12B-it`, `qwen/qwen-2.5-14b-instruct`), while `error_annotations` uses short-form names (e.g. `Gemma-3-12B`, `Qwen2.5-14B`). A direct join between the two on `(Problem_ID, Model)` will not match any model. Normalize names before joining. The mapping is:
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| `model_outputs` / `results` | `error_annotations` |
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|---|---|
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| `google/gemma-3-4b-it` | `Gemma-3-4B` |
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| `google/gemma-3-12B-it` | `Gemma-3-12B` |
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| `google/gemma-3-27b-it` | `Gemma-3-27B` |
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| `meta-llama/llama-3.1-8b-instruct` | `Llama-3.1-8B` |
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| `mistralai/ministral-8b-2512` | `Mistral-8B` |
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| `mistralai/ministral-14b-2512` | `Mistral-14B` |
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| `mistralai/mistral-small-24b-instruct-2501` | `Mistral-24B` |
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| `qwen/qwen-2.5-7b-instruct` | `Qwen2.5-7B` |
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| `qwen/qwen-2.5-14b-instruct` | `Qwen2.5-14B` |
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| `qwen/qwen-2.5-32b-instruct` | `Qwen2.5-32B` |
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## Usage Examples
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### Load with Hugging Face Datasets
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```python
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from datasets import load_dataset
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# Load full dataset
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ds = load_dataset("05deepak/demo")
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# Load specific splits
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benchmark = ds['benchmark'] # Problem definitions
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model_outputs = ds['model_outputs'] # Stage 1 responses
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errors = ds['error_annotations'] # Forensic labels
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results = ds['results'] # Aggregated summaries
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# Access a records
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record = model_outputs[0]
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print(f"Problem: {record['Problem_ID']}")
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print(f"Model: {record['Model']}")
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print(f"Task: {record['Subcat']}")
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print(f"Correct: {record['Correct']}")
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# Access an error annotation
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error = errors[0]
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print(f"Error tag: {error['Final_tags']}")
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print(f"Validated: {error['validated']}")
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```
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## Limitations
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1. **Domain-specific**: Linear algebra only. Generalization to other mathematical domains is out of scope for the present research.
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2. **Snapshot in time**: All inferences performed May 2026. Model updates or API changes after this date are not reflected.
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3. **Scale limit**: Maximum 5×5 matrices. Behaviour at larger scales is out of scope for the present research.
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## Ethical Considerations & Responsible Use
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### Recommended Use Cases
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✅ Research on symbolic reasoning in LLMs
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✅ Analyzing systematic error patterns and failure modes
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✅ Identifying mechanistic bottlenecks (working memory, strategy rigidity)
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✅ Developing better post-training curricula for mathematical reasoning
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### Caution / Not Recommended For
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❌ Definitive model ranking — single benchmark is insufficient for production decisions
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❌ Knowledge claims — this measures execution under specific conditions (T=0, no tools)
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❌ General reasoning ability assessment — linear algebra is narrow domain
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❌ Marketing claims — benchmark results are domain-specific diagnostics, not overall capability metrics
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### Known Biases
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- **Synthetic problems**: Small integer entries [-10, 10] may not reflect real-world distribution
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- **Format bias**: LaTeX consistently helps at recursive levels (model-specific)
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- **Training data**: Newer models (those with larger training corpora) may have seen more matrix problems
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## File Manifest
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| File | Rows | Columns | Purpose |
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|------|------|---------|---------|
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| benchmark/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 220 each | 5 | Unique problems per size (LaTeX) |
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| model_outputs/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 2,200 each | 20 | All model responses + metadata |
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| error_annotations/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 335/879/1,335 | 23 | Failures with forensic labels |
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| results/accuracy/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 10 rows each | 5 | Model accuracy per task |
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| results/error_tags/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 8/9/9 rows | 15/16/12 | Error tag distribution per subcategory |
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| results/sign_subtypes/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 5/7/6 rows | 10/10/11 | Sign error breakdown per subcategory |
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| results/hallucination_subtypes/train-000{00,01,02}.parquet | 3/8/7 rows | 6/8/8 | Hallucination breakdown per subcategory |
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@inproceedings{linalgbench2026,
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title={LinAlg-Bench: A Forensic Benchmark Revealing Structural Failure Modes in LLM Mathematical Reasoning},
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author={Anonymous},
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booktitle={Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) - Datasets and Benchmarks Track},
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year={2026}
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}
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```
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## License
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CC BY 4.0 — freely available for research and commercial use with attribution.
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## Acknowledgments
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- **Model API Access**: OpenAI, Google DeepMind, Mistral, Qwen, Meta
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- **SymPy Verification**: Symbolic mathematics backend for ground truth
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- **Annotation**: Three-stage automated pipeline (Gemini-3.1-Pro judge + meta-auditor)
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## Contact & Support
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**Issues/Questions**: Open issue on GitHub or discussion on HF Hub
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**Dataset Updates**: Check release notes for new versions, bug fixes, model additions
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**Cite This Work**: See citation section above
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---
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**Dataset Hub**: [05deepak/demo](https://huggingface.co/datasets/05deepak/demo)
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**Paper**: [NeurIPS 2026 Datasets & Benchmarks Track](https://neurips.cc)
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**Code & Reproduction**: [GitHub Repository](https://github.com/05deepak/LinAlg-Bench)
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