Add files using upload-large-folder tool

.cache/uv/archive-v0/B1KughA3sUutQPxXNCN4n/certifi/tests/test_certify.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import os
+import unittest
+
+import certifi
+
+
+class TestCertifi(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_cabundle_exists(self) -> None:
+        assert os.path.exists(certifi.where())
+
+    def test_read_contents(self) -> None:
+        content = certifi.contents()
+        assert "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----" in content
+
+    def test_py_typed_exists(self) -> None:
+        assert os.path.exists(
+            os.path.join(os.path.dirname(certifi.__file__), 'py.typed')
+        )

.cache/uv/archive-v0/BzSzHXZZWM1LPVXcPjaiI/yaml/_yaml.cpython-312-x86_64-linux-gnu.so

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+version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
+oid sha256:957a099a4521c1f7669306fb6f79ca63fa4b9a0b4c463f7cac833a65a5c5c0cb
+size 2679264

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+Metadata-Version: 2.4
+Name: fsspec
+Version: 2026.7.0
+Summary: File-system specification
+Project-URL: Changelog, https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/changelog.html
+Project-URL: Documentation, https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
+Project-URL: Homepage, https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec
+Maintainer-email: Martin Durant <mdurant@anaconda.com>
+License-Expression: BSD-3-Clause
+License-File: LICENSE
+Keywords: file
+Classifier: Development Status :: 4 - Beta
+Classifier: Intended Audience :: Developers
+Classifier: Operating System :: OS Independent
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13
+Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.14
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+Provides-Extra: git
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+Provides-Extra: github
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+Requires-Dist: urllib3; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: zarr<3.2.0; extra == 'test-full'
+Requires-Dist: zstandard; (python_version < '3.14') and extra == 'test-full'
+Provides-Extra: tqdm
+Requires-Dist: tqdm; extra == 'tqdm'
+Description-Content-Type: text/markdown
+
+# filesystem_spec
+
+[![PyPI version](https://badge.fury.io/py/fsspec.svg)](https://pypi.python.org/pypi/fsspec/)
+[![Anaconda-Server Badge](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/fsspec/badges/version.svg)](https://anaconda.org/conda-forge/fsspec)
+![Build](https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/workflows/CI/badge.svg)
+[![Docs](https://readthedocs.org/projects/filesystem-spec/badge/?version=latest)](https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+
+A specification for pythonic filesystems.
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+pip install fsspec
+```
+
+would install the base fsspec. Various optionally supported features might require specification of custom
+extra require, e.g. `pip install fsspec[ssh]` will install dependencies for `ssh` backends support.
+Use `pip install fsspec[full]` for installation of all known extra dependencies.
+
+Up-to-date package also provided through conda-forge distribution:
+
+```bash
+conda install -c conda-forge fsspec
+```
+
+
+## Purpose
+
+To produce a template or specification for a file-system interface, that specific implementations should follow,
+so that applications making use of them can rely on a common behaviour and not have to worry about the specific
+internal implementation decisions with any given backend. Many such implementations are included in this package,
+or in sister projects such as `s3fs` and `gcsfs`.
+
+In addition, if this is well-designed, then additional functionality, such as a key-value store or FUSE
+mounting of the file-system implementation may be available for all implementations "for free".
+
+## Documentation
+
+Please refer to [RTD](https://filesystem-spec.readthedocs.io/en/latest/?badge=latest)
+
+## Develop
+
+fsspec uses GitHub Actions for CI. Environment files can be found
+in the "ci/" directory. Note that the main environment is called "py38",
+but it is expected that the version of python installed be adjustable at
+CI runtime. For local use, pick a version suitable for you.
+
+```bash
+# For a new environment (mamba / conda).
+mamba create -n fsspec -c conda-forge  python=3.10 -y
+conda activate fsspec
+
+# Standard dev install with docs and tests.
+pip install -e ".[dev,doc,test]"
+
+# Full tests except for downstream
+pip install s3fs
+pip uninstall s3fs
+pip install -e .[dev,doc,test_full]
+pip install s3fs --no-deps
+pytest -v
+
+# Downstream tests.
+sh install_s3fs.sh
+# Windows powershell.
+install_s3fs.sh
+```
+
+### Testing
+
+Tests can be run in the dev environment, if activated, via ``pytest fsspec``.
+
+The full fsspec suite requires a system-level docker, docker-compose, and fuse
+installation. If only making changes to one backend implementation, it is
+not generally necessary to run all tests locally.
+
+It is expected that contributors ensure that any change to fsspec does not
+cause issues or regressions for either other fsspec-related packages such
+as gcsfs and s3fs, nor for downstream users of fsspec. The "downstream" CI
+run and corresponding environment file run a set of tests from the dask
+test suite, and very minimal tests against pandas and zarr from the
+test_downstream.py module in this repo.
+
+### Code Formatting
+
+fsspec uses [Black](https://black.readthedocs.io/en/stable) to ensure
+a consistent code format throughout the project.
+Run ``black fsspec`` from the root of the filesystem_spec repository to
+auto-format your code. Additionally, many editors have plugins that will apply
+``black`` as you edit files. ``black`` is included in the ``tox`` environments.
+
+Optionally, you may wish to setup [pre-commit hooks](https://pre-commit.com) to
+automatically run ``black`` when you make a git commit.
+Run ``pre-commit install --install-hooks`` from the root of the
+filesystem_spec repository to setup pre-commit hooks. ``black`` will now be run
+before you commit, reformatting any changed files. You can format without
+committing via ``pre-commit run`` or skip these checks with ``git commit
+--no-verify``.
+
+## Support
+
+Work on this repository is supported in part by:
+
+"Anaconda, Inc. - Advancing AI through open source."
+
+<a href="https://anaconda.com/"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b8555ef2222598ed37ce38ac86955febbd25de7619931bb7dd3c58432181d3b6/68747470733a2f2f626565776172652e6f72672f636f6d6d756e6974792f6d656d626572732f616e61636f6e64612f616e61636f6e64612d6c617267652e706e67" alt="anaconda logo" width="40%"/></a>

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+Tag: py3-none-any

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec-2026.7.0.dist-info/licenses/LICENSE

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+BSD 3-Clause License
+
+Copyright (c) 2018, Martin Durant
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+* Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+  list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+* Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+  this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+  and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+* Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+  contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+  this software without specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/archive.py

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import operator
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.utils import tokenize
+
+
+class AbstractArchiveFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """
+    A generic superclass for implementing Archive-based filesystems.
+
+    Currently, it is shared amongst
+    :class:`~fsspec.implementations.zip.ZipFileSystem`,
+    :class:`~fsspec.implementations.libarchive.LibArchiveFileSystem` and
+    :class:`~fsspec.implementations.tar.TarFileSystem`.
+    """
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"<Archive-like object {type(self).__name__} at {id(self)}>"
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def ukey(self, path):
+        return tokenize(path, self.fo, self.protocol)
+
+    def _all_dirnames(self, paths):
+        """Returns *all* directory names for each path in paths, including intermediate
+        ones.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        paths: Iterable of path strings
+        """
+        if len(paths) == 0:
+            return set()
+
+        dirnames = {self._parent(path) for path in paths} - {self.root_marker}
+        return dirnames | self._all_dirnames(dirnames)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self._get_dirs()
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if path in {"", "/"} and self.dir_cache:
+            return {"name": "", "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+        if path in self.dir_cache:
+            return self.dir_cache[path]
+        elif path + "/" in self.dir_cache:
+            return self.dir_cache[path + "/"]
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        self._get_dirs()
+        paths = {}
+        for p, f in self.dir_cache.items():
+            p = p.rstrip("/")
+            if "/" in p:
+                root = p.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            else:
+                root = ""
+            if root == path.rstrip("/"):
+                paths[p] = f
+            elif all(
+                (a == b)
+                for a, b in zip(path.split("/"), [""] + p.strip("/").split("/"))
+            ):
+                # root directory entry
+                ppath = p.rstrip("/").split("/", 1)[0]
+                if ppath not in paths:
+                    out = {"name": ppath, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+                    paths[ppath] = out
+        if detail:
+            out = sorted(paths.values(), key=operator.itemgetter("name"))
+            return out
+        else:
+            return sorted(paths)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import configparser
+import json
+import os
+import warnings
+from typing import Any
+
+conf: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] = {}
+default_conf_dir = os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".config/fsspec")
+conf_dir = os.environ.get("FSSPEC_CONFIG_DIR", default_conf_dir)
+
+
+def set_conf_env(conf_dict, envdict=os.environ):
+    """Set config values from environment variables
+
+    Looks for variables of the form ``FSSPEC_<protocol>`` and
+    ``FSSPEC_<protocol>_<kwarg>``. For ``FSSPEC_<protocol>`` the value is parsed
+    as a json dictionary and used to ``update`` the config of the
+    corresponding protocol. For ``FSSPEC_<protocol>_<kwarg>`` there is no
+    attempt to convert the string value, but the kwarg keys will be lower-cased.
+
+    The ``FSSPEC_<protocol>_<kwarg>`` variables are applied after the
+    ``FSSPEC_<protocol>`` ones.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    conf_dict : dict(str, dict)
+        This dict will be mutated
+    envdict : dict-like(str, str)
+        Source for the values - usually the real environment
+    """
+    envdict = dict(envdict)
+    kwarg_keys = []
+    for key in envdict:
+        if key.startswith("FSSPEC_") and len(key) > 7 and key[7] != "_":
+            try:
+                value = json.loads(envdict[key])
+                envdict[key] = value
+            except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:
+                value = envdict[key]
+            if key.count("_") > 1:
+                kwarg_keys.append(key)
+                continue
+            else:
+                if isinstance(value, dict):
+                    _, proto = key.split("_", 1)
+                    conf_dict.setdefault(proto.lower(), {}).update(value)
+                else:
+                    warnings.warn(
+                        f"Ignoring environment variable {key} due to not being a dict:"
+                        f" {type(value)}"
+                    )
+        elif key.startswith("FSSPEC"):
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Ignoring environment variable {key} due to having an unexpected name"
+            )
+
+    for key in kwarg_keys:
+        _, proto, kwarg = key.split("_", 2)
+        conf_dict.setdefault(proto.lower(), {})[kwarg.lower()] = envdict[key]
+
+
+def set_conf_files(cdir, conf_dict):
+    """Set config values from files
+
+    Scans for INI and JSON files in the given dictionary, and uses their
+    contents to set the config. In case of repeated values, later values
+    win.
+
+    In the case of INI files, all values are strings, and these will not
+    be converted.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cdir : str
+        Directory to search
+    conf_dict : dict(str, dict)
+        This dict will be mutated
+    """
+    if not os.path.isdir(cdir):
+        return
+    allfiles = sorted(os.listdir(cdir))
+    for fn in allfiles:
+        if fn.endswith(".ini"):
+            ini = configparser.ConfigParser()
+            ini.read(os.path.join(cdir, fn))
+            for key in ini:
+                if key == "DEFAULT":
+                    continue
+                conf_dict.setdefault(key, {}).update(dict(ini[key]))
+        if fn.endswith(".json"):
+            with open(os.path.join(cdir, fn)) as f:
+                js = json.load(f)
+            for key in js:
+                conf_dict.setdefault(key, {}).update(dict(js[key]))
+
+
+def apply_config(cls, kwargs, conf_dict=None):
+    """Supply default values for kwargs when instantiating class
+
+    Augments the passed kwargs, by finding entries in the config dict
+    which match the classes ``.protocol`` attribute (one or more str)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    cls : file system implementation
+    kwargs : dict
+    conf_dict : dict of dict
+        Typically this is the global configuration
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict : the modified set of kwargs
+    """
+    if conf_dict is None:
+        conf_dict = conf
+    protos = cls.protocol if isinstance(cls.protocol, (tuple, list)) else [cls.protocol]
+    kw = {}
+    for proto in protos:
+        # default kwargs from the current state of the config
+        if proto in conf_dict:
+            kw.update(conf_dict[proto])
+    # explicit kwargs always win
+    kw.update(**kwargs)
+    kwargs = kw
+    return kwargs
+
+
+set_conf_files(conf_dir, conf)
+set_conf_env(conf)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+import os
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import time
+from collections import deque
+from collections.abc import Generator, Sequence
+
+import pytest
+
+import fsspec
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def m():
+    """
+    Fixture providing a memory filesystem.
+    """
+    m = fsspec.filesystem("memory")
+    m.store.clear()
+    m.pseudo_dirs.clear()
+    m.pseudo_dirs.append("")
+    try:
+        yield m
+    finally:
+        m.store.clear()
+        m.pseudo_dirs.clear()
+        m.pseudo_dirs.append("")
+
+
+class InstanceCacheInspector:
+    """
+    Helper class to inspect instance caches of filesystem classes in tests.
+    """
+
+    def clear(self) -> None:
+        """
+        Clear instance caches of all currently imported filesystem classes.
+        """
+        classes = deque([fsspec.spec.AbstractFileSystem])
+        while classes:
+            cls = classes.popleft()
+            cls.clear_instance_cache()
+            classes.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
+
+    def gather_counts(self, *, omit_zero: bool = True) -> dict[str, int]:
+        """
+        Gather counts of filesystem instances in the instance caches
+        of all currently imported filesystem classes.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        omit_zero:
+            Whether to omit instance types with no cached instances.
+        """
+        out: dict[str, int] = {}
+        classes = deque([fsspec.spec.AbstractFileSystem])
+        while classes:
+            cls = classes.popleft()
+            count = len(cls._cache)  # there is no public interface for the cache
+            # note: skip intermediate AbstractFileSystem subclasses
+            #   if they proxy the protocol attribute via a property.
+            if isinstance(cls.protocol, (Sequence, str)):
+                key = cls.protocol if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol[0]
+                if count or not omit_zero:
+                    out[key] = count
+            classes.extend(cls.__subclasses__())
+        return out
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
+def instance_caches() -> Generator[InstanceCacheInspector, None, None]:
+    """
+    Fixture to ensure empty filesystem instance caches before and after a test.
+
+    Used by default for all tests.
+    Clears caches of all imported filesystem classes.
+    Can be used to write test assertions about instance caches.
+
+    Usage:
+
+        def test_something(instance_caches):
+            # Test code here
+            fsspec.open("file://abc")
+            fsspec.open("memory://foo/bar")
+
+            # Test assertion
+            assert instance_caches.gather_counts() == {"file": 1, "memory": 1}
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    instance_caches: An instance cache inspector for clearing and inspecting caches.
+    """
+    ic = InstanceCacheInspector()
+
+    ic.clear()
+    try:
+        yield ic
+    finally:
+        ic.clear()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+def ftp_writable(tmpdir):
+    """
+    Fixture providing a writable FTP filesystem.
+    """
+    pytest.importorskip("pyftpdlib")
+
+    d = str(tmpdir)
+    with open(os.path.join(d, "out"), "wb") as f:
+        f.write(b"hello" * 10000)
+    P = subprocess.Popen(
+        [sys.executable, "-m", "pyftpdlib", "-d", d, "-u", "user", "-P", "pass", "-w"]
+    )
+    try:
+        time.sleep(1)
+        yield "localhost", 2121, "user", "pass"
+    finally:
+        P.terminate()
+        P.wait()
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)
+        except Exception:
+            pass

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/dircache.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import time
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+
+class DirCache(MutableMapping):
+    """
+    Caching of directory listings, in a structure like::
+
+        {"path0": [
+            {"name": "path0/file0",
+             "size": 123,
+             "type": "file",
+             ...
+            },
+            {"name": "path0/file1",
+            },
+            ...
+            ],
+         "path1": [...]
+        }
+
+    Parameters to this class control listing expiry or indeed turn
+    caching off
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        use_listings_cache=True,
+        listings_expiry_time=None,
+        max_paths=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        use_listings_cache: bool
+            If False, this cache never returns items, but always reports KeyError,
+            and setting items has no effect
+        listings_expiry_time: int or float (optional)
+            Time in seconds that a listing is considered valid. If None,
+            listings do not expire.
+        max_paths: int (optional)
+            The number of most recent listings that are considered valid; 'recent'
+            refers to when the entry was set.
+        """
+        self._cache = {}
+        self._times = {}
+        if max_paths:
+            self._q = lru_cache(max_paths + 1)(lambda key: self._cache.pop(key, None))
+        self.use_listings_cache = use_listings_cache
+        self.listings_expiry_time = listings_expiry_time
+        self.max_paths = max_paths
+
+    def __getitem__(self, item):
+        if self.listings_expiry_time is not None:
+            if self._times.get(item, 0) - time.time() < -self.listings_expiry_time:
+                del self._cache[item]
+        if self.max_paths:
+            self._q(item)
+        return self._cache[item]  # maybe raises KeyError
+
+    def clear(self):
+        self._cache.clear()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self._cache)
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        try:
+            self[item]
+            return True
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if not self.use_listings_cache:
+            return
+        if self.max_paths:
+            self._q(key)
+        self._cache[key] = value
+        if self.listings_expiry_time is not None:
+            self._times[key] = time.time()
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        del self._cache[key]
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        entries = list(self._cache)
+
+        return (k for k in entries if k in self)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return (
+            DirCache,
+            (self.use_listings_cache, self.listings_expiry_time, self.max_paths),
+        )

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/fuse.py

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+import argparse
+import logging
+import os
+import stat
+import threading
+import time
+from errno import EIO, ENOENT
+
+from fuse import FUSE, FuseOSError, LoggingMixIn, Operations
+
+from fsspec import __version__
+from fsspec.core import url_to_fs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.fuse")
+
+
+class FUSEr(Operations):
+    def __init__(self, fs, path, ready_file=False):
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.cache = {}
+        self.root = path.rstrip("/") + "/"
+        self.counter = 0
+        logger.info("Starting FUSE at %s", path)
+        self._ready_file = ready_file
+
+    def getattr(self, path, fh=None):
+        logger.debug("getattr %s", path)
+        if self._ready_file and path in ["/.fuse_ready", ".fuse_ready"]:
+            return {"type": "file", "st_size": 5}
+
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")]).rstrip("/")
+        try:
+            info = self.fs.info(path)
+        except FileNotFoundError as exc:
+            raise FuseOSError(ENOENT) from exc
+
+        data = {"st_uid": info.get("uid", 1000), "st_gid": info.get("gid", 1000)}
+        perm = info.get("mode", 0o777)
+
+        if info["type"] != "file":
+            data["st_mode"] = stat.S_IFDIR | perm
+            data["st_size"] = 0
+            data["st_blksize"] = 0
+        else:
+            data["st_mode"] = stat.S_IFREG | perm
+            data["st_size"] = info["size"]
+            data["st_blksize"] = 5 * 2**20
+            data["st_nlink"] = 1
+        data["st_atime"] = info["atime"] if "atime" in info else time.time()
+        data["st_ctime"] = info["ctime"] if "ctime" in info else time.time()
+        data["st_mtime"] = info["mtime"] if "mtime" in info else time.time()
+        return data
+
+    def readdir(self, path, fh):
+        logger.debug("readdir %s", path)
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        files = self.fs.ls(path, False)
+        files = [os.path.basename(f.rstrip("/")) for f in files]
+        return [".", ".."] + files
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, mode):
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        self.fs.mkdir(path)
+        return 0
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        self.fs.rmdir(path)
+        return 0
+
+    def read(self, path, size, offset, fh):
+        logger.debug("read %s", (path, size, offset))
+        if self._ready_file and path in ["/.fuse_ready", ".fuse_ready"]:
+            # status indicator
+            return b"ready"
+
+        f = self.cache[fh]
+        f.seek(offset)
+        out = f.read(size)
+        return out
+
+    def write(self, path, data, offset, fh):
+        logger.debug("write %s", (path, offset))
+        f = self.cache[fh]
+        f.seek(offset)
+        f.write(data)
+        return len(data)
+
+    def create(self, path, flags, fi=None):
+        logger.debug("create %s", (path, flags))
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        self.fs.touch(fn)  # OS will want to get attributes immediately
+        f = self.fs.open(fn, "wb")
+        self.cache[self.counter] = f
+        self.counter += 1
+        return self.counter - 1
+
+    def open(self, path, flags):
+        logger.debug("open %s", (path, flags))
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        if flags % 2 == 0:
+            # read
+            mode = "rb"
+        else:
+            # write/create
+            mode = "wb"
+        self.cache[self.counter] = self.fs.open(fn, mode)
+        self.counter += 1
+        return self.counter - 1
+
+    def truncate(self, path, length, fh=None):
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        if length != 0:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        # maybe should be no-op since open with write sets size to zero anyway
+        self.fs.touch(fn)
+
+    def unlink(self, path):
+        fn = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+        try:
+            self.fs.rm(fn, False)
+        except (OSError, FileNotFoundError) as exc:
+            raise FuseOSError(EIO) from exc
+
+    def release(self, path, fh):
+        try:
+            if fh in self.cache:
+                f = self.cache[fh]
+                f.close()
+                self.cache.pop(fh)
+        except Exception as e:
+            print(e)
+        return 0
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mode):
+        if hasattr(self.fs, "chmod"):
+            path = "".join([self.root, path.lstrip("/")])
+            return self.fs.chmod(path, mode)
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def run(
+    fs,
+    path,
+    mount_point,
+    foreground=True,
+    threads=False,
+    ready_file=False,
+    ops_class=FUSEr,
+):
+    """Mount stuff in a local directory
+
+    This uses fusepy to make it appear as if a given path on an fsspec
+    instance is in fact resident within the local file-system.
+
+    This requires that fusepy by installed, and that FUSE be available on
+    the system (typically requiring a package to be installed with
+    apt, yum, brew, etc.).
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    fs: file-system instance
+        From one of the compatible implementations
+    path: str
+        Location on that file-system to regard as the root directory to
+        mount. Note that you typically should include the terminating "/"
+        character.
+    mount_point: str
+        An empty directory on the local file-system where the contents of
+        the remote path will appear.
+    foreground: bool
+        Whether or not calling this function will block. Operation will
+        typically be more stable if True.
+    threads: bool
+        Whether or not to create threads when responding to file operations
+        within the mounter directory. Operation will typically be more
+        stable if False.
+    ready_file: bool
+        Whether the FUSE process is ready. The ``.fuse_ready`` file will
+        exist in the ``mount_point`` directory if True. Debugging purpose.
+    ops_class: FUSEr or Subclass of FUSEr
+        To override the default behavior of FUSEr. For Example, logging
+        to file.
+
+    """
+    func = lambda: FUSE(
+        ops_class(fs, path, ready_file=ready_file),
+        mount_point,
+        nothreads=not threads,
+        foreground=foreground,
+    )
+    if not foreground:
+        th = threading.Thread(target=func)
+        th.daemon = True
+        th.start()
+        return th
+    else:  # pragma: no cover
+        try:
+            func()
+        except KeyboardInterrupt:
+            pass
+
+
+def main(args):
+    """Mount filesystem from chained URL to MOUNT_POINT.
+
+    Examples:
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse memory /usr/share /tmp/mem
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse local /tmp/source /tmp/local \\
+            -l /tmp/fsspecfuse.log
+
+    You can also mount chained-URLs and use special settings:
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse 'filecache::zip::file://data.zip' \\
+            / /tmp/zip \\
+            -o 'filecache-cache_storage=/tmp/simplecache'
+
+    You can specify the type of the setting by using `[int]` or `[bool]`,
+    (`true`, `yes`, `1` represents the Boolean value `True`):
+
+    python3 -m fsspec.fuse 'simplecache::ftp://ftp1.at.proftpd.org' \\
+            /historic/packages/RPMS /tmp/ftp \\
+            -o 'simplecache-cache_storage=/tmp/simplecache' \\
+            -o 'simplecache-check_files=false[bool]' \\
+            -o 'ftp-listings_expiry_time=60[int]' \\
+            -o 'ftp-username=anonymous' \\
+            -o 'ftp-password=xieyanbo'
+    """
+
+    class RawDescriptionArgumentParser(argparse.ArgumentParser):
+        def format_help(self):
+            usage = super().format_help()
+            parts = usage.split("\n\n")
+            parts[1] = self.description.rstrip()
+            return "\n\n".join(parts)
+
+    parser = RawDescriptionArgumentParser(prog="fsspec.fuse", description=main.__doc__)
+    parser.add_argument("--version", action="version", version=__version__)
+    parser.add_argument("url", type=str, help="fs url")
+    parser.add_argument("source_path", type=str, help="source directory in fs")
+    parser.add_argument("mount_point", type=str, help="local directory")
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-o",
+        "--option",
+        action="append",
+        help="Any options of protocol included in the chained URL",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-l", "--log-file", type=str, help="Logging FUSE debug info (Default: '')"
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-f",
+        "--foreground",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="Running in foreground or not (Default: False)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-t",
+        "--threads",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="Running with threads support (Default: False)",
+    )
+    parser.add_argument(
+        "-r",
+        "--ready-file",
+        action="store_false",
+        help="The `.fuse_ready` file will exist after FUSE is ready. "
+        "(Debugging purpose, Default: False)",
+    )
+    args = parser.parse_args(args)
+
+    kwargs = {}
+    for item in args.option or []:
+        key, sep, value = item.partition("=")
+        if not sep:
+            parser.error(message=f"Wrong option: {item!r}")
+        val = value.lower()
+        if val.endswith("[int]"):
+            value = int(value[: -len("[int]")])
+        elif val.endswith("[bool]"):
+            value = val[: -len("[bool]")] in ["1", "yes", "true"]
+
+        if "-" in key:
+            fs_name, setting_name = key.split("-", 1)
+            if fs_name in kwargs:
+                kwargs[fs_name][setting_name] = value
+            else:
+                kwargs[fs_name] = {setting_name: value}
+        else:
+            kwargs[key] = value
+
+    if args.log_file:
+        logging.basicConfig(
+            level=logging.DEBUG,
+            filename=args.log_file,
+            format="%(asctime)s %(message)s",
+        )
+
+        class LoggingFUSEr(FUSEr, LoggingMixIn):
+            pass
+
+        fuser = LoggingFUSEr
+    else:
+        fuser = FUSEr
+
+    fs, url_path = url_to_fs(args.url, **kwargs)
+    logger.debug("Mounting %s to %s", url_path, str(args.mount_point))
+    run(
+        fs,
+        args.source_path,
+        args.mount_point,
+        foreground=args.foreground,
+        threads=args.threads,
+        ready_file=args.ready_file,
+        ops_class=fuser,
+    )
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import sys
+
+    main(sys.argv[1:])

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/generic.py

@@ -0,0 +1,396 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import inspect
+import logging
+import os
+import shutil
+import uuid
+
+from .asyn import AsyncFileSystem, _run_coros_in_chunks, sync_wrapper
+from .callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from .core import filesystem, get_filesystem_class, split_protocol, url_to_fs
+
+_generic_fs = {}
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.generic")
+
+
+def set_generic_fs(protocol, **storage_options):
+    """Populate the dict used for method=="generic" lookups"""
+    _generic_fs[protocol] = filesystem(protocol, **storage_options)
+
+
+def _resolve_fs(url, method, protocol=None, storage_options=None):
+    """Pick instance of backend FS"""
+    url = url[0] if isinstance(url, (list, tuple)) else url
+    protocol = protocol or split_protocol(url)[0]
+    storage_options = storage_options or {}
+    if method == "default":
+        return filesystem(protocol)
+    if method == "generic":
+        return _generic_fs[protocol]
+    if method == "current":
+        cls = get_filesystem_class(protocol)
+        return cls.current()
+    if method == "options":
+        fs, _ = url_to_fs(url, **storage_options.get(protocol, {}))
+        return fs
+    raise ValueError(f"Unknown FS resolution method: {method}")
+
+
+def rsync(
+    source,
+    destination,
+    delete_missing=False,
+    source_field="size",
+    dest_field="size",
+    update_cond="different",
+    inst_kwargs=None,
+    fs=None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Sync files between two directory trees
+
+    (experimental)
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    source: str
+        Root of the directory tree to take files from. This must be a directory, but
+        do not include any terminating "/" character
+    destination: str
+        Root path to copy into. The contents of this location should be
+        identical to the contents of ``source`` when done. This will be made a
+        directory, and the terminal "/" should not be included.
+    delete_missing: bool
+        If there are paths in the destination that don't exist in the
+        source and this is True, delete them. Otherwise, leave them alone.
+    source_field: str | callable
+        If ``update_field`` is "different", this is the key in the info
+        of source files to consider for difference. Maybe a function of the
+        info dict.
+    dest_field: str | callable
+        If ``update_field`` is "different", this is the key in the info
+        of destination files to consider for difference. May be a function of
+        the info dict.
+    update_cond: "different"|"always"|"never"
+        If "always", every file is copied, regardless of whether it exists in
+        the destination. If "never", files that exist in the destination are
+        not copied again. If "different" (default), only copy if the info
+        fields given by ``source_field`` and ``dest_field`` (usually "size")
+        are different. Other comparisons may be added in the future.
+    inst_kwargs: dict|None
+        If ``fs`` is None, use this set of keyword arguments to make a
+        GenericFileSystem instance
+    fs: GenericFileSystem|None
+        Instance to use if explicitly given. The instance defines how to
+        to make downstream file system instances from paths.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    dict of the copy operations that were performed, {source: destination}
+    """
+    fs = fs or GenericFileSystem(**(inst_kwargs or {}))
+    source = fs._strip_protocol(source)
+    destination = fs._strip_protocol(destination)
+    allfiles = fs.find(source, withdirs=True, detail=True)
+    if not fs.isdir(source):
+        raise ValueError("Can only rsync on a directory")
+    otherfiles = fs.find(destination, withdirs=True, detail=True)
+    dirs = [
+        a
+        for a, v in allfiles.items()
+        if v["type"] == "directory" and a.replace(source, destination) not in otherfiles
+    ]
+    logger.debug(f"{len(dirs)} directories to create")
+    if dirs:
+        fs.make_many_dirs(
+            [dirn.replace(source, destination) for dirn in dirs], exist_ok=True
+        )
+    allfiles = {a: v for a, v in allfiles.items() if v["type"] == "file"}
+    logger.debug(f"{len(allfiles)} files to consider for copy")
+    to_delete = [
+        o
+        for o, v in otherfiles.items()
+        if o.replace(destination, source) not in allfiles and v["type"] == "file"
+    ]
+    for k, v in allfiles.copy().items():
+        otherfile = k.replace(source, destination)
+        if otherfile in otherfiles:
+            if update_cond == "always":
+                allfiles[k] = otherfile
+            elif update_cond == "never":
+                allfiles.pop(k)
+            elif update_cond == "different":
+                inf1 = source_field(v) if callable(source_field) else v[source_field]
+                v2 = otherfiles[otherfile]
+                inf2 = dest_field(v2) if callable(dest_field) else v2[dest_field]
+                if inf1 != inf2:
+                    # details mismatch, make copy
+                    allfiles[k] = otherfile
+                else:
+                    # details match, don't copy
+                    allfiles.pop(k)
+        else:
+            # file not in target yet
+            allfiles[k] = otherfile
+    logger.debug(f"{len(allfiles)} files to copy")
+    if allfiles:
+        source_files, target_files = zip(*allfiles.items())
+        fs.cp(source_files, target_files, **kwargs)
+    logger.debug(f"{len(to_delete)} files to delete")
+    if delete_missing and to_delete:
+        fs.rm(to_delete)
+    return allfiles
+
+
+class GenericFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """Wrapper over all other FS types
+
+    <experimental!>
+
+    This implementation is a single unified interface to be able to run FS operations
+    over generic URLs, and dispatch to the specific implementations using the URL
+    protocol prefix.
+
+    Note: instances of this FS are always async, even if you never use it with any async
+    backend.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "generic"  # there is no real reason to ever use a protocol with this FS
+
+    def __init__(self, default_method="default", storage_options=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        default_method: str (optional)
+            Defines how to configure backend FS instances. Options are:
+            - "default": instantiate like FSClass(), with no
+              extra arguments; this is the default instance of that FS, and can be
+              configured via the config system
+            - "generic": takes instances from the `_generic_fs` dict in this module,
+              which you must populate before use. Keys are by protocol
+            - "options": expects storage_options, a dict mapping protocol to
+              kwargs to use when constructing the filesystem
+            - "current": takes the most recently instantiated version of each FS
+        """
+        self.method = default_method
+        self.st_opts = storage_options
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def _parent(self, path):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        return fs.unstrip_protocol(fs._parent(path))
+
+    def _strip_protocol(self, path):
+        # normalization only
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        return fs.unstrip_protocol(fs._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    async def _find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            out = await fs._find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+            )
+        else:
+            out = fs.find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+            )
+        result = {}
+        for k, v in out.items():
+            v = v.copy()  # don't corrupt target FS dircache
+            name = fs.unstrip_protocol(k)
+            v["name"] = name
+            result[name] = v
+        if detail:
+            return result
+        return list(result)
+
+    async def _info(self, url, **kwargs):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            out = await fs._info(url, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            out = fs.info(url, **kwargs)
+        out = out.copy()  # don't edit originals
+        out["name"] = fs.unstrip_protocol(out["name"])
+        return out
+
+    async def _ls(
+        self,
+        url,
+        detail=True,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            out = await fs._ls(url, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            out = fs.ls(url, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        out = [o.copy() for o in out]  # don't edit originals
+        for o in out:
+            o["name"] = fs.unstrip_protocol(o["name"])
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    async def _cat_file(
+        self,
+        url,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            return await fs._cat_file(url, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return fs.cat_file(url, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _pipe_file(
+        self,
+        path,
+        value,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            return await fs._pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            return fs.pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _rm(self, url, **kwargs):
+        urls = url
+        if isinstance(urls, str):
+            urls = [urls]
+        fs = _resolve_fs(urls[0], self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            await fs._rm(urls, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            fs.rm(url, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        logger.debug("Make dir %s", path)
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            await fs._makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+        else:
+            fs.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def rsync(self, source, destination, **kwargs):
+        """Sync files between two directory trees
+
+        See `func:rsync` for more details.
+        """
+        rsync(source, destination, fs=self, **kwargs)
+
+    async def _cp_file(
+        self,
+        url,
+        url2,
+        blocksize=2**20,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        tempdir: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(url, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        fs2 = _resolve_fs(url2, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs is fs2:
+            # pure remote
+            if fs.async_impl:
+                return await fs._copy(url, url2, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                return fs.copy(url, url2, **kwargs)
+        await copy_file_op(fs, [url], fs2, [url2], tempdir, 1, on_error="raise")
+
+    async def _make_many_dirs(self, urls, exist_ok=True):
+        fs = _resolve_fs(urls[0], self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        if fs.async_impl:
+            coros = [fs._makedirs(u, exist_ok=exist_ok) for u in urls]
+            await _run_coros_in_chunks(coros)
+        else:
+            for u in urls:
+                fs.makedirs(u, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    make_many_dirs = sync_wrapper(_make_many_dirs)
+
+    async def _copy(
+        self,
+        path1: list[str],
+        path2: list[str],
+        recursive: bool = False,
+        on_error: str = "ignore",
+        maxdepth: int | None = None,
+        batch_size: int | None = None,
+        tempdir: str | None = None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        # TODO: special case for one FS being local, which can use get/put
+        # TODO: special case for one being memFS, which can use cat/pipe
+        if recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError("Please use fsspec.generic.rsync")
+        path1 = [path1] if isinstance(path1, str) else path1
+        path2 = [path2] if isinstance(path2, str) else path2
+
+        fs = _resolve_fs(path1, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+        fs2 = _resolve_fs(path2, self.method, storage_options=self.st_opts)
+
+        if fs is fs2:
+            if fs.async_impl:
+                return await fs._copy(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+            else:
+                return fs.copy(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+        await copy_file_op(
+            fs, path1, fs2, path2, tempdir, batch_size, on_error=on_error
+        )
+
+
+async def copy_file_op(
+    fs1, url1, fs2, url2, tempdir=None, batch_size=20, on_error="ignore"
+):
+    import tempfile
+
+    tempdir = tempdir or tempfile.mkdtemp()
+    try:
+        coros = [
+            _copy_file_op(
+                fs1,
+                u1,
+                fs2,
+                u2,
+                os.path.join(tempdir, uuid.uuid4().hex),
+            )
+            for u1, u2 in zip(url1, url2)
+        ]
+        out = await _run_coros_in_chunks(
+            coros, batch_size=batch_size, return_exceptions=True
+        )
+    finally:
+        shutil.rmtree(tempdir)
+    if on_error == "return":
+        return out
+    elif on_error == "raise":
+        for o in out:
+            if isinstance(o, Exception):
+                raise o
+
+
+async def _copy_file_op(fs1, url1, fs2, url2, local, on_error="ignore"):
+    if fs1.async_impl:
+        await fs1._get_file(url1, local)
+    else:
+        fs1.get_file(url1, local)
+    if fs2.async_impl:
+        await fs2._put_file(local, url2)
+    else:
+        fs2.put_file(local, url2)
+    os.unlink(local)
+    logger.debug("Copy %s -> %s; done", url1, url2)
+
+
+async def maybe_await(cor):
+    if inspect.iscoroutine(cor):
+        return await cor
+    else:
+        return cor

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/implementations/local.py

@@ -0,0 +1,517 @@
+import datetime
+import io
+import logging
+import os
+import os.path as osp
+import shutil
+import stat
+import tempfile
+from functools import lru_cache
+
+from fsspec import AbstractFileSystem
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.core import get_compression
+from fsspec.utils import isfilelike, stringify_path
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.local")
+
+
+class LocalFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Interface to files on local storage
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    auto_mkdir: bool
+        Whether, when opening a file, the directory containing it should
+        be created (if it doesn't already exist). This is assumed by pyarrow
+        code.
+    """
+
+    root_marker = "/"
+    protocol = "file", "local"
+    local_file = True
+
+    def __init__(self, auto_mkdir=False, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        return "local"
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError(path)
+        if create_parents:
+            self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            os.mkdir(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        os.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        os.rmdir(path)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        path_info = self.info(path)
+        infos = []
+        if path_info["type"] == "directory":
+            with os.scandir(path) as it:
+                for f in it:
+                    try:
+                        # Only get the info if requested since it is a bit expensive (the stat call inside)
+                        # The strip_protocol is also used in info() and calls make_path_posix to always return posix paths
+                        info = self.info(f) if detail else self._strip_protocol(f.path)
+                        infos.append(info)
+                    except FileNotFoundError:
+                        pass
+        else:
+            infos = [path_info] if detail else [path_info["name"]]
+
+        return infos
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, os.DirEntry):
+            # scandir DirEntry
+            out = path.stat(follow_symlinks=False)
+            link = path.is_symlink()
+            if path.is_dir(follow_symlinks=False):
+                t = "directory"
+            elif path.is_file(follow_symlinks=False):
+                t = "file"
+            else:
+                t = "other"
+
+            size = out.st_size
+            if link:
+                try:
+                    out2 = path.stat(follow_symlinks=True)
+                    size = out2.st_size
+                except OSError:
+                    size = 0
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path.path)
+        else:
+            # str or path-like
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+            out = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=False)
+            link = stat.S_ISLNK(out.st_mode)
+            if link:
+                out = os.stat(path, follow_symlinks=True)
+            size = out.st_size
+            if stat.S_ISDIR(out.st_mode):
+                t = "directory"
+            elif stat.S_ISREG(out.st_mode):
+                t = "file"
+            else:
+                t = "other"
+
+        # Check for the 'st_birthtime' attribute, which is not always present; fallback to st_ctime
+        created_time = getattr(out, "st_birthtime", out.st_ctime)
+
+        result = {
+            "name": path,
+            "size": size,
+            "type": t,
+            "created": created_time,
+            "islink": link,
+        }
+        for field in ["mode", "uid", "gid", "mtime", "ino", "nlink"]:
+            result[field] = getattr(out, f"st_{field}")
+        if link:
+            result["destination"] = os.readlink(path)
+        return result
+
+    def lexists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        return osp.lexists(path)
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+        if self.isfile(path1):
+            shutil.copyfile(path1, path2)
+        elif self.isdir(path1):
+            self.mkdirs(path2, exist_ok=True)
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path1)
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return os.path.isfile(path)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        return os.path.isdir(path)
+
+    def get_file(self, path1, path2, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        if isfilelike(path2):
+            with open(path1, "rb") as f:
+                shutil.copyfileobj(f, path2)
+        else:
+            return self.cp_file(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(self, path1, path2, callback=None, **kwargs):
+        return self.cp_file(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive: bool = True, **kwargs):
+        """Move files/directories
+        For the specific case of local, all ops on directories are recursive and
+        the recursive= kwarg is ignored.
+        """
+        path1 = self._strip_protocol(path1)
+        path2 = self._strip_protocol(path2)
+
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+
+        shutil.move(path1, path2)
+
+    def link(self, src, dst, **kwargs):
+        src = self._strip_protocol(src)
+        dst = self._strip_protocol(dst)
+        os.link(src, dst, **kwargs)
+
+    def symlink(self, src, dst, **kwargs):
+        src = self._strip_protocol(src)
+        dst = self._strip_protocol(dst)
+        os.symlink(src, dst, **kwargs)
+
+    def islink(self, path) -> bool:
+        return os.path.islink(self._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        os.remove(self._strip_protocol(path))
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        if not isinstance(path, list):
+            path = [path]
+
+        for p in path:
+            p = self._strip_protocol(p)
+            if self.isdir(p) and not self.islink(p):
+                if not recursive:
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot delete directory, set recursive=True")
+                if osp.abspath(p) == os.getcwd():
+                    raise ValueError("Cannot delete current working directory")
+                shutil.rmtree(p)
+            else:
+                os.remove(p)
+
+    def unstrip_protocol(self, name):
+        protocol = self.protocol if isinstance(self.protocol, str) else self.protocol[0]
+        name = self._strip_protocol(name)  # normalise for local/win/...
+        return f"{protocol}://{name}"
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.auto_mkdir and ("w" in mode or "x" in mode or "a" in mode):
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        return LocalFileOpener(path, mode, fs=self, **kwargs)
+
+    def touch(self, path, truncate=True, **kwargs):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        if self.exists(path):
+            os.utime(path, None)
+        else:
+            open(path, "a").close()
+        if truncate:
+            os.truncate(path, 0)
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        info = self.info(path=path)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
+            info["created"], tz=datetime.timezone.utc
+        )
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        info = self.info(path=path)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(info["mtime"], tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        path = cls._strip_protocol(path)
+        if os.sep == "/":
+            # posix native
+            return path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] or "/"
+        else:
+            # NT
+            path_ = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            if len(path_) <= 3:
+                if path_[1:2] == ":":
+                    # nt root (something like c:/)
+                    return path_[0] + ":/"
+            # More cases may be required here
+            return path_
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        protos = (cls.protocol,) if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol
+        prefixes = (protocol + sep for protocol in protos for sep in ("://", ":"))
+        for prefix in prefixes:
+            if path.startswith(prefix):
+                path = path.removeprefix(prefix)
+                break
+
+        path = make_path_posix(path)
+        if os.sep != "/":
+            # This code-path is a stripped down version of
+            # > drive, path = ntpath.splitdrive(path)
+            if path[1:2] == ":":
+                # Absolute drive-letter path, e.g. X:\Windows
+                # Relative path with drive, e.g. X:Windows
+                drive, path = path[:2], path[2:]
+            elif path[:2] == "//":
+                # UNC drives, e.g. \\server\share or \\?\UNC\server\share
+                # Device drives, e.g. \\.\device or \\?\device
+                if (index1 := path.find("/", 2)) == -1 or (
+                    index2 := path.find("/", index1 + 1)
+                ) == -1:
+                    drive, path = path, ""
+                else:
+                    drive, path = path[:index2], path[index2:]
+            else:
+                # Relative path, e.g. Windows
+                drive = ""
+
+            path = path.rstrip("/") or cls.root_marker
+            return drive + path
+
+        else:
+            return path.rstrip("/") or cls.root_marker
+
+    def _isfilestore(self):
+        # Inheriting from DaskFileSystem makes this False (S3, etc. were)
+        # the original motivation. But we are a posix-like file system.
+        # See https://github.com/dask/dask/issues/5526
+        return True
+
+    def chmod(self, path, mode):
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        return os.chmod(path, mode)
+
+
+def make_path_posix(path):
+    """Make path generic and absolute for current OS"""
+    if not isinstance(path, str):
+        if isinstance(path, (list, set, tuple)):
+            return type(path)(make_path_posix(p) for p in path)
+        else:
+            path = stringify_path(path)
+            if not isinstance(path, str):
+                raise TypeError(f"could not convert {path!r} to string")
+    if os.sep == "/":
+        # Native posix
+        if path.startswith("/"):
+            # most common fast case for posix
+            return path
+        elif path.startswith("~"):
+            return osp.expanduser(path)
+        elif path.startswith("./"):
+            path = path[2:]
+        elif path == ".":
+            path = ""
+        return f"{os.getcwd()}/{path}"
+    else:
+        # NT handling
+        if path[0:1] == "/" and path[2:3] == ":":
+            # path is like "/c:/local/path"
+            path = path[1:]
+        if path[1:2] == ":":
+            # windows full path like "C:\\local\\path"
+            if len(path) <= 3:
+                # nt root (something like c:/)
+                return path[0] + ":/"
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            return path
+        elif path[0:1] == "~":
+            return make_path_posix(osp.expanduser(path))
+        elif path.startswith(("\\\\", "//")):
+            # windows UNC/DFS-style paths
+            return "//" + path[2:].replace("\\", "/")
+        elif path.startswith(("\\", "/")):
+            # windows relative path with root
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            return f"{osp.splitdrive(os.getcwd())[0]}{path}"
+        else:
+            path = path.replace("\\", "/")
+            if path.startswith("./"):
+                path = path[2:]
+            elif path == ".":
+                path = ""
+            return f"{make_path_posix(os.getcwd())}/{path}"
+
+
+def trailing_sep(path):
+    """Return True if the path ends with a path separator.
+
+    A forward slash is always considered a path separator, even on Operating
+    Systems that normally use a backslash.
+    """
+    # TODO: if all incoming paths were posix-compliant then separator would
+    # always be a forward slash, simplifying this function.
+    # See https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/pull/1250
+    return path.endswith(os.sep) or (os.altsep is not None and path.endswith(os.altsep))
+
+
+@lru_cache(maxsize=1)
+def get_umask(mask: int = 0o666) -> int:
+    """Get the current umask.
+
+    Follows https://stackoverflow.com/a/44130549 to get the umask.
+    Temporarily sets the umask to the given value, and then resets it to the
+    original value.
+    """
+    value = os.umask(mask)
+    os.umask(value)
+    return value
+
+
+class LocalFileOpener(io.IOBase):
+    def __init__(
+        self, path, mode, autocommit=True, fs=None, compression=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        logger.debug("open file: %s", path)
+        self.path = path
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.f = None
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.compression = get_compression(path, compression)
+        self.blocksize = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE
+        self._open()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        if self.f is None or self.f.closed:
+            if self.autocommit or "w" not in self.mode:
+                self.f = open(self.path, mode=self.mode)
+                if self.compression:
+                    compress = compr[self.compression]
+                    self.f = compress(self.f, mode=self.mode)
+            else:
+                # TODO: check if path is writable?
+                i, name = tempfile.mkstemp()
+                os.close(i)  # we want normal open and normal buffered file
+                self.temp = name
+                self.f = open(name, mode=self.mode)
+            if "w" not in self.mode:
+                self.size = self.f.seek(0, 2)
+                self.f.seek(0)
+                self.f.size = self.size
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        # probably only used by cached FS
+        if "r" not in self.mode:
+            raise ValueError
+        self._open()
+        self.f.seek(start)
+        return self.f.read(end - start)
+
+    def __setstate__(self, state):
+        self.f = None
+        loc = state.pop("loc", None)
+        self.__dict__.update(state)
+        if "r" in state["mode"]:
+            self.f = None
+            self._open()
+            self.f.seek(loc)
+
+    def __getstate__(self):
+        d = self.__dict__.copy()
+        d.pop("f")
+        if "r" in self.mode:
+            d["loc"] = self.f.tell()
+        else:
+            if not self.f.closed:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot serialise open write-mode local file")
+        return d
+
+    def commit(self):
+        if self.autocommit:
+            raise RuntimeError("Can only commit if not already set to autocommit")
+        try:
+            shutil.move(self.temp, self.path)
+        except PermissionError as e:
+            # shutil.move raises PermissionError if os.rename
+            # and the default copy2 fallback with shutil.copystats fail.
+            # The file should be there nonetheless, but without copied permissions.
+            # If it doesn't exist, there was no permission to create the file.
+            if not os.path.exists(self.path):
+                raise e
+        else:
+            # If PermissionError is not raised, permissions can be set.
+            try:
+                mask = 0o666
+                os.chmod(self.path, mask & ~get_umask(mask))
+            except RuntimeError:
+                pass
+
+    def discard(self):
+        if self.autocommit:
+            raise RuntimeError("Cannot discard if set to autocommit")
+        os.remove(self.temp)
+
+    def readable(self) -> bool:
+        return True
+
+    def writable(self) -> bool:
+        return "r" not in self.mode
+
+    def read(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.read(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def write(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.write(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def tell(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.tell(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def seek(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.seek(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def seekable(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.seekable(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def readline(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.readline(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def readlines(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self.f.readlines(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def close(self):
+        return self.f.close()
+
+    def truncate(self, size=None) -> int:
+        return self.f.truncate(size)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        return self.f.closed
+
+    def fileno(self):
+        return self.raw.fileno()
+
+    def flush(self) -> None:
+        self.f.flush()
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.f.__iter__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.f, item)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._incontext = True
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.f.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/implementations/reference.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1339 @@
+import base64
+import collections
+import io
+import itertools
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+from functools import lru_cache
+from itertools import chain
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Literal
+
+import fsspec.core
+from fsspec.spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+
+try:
+    import ujson as json
+except ImportError:
+    if not TYPE_CHECKING:
+        import json
+
+from fsspec.asyn import AsyncFileSystem
+from fsspec.callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from fsspec.core import filesystem, open, split_protocol
+from fsspec.implementations.asyn_wrapper import AsyncFileSystemWrapper
+from fsspec.utils import (
+    isfilelike,
+    merge_offset_ranges,
+    other_paths,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.reference")
+
+
+class ReferenceNotReachable(RuntimeError):
+    def __init__(self, reference, target, *args):
+        super().__init__(*args)
+        self.reference = reference
+        self.target = target
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f'Reference "{self.reference}" failed to fetch target {self.target}'
+
+
+def _first(d):
+    return next(iter(d.values()))
+
+
+def _prot_in_references(path, references):
+    ref = references.get(path)
+    if isinstance(ref, (list, tuple)) and isinstance(ref[0], str):
+        return split_protocol(ref[0])[0] if ref[0] else ref[0]
+
+
+def _protocol_groups(paths, references):
+    if isinstance(paths, str):
+        return {_prot_in_references(paths, references): [paths]}
+    out = {}
+    for path in paths:
+        protocol = _prot_in_references(path, references)
+        out.setdefault(protocol, []).append(path)
+    return out
+
+
+class RefsValuesView(collections.abc.ValuesView):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        for val in self._mapping.zmetadata.values():
+            yield json.dumps(val).encode()
+        yield from self._mapping._items.values()
+        for field in self._mapping.listdir():
+            chunk_sizes = self._mapping._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+            if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+                yield self._mapping[field + "/0"]
+                continue
+            yield from self._mapping._generate_all_records(field)
+
+
+class RefsItemsView(collections.abc.ItemsView):
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return zip(self._mapping.keys(), self._mapping.values())
+
+
+def ravel_multi_index(idx, sizes):
+    val = 0
+    mult = 1
+    for i, s in zip(idx[::-1], sizes[::-1]):
+        val += i * mult
+        mult *= s
+    return val
+
+
+class LazyReferenceMapper(collections.abc.MutableMapping):
+    """This interface can be used to read/write references from Parquet stores.
+    It is not intended for other types of references.
+    It can be used with Kerchunk's MultiZarrToZarr method to combine
+    references into a parquet store.
+    Examples of this use-case can be found here:
+    https://fsspec.github.io/kerchunk/advanced.html?highlight=parquet#parquet-storage"""
+
+    # import is class level to prevent numpy dep requirement for fsspec
+    @property
+    def np(self):
+        import numpy as np
+
+        return np
+
+    @property
+    def pd(self):
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        return pd
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        root,
+        fs=None,
+        out_root=None,
+        cache_size=128,
+        categorical_threshold=10,
+        engine: Literal["fastparquet", "pyarrow"] = "fastparquet",
+    ):
+        """
+
+        This instance will be writable, storing changes in memory until full partitions
+        are accumulated or .flush() is called.
+
+        To create an empty lazy store, use .create()
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        root : str
+            Root of parquet store
+        fs : fsspec.AbstractFileSystem
+            fsspec filesystem object, default is local filesystem.
+        cache_size : int, default=128
+            Maximum size of LRU cache, where cache_size*record_size denotes
+            the total number of references that can be loaded in memory at once.
+        categorical_threshold : int
+            Encode urls as pandas.Categorical to reduce memory footprint if the ratio
+            of the number of unique urls to total number of refs for each variable
+            is greater than or equal to this number. (default 10)
+        engine: Literal["fastparquet","pyarrow"]
+            Engine choice for reading parquet files. (default is "fastparquet")
+        """
+
+        self.root = root
+        self.chunk_sizes = {}
+        self.cat_thresh = categorical_threshold
+        self.engine = engine
+        self.cache_size = cache_size
+        self.url = self.root + "/{field}/refs.{record}.parq"
+        # TODO: derive fs from `root`
+        self.fs = fsspec.filesystem("file") if fs is None else fs
+        self.out_root = self.fs.unstrip_protocol(out_root or self.root)
+
+        from importlib.util import find_spec
+
+        if self.engine == "pyarrow" and find_spec("pyarrow") is None:
+            raise ImportError("engine choice `pyarrow` is not installed.")
+
+        # Apply `lru_cache` decorator manually per instance.
+        # This way `self` reference is not held on class level.
+        # WARNING: However, this means that self and its members are not reflected
+        # in the cache key, so we expect they won't be mutated once a value is cached.
+        self.listdir = lru_cache()(self.listdir)
+        self._key_to_record = lru_cache(maxsize=4096)(self._key_to_record)
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        if item in ("_items", "record_size", "zmetadata"):
+            self.setup()
+            # avoid possible recursion if setup fails somehow
+            return self.__dict__[item]
+        raise AttributeError(item)
+
+    def setup(self):
+        self._items = {}
+        self._items[".zmetadata"] = self.fs.cat_file(
+            "/".join([self.root, ".zmetadata"])
+        )
+        met = json.loads(self._items[".zmetadata"])
+        self.record_size = met["record_size"]
+        self.zmetadata = met["metadata"]
+
+        # Define function to open and decompress refs
+        @lru_cache(maxsize=self.cache_size)
+        def open_refs(field, record):
+            """cached parquet file loader"""
+            path = self.url.format(field=field, record=record)
+            data = io.BytesIO(self.fs.cat_file(path))
+            try:
+                df = self.pd.read_parquet(data, engine=self.engine)
+                refs = {c: df[c].to_numpy(copy=True) for c in df.columns}
+            except OSError:
+                refs = None
+            return refs
+
+        self.open_refs = open_refs
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create(root, storage_options=None, fs=None, record_size=10000, **kwargs):
+        """Make empty parquet reference set
+
+        First deletes the contents of the given directory, if it exists.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        root: str
+            Directory to contain the output; will be created
+        storage_options: dict | None
+            For making the filesystem to use for writing is fs is None
+        fs: FileSystem | None
+            Filesystem for writing
+        record_size: int
+            Number of references per parquet file
+        kwargs: passed to __init__
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        LazyReferenceMapper instance
+        """
+        met = {"metadata": {}, "record_size": record_size}
+        if fs is None:
+            fs, root = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(root, **(storage_options or {}))
+        if fs.exists(root):
+            fs.rm(root, recursive=True)
+        fs.makedirs(root, exist_ok=True)
+        fs.pipe("/".join([root, ".zmetadata"]), json.dumps(met).encode())
+        return LazyReferenceMapper(root, fs, **kwargs)
+
+    def listdir(self):
+        """List top-level directories"""
+        dirs = (p.rsplit("/", 1)[0] for p in self.zmetadata if not p.startswith(".z"))
+        return set(dirs)
+
+    def ls(self, path="", detail=True):
+        """Shortcut file listings"""
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        pathdash = path + "/" if path else ""
+        dirnames = self.listdir()
+        dirs = [
+            d
+            for d in dirnames
+            if d.startswith(pathdash) and "/" not in d.lstrip(pathdash)
+        ]
+        if dirs:
+            others = {
+                f
+                for f in chain(
+                    [".zmetadata"],
+                    (name for name in self.zmetadata),
+                    (name for name in self._items),
+                )
+                if f.startswith(pathdash) and "/" not in f.lstrip(pathdash)
+            }
+            if detail is False:
+                others.update(dirs)
+                return sorted(others)
+            dirinfo = [{"name": name, "type": "directory", "size": 0} for name in dirs]
+            fileinfo = [
+                {
+                    "name": name,
+                    "type": "file",
+                    "size": len(
+                        json.dumps(self.zmetadata[name])
+                        if name in self.zmetadata
+                        else self._items[name]
+                    ),
+                }
+                for name in others
+            ]
+            return sorted(dirinfo + fileinfo, key=lambda s: s["name"])
+        field = path
+        others = set(
+            [name for name in self.zmetadata if name.startswith(f"{path}/")]
+            + [name for name in self._items if name.startswith(f"{path}/")]
+        )
+        fileinfo = [
+            {
+                "name": name,
+                "type": "file",
+                "size": len(
+                    json.dumps(self.zmetadata[name])
+                    if name in self.zmetadata
+                    else self._items[name]
+                ),
+            }
+            for name in others
+        ]
+        keys = self._keys_in_field(field)
+
+        if detail is False:
+            return list(others) + list(keys)
+        recs = self._generate_all_records(field)
+        recinfo = [
+            {"name": name, "type": "file", "size": rec[-1]}
+            for name, rec in zip(keys, recs)
+            if rec[0]  # filters out path==None, deleted/missing
+        ]
+        return fileinfo + recinfo
+
+    def _load_one_key(self, key):
+        """Get the reference for one key
+
+        Returns bytes, one-element list or three-element list.
+        """
+        if key in self._items:
+            return self._items[key]
+        elif key in self.zmetadata:
+            return json.dumps(self.zmetadata[key]).encode()
+        elif "/" not in key or self._is_meta(key):
+            raise KeyError(key)
+        field, _ = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+        record, ri, chunk_size = self._key_to_record(key)
+        maybe = self._items.get((field, record), {}).get(ri, False)
+        if maybe is None:
+            # explicitly deleted
+            raise KeyError
+        elif maybe:
+            return maybe
+        elif chunk_size == 0:
+            return b""
+
+        # Chunk keys can be loaded from row group and cached in LRU cache
+        try:
+            refs = self.open_refs(field, record)
+        except (ValueError, TypeError, FileNotFoundError) as exc:
+            raise KeyError(key) from exc
+        columns = ["path", "offset", "size", "raw"]
+        selection = [refs[c][ri] if c in refs else None for c in columns]
+        raw = selection[-1]
+        if raw is not None:
+            return raw
+        if selection[0] is None:
+            raise KeyError("This reference does not exist or has been deleted")
+        if selection[1:3] == [0, 0]:
+            # URL only
+            return selection[:1]
+        # URL, offset, size
+        return selection[:3]
+
+    def _key_to_record(self, key):
+        """Details needed to construct a reference for one key"""
+        field, chunk = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+        chunk_sizes = self._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+        if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+            return 0, 0, 0
+        chunk_idx = [int(c) for c in chunk.split(".")]
+        chunk_number = ravel_multi_index(chunk_idx, chunk_sizes)
+        record = chunk_number // self.record_size
+        ri = chunk_number % self.record_size
+        return record, ri, len(chunk_sizes)
+
+    def _get_chunk_sizes(self, field):
+        """The number of chunks along each axis for a given field"""
+        if field not in self.chunk_sizes:
+            zarray = self.zmetadata[f"{field}/.zarray"]
+            size_ratio = [
+                math.ceil(s / c) for s, c in zip(zarray["shape"], zarray["chunks"])
+            ]
+            self.chunk_sizes[field] = size_ratio or [1]
+        return self.chunk_sizes[field]
+
+    def _generate_record(self, field, record):
+        """The references for a given parquet file of a given field"""
+        refs = self.open_refs(field, record)
+        it = iter(zip(*refs.values()))
+        if len(refs) == 3:
+            # All urls
+            return (list(t) for t in it)
+        elif len(refs) == 1:
+            # All raws
+            return refs["raw"]
+        else:
+            # Mix of urls and raws
+            return (list(t[:3]) if not t[3] else t[3] for t in it)
+
+    def _generate_all_records(self, field):
+        """Load all the references within a field by iterating over the parquet files"""
+        nrec = 1
+        for ch in self._get_chunk_sizes(field):
+            nrec *= ch
+        nrec = math.ceil(nrec / self.record_size)
+        for record in range(nrec):
+            yield from self._generate_record(field, record)
+
+    def values(self):
+        return RefsValuesView(self)
+
+    def items(self):
+        return RefsItemsView(self)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return id(self)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return self._load_one_key(key)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if "/" in key and not self._is_meta(key):
+            field, chunk = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+            record, i, _ = self._key_to_record(key)
+            subdict = self._items.setdefault((field, record), {})
+            subdict[i] = value
+            if len(subdict) == self.record_size:
+                self.write(field, record)
+        else:
+            # metadata or top-level
+            if hasattr(value, "to_bytes"):
+                val = value.to_bytes().decode()
+            elif isinstance(value, bytes):
+                val = value.decode()
+            else:
+                val = value
+            self._items[key] = val
+            new_value = json.loads(val)
+            self.zmetadata[key] = {**self.zmetadata.get(key, {}), **new_value}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_meta(key):
+        return key.startswith(".z") or "/.z" in key
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        if key in self._items:
+            del self._items[key]
+        elif key in self.zmetadata:
+            del self.zmetadata[key]
+        else:
+            if "/" in key and not self._is_meta(key):
+                field, _ = key.rsplit("/", 1)
+                record, i, _ = self._key_to_record(key)
+                subdict = self._items.setdefault((field, record), {})
+                subdict[i] = None
+                if len(subdict) == self.record_size:
+                    self.write(field, record)
+            else:
+                # metadata or top-level
+                self._items[key] = None
+
+    def write(self, field, record, base_url=None, storage_options=None):
+        # extra requirements if writing
+        import kerchunk.df
+        import numpy as np
+        import pandas as pd
+
+        partition = self._items[(field, record)]
+        original = False
+        if len(partition) < self.record_size:
+            try:
+                original = self.open_refs(field, record)
+            except OSError:
+                pass
+
+        if original:
+            paths = original["path"]
+            offsets = original["offset"]
+            sizes = original["size"]
+            raws = original["raw"]
+        else:
+            paths = np.full(self.record_size, np.nan, dtype="O")
+            offsets = np.zeros(self.record_size, dtype="int64")
+            sizes = np.zeros(self.record_size, dtype="int64")
+            raws = np.full(self.record_size, np.nan, dtype="O")
+        for j, data in partition.items():
+            if isinstance(data, list):
+                if (
+                    str(paths.dtype) == "category"
+                    and data[0] not in paths.dtype.categories
+                ):
+                    paths = paths.add_categories(data[0])
+                paths[j] = data[0]
+                if len(data) > 1:
+                    offsets[j] = data[1]
+                    sizes[j] = data[2]
+            elif data is None:
+                # delete
+                paths[j] = None
+                offsets[j] = 0
+                sizes[j] = 0
+                raws[j] = None
+            else:
+                # this is the only call into kerchunk, could remove
+                raws[j] = kerchunk.df._proc_raw(data)
+        # TODO: only save needed columns
+        df = pd.DataFrame(
+            {
+                "path": paths,
+                "offset": offsets,
+                "size": sizes,
+                "raw": raws,
+            },
+            copy=False,
+        )
+        if df.path.count() / (df.path.nunique() or 1) > self.cat_thresh:
+            df["path"] = df["path"].astype("category")
+        object_encoding = {"raw": "bytes", "path": "utf8"}
+        has_nulls = ["path", "raw"]
+
+        fn = f"{base_url or self.out_root}/{field}/refs.{record}.parq"
+        self.fs.mkdirs(f"{base_url or self.out_root}/{field}", exist_ok=True)
+
+        if self.engine == "pyarrow":
+            df_backend_kwargs = {"write_statistics": False}
+        elif self.engine == "fastparquet":
+            df_backend_kwargs = {
+                "stats": False,
+                "object_encoding": object_encoding,
+                "has_nulls": has_nulls,
+            }
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"{self.engine} not supported")
+        df.to_parquet(
+            fn,
+            engine=self.engine,
+            storage_options=storage_options
+            or getattr(self.fs, "storage_options", None),
+            compression="zstd",
+            index=False,
+            **df_backend_kwargs,
+        )
+
+        partition.clear()
+        self._items.pop((field, record))
+
+    def flush(self, base_url=None, storage_options=None):
+        """Output any modified or deleted keys
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        base_url: str
+            Location of the output
+        """
+
+        # write what we have so far and clear sub chunks
+        for thing in list(self._items):
+            if isinstance(thing, tuple):
+                field, record = thing
+                self.write(
+                    field,
+                    record,
+                    base_url=base_url,
+                    storage_options=storage_options,
+                )
+
+        # gather .zmetadata from self._items and write that too
+        for k in list(self._items):
+            if k != ".zmetadata" and ".z" in k:
+                self.zmetadata[k] = json.loads(self._items.pop(k))
+        met = {"metadata": self.zmetadata, "record_size": self.record_size}
+        self._items.clear()
+        self._items[".zmetadata"] = json.dumps(met).encode()
+        self.fs.pipe(
+            "/".join([base_url or self.out_root, ".zmetadata"]),
+            self._items[".zmetadata"],
+        )
+
+        # TODO: only clear those that we wrote to?
+        self.open_refs.cache_clear()
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        # Caveat: This counts expected references, not actual - but is fast
+        count = 0
+        for field in self.listdir():
+            if field.startswith("."):
+                count += 1
+            else:
+                count += math.prod(self._get_chunk_sizes(field))
+        count += len(self.zmetadata)  # all metadata keys
+        # any other files not in reference partitions
+        count += sum(1 for _ in self._items if not isinstance(_, tuple))
+        return count
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        # Caveat: returns only existing keys, so the number of these does not
+        #  match len(self)
+        metas = set(self.zmetadata)
+        metas.update(self._items)
+        for bit in metas:
+            if isinstance(bit, str):
+                yield bit
+        for field in self.listdir():
+            for k in self._keys_in_field(field):
+                if k in self:
+                    yield k
+
+    def __contains__(self, item):
+        try:
+            self._load_one_key(item)
+            return True
+        except KeyError:
+            return False
+
+    def _keys_in_field(self, field):
+        """List key names in given field
+
+        Produces strings like "field/x.y" appropriate from the chunking of the array
+        """
+        chunk_sizes = self._get_chunk_sizes(field)
+        if len(chunk_sizes) == 0:
+            yield field + "/0"
+            return
+        inds = itertools.product(*(range(i) for i in chunk_sizes))
+        for ind in inds:
+            yield field + "/" + ".".join([str(c) for c in ind])
+
+
+class ReferenceFileSystem(AsyncFileSystem):
+    """View byte ranges of some other file as a file system
+    Initial version: single file system target, which must support
+    async, and must allow start and end args in _cat_file. Later versions
+    may allow multiple arbitrary URLs for the targets.
+    This FileSystem is read-only. It is designed to be used with async
+    targets (for now). We do not get original file details from the target FS.
+    Configuration is by passing a dict of references at init, or a URL to
+    a JSON file containing the same; this dict
+    can also contain concrete data for some set of paths.
+    Reference dict format:
+    {path0: bytes_data, path1: (target_url, offset, size)}
+    https://github.com/fsspec/kerchunk/blob/main/README.md
+
+    simple_references: if True (default), no jinja interpreting is done,
+        which is the safe option.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "reference"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo,
+        target=None,
+        ref_storage_args=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        remote_protocol=None,
+        remote_options=None,
+        fs=None,
+        template_overrides=None,
+        simple_templates=True,
+        max_gap=64_000,
+        max_block=256_000_000,
+        cache_size=128,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo : dict or str
+            The set of references to use for this instance, with a structure as above.
+            If str referencing a JSON file, will use fsspec.open, in conjunction
+            with target_options and target_protocol to open and parse JSON at this
+            location. If a directory, then assume references are a set of parquet
+            files to be loaded lazily.
+        target : str
+            For any references having target_url as None, this is the default file
+            target to use
+        ref_storage_args : dict
+            If references is a str, use these kwargs for loading the JSON file.
+            Deprecated: use target_options instead.
+        target_protocol : str
+            Used for loading the reference file, if it is a path. If None, protocol
+            will be derived from the given path
+        target_options : dict
+            Extra FS options for loading the reference file ``fo``, if given as a path
+        remote_protocol : str
+            The protocol of the filesystem on which the references will be evaluated
+            (unless fs is provided). If not given, will be derived from the first
+            URL that has a protocol in the templates or in the references, in that
+            order.
+        remote_options : dict
+            kwargs to go with remote_protocol
+        fs : AbstractFileSystem | dict(str, (AbstractFileSystem | dict))
+            Directly provide a file system(s):
+                - a single filesystem instance
+                - a dict of protocol:filesystem, where each value is either a filesystem
+                  instance, or a dict of kwargs that can be used to create in
+                  instance for the given protocol
+
+            If this is given, remote_options and remote_protocol are ignored.
+        template_overrides : dict
+            Swap out any templates in the references file with these - useful for
+            testing.
+        simple_templates: bool
+            Whether templates can be processed with simple replace (True) or if
+            jinja  is needed (False, much slower). All reference sets produced by
+            ``kerchunk`` are simple in this sense, but the spec allows for complex.
+        max_gap, max_block: int
+            For merging multiple concurrent requests to the same remote file.
+            Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when their
+            inter-range gap is <= ``max_gap``. Default is 64KB. Set to 0
+            to only merge when it requires no extra bytes. Pass a negative
+            number to disable merging, appropriate for local target files.
+            Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when the size of
+            the aggregated range is <= ``max_block``. Default is 256MB.
+        cache_size : int
+            Maximum size of LRU cache, where cache_size*record_size denotes
+            the total number of references that can be loaded in memory at once.
+            Only used for lazily loaded references.
+        kwargs : passed to parent class
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.target = target
+        self.template_overrides = template_overrides
+        self.simple_templates = simple_templates
+        self.templates = {}
+        self.fss = {}
+        self._dircache = {}
+        self.max_gap = max_gap
+        self.max_block = max_block
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            dic = dict(
+                **(ref_storage_args or target_options or {}), protocol=target_protocol
+            )
+            ref_fs, fo2 = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(fo, **dic)
+            if ".json" not in fo2 and (
+                fo.endswith(("parq", "parquet", "/")) or ref_fs.isdir(fo2)
+            ):
+                # Lazy parquet refs
+                logger.info("Open lazy reference dict from URL %s", fo)
+                self.references = LazyReferenceMapper(
+                    fo2,
+                    fs=ref_fs,
+                    cache_size=cache_size,
+                )
+            else:
+                # text JSON
+                with fsspec.open(fo, "rb", **dic) as f:
+                    logger.info("Read reference from URL %s", fo)
+                    text = json.load(f)
+                self._process_references(text, template_overrides)
+        else:
+            # dictionaries
+            self._process_references(fo, template_overrides)
+        if isinstance(fs, dict):
+            self.fss = {
+                k: (
+                    fsspec.filesystem(k.split(":", 1)[0], **opts)
+                    if isinstance(opts, dict)
+                    else opts
+                )
+                for k, opts in fs.items()
+            }
+            if None not in self.fss:
+                self.fss[None] = filesystem("file")
+            return
+        if fs is not None:
+            # single remote FS
+            remote_protocol = (
+                fs.protocol[0] if isinstance(fs.protocol, tuple) else fs.protocol
+            )
+            self.fss[remote_protocol] = fs
+
+        if remote_protocol is None:
+            # get single protocol from any templates
+            for ref in self.templates.values():
+                if callable(ref):
+                    ref = ref()
+                protocol, _ = fsspec.core.split_protocol(ref)
+                if protocol and protocol not in self.fss:
+                    fs = filesystem(protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+                    self.fss[protocol] = fs
+        if remote_protocol is None:
+            # get single protocol from references
+            # TODO: warning here, since this can be very expensive?
+            for ref in self.references.values():
+                if callable(ref):
+                    ref = ref()
+                if isinstance(ref, list) and ref[0]:
+                    protocol, _ = fsspec.core.split_protocol(ref[0])
+                    if protocol not in self.fss:
+                        fs = filesystem(protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+                        self.fss[protocol] = fs
+                        # only use first remote URL
+                        break
+
+        if remote_protocol and remote_protocol not in self.fss:
+            fs = filesystem(remote_protocol, **(remote_options or {}))
+            self.fss[remote_protocol] = fs
+
+        self.fss[None] = fs or filesystem("file")  # default one
+        # Wrap any non-async filesystems to ensure async methods are available below
+        for k, f in self.fss.items():
+            if not f.async_impl:
+                self.fss[k] = AsyncFileSystemWrapper(f, asynchronous=self.asynchronous)
+            elif self.asynchronous ^ f.asynchronous:
+                raise ValueError(
+                    "Reference-FS's target filesystem must have same value "
+                    "of asynchronous"
+                )
+
+    def _cat_common(self, path, start=None, end=None):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        logger.debug(f"cat: {path}")
+        try:
+            part = self.references[path]
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path) from exc
+        if isinstance(part, str):
+            part = part.encode()
+        if hasattr(part, "to_bytes"):
+            part = part.to_bytes()
+        if isinstance(part, bytes):
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path}, type bytes")
+            if part.startswith(b"base64:"):
+                part = base64.b64decode(part[7:])
+            return part, None, None
+
+        if len(part) == 1:
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path}, whole file => {part}")
+            url = part[0]
+            start1, end1 = start, end
+        else:
+            url, start0, size = part
+            logger.debug(f"Reference: {path} => {url}, offset {start0}, size {size}")
+            end0 = start0 + size
+
+            if start is not None:
+                if start >= 0:
+                    start1 = start0 + start
+                else:
+                    start1 = end0 + start
+            else:
+                start1 = start0
+            if end is not None:
+                if end >= 0:
+                    end1 = start0 + end
+                else:
+                    end1 = end0 + end
+            else:
+                end1 = end0
+        if url is None:
+            url = self.target
+        return url, start1, end1
+
+    async def _cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path, start=start, end=end)
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return part_or_url[start:end]
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        try:
+            return await self.fss[protocol]._cat_file(
+                part_or_url, start=start0, end=end0
+            )
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ReferenceNotReachable(path, part_or_url) from e
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path, start=start, end=end)
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return part_or_url[start:end]
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        try:
+            return self.fss[protocol].cat_file(part_or_url, start=start0, end=end0)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise ReferenceNotReachable(path, part_or_url) from e
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **_):
+        """Temporarily add binary data or reference as a file"""
+        self.references[path] = value
+
+    async def _get_file(self, rpath, lpath, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            return os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        data = await self._cat_file(rpath)
+        with open(lpath, "wb") as f:
+            f.write(data)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, **kwargs):
+        if self.isdir(rpath):
+            return os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+        data = self.cat_file(rpath, **kwargs)
+        callback.set_size(len(data))
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            lpath.write(data)
+        else:
+            with open(lpath, "wb") as f:
+                f.write(data)
+        callback.absolute_update(len(data))
+
+    def get(self, rpath, lpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        if recursive:
+            # trigger directory build
+            self.ls("")
+        rpath = self.expand_path(rpath, recursive=recursive)
+        fs = fsspec.filesystem("file", auto_mkdir=True)
+        targets = other_paths(rpath, lpath)
+        if recursive:
+            data = self.cat([r for r in rpath if not self.isdir(r)])
+        else:
+            data = self.cat(rpath)
+        for remote, local in zip(rpath, targets):
+            if remote in data:
+                fs.pipe_file(local, data[remote])
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        if isinstance(path, str) and recursive:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if isinstance(path, list) and (recursive or any("*" in p for p in path)):
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        # TODO: if references is lazy, pre-fetch all paths in batch before access
+        proto_dict = _protocol_groups(path, self.references)
+        out = {}
+        for proto, paths in proto_dict.items():
+            fs = self.fss[proto]
+            urls, starts, ends, valid_paths = [], [], [], []
+            for p in paths:
+                # find references or label not-found. Early exit if any not
+                # found and on_error is "raise"
+                try:
+                    u, s, e = self._cat_common(p)
+                    if not isinstance(u, (bytes, str)):
+                        # nan/None from parquet
+                        continue
+                except FileNotFoundError as err:
+                    if on_error == "raise":
+                        raise
+                    if on_error != "omit":
+                        out[p] = err
+                else:
+                    urls.append(u)
+                    starts.append(s)
+                    ends.append(e)
+                    valid_paths.append(p)
+
+            # process references into form for merging
+            urls2 = []
+            starts2 = []
+            ends2 = []
+            paths2 = []
+            whole_files = set()
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                if isinstance(u, bytes):
+                    # data
+                    out[p] = u
+                elif s is None:
+                    # whole file - limits are None, None, but no further
+                    # entries take for this file
+                    whole_files.add(u)
+                    urls2.append(u)
+                    starts2.append(s)
+                    ends2.append(e)
+                    paths2.append(p)
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                # second run to account for files that are to be loaded whole
+                if s is not None and u not in whole_files:
+                    urls2.append(u)
+                    starts2.append(s)
+                    ends2.append(e)
+                    paths2.append(p)
+
+            # merge and fetch consolidated ranges
+            new_paths, new_starts, new_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+                list(urls2),
+                list(starts2),
+                list(ends2),
+                sort=True,
+                max_gap=self.max_gap,
+                max_block=self.max_block,
+            )
+            bytes_out = fs.cat_ranges(new_paths, new_starts, new_ends)
+
+            # unbundle from merged bytes - simple approach
+            for u, s, e, p in zip(urls, starts, ends, valid_paths):
+                if p in out:
+                    continue  # was bytes, already handled
+                for np, ns, ne, b in zip(new_paths, new_starts, new_ends, bytes_out):
+                    if np == u and (ns is None or ne is None):
+                        if isinstance(b, Exception):
+                            out[p] = b
+                        else:
+                            out[p] = b[s:e]
+                    elif np == u and s >= ns and e <= ne:
+                        if isinstance(b, Exception):
+                            out[p] = b
+                        else:
+                            out[p] = b[s - ns : (e - ne) or None]
+
+        for k, v in out.copy().items():
+            # these were valid references, but fetch failed, so transform exc
+            if isinstance(v, Exception) and k in self.references:
+                ex = out[k]
+                new_ex = ReferenceNotReachable(k, self.references[k])
+                new_ex.__cause__ = ex
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise new_ex
+                elif on_error != "omit":
+                    out[k] = new_ex
+
+        if len(out) == 1 and isinstance(path, str) and "*" not in path:
+            return _first(out)
+        return out
+
+    def _process_references(self, references, template_overrides=None):
+        vers = references.get("version", None)
+        if vers is None:
+            self._process_references0(references)
+        elif vers == 1:
+            self._process_references1(references, template_overrides=template_overrides)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unknown reference spec version: {vers}")
+        # TODO: we make dircache by iterating over all entries, but for Spec >= 1,
+        #  can replace with programmatic. Is it even needed for mapper interface?
+
+    def _process_references0(self, references):
+        """Make reference dict for Spec Version 0"""
+        if isinstance(references, dict):
+            # do not do this for lazy/parquet backend, which will not make dicts,
+            # but must remain writable in the original object
+            references = {
+                key: json.dumps(val) if isinstance(val, dict) else val
+                for key, val in references.items()
+            }
+        self.references = references
+
+    def _process_references1(self, references, template_overrides=None):
+        if not self.simple_templates or self.templates:
+            import jinja2.sandbox
+        self.references = {}
+        self._process_templates(references.get("templates", {}))
+
+        @lru_cache(1000)
+        def _render_jinja(u):
+            return (
+                jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                .from_string(u)
+                .render(**self.templates)
+            )
+
+        for k, v in references.get("refs", {}).items():
+            if isinstance(v, str):
+                if v.startswith("base64:"):
+                    self.references[k] = base64.b64decode(v[7:])
+                self.references[k] = v
+            elif isinstance(v, dict):
+                self.references[k] = json.dumps(v)
+            elif self.templates:
+                u = v[0]
+                if "{{" in u:
+                    if self.simple_templates:
+                        u = (
+                            u.replace("{{", "{")
+                            .replace("}}", "}")
+                            .format(**self.templates)
+                        )
+                    else:
+                        u = _render_jinja(u)
+                self.references[k] = [u] if len(v) == 1 else [u, v[1], v[2]]
+            else:
+                self.references[k] = v
+        self.references.update(self._process_gen(references.get("gen", [])))
+
+    def _process_templates(self, tmp):
+        self.templates = {}
+        if self.template_overrides is not None:
+            tmp.update(self.template_overrides)
+        for k, v in tmp.items():
+            if "{{" in v:
+                import jinja2.sandbox
+
+                self.templates[k] = (
+                    lambda temp=v, **kwargs: jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                    .from_string(temp)
+                    .render(**kwargs)
+                )
+            else:
+                self.templates[k] = v
+
+    def _process_gen(self, gens):
+        out = {}
+        if self.simple_templates:
+            return out
+        for gen in gens:
+            dimension = {
+                k: (
+                    v
+                    if isinstance(v, list)
+                    else range(v.get("start", 0), v["stop"], v.get("step", 1))
+                )
+                for k, v in gen["dimensions"].items()
+            }
+            products = (
+                dict(zip(dimension.keys(), values))
+                for values in itertools.product(*dimension.values())
+            )
+            for pr in products:
+                import jinja2.sandbox
+
+                key = (
+                    jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                    .from_string(gen["key"])
+                    .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                )
+                url = (
+                    jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                    .from_string(gen["url"])
+                    .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                )
+                if ("offset" in gen) and ("length" in gen):
+                    offset = int(
+                        jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                        .from_string(gen["offset"])
+                        .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                    )
+                    length = int(
+                        jinja2.sandbox.SandboxedEnvironment()
+                        .from_string(gen["length"])
+                        .render(**pr, **self.templates)
+                    )
+                    out[key] = [url, offset, length]
+                elif ("offset" in gen) ^ ("length" in gen):
+                    raise ValueError(
+                        "Both 'offset' and 'length' are required for a "
+                        "reference generator entry if either is provided."
+                    )
+                else:
+                    out[key] = [url]
+        return out
+
+    def _dircache_from_items(self):
+        self.dircache = {"": []}
+        it = self.references.items()
+        for path, part in it:
+            if isinstance(part, (bytes, str)) or hasattr(part, "to_bytes"):
+                size = len(part)
+            elif len(part) == 1:
+                size = None
+            else:
+                _, _, size = part
+            par = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0] if "/" in path else ""
+            par0 = par
+            subdirs = [par0]
+            while par0 and par0 not in self.dircache:
+                # collect parent directories
+                par0 = self._parent(par0)
+                subdirs.append(par0)
+
+            subdirs.reverse()
+            for parent, child in zip(subdirs, subdirs[1:]):
+                # register newly discovered directories
+                assert child not in self.dircache
+                assert parent in self.dircache
+                self.dircache[parent].append(
+                    {"name": child, "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+                )
+                self.dircache[child] = []
+
+            self.dircache[par].append({"name": path, "type": "file", "size": size})
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", block_size=None, cache_options=None, **kwargs):
+        part_or_url, start0, end0 = self._cat_common(path)
+        # This logic is kept outside `ReferenceFile` to avoid unnecessary redirection.
+        # That does mean `_cat_common` gets called twice if it eventually reaches `ReferenceFile`.
+        if isinstance(part_or_url, bytes):
+            return io.BytesIO(part_or_url[start0:end0])
+
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        if start0 is None and end0 is None:
+            return self.fss[protocol]._open(
+                part_or_url,
+                mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        return ReferenceFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        logger.debug("list %s", path)
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if isinstance(self.references, LazyReferenceMapper):
+            try:
+                return self.references.ls(path, detail)
+            except KeyError:
+                pass
+            raise FileNotFoundError(f"'{path}' is not a known key")
+        if not self.dircache:
+            self._dircache_from_items()
+        out = self._ls_from_cache(path)
+        if out is None:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        return [o["name"] for o in out]
+
+    def exists(self, path, **kwargs):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        return self.isdir(path) or self.isfile(path)
+
+    def isdir(self, path):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        if self.dircache:
+            return path in self.dircache
+        elif isinstance(self.references, LazyReferenceMapper):
+            return path in self.references.listdir()
+        else:
+            # this may be faster than building dircache for single calls, but
+            # by looping will be slow for many calls; could cache it?
+            return any(_.startswith(f"{path}/") for _ in self.references)
+
+    def isfile(self, path):  # overwrite auto-sync version
+        return path in self.references
+
+    async def _ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):  # calls fast sync code
+        return self.ls(path, detail, **kwargs)
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        if withdirs:
+            return super().find(
+                path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=detail, **kwargs
+            )
+        if path:
+            path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+            r = sorted(k for k in self.references if k.startswith(path))
+        else:
+            r = sorted(self.references)
+        if detail:
+            if not self.dircache:
+                self._dircache_from_items()
+            return {k: self._ls_from_cache(k)[0] for k in r}
+        else:
+            return r
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        out = self.references.get(path)
+        if out is not None:
+            if isinstance(out, (str, bytes)):
+                # decode base64 here
+                return {"name": path, "type": "file", "size": len(out)}
+            elif len(out) > 1:
+                return {"name": path, "type": "file", "size": out[2]}
+            else:
+                out0 = [{"name": path, "type": "file", "size": None}]
+        else:
+            out = self.ls(path, True)
+            out0 = [o for o in out if o["name"] == path]
+            if not out0:
+                return {"name": path, "type": "directory", "size": 0}
+        if out0[0]["size"] is None:
+            # if this is a whole remote file, update size using remote FS
+            prot, _ = split_protocol(self.references[path][0])
+            out0[0]["size"] = self.fss[prot].size(self.references[path][0])
+        return out0[0]
+
+    async def _info(self, path, **kwargs):  # calls fast sync code
+        return self.info(path)
+
+    async def _rm_file(self, path, **kwargs):
+        self.references.pop(
+            path, None
+        )  # ignores FileNotFound, just as well for directories
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    async def _pipe_file(self, path, data, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(path):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        # can be str or bytes
+        self.references[path] = data
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    async def _put_file(self, lpath, rpath, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        # puts binary
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(rpath):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        with open(lpath, "rb") as f:
+            self.references[rpath] = f.read()
+        self.dircache.clear()  # this is a bit heavy handed
+
+    def save_json(self, url, **storage_options):
+        """Write modified references into new location"""
+        out = {}
+        for k, v in self.references.items():
+            if isinstance(v, bytes):
+                try:
+                    out[k] = v.decode("ascii")
+                except UnicodeDecodeError:
+                    out[k] = (b"base64:" + base64.b64encode(v)).decode()
+            else:
+                out[k] = v
+        with fsspec.open(url, "wb", **storage_options) as f:
+            f.write(json.dumps({"version": 1, "refs": out}).encode())
+
+
+class ReferenceFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(
+            fs,
+            path,
+            mode=mode,
+            block_size=block_size,
+            autocommit=autocommit,
+            size=size,
+            cache_type=cache_type,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        part_or_url, self.start, self.end = self.fs._cat_common(self.path)
+        protocol, _ = split_protocol(part_or_url)
+        self.src_fs = self.fs.fss[protocol]
+        self.src_path = part_or_url
+        self._f = None
+
+    @property
+    def f(self):
+        if self._f is None or self._f.closed:
+            self._f = self.src_fs._open(
+                self.src_path,
+                mode=self.mode,
+                block_size=self.blocksize,
+                autocommit=self.autocommit,
+                cache_type="none",
+                **self.kwargs,
+            )
+        return self._f
+
+    def close(self):
+        if self._f is not None:
+            self._f.close()
+        return super().close()
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        start = start + self.start
+        end = min(end + self.start, self.end)
+        self.f.seek(start)
+        return self.f.read(end - start)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/implementations/smb.py

@@ -0,0 +1,416 @@
+"""
+This module contains SMBFileSystem class responsible for handling access to
+Windows Samba network shares by using package smbprotocol
+"""
+
+import datetime
+import re
+import uuid
+from stat import S_ISDIR, S_ISLNK
+
+import smbclient
+import smbprotocol.exceptions
+
+from .. import AbstractFileSystem
+from ..utils import infer_storage_options
+
+# ! pylint: disable=bad-continuation
+
+
+class SMBFileSystem(AbstractFileSystem):
+    """Allow reading and writing to Windows and Samba network shares.
+
+    When using `fsspec.open()` for getting a file-like object the URI
+    should be specified as this format:
+    ``smb://workgroup;user:password@server:port/share/folder/file.csv``.
+
+    Example::
+
+        >>> import fsspec
+        >>> with fsspec.open(
+        ...     'smb://myuser:mypassword@myserver.com/' 'share/folder/file.csv'
+        ... ) as smbfile:
+        ...     df = pd.read_csv(smbfile, sep='|', header=None)
+
+    Note that you need to pass in a valid hostname or IP address for the host
+    component of the URL. Do not use the Windows/NetBIOS machine name for the
+    host component.
+
+    The first component of the path in the URL points to the name of the shared
+    folder. Subsequent path components will point to the directory/folder/file.
+
+    The URL components ``workgroup`` , ``user``, ``password`` and ``port`` may be
+    optional.
+
+    .. note::
+
+        For working this source require `smbprotocol`_ to be installed, e.g.::
+
+            $ pip install smbprotocol
+            # or
+            # pip install smbprotocol[kerberos]
+
+    .. _smbprotocol: https://github.com/jborean93/smbprotocol#requirements
+
+    Note: if using this with the ``open`` or ``open_files``, with full URLs,
+    there is no way to tell if a path is relative, so all paths are assumed
+    to be absolute.
+    """
+
+    protocol = "smb"
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        host,
+        port=None,
+        username=None,
+        password=None,
+        timeout=60,
+        encrypt=None,
+        share_access=None,
+        register_session_retries=4,
+        register_session_retry_wait=1,
+        register_session_retry_factor=10,
+        auto_mkdir=False,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        You can use _get_kwargs_from_urls to get some kwargs from
+        a reasonable SMB url.
+
+        Authentication will be anonymous or integrated if username/password are not
+        given.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        host: str
+            The remote server name/ip to connect to
+        port: int or None
+            Port to connect with. Usually 445, sometimes 139.
+        username: str or None
+            Username to connect with. Required if Kerberos auth is not being used.
+        password: str or None
+            User's password on the server, if using username
+        timeout: int
+            Connection timeout in seconds
+        encrypt: bool
+            Whether to force encryption or not, once this has been set to True
+            the session cannot be changed back to False.
+        share_access: str or None
+            Specifies the default access applied to file open operations
+            performed with this file system object.
+            This affects whether other processes can concurrently open a handle
+            to the same file.
+
+            - None (the default): exclusively locks the file until closed.
+            - 'r': Allow other handles to be opened with read access.
+            - 'w': Allow other handles to be opened with write access.
+            - 'd': Allow other handles to be opened with delete access.
+        register_session_retries: int
+            Number of retries to register a session with the server. Retries are not performed
+            for authentication errors, as they are considered as invalid credentials and not network
+            issues. If set to negative value, no register attempts will be performed.
+        register_session_retry_wait: int
+            Time in seconds to wait between each retry. Number must be non-negative.
+        register_session_retry_factor: int
+            Base factor for the wait time between each retry. The wait time
+            is calculated using exponential function. For factor=1 all wait times
+            will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait`. For any number of retries,
+            the last wait time will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait` and for retries>1
+            the first wait time will be equal to `register_session_retry_wait / factor`.
+            Number must be equal to or greater than 1. Optimal factor is 10.
+        auto_mkdir: bool
+            Whether, when opening a file, the directory containing it should
+            be created (if it doesn't already exist). This is assumed by pyarrow
+            and zarr-python code.
+        """
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.username = username
+        self.password = password
+        self.timeout = timeout
+        self.encrypt = encrypt
+        self.temppath = kwargs.pop("temppath", "")
+        self.share_access = share_access
+        self.register_session_retries = register_session_retries
+        if register_session_retry_wait < 0:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "register_session_retry_wait must be a non-negative integer"
+            )
+        self.register_session_retry_wait = register_session_retry_wait
+        if register_session_retry_factor < 1:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "register_session_retry_factor must be a positive "
+                "integer equal to or greater than 1"
+            )
+        self.register_session_retry_factor = register_session_retry_factor
+        self.auto_mkdir = auto_mkdir
+        self._connect()
+
+    @property
+    def _port(self):
+        return 445 if self.port is None else self.port
+
+    def _connect(self):
+        import time
+
+        if self.register_session_retries <= -1:
+            return
+
+        retried_errors = []
+
+        wait_time = self.register_session_retry_wait
+        n_waits = (
+            self.register_session_retries - 1
+        )  # -1 = No wait time after the last retry
+        factor = self.register_session_retry_factor
+
+        # Generate wait times for each retry attempt.
+        # Wait times are calculated using exponential function. For factor=1 all wait times
+        # will be equal to `wait`. For any number of retries the last wait time will be
+        # equal to `wait` and for retries>2 the first wait time will be equal to `wait / factor`.
+        wait_times = iter(
+            factor ** (n / n_waits - 1) * wait_time for n in range(0, n_waits + 1)
+        )
+
+        for attempt in range(self.register_session_retries + 1):
+            try:
+                smbclient.register_session(
+                    self.host,
+                    username=self.username,
+                    password=self.password,
+                    port=self._port,
+                    encrypt=self.encrypt,
+                    connection_timeout=self.timeout,
+                )
+                return
+            except (
+                smbprotocol.exceptions.SMBAuthenticationError,
+                smbprotocol.exceptions.LogonFailure,
+            ):
+                # These exceptions should not be repeated, as they clearly indicate
+                # that the credentials are invalid and not a network issue.
+                raise
+            except ValueError as exc:
+                if re.findall(r"\[Errno -\d+]", str(exc)):
+                    # This exception is raised by the smbprotocol.transport:Tcp.connect
+                    # and originates from socket.gaierror (OSError). These exceptions might
+                    # be raised due to network instability. We will retry to connect.
+                    retried_errors.append(exc)
+                else:
+                    # All another ValueError exceptions should be raised, as they are not
+                    # related to network issues.
+                    raise
+            except Exception as exc:
+                # Save the exception and retry to connect. This except might be dropped
+                # in the future, once all exceptions suited for retry are identified.
+                retried_errors.append(exc)
+
+            if attempt < self.register_session_retries:
+                time.sleep(next(wait_times))
+
+        # Raise last exception to inform user about the connection issues.
+        # Note: Should we use ExceptionGroup to raise all exceptions?
+        raise retried_errors[-1]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        return infer_storage_options(path)["path"]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        # smb://workgroup;user:password@host:port/share/folder/file.csv
+        out = infer_storage_options(path)
+        out.pop("path", None)
+        out.pop("protocol", None)
+        return out
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        if create_parents:
+            smbclient.makedirs(wpath, exist_ok=False, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            smbclient.mkdir(wpath, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            smbclient.makedirs(wpath, exist_ok=exist_ok, port=self._port)
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            smbclient.rmdir(wpath, port=self._port)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        if S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode):
+            stype = "directory"
+        elif S_ISLNK(stats.st_mode):
+            stype = "link"
+        else:
+            stype = "file"
+        res = {
+            "name": path + "/" if stype == "directory" else path,
+            "size": stats.st_size,
+            "type": stype,
+            "uid": stats.st_uid,
+            "gid": stats.st_gid,
+            "time": stats.st_atime,
+            "mtime": stats.st_mtime,
+        }
+        return res
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_ctime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+        return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(stats.st_mtime, tz=datetime.timezone.utc)
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        unc = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        listed = smbclient.listdir(unc, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+        dirs = ["/".join([path.rstrip("/"), p]) for p in listed]
+        if detail:
+            dirs = [self.info(d) for d in dirs]
+        return dirs
+
+    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=-1,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        block_size: int or None
+            If 0, no buffering, 1, line buffering, >1, buffer that many bytes
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        By specifying 'share_access' in 'kwargs' it is possible to override the
+        default shared access setting applied in the constructor of this object.
+        """
+        if self.auto_mkdir and "w" in mode:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path), exist_ok=True)
+        bls = block_size if block_size is not None and block_size >= 0 else -1
+        wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+        share_access = kwargs.pop("share_access", self.share_access)
+        if "w" in mode and autocommit is False:
+            temp = _as_temp_path(self.host, path, self.temppath)
+            return SMBFileOpener(
+                wpath, temp, mode, port=self._port, block_size=bls, **kwargs
+            )
+        return smbclient.open_file(
+            wpath,
+            mode,
+            buffering=bls,
+            share_access=share_access,
+            port=self._port,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def copy(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Copy within two locations in the same filesystem"""
+        wpath1 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path1)
+        wpath2 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path2)
+        if self.auto_mkdir:
+            self.makedirs(self._parent(path2), exist_ok=True)
+        smbclient.copyfile(wpath1, wpath2, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        if _share_has_path(path):
+            wpath = _as_unc_path(self.host, path)
+            stats = smbclient.stat(wpath, port=self._port)
+            if S_ISDIR(stats.st_mode):
+                smbclient.rmdir(wpath, port=self._port)
+            else:
+                smbclient.remove(wpath, port=self._port)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=None, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        wpath1 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path1)
+        wpath2 = _as_unc_path(self.host, path2)
+        smbclient.rename(wpath1, wpath2, port=self._port, **kwargs)
+
+
+def _as_unc_path(host, path):
+    rpath = path.replace("/", "\\")
+    unc = f"\\\\{host}{rpath}"
+    return unc
+
+
+def _as_temp_path(host, path, temppath):
+    share = path.split("/")[1]
+    temp_file = f"/{share}{temppath}/{uuid.uuid4()}"
+    unc = _as_unc_path(host, temp_file)
+    return unc
+
+
+def _share_has_path(path):
+    parts = path.count("/")
+    if path.endswith("/"):
+        return parts > 2
+    return parts > 1
+
+
+class SMBFileOpener:
+    """writes to remote temporary file, move on commit"""
+
+    def __init__(self, path, temp, mode, port=445, block_size=-1, **kwargs):
+        self.path = path
+        self.temp = temp
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.block_size = block_size
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+        self.smbfile = None
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.port = port
+        self._open()
+
+    def _open(self):
+        if self.smbfile is None or self.smbfile.closed:
+            self.smbfile = smbclient.open_file(
+                self.temp,
+                self.mode,
+                port=self.port,
+                buffering=self.block_size,
+                **self.kwargs,
+            )
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """Move temp file to definitive on success."""
+        # TODO: use transaction support in SMB protocol
+        smbclient.replace(self.temp, self.path, port=self.port)
+
+    def discard(self):
+        """Remove the temp file on failure."""
+        smbclient.remove(self.temp, port=self.port)
+
+    def __fspath__(self):
+        return self.path
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self.smbfile.__iter__()
+
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return getattr(self.smbfile, item)
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self._incontext = True
+        return self.smbfile.__enter__()
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, traceback):
+        self._incontext = False
+        self.smbfile.__exit__(exc_type, exc_value, traceback)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/implementations/tar.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import logging
+import re
+import tarfile
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+from fsspec.compression import compr
+from fsspec.utils import infer_compression
+
+typemap = {b"0": "file", b"5": "directory"}
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("tar")
+
+
+class TarFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Compressed Tar archives as a file-system (read-only)
+
+    Supports the following formats:
+    tar.gz, tar.bz2, tar.xz
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "tar"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        index_store=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        target_protocol=None,
+        compression=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        target_options = target_options or {}
+
+        if isinstance(fo, str):
+            self.of = fsspec.open(fo, protocol=target_protocol, **target_options)
+            fo = self.of.open()  # keep the reference
+
+        # Try to infer compression.
+        if compression is None:
+            name = None
+
+            # Try different ways to get hold of the filename. `fo` might either
+            # be a `fsspec.LocalFileOpener`, an `io.BufferedReader` or an
+            # `fsspec.AbstractFileSystem` instance.
+            try:
+                # Amended io.BufferedReader or similar.
+                # This uses a "protocol extension" where original filenames are
+                # propagated to archive-like filesystems in order to let them
+                # infer the right compression appropriately.
+                if hasattr(fo, "original"):
+                    name = fo.original
+
+                # fsspec.LocalFileOpener
+                elif hasattr(fo, "path"):
+                    name = fo.path
+
+                # io.BufferedReader
+                elif hasattr(fo, "name"):
+                    name = fo.name
+
+                # fsspec.AbstractFileSystem
+                elif hasattr(fo, "info"):
+                    name = fo.info()["name"]
+
+            except Exception as ex:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"Unable to determine file name, not inferring compression: {ex}"
+                )
+
+            if name is not None:
+                compression = infer_compression(name)
+                logger.info(f"Inferred compression {compression} from file name {name}")
+
+        if compression is not None:
+            # TODO: tarfile already implements compression with modes like "'r:gz'",
+            #  but then would seek to offset in the file work?
+            fo = compr[compression](fo)
+
+        self._fo_ref = fo
+        self.fo = fo  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.tar = tarfile.TarFile(fileobj=self.fo)
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+        self.index_store = index_store
+        self.index = None
+        self._index()
+
+    def _index(self):
+        # TODO: load and set saved index, if exists
+        out = {}
+        for ti in self.tar:
+            info = ti.get_info()
+            info["type"] = typemap.get(info["type"], "file")
+            orig_name = info["name"].rstrip("/")
+            # Collapse duplicate slashes in the filesystem-facing name.
+            name = re.sub("/+", "/", orig_name)
+            info["name"] = name
+            out[name] = (info, ti.offset_data, orig_name)
+
+        self.index = out
+        # TODO: save index to self.index_store here, if set
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        if self.dir_cache is not None:
+            return
+
+        # This enables ls to get directories as children as well as files
+        self.dir_cache = {
+            dirname: {"name": dirname, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+            for dirname in self._all_dirnames(self.index)
+        }
+        self.dir_cache.update(
+            {info["name"]: info for info, _, _ in self.index.values()}
+        )
+
+    def _open(self, path, mode="rb", **kwargs):
+        if mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError("Read-only filesystem implementation")
+        # Accept paths containing the archive's duplicate slashes too.
+        path = re.sub("/+", "/", path)
+        details, _, orig_name = self.index[path]
+        if details["type"] != "file":
+            raise ValueError("Can only handle regular files")
+        return self.tar.extractfile(orig_name)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Commits any write changes to the file. Done on ``del`` too."""
+        self.tar.close()
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "tar"):
+            self.close()
+            del self.tar
+        if hasattr(self, "of") and hasattr(self.of, "__exit__"):
+            self.of.__exit__(None, None, None)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/implementations/zip.py

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+import os
+import zipfile
+
+import fsspec
+from fsspec.archive import AbstractArchiveFileSystem
+
+
+class ZipFileSystem(AbstractArchiveFileSystem):
+    """Read/Write contents of ZIP archive as a file-system
+
+    Keeps file object open while instance lives.
+
+    This class is pickleable, but not necessarily thread-safe
+    """
+
+    root_marker = ""
+    protocol = "zip"
+    cachable = False
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fo="",
+        mode="r",
+        target_protocol=None,
+        target_options=None,
+        compression=zipfile.ZIP_STORED,
+        allowZip64=True,
+        compresslevel=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fo: str or file-like
+            Contains ZIP, and must exist. If a str, will fetch file using
+            :meth:`~fsspec.open_files`, which must return one file exactly.
+        mode: str
+            Accept: "r", "w", "a"
+        target_protocol: str (optional)
+            If ``fo`` is a string, this value can be used to override the
+            FS protocol inferred from a URL
+        target_options: dict (optional)
+            Kwargs passed when instantiating the target FS, if ``fo`` is
+            a string.
+        compression, allowZip64, compresslevel: passed to ZipFile
+            Only relevant when creating a ZIP
+        """
+        super().__init__(self, **kwargs)
+        if mode not in set("rwa"):
+            raise ValueError(f"mode '{mode}' no understood")
+        self.mode = mode
+        if isinstance(fo, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            if mode == "a":
+                m = "r+b"
+            else:
+                m = mode + "b"
+            fo = fsspec.open(
+                fo, mode=m, protocol=target_protocol, **(target_options or {})
+            )
+        self.force_zip_64 = allowZip64
+        self.of = fo
+        self.fo = fo.__enter__()  # the whole instance is a context
+        self.zip = zipfile.ZipFile(
+            self.fo,
+            mode=mode,
+            compression=compression,
+            allowZip64=allowZip64,
+            compresslevel=compresslevel,
+        )
+        self.dir_cache = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        # zip file paths are always relative to the archive root
+        return super()._strip_protocol(path).lstrip("/")
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if hasattr(self, "zip"):
+            self.close()
+            del self.zip
+        if hasattr(self, "of") and hasattr(self.of, "__exit__"):
+            self.of.__exit__(None, None, None)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Commits any write changes to the file. Done on ``del`` too."""
+        self.zip.close()
+
+    def _get_dirs(self):
+        if self.dir_cache is None or self.mode in set("wa"):
+            # when writing, dir_cache is always in the ZipFile's attributes,
+            # not read from the file.
+            files = self.zip.infolist()
+            self.dir_cache = {
+                dirname.rstrip("/"): {
+                    "name": dirname.rstrip("/"),
+                    "size": 0,
+                    "type": "directory",
+                }
+                for dirname in self._all_dirnames(self.zip.namelist())
+            }
+            for z in files:
+                f = {s: getattr(z, s, None) for s in zipfile.ZipInfo.__slots__}
+                f.update(
+                    {
+                        "name": z.filename.rstrip("/"),
+                        "size": z.file_size,
+                        "type": ("directory" if z.is_dir() else "file"),
+                    }
+                )
+                self.dir_cache[f["name"]] = f
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, **kwargs):
+        # override upstream, because we know the exact file size in this case
+        self.zip.writestr(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "r" in mode and self.mode in set("wa"):
+            if self.exists(path):
+                raise OSError("ZipFS can only be open for reading or writing, not both")
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        if "r" in self.mode and "w" in mode:
+            raise OSError("ZipFS can only be open for reading or writing, not both")
+        out = self.zip.open(path, mode.strip("b"), force_zip64=self.force_zip_64)
+        if "r" in mode:
+            info = self.info(path)
+            out.size = info["size"]
+            out.name = info["name"]
+        return out
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        def to_parts(_path: str):
+            return list(filter(None, _path.replace("\\", "/").split("/")))
+
+        if not isinstance(path, str):
+            path = str(path)
+
+        # Remove the leading slash, as the zip file paths are always
+        # given without a leading slash
+        path = path.lstrip("/")
+        path_parts = to_parts(path)
+        path_depth = len(path_parts)
+
+        self._get_dirs()
+
+        result = {}
+        # To match posix find, if an exact file name is given, we should
+        # return only that file
+        if path in self.dir_cache and self.dir_cache[path]["type"] == "file":
+            result[path] = self.dir_cache[path]
+            return result if detail else [path]
+
+        for file_path, file_info in self.dir_cache.items():
+            if len(file_parts := to_parts(file_path)) < path_depth or any(
+                a != b for a, b in zip(path_parts, file_parts)
+            ):
+                # skip parent folders and mismatching paths
+                continue
+
+            if file_info["type"] == "directory":
+                if withdirs and file_path not in result:
+                    result[file_path.strip("/")] = file_info
+                continue
+
+            if file_path not in result:
+                result[file_path] = file_info if detail else None
+
+        if maxdepth:
+            result = {
+                k: v for k, v in result.items() if k.count("/") < maxdepth + path_depth
+            }
+        return result if detail else sorted(result)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/json.py

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import json
+from collections.abc import Callable, Mapping, Sequence
+from contextlib import suppress
+from pathlib import PurePath
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from .registry import _import_class, get_filesystem_class
+from .spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+
+class FilesystemJSONEncoder(json.JSONEncoder):
+    include_password: ClassVar[bool] = True
+
+    def default(self, o: Any) -> Any:
+        if isinstance(o, AbstractFileSystem):
+            return o.to_dict(include_password=self.include_password)
+        if isinstance(o, PurePath):
+            cls = type(o)
+            return {"cls": f"{cls.__module__}.{cls.__name__}", "str": str(o)}
+
+        return super().default(o)
+
+    def make_serializable(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Recursively converts an object so that it can be JSON serialized via
+        :func:`json.dumps` and :func:`json.dump`, without actually calling
+        said functions.
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, bool)):
+            return obj
+        if isinstance(obj, Mapping):
+            return {k: self.make_serializable(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
+        if isinstance(obj, Sequence):
+            return [self.make_serializable(v) for v in obj]
+
+        return self.default(obj)
+
+
+class FilesystemJSONDecoder(json.JSONDecoder):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        object_hook: Callable[[dict[str, Any]], Any] | None = None,
+        parse_float: Callable[[str], Any] | None = None,
+        parse_int: Callable[[str], Any] | None = None,
+        parse_constant: Callable[[str], Any] | None = None,
+        strict: bool = True,
+        object_pairs_hook: Callable[[list[tuple[str, Any]]], Any] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.original_object_hook = object_hook
+
+        super().__init__(
+            object_hook=self.custom_object_hook,
+            parse_float=parse_float,
+            parse_int=parse_int,
+            parse_constant=parse_constant,
+            strict=strict,
+            object_pairs_hook=object_pairs_hook,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def try_resolve_path_cls(cls, dct: dict[str, Any]):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            fqp = dct["cls"]
+
+            path_cls = _import_class(fqp)
+
+            if issubclass(path_cls, PurePath):
+                return path_cls
+
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def try_resolve_fs_cls(cls, dct: dict[str, Any]):
+        with suppress(Exception):
+            if "cls" in dct:
+                try:
+                    fs_cls = _import_class(dct["cls"])
+                    if issubclass(fs_cls, AbstractFileSystem):
+                        return fs_cls
+                except Exception:
+                    if "protocol" in dct:  # Fallback if cls cannot be imported
+                        return get_filesystem_class(dct["protocol"])
+
+                    raise
+
+        return None
+
+    def custom_object_hook(self, dct: dict[str, Any]):
+        if "cls" in dct:
+            if (obj_cls := self.try_resolve_fs_cls(dct)) is not None:
+                return AbstractFileSystem.from_dict(dct)
+            if (obj_cls := self.try_resolve_path_cls(dct)) is not None:
+                return obj_cls(dct["str"])
+
+        if self.original_object_hook is not None:
+            return self.original_object_hook(dct)
+
+        return dct
+
+    def unmake_serializable(self, obj: Any) -> Any:
+        """
+        Inverse function of :meth:`FilesystemJSONEncoder.make_serializable`.
+        """
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            obj = self.custom_object_hook(obj)
+        if isinstance(obj, dict):
+            return {k: self.unmake_serializable(v) for k, v in obj.items()}
+        if isinstance(obj, (list, tuple)):
+            return [self.unmake_serializable(v) for v in obj]
+
+        return obj

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/mapping.py

@@ -0,0 +1,251 @@
+import array
+import logging
+import posixpath
+import warnings
+from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from functools import cached_property
+
+from fsspec.core import url_to_fs
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec.mapping")
+
+
+class FSMap(MutableMapping):
+    """Wrap a FileSystem instance as a mutable wrapping.
+
+    The keys of the mapping become files under the given root, and the
+    values (which must be bytes) the contents of those files.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    root: string
+        prefix for all the files
+    fs: FileSystem instance
+    check: bool (=True)
+        performs a touch at the location, to check for write access.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> fs = FileSystem(**parameters)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> d = FSMap('my-data/path/', fs)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    or, more likely
+    >>> d = fs.get_mapper('my-data/path/')
+
+    >>> d['loc1'] = b'Hello World'  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> list(d.keys())  # doctest: +SKIP
+    ['loc1']
+    >>> d['loc1']  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Hello World'
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, root, fs, check=False, create=False, missing_exceptions=None):
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.root = fs._strip_protocol(root)
+        self._root_key_to_str = fs._strip_protocol(posixpath.join(root, "x"))[:-1]
+        if missing_exceptions is None:
+            missing_exceptions = (
+                FileNotFoundError,
+                IsADirectoryError,
+                NotADirectoryError,
+            )
+        self.missing_exceptions = missing_exceptions
+        self.check = check
+        self.create = create
+        if create:
+            if not self.fs.exists(root):
+                self.fs.mkdir(root)
+        if check:
+            if not self.fs.exists(root):
+                raise ValueError(
+                    f"Path {root} does not exist. Create "
+                    f" with the ``create=True`` keyword"
+                )
+            self.fs.touch(root + "/a")
+            self.fs.rm(root + "/a")
+
+    @cached_property
+    def dirfs(self):
+        """dirfs instance that can be used with the same keys as the mapper"""
+        from .implementations.dirfs import DirFileSystem
+
+        return DirFileSystem(path=self._root_key_to_str, fs=self.fs)
+
+    def clear(self):
+        """Remove all keys below root - empties out mapping"""
+        logger.info("Clear mapping at %s", self.root)
+        try:
+            self.fs.rm(self.root, True)
+            self.fs.mkdir(self.root)
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            pass
+
+    def getitems(self, keys, on_error="raise"):
+        """Fetch multiple items from the store
+
+        If the backend is async-able, this might proceed concurrently
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        keys: list(str)
+            They keys to be fetched
+        on_error : "raise", "omit", "return"
+            If raise, an underlying exception will be raised (converted to KeyError
+            if the type is in self.missing_exceptions); if omit, keys with exception
+            will simply not be included in the output; if "return", all keys are
+            included in the output, but the value will be bytes or an exception
+            instance.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict(key, bytes|exception)
+        """
+        keys2 = [self._key_to_str(k) for k in keys]
+        oe = on_error if on_error == "raise" else "return"
+        try:
+            out = self.fs.cat(keys2, on_error=oe)
+            if isinstance(out, bytes):
+                out = {keys2[0]: out}
+        except self.missing_exceptions as e:
+            raise KeyError from e
+        out = {
+            k: (KeyError() if isinstance(v, self.missing_exceptions) else v)
+            for k, v in out.items()
+        }
+        return {
+            key: out[k2] if on_error == "raise" else out.get(k2, KeyError(k2))
+            for key, k2 in zip(keys, keys2)
+            if on_error == "return" or not isinstance(out[k2], BaseException)
+        }
+
+    def setitems(self, values_dict):
+        """Set the values of multiple items in the store
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        values_dict: dict(str, bytes)
+        """
+        values = {self._key_to_str(k): maybe_convert(v) for k, v in values_dict.items()}
+        self.fs.pipe(values)
+
+    def delitems(self, keys):
+        """Remove multiple keys from the store"""
+        self.fs.rm([self._key_to_str(k) for k in keys])
+
+    def _key_to_str(self, key):
+        """Generate full path for the key"""
+        if not isinstance(key, str):
+            # raise TypeError("key must be of type `str`, got `{type(key).__name__}`"
+            warnings.warn(
+                "from fsspec 2023.5 onward FSMap non-str keys will raise TypeError",
+                DeprecationWarning,
+            )
+            if isinstance(key, list):
+                key = tuple(key)
+            key = str(key)
+        return f"{self._root_key_to_str}{key}".rstrip("/")
+
+    def _str_to_key(self, s):
+        """Strip path of to leave key name"""
+        return s[len(self.root) :].lstrip("/")
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key, default=None):
+        """Retrieve data"""
+        k = self._key_to_str(key)
+        try:
+            result = self.fs.cat(k)
+        except self.missing_exceptions as exc:
+            if default is not None:
+                return default
+            raise KeyError(key) from exc
+        return result
+
+    def pop(self, key, default=None):
+        """Pop data"""
+        result = self.__getitem__(key, default)
+        try:
+            del self[key]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        return result
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        """Store value in key"""
+        key = self._key_to_str(key)
+        self.fs.mkdirs(self.fs._parent(key), exist_ok=True)
+        self.fs.pipe_file(key, maybe_convert(value))
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return (self._str_to_key(x) for x in self.fs.find(self.root))
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        return len(self.fs.find(self.root))
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        """Remove key"""
+        try:
+            self.fs.rm(self._key_to_str(key))
+        except Exception as exc:
+            raise KeyError from exc
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        """Does key exist in mapping?"""
+        path = self._key_to_str(key)
+        return self.fs.isfile(path)
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return FSMap, (self.root, self.fs, False, False, self.missing_exceptions)
+
+
+def maybe_convert(value):
+    if isinstance(value, array.array) or hasattr(value, "__array__"):
+        # bytes-like things
+        if hasattr(value, "dtype") and value.dtype.kind in "Mm":
+            # The buffer interface doesn't support datetime64/timdelta64 numpy
+            # arrays
+            value = value.view("int64")
+        value = bytes(memoryview(value))
+    return value
+
+
+def get_mapper(
+    url="",
+    check=False,
+    create=False,
+    missing_exceptions=None,
+    alternate_root=None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """Create key-value interface for given URL and options
+
+    The URL will be of the form "protocol://location" and point to the root
+    of the mapper required. All keys will be file-names below this location,
+    and their values the contents of each key.
+
+    Also accepts compound URLs like zip::s3://bucket/file.zip , see ``fsspec.open``.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    url: str
+        Root URL of mapping
+    check: bool
+        Whether to attempt to read from the location before instantiation, to
+        check that the mapping does exist
+    create: bool
+        Whether to make the directory corresponding to the root before
+        instantiating
+    missing_exceptions: None or tuple
+        If given, these exception types will be regarded as missing keys and
+        return KeyError when trying to read data. By default, you get
+        (FileNotFoundError, IsADirectoryError, NotADirectoryError)
+    alternate_root: None or str
+        In cases of complex URLs, the parser may fail to pick the correct part
+        for the mapper root, so this arg can override
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    ``FSMap`` instance, the dict-like key-value store.
+    """
+    # Removing protocol here - could defer to each open() on the backend
+    fs, urlpath = url_to_fs(url, **kwargs)
+    root = alternate_root if alternate_root is not None else urlpath
+    return FSMap(root, fs, check, create, missing_exceptions=missing_exceptions)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/parquet.py

@@ -0,0 +1,572 @@
+import io
+import json
+import warnings
+
+import fsspec
+
+from .core import url_to_fs
+from .spec import AbstractBufferedFile
+from .utils import merge_offset_ranges
+
+# Parquet-Specific Utilities for fsspec
+#
+# Most of the functions defined in this module are NOT
+# intended for public consumption. The only exception
+# to this is `open_parquet_file`, which should be used
+# place of `fs.open()` to open parquet-formatted files
+# on remote file systems.
+
+
+class AlreadyBufferedFile(AbstractBufferedFile):
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
+def open_parquet_files(
+    path: list[str],
+    fs: None | fsspec.AbstractFileSystem = None,
+    metadata=None,
+    columns: None | list[str] = None,
+    row_groups: None | list[int] = None,
+    storage_options: None | dict = None,
+    engine: str = "auto",
+    max_gap: int = 64_000,
+    max_block: int = 256_000_000,
+    footer_sample_size: int = 1_000_000,
+    filters: None | list[list[list[str]]] = None,
+    **kwargs,
+):
+    """
+    Return a file-like object for a single Parquet file.
+
+    The specified parquet `engine` will be used to parse the
+    footer metadata, and determine the required byte ranges
+    from the file. The target path will then be opened with
+    the "parts" (`KnownPartsOfAFile`) caching strategy.
+
+    Note that this method is intended for usage with remote
+    file systems, and is unlikely to improve parquet-read
+    performance on local file systems.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    path: str
+        Target file path.
+    metadata: Any, optional
+        Parquet metadata object. Object type must be supported
+        by the backend parquet engine. For now, only the "fastparquet"
+        engine supports an explicit `ParquetFile` metadata object.
+        If a metadata object is supplied, the remote footer metadata
+        will not need to be transferred into local memory.
+    fs: AbstractFileSystem, optional
+        Filesystem object to use for opening the file. If nothing is
+        specified, an `AbstractFileSystem` object will be inferred.
+    engine : str, default "auto"
+        Parquet engine to use for metadata parsing. Allowed options
+        include "fastparquet", "pyarrow", and "auto". The specified
+        engine must be installed in the current environment. If
+        "auto" is specified, and both engines are installed,
+        "fastparquet" will take precedence over "pyarrow".
+    columns: list, optional
+        List of all column names that may be read from the file.
+    row_groups : list, optional
+        List of all row-groups that may be read from the file. This
+        may be a list of row-group indices (integers), or it may be
+        a list of `RowGroup` metadata objects (if the "fastparquet"
+        engine is used).
+    storage_options : dict, optional
+        Used to generate an `AbstractFileSystem` object if `fs` was
+        not specified.
+    max_gap : int, optional
+        Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when their
+        inter-range gap is <= `max_gap`. Default is 64KB.
+    max_block : int, optional
+        Neighboring byte ranges will only be merged when the size of
+        the aggregated range is <= `max_block`. Default is 256MB.
+    footer_sample_size : int, optional
+        Number of bytes to read from the end of the path to look
+        for the footer metadata. If the sampled bytes do not contain
+        the footer, a second read request will be required, and
+        performance will suffer. Default is 1MB.
+    filters : list[list], optional
+        List of filters to apply to prevent reading row groups, of the
+        same format as accepted by the loading engines. Ignored if
+        ``row_groups`` is specified.
+    **kwargs :
+        Optional key-word arguments to pass to `fs.open`
+    """
+
+    # Make sure we have an `AbstractFileSystem` object
+    # to work with
+    if fs is None:
+        path0 = path
+        if isinstance(path, (list, tuple)):
+            path = path[0]
+        fs, path = url_to_fs(path, **(storage_options or {}))
+    else:
+        path0 = path
+
+    # For now, `columns == []` not supported, is the same
+    # as all columns
+    if columns is not None and len(columns) == 0:
+        columns = None
+
+    # Set the engine
+    engine = _set_engine(engine)
+
+    if isinstance(path0, (list, tuple)):
+        paths = path0
+    elif "*" in path:
+        paths = fs.glob(path)
+    elif path0.endswith("/"):  # or fs.isdir(path):
+        paths = [
+            _
+            for _ in fs.find(path, withdirs=False, detail=False)
+            if _.endswith((".parquet", ".parq"))
+        ]
+    else:
+        paths = [path]
+
+    data = _get_parquet_byte_ranges(
+        paths,
+        fs,
+        metadata=metadata,
+        columns=columns,
+        row_groups=row_groups,
+        engine=engine,
+        max_gap=max_gap,
+        max_block=max_block,
+        footer_sample_size=footer_sample_size,
+        filters=filters,
+    )
+
+    # Call self.open with "parts" caching
+    options = kwargs.pop("cache_options", {}).copy()
+    return [
+        AlreadyBufferedFile(
+            fs=None,
+            path=fn,
+            mode="rb",
+            cache_type="parts",
+            cache_options={
+                **options,
+                "data": ranges,
+            },
+            size=max(_[1] for _ in ranges),
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+        for fn, ranges in data.items()
+    ]
+
+
+def open_parquet_file(*args, **kwargs):
+    """Create files tailed to reading specific parts of parquet files
+
+    Please see ``open_parquet_files`` for details of the arguments. The
+    difference is, this function always returns a single ``AlreadyBufferedFile``,
+    whereas `open_parquet_files`` always returns a list of files, even if
+    there are one or zero matching parquet files.
+    """
+    return open_parquet_files(*args, **kwargs)[0]
+
+
+def _get_parquet_byte_ranges(
+    paths,
+    fs,
+    metadata=None,
+    columns=None,
+    row_groups=None,
+    max_gap=64_000,
+    max_block=256_000_000,
+    footer_sample_size=1_000_000,
+    engine="auto",
+    filters=None,
+):
+    """Get a dictionary of the known byte ranges needed
+    to read a specific column/row-group selection from a
+    Parquet dataset. Each value in the output dictionary
+    is intended for use as the `data` argument for the
+    `KnownPartsOfAFile` caching strategy of a single path.
+    """
+
+    # Set engine if necessary
+    if isinstance(engine, str):
+        engine = _set_engine(engine)
+
+    # Pass to a specialized function if metadata is defined
+    if metadata is not None:
+        # Use the provided parquet metadata object
+        # to avoid transferring/parsing footer metadata
+        return _get_parquet_byte_ranges_from_metadata(
+            metadata,
+            fs,
+            engine,
+            columns=columns,
+            row_groups=row_groups,
+            max_gap=max_gap,
+            max_block=max_block,
+            filters=filters,
+        )
+
+    # Populate global paths, starts, & ends
+    if columns is None and row_groups is None and filters is None:
+        # We are NOT selecting specific columns or row-groups.
+        #
+        # We can avoid sampling the footers, and just transfer
+        # all file data with cat_ranges
+        result = {path: {(0, len(data)): data} for path, data in fs.cat(paths).items()}
+    else:
+        # We ARE selecting specific columns or row-groups.
+        #
+        # Get file sizes asynchronously
+        file_sizes = fs.sizes(paths)
+        data_paths = []
+        data_starts = []
+        data_ends = []
+        # Gather file footers.
+        # We just take the last `footer_sample_size` bytes of each
+        # file (or the entire file if it is smaller than that)
+        footer_starts = [
+            max(0, file_size - footer_sample_size) for file_size in file_sizes
+        ]
+        footer_samples = fs.cat_ranges(paths, footer_starts, file_sizes)
+
+        # Check our footer samples and re-sample if necessary.
+        large_footer = []
+        for i, path in enumerate(paths):
+            footer_size = int.from_bytes(footer_samples[i][-8:-4], "little")
+            real_footer_start = file_sizes[i] - (footer_size + 8)
+            if real_footer_start < footer_starts[i]:
+                large_footer.append((i, real_footer_start))
+        if large_footer:
+            warnings.warn(
+                f"Not enough data was used to sample the parquet footer. "
+                f"Try setting footer_sample_size >= {large_footer}."
+            )
+            path0 = [paths[i] for i, _ in large_footer]
+            starts = [_[1] for _ in large_footer]
+            ends = [file_sizes[i] - footer_sample_size for i, _ in large_footer]
+            data = fs.cat_ranges(path0, starts, ends)
+            for i, (path, start, block) in enumerate(zip(path0, starts, data)):
+                footer_samples[i] = block + footer_samples[i]
+                footer_starts[i] = start
+        result = {
+            path: {(start, size): data}
+            for path, start, size, data in zip(
+                paths, footer_starts, file_sizes, footer_samples
+            )
+        }
+
+        # Calculate required byte ranges for each path
+        for i, path in enumerate(paths):
+            # Use "engine" to collect data byte ranges
+            path_data_starts, path_data_ends = engine._parquet_byte_ranges(
+                columns,
+                row_groups=row_groups,
+                footer=footer_samples[i],
+                footer_start=footer_starts[i],
+                filters=filters,
+            )
+
+            data_paths += [path] * len(path_data_starts)
+            data_starts += path_data_starts
+            data_ends += path_data_ends
+
+        # Merge adjacent offset ranges
+        data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+            data_paths,
+            data_starts,
+            data_ends,
+            max_gap=max_gap,
+            max_block=max_block,
+            sort=True,
+        )
+
+        # Transfer the data byte-ranges into local memory
+        _transfer_ranges(fs, result, data_paths, data_starts, data_ends)
+
+    # Add b"PAR1" to headers
+    _add_header_magic(result)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _get_parquet_byte_ranges_from_metadata(
+    metadata,
+    fs,
+    engine,
+    columns=None,
+    row_groups=None,
+    max_gap=64_000,
+    max_block=256_000_000,
+    filters=None,
+):
+    """Simplified version of `_get_parquet_byte_ranges` for
+    the case that an engine-specific `metadata` object is
+    provided, and the remote footer metadata does not need to
+    be transferred before calculating the required byte ranges.
+    """
+
+    # Use "engine" to collect data byte ranges
+    data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = engine._parquet_byte_ranges(
+        columns, row_groups=row_groups, metadata=metadata, filters=filters
+    )
+
+    # Merge adjacent offset ranges
+    data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = merge_offset_ranges(
+        data_paths,
+        data_starts,
+        data_ends,
+        max_gap=max_gap,
+        max_block=max_block,
+        sort=False,  # Should be sorted
+    )
+
+    # Transfer the data byte-ranges into local memory
+    result = {fn: {} for fn in list(set(data_paths))}
+    _transfer_ranges(fs, result, data_paths, data_starts, data_ends)
+
+    # Add b"PAR1" to header
+    _add_header_magic(result)
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _transfer_ranges(fs, blocks, paths, starts, ends):
+    # Use cat_ranges to gather the data byte_ranges
+    ranges = (paths, starts, ends)
+    for path, start, stop, data in zip(*ranges, fs.cat_ranges(*ranges)):
+        blocks[path][(start, stop)] = data
+
+
+def _add_header_magic(data):
+    # Add b"PAR1" to file headers
+    for path in list(data):
+        add_magic = True
+        for k in data[path]:
+            if k[0] == 0 and k[1] >= 4:
+                add_magic = False
+                break
+        if add_magic:
+            data[path][(0, 4)] = b"PAR1"
+
+
+def _set_engine(engine_str):
+    # Define a list of parquet engines to try
+    if engine_str == "auto":
+        try_engines = ("fastparquet", "pyarrow")
+    elif not isinstance(engine_str, str):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Failed to set parquet engine! "
+            "Please pass 'fastparquet', 'pyarrow', or 'auto'"
+        )
+    elif engine_str not in ("fastparquet", "pyarrow"):
+        raise ValueError(f"{engine_str} engine not supported by `fsspec.parquet`")
+    else:
+        try_engines = [engine_str]
+
+    # Try importing the engines in `try_engines`,
+    # and choose the first one that succeeds
+    for engine in try_engines:
+        try:
+            if engine == "fastparquet":
+                return FastparquetEngine()
+            elif engine == "pyarrow":
+                return PyarrowEngine()
+        except ImportError:
+            pass
+
+    # Raise an error if a supported parquet engine
+    # was not found
+    raise ImportError(
+        f"The following parquet engines are not installed "
+        f"in your python environment: {try_engines}."
+        f"Please install 'fastparquert' or 'pyarrow' to "
+        f"utilize the `fsspec.parquet` module."
+    )
+
+
+class FastparquetEngine:
+    # The purpose of the FastparquetEngine class is
+    # to check if fastparquet can be imported (on initialization)
+    # and to define a `_parquet_byte_ranges` method. In the
+    # future, this class may also be used to define other
+    # methods/logic that are specific to fastparquet.
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        import fastparquet as fp
+
+        self.fp = fp
+
+    def _parquet_byte_ranges(
+        self,
+        columns,
+        row_groups=None,
+        metadata=None,
+        footer=None,
+        footer_start=None,
+        filters=None,
+    ):
+        # Initialize offset ranges and define ParqetFile metadata
+        pf = metadata
+        data_paths, data_starts, data_ends = [], [], []
+        if filters and row_groups:
+            raise ValueError("filters and row_groups cannot be used together")
+        if pf is None:
+            pf = self.fp.ParquetFile(io.BytesIO(footer))
+
+        # Convert columns to a set and add any index columns
+        # specified in the pandas metadata (just in case)
+        column_set = None if columns is None else {c.split(".", 1)[0] for c in columns}
+        if column_set is not None and hasattr(pf, "pandas_metadata"):
+            md_index = [
+                ind
+                for ind in pf.pandas_metadata.get("index_columns", [])
+                # Ignore RangeIndex information
+                if not isinstance(ind, dict)
+            ]
+            column_set |= set(md_index)
+
+        # Check if row_groups is a list of integers
+        # or a list of row-group metadata
+        if filters:
+            from fastparquet.api import filter_row_groups
+
+            row_group_indices = None
+            row_groups = filter_row_groups(pf, filters)
+        elif row_groups and not isinstance(row_groups[0], int):
+            # Input row_groups contains row-group metadata
+            row_group_indices = None
+        else:
+            # Input row_groups contains row-group indices
+            row_group_indices = row_groups
+            row_groups = pf.row_groups
+        if column_set is not None:
+            column_set = [
+                _ if isinstance(_, list) else _.split(".") for _ in column_set
+            ]
+
+        # Loop through column chunks to add required byte ranges
+        for r, row_group in enumerate(row_groups):
+            # Skip this row-group if we are targeting
+            # specific row-groups
+            if row_group_indices is None or r in row_group_indices:
+                # Find the target parquet-file path for `row_group`
+                fn = pf.row_group_filename(row_group)
+
+                for column in row_group.columns:
+                    name = column.meta_data.path_in_schema
+                    # Skip this column if we are targeting specific columns
+                    if column_set is None or _cmp(name, column_set):
+                        file_offset0 = column.meta_data.dictionary_page_offset
+                        if file_offset0 is None:
+                            file_offset0 = column.meta_data.data_page_offset
+                        num_bytes = column.meta_data.total_compressed_size
+                        if footer_start is None or file_offset0 < footer_start:
+                            data_paths.append(fn)
+                            data_starts.append(file_offset0)
+                            data_ends.append(
+                                min(
+                                    file_offset0 + num_bytes,
+                                    footer_start or (file_offset0 + num_bytes),
+                                )
+                            )
+
+        if metadata:
+            # The metadata in this call may map to multiple
+            # file paths. Need to include `data_paths`
+            return data_paths, data_starts, data_ends
+        return data_starts, data_ends
+
+
+class PyarrowEngine:
+    # The purpose of the PyarrowEngine class is
+    # to check if pyarrow can be imported (on initialization)
+    # and to define a `_parquet_byte_ranges` method. In the
+    # future, this class may also be used to define other
+    # methods/logic that are specific to pyarrow.
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        import pyarrow.parquet as pq
+
+        self.pq = pq
+
+    def _parquet_byte_ranges(
+        self,
+        columns,
+        row_groups=None,
+        metadata=None,
+        footer=None,
+        footer_start=None,
+        filters=None,
+    ):
+        if metadata is not None:
+            raise ValueError("metadata input not supported for PyarrowEngine")
+        if filters:
+            # there must be a way!
+            raise NotImplementedError
+
+        data_starts, data_ends = [], []
+        md = self.pq.ParquetFile(io.BytesIO(footer)).metadata
+
+        # Convert columns to a set and add any index columns
+        # specified in the pandas metadata (just in case)
+        column_set = None if columns is None else set(columns)
+        if column_set is not None:
+            schema = md.schema.to_arrow_schema()
+            has_pandas_metadata = (
+                schema.metadata is not None and b"pandas" in schema.metadata
+            )
+            if has_pandas_metadata:
+                md_index = [
+                    ind
+                    for ind in json.loads(
+                        schema.metadata[b"pandas"].decode("utf8")
+                    ).get("index_columns", [])
+                    # Ignore RangeIndex information
+                    if not isinstance(ind, dict)
+                ]
+                column_set |= set(md_index)
+        if column_set is not None:
+            column_set = [
+                _[:1] if isinstance(_, list) else _.split(".")[:1] for _ in column_set
+            ]
+
+        # Loop through column chunks to add required byte ranges
+        for r in range(md.num_row_groups):
+            # Skip this row-group if we are targeting
+            # specific row-groups
+            if row_groups is None or r in row_groups:
+                row_group = md.row_group(r)
+                for c in range(row_group.num_columns):
+                    column = row_group.column(c)
+                    name = column.path_in_schema.split(".")
+                    # Skip this column if we are targeting specific columns
+                    if column_set is None or _cmp(name, column_set):
+                        meta = column.to_dict()
+                        # Any offset could be the first one
+                        file_offset0 = min(
+                            _
+                            for _ in [
+                                meta.get("dictionary_page_offset"),
+                                meta.get("data_page_offset"),
+                                meta.get("index_page_offset"),
+                            ]
+                            if _ is not None
+                        )
+                        if file_offset0 < footer_start:
+                            data_starts.append(file_offset0)
+                            data_ends.append(
+                                min(
+                                    meta["total_compressed_size"] + file_offset0,
+                                    footer_start,
+                                )
+                            )
+
+        data_starts.append(footer_start)
+        data_ends.append(footer_start + len(footer))
+        return data_starts, data_ends
+
+
+def _cmp(name, column_set):
+    return any(all(a == b for a, b in zip(name, _)) for _ in column_set)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/spec.py

@@ -0,0 +1,2342 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import io
+import json
+import logging
+import os
+import threading
+import warnings
+import weakref
+from errno import ESPIPE
+from glob import has_magic
+from hashlib import sha256
+from typing import Any, ClassVar
+
+from .callbacks import DEFAULT_CALLBACK
+from .config import apply_config, conf
+from .dircache import DirCache
+from .transaction import Transaction
+from .utils import (
+    _unstrip_protocol,
+    glob_translate,
+    isfilelike,
+    other_paths,
+    read_block,
+    stringify_path,
+    tokenize,
+)
+
+logger = logging.getLogger("fsspec")
+
+
+def make_instance(cls, args, kwargs):
+    return cls(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+FORK_AVAILABLE = hasattr(os, "register_at_fork")
+
+
+if FORK_AVAILABLE:
+    _registered_classes = weakref.WeakSet()
+
+    def _reset_instances_lock():
+        for cls in _registered_classes:
+            cls._instantiation_lock = threading.RLock()
+            cls._cache.clear()
+            cls._pid = os.getpid()
+
+    os.register_at_fork(after_in_child=_reset_instances_lock)
+
+
+class _Cached(type):
+    """
+    Metaclass for caching file system instances.
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Instances are cached according to
+
+    * The values of the class attributes listed in `_extra_tokenize_attributes`
+    * The arguments passed to ``__init__``.
+
+    This creates an additional reference to the filesystem, which prevents the
+    filesystem from being garbage collected when all *user* references go away.
+    A call to the :meth:`AbstractFileSystem.clear_instance_cache` must *also*
+    be made for a filesystem instance to be garbage collected.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Note: we intentionally create a reference here, to avoid garbage
+        # collecting instances when all other references are gone. To really
+        # delete a FileSystem, the cache must be cleared.
+        if conf.get("weakref_instance_cache"):  # pragma: no cover
+            # debug option for analysing fork/spawn conditions
+            cls._cache = weakref.WeakValueDictionary()
+        else:
+            cls._cache = {}
+        cls._pid = os.getpid()
+        cls._instantiation_lock = threading.RLock()
+
+        if FORK_AVAILABLE:
+            _registered_classes.add(cls)
+
+    def _check_instance_cache(cls, token):
+        inst = cls._cache.get(token)
+        if inst is not None:
+            cls._latest = token
+        return inst
+
+    def __call__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs = apply_config(cls, kwargs)
+        extra_tokens = tuple(
+            getattr(cls, attr, None) for attr in cls._extra_tokenize_attributes
+        )
+        strip_tokenize_options = {
+            k: kwargs.pop(k) for k in cls._strip_tokenize_options if k in kwargs
+        }
+        pid = os.getpid()
+
+        if getattr(cls, "async_impl", False) and not kwargs.get("asynchronous", False):
+            token = tokenize(cls, pid, *args, *extra_tokens, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            token = tokenize(
+                cls, pid, threading.get_ident(), *args, *extra_tokens, **kwargs
+            )
+        skip = kwargs.pop("skip_instance_cache", False)
+
+        if pid != cls._pid:
+            with cls._instantiation_lock:
+                if pid != cls._pid:
+                    cls._cache.clear()
+                    cls._pid = pid
+
+        if not skip and cls.cachable:
+            inst = cls._check_instance_cache(token)
+            if inst is not None:
+                return inst
+
+            with cls._instantiation_lock:
+                # protect against the race condition that a new instance was created
+                # and inserted into the cache since the initial check just above
+                inst = cls._check_instance_cache(token)
+                if inst is not None:
+                    return inst
+
+        obj = super().__call__(*args, **kwargs, **strip_tokenize_options)
+        # Setting _fs_token here causes some static linters to complain.
+        obj._fs_token_ = token
+        obj.storage_args = args
+        obj.storage_options = kwargs
+        if obj.async_impl and obj.mirror_sync_methods:
+            from .asyn import mirror_sync_methods
+
+            mirror_sync_methods(obj)
+
+        if cls.cachable and not skip:
+            with cls._instantiation_lock:
+                # another thread may have created the instance while we were calling
+                # super().__call__(), so we check again.
+                inst = cls._check_instance_cache(token)
+                if inst is not None:
+                    return inst
+
+                cls._latest = token
+                cls._cache[token] = obj
+        return obj
+
+
+class AbstractFileSystem(metaclass=_Cached):
+    """
+    An abstract super-class for pythonic file-systems
+
+    Implementations are expected to be compatible with or, better, subclass
+    from here.
+    """
+
+    cachable = True  # this class can be cached, instances reused
+    _cached = False
+    blocksize = 2**22
+    sep = "/"
+    protocol: ClassVar[str | tuple[str, ...]] = "abstract"
+    _latest = None
+    async_impl = False
+    mirror_sync_methods = False
+    root_marker = ""  # For some FSs, may require leading '/' or other character
+    transaction_type = Transaction
+
+    #: Extra *class attributes* that should be considered when hashing.
+    _extra_tokenize_attributes = ()
+    #: *storage options* that should not be considered when hashing.
+    _strip_tokenize_options = ()
+
+    # Set by _Cached metaclass
+    storage_args: tuple[Any, ...]
+    storage_options: dict[str, Any]
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **storage_options):
+        """Create and configure file-system instance
+
+        Instances may be cachable, so if similar enough arguments are seen
+        a new instance is not required. The token attribute exists to allow
+        implementations to cache instances if they wish.
+
+        A reasonable default should be provided if there are no arguments.
+
+        Subclasses should call this method.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        use_listings_cache, listings_expiry_time, max_paths:
+            passed to ``DirCache``, if the implementation supports
+            directory listing caching. Pass use_listings_cache=False
+            to disable such caching.
+        skip_instance_cache: bool
+            If this is a cachable implementation, pass True here to force
+            creating a new instance even if a matching instance exists, and prevent
+            storing this instance.
+        asynchronous: bool
+        loop: asyncio-compatible IOLoop or None
+        """
+        if self._cached:
+            # reusing instance, don't change
+            return
+        self._cached = True
+        self._intrans = False
+        self._transaction = None
+        self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction = []
+        self.dircache = DirCache(**storage_options)
+
+        if storage_options.pop("add_docs", None):
+            warnings.warn("add_docs is no longer supported.", FutureWarning)
+
+        if storage_options.pop("add_aliases", None):
+            warnings.warn("add_aliases has been removed.", FutureWarning)
+        # This is set in _Cached
+        self._fs_token_ = None
+
+    @property
+    def fsid(self):
+        """Persistent filesystem id that can be used to compare filesystems
+        across sessions.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    @property
+    def _fs_token(self):
+        return self._fs_token_
+
+    def __dask_tokenize__(self):
+        return self._fs_token
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return int(self._fs_token, 16)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return isinstance(other, type(self)) and self._fs_token == other._fs_token
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        return make_instance, (type(self), self.storage_args, self.storage_options)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _strip_protocol(cls, path):
+        """Turn path from fully-qualified to file-system-specific
+
+        May require FS-specific handling, e.g., for relative paths or links.
+        """
+        if isinstance(path, list):
+            return [cls._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+        path = stringify_path(path)
+        protos = (cls.protocol,) if isinstance(cls.protocol, str) else cls.protocol
+        for protocol in protos:
+            if path.startswith(protocol + "://"):
+                path = path[len(protocol) + 3 :]
+            elif path.startswith(protocol + "::"):
+                path = path[len(protocol) + 2 :]
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        # use of root_marker to make minimum required path, e.g., "/"
+        return path or cls.root_marker
+
+    def unstrip_protocol(self, name: str) -> str:
+        """Format FS-specific path to generic, including protocol"""
+        protos = (self.protocol,) if isinstance(self.protocol, str) else self.protocol
+        for protocol in protos:
+            if name.startswith(f"{protocol}://"):
+                return name
+        return f"{protos[0]}://{name}"
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_kwargs_from_urls(path):
+        """If kwargs can be encoded in the paths, extract them here
+
+        This should happen before instantiation of the class; incoming paths
+        then should be amended to strip the options in methods.
+
+        Examples may look like an sftp path "sftp://user@host:/my/path", where
+        the user and host should become kwargs and later get stripped.
+        """
+        # by default, nothing happens
+        return {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def current(cls):
+        """Return the most recently instantiated FileSystem
+
+        If no instance has been created, then create one with defaults
+        """
+        inst = cls._cache.get(cls._latest)
+        if inst is not None:
+            return inst
+        return cls()
+
+    @property
+    def transaction(self):
+        """A context within which files are committed together upon exit
+
+        Requires the file class to implement `.commit()` and `.discard()`
+        for the normal and exception cases.
+        """
+        if self._transaction is None:
+            self._transaction = self.transaction_type(self)
+        return self._transaction
+
+    def start_transaction(self):
+        """Begin write transaction for deferring files, non-context version"""
+        self._intrans = True
+        self._transaction = self.transaction_type(self)
+        return self.transaction
+
+    def end_transaction(self):
+        """Finish write transaction, non-context version"""
+        self.transaction.complete()
+        self._transaction = None
+        # The invalid cache must be cleared after the transaction is completed.
+        for path in self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction:
+            self.invalidate_cache(path)
+        self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction.clear()
+
+    def invalidate_cache(self, path=None):
+        """
+        Discard any cached directory information
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: string or None
+            If None, clear all listings cached else listings at or under given
+            path.
+        """
+        # Not necessary to implement invalidation mechanism, may have no cache.
+        # But if have, you should call this method of parent class from your
+        # subclass to ensure expiring caches after transacations correctly.
+        # See the implementation of FTPFileSystem in ftp.py
+        if self._intrans:
+            self._invalidated_caches_in_transaction.append(path)
+
+    def mkdir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Create directory entry at path
+
+        For systems that don't have true directories, may create an for
+        this instance only and not touch the real filesystem
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            location
+        create_parents: bool
+            if True, this is equivalent to ``makedirs``
+        kwargs:
+            may be permissions, etc.
+        """
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    def makedirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        """Recursively make directories
+
+        Creates directory at path and any intervening required directories.
+        Raises exception if, for instance, the path already exists but is a
+        file.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            leaf directory name
+        exist_ok: bool (False)
+            If False, will error if the target already exists
+        """
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    def rmdir(self, path):
+        """Remove a directory, if empty"""
+        pass  # not necessary to implement, may not have directories
+
+    def ls(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        """List objects at path.
+
+        This should include subdirectories and files at that location. The
+        difference between a file and a directory must be clear when details
+        are requested.
+
+        The specific keys, or perhaps a FileInfo class, or similar, is TBD,
+        but must be consistent across implementations.
+        Must include:
+
+        - full path to the entry (without protocol)
+        - size of the entry, in bytes. If the value cannot be determined, will
+          be ``None``.
+        - type of entry, "file", "directory" or other
+
+        Additional information
+        may be present, appropriate to the file-system, e.g., generation,
+        checksum, etc.
+
+        May use refresh=True|False to allow use of self._ls_from_cache to
+        check for a saved listing and avoid calling the backend. This would be
+        common where listing may be expensive.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+        detail: bool
+            if True, gives a list of dictionaries, where each is the same as
+            the result of ``info(path)``. If False, gives a list of paths
+            (str).
+        kwargs: may have additional backend-specific options, such as version
+            information
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List of strings if detail is False, or list of directory information
+        dicts if detail is True.
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _ls_from_cache(self, path):
+        """Check cache for listing
+
+        Returns listing, if found (may be empty list for a directly that exists
+        but contains nothing), None if not in cache.
+        """
+        parent = self._parent(path)
+        try:
+            return self.dircache[path.rstrip("/")]
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+        try:
+            files = [
+                f
+                for f in self.dircache[parent]
+                if f["name"] == path
+                or (f["name"] == path.rstrip("/") and f["type"] == "directory")
+            ]
+            if len(files) == 0:
+                # parent dir was listed but did not contain this file
+                raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+            return files
+        except KeyError:
+            pass
+
+    def walk(self, path, maxdepth=None, topdown=True, on_error="omit", **kwargs):
+        """Return all files under the given path.
+
+        List all files, recursing into subdirectories; output is iterator-style,
+        like ``os.walk()``. For a simple list of files, ``find()`` is available.
+
+        When topdown is True, the caller can modify the dirnames list in-place (perhaps
+        using del or slice assignment), and walk() will
+        only recurse into the subdirectories whose names remain in dirnames;
+        this can be used to prune the search, impose a specific order of visiting,
+        or even to inform walk() about directories the caller creates or renames before
+        it resumes walk() again.
+        Modifying dirnames when topdown is False has no effect. (see os.walk)
+
+        Note that the "files" outputted will include anything that is not
+        a directory, such as links.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Root to recurse into
+        maxdepth: int
+            Maximum recursion depth. None means limitless, but not recommended
+            on link-based file-systems.
+        topdown: bool (True)
+            Whether to walk the directory tree from the top downwards or from
+            the bottom upwards.
+        on_error: "omit", "raise", a callable
+            if omit (default), path with exception will simply be empty;
+            If raise, an underlying exception will be raised;
+            if callable, it will be called with a single OSError instance as argument
+        kwargs: passed to ``ls``
+        """
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        full_dirs = {}
+        dirs = {}
+        files = {}
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+        try:
+            listing = self.ls(path, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        except (FileNotFoundError, OSError) as e:
+            if on_error == "raise":
+                raise
+            if callable(on_error):
+                on_error(e)
+            return
+
+        for info in listing:
+            # each info name must be at least [path]/part , but here
+            # we check also for names like [path]/part/
+            pathname = info["name"].rstrip("/")
+            name = pathname.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+            if info["type"] == "directory" and pathname != path:
+                # do not include "self" path
+                full_dirs[name] = pathname
+                dirs[name] = info
+            elif pathname == path:
+                # file-like with same name as give path
+                files[""] = info
+            else:
+                files[name] = info
+
+        if not detail:
+            dirs = list(dirs)
+            files = list(files)
+
+        if topdown:
+            # Yield before recursion if walking top down
+            yield path, dirs, files
+
+        if maxdepth is not None:
+            maxdepth -= 1
+            if maxdepth < 1:
+                if not topdown:
+                    yield path, dirs, files
+                return
+
+        for d in dirs:
+            yield from self.walk(
+                full_dirs[d],
+                maxdepth=maxdepth,
+                detail=detail,
+                topdown=topdown,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+
+        if not topdown:
+            # Yield after recursion if walking bottom up
+            yield path, dirs, files
+
+    def find(self, path, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, detail=False, **kwargs):
+        """List all files below path.
+
+        Like posix ``find`` command without conditions
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            If not None, the maximum number of levels to descend
+        withdirs: bool
+            Whether to include directory paths in the output. This is True
+            when used by glob, but users usually only want files.
+        kwargs are passed to ``ls``.
+        """
+        # TODO: allow equivalent of -name parameter
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = {}
+
+        # Add the root directory if withdirs is requested
+        # This is needed for posix glob compliance
+        if withdirs and path != "" and self.isdir(path):
+            out[path] = self.info(path)
+
+        for _, dirs, files in self.walk(path, maxdepth, detail=True, **kwargs):
+            if withdirs:
+                files.update(dirs)
+            out.update({info["name"]: info for name, info in files.items()})
+        if not out and self.isfile(path):
+            # walk works on directories, but find should also return [path]
+            # when path happens to be a file
+            out[path] = {}
+        names = sorted(out)
+        if not detail:
+            return names
+        else:
+            return {name: out[name] for name in names}
+
+    def du(self, path, total=True, maxdepth=None, withdirs=False, **kwargs):
+        """Space used by files and optionally directories within a path
+
+        Directory size does not include the size of its contents.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+        total: bool
+            Whether to sum all the file sizes
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            Maximum number of directory levels to descend, None for unlimited.
+        withdirs: bool
+            Whether to include directory paths in the output.
+        kwargs: passed to ``find``
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Dict of {path: size} if total=False, or int otherwise, where numbers
+        refer to bytes used.
+        """
+        sizes = {}
+        if withdirs and self.isdir(path):
+            # Include top-level directory in output
+            info = self.info(path)
+            sizes[info["name"]] = info["size"]
+        for f in self.find(path, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=withdirs, **kwargs):
+            info = self.info(f)
+            sizes[info["name"]] = info["size"]
+        if total:
+            return sum(sizes.values())
+        else:
+            return sizes
+
+    def glob(self, path, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """Find files by glob-matching.
+
+        Pattern matching capabilities for finding files that match the given pattern.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            The glob pattern to match against
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            Maximum depth for ``'**'`` patterns. Applied on the first ``'**'`` found.
+            Must be at least 1 if provided.
+        kwargs:
+            Additional arguments passed to ``find`` (e.g., detail=True)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        List of matched paths, or dict of paths and their info if detail=True
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Supported patterns:
+        - '*': Matches any sequence of characters within a single directory level
+        - ``'**'``: Matches any number of directory levels (must be an entire path component)
+        - '?': Matches exactly one character
+        - '[abc]': Matches any character in the set
+        - '[a-z]': Matches any character in the range
+        - '[!abc]': Matches any character NOT in the set
+
+        Special behaviors:
+        - If the path ends with '/', only folders are returned
+        - Consecutive '*' characters are compressed into a single '*'
+        - Empty set '[]' or negated empty negated set '[!]' never match anything
+        - Special characters in character classes are escaped properly
+
+        Limitations:
+        - ``'**'`` must be a complete path component (e.g., ``'a/**/b'``, not ``'a**b'``)
+        - No brace expansion ('{a,b}.txt')
+        - No extended glob patterns ('+(pattern)', '!(pattern)')
+        """
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        import re
+
+        seps = (os.path.sep, os.path.altsep) if os.path.altsep else (os.path.sep,)
+        ends_with_sep = path.endswith(seps)  # _strip_protocol strips trailing slash
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        append_slash_to_dirname = ends_with_sep or path.endswith(
+            tuple(sep + "**" for sep in seps)
+        )
+        idx_star = path.find("*") if path.find("*") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_qmark = path.find("?") if path.find("?") >= 0 else len(path)
+        idx_brace = path.find("[") if path.find("[") >= 0 else len(path)
+
+        min_idx = min(idx_star, idx_qmark, idx_brace)
+
+        detail = kwargs.pop("detail", False)
+        withdirs = kwargs.pop("withdirs", True)
+
+        if not has_magic(path):
+            if self.exists(path, **kwargs):
+                if not detail:
+                    return [path]
+                else:
+                    return {path: self.info(path, **kwargs)}
+            else:
+                if not detail:
+                    return []  # glob of non-existent returns empty
+                else:
+                    return {}
+        elif "/" in path[:min_idx]:
+            min_idx = path[:min_idx].rindex("/")
+            root = path[: min_idx + 1]
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+        else:
+            root = ""
+            depth = path[min_idx + 1 :].count("/") + 1
+
+        if "**" in path:
+            if maxdepth is not None:
+                idx_double_stars = path.find("**")
+                depth_double_stars = path[idx_double_stars:].count("/") + 1
+                depth = depth - depth_double_stars + maxdepth
+            else:
+                depth = None
+
+        allpaths = self.find(
+            root, maxdepth=depth, withdirs=withdirs, detail=True, **kwargs
+        )
+
+        pattern = glob_translate(path + ("/" if ends_with_sep else ""))
+        pattern = re.compile(pattern)
+
+        out = {
+            p: info
+            for p, info in sorted(allpaths.items())
+            if pattern.match(
+                p + "/"
+                if append_slash_to_dirname and info["type"] == "directory"
+                else p
+            )
+        }
+
+        if detail:
+            return out
+        else:
+            return list(out)
+
+    def exists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """Is there a file at the given path"""
+        try:
+            self.info(path, **kwargs)
+            return True
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            # any exception allowed bar FileNotFoundError?
+            return False
+
+    def lexists(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """If there is a file at the given path (including
+        broken links)"""
+        return self.exists(path)
+
+    def info(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """Give details of entry at path
+
+        Returns a single dictionary, with exactly the same information as ``ls``
+        would with ``detail=True``.
+
+        The default implementation calls ls and could be overridden by a
+        shortcut. kwargs are passed on to ```ls()``.
+
+        Some file systems might not be able to measure the file's size, in
+        which case, the returned dict will include ``'size': None``.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict with keys: name (full path in the FS), size (in bytes), type (file,
+        directory, or something else) and other FS-specific keys.
+        """
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        out = self.ls(self._parent(path), detail=True, **kwargs)
+        out = [o for o in out if o["name"].rstrip("/") == path]
+        if out:
+            return out[0]
+        out = self.ls(path, detail=True, **kwargs)
+        path = path.rstrip("/")
+        out1 = [o for o in out if o["name"].rstrip("/") == path]
+        if len(out1) == 1:
+            if "size" not in out1[0]:
+                out1[0]["size"] = None
+            return out1[0]
+        elif len(out1) > 1 or out:
+            return {"name": path, "size": 0, "type": "directory"}
+        else:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+
+    def checksum(self, path):
+        """Unique value for current version of file
+
+        If the checksum is the same from one moment to another, the contents
+        are guaranteed to be the same. If the checksum changes, the contents
+        *might* have changed.
+
+        This should normally be overridden; default will probably capture
+        creation/modification timestamp (which would be good) or maybe
+        access timestamp (which would be bad)
+        """
+        return int(tokenize(self.info(path)), 16)
+
+    def size(self, path):
+        """Size in bytes of file"""
+        return self.info(path).get("size", None)
+
+    def sizes(self, paths):
+        """Size in bytes of each file in a list of paths"""
+        return [self.size(p) for p in paths]
+
+    def isdir(self, path):
+        """Is this entry directory-like?"""
+        try:
+            return self.info(path)["type"] == "directory"
+        except OSError:
+            return False
+
+    def isfile(self, path):
+        """Is this entry file-like?"""
+        try:
+            return self.info(path)["type"] == "file"
+        except:  # noqa: E722
+            return False
+
+    def read_text(self, path, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, **kwargs):
+        """Get the contents of the file as a string.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            URL of file on this filesystems
+        encoding, errors, newline: same as `open`.
+        """
+        with self.open(
+            path,
+            mode="r",
+            encoding=encoding,
+            errors=errors,
+            newline=newline,
+            **kwargs,
+        ) as f:
+            return f.read()
+
+    def write_text(
+        self, path, value, encoding=None, errors=None, newline=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Write the text to the given file.
+
+        An existing file will be overwritten.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            URL of file on this filesystems
+        value: str
+            Text to write.
+        encoding, errors, newline: same as `open`.
+        """
+        with self.open(
+            path,
+            mode="w",
+            encoding=encoding,
+            errors=errors,
+            newline=newline,
+            **kwargs,
+        ) as f:
+            return f.write(value)
+
+    def cat_file(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        """Get the content of a file
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: URL of file on this filesystems
+        start, end: int
+            Bytes limits of the read. If negative, backwards from end,
+            like usual python slices. Either can be None for start or
+            end of file, respectively
+        kwargs: passed to ``open()``.
+        """
+        # explicitly set buffering off?
+        with self.open(path, "rb", **kwargs) as f:
+            if start is not None:
+                if start >= 0:
+                    f.seek(start)
+                else:
+                    f.seek(max(0, f.size + start))
+            if end is not None:
+                if end < 0:
+                    end = f.size + end
+                return f.read(end - f.tell())
+            return f.read()
+
+    def pipe_file(self, path, value, mode="overwrite", **kwargs):
+        """Set the bytes of given file"""
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(path):
+            # non-atomic but simple way; or could use "xb" in open(), which is likely
+            # not as well supported
+            raise FileExistsError
+        with self.open(path, "wb", **kwargs) as f:
+            f.write(value)
+
+    def pipe(self, path, value=None, **kwargs):
+        """Put value into path
+
+        (counterpart to ``cat``)
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: string or dict(str, bytes)
+            If a string, a single remote location to put ``value`` bytes; if a dict,
+            a mapping of {path: bytesvalue}.
+        value: bytes, optional
+            If using a single path, these are the bytes to put there. Ignored if
+            ``path`` is a dict
+        """
+        if isinstance(path, str):
+            self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(path), value, **kwargs)
+        elif isinstance(path, dict):
+            for k, v in path.items():
+                self.pipe_file(self._strip_protocol(k), v, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("path must be str or dict")
+
+    def cat_ranges(
+        self, paths, starts, ends, max_gap=None, on_error="return", **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Get the contents of byte ranges from one or more files
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        paths: list
+            A list of of filepaths on this filesystems
+        starts, ends: int or list
+            Bytes limits of the read. If using a single int, the same value will be
+            used to read all the specified files.
+        """
+        if max_gap is not None:
+            raise NotImplementedError
+        if not isinstance(paths, list):
+            raise TypeError
+        if not isinstance(starts, list):
+            starts = [starts] * len(paths)
+        if not isinstance(ends, list):
+            ends = [ends] * len(paths)
+        if len(starts) != len(paths) or len(ends) != len(paths):
+            raise ValueError
+        out = []
+        for p, s, e in zip(paths, starts, ends):
+            try:
+                out.append(self.cat_file(p, s, e, **kwargs))
+            except Exception as e:
+                if on_error == "return":
+                    out.append(e)
+                else:
+                    raise
+        return out
+
+    def cat(self, path, recursive=False, on_error="raise", **kwargs):
+        """Fetch (potentially multiple) paths' contents
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        recursive: bool
+            If True, assume the path(s) are directories, and get all the
+            contained files
+        on_error : "raise", "omit", "return"
+            If raise, an underlying exception will be raised (converted to KeyError
+            if the type is in self.missing_exceptions); if omit, keys with exception
+            will simply not be included in the output; if "return", all keys are
+            included in the output, but the value will be bytes or an exception
+            instance.
+        kwargs: passed to cat_file
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        dict of {path: contents} if there are multiple paths
+        or the path has been otherwise expanded
+        """
+        paths = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, **kwargs)
+        if (
+            len(paths) > 1
+            or isinstance(path, list)
+            or paths[0] != self._strip_protocol(path)
+        ):
+            out = {}
+            for path in paths:
+                try:
+                    out[path] = self.cat_file(path, **kwargs)
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if on_error == "raise":
+                        raise
+                    if on_error == "return":
+                        out[path] = e
+            return out
+        else:
+            return self.cat_file(paths[0], **kwargs)
+
+    def get_file(self, rpath, lpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, outfile=None, **kwargs):
+        """Copy single remote file to local"""
+        from .implementations.local import LocalFileSystem
+
+        if isfilelike(lpath):
+            outfile = lpath
+        elif self.isdir(rpath):
+            os.makedirs(lpath, exist_ok=True)
+            return None
+
+        fs = LocalFileSystem(auto_mkdir=True)
+        fs.makedirs(fs._parent(lpath), exist_ok=True)
+
+        with self.open(rpath, "rb", **kwargs) as f1:
+            if outfile is None:
+                outfile = open(lpath, "wb")
+
+            try:
+                callback.set_size(getattr(f1, "size", None))
+                data = True
+                while data:
+                    data = f1.read(self.blocksize)
+                    segment_len = outfile.write(data)
+                    if segment_len is None:
+                        segment_len = len(data)
+                    callback.relative_update(segment_len)
+            finally:
+                if not isfilelike(lpath):
+                    outfile.close()
+
+    def get(
+        self,
+        rpath,
+        lpath,
+        recursive=False,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Copy file(s) to local.
+
+        Copies a specific file or tree of files (if recursive=True). If lpath
+        ends with a "/", it will be assumed to be a directory, and target files
+        will go within. Can submit a list of paths, which may be glob-patterns
+        and will be expanded.
+
+        Calls get_file for each source.
+        """
+        if isinstance(lpath, list) and isinstance(rpath, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            rpaths = rpath
+            lpaths = lpath
+        else:
+            from .implementations.local import (
+                LocalFileSystem,
+                make_path_posix,
+                trailing_sep,
+            )
+
+            source_is_str = isinstance(rpath, str)
+            rpaths = self.expand_path(
+                rpath, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                rpaths = [p for p in rpaths if not (trailing_sep(p) or self.isdir(p))]
+                if not rpaths:
+                    return
+
+            if isinstance(lpath, str):
+                lpath = make_path_posix(lpath)
+
+            source_is_file = len(rpaths) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(lpath, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(lpath) or LocalFileSystem().isdir(lpath)
+            )
+
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(rpath) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(rpath) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(rpath))
+            )
+            lpaths = other_paths(
+                rpaths,
+                lpath,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        callback.set_size(len(lpaths))
+        for lpath, rpath in callback.wrap(zip(lpaths, rpaths)):
+            with callback.branched(rpath, lpath) as child:
+                self.get_file(rpath, lpath, callback=child, **kwargs)
+
+    def put_file(
+        self, lpath, rpath, callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK, mode="overwrite", **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Copy single file to remote"""
+        if mode == "create" and self.exists(rpath):
+            raise FileExistsError
+        if os.path.isdir(lpath):
+            self.makedirs(rpath, exist_ok=True)
+            return None
+
+        with open(lpath, "rb") as f1:
+            size = f1.seek(0, 2)
+            callback.set_size(size)
+            f1.seek(0)
+
+            self.mkdirs(self._parent(os.fspath(rpath)), exist_ok=True)
+            with self.open(rpath, "wb", **kwargs) as f2:
+                while f1.tell() < size:
+                    data = f1.read(self.blocksize)
+                    segment_len = f2.write(data)
+                    if segment_len is None:
+                        segment_len = len(data)
+                    callback.relative_update(segment_len)
+
+    def put(
+        self,
+        lpath,
+        rpath,
+        recursive=False,
+        callback=DEFAULT_CALLBACK,
+        maxdepth=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Copy file(s) from local.
+
+        Copies a specific file or tree of files (if recursive=True). If rpath
+        ends with a "/", it will be assumed to be a directory, and target files
+        will go within.
+
+        Calls put_file for each source.
+        """
+        if isinstance(lpath, list) and isinstance(rpath, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            rpaths = rpath
+            lpaths = lpath
+        else:
+            from .implementations.local import (
+                LocalFileSystem,
+                make_path_posix,
+                trailing_sep,
+            )
+
+            source_is_str = isinstance(lpath, str)
+            if source_is_str:
+                lpath = make_path_posix(lpath)
+            fs = LocalFileSystem()
+            lpaths = fs.expand_path(
+                lpath, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                lpaths = [p for p in lpaths if not (trailing_sep(p) or fs.isdir(p))]
+                if not lpaths:
+                    return
+
+            source_is_file = len(lpaths) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(rpath, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(rpath) or self.isdir(rpath)
+            )
+
+            rpath = (
+                self._strip_protocol(rpath)
+                if isinstance(rpath, str)
+                else [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in rpath]
+            )
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(lpath) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(lpath) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(lpath))
+            )
+            rpaths = other_paths(
+                lpaths,
+                rpath,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        callback.set_size(len(rpaths))
+        for lpath, rpath in callback.wrap(zip(lpaths, rpaths)):
+            with callback.branched(lpath, rpath) as child:
+                self.put_file(lpath, rpath, callback=child, **kwargs)
+
+    def head(self, path, size=1024):
+        """Get the first ``size`` bytes from file"""
+        with self.open(path, "rb") as f:
+            return f.read(size)
+
+    def tail(self, path, size=1024):
+        """Get the last ``size`` bytes from file"""
+        with self.open(path, "rb") as f:
+            f.seek(max(-size, -f.size), 2)
+            return f.read()
+
+    def cp_file(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def copy(
+        self, path1, path2, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, on_error=None, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Copy within two locations in the filesystem
+
+        on_error : "raise", "ignore"
+            If raise, any not-found exceptions will be raised; if ignore any
+            not-found exceptions will cause the path to be skipped; defaults to
+            raise unless recursive is true, where the default is ignore
+        """
+        if on_error is None and recursive:
+            on_error = "ignore"
+        elif on_error is None:
+            on_error = "raise"
+
+        if isinstance(path1, list) and isinstance(path2, list):
+            # No need to expand paths when both source and destination
+            # are provided as lists
+            paths1 = path1
+            paths2 = path2
+        else:
+            from .implementations.local import trailing_sep
+
+            source_is_str = isinstance(path1, str)
+            paths1 = self.expand_path(
+                path1, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs
+            )
+            if source_is_str and (not recursive or maxdepth is not None):
+                # Non-recursive glob does not copy directories
+                paths1 = [p for p in paths1 if not (trailing_sep(p) or self.isdir(p))]
+                if not paths1:
+                    return
+
+            source_is_file = len(paths1) == 1
+            dest_is_dir = isinstance(path2, str) and (
+                trailing_sep(path2) or self.isdir(path2)
+            )
+
+            exists = source_is_str and (
+                (has_magic(path1) and source_is_file)
+                or (not has_magic(path1) and dest_is_dir and not trailing_sep(path1))
+            )
+            paths2 = other_paths(
+                paths1,
+                path2,
+                exists=exists,
+                flatten=not source_is_str,
+            )
+
+        for p1, p2 in zip(paths1, paths2):
+            try:
+                self.cp_file(p1, p2, **kwargs)
+            except FileNotFoundError:
+                if on_error == "raise":
+                    raise
+
+    def expand_path(
+        self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, assume_literal=False, **kwargs
+    ):
+        """Turn one or more globs or directories into a list of all matching paths
+        to files or directories.
+
+        kwargs are passed to ``glob`` or ``find``, which may in turn call ``ls``
+        """
+
+        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth < 1:
+            raise ValueError("maxdepth must be at least 1")
+
+        if isinstance(path, (str, os.PathLike)):
+            out = self.expand_path([path], recursive, maxdepth, **kwargs)
+        else:
+            out = set()
+            path = [self._strip_protocol(p) for p in path]
+            for p in path:
+                if not assume_literal and has_magic(p):
+                    bit = set(self.glob(p, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs))
+                    out |= bit
+                    if recursive:
+                        # glob call above expanded one depth so if maxdepth is defined
+                        # then decrement it in expand_path call below. If it is zero
+                        # after decrementing then avoid expand_path call.
+                        if maxdepth is not None and maxdepth <= 1:
+                            continue
+                        out |= set(
+                            self.expand_path(
+                                list(bit),
+                                recursive=recursive,
+                                maxdepth=maxdepth - 1 if maxdepth is not None else None,
+                                assume_literal=True,
+                                **kwargs,
+                            )
+                        )
+                    continue
+                elif recursive:
+                    rec = set(
+                        self.find(
+                            p, maxdepth=maxdepth, withdirs=True, detail=False, **kwargs
+                        )
+                    )
+                    out |= rec
+                if p not in out and (recursive is False or self.exists(p)):
+                    # should only check once, for the root
+                    out.add(p)
+        if not out:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(path)
+        return sorted(out)
+
+    def mv(self, path1, path2, recursive=False, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """Move file(s) from one location to another"""
+        if path1 == path2:
+            logger.debug("%s mv: The paths are the same, so no files were moved.", self)
+        else:
+            # explicitly raise exception to prevent data corruption
+            self.copy(
+                path1, path2, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth, on_error="raise"
+            )
+            self.rm(path1, recursive=recursive)
+
+    def rm_file(self, path):
+        """Delete a file"""
+        self._rm(path)
+
+    def _rm(self, path):
+        """Delete one file"""
+        # this is the old name for the method, prefer rm_file
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def rm(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        """Delete files.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str or list of str
+            File(s) to delete.
+        recursive: bool
+            If file(s) are directories, recursively delete contents and then
+            also remove the directory
+        maxdepth: int or None
+            Depth to pass to walk for finding files to delete, if recursive.
+            If None, there will be no limit and infinite recursion may be
+            possible.
+        """
+        path = self.expand_path(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+        for p in reversed(path):
+            self.rm_file(p)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _parent(cls, path):
+        path = cls._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "/" in path:
+            parent = path.rsplit("/", 1)[0].lstrip(cls.root_marker)
+            return cls.root_marker + parent
+        else:
+            return cls.root_marker
+
+    def _open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_options=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """Return raw bytes-mode file-like from the file-system"""
+        return AbstractBufferedFile(
+            self,
+            path,
+            mode,
+            block_size,
+            autocommit,
+            cache_options=cache_options,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def open(
+        self,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size=None,
+        cache_options=None,
+        compression=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Return a file-like object from the filesystem
+
+        The resultant instance must function correctly in a context ``with``
+        block.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            Target file
+        mode: str like 'rb', 'w'
+            See builtin ``open()``
+            Mode "x" (exclusive write) may be implemented by the backend. Even if
+            it is, whether  it is checked up front or on commit, and whether it is
+            atomic is implementation-dependent.
+        block_size: int
+            Some indication of buffering - this is a value in bytes
+        cache_options : dict, optional
+            Extra arguments to pass through to the cache.
+        compression: string or None
+            If given, open file using compression codec. Can either be a compression
+            name (a key in ``fsspec.compression.compr``) or "infer" to guess the
+            compression from the filename suffix.
+        encoding, errors, newline: passed on to TextIOWrapper for text mode
+        """
+        import io
+
+        path = self._strip_protocol(path)
+        if "b" not in mode:
+            mode = mode.replace("t", "") + "b"
+
+            text_kwargs = {
+                k: kwargs.pop(k)
+                for k in ["encoding", "errors", "newline"]
+                if k in kwargs
+            }
+            return io.TextIOWrapper(
+                self.open(
+                    path,
+                    mode,
+                    block_size=block_size,
+                    cache_options=cache_options,
+                    compression=compression,
+                    **kwargs,
+                ),
+                **text_kwargs,
+            )
+        else:
+            ac = kwargs.pop("autocommit", not self._intrans)
+            f = self._open(
+                path,
+                mode=mode,
+                block_size=block_size,
+                autocommit=ac,
+                cache_options=cache_options,
+                **kwargs,
+            )
+            if compression is not None:
+                from fsspec.compression import compr
+                from fsspec.core import get_compression
+
+                compression = get_compression(path, compression)
+                compress = compr[compression]
+                f = compress(f, mode=mode[0])
+
+            if not ac and "r" not in mode:
+                self.transaction.files.append(f)
+            return f
+
+    def touch(self, path, truncate=True, **kwargs):
+        """Create empty file, or update timestamp
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path: str
+            file location
+        truncate: bool
+            If True, always set file size to 0; if False, update timestamp and
+            leave file unchanged, if backend allows this
+        """
+        if truncate or not self.exists(path):
+            with self.open(path, "wb", **kwargs):
+                pass
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError  # update timestamp, if possible
+
+    def ukey(self, path):
+        """Hash of file properties, to tell if it has changed"""
+        return sha256(str(self.info(path)).encode()).hexdigest()
+
+    def read_block(self, fn, offset, length, delimiter=None):
+        """Read a block of bytes from
+
+        Starting at ``offset`` of the file, read ``length`` bytes.  If
+        ``delimiter`` is set then we ensure that the read starts and stops at
+        delimiter boundaries that follow the locations ``offset`` and ``offset
+        + length``.  If ``offset`` is zero then we start at zero.  The
+        bytestring returned WILL include the end delimiter string.
+
+        If offset+length is beyond the eof, reads to eof.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fn: string
+            Path to filename
+        offset: int
+            Byte offset to start read
+        length: int
+            Number of bytes to read. If None, read to end.
+        delimiter: bytes (optional)
+            Ensure reading starts and stops at delimiter bytestring
+
+        Examples
+        --------
+        >>> fs.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, 13)  # doctest: +SKIP
+        b'Alice, 100\\nBo'
+        >>> fs.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, 13, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+        b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\n'
+
+        Use ``length=None`` to read to the end of the file.
+        >>> fs.read_block('data/file.csv', 0, None, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+        b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\nCharlie, 300'
+
+        See Also
+        --------
+        :func:`fsspec.utils.read_block`
+        """
+        with self.open(fn, "rb") as f:
+            size = f.size
+            if length is None:
+                length = size
+            if size is not None and offset + length > size:
+                length = size - offset
+            return read_block(f, offset, length, delimiter)
+
+    def to_json(self, *, include_password: bool = True) -> str:
+        """
+        JSON representation of this filesystem instance.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        include_password: bool, default True
+            Whether to include the password (if any) in the output.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        JSON string with keys ``cls`` (the python location of this class),
+        protocol (text name of this class's protocol, first one in case of
+        multiple), ``args`` (positional args, usually empty), and all other
+        keyword arguments as their own keys.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        Serialized filesystems may contain sensitive information which have been
+        passed to the constructor, such as passwords and tokens. Make sure you
+        store and send them in a secure environment!
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONEncoder
+
+        return json.dumps(
+            self,
+            cls=type(
+                "_FilesystemJSONEncoder",
+                (FilesystemJSONEncoder,),
+                {"include_password": include_password},
+            ),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_json(blob: str) -> AbstractFileSystem:
+        """
+        Recreate a filesystem instance from JSON representation.
+
+        See ``.to_json()`` for the expected structure of the input.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        blob: str
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        file system instance, not necessarily of this particular class.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        This can import arbitrary modules (as determined by the ``cls`` key).
+        Make sure you haven't installed any modules that may execute malicious code
+        at import time.
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONDecoder
+
+        return json.loads(blob, cls=FilesystemJSONDecoder)
+
+    def to_dict(self, *, include_password: bool = True) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        """
+        JSON-serializable dictionary representation of this filesystem instance.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        include_password: bool, default True
+            Whether to include the password (if any) in the output.
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        Dictionary with keys ``cls`` (the python location of this class),
+        protocol (text name of this class's protocol, first one in case of
+        multiple), ``args`` (positional args, usually empty), and all other
+        keyword arguments as their own keys.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        Serialized filesystems may contain sensitive information which have been
+        passed to the constructor, such as passwords and tokens. Make sure you
+        store and send them in a secure environment!
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONEncoder
+
+        json_encoder = FilesystemJSONEncoder()
+
+        cls = type(self)
+        proto = self.protocol
+
+        storage_options = dict(self.storage_options)
+        if not include_password:
+            storage_options.pop("password", None)
+
+        return dict(
+            cls=f"{cls.__module__}:{cls.__name__}",
+            protocol=proto[0] if isinstance(proto, (tuple, list)) else proto,
+            args=json_encoder.make_serializable(self.storage_args),
+            **json_encoder.make_serializable(storage_options),
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_dict(dct: dict[str, Any]) -> AbstractFileSystem:
+        """
+        Recreate a filesystem instance from dictionary representation.
+
+        See ``.to_dict()`` for the expected structure of the input.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        dct: Dict[str, Any]
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        file system instance, not necessarily of this particular class.
+
+        Warnings
+        --------
+        This can import arbitrary modules (as determined by the ``cls`` key).
+        Make sure you haven't installed any modules that may execute malicious code
+        at import time.
+        """
+        from .json import FilesystemJSONDecoder
+
+        json_decoder = FilesystemJSONDecoder()
+
+        dct = dict(dct)  # Defensive copy
+
+        cls = FilesystemJSONDecoder.try_resolve_fs_cls(dct)
+        if cls is None:
+            raise ValueError("Not a serialized AbstractFileSystem")
+
+        dct.pop("cls", None)
+        dct.pop("protocol", None)
+
+        return cls(
+            *json_decoder.unmake_serializable(dct.pop("args", ())),
+            **json_decoder.unmake_serializable(dct),
+        )
+
+    def _get_pyarrow_filesystem(self):
+        """
+        Make a version of the FS instance which will be acceptable to pyarrow
+        """
+        # all instances already also derive from pyarrow
+        return self
+
+    def get_mapper(self, root="", check=False, create=False, missing_exceptions=None):
+        """Create key/value store based on this file-system
+
+        Makes a MutableMapping interface to the FS at the given root path.
+        See ``fsspec.mapping.FSMap`` for further details.
+        """
+        from .mapping import FSMap
+
+        return FSMap(
+            root,
+            self,
+            check=check,
+            create=create,
+            missing_exceptions=missing_exceptions,
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def clear_instance_cache(cls):
+        """
+        Clear the cache of filesystem instances.
+
+        Notes
+        -----
+        Unless overridden by setting the ``cachable`` class attribute to False,
+        the filesystem class stores a reference to newly created instances. This
+        prevents Python's normal rules around garbage collection from working,
+        since the instances refcount will not drop to zero until
+        ``clear_instance_cache`` is called.
+        """
+        cls._cache.clear()
+
+    def created(self, path):
+        """Return the created timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def modified(self, path):
+        """Return the modified timestamp of a file as a datetime.datetime"""
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def tree(
+        self,
+        path: str = "/",
+        recursion_limit: int = 2,
+        max_display: int = 25,
+        display_size: bool = False,
+        prefix: str = "",
+        is_last: bool = True,
+        first: bool = True,
+        indent_size: int = 4,
+    ) -> str:
+        """
+        Return a tree-like structure of the filesystem starting from the given path as a string.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+            path: Root path to start traversal from
+            recursion_limit: Maximum depth of directory traversal
+            max_display: Maximum number of items to display per directory
+            display_size: Whether to display file sizes
+            prefix: Current line prefix for visual tree structure
+            is_last: Whether current item is last in its level
+            first: Whether this is the first call (displays root path)
+            indent_size: Number of spaces by indent
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+            str: A string representing the tree structure.
+
+        Example
+        -------
+            >>> from fsspec import filesystem
+
+            >>> fs = filesystem('ftp', host='test.rebex.net', user='demo', password='password')
+            >>> tree = fs.tree(display_size=True, recursion_limit=3, indent_size=8, max_display=10)
+            >>> print(tree)
+        """
+
+        def format_bytes(n: int) -> str:
+            """Format bytes as text."""
+            for prefix, k in (
+                ("P", 2**50),
+                ("T", 2**40),
+                ("G", 2**30),
+                ("M", 2**20),
+                ("k", 2**10),
+            ):
+                if n >= 0.9 * k:
+                    return f"{n / k:.2f} {prefix}b"
+            return f"{n}B"
+
+        result = []
+
+        if first:
+            result.append(path)
+
+        if recursion_limit:
+            indent = " " * indent_size
+            contents = self.ls(path, detail=True)
+            contents.sort(
+                key=lambda x: (x.get("type") != "directory", x.get("name", ""))
+            )
+
+            if max_display is not None and len(contents) > max_display:
+                displayed_contents = contents[:max_display]
+                remaining_count = len(contents) - max_display
+            else:
+                displayed_contents = contents
+                remaining_count = 0
+
+            for i, item in enumerate(displayed_contents):
+                is_last_item = (i == len(displayed_contents) - 1) and (
+                    remaining_count == 0
+                )
+
+                branch = (
+                    "└" + ("─" * (indent_size - 2))
+                    if is_last_item
+                    else "├" + ("─" * (indent_size - 2))
+                )
+                branch += " "
+                new_prefix = prefix + (
+                    indent if is_last_item else "│" + " " * (indent_size - 1)
+                )
+
+                name = os.path.basename(item.get("name", ""))
+
+                if display_size and item.get("type") == "directory":
+                    sub_contents = self.ls(item.get("name", ""), detail=True)
+                    num_files = sum(
+                        1 for sub_item in sub_contents if sub_item.get("type") == "file"
+                    )
+                    num_folders = sum(
+                        1
+                        for sub_item in sub_contents
+                        if sub_item.get("type") == "directory"
+                    )
+
+                    if num_files == 0 and num_folders == 0:
+                        size = " (empty folder)"
+                    elif num_files == 0:
+                        size = f" ({num_folders} subfolder{'s' if num_folders > 1 else ''})"
+                    elif num_folders == 0:
+                        size = f" ({num_files} file{'s' if num_files > 1 else ''})"
+                    else:
+                        size = f" ({num_files} file{'s' if num_files > 1 else ''}, {num_folders} subfolder{'s' if num_folders > 1 else ''})"
+                elif display_size and item.get("type") == "file":
+                    size = f" ({format_bytes(item.get('size', 0))})"
+                else:
+                    size = ""
+
+                result.append(f"{prefix}{branch}{name}{size}")
+
+                if item.get("type") == "directory" and recursion_limit > 0:
+                    result.append(
+                        self.tree(
+                            path=item.get("name", ""),
+                            recursion_limit=recursion_limit - 1,
+                            max_display=max_display,
+                            display_size=display_size,
+                            prefix=new_prefix,
+                            is_last=is_last_item,
+                            first=False,
+                            indent_size=indent_size,
+                        )
+                    )
+
+            if remaining_count > 0:
+                more_message = f"{remaining_count} more item(s) not displayed."
+                result.append(
+                    f"{prefix}{'└' + ('─' * (indent_size - 2))} {more_message}"
+                )
+
+        return "\n".join(_ for _ in result if _)
+
+    # ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    # Aliases
+
+    def read_bytes(self, path, start=None, end=None, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.cat_file`."""
+        return self.cat_file(path, start=start, end=end, **kwargs)
+
+    def write_bytes(self, path, value, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.pipe_file`."""
+        self.pipe_file(path, value, **kwargs)
+
+    def makedir(self, path, create_parents=True, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.mkdir`."""
+        return self.mkdir(path, create_parents=create_parents, **kwargs)
+
+    def mkdirs(self, path, exist_ok=False):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.makedirs`."""
+        return self.makedirs(path, exist_ok=exist_ok)
+
+    def listdir(self, path, detail=True, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.ls`."""
+        return self.ls(path, detail=detail, **kwargs)
+
+    def cp(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.copy`."""
+        return self.copy(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def move(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.mv`."""
+        return self.mv(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def stat(self, path, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.info`."""
+        return self.info(path, **kwargs)
+
+    def disk_usage(self, path, total=True, maxdepth=None, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.du`."""
+        return self.du(path, total=total, maxdepth=maxdepth, **kwargs)
+
+    def rename(self, path1, path2, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.mv`."""
+        return self.mv(path1, path2, **kwargs)
+
+    def delete(self, path, recursive=False, maxdepth=None):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.rm`."""
+        return self.rm(path, recursive=recursive, maxdepth=maxdepth)
+
+    def upload(self, lpath, rpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.put`."""
+        return self.put(lpath, rpath, recursive=recursive, **kwargs)
+
+    def download(self, rpath, lpath, recursive=False, **kwargs):
+        """Alias of `AbstractFileSystem.get`."""
+        return self.get(rpath, lpath, recursive=recursive, **kwargs)
+
+    def sign(self, path, expiration=100, **kwargs):
+        """Create a signed URL representing the given path
+
+        Some implementations allow temporary URLs to be generated, as a
+        way of delegating credentials.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        path : str
+             The path on the filesystem
+        expiration : int
+            Number of seconds to enable the URL for (if supported)
+
+        Returns
+        -------
+        URL : str
+            The signed URL
+
+        Raises
+        ------
+        NotImplementedError : if method is not implemented for a filesystem
+        """
+        raise NotImplementedError("Sign is not implemented for this filesystem")
+
+    def _isfilestore(self):
+        # Originally inherited from pyarrow DaskFileSystem. Keeping this
+        # here for backwards compatibility as long as pyarrow uses its
+        # legacy fsspec-compatible filesystems and thus accepts fsspec
+        # filesystems as well
+        return False
+
+
+class AbstractBufferedFile(io.IOBase):
+    """Convenient class to derive from to provide buffering
+
+    In the case that the backend does not provide a pythonic file-like object
+    already, this class contains much of the logic to build one. The only
+    methods that need to be overridden are ``_upload_chunk``,
+    ``_initiate_upload`` and ``_fetch_range``.
+    """
+
+    DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 5 * 2**20
+    _details = None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        fs,
+        path,
+        mode="rb",
+        block_size="default",
+        autocommit=True,
+        cache_type="readahead",
+        cache_options=None,
+        size=None,
+        **kwargs,
+    ):
+        """
+        Template for files with buffered reading and writing
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fs: instance of FileSystem
+        path: str
+            location in file-system
+        mode: str
+            Normal file modes. Currently only 'wb', 'ab' or 'rb'. Some file
+            systems may be read-only, and some may not support append.
+        block_size: int
+            Buffer size for reading or writing, 'default' for class default
+        autocommit: bool
+            Whether to write to final destination; may only impact what
+            happens when file is being closed.
+        cache_type: {"readahead", "none", "mmap", "bytes"}, default "readahead"
+            Caching policy in read mode. See the definitions in ``core``.
+        cache_options : dict
+            Additional options passed to the constructor for the cache specified
+            by `cache_type`.
+        size: int
+            If given and in read mode, suppressed having to look up the file size
+        kwargs:
+            Gets stored as self.kwargs
+        """
+        from .core import caches
+
+        self.path = path
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.mode = mode
+        self.blocksize = (
+            self.DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE if block_size in ["default", None] else block_size
+        )
+        self.loc = 0
+        self.autocommit = autocommit
+        self.end = None
+        self.start = None
+        self.closed = False
+
+        if cache_options is None:
+            cache_options = {}
+
+        if "trim" in kwargs:
+            warnings.warn(
+                "Passing 'trim' to control the cache behavior has been deprecated. "
+                "Specify it within the 'cache_options' argument instead.",
+                FutureWarning,
+            )
+            cache_options["trim"] = kwargs.pop("trim")
+
+        self.kwargs = kwargs
+
+        if mode not in {"ab", "rb", "wb", "xb"}:
+            raise NotImplementedError("File mode not supported")
+        if mode == "rb":
+            if size is not None:
+                self.size = size
+            else:
+                self.size = self.details["size"]
+            self.cache = caches[cache_type](
+                self.blocksize, self._fetch_range, self.size, **cache_options
+            )
+        else:
+            self.buffer = io.BytesIO()
+            self.offset = None
+            self.forced = False
+            self.location = None
+
+    @property
+    def details(self):
+        if self._details is None:
+            self._details = self.fs.info(self.path)
+        return self._details
+
+    @details.setter
+    def details(self, value):
+        self._details = value
+        self.size = value["size"]
+
+    @property
+    def full_name(self):
+        return _unstrip_protocol(self.path, self.fs)
+
+    @property
+    def closed(self):
+        # get around this attr being read-only in IOBase
+        # use getattr here, since this can be called during del
+        return getattr(self, "_closed", True)
+
+    @closed.setter
+    def closed(self, c):
+        self._closed = c
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        if "w" in self.mode:
+            return id(self)
+        else:
+            return int(tokenize(self.details), 16)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        """Files are equal if they have the same checksum, only in read mode"""
+        if self is other:
+            return True
+        return (
+            isinstance(other, type(self))
+            and self.mode == "rb"
+            and other.mode == "rb"
+            and hash(self) == hash(other)
+        )
+
+    def commit(self):
+        """Move from temp to final destination"""
+
+    def discard(self):
+        """Throw away temporary file"""
+
+    def info(self):
+        """File information about this path"""
+        if self.readable():
+            return self.details
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Info not available while writing")
+
+    def tell(self):
+        """Current file location"""
+        return self.loc
+
+    def seek(self, loc, whence=0):
+        """Set current file location
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        loc: int
+            byte location
+        whence: {0, 1, 2}
+            from start of file, current location or end of file, resp.
+        """
+        loc = int(loc)
+        if not self.mode == "rb":
+            raise OSError(ESPIPE, "Seek only available in read mode")
+        if whence == 0:
+            nloc = loc
+        elif whence == 1:
+            nloc = self.loc + loc
+        elif whence == 2:
+            nloc = self.size + loc
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"invalid whence ({whence}, should be 0, 1 or 2)")
+        if nloc < 0:
+            raise ValueError("Seek before start of file")
+        self.loc = nloc
+        return self.loc
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        """
+        Write data to buffer.
+
+        Buffer only sent on flush() or if buffer is greater than
+        or equal to blocksize.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        data: bytes
+            Set of bytes to be written.
+        """
+        if not self.writable():
+            raise ValueError("File not in write mode")
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file.")
+        if self.forced:
+            raise ValueError("This file has been force-flushed, can only close")
+        out = self.buffer.write(data)
+        self.loc += out
+        if self.buffer.tell() >= self.blocksize:
+            self.flush()
+        return out
+
+    def flush(self, force=False):
+        """
+        Write buffered data to backend store.
+
+        Writes the current buffer, if it is larger than the block-size, or if
+        the file is being closed.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        force: bool
+            When closing, write the last block even if it is smaller than
+            blocks are allowed to be. Disallows further writing to this file.
+        """
+
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("Flush on closed file")
+        if force and self.forced:
+            raise ValueError("Force flush cannot be called more than once")
+        if force:
+            self.forced = True
+
+        if self.readable():
+            # no-op to flush on read-mode
+            return
+
+        if not force and self.buffer.tell() < self.blocksize:
+            # Defer write on small block
+            return
+
+        if self.offset is None:
+            # Initialize a multipart upload
+            self.offset = 0
+            try:
+                self._initiate_upload()
+            except Exception:
+                self.closed = True
+                raise
+
+        if self._upload_chunk(final=force) is not False:
+            self.offset += self.buffer.seek(0, 2)
+            self.buffer = io.BytesIO()
+
+    def _upload_chunk(self, final=False):
+        """Write one part of a multi-block file upload
+
+        Parameters
+        ==========
+        final: bool
+            This is the last block, so should complete file, if
+            self.autocommit is True.
+        """
+        # may not yet have been initialized, may need to call _initialize_upload
+
+    def _initiate_upload(self):
+        """Create remote file/upload"""
+        pass
+
+    def _fetch_range(self, start, end):
+        """Get the specified set of bytes from remote"""
+        return self.fs.cat_file(self.path, start=start, end=end)
+
+    def read(self, length=-1):
+        """
+        Return data from cache, or fetch pieces as necessary
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        length: int (-1)
+            Number of bytes to read; if <0, all remaining bytes.
+        """
+        length = -1 if length is None else int(length)
+        if self.mode != "rb":
+            raise ValueError("File not in read mode")
+        if length < 0:
+            length = self.size - self.loc
+        if self.closed:
+            raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file.")
+        if length == 0:
+            # don't even bother calling fetch
+            return b""
+        out = self.cache._fetch(self.loc, self.loc + length)
+
+        logger.debug(
+            "%s read: %i - %i %s",
+            self,
+            self.loc,
+            self.loc + length,
+            self.cache._log_stats(),
+        )
+        self.loc += len(out)
+        return out
+
+    def readinto(self, b):
+        """mirrors builtin file's readinto method
+
+        https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html#io.RawIOBase.readinto
+        """
+        out = memoryview(b).cast("B")
+        data = self.read(out.nbytes)
+        out[: len(data)] = data
+        return len(data)
+
+    def readuntil(self, char=b"\n", blocks=None):
+        """Return data between current position and first occurrence of char
+
+        char is included in the output, except if the end of the tile is
+        encountered first.
+
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        char: bytes
+            Thing to find
+        blocks: None or int
+            How much to read in each go. Defaults to file blocksize - which may
+            mean a new read on every call.
+        """
+        out = []
+        while True:
+            start = self.tell()
+            part = self.read(blocks or self.blocksize)
+            if len(part) == 0:
+                break
+            found = part.find(char)
+            if found > -1:
+                out.append(part[: found + len(char)])
+                self.seek(start + found + len(char))
+                break
+            out.append(part)
+        return b"".join(out)
+
+    def readline(self):
+        """Read until and including the first occurrence of newline character
+
+        Note that, because of character encoding, this is not necessarily a
+        true line ending.
+        """
+        return self.readuntil(b"\n")
+
+    def __next__(self):
+        out = self.readline()
+        if out:
+            return out
+        raise StopIteration
+
+    def __iter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def readlines(self):
+        """Return all data, split by the newline character, including the newline character"""
+        data = self.read()
+        lines = data.split(b"\n")
+        out = [l + b"\n" for l in lines[:-1]]
+        if data.endswith(b"\n"):
+            return out
+        else:
+            return out + [lines[-1]]
+        # return list(self)  ???
+
+    def readinto1(self, b):
+        return self.readinto(b)
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close file
+
+        Finalizes writes, discards cache
+        """
+        if getattr(self, "_unclosable", False):
+            return
+        if self.closed:
+            return
+        try:
+            if self.mode == "rb":
+                cache = getattr(self, "cache", None)
+                if cache is not None:
+                    close = getattr(cache, "close", None)
+                    if callable(close):
+                        close()
+                self.cache = None
+            else:
+                if not getattr(self, "forced", True):
+                    self.flush(force=True)
+
+                if self.fs is not None:
+                    self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.path)
+                    self.fs.invalidate_cache(self.fs._parent(self.path))
+        finally:
+            self.closed = True
+
+    def readable(self):
+        """Whether opened for reading"""
+        return "r" in self.mode and not self.closed
+
+    def seekable(self):
+        """Whether is seekable (only in read mode)"""
+        return self.readable()
+
+    def writable(self):
+        """Whether opened for writing"""
+        return self.mode in {"wb", "ab", "xb"} and not self.closed
+
+    def __reduce__(self):
+        if self.mode != "rb":
+            raise RuntimeError("Pickling a writeable file is not supported")
+
+        return reopen, (
+            self.fs,
+            self.path,
+            self.mode,
+            self.blocksize,
+            self.loc,
+            self.size,
+            self.autocommit,
+            self.cache.name if self.cache else "none",
+            self.kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def __del__(self):
+        if not self.closed:
+            self.close()
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return f"<File-like object {type(self.fs).__name__}, {self.path}>"
+
+    __repr__ = __str__
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+
+def reopen(fs, path, mode, blocksize, loc, size, autocommit, cache_type, kwargs):
+    file = fs.open(
+        path,
+        mode=mode,
+        block_size=blocksize,
+        autocommit=autocommit,
+        cache_type=cache_type,
+        size=size,
+        **kwargs,
+    )
+    if loc > 0:
+        file.seek(loc)
+    return file

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/transaction.py

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+from collections import deque
+
+
+class Transaction:
+    """Filesystem transaction write context
+
+    Gathers files for deferred commit or discard, so that several write
+    operations can be finalized semi-atomically. This works by having this
+    instance as the ``.transaction`` attribute of the given filesystem
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, fs, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fs: FileSystem instance
+        """
+        self.fs = fs
+        self.files = deque()
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        self.start()
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
+        """End transaction and commit, if exit is not due to exception"""
+        # only commit if there was no exception
+        self.complete(commit=exc_type is None)
+        if self.fs:
+            self.fs._intrans = False
+            self.fs._transaction = None
+            self.fs = None
+
+    def start(self):
+        """Start a transaction on this FileSystem"""
+        self.files = deque()  # clean up after previous failed completions
+        self.fs._intrans = True
+
+    def complete(self, commit=True):
+        """Finish transaction: commit or discard all deferred files"""
+        while self.files:
+            f = self.files.popleft()
+            if commit:
+                f.commit()
+            else:
+                f.discard()
+        self.fs._intrans = False
+        self.fs._transaction = None
+        self.fs = None
+
+
+class FileActor:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.files = []
+
+    def commit(self):
+        for f in self.files:
+            f.commit()
+        self.files.clear()
+
+    def discard(self):
+        for f in self.files:
+            f.discard()
+        self.files.clear()
+
+    def append(self, f):
+        self.files.append(f)
+
+
+class DaskTransaction(Transaction):
+    def __init__(self, fs):
+        """
+        Parameters
+        ----------
+        fs: FileSystem instance
+        """
+        import distributed
+
+        super().__init__(fs)
+        client = distributed.default_client()
+        self.files = client.submit(FileActor, actor=True).result()
+
+    def complete(self, commit=True):
+        """Finish transaction: commit or discard all deferred files"""
+        if commit:
+            self.files.commit().result()
+        else:
+            self.files.discard().result()
+        self.fs._intrans = False
+        self.fs = None

.cache/uv/archive-v0/V5c0Q0k7mTLalPi1vkIGO/fsspec/utils.py

@@ -0,0 +1,757 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+import re
+import sys
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence
+from functools import partial
+from hashlib import md5
+from importlib.metadata import version
+from typing import IO, TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar
+from urllib.parse import urlsplit
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    import pathlib
+    from typing import TypeGuard
+
+    from fsspec.spec import AbstractFileSystem
+
+
+DEFAULT_BLOCK_SIZE = 5 * 2**20
+
+T = TypeVar("T")
+
+
+def infer_storage_options(
+    urlpath: str, inherit_storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Infer storage options from URL path and merge it with existing storage
+    options.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    urlpath: str or unicode
+        Either local absolute file path or URL (hdfs://namenode:8020/file.csv)
+    inherit_storage_options: dict (optional)
+        Its contents will get merged with the inferred information from the
+        given path
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Storage options dict.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+    >>> infer_storage_options('/mnt/datasets/test.csv')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    {"protocol": "file", "path", "/mnt/datasets/test.csv"}
+    >>> infer_storage_options(
+    ...     'hdfs://username:pwd@node:123/mnt/datasets/test.csv?q=1',
+    ...     inherit_storage_options={'extra': 'value'},
+    ... )  # doctest: +SKIP
+    {"protocol": "hdfs", "username": "username", "password": "pwd",
+    "host": "node", "port": 123, "path": "/mnt/datasets/test.csv",
+    "url_query": "q=1", "extra": "value"}
+    """
+
+    # Discover Windows paths including disk name in this special case.
+    is_filesystem = re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z]:[\\/]", urlpath)
+
+    # Discover URI according to RFC 3986: Scheme names consist of a
+    # sequence of characters beginning with a letter and followed by
+    # any combination of letters, digits, plus ("+"), period ("."),
+    # or hyphen ("-").
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-3.1
+    is_uri = re.match(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9+.-]+://", urlpath)
+
+    if is_filesystem or is_uri is None:
+        return {"protocol": "file", "path": urlpath}
+
+    parsed_path = urlsplit(urlpath)
+    protocol = parsed_path.scheme or "file"
+    if parsed_path.fragment:
+        path = "#".join([parsed_path.path, parsed_path.fragment])
+    else:
+        path = parsed_path.path
+    if protocol == "file":
+        # Special case parsing file protocol URL on Windows according to:
+        # https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/jj710207.aspx
+        windows_path = re.match(r"^/([a-zA-Z])[:|]([\\/].*)$", path)
+        if windows_path:
+            drive, path = windows_path.groups()
+            path = f"{drive}:{path}"
+
+    if protocol in ["http", "https"]:
+        # for HTTP, we don't want to parse, as requests will anyway
+        return {"protocol": protocol, "path": urlpath}
+
+    options: dict[str, Any] = {"protocol": protocol, "path": path}
+
+    if parsed_path.netloc:
+        # Parse `hostname` from netloc manually because `parsed_path.hostname`
+        # lowercases the hostname which is not always desirable (e.g. in S3):
+        # https://github.com/dask/dask/issues/1417
+        options["host"] = parsed_path.netloc.rsplit("@", 1)[-1].rsplit(":", 1)[0]
+
+        if protocol in ("s3", "s3a", "gcs", "gs"):
+            options["path"] = options["host"] + options["path"]
+        else:
+            options["host"] = options["host"]
+        if parsed_path.port:
+            options["port"] = parsed_path.port
+        if parsed_path.username:
+            options["username"] = parsed_path.username
+        if parsed_path.password:
+            options["password"] = parsed_path.password
+
+    if parsed_path.query:
+        options["url_query"] = parsed_path.query
+    if parsed_path.fragment:
+        options["url_fragment"] = parsed_path.fragment
+
+    if inherit_storage_options:
+        update_storage_options(options, inherit_storage_options)
+
+    return options
+
+
+def update_storage_options(
+    options: dict[str, Any], inherited: dict[str, Any] | None = None
+) -> None:
+    if not inherited:
+        inherited = {}
+    collisions = set(options) & set(inherited)
+    if collisions:
+        for collision in collisions:
+            if options.get(collision) != inherited.get(collision):
+                raise KeyError(
+                    f"Collision between inferred and specified storage "
+                    f"option:\n{collision}"
+                )
+    options.update(inherited)
+
+
+# Compression extensions registered via fsspec.compression.register_compression
+compressions: dict[str, str] = {}
+
+
+def infer_compression(filename: str) -> str | None:
+    """Infer compression, if available, from filename.
+
+    Infer a named compression type, if registered and available, from filename
+    extension. This includes builtin (gz, bz2, zip) compressions, as well as
+    optional compressions. See fsspec.compression.register_compression.
+    """
+    extension = os.path.splitext(filename)[-1].strip(".").lower()
+    if extension in compressions:
+        return compressions[extension]
+    return None
+
+
+def build_name_function(max_int: float) -> Callable[[int], str]:
+    """Returns a function that receives a single integer
+    and returns it as a string padded by enough zero characters
+    to align with maximum possible integer
+
+    >>> name_f = build_name_function(57)
+
+    >>> name_f(7)
+    '07'
+    >>> name_f(31)
+    '31'
+    >>> build_name_function(1000)(42)
+    '0042'
+    >>> build_name_function(999)(42)
+    '042'
+    >>> build_name_function(0)(0)
+    '0'
+    """
+    # handle corner cases max_int is 0 or exact power of 10
+    max_int += 1e-8
+
+    pad_length = int(math.ceil(math.log10(max_int)))
+
+    def name_function(i: int) -> str:
+        return str(i).zfill(pad_length)
+
+    return name_function
+
+
+def seek_delimiter(file: IO[bytes], delimiter: bytes, blocksize: int) -> bool:
+    r"""Seek current file to file start, file end, or byte after delimiter seq.
+
+    Seeks file to next chunk delimiter, where chunks are defined on file start,
+    a delimiting sequence, and file end. Use file.tell() to see location afterwards.
+    Note that file start is a valid split, so must be at offset > 0 to seek for
+    delimiter.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    file: a file
+    delimiter: bytes
+        a delimiter like ``b'\n'`` or message sentinel, matching file .read() type
+    blocksize: int
+        Number of bytes to read from the file at once.
+
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    Returns True if a delimiter was found, False if at file start or end.
+
+    """
+
+    if file.tell() == 0:
+        # beginning-of-file, return without seek
+        return False
+
+    # Interface is for binary IO, with delimiter as bytes, but initialize last
+    # with result of file.read to preserve compatibility with text IO.
+    last: bytes | None = None
+    while True:
+        current = file.read(blocksize)
+        if not current:
+            # end-of-file without delimiter
+            return False
+        full = last + current if last else current
+        try:
+            if delimiter in full:
+                i = full.index(delimiter)
+                file.seek(file.tell() - (len(full) - i) + len(delimiter))
+                return True
+            elif len(current) < blocksize:
+                # end-of-file without delimiter
+                return False
+        except (OSError, ValueError):
+            pass
+        last = full[-len(delimiter) :]
+
+
+def read_block(
+    f: IO[bytes],
+    offset: int,
+    length: int | None,
+    delimiter: bytes | None = None,
+    split_before: bool = False,
+) -> bytes:
+    """Read a block of bytes from a file
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    f: File
+        Open file
+    offset: int
+        Byte offset to start read
+    length: int
+        Number of bytes to read, read through end of file if None
+    delimiter: bytes (optional)
+        Ensure reading starts and stops at delimiter bytestring
+    split_before: bool (optional)
+        Start/stop read *before* delimiter bytestring.
+
+
+    If using the ``delimiter=`` keyword argument we ensure that the read
+    starts and stops at delimiter boundaries that follow the locations
+    ``offset`` and ``offset + length``.  If ``offset`` is zero then we
+    start at zero, regardless of delimiter.  The bytestring returned WILL
+    include the terminating delimiter string.
+
+    Examples
+    --------
+
+    >>> from io import BytesIO  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> f = BytesIO(b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\nCharlie, 300')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    >>> read_block(f, 0, 13)  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Alice, 100\\nBo'
+
+    >>> read_block(f, 0, 13, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Alice, 100\\nBob, 200\\n'
+
+    >>> read_block(f, 10, 10, delimiter=b'\\n')  # doctest: +SKIP
+    b'Bob, 200\\nCharlie, 300'
+    """
+    if delimiter:
+        f.seek(offset)
+        found_start_delim = seek_delimiter(f, delimiter, 2**16)
+        if length is None:
+            return f.read()
+        start = f.tell()
+        length -= start - offset
+
+        f.seek(start + length)
+        found_end_delim = seek_delimiter(f, delimiter, 2**16)
+        end = f.tell()
+
+        # Adjust split location to before delimiter if seek found the
+        # delimiter sequence, not start or end of file.
+        if found_start_delim and split_before:
+            start -= len(delimiter)
+
+        if found_end_delim and split_before:
+            end -= len(delimiter)
+
+        offset = start
+        length = end - start
+
+    f.seek(offset)
+
+    # TODO: allow length to be None and read to the end of the file?
+    assert length is not None
+    b = f.read(length)
+    return b
+
+
+def tokenize(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> str:
+    """Deterministic token
+
+    (modified from dask.base)
+
+    >>> tokenize([1, 2, '3'])
+    '9d71491b50023b06fc76928e6eddb952'
+
+    >>> tokenize('Hello') == tokenize('Hello')
+    True
+    """
+    if kwargs:
+        args += (kwargs,)
+    try:
+        h = md5(str(args).encode())
+    except ValueError:
+        # FIPS systems: https://github.com/fsspec/filesystem_spec/issues/380
+        h = md5(str(args).encode(), usedforsecurity=False)
+    return h.hexdigest()
+
+
+def stringify_path(filepath: str | os.PathLike[str] | pathlib.Path) -> str:
+    """Attempt to convert a path-like object to a string.
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    filepath: object to be converted
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    filepath_str: maybe a string version of the object
+
+    Notes
+    -----
+    Objects supporting the fspath protocol are coerced according to its
+    __fspath__ method.
+
+    For backwards compatibility with older Python version, pathlib.Path
+    objects are specially coerced.
+
+    Any other object is passed through unchanged, which includes bytes,
+    strings, buffers, or anything else that's not even path-like.
+    """
+    if isinstance(filepath, str):
+        return filepath
+    elif hasattr(filepath, "__fspath__"):
+        return filepath.__fspath__()
+    elif hasattr(filepath, "path"):
+        return filepath.path
+    else:
+        return filepath  # type: ignore[return-value]
+
+
+def make_instance(
+    cls: Callable[..., T], args: Sequence[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]
+) -> T:
+    inst = cls(*args, **kwargs)
+    inst._determine_worker()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    return inst
+
+
+def common_prefix(paths: Iterable[str]) -> str:
+    """For a list of paths, find the shortest prefix common to all"""
+    parts = [p.split("/") for p in paths]
+    lmax = min(len(p) for p in parts)
+    end = 0
+    for i in range(lmax):
+        end = all(p[i] == parts[0][i] for p in parts)
+        if not end:
+            break
+    i += end
+    return "/".join(parts[0][:i])
+
+
+def other_paths(
+    paths: list[str],
+    path2: str | list[str],
+    exists: bool = False,
+    flatten: bool = False,
+) -> list[str]:
+    """In bulk file operations, construct a new file tree from a list of files
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    paths: list of str
+        The input file tree
+    path2: str or list of str
+        Root to construct the new list in. If this is already a list of str, we just
+        assert it has the right number of elements.
+    exists: bool (optional)
+        For a str destination, it is already exists (and is a dir), files should
+        end up inside.
+    flatten: bool (optional)
+        Whether to flatten the input directory tree structure so that the output files
+        are in the same directory.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    list of str
+    """
+
+    if isinstance(path2, str):
+        path2 = path2.rstrip("/")
+
+        if flatten:
+            path2 = ["/".join((path2, p.split("/")[-1])) for p in paths]
+        else:
+            cp = common_prefix(paths)
+            if exists:
+                cp = cp.rsplit("/", 1)[0]
+            if not cp and all(not s.startswith("/") for s in paths):
+                path2 = ["/".join([path2, p]) for p in paths]
+            else:
+                path2 = [p.replace(cp, path2, 1) for p in paths]
+    else:
+        assert len(paths) == len(path2)
+    return path2
+
+
+def is_exception(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    return isinstance(obj, BaseException)
+
+
+def isfilelike(f: Any) -> TypeGuard[IO[bytes]]:
+    return all(hasattr(f, attr) for attr in ["read", "close", "tell"])
+
+
+def get_protocol(url: str) -> str:
+    url = stringify_path(url)
+    parts = re.split(r"(\:\:|\://)", url, maxsplit=1)
+    if len(parts) > 1:
+        return parts[0]
+    return "file"
+
+
+def get_file_extension(url: str) -> str:
+    url = stringify_path(url)
+    # Only consider the final path component: a "." in a parent directory name
+    # (e.g. "/path/to.dir/file") is not the file's extension.
+    ext_parts = url.rsplit("/", 1)[-1].rsplit(".", 1)
+    if len(ext_parts) > 1:
+        return ext_parts[-1]
+    return ""
+
+
+def can_be_local(path: str) -> bool:
+    """Can the given URL be used with open_local?"""
+    from fsspec import get_filesystem_class
+
+    try:
+        return getattr(get_filesystem_class(get_protocol(path)), "local_file", False)
+    except (ValueError, ImportError):
+        # not in registry or import failed
+        return False
+
+
+def get_package_version_without_import(name: str) -> str | None:
+    """For given package name, try to find the version without importing it
+
+    Import and package.__version__ is still the backup here, so an import
+    *might* happen.
+
+    Returns either the version string, or None if the package
+    or the version was not readily  found.
+    """
+    if name in sys.modules:
+        mod = sys.modules[name]
+        if hasattr(mod, "__version__"):
+            return mod.__version__
+    try:
+        return version(name)
+    except:  # noqa: E722
+        pass
+    try:
+        import importlib
+
+        mod = importlib.import_module(name)
+        return mod.__version__
+    except (ImportError, AttributeError):
+        return None
+
+
+def setup_logging(
+    logger: logging.Logger | None = None,
+    logger_name: str | None = None,
+    level: str = "DEBUG",
+    clear: bool = True,
+) -> logging.Logger:
+    if logger is None and logger_name is None:
+        raise ValueError("Provide either logger object or logger name")
+    logger = logger or logging.getLogger(logger_name)
+    handle = logging.StreamHandler()
+    formatter = logging.Formatter(
+        "%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(funcName)s -- %(message)s"
+    )
+    handle.setFormatter(formatter)
+    if clear:
+        logger.handlers.clear()
+    logger.addHandler(handle)
+    logger.setLevel(level)
+    return logger
+
+
+def _unstrip_protocol(name: str, fs: AbstractFileSystem) -> str:
+    return fs.unstrip_protocol(name)
+
+
+def mirror_from(
+    origin_name: str, methods: Iterable[str]
+) -> Callable[[type[T]], type[T]]:
+    """Mirror attributes and methods from the given
+    origin_name attribute of the instance to the
+    decorated class"""
+
+    def origin_getter(method: str, self: Any) -> Any:
+        origin = getattr(self, origin_name)
+        return getattr(origin, method)
+
+    def wrapper(cls: type[T]) -> type[T]:
+        for method in methods:
+            wrapped_method = partial(origin_getter, method)
+            setattr(cls, method, property(wrapped_method))
+        return cls
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def nullcontext(obj: T) -> Iterator[T]:
+    yield obj
+
+
+def merge_offset_ranges(
+    paths: list[str],
+    starts: list[int] | int,
+    ends: list[int] | int,
+    max_gap: int = 0,
+    max_block: int | None = None,
+    sort: bool = True,
+) -> tuple[list[str], list[int], list[int]]:
+    """Merge adjacent byte-offset ranges when the inter-range
+    gap is <= `max_gap`, and when the merged byte range does not
+    exceed `max_block` (if specified). By default, this function
+    will re-order the input paths and byte ranges to ensure sorted
+    order. If the user can guarantee that the inputs are already
+    sorted, passing `sort=False` will skip the re-ordering.
+    """
+    # Check input
+    if not isinstance(paths, list):
+        raise TypeError
+    if not isinstance(starts, list):
+        starts = [starts] * len(paths)
+    if not isinstance(ends, list):
+        ends = [ends] * len(paths)
+    if len(starts) != len(paths) or len(ends) != len(paths):
+        raise ValueError
+
+    # Early Return
+    if len(starts) <= 1:
+        return paths, starts, ends
+
+    starts = [s or 0 for s in starts]
+    # Sort by paths and then ranges if `sort=True`
+    if sort:
+        paths, starts, ends = (
+            list(v)
+            for v in zip(
+                *sorted(
+                    zip(paths, starts, ends),
+                )
+            )
+        )
+    remove = []
+    for i, (path, start, end) in enumerate(zip(paths, starts, ends)):
+        if any(
+            e is not None and p == path and start >= s and end <= e and i != i2
+            for i2, (p, s, e) in enumerate(zip(paths, starts, ends))
+        ):
+            remove.append(i)
+    paths = [p for i, p in enumerate(paths) if i not in remove]
+    starts = [s for i, s in enumerate(starts) if i not in remove]
+    ends = [e for i, e in enumerate(ends) if i not in remove]
+
+    if paths:
+        # Loop through the coupled `paths`, `starts`, and
+        # `ends`, and merge adjacent blocks when appropriate
+        new_paths = paths[:1]
+        new_starts = starts[:1]
+        new_ends = ends[:1]
+        for i in range(1, len(paths)):
+            if paths[i] == paths[i - 1] and new_ends[-1] is None:
+                continue
+            elif (
+                paths[i] != paths[i - 1]
+                or ((starts[i] - new_ends[-1]) > max_gap)
+                or (max_block is not None and (ends[i] - new_starts[-1]) > max_block)
+            ):
+                # Cannot merge with previous block.
+                # Add new `paths`, `starts`, and `ends` elements
+                new_paths.append(paths[i])
+                new_starts.append(starts[i])
+                new_ends.append(ends[i])
+            else:
+                # Merge with the previous block by updating the
+                # last element of `ends`
+                new_ends[-1] = ends[i]
+        return new_paths, new_starts, new_ends
+
+    # `paths` is empty. Just return input lists
+    return paths, starts, ends
+
+
+def file_size(filelike: IO[bytes]) -> int:
+    """Find length of any open read-mode file-like"""
+    pos = filelike.tell()
+    try:
+        return filelike.seek(0, 2)
+    finally:
+        filelike.seek(pos)
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def atomic_write(path: str, mode: str = "wb"):
+    """
+    A context manager that opens a temporary file next to `path` and, on exit,
+    replaces `path` with the temporary file, thereby updating `path`
+    atomically.
+    """
+    fd, fn = tempfile.mkstemp(
+        dir=os.path.dirname(path), prefix=os.path.basename(path) + "-"
+    )
+    try:
+        with open(fd, mode) as fp:
+            yield fp
+    except BaseException:
+        with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            os.unlink(fn)
+        raise
+    else:
+        os.replace(fn, path)
+
+
+def _translate(pat, STAR, QUESTION_MARK):
+    # Copied from: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/106703.
+    res: list[str] = []
+    add = res.append
+    i, n = 0, len(pat)
+    while i < n:
+        c = pat[i]
+        i = i + 1
+        if c == "*":
+            # compress consecutive `*` into one
+            if (not res) or res[-1] is not STAR:
+                add(STAR)
+        elif c == "?":
+            add(QUESTION_MARK)
+        elif c == "[":
+            j = i
+            if j < n and pat[j] == "!":
+                j = j + 1
+            if j < n and pat[j] == "]":
+                j = j + 1
+            while j < n and pat[j] != "]":
+                j = j + 1
+            if j >= n:
+                add("\\[")
+            else:
+                stuff = pat[i:j]
+                if "-" not in stuff:
+                    stuff = stuff.replace("\\", r"\\")
+                else:
+                    chunks = []
+                    k = i + 2 if pat[i] == "!" else i + 1
+                    while True:
+                        k = pat.find("-", k, j)
+                        if k < 0:
+                            break
+                        chunks.append(pat[i:k])
+                        i = k + 1
+                        k = k + 3
+                    chunk = pat[i:j]
+                    if chunk:
+                        chunks.append(chunk)
+                    else:
+                        chunks[-1] += "-"
+                    # Remove empty ranges -- invalid in RE.
+                    for k in range(len(chunks) - 1, 0, -1):
+                        if chunks[k - 1][-1] > chunks[k][0]:
+                            chunks[k - 1] = chunks[k - 1][:-1] + chunks[k][1:]
+                            del chunks[k]
+                    # Escape backslashes and hyphens for set difference (--).
+                    # Hyphens that create ranges shouldn't be escaped.
+                    stuff = "-".join(
+                        s.replace("\\", r"\\").replace("-", r"\-") for s in chunks
+                    )
+                # Escape set operations (&&, ~~ and ||).
+                stuff = re.sub(r"([&~|])", r"\\\1", stuff)
+                i = j + 1
+                if not stuff:
+                    # Empty range: never match.
+                    add("(?!)")
+                elif stuff == "!":
+                    # Negated empty range: match any character.
+                    add(".")
+                else:
+                    if stuff[0] == "!":
+                        stuff = "^" + stuff[1:]
+                    elif stuff[0] in ("^", "["):
+                        stuff = "\\" + stuff
+                    add(f"[{stuff}]")
+        else:
+            add(re.escape(c))
+    assert i == n
+    return res
+
+
+def glob_translate(pat):
+    # Copied from: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/106703.
+    # The keyword parameters' values are fixed to:
+    # recursive=True, include_hidden=True, seps=None
+    """Translate a pathname with shell wildcards to a regular expression."""
+    if os.path.altsep:
+        seps = os.path.sep + os.path.altsep
+    else:
+        seps = os.path.sep
+    escaped_seps = "".join(map(re.escape, seps))
+    any_sep = f"[{escaped_seps}]" if len(seps) > 1 else escaped_seps
+    not_sep = f"[^{escaped_seps}]"
+    one_last_segment = f"{not_sep}+"
+    one_segment = f"{one_last_segment}{any_sep}"
+    any_segments = f"(?:.+{any_sep})?"
+    any_last_segments = ".*"
+    results = []
+    parts = re.split(any_sep, pat)
+    last_part_idx = len(parts) - 1
+    for idx, part in enumerate(parts):
+        if part == "*":
+            results.append(one_segment if idx < last_part_idx else one_last_segment)
+            continue
+        if part == "**":
+            results.append(any_segments if idx < last_part_idx else any_last_segments)
+            continue
+        elif "**" in part:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "Invalid pattern: '**' can only be an entire path component"
+            )
+        if part:
+            results.extend(_translate(part, f"{not_sep}*", not_sep))
+        if idx < last_part_idx:
+            results.append(any_sep)
+    res = "".join(results)
+    return rf"(?s:{res})\Z"

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/_hot_reload/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/_hot_reload/sse_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+"""
+Vendored file: Server Side Events (SSE) client for Python.
+
+Source:
+- Author: Maxime Petazzoni <maxime.petazzoni@bulix.org>
+- Repository: https://github.com/mpetazzoni/sseclient
+- File: https://github.com/mpetazzoni/sseclient/blob/main/sseclient/__init__.py
+
+License:
+- Apache-2.0 (from upstream project)
+
+Provides a generator of SSE received through an existing HTTP response.
+"""
+
+import logging
+
+__author__ = 'Maxime Petazzoni <maxime.petazzoni@bulix.org>'
+__email__ = 'maxime.petazzoni@bulix.org'
+__all__ = ['SSEClient']
+
+_FIELD_SEPARATOR = ':'
+
+
+class SSEClient:
+    """Implementation of a SSE client.
+
+    See http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-eventsource-20091029/ for the
+    specification.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, event_source, char_enc='utf-8'):
+        """Initialize the SSE client over an existing, ready to consume
+        event source.
+
+        The event source is expected to be a binary stream and have a close()
+        method. That would usually be something that implements
+        io.BinaryIOBase, like an httplib or urllib3 HTTPResponse object.
+        """
+        self._logger = logging.getLogger(self.__class__.__module__)
+        self._logger.debug('Initialized SSE client from event source %s',
+                           event_source)
+        self._event_source = event_source
+        self._char_enc = char_enc
+
+    def _read(self):
+        """Read the incoming event source stream and yield event chunks.
+
+        Unfortunately it is possible for some servers to decide to break an
+        event into multiple HTTP chunks in the response. It is thus necessary
+        to correctly stitch together consecutive response chunks and find the
+        SSE delimiter (empty new line) to yield full, correct event chunks."""
+        data = b''
+        for chunk in self._event_source:
+            for line in chunk.splitlines(True):
+                data += line
+                if data.endswith((b'\r\r', b'\n\n', b'\r\n\r\n')):
+                    yield data
+                    data = b''
+        if data:
+            yield data
+
+    def events(self):
+        for chunk in self._read():
+            event = Event()
+            # Split before decoding so splitlines() only uses \r and \n
+            for line in chunk.splitlines():
+                # Decode the line.
+                line = line.decode(self._char_enc)
+
+                # Lines starting with a separator are comments and are to be
+                # ignored.
+                if not line.strip() or line.startswith(_FIELD_SEPARATOR):
+                    continue
+
+                data = line.split(_FIELD_SEPARATOR, 1)
+                field = data[0]
+
+                # Ignore unknown fields.
+                if field not in event.__dict__:
+                    self._logger.debug('Saw invalid field %s while parsing '
+                                       'Server Side Event', field)
+                    continue
+
+                if len(data) > 1:
+                    # From the spec:
+                    # "If value starts with a single U+0020 SPACE character,
+                    # remove it from value."
+                    if data[1].startswith(' '):
+                        value = data[1][1:]
+                    else:
+                        value = data[1]
+                else:
+                    # If no value is present after the separator,
+                    # assume an empty value.
+                    value = ''
+
+                # The data field may come over multiple lines and their values
+                # are concatenated with each other.
+                if field == 'data':
+                    event.__dict__[field] += value + '\n'
+                else:
+                    event.__dict__[field] = value
+
+            # Events with no data are not dispatched.
+            if not event.data:
+                continue
+
+            # If the data field ends with a newline, remove it.
+            if event.data.endswith('\n'):
+                event.data = event.data[0:-1]
+
+            # Empty event names default to 'message'
+            event.event = event.event or 'message'
+
+            # Dispatch the event
+            self._logger.debug('Dispatching %s...', event)
+            yield event
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Manually close the event source stream."""
+        self._event_source.close()
+
+
+class Event:
+    """Representation of an event from the event stream."""
+
+    def __init__(self, id=None, event='message', data='', retry=None):
+        self.id = id
+        self.event = event
+        self.data = data
+        self.retry = retry
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        s = f'{self.event} event'
+        if self.id:
+            s += f' #{self.id}'
+        if self.data:
+            s += ', {} byte{}'.format(len(self.data),
+                                        's' if len(self.data) else '')
+        else:
+            s += ', no data'
+        if self.retry:
+            s += f', retry in {self.retry}ms'
+        return s

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/_hot_reload/types.py

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+from typing import Literal, TypedDict
+
+from typing_extensions import NotRequired
+
+
+class ReloadRegion(TypedDict):
+    startLine: int
+    startCol: int
+    endLine: int
+    endCol: int
+
+
+class ReloadOperationObject(TypedDict):
+    kind: Literal["add", "update", "delete"]
+    region: ReloadRegion
+    objectType: str
+    objectName: str
+
+
+class ReloadOperationRun(TypedDict):
+    kind: Literal["run"]
+    region: ReloadRegion
+    codeLines: str
+    stdout: NotRequired[str]
+    stderr: NotRequired[str]
+
+
+class ReloadOperationException(TypedDict):
+    kind: Literal["exception"]
+    region: ReloadRegion
+    traceback: str
+
+
+class ReloadOperationError(TypedDict):
+    kind: Literal["error"]
+    traceback: str
+
+
+class ReloadOperationUI(TypedDict):
+    kind: Literal["ui"]
+    updated: bool
+
+
+class ReloadOperationFile(TypedDict):
+    kind: Literal["file"]
+    created: bool
+
+
+class ApiCreateReloadRequest(TypedDict):
+    filepath: str
+    contents: str
+    reloadId: NotRequired[str]
+
+
+class ApiCreateReloadResponseSuccess(TypedDict):
+    status: Literal["created"]
+    reloadId: str
+
+
+class ApiCreateReloadResponseError(TypedDict):
+    status: Literal["alreadyReloading", "fileNotFound"]
+
+
+class ApiCreateReloadResponse(TypedDict):
+    res: ApiCreateReloadResponseError | ApiCreateReloadResponseSuccess
+
+
+class ApiGetReloadRequest(TypedDict):
+    reloadId: str
+
+
+class ApiGetReloadEventSourceData(TypedDict):
+    data: (
+        ReloadOperationError
+        | ReloadOperationException
+        | ReloadOperationObject
+        | ReloadOperationRun
+        | ReloadOperationUI
+        | ReloadOperationFile
+    )
+
+
+class ApiGetStatusRequest(TypedDict):
+    revision: str
+
+
+class ApiGetStatusResponse(TypedDict):
+    reloading: bool
+    uncommited: list[str]
+
+
+class ApiFetchContentsRequest(TypedDict):
+    filepath: str
+
+
+class ApiFetchContentsResponseError(TypedDict):
+    status: Literal["fileNotFound"]
+
+
+class ApiFetchContentsResponseSuccess(TypedDict):
+    status: Literal["ok"]
+    contents: str
+
+
+class ApiFetchContentsResponse(TypedDict):
+    res: ApiFetchContentsResponseError | ApiFetchContentsResponseSuccess

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Copyright 2025 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+from huggingface_hub.cli._output import out  # noqa: F401

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_city_game.py

@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+"""Interactive isometric city explorer — easter egg for `hf repos ls --explore`."""
+
+import dataclasses
+import math
+import os
+import random
+import re
+import select
+import shutil
+import sys
+import time
+
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import RepoStorageInfo
+
+from ._file_listing import format_size
+
+
+Color = tuple[int, int, int]
+
+# (top_face, left_face, right_face) — lighter to darker for 3D effect
+_TYPE_COLORS: dict[str, tuple[Color, Color, Color]] = {
+    "model": ((175, 148, 240), (138, 112, 208), (105, 80, 180)),
+    "dataset": ((245, 128, 128), (222, 92, 92), (190, 60, 60)),
+    "space": ((245, 175, 85), (218, 140, 55), (185, 110, 30)),
+    "bucket": ((112, 185, 242), (70, 150, 220), (40, 118, 192)),
+}
+_EXTRA_COLORS: tuple[Color, Color, Color] = ((168, 176, 188), (128, 136, 148), (90, 98, 110))
+_GRID_COLOR: Color = (178, 182, 190)
+
+_DX = 4  # isometric half-width (pixels)
+_DY = 2  # isometric half-height (pixels)
+_MAX_H = 16  # tallest tile (pixels)
+_MIN_H = 1
+_COLS = 6
+_EXT = 1  # grid extension beyond tiles
+_MAX_TILES = 30
+
+# Cursor sprite — pixel art arrow pointer
+_OUTLINE: Color = (30, 30, 30)
+_FILL: Color = (255, 255, 255)
+
+_CURSOR_GRID = [
+    "  X  ",
+    " XWX ",
+    "XWWWX",
+    " XWX ",
+    "  X  ",
+]
+_CURSOR_PALETTE: dict[str, Color] = {
+    "X": _OUTLINE,
+    "W": _FILL,
+}
+_CURSOR_H = len(_CURSOR_GRID)
+
+_MOVE_FRAMES = 8
+_MOVE_DELAY = 0.03
+_CURSOR_PAD = _CURSOR_H + 16
+_GAP = 3
+_MIN_TERM_W = 100
+_MIN_TERM_H = 24
+_SUMMARY_W = 24
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Data structures
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class TileInfo:
+    grid_row: int
+    grid_col: int
+    height: int
+    top: Color
+    left: Color
+    right: Color
+    repo: RepoStorageInfo | None
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CityData:
+    tiles: list[TileInfo]
+    rows: int
+    cols: int
+    x_off: int
+    y_off: int
+    buf_w: int
+    buf_h: int
+    total_storage: int
+    extra_count: int
+    extra_storage: int
+    all_repos: list[RepoStorageInfo]
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# City layout
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _prepare_city_data(repos: list[RepoStorageInfo]) -> CityData:
+    sorted_repos = sorted(repos, key=lambda r: r.storage, reverse=True)
+    display = sorted_repos[:_MAX_TILES]
+    extra_count = max(0, len(sorted_repos) - _MAX_TILES)
+    extra_storage = sum(r.storage for r in sorted_repos[_MAX_TILES:])
+    total_storage = sum(r.storage for r in repos)
+    max_storage = max(1, display[0].storage)
+
+    n = len(display) + (1 if extra_count > 0 else 0)
+    cols = min(n, _COLS)
+    rows = math.ceil(n / cols) if cols > 0 else 1
+
+    tiles: list[TileInfo] = []
+    for i, repo in enumerate(display):
+        r, c = divmod(i, cols)
+        h = max(_MIN_H, round(math.sqrt(repo.storage / max_storage) * _MAX_H))
+        top, left, right = _TYPE_COLORS.get(repo.type, _EXTRA_COLORS)
+        tiles.append(TileInfo(r, c, h, top, left, right, repo))
+    if extra_count > 0:
+        r, c = divmod(len(display), cols)
+        h = max(_MIN_H, round(math.sqrt(extra_storage / max_storage) * _MAX_H))
+        tiles.append(TileInfo(r, c, h, *_EXTRA_COLORS, None))
+
+    r_lo, r_hi = -_EXT, rows - 1 + _EXT
+    c_lo, c_hi = -_EXT, cols - 1 + _EXT
+
+    xs: list[int] = []
+    ys: list[int] = []
+    for rr in range(r_lo, r_hi + 1):
+        for cc in range(c_lo, c_hi + 1):
+            cx, cy = (cc - rr) * _DX, (cc + rr) * _DY
+            xs.extend([cx - _DX, cx + _DX])
+            ys.extend([cy, cy + 2 * _DY])
+    for tile in tiles:
+        ys.append((tile.grid_col + tile.grid_row) * _DY - tile.height)
+
+    x_off = -min(xs)
+    y_off = -min(ys)
+    buf_w = max(xs) - min(xs) + 1
+    buf_h = max(ys) - min(ys) + 1
+    if buf_h % 2:
+        buf_h += 1
+
+    return CityData(
+        tiles=tiles,
+        rows=rows,
+        cols=cols,
+        x_off=x_off,
+        y_off=y_off,
+        buf_w=buf_w,
+        buf_h=buf_h,
+        total_storage=total_storage,
+        extra_count=extra_count,
+        extra_storage=extra_storage,
+        all_repos=repos,
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Drawing primitives
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _draw_diamond_outline(buf: list[list[Color | None]], cx: int, cy: int) -> None:
+    t = (cx, cy)
+    r = (cx + _DX, cy + _DY)
+    b = (cx, cy + 2 * _DY)
+    ll = (cx - _DX, cy + _DY)
+    _draw_line(buf, *t, *r, _GRID_COLOR)
+    _draw_line(buf, *r, *b, _GRID_COLOR)
+    _draw_line(buf, *b, *ll, _GRID_COLOR)
+    _draw_line(buf, *ll, *t, _GRID_COLOR)
+
+
+def _draw_block(
+    buf: list[list[Color | None]],
+    cx: int,
+    cy: int,
+    h: int,
+    top: Color,
+    left: Color,
+    right: Color,
+) -> None:
+    _fill_poly(
+        buf,
+        [(cx - _DX, cy + _DY - h), (cx, cy + 2 * _DY - h), (cx, cy + 2 * _DY), (cx - _DX, cy + _DY)],
+        left,
+    )
+    _fill_poly(
+        buf,
+        [(cx, cy + 2 * _DY - h), (cx + _DX, cy + _DY - h), (cx + _DX, cy + _DY), (cx, cy + 2 * _DY)],
+        right,
+    )
+    _fill_poly(
+        buf,
+        [(cx, cy - h), (cx + _DX, cy + _DY - h), (cx, cy + 2 * _DY - h), (cx - _DX, cy + _DY - h)],
+        top,
+    )
+
+
+def _fill_poly(buf: list[list[Color | None]], verts: list[tuple[int, int]], color: Color) -> None:
+    bh = len(buf)
+    bw = len(buf[0]) if buf else 0
+    all_y = [v[1] for v in verts]
+    y0 = max(0, min(all_y))
+    y1 = min(bh - 1, max(all_y))
+    n = len(verts)
+    for y in range(y0, y1 + 1):
+        xl: float = float("inf")
+        xr: float = float("-inf")
+        for i in range(n):
+            ax, ay = verts[i]
+            bx, by = verts[(i + 1) % n]
+            if ay == by:
+                if y == ay:
+                    xl = min(xl, float(min(ax, bx)))
+                    xr = max(xr, float(max(ax, bx)))
+                continue
+            if not (min(ay, by) <= y <= max(ay, by)):
+                continue
+            t = (y - ay) / (by - ay)
+            ix = ax + t * (bx - ax)
+            xl = min(xl, ix)
+            xr = max(xr, ix)
+        if xl <= xr:
+            for x in range(max(0, round(xl)), min(bw, round(xr) + 1)):
+                buf[y][x] = color
+
+
+def _draw_line(buf: list[list[Color | None]], x0: int, y0: int, x1: int, y1: int, color: Color) -> None:
+    bh = len(buf)
+    bw = len(buf[0]) if buf else 0
+    dx = abs(x1 - x0)
+    dy = abs(y1 - y0)
+    steps = max(dx, dy)
+    if steps == 0:
+        if 0 <= y0 < bh and 0 <= x0 < bw:
+            buf[y0][x0] = color
+        return
+    xi = (x1 - x0) / steps
+    yi = (y1 - y0) / steps
+    fx, fy = float(x0), float(y0)
+    for _ in range(steps + 1):
+        px, py = round(fx), round(fy)
+        if 0 <= py < bh and 0 <= px < bw:
+            buf[py][px] = color
+        fx += xi
+        fy += yi
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Pixel buffer → terminal
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+_ANSI_RE = re.compile(r"\033\[[0-9;]*m")
+
+
+def _strip_ansi(s: str) -> str:
+    return _ANSI_RE.sub("", s)
+
+
+def _visible_len(s: str) -> int:
+    return len(_strip_ansi(s))
+
+
+def _pixels_to_lines(buf: list[list[Color | None]]) -> list[str]:
+    height = len(buf)
+    width = len(buf[0]) if buf else 0
+    lines: list[str] = []
+    for row in range(0, height, 2):
+        last = -1
+        for col in range(width - 1, -1, -1):
+            top = buf[row][col]
+            bot = buf[row + 1][col] if row + 1 < height else None
+            if top or bot:
+                last = col
+                break
+        if last < 0:
+            lines.append("")
+            continue
+
+        parts: list[str] = []
+        cfg: Color | None = None
+        cbg: Color | None = None
+
+        for col in range(last + 1):
+            top = buf[row][col]
+            bot = buf[row + 1][col] if row + 1 < height else None
+
+            if not top and not bot:
+                if cfg is not None or cbg is not None:
+                    parts.append("\033[0m")
+                    cfg = cbg = None
+                parts.append(" ")
+                continue
+
+            if top and bot and top == bot:
+                nfg, nbg, ch = top, None, "█"
+            elif top and bot:
+                nfg, nbg, ch = bot, top, "▄"
+            elif top:
+                nfg, nbg, ch = top, None, "▀"
+            else:
+                nfg, nbg, ch = bot, None, "▄"  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+            esc = ""
+            if nfg != cfg:
+                esc += f"\033[38;2;{nfg[0]};{nfg[1]};{nfg[2]}m"
+                cfg = nfg
+            if nbg != cbg:
+                esc += "\033[49m" if nbg is None else f"\033[48;2;{nbg[0]};{nbg[1]};{nbg[2]}m"
+                cbg = nbg
+            parts.append(esc + ch)
+
+        if cfg is not None or cbg is not None:
+            parts.append("\033[0m")
+        lines.append("".join(parts))
+    return lines
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Rendering
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _render_base_buffer(city: CityData) -> list[list[Color | None]]:
+    buf: list[list[Color | None]] = [[None] * city.buf_w for _ in range(city.buf_h)]
+
+    for tile in city.tiles:
+        cx = city.x_off + (tile.grid_col - tile.grid_row) * _DX
+        cy = city.y_off + (tile.grid_col + tile.grid_row) * _DY
+        _draw_diamond_outline(buf, cx, cy)
+
+    sorted_tiles = sorted(city.tiles, key=lambda t: (t.grid_row + t.grid_col, t.grid_col))
+    for tile in sorted_tiles:
+        cx = city.x_off + (tile.grid_col - tile.grid_row) * _DX
+        cy = city.y_off + (tile.grid_col + tile.grid_row) * _DY
+        _draw_block(buf, cx, cy, tile.height, tile.top, tile.left, tile.right)
+
+    return buf
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Summary panel
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _colored_square(color: Color) -> str:
+    return f"\033[38;2;{color[0]};{color[1]};{color[2]}m■\033[0m"
+
+
+def _build_summary(
+    repos: list[RepoStorageInfo],
+    total_storage: int,
+    extra_count: int,
+) -> list[str]:
+    lines: list[str] = [""]
+    lines.append("  Storage Overview")
+    lines.append("  " + "─" * 16)
+    lines.append(f"  {format_size(total_storage, human_readable=True)} total")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    order = ["model", "dataset", "space", "bucket"]
+    labels = {"model": "Models", "dataset": "Datasets", "space": "Spaces", "bucket": "Buckets"}
+    for rtype in order:
+        group = [r for r in repos if r.type == rtype]
+        if not group:
+            continue
+        storage = sum(r.storage for r in group)
+        sq = _colored_square(_TYPE_COLORS[rtype][0])
+        lines.append(f"  {sq} {labels[rtype]}")
+        lines.append(f"    {len(group)} repos · {format_size(storage, human_readable=True)}")
+        lines.append("")
+
+    if extra_count > 0:
+        sq = _colored_square(_EXTRA_COLORS[0])
+        lines.append(f"  {sq} +{extra_count} more repos")
+
+    return lines
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Cursor
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _build_cursor() -> list[tuple[int, int, Color]]:
+    pixels: list[tuple[int, int, Color]] = []
+    for ri, row in enumerate(_CURSOR_GRID):
+        for ci, ch in enumerate(row):
+            if ch in _CURSOR_PALETTE:
+                pixels.append((ci - len(row) // 2, ri - _CURSOR_H + 1, _CURSOR_PALETTE[ch]))
+    return pixels
+
+
+_CURSOR_PIXELS = _build_cursor()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Interactive game
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def run_city_game(repos: list[RepoStorageInfo]) -> None:
+    """Launch the interactive city explorer."""
+    if not repos:
+        print("No repositories found.")
+        return
+
+    try:
+        import termios
+        import tty
+    except ImportError:
+        print("Interactive mode requires a Unix-like terminal (Linux/macOS).")
+        return
+
+    if not sys.stdin.isatty() or not sys.stdout.isatty():
+        print("Interactive mode requires a terminal.")
+        return
+
+    term = shutil.get_terminal_size()
+    if term.columns < _MIN_TERM_W or term.lines < _MIN_TERM_H:
+        print(f"Your terminal is {term.columns}×{term.lines} characters.")
+        print(f"Please resize to at least {_MIN_TERM_W}×{_MIN_TERM_H} to explore the city!")
+        return
+
+    city = _prepare_city_data(repos)
+
+    tiles_with_repos = [t for t in city.tiles if t.repo is not None]
+    start_tile = random.choice(tiles_with_repos) if tiles_with_repos else city.tiles[0]
+
+    fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+    old_settings = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
+    try:
+        tty.setraw(fd)
+        sys.stdout.write("\033[?1049h\033[?25l\033[2J")
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        _game_loop(city, start_tile.grid_row, start_tile.grid_col)
+    finally:
+        sys.stdout.write("\033[?25h\033[?1049l")
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old_settings)
+
+
+def _game_loop(city: CityData, cur_row: int, cur_col: int) -> None:
+    tile_map: dict[tuple[int, int], TileInfo] = {(t.grid_row, t.grid_col): t for t in city.tiles}
+    city = dataclasses.replace(city, buf_h=city.buf_h + _CURSOR_PAD, y_off=city.y_off + _CURSOR_PAD)
+    base_buf = _render_base_buffer(city)
+
+    summary = _build_summary(city.all_repos, city.total_storage, city.extra_count)
+
+    # Intro: cursor drops onto starting tile
+    tx, ty = _tile_top_center(city, cur_row, cur_col, tile_map)
+    for i in range(1, _MOVE_FRAMES + 1):
+        t = i / _MOVE_FRAMES
+        t = t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+        drop_y = ty - 16 * (1 - t)
+        frame = _copy_buf(base_buf)
+        _highlight_tile(frame, city, tile_map[(cur_row, cur_col)])
+        _draw_cursor(frame, tx, round(drop_y))
+        _present(city, frame, tile_map.get((cur_row, cur_col)), summary)
+        time.sleep(_MOVE_DELAY)
+
+    while True:
+        cx, cy = _tile_top_center(city, cur_row, cur_col, tile_map)
+        frame = _copy_buf(base_buf)
+        _highlight_tile(frame, city, tile_map[(cur_row, cur_col)])
+        _draw_cursor(frame, cx, cy)
+        _present(city, frame, tile_map.get((cur_row, cur_col)), summary)
+
+        key = _read_key()
+        if key in ("q", "Q", "esc", "\x03"):
+            return
+
+        dr, dc = _key_to_direction(key)
+        if dr == 0 and dc == 0:
+            continue
+
+        nr, nc = cur_row + dr, cur_col + dc
+        if (nr, nc) not in tile_map:
+            continue
+
+        ex, ey = _tile_top_center(city, nr, nc, tile_map)
+        for i in range(1, _MOVE_FRAMES + 1):
+            t = i / _MOVE_FRAMES
+            t = t * t * (3 - 2 * t)
+            bx = cx + (ex - cx) * t
+            by = cy + (ey - cy) * t
+            frame = _copy_buf(base_buf)
+            _highlight_tile(frame, city, tile_map[(nr, nc)])
+            _draw_cursor(frame, round(bx), round(by))
+            _present(city, frame, tile_map.get((nr, nc)), summary)
+            time.sleep(_MOVE_DELAY)
+
+        cur_row, cur_col = nr, nc
+
+
+def _tile_top_center(city: CityData, row: int, col: int, tile_map: dict[tuple[int, int], TileInfo]) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    tile = tile_map.get((row, col))
+    h = tile.height if tile else 1
+    cx = city.x_off + (col - row) * _DX
+    cy = city.y_off + (col + row) * _DY
+    return cx, cy + _DY - h
+
+
+def _key_to_direction(key: str) -> tuple[int, int]:
+    match key:
+        case "w" | "W" | "\x1b[A":
+            return -1, 0
+        case "s" | "S" | "\x1b[B":
+            return 1, 0
+        case "a" | "A" | "\x1b[D":
+            return 0, -1
+        case "d" | "D" | "\x1b[C":
+            return 0, 1
+        case _:
+            return 0, 0
+
+
+def _draw_cursor(buf: list[list[Color | None]], cx: int, cy: int) -> None:
+    bh = len(buf)
+    bw = len(buf[0]) if buf else 0
+    for dx, dy, color in _CURSOR_PIXELS:
+        px, py = cx + dx, cy + dy
+        if 0 <= py < bh and 0 <= px < bw:
+            buf[py][px] = color
+
+
+def _highlight_tile(buf: list[list[Color | None]], city: CityData, tile: TileInfo) -> None:
+    cx = city.x_off + (tile.grid_col - tile.grid_row) * _DX
+    cy = city.y_off + (tile.grid_col + tile.grid_row) * _DY
+    h = tile.height
+    _fill_poly(
+        buf,
+        [(cx, cy - h), (cx + _DX, cy + _DY - h), (cx, cy + 2 * _DY - h), (cx - _DX, cy + _DY - h)],
+        _brighten(tile.top, 35),
+    )
+
+
+def _brighten(color: Color, amount: int) -> Color:
+    return (min(255, color[0] + amount), min(255, color[1] + amount), min(255, color[2] + amount))
+
+
+def _present(
+    city: CityData,
+    buf: list[list[Color | None]],
+    tile: TileInfo | None,
+    summary: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    city_lines = _pixels_to_lines(buf)
+    while city_lines and not _strip_ansi(city_lines[0]).strip():
+        city_lines.pop(0)
+    while city_lines and not _strip_ansi(city_lines[-1]).strip():
+        city_lines.pop()
+
+    city_w = max((_visible_len(line) for line in city_lines), default=0)
+    term = shutil.get_terminal_size()
+    panel_max_w = max(20, term.columns - city_w - _SUMMARY_W - 2 * _GAP)
+
+    info = _build_info_panel(tile, city, panel_max_w)
+
+    n = max(len(summary), len(city_lines), len(info))
+    summary_lo = max(0, (n - len(summary)) // 2)
+    info_lo = max(0, (n - len(info)) // 2)
+
+    lines: list[str] = []
+    for i in range(n):
+        si = i - summary_lo
+        lt = summary[si] if 0 <= si < len(summary) else ""
+        lpad = max(0, _SUMMARY_W - _visible_len(lt))
+
+        ct = city_lines[i] if i < len(city_lines) else ""
+        cpad = max(0, city_w - _visible_len(ct))
+
+        ri = i - info_lo
+        rt = info[ri] if 0 <= ri < len(info) else ""
+
+        lines.append(lt + " " * lpad + " " * _GAP + ct + " " * cpad + " " * _GAP + rt)
+
+    lines.append("")
+    lines.append("  \033[90mWASD/Arrows: move · Q/ESC: quit\033[0m")
+
+    while len(lines) < term.lines - 1:
+        lines.append("")
+
+    output = "\033[H"
+    for line in lines[: term.lines - 1]:
+        output += line + "\033[K\r\n"
+    sys.stdout.write(output)
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def _build_info_panel(tile: TileInfo | None, city: CityData, max_w: int) -> list[str]:
+    reset = "\033[0m"
+    gray = "\033[90m"
+    bold = "\033[1m"
+    indent = "  "
+    content_w = max_w - len(indent)
+
+    lines: list[str] = [""]
+    lines.append(f"{indent}{bold}City Explorer{reset}")
+    lines.append(indent + "─" * min(22, content_w))
+    lines.append("")
+
+    if tile is None:
+        lines.append(f"{indent}{gray}Move to a tile")
+        lines.append(f"{indent}to see details.{reset}")
+        return lines
+
+    if tile.repo is None:
+        lines.append(f"{indent}{gray}+{city.extra_count} more repos{reset}")
+        lines.append(f"{indent}{gray}{format_size(city.extra_storage, human_readable=True)} combined{reset}")
+        return lines
+
+    repo = tile.repo
+    name = repo.id
+    if len(name) > content_w:
+        name = name[: content_w - 3] + "..."
+    lines.append(f"{indent}{bold}{name}{reset}")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    type_ansi = {
+        "model": "\033[38;2;175;148;240m",
+        "dataset": "\033[38;2;245;128;128m",
+        "space": "\033[38;2;245;175;85m",
+        "bucket": "\033[38;2;112;185;242m",
+    }
+    tc = type_ansi.get(repo.type, "")
+
+    lines.append(f"{indent}Type       {tc}{repo.type}{reset}")
+    lines.append(f"{indent}Visibility {repo.visibility}")
+    lines.append(f"{indent}Storage    {format_size(repo.storage, human_readable=True)}")
+    lines.append(f"{indent}Usage      {repo.storage_percent:.1f}%")
+    lines.append("")
+
+    bar_w = min(18, content_w)
+    filled = max(0, min(bar_w, round(repo.storage_percent / 100 * bar_w)))
+    lines.append(f"{indent}{tc}{'█' * filled}{gray}{'░' * (bar_w - filled)}{reset}")
+
+    return lines
+
+
+def _copy_buf(buf: list[list[Color | None]]) -> list[list[Color | None]]:
+    return [row[:] for row in buf]
+
+
+def _read_key() -> str:
+    fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
+    ch = os.read(fd, 1)
+    if ch == b"\x1b":
+        if _has_input(fd, 0.05):
+            ch2 = os.read(fd, 1)
+            if ch2 == b"[" and _has_input(fd, 0.05):
+                ch3 = os.read(fd, 1)
+                return f"\x1b[{ch3.decode()}"
+        return "esc"
+    return ch.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
+
+
+def _has_input(fd: int, timeout: float) -> bool:
+    r, _, _ = select.select([fd], [], [], timeout)
+    return bool(r)

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_completion.py

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Shell completion for the ``hf`` CLI, built on Click's native completion.
+
+Click generates completion scripts activated by the ``_HF_COMPLETE`` env var (this
+works out of the box because ``hf`` is a Click command). This module exposes the two
+conveniences Typer used to provide — ``--install-completion`` / ``--show-completion``
+— as thin eager options over that machinery.
+"""
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Annotated
+
+import click
+from click.shell_completion import get_completion_class
+
+from ._framework import Option
+
+
+_COMPLETE_VAR = "_HF_COMPLETE"
+
+# Shells with a shared rc file: the line that activates completion (appended once).
+_RC_ACTIVATION: dict[str, tuple[Path, str]] = {
+    "bash": (Path.home() / ".bashrc", f'eval "$({_COMPLETE_VAR}=bash_source hf)"'),
+    "zsh": (Path.home() / ".zshrc", f'eval "$({_COMPLETE_VAR}=zsh_source hf)"'),
+}
+# Fish auto-loads per-command files from its completions directory. The file is dedicated
+# to `hf`, so the full script is written there directly (overwriting any stale version)
+# instead of re-generating it via `hf` on every shell startup.
+_FISH_COMPLETION_PATH = Path.home() / ".config" / "fish" / "completions" / "hf.fish"
+
+
+def _detect_shell() -> str:
+    return Path(os.environ.get("SHELL", "")).name or "bash"
+
+
+def _completion_script(shell: str) -> str:
+    # Imported lazily to avoid a circular import (hf.py imports the options below).
+    from .hf import app
+
+    completion_cls = get_completion_class(shell)
+    if completion_cls is None:
+        raise click.ClickException(f"Shell '{shell}' is not supported for completion.")
+    return completion_cls(app, {}, "hf", _COMPLETE_VAR).source()
+
+
+def _show_completion(value: bool) -> None:
+    if not value:
+        return
+    click.echo(_completion_script(_detect_shell()))
+    raise click.exceptions.Exit()
+
+
+def _install_completion(value: bool) -> None:
+    if not value:
+        return
+    shell = _detect_shell()
+    if shell == "fish":
+        path = _FISH_COMPLETION_PATH
+        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        path.write_text(_completion_script("fish"))
+    elif shell in _RC_ACTIVATION:
+        path, activation = _RC_ACTIVATION[shell]
+        path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        existing = path.read_text() if path.exists() else ""
+        if activation not in existing:
+            with path.open("a") as file:
+                file.write(f"\n{activation}\n")
+    else:
+        raise click.ClickException(f"Shell '{shell}' is not supported for completion.")
+    click.echo(f"{shell} completion installed in {path}. Restart your shell for it to take effect.")
+    raise click.exceptions.Exit()
+
+
+InstallCompletionOpt = Annotated[
+    bool,
+    Option(
+        "--install-completion",
+        callback=_install_completion,
+        is_eager=True,
+        help="Install completion for the current shell.",
+    ),
+]
+
+ShowCompletionOpt = Annotated[
+    bool,
+    Option(
+        "--show-completion",
+        callback=_show_completion,
+        is_eager=True,
+        help="Show completion for the current shell, to copy it or customize the installation.",
+    ),
+]

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_cp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+# Copyright 2026-present, the HuggingFace Inc. team.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Shared ``cp`` command to copy files between local paths, repositories and buckets.
+
+This single command backs three identical CLI entry points: ``hf cp`` (top-level),
+``hf repos cp`` and ``hf buckets cp``. It supports any source/destination combination
+of local file, repo/bucket ``hf://`` URI, and ``-`` (stdin/stdout), with two exceptions:
+- bucket-to-repo copies are not supported (server limitation), and
+- local-to-local copies (use a regular ``cp`` for that).
+"""
+
+import os
+import sys
+from dataclasses import replace
+from typing import Annotated, Literal
+
+import click
+
+from huggingface_hub import HfApi
+from huggingface_hub.errors import CLIError
+from huggingface_hub.utils import HfUri, SoftTemporaryDirectory, disable_progress_bars, is_hf_uri, parse_hf_uri
+
+from ._cli_utils import TokenOpt, get_hf_api
+from ._framework import Argument
+from ._output import out
+
+
+CP_EXAMPLES = [
+    # Download (repo or bucket -> local / stdout)
+    "hf cp hf://username/my-model/config.json",
+    "hf cp hf://username/my-model/config.json ./config.json",
+    "hf cp hf://datasets/username/my-dataset/data.csv ./data/",
+    "hf cp hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/config.json -",
+    # Upload (local / stdin -> repo or bucket)
+    "hf cp ./model.safetensors hf://username/my-model/model.safetensors",
+    "hf cp ./config.json hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/logs/",
+    "hf cp - hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/config.json",
+    # Remote to remote (repo/bucket -> repo/bucket, server-side when possible)
+    "hf cp hf://username/source-model/ hf://username/dest-model/",
+    "hf cp hf://datasets/username/my-dataset/processed/ hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/processed/",
+    "hf cp hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/logs/ hf://buckets/username/archive-bucket/  # copies contents only",
+]
+
+
+# Which alias registered the command, used to restrict the remote endpoint type (see `_enforce_context`).
+CpContext = Literal["repos", "buckets"]
+
+
+def make_cp(context: CpContext | None = None):
+    """Build the ``cp`` command function for a given alias.
+
+    The three entry points (`hf cp`, `hf repos cp`, `hf buckets cp`) share the exact same logic;
+    'context' only adds a guardrail on the remote endpoint type (see `_enforce_context`).
+    """
+
+    def cp(
+        src: Annotated[
+            str,
+            Argument(help="Source: local file, hf:// URI (repo or bucket), or - for stdin."),
+        ],
+        dst: Annotated[
+            str | None,
+            Argument(help="Destination: local path, hf:// URI (repo or bucket), or - for stdout."),
+        ] = None,
+        token: TokenOpt = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Copy files between local paths, repositories, and buckets.
+
+        Handles uploads (local/stdin -> repo/bucket), downloads (repo/bucket -> local/stdout) and
+        remote-to-remote copies (repo/bucket -> repo/bucket). Bucket-to-repo and local-to-local
+        copies are not supported. For directories, use `hf upload`/`hf download` (repos) or
+        `hf buckets sync` (buckets). Remote-to-remote copies only work within the same storage
+        region (https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/storage-regions).
+        """
+        _enforce_context(context, src, dst)
+        _run_cp(src, dst, token)
+
+    return cp
+
+
+def _enforce_context(context: CpContext | None, src: str, dst: str | None) -> None:
+    """Guardrail for the `hf repos cp` / `hf buckets cp` aliases.
+
+    These aliases are exact duplicates of `hf cp`, so a bare `hf repos cp` could otherwise touch a
+    bucket (and vice versa). We validate the type of the remote side: the destination for uploads and
+    remote-to-remote copies, or the source when downloading to a local path / stdout. The top-level
+    `hf cp` (i.e. 'context' is None) accepts any combination.
+    """
+    if context is None:
+        return
+    # The remote endpoint is the destination when it is an hf:// URI, otherwise the source (download).
+    remote = dst if (dst is not None and is_hf_uri(dst)) else src
+    if not is_hf_uri(remote):
+        return
+    if context == "repos" and parse_hf_uri(remote).is_bucket:
+        raise CLIError("`hf repos cp` only works with repositories. Use `hf cp` or `hf buckets cp` for buckets.")
+    if context == "buckets" and not parse_hf_uri(remote).is_bucket:
+        raise CLIError("`hf buckets cp` only works with buckets. Use `hf cp` or `hf repos cp` for repositories.")
+
+
+def _run_cp(src: str, dst: str | None, token: str | None) -> None:
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+
+    src_is_stdin = src == "-"
+    dst_is_stdout = dst == "-"
+    src_is_hf = is_hf_uri(src)
+    dst_is_hf = dst is not None and is_hf_uri(dst)
+
+    # --- Remote to remote: delegate to copy_files (repo/bucket -> repo/bucket) ---
+    if src_is_hf and dst_is_hf:
+        assert dst is not None  # guaranteed by dst_is_hf
+        api.copy_files(src, dst)
+        out.result("Copied", src=src, dst=dst)
+        return
+
+    # --- At least one side must be a remote hf:// URI (rules out local->local, stdin->local, etc.) ---
+    if not src_is_hf and not dst_is_hf:
+        if dst is None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Missing destination. Provide a repo or bucket hf:// URI as DST.")
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            "One of SRC or DST must be a repo (hf://username/...) or bucket (hf://buckets/...) URI."
+        )
+
+    # --- Download: repo/bucket -> local file or stdout ---
+    if src_is_hf:
+        if dst_is_stdout:
+            _download_file_to_stdout(api, src)
+            return
+        _download_file_to_local(api, src, dst)
+        return
+
+    # --- Upload: local file or stdin -> repo/bucket ---
+    assert dst is not None  # guaranteed: reaching here means dst_is_hf is True
+    _upload_file_to_remote(api, src, dst, src_is_stdin=src_is_stdin)
+
+
+def _download_file_to_stdout(api: HfApi, src: str) -> None:
+    uri = parse_hf_uri(src)
+    filename = _source_filename(uri, src)
+    # Suppress progress bars to avoid polluting the piped output.
+    with disable_progress_bars():
+        with SoftTemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
+            tmp_path = os.path.join(tmp_dir, filename)
+            _download_single(api, uri, tmp_path)
+            with open(tmp_path, "rb") as f:
+                while chunk := f.read(32_000_000):  # 32MB chunks
+                    sys.stdout.buffer.write(chunk)
+
+
+def _download_file_to_local(api: HfApi, src: str, dst: str | None) -> None:
+    uri = parse_hf_uri(src)
+    filename = _source_filename(uri, src)
+
+    if dst is None:
+        local_path = filename
+    elif os.path.isdir(dst) or dst.endswith(os.sep) or dst.endswith("/"):
+        local_path = os.path.join(dst, filename)
+    else:
+        local_path = dst
+
+    parent_dir = os.path.dirname(local_path)
+    if parent_dir:
+        os.makedirs(parent_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    _download_single(api, uri, local_path)
+    out.result("Downloaded", src=src, dst=local_path)
+
+
+def _download_single(api: HfApi, uri: HfUri, local_path: str) -> None:
+    """Download a single file (repo or bucket) to ``local_path``.
+
+    Used by `_download_file_to_local` and `_download_file_to_stdout`.
+    """
+    if uri.is_bucket:
+        api.download_bucket_files(uri.id, [(uri.path_in_repo, local_path)], raise_on_missing_files=True)
+    else:
+        # Download into a temporary folder next to the destination (rather than the shared cache)
+        # so the final move stays on the same filesystem and is instant. The temp folder is
+        # cleaned up automatically once the move is complete.
+        parent_dir = os.path.dirname(local_path) or "."
+        with SoftTemporaryDirectory(prefix=".tmp", dir=parent_dir) as tmp_dir:
+            downloaded_path = api.hf_hub_download(
+                repo_id=uri.id,
+                repo_type=uri.type,
+                filename=uri.path_in_repo,
+                revision=uri.revision,
+                local_dir=tmp_dir,
+            )
+            os.replace(downloaded_path, local_path)
+
+
+def _source_filename(uri: HfUri, src: str) -> str:
+    if uri.path_in_repo == "" or src.endswith("/"):
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            "Source path must include a file name, not just a repo/bucket or directory path."
+            " Use `hf download` or `hf buckets sync` to copy directories."
+        )
+    return uri.path_in_repo.rsplit("/", 1)[-1]
+
+
+def _upload_file_to_remote(api: HfApi, src: str, dst: str, *, src_is_stdin: bool) -> None:
+    uri = parse_hf_uri(dst)
+
+    if src_is_stdin:
+        if uri.path_in_repo == "" or dst.endswith("/"):
+            raise click.BadParameter("Stdin upload requires a full destination path including filename.")
+        data = sys.stdin.buffer.read()
+        _upload_single(api, uri, data, uri.path_in_repo)
+        out.result("Uploaded", src="stdin", dst=uri.to_uri())
+        return
+
+    if os.path.isdir(src):
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            "Source must be a file, not a directory. Use `hf upload` or `hf buckets sync` for directories."
+        )
+    if not os.path.isfile(src):
+        raise click.BadParameter(f"Source file not found: {src}")
+
+    prefix = uri.path_in_repo
+    if prefix == "":
+        remote_path = os.path.basename(src)
+    elif dst.endswith("/"):
+        remote_path = prefix + "/" + os.path.basename(src)
+    else:
+        remote_path = prefix
+
+    _upload_single(api, uri, src, remote_path)
+    out.result("Uploaded", src=src, dst=replace(uri, path_in_repo=remote_path).to_uri())
+
+
+def _upload_single(api: HfApi, uri: HfUri, source: str | bytes, remote_path: str) -> None:
+    """Upload a single file or bytes (to a repo or bucket)."""
+    if uri.is_bucket:
+        api.batch_bucket_files(uri.id, add=[(source, remote_path)])
+    else:
+        api.upload_file(
+            path_or_fileobj=source,
+            path_in_repo=remote_path,
+            repo_id=uri.id,
+            repo_type=uri.type,
+            revision=uri.revision,
+        )

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_errors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""CLI error handling utilities."""
+
+import traceback
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
+from huggingface_hub.errors import (
+    BucketNotFoundError,
+    CLIError,
+    CLIExtensionInstallError,
+    DeviceCodeError,
+    EntryNotFoundError,
+    GatedRepoError,
+    HfHubHTTPError,
+    HfUriError,
+    IncompleteSnapshotError,
+    LocalEntryNotFoundError,
+    LocalTokenNotFoundError,
+    OfflineModeIsEnabled,
+    OIDCError,
+    RemoteEntryNotFoundError,
+    RepositoryNotFoundError,
+    RevisionNotFoundError,
+)
+
+
+def _format_repo_not_found(error: RepositoryNotFoundError) -> str:
+    label = error.repo_type.capitalize() if error.repo_type else "Repository"
+    if error.repo_id:
+        msg = f"{label} '{error.repo_id}' not found."
+    else:
+        msg = f"{label} not found."
+    msg += "\nIf the repo is private, make sure you are authenticated and your token has the required permissions."
+
+    msg += "\nIf the repo does not exist, create it with: "
+    if error.repo_id is not None:
+        type_flag = f" --type {error.repo_type}" if error.repo_type and error.repo_type != "model" else ""
+        msg += f"hf repos create {error.repo_id}{type_flag}"
+    else:
+        msg += "hf repos create <repo_id>"
+
+    return msg
+
+
+def _format_gated_repo(error: GatedRepoError) -> str:
+    label = error.repo_type if error.repo_type else "repository"
+    if error.repo_id:
+        return f"Access denied. {label.capitalize()} '{error.repo_id}' requires approval."
+    return f"Access denied. This {label} requires approval."
+
+
+def _format_bucket_not_found(error: BucketNotFoundError) -> str:
+    if error.bucket_id:
+        msg = f"Bucket '{error.bucket_id}' not found."
+        cmd = f"hf buckets create {error.bucket_id}"
+    else:
+        msg = "Bucket not found."
+        cmd = "hf buckets create <bucket_id>"
+    msg += "\nIf the bucket is private, make sure you are authenticated and your token has the required permissions."
+    msg += f"\nIf the bucket does not exist, create it with: {cmd}"
+    return msg
+
+
+def _format_entry_not_found(error: RemoteEntryNotFoundError) -> str:
+    label = error.repo_type if error.repo_type else "repository"
+    url = str(error.response.url) if error.response else None
+    if error.repo_id:
+        msg = f"File not found in {label} '{error.repo_id}'."
+    else:
+        msg = f"File not found in {label}."
+    if url:
+        msg += f"\nURL: {url}"
+    return msg
+
+
+def _format_local_entry_not_found(error: LocalEntryNotFoundError) -> str:
+    cause = error.__cause__
+    if cause is not None:
+        return f"Local entry not found. {cause}"
+    return f"Local entry not found. {error}"
+
+
+def _format_incomplete_snapshot(error: IncompleteSnapshotError) -> str:
+    msg = _format_local_entry_not_found(error)
+    msg += f"\nIncomplete snapshot available at: {error.snapshot_path}"
+    return msg
+
+
+def _format_revision_not_found(error: RevisionNotFoundError) -> str:
+    label = error.repo_type if error.repo_type else "repository"
+    if error.repo_id:
+        return f"Revision not found in {label} '{error.repo_id}'."
+    return f"Revision not found in {label}. Check the revision parameter."
+
+
+def _format_cli_error(error: CLIError) -> str:
+    """No traceback, just the error message."""
+    return str(error)
+
+
+def _format_cli_extension_install_error(error: CLIExtensionInstallError) -> str:
+    """Format a CLI extension installation error.
+
+    The error is likely to be a tricky subprocess error to investigate. In this specific case we want to format the
+    traceback of the root cause while keeping the "nicely formatted" error message of the CLIExtensionInstallError
+    as a 1-line message.
+    """
+    cause_tb = (
+        "".join(traceback.format_exception(type(error.__cause__), error.__cause__, error.__cause__.__traceback__))
+        if error.__cause__ is not None
+        else ""
+    )
+    return f"{cause_tb}\n{error}"
+
+
+CLI_ERROR_MAPPINGS: dict[type[Exception], Callable[..., str]] = {
+    OfflineModeIsEnabled: lambda error: str(error),
+    # GatedRepoError must come before RepositoryNotFoundError (it's a subclass).
+    GatedRepoError: _format_gated_repo,
+    BucketNotFoundError: _format_bucket_not_found,
+    RepositoryNotFoundError: _format_repo_not_found,
+    RevisionNotFoundError: _format_revision_not_found,
+    LocalTokenNotFoundError: lambda _: "Not logged in. Run 'hf auth login' first.",
+    OIDCError: lambda error: f"OIDC Exchange failed. {error}",
+    DeviceCodeError: lambda error: f"Login failed: {error}",
+    RemoteEntryNotFoundError: _format_entry_not_found,
+    # IncompleteSnapshotError must come before LocalEntryNotFoundError (it's a subclass).
+    IncompleteSnapshotError: _format_incomplete_snapshot,
+    LocalEntryNotFoundError: _format_local_entry_not_found,
+    EntryNotFoundError: lambda error: str(error),
+    HfHubHTTPError: lambda error: str(error),
+    HfUriError: lambda error: f"Invalid HF URI: {error.uri}. {error.msg}",
+    ValueError: lambda error: f"Invalid value. {error}",
+    CLIExtensionInstallError: _format_cli_extension_install_error,
+    CLIError: _format_cli_error,
+}
+
+
+def format_known_exception(error: Exception) -> str | None:
+    for exc_type, formatter in CLI_ERROR_MAPPINGS.items():
+        if isinstance(error, exc_type):
+            return formatter(error)
+    return None

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_framework.py

@@ -0,0 +1,645 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Minimal declaration layer over Click 8.x for the ``hf`` CLI.
+
+This module vendors *only* the slice of Typer the CLI actually uses: turning
+annotated function signatures (``Annotated[T, Option(...)]`` / ``Argument(...)``)
+into Click parameters, and rendering argument/option help the way Typer did.
+It exists so the CLI depends on Click's stable public API instead of Typer's
+now-internal vendored Click (``typer._click``), which Typer reserves the right
+to refactor at any release.
+
+Deliberately *not* implemented (add a case here only when a command needs it):
+rich rendering, shell-completion install commands, prompts/confirmation options,
+env-var options, ``File``/``UUID`` params, ``count`` options, ``default_factory``.
+Click's own machinery already handles exceptions, aborts, exits, and native
+``_HF_COMPLETE`` shell completion, so none of Typer's ``main()`` overrides are
+reproduced here.
+
+The interesting logic mirrors four Typer functions, kept faithful so ``--help``
+output stays byte-identical:
+- :func:`_get_click_type`          <- ``typer.main.get_click_type``
+- :func:`_build_click_param`       <- ``typer.main.get_click_param``
+- :func:`_make_handler`            <- ``typer.main.get_callback``
+- :class:`HfArgument` / :class:`HfOption` help records <- ``typer.core.Typer*``
+"""
+
+import enum
+import functools
+import inspect
+from collections.abc import Callable, Sequence
+from datetime import datetime
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import UnionType
+from typing import Annotated, Any, Literal, Union, get_args, get_origin
+
+import click
+
+
+def get_command_name(name: str) -> str:
+    """Normalize a Python identifier to a CLI name (``force_download`` -> ``force-download``)."""
+    return name.lower().replace("_", "-")
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 1. Declaration markers — replace ``typer.Option`` / ``typer.Argument``.
+#    Attached in ``Annotated[T, Option(...)]``; the ``= value`` in the function
+#    signature carries the default (never the marker).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+class ParameterInfo:
+    """Base marker holding the (tiny) set of Click knobs the CLI actually sets.
+
+    ``callback`` is a Typer-style value parser ``fn(value) -> parsed`` — it does NOT
+    receive Click's ``(ctx, param, value)``. It consumes the enum/list convertors, so
+    ``value`` is already converted when it runs.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *param_decls: str,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | str = True,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        is_eager: bool = False,
+        callback: Callable[..., Any] | None = None,
+        min: int | None = None,
+        click_type: click.ParamType | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.param_decls = list(param_decls)
+        self.help = help
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        self.is_eager = is_eager
+        self.callback = callback
+        self.min = min
+        self.click_type = click_type
+
+
+class Option(ParameterInfo):
+    """Declare a CLI option, e.g. ``Annotated[str | None, Option("--revision")]``."""
+
+
+class Argument(ParameterInfo):
+    """Declare a positional CLI argument, e.g. ``Annotated[str, Argument()]``."""
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 2. Annotation -> Click type + value convertors.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _get_click_type(annotation: Any, info: ParameterInfo) -> click.ParamType:
+    """Map a (already unwrapped) annotation to a Click ``ParamType``."""
+    if info.click_type is not None:
+        return info.click_type
+    if annotation is str:
+        return click.STRING
+    if annotation is bool:
+        return click.BOOL
+    if annotation is int:
+        return click.IntRange(min=info.min) if info.min is not None else click.INT
+    if annotation is float:
+        return click.FloatRange(min=info.min) if info.min is not None else click.FLOAT
+    if annotation is Path:
+        return click.Path(path_type=Path)
+    if annotation is datetime:
+        return click.DateTime()
+    if isinstance(annotation, type) and issubclass(annotation, enum.Enum):
+        values = [item.value for item in annotation]
+        if not all(isinstance(value, str) for value in values):
+            # A non-str member default would fail Choice validation at parse time with a
+            # cryptic error; fail at build time with a clear one instead.
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported enum {annotation.__name__!r}: only str-valued enums are supported.")
+        return click.Choice(values)
+    if get_origin(annotation) is Literal:
+        return click.Choice([str(value) for value in get_args(annotation)])
+    raise TypeError(f"Unsupported CLI annotation {annotation!r}. Add a case in `_framework._get_click_type()`.")
+
+
+def _enum_convertor(enum_type: type[enum.Enum]) -> Callable[[Any], Any]:
+    """Map a parsed choice string back to its ``Enum`` member (mirrors Typer)."""
+    value_map = {str(member.value): member for member in enum_type}
+
+    def convertor(value: Any) -> Any:
+        if value is not None:
+            return value_map.get(str(value))
+        return None
+
+    return convertor
+
+
+def _list_convertor(
+    inner: Callable[[Any], Any] | None, default_value: Any | None
+) -> Callable[[Sequence[Any] | None], list[Any] | None]:
+    """Turn Click's tuple (from ``multiple=True``) into a list, applying ``inner`` per item."""
+
+    def convertor(value: Sequence[Any] | None) -> list[Any] | None:
+        if value is None or (default_value is None and len(value) == 0):
+            return None
+        return [inner(item) if inner else item for item in value]
+
+    return convertor
+
+
+def _make_convertor(
+    annotation: Any, is_list: bool, default_value: Any | None, info: ParameterInfo
+) -> Callable[[Any], Any] | None:
+    """Build the value convertor for a param (``None`` when no coercion is needed).
+
+    An explicit ``click_type`` (e.g. ``SoftChoice``) owns its own conversion, so no
+    enum convertor is added on top of it.
+    """
+    inner = None
+    if info.click_type is None and isinstance(annotation, type) and issubclass(annotation, enum.Enum):
+        inner = _enum_convertor(annotation)
+    if is_list:
+        return _list_convertor(inner, default_value)
+    return inner
+
+
+def _unwrap_optional_and_list(annotation: Any) -> tuple[Any, bool]:
+    """Strip ``T | None`` / ``Optional[T]`` and ``list[T]``; return ``(base_type, is_list)``."""
+    origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin in (Union, UnionType):
+        non_none = [arg for arg in get_args(annotation) if arg is not type(None)]
+        if len(non_none) != 1:
+            raise TypeError(f"Unsupported union annotation {annotation!r}; only ``T | None`` is supported.")
+        annotation = non_none[0]
+        origin = get_origin(annotation)
+    if origin in (list, Sequence):
+        return get_args(annotation)[0], True
+    return annotation, False
+
+
+def _split_annotated(annotation: Any) -> tuple[Any, ParameterInfo | None]:
+    """Split ``Annotated[T, Option(...)]`` into ``(T, marker)``; ``(annotation, None)`` otherwise."""
+    if get_origin(annotation) is Annotated:
+        args = get_args(annotation)
+        marker = next((meta for meta in args[1:] if isinstance(meta, ParameterInfo)), None)
+        if marker is None and (typer_marker := next((meta for meta in args[1:] if _is_typer_marker(meta)), None)):
+            marker = _from_typer_marker(typer_marker, from_annotated=True)
+        return args[0], marker
+    return annotation, None
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Typer-marker compatibility shim (transition helper).
+#
+# ``typer_factory`` is exposed publicly and downstream CLIs (e.g. `transformers`)
+# still register commands whose parameters carry ``typer.Option`` /
+# ``typer.Argument`` markers. Recognize those markers structurally (no typer
+# import required) and translate the fields this framework supports, so such
+# commands keep working while downstream migrates.
+# TODO: remove once transformers pins huggingface_hub>=1.22.0.
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _is_typer_marker(obj: Any) -> bool:
+    return type(obj).__module__.partition(".")[0] == "typer" and type(obj).__name__ in ("OptionInfo", "ArgumentInfo")
+
+
+def _from_typer_marker(meta: Any, *, from_annotated: bool) -> ParameterInfo:
+    """Translate a ``typer.models.OptionInfo`` / ``ArgumentInfo`` into our marker."""
+    param_decls = list(getattr(meta, "param_decls", None) or ())
+    if type(meta).__name__ == "OptionInfo":
+        # In ``Annotated[...]`` usage typer stores the first flag name in ``default``
+        # (``Option("--flag", "-f")`` -> ``default="--flag"``, ``param_decls=("-f",)``).
+        default = getattr(meta, "default", ...)
+        if from_annotated and isinstance(default, str):
+            param_decls = [default, *param_decls]
+        cls: type[ParameterInfo] = Option
+    else:
+        cls = Argument
+    return cls(
+        *param_decls,
+        help=getattr(meta, "help", None),
+        show_default=getattr(meta, "show_default", True),
+        hidden=getattr(meta, "hidden", False),
+        is_eager=getattr(meta, "is_eager", False),
+        callback=getattr(meta, "callback", None),
+        min=getattr(meta, "min", None),
+        click_type=getattr(meta, "click_type", None),
+    )
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 3. Signature -> Click parameters (mirrors ``typer.main.get_click_param``).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _wrap_param_callback(
+    user_callback: Callable[[Any], Any], convertor: Callable[[Any], Any] | None
+) -> Callable[[click.Context, click.Parameter, Any], Any]:
+    """Adapt a Typer-style value parser ``fn(value) -> parsed`` to a Click param callback."""
+
+    def click_callback(ctx: click.Context, param: click.Parameter, value: Any) -> Any:
+        return user_callback(convertor(value) if convertor else value)
+
+    return click_callback
+
+
+def _build_click_param(
+    name: str, annotation: Any, info: ParameterInfo | None, signature_default: Any
+) -> tuple[click.Parameter, Callable[[Any], Any] | None]:
+    """Build a Click ``Parameter`` (and its post-parse value convertor) for one function param."""
+    required = signature_default is inspect.Parameter.empty
+    default_value = None if required else signature_default
+    if isinstance(default_value, enum.Enum):
+        default_value = default_value.value
+    if info is None:
+        # A bare annotation with no marker: required positional -> Argument, else Option.
+        info = Argument() if required else Option()
+
+    base_type, is_list = _unwrap_optional_and_list(annotation)
+    convertor = _make_convertor(base_type, is_list, default_value, info)
+
+    # A user ``callback`` consumes the value itself (and the convertor with it); otherwise the
+    # convertor runs later in the command handler wrapper. This keeps conversion single-pass.
+    if info.callback is not None:
+        param_callback: Callable[..., Any] | None = _wrap_param_callback(info.callback, convertor)
+        handler_convertor: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None
+    else:
+        param_callback = None
+        handler_convertor = convertor
+
+    if isinstance(info, Argument):
+        argument = HfArgument(
+            [name],
+            type=_get_click_type(base_type, info),
+            required=required,
+            default=default_value,
+            nargs=-1 if is_list else 1,
+            is_eager=info.is_eager,
+            callback=param_callback,
+            help=info.help,
+            show_default=info.show_default,
+            hidden=info.hidden,
+        )
+        return argument, handler_convertor
+
+    # Option: prepend the Python name so ``click.Parameter.name`` matches the function kwarg,
+    # regardless of the user-facing flag names ("-v"/"--version", "--type"/"--repo-type", ...).
+    is_flag = base_type is bool
+    decls = [name]
+    if info.param_decls:
+        decls.extend(info.param_decls)
+    else:
+        kebab = get_command_name(name)
+        decls.append(f"--{kebab}/--no-{kebab}" if is_flag else f"--{kebab}")
+    option = HfOption(
+        decls,
+        # Click infers the flag type itself; passing a type alongside ``is_flag`` is rejected.
+        type=None if is_flag else _get_click_type(base_type, info),
+        required=required,
+        default=default_value,
+        is_flag=is_flag,
+        multiple=is_list,
+        is_eager=info.is_eager,
+        callback=param_callback,
+        help=info.help,
+        show_default=info.show_default,
+        hidden=info.hidden,
+    )
+    return option, handler_convertor
+
+
+def _build_params(
+    func: Callable[..., Any],
+) -> tuple[list[click.Parameter], dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]], str | None]:
+    """Introspect ``func`` and return ``(params, convertors, context_param_name)``."""
+    params: list[click.Parameter] = []
+    convertors: dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]] = {}
+    context_param_name: str | None = None
+    for name, sig_param in inspect.signature(func).parameters.items():
+        # Read raw signature annotations rather than ``typing.get_type_hints``: the CLI never uses
+        # ``from __future__ import annotations``, so annotations are already live objects, and
+        # get_type_hints mangles ``Annotated[X | None, ...]`` on Python 3.10 (drops the origin).
+        annotation = sig_param.annotation if sig_param.annotation is not inspect.Parameter.empty else str
+        base_type, info = _split_annotated(annotation)
+        if isinstance(base_type, type) and (
+            issubclass(base_type, click.Context)
+            # typer.Context subclasses typer's *vendored* click since typer 0.26, so an
+            # issubclass check against real click misses it. Match it structurally.
+            or (base_type.__module__.partition(".")[0] == "typer" and base_type.__name__ == "Context")
+        ):
+            context_param_name = name
+            continue
+        signature_default = sig_param.default
+        if _is_typer_marker(signature_default):
+            # Old typer style: the marker *is* the signature default and carries the value.
+            if info is None:
+                info = _from_typer_marker(signature_default, from_annotated=False)
+            marker_default = getattr(signature_default, "default", ...)
+            signature_default = inspect.Parameter.empty if marker_default is ... else marker_default
+        click_param, convertor = _build_click_param(name, base_type, info, signature_default)
+        if convertor is not None and click_param.name is not None:
+            convertors[click_param.name] = convertor
+        params.append(click_param)
+    return params, convertors, context_param_name
+
+
+def _make_handler(
+    func: Callable[..., Any],
+    convertors: dict[str, Callable[[Any], Any]],
+    context_param_name: str | None,
+) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+    """Wrap ``func`` so Click's kwargs map back to it, applying convertors and injecting the ctx."""
+
+    def handler(**kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        call_kwargs = {key: (convertors[key](value) if key in convertors else value) for key, value in kwargs.items()}
+        if context_param_name is not None:
+            call_kwargs[context_param_name] = click.get_current_context()
+        return func(**call_kwargs)
+
+    functools.update_wrapper(handler, func)
+    return handler
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 4. Click parameter subclasses — port Typer's help records so arguments show up
+#    in ``--help`` (plain ``click.Argument`` renders none) and defaults/metavars
+#    read identically. Rich/env-var branches are dropped (never enabled here).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _split_opt(opt: str) -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Split an option string into ``(prefix, name)`` (Click's ``split_opt``, inlined)."""
+    first = opt[:1]
+    if first.isalnum():
+        return "", opt
+    if opt[1:2] == first:
+        return opt[:2], opt[2:]
+    return first, opt[1:]
+
+
+def _extract_default_help_str(param: click.Parameter, ctx: click.Context) -> Any:
+    # Resilient parsing avoids type casting failing while rendering the default.
+    resilient = ctx.resilient_parsing
+    ctx.resilient_parsing = True
+    try:
+        return param.get_default(ctx, call=False)
+    finally:
+        ctx.resilient_parsing = resilient
+
+
+def _default_string(
+    param: "HfArgument | HfOption", ctx: click.Context, show_default_is_str: bool, default_value: Any
+) -> str:
+    if show_default_is_str:
+        return f"({param.show_default})"
+    if isinstance(default_value, (list, tuple)):
+        return ", ".join(_default_string(param, ctx, show_default_is_str, item) for item in default_value)
+    if isinstance(default_value, enum.Enum):
+        return str(default_value.value)
+    if inspect.isfunction(default_value):
+        return "(dynamic)"
+    if isinstance(param, HfOption) and param.is_bool_flag and param.secondary_opts:
+        # Boolean toggle: show the opt name (without prefix) matching the current default.
+        if default_value:
+            return _split_opt(param.opts[0])[1] if param.opts else str(default_value)
+        return _split_opt(param.secondary_opts[0])[1]
+    if isinstance(param, HfOption) and param.is_bool_flag and not param.secondary_opts and not default_value:
+        return ""
+    return str(default_value)
+
+
+def _describe_number_range(param_type: "click.IntRange | click.FloatRange") -> str:
+    """Human-readable range hint like ``x>=1`` or ``1<=x<10``.
+
+    Reproduces click's private ``_NumberRangeBase._describe_range()`` using the public
+    ``IntRange``/``FloatRange`` attributes, so the framework stays on Click's public API.
+    """
+    if param_type.min is None:
+        return f"x{'<' if param_type.max_open else '<='}{param_type.max}"
+    if param_type.max is None:
+        return f"x{'>' if param_type.min_open else '>='}{param_type.min}"
+    left = "<" if param_type.min_open else "<="
+    right = "<" if param_type.max_open else "<="
+    return f"{param_type.min}{left}x{right}{param_type.max}"
+
+
+def _build_help_extra(param: "HfArgument | HfOption", ctx: click.Context, base_help: str) -> str:
+    """Append the ``[default: ...; required]`` suffix to a help string (shared by arg/option)."""
+    extra: list[str] = []
+    default_value = _extract_default_help_str(param, ctx)
+    show_default_is_str = isinstance(param.show_default, str)
+    if show_default_is_str or (default_value is not None and (param.show_default or ctx.show_default)):
+        default_string = _default_string(param, ctx, show_default_is_str, default_value)
+        if default_string:
+            extra.append(f"default: {default_string}")
+    # Numeric range hints are shown for options only (matches Typer; arguments omit them).
+    if isinstance(param, HfOption) and isinstance(param.type, (click.IntRange, click.FloatRange)):
+        range_str = _describe_number_range(param.type)
+        if range_str:
+            extra.append(range_str)
+    if param.required:
+        extra.append("required")
+    if extra:
+        suffix = f"[{'; '.join(extra)}]"
+        return f"{base_help}  {suffix}" if base_help else suffix
+    return base_help
+
+
+class HfArgument(click.Argument):
+    """Positional argument that renders help text and a metavar (Click's does neither)."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        param_decls: Sequence[str],
+        *,
+        help: str | None = None,
+        show_default: bool | str = True,
+        hidden: bool = False,
+        **attrs: Any,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.help = help
+        self.show_default = show_default
+        self.hidden = hidden
+        super().__init__(param_decls, **attrs)
+
+    def make_metavar(self, ctx: click.Context) -> str:
+        if self.metavar is not None:
+            var = self.metavar
+            if not self.required and not var.startswith("["):
+                var = f"[{var}]"
+            return var
+        var = (self.name or "").upper()
+        if not self.required:
+            var = f"[{var}]"
+        type_var = self.type.get_metavar(self, ctx=ctx)
+        if type_var:
+            var += f":{type_var}"
+        if self.nargs != 1:
+            var += "..."
+        return var
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: click.Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return None
+        return self.make_metavar(ctx=ctx), _build_help_extra(self, ctx, self.help or "")
+
+
+class HfOption(click.Option):
+    """Option whose help record ports Typer's default/metavar rendering verbatim."""
+
+    show_default: bool | str
+
+    def get_help_record(self, ctx: click.Context) -> tuple[str, str] | None:
+        if self.hidden:
+            return None
+
+        any_prefix_is_slash = False
+
+        def _write_opts(opts: Sequence[str]) -> str:
+            nonlocal any_prefix_is_slash
+            rv, any_slashes = click.formatting.join_options(opts)
+            if any_slashes:
+                any_prefix_is_slash = True
+            if not self.is_flag and not self.count:
+                rv += f" {self.make_metavar(ctx=ctx)}"
+            return rv
+
+        rv = [_write_opts(self.opts)]
+        if self.secondary_opts:
+            rv.append(_write_opts(self.secondary_opts))
+
+        help_text = _build_help_extra(self, ctx, self.help or "")
+        return ("; " if any_prefix_is_slash else " / ").join(rv), help_text
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# 5. Command / group base classes and the decorator API (replace ``typer.Typer``).
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+def _format_params(command: click.Command, ctx: click.Context, formatter: click.HelpFormatter) -> None:
+    """Render params split into "Arguments" and "Options" sections (mirrors Typer)."""
+    args: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+    opts: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
+    for param in command.get_params(ctx):
+        record = param.get_help_record(ctx)
+        if record is None:
+            continue
+        if param.param_type_name == "argument":
+            args.append(record)
+        elif param.param_type_name == "option":
+            opts.append(record)
+    if args:
+        with formatter.section("Arguments"):
+            formatter.write_dl(args)
+    if opts:
+        with formatter.section("Options"):
+            formatter.write_dl(opts)
+
+
+class HfCommand(click.Command):
+    """Leaf command that renders arguments and options in separate help sections."""
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: click.Context, formatter: click.HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        _format_params(self, ctx, formatter)
+
+
+def build_command(
+    func: Callable[..., Any],
+    *,
+    name: str | None = None,
+    cls: type[click.Command] | None = None,
+    help: str | None = None,
+    epilog: str | None = None,
+    short_help: str | None = None,
+    options_metavar: str = "[OPTIONS]",
+    add_help_option: bool = True,
+    no_args_is_help: bool = False,
+    hidden: bool = False,
+    deprecated: bool = False,
+    context_settings: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
+) -> click.Command:
+    """Build a Click ``Command`` from a function with ``Annotated`` params.
+
+    Replaces ``typer.main.get_command_from_info``.
+    """
+    params, convertors, context_param_name = _build_params(func)
+    handler = _make_handler(func, convertors, context_param_name)
+    command_help = inspect.cleandoc(help) if help else inspect.getdoc(func)
+    return (cls or HfCommand)(
+        name=name if name is not None else get_command_name(func.__name__),
+        callback=handler,
+        params=params,
+        help=command_help,
+        epilog=epilog,
+        short_help=short_help,
+        options_metavar=options_metavar,
+        add_help_option=add_help_option,
+        no_args_is_help=no_args_is_help,
+        hidden=hidden,
+        deprecated=deprecated,
+        context_settings=context_settings or {},
+    )
+
+
+class HfGroup(click.Group):
+    """Command group with the decorator API the CLI relies on (``command``/``callback``/``add_group``).
+
+    Subclasses (see ``HFCliTyperGroup``) layer on styling, aliases, topics and error
+    enrichment; this base only wires functions to Click via :func:`build_command`.
+    """
+
+    #: Command class used by ``@group.command()`` unless overridden per call.
+    command_class: type[click.Command] = HfCommand
+
+    def format_options(self, ctx: click.Context, formatter: click.HelpFormatter) -> None:
+        _format_params(self, ctx, formatter)
+        self.format_commands(ctx, formatter)
+
+    def list_commands(self, ctx: click.Context) -> list[str]:
+        # Preserve declaration order rather than Click's alphabetical default.
+        return list(self.commands)
+
+    def command(  # type: ignore  # deliberately narrows click.Group.command (builds from annotated signatures)
+        self, name: str | None = None, *, cls: type[click.Command] | None = None, **kwargs: Any
+    ) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]]:
+        def decorator(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+            command = build_command(func, name=name, cls=cls or self.command_class, **kwargs)
+            self.add_command(command, command.name)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator
+
+    def add_group(self, group: click.Group, *, name: str, hidden: bool = False) -> None:
+        """Register a subgroup under ``name`` (which may carry pipe aliases, e.g. ``"repos | repo"``)."""
+        group.name = name
+        group.hidden = hidden
+        self.add_command(group, name)
+
+    def group_callback(
+        self, *, invoke_without_command: bool = False
+    ) -> Callable[[Callable[..., Any]], Callable[..., Any]]:
+        """Register the function invoked for this group (named ``group_callback`` because Click
+        already uses the ``callback`` attribute for the group's own handler)."""
+
+        def decorator(func: Callable[..., Any]) -> Callable[..., Any]:
+            params, convertors, context_param_name = _build_params(func)
+            self.callback = _make_handler(func, convertors, context_param_name)
+            self.params = [*self.params, *params]
+            self.invoke_without_command = invoke_without_command
+            if invoke_without_command:
+                # Match Typer: the subcommand is optional when the group runs without one.
+                self.subcommand_metavar = "[COMMAND] [ARGS]..."
+            if self.help is None and func.__doc__:
+                self.help = inspect.cleandoc(func.__doc__)
+            return func
+
+        return decorator

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_output.py

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Output framework for the `hf` CLI."""
+
+import dataclasses
+import datetime
+import json
+import re
+import shutil
+import sys
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from enum import Enum
+from functools import cache
+from typing import Any, cast
+
+import click
+
+from huggingface_hub.errors import ConfirmationError
+from huggingface_hub.utils import ANSI, StatusLine, disable_progress_bars, is_agent, tabulate
+
+
+class OutputFormat(str, Enum):
+    """Output format for CLI commands with auto detection of agent/human mode."""
+
+    agent = "agent"
+    auto = "auto"
+    human = "human"
+    json = "json"
+    quiet = "quiet"
+
+
+def _print_flush(*values: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:
+    """Like `print`, but always flushed: some CLI flows block on user action right after
+    printing (e.g. the device-code login), so output must not stay buffered."""
+    print(*values, **kwargs, flush=True)
+
+
+class Output:
+    """Output sink for the `hf` CLI.
+
+    Mode is resolved once at init time based on `is_agent()` auto-detection
+    and can be overridden per-command via `set_mode()`.
+    """
+
+    mode: OutputFormat
+    no_truncate: bool
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.no_truncate = False
+        self.set_mode()
+
+    def set_mode(self, mode: OutputFormat = OutputFormat.auto) -> None:
+        """Override the output mode (called once at startup and again per '--format' flag)."""
+        if mode == OutputFormat.auto:
+            mode = OutputFormat.agent if is_agent() else OutputFormat.human
+        self.mode = mode
+        if mode != OutputFormat.human:
+            disable_progress_bars()
+
+    def set_no_truncate(self, no_truncate: bool) -> None:
+        """Toggle off cell truncation for human table output."""
+        self.no_truncate = no_truncate
+
+    def is_quiet(self) -> bool:
+        return self.mode == OutputFormat.quiet
+
+    def text(self, msg: str | None = None, *, human: str | None = None, agent: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Print a free-form text message to stdout."""
+        if msg is not None:
+            if human is not None or agent is not None:
+                raise ValueError("Cannot mix 'msg' with 'human'/'agent'.")
+            human = msg
+            agent = _strip_ansi(msg)
+
+        match self.mode:
+            case OutputFormat.human:
+                if human is not None:
+                    _print_flush(human)
+            case OutputFormat.agent:
+                if agent is not None:
+                    _print_flush(agent)
+            # json/quiet: no-op
+
+    def table(
+        self,
+        items: Sequence[dict[str, Any]],
+        *,
+        headers: list[str] | None = None,
+        id_key: str | None = None,
+        alignments: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Print tabular data to stdout.
+
+        Args:
+            items: List of dicts. Headers are auto-detected from keys if not provided.
+            headers: Explicit column names. If None, derived from dict keys (all-None columns filtered).
+            id_key: Key to print in quiet mode. If None, uses the first header.
+            alignments: Optional mapping of header name to "left" or "right". Defaults to "left".
+        """
+        if not items:
+            match self.mode:
+                case OutputFormat.agent | OutputFormat.human:
+                    _print_flush("No results found.")
+                case OutputFormat.json:
+                    _print_flush("[]")
+            return
+
+        if headers is None:
+            all_columns = list(items[0].keys())
+            headers = [col for col in all_columns if any(item.get(col) is not None for item in items)]
+        rows = [[item.get(h) for h in headers] for item in items]
+
+        match self.mode:
+            case OutputFormat.human:  # padded table, adaptive truncation, SCREAMING_SNAKE headers
+                screaming_headers = [_to_header(h) for h in headers]
+                formatted_rows: list[list[str]] = [[_format_table_value_human(v) for v in row] for row in rows]
+
+                is_truncated = _truncate_columns(screaming_headers, formatted_rows, no_truncate=self.no_truncate)
+
+                inferred = {**_infer_alignments(headers, rows), **(alignments or {})}
+                screaming_alignments = {_to_header(k): v for k, v in inferred.items()}
+                _print_flush(
+                    tabulate(
+                        cast("list[list[str | int]]", formatted_rows),
+                        headers=screaming_headers,
+                        alignments=screaming_alignments,
+                    ),
+                )
+                if is_truncated:
+                    self.hint("Use `--no-truncate` or `--format json` to display full values.")
+            case OutputFormat.agent:  # TSV, no truncation, full timestamps
+                _print_flush("\t".join(headers))
+                for row in rows:
+                    _print_flush("\t".join(_format_table_cell_agent(v) for v in row))
+            case OutputFormat.json:  # compact JSON array
+                _print_flush(json.dumps(list(items), default=str))
+            case OutputFormat.quiet:  # id_key column (or first column), one per line
+                quiet_key = id_key or headers[0]
+                for item in items:
+                    _print_flush(item.get(quiet_key, ""))
+
+    def dict(self, data: Any, *, id_key: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """Print structured data as JSON in all modes (indented for human, compact otherwise).
+
+        Accepts a dict or a dataclass.
+        """
+        if dataclasses.is_dataclass(data) and not isinstance(data, type):
+            data = _dataclass_to_dict(data)
+        if self.mode == OutputFormat.quiet and id_key is not None:
+            _print_flush(data.get(id_key, ""))
+            return
+        indent = 2 if self.mode == OutputFormat.human else None
+        _print_flush(json.dumps(data, indent=indent, default=str))
+
+    def result(self, message: str, **data: Any) -> None:
+        """Print a success summary to stdout."""
+        match self.mode:
+            case OutputFormat.human:  # ✓ message + key: value lines
+                parts = [ANSI.green(f"{_ascii_safe('✓', '[OK]')} {message}")]
+                for k, v in data.items():
+                    if v is not None:
+                        parts.append(f"  {k}: {v}")
+                _print_flush("\n".join(parts))
+            case OutputFormat.agent:  # key=val pairs, space-separated
+                parts = [f"{k}={v}" for k, v in data.items() if v is not None]
+                _print_flush(" ".join(parts) if parts else message)
+            case OutputFormat.json:  # json.dumps(data), message ignored
+                _print_flush(json.dumps(data, default=str) if data else "")
+            case OutputFormat.quiet:  # first value only
+                values = list(data.values())
+                if values:
+                    _print_flush(values[0])
+
+    def confirm(self, message: str, *, default: bool = False, yes: bool = False, confirm_param: str = "--yes") -> None:
+        """
+        Ask for confirmation. Raises `ConfirmationError` in non-human modes.
+        """
+        if yes:
+            return
+        if self.mode != OutputFormat.human:
+            raise ConfirmationError(f"{message} Use {confirm_param} to skip confirmation.")
+        click.confirm(message, default=default, abort=True)
+
+    def status(self, message: str | None = None) -> StatusLine:
+        """Return a status line that emits only in human mode (no-op otherwise)."""
+        status = StatusLine(enabled=self.mode == OutputFormat.human)
+        if message is not None:
+            status.update(message)
+        return status
+
+    def warning(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Print a non-fatal warning to stderr (all modes)."""
+        if self.mode == OutputFormat.human:
+            _print_flush(ANSI.yellow(f"Warning: {message}"), file=sys.stderr)
+        else:
+            _print_flush(f"Warning: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def error(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Print an error to stderr (all modes)."""
+        if self.mode == OutputFormat.human:
+            _print_flush(ANSI.red(f"Error: {message}"), file=sys.stderr)
+        else:
+            _print_flush(f"Error: {message}", file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def log(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Print a text message to stderr (human: gray, json/agent: plain text).
+
+        Suppressed in quiet mode. Kept in json mode (like agent) since agents
+        commonly run with ``--format json`` and the message goes to stderr so
+        it never pollutes the parsed stdout.
+        """
+        if self.mode == OutputFormat.quiet:
+            return
+        if self.mode == OutputFormat.human:
+            _print_flush(ANSI.gray(message), file=sys.stderr)
+        else:
+            _print_flush(message, file=sys.stderr)
+
+    def hint(self, message: str) -> None:
+        """Print a helpful hint to stderr (human: gray, json/agent: plain text).
+
+        Suppressed in quiet mode. Kept in json mode (like agent) since agents
+        commonly run with ``--format json`` and the next-command hints are useful
+        there; hints go to stderr so they never pollute the parsed stdout.
+        """
+        self.log(f"Hint: {message}")
+
+
+# HELPERS
+
+
+@cache
+def _ascii_safe(char: str, fallback: str) -> str:
+    """Return `char`, or `fallback` if stdout cannot encode it.
+
+    On Windows, `sys.stdout` uses the ANSI code page (e.g. cp1252) instead of the console
+    encoding whenever it is not attached to a console (output redirected, piped, captured by
+    a CI step). Printing a decoration like "✓" then raises `UnicodeEncodeError` - a
+    `ValueError` subclass, so it surfaces as a confusing "Invalid value." error and aborts
+    the command. Cached since the stream encoding is fixed for the lifetime of the process.
+    """
+    encoding = getattr(sys.stdout, "encoding", None) or "utf-8"
+    try:
+        char.encode(encoding)
+    except (LookupError, UnicodeEncodeError):
+        return fallback
+    return char
+
+
+def _serialize_value(v: object) -> object:
+    """Recursively serialize a value to be JSON-compatible."""
+    if isinstance(v, datetime.datetime):
+        return v.isoformat()
+    elif isinstance(v, dict):
+        return {key: _serialize_value(val) for key, val in v.items() if val is not None}
+    elif isinstance(v, list):
+        return [_serialize_value(item) for item in v]
+    return v
+
+
+def _dataclass_to_dict(info: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    """Convert a dataclass to a json-serializable dict."""
+    return {k: _serialize_value(v) for k, v in dataclasses.asdict(info).items() if v is not None}
+
+
+_ANSI_RE = re.compile(r"\033\[[0-9;]*m")
+
+
+def _strip_ansi(text: str) -> str:
+    return _ANSI_RE.sub("", text)
+
+
+def _single_line(text: str) -> str:
+    return " ".join(text.split())
+
+
+def _to_header(name: str) -> str:
+    """Convert a camelCase or PascalCase string to SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE."""
+    s = re.sub(r"([a-z])([A-Z])", r"\1_\2", name)
+    return s.upper()
+
+
+def _infer_alignments(headers: list[str], rows: list[list[Any]]) -> dict[str, str]:
+    """Return ``{"col": "right"}`` for columns where every non-None value is numeric."""
+    result: dict[str, str] = {}
+    for c, h in enumerate(headers):
+        if all(row[c] is None or (isinstance(row[c], (int, float)) and not isinstance(row[c], bool)) for row in rows):
+            result[h] = "right"
+    return result
+
+
+def _format_table_value_human(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Convert a value to string for terminal display."""
+    if value is None:
+        return ""
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return _ascii_safe("✔", "yes") if value else ""
+    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+        return value.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
+    if isinstance(value, str) and re.match(r"^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T", value):
+        return value[:10]
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return _single_line(value)
+    if isinstance(value, list):
+        return ", ".join(_format_table_value_human(v) for v in value)
+    elif isinstance(value, dict):
+        if "name" in value:  # Likely to be a user or org => print name
+            return _single_line(str(value["name"]))
+        return _single_line(json.dumps(value))
+    return _single_line(str(value))
+
+
+def _truncate_columns(
+    headers: list[str],
+    rows: list[list[str]],
+    *,
+    no_truncate: bool,
+) -> bool:
+    """Truncate cells in-place to fit the current terminal width.
+
+    Returns `True` if any cell was truncated, so the caller can emit a hint.
+    `shutil.get_terminal_size` is cross-platform: it honors `$COLUMNS`, then
+    queries the OS-native API, then falls back to `(80, 24)`.
+    """
+    if no_truncate or not rows:
+        return False
+
+    n = len(headers)
+    # Per-column natural width: longest of header label and cell values.
+    natural = [max(len(headers[c]), *(len(rows[r][c]) for r in range(len(rows)))) for c in range(n)]
+
+    # `max(0, n - 1)` accounts for the single-space separator between columns.
+    budget = shutil.get_terminal_size().columns - max(0, n - 1)
+    if sum(natural) <= budget:
+        return False
+
+    # Shrink the widest column 1 char at a time. Floors keep the header label
+    # visible; the `4` is the smallest cap that still shows "x..." (one content
+    # char plus the "..." marker).
+    caps = natural.copy()
+    min_widths = [max(len(h), 4) for h in headers]
+    while sum(caps) > budget:
+        widest = max(
+            (i for i, w in enumerate(caps) if w > min_widths[i]),
+            key=lambda i: caps[i],
+            default=-1,
+        )
+        if widest < 0:
+            break  # everything at floor — table wraps slightly
+        caps[widest] -= 1
+
+    truncated = False
+    for row in rows:
+        for c, cell in enumerate(row):
+            if len(cell) > caps[c]:
+                truncated = True
+                row[c] = cell[: caps[c] - 3] + "..."
+    return truncated
+
+
+def _format_table_cell_agent(value: Any) -> str:
+    """Format a cell value for agent TSV output (ISO timestamps, tabs escaped)."""
+    if isinstance(value, datetime.datetime):
+        return value.isoformat()
+    return _single_line(str(value))
+
+
+out = Output()

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/_skills.py

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+"""Internal helpers for Hugging Face marketplace skill installation and upgrades."""
+
+import json
+import re
+import shutil
+import tempfile
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass, replace
+from pathlib import Path, PurePosixPath
+from typing import Any, Literal
+
+from huggingface_hub._buckets import BucketFile
+from huggingface_hub.errors import CLIError
+
+from ..utils import disable_progress_bars
+from ._cli_utils import get_hf_api
+
+
+DEFAULT_SKILL_ID = "hf-cli"
+DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID = "huggingface/skills"
+MARKETPLACE_PATH = "marketplace.json"
+# Empty marker file dropped into managed skill installs so `hf skills update` knows
+# to touch them and leave user-placed skill dirs alone. Filename is historical (used
+# to be a JSON manifest with a revision); we keep it for backward compat with installs
+# made by previous versions.
+MANAGED_MARKER_FILENAME = ".hf-skill-manifest.json"
+
+SkillUpdateStatus = Literal["up_to_date", "unmanaged", "source_unreachable"]
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class MarketplaceSkill:
+    name: str
+    repo_path: str
+    description: str | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class SkillUpdateInfo:
+    name: str
+    skill_dir: Path
+    status: SkillUpdateStatus
+    detail: str | None = None
+
+
+def add_skill(skill_name: str, destination_root: Path, force: bool = False) -> Path:
+    """Resolve a marketplace skill by name and install it."""
+    api = get_hf_api()
+    with disable_progress_bars():
+        marketplace_skills = _load_marketplace_skills(api)
+        skill = _select_marketplace_skill(marketplace_skills, skill_name)
+        if skill is None:
+            raise CLIError(
+                f"Skill '{skill_name}' not found in {DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID}. "
+                "Try `hf skills add` to install `hf-cli` or use a known skill name."
+            )
+        return _install_marketplace_skill(api, skill, destination_root, force=force)
+
+
+def install_generated_skill(content: str, destination_root: Path, force: bool = False) -> Path:
+    """Install the `hf-cli` skill from locally generated SKILL.md content (no bucket download)."""
+
+    def populate(install_dir: Path) -> None:
+        install_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        (install_dir / "SKILL.md").write_text(content, encoding="utf-8")
+        (install_dir / MANAGED_MARKER_FILENAME).touch()
+
+    return _install_skill(DEFAULT_SKILL_ID, destination_root, populate=populate, force=force)
+
+
+def update_skills(roots: list[Path], selector: str | None = None, *, hf_cli_content: str) -> list[SkillUpdateInfo]:
+    """Re-sync managed skill installs (`hf-cli` is rewritten from `hf_cli_content`, the rest from the bucket)."""
+    skill_dirs = _iter_unique_skill_dirs(roots)
+    if selector is not None:
+        selector_lower = selector.strip().lower()
+        skill_dirs = [d for d in skill_dirs if d.name.lower() == selector_lower]
+        if not skill_dirs:
+            raise CLIError(f"No installed skill matches '{selector}'. Install it with `hf skills add {selector}`.")
+
+    # `hf-cli` is regenerated locally, so only hit the marketplace when another managed skill needs it.
+    needs_marketplace = any(d.name != DEFAULT_SKILL_ID and (d / MANAGED_MARKER_FILENAME).exists() for d in skill_dirs)
+    api = None
+    marketplace_skills: dict[str, MarketplaceSkill] = {}
+    if needs_marketplace:
+        api = get_hf_api()
+        with disable_progress_bars():
+            marketplace_skills = {skill.name.lower(): skill for skill in _load_marketplace_skills(api)}
+
+    return [_apply_single_update(api, skill_dir, marketplace_skills, hf_cli_content) for skill_dir in skill_dirs]
+
+
+def _load_marketplace_skills(api) -> list[MarketplaceSkill]:
+    payload = _load_marketplace_payload(api)
+    plugins = payload.get("plugins")
+    if not isinstance(plugins, list):
+        raise CLIError("Invalid marketplace payload: expected a top-level 'plugins' list.")
+
+    skills: list[MarketplaceSkill] = []
+    for plugin in plugins:
+        if not isinstance(plugin, dict):
+            continue
+        name = plugin.get("name")
+        source = plugin.get("source")
+        if not isinstance(name, str) or not isinstance(source, str):
+            continue
+        description = plugin.get("description")
+        skills.append(
+            MarketplaceSkill(
+                name=name,
+                repo_path=_normalize_repo_path(source),
+                description=description if isinstance(description, str) else None,
+            )
+        )
+    return skills
+
+
+def _install_marketplace_skill(api, skill: MarketplaceSkill, destination_root: Path, force: bool = False) -> Path:
+    """Install a marketplace skill into a local skills directory."""
+
+    def populate(install_dir: Path) -> None:
+        install_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        bucket_files = _list_skill_files(api, skill)
+        _download_skill_files(api, skill, bucket_files, install_dir)
+        _validate_installed_skill_dir(install_dir)
+        (install_dir / MANAGED_MARKER_FILENAME).touch()
+
+    return _install_skill(skill.name, destination_root, populate=populate, force=force)
+
+
+_VALID_SKILL_NAME = re.compile(r"[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9._-]*")
+
+
+def _install_skill(
+    name: str,
+    destination_root: Path,
+    populate: Callable[[Path], None],
+    force: bool = False,
+) -> Path:
+    """Install a skill into ``destination_root`` by calling ``populate(install_dir)`` to fill it.
+
+    Used by both the marketplace install (populate = download from bucket) and the
+    locally-generated install (populate = write content). When the install already
+    exists and ``force`` is set, the new content is staged in a sibling tempdir and
+    atomically swapped in, so the existing install stays intact if ``populate``
+    fails halfway through.
+    """
+    # `name` may come from the remote marketplace payload and the install dir is removed on
+    # reinstall: validate it as defense-in-depth against path traversal.
+    if not _VALID_SKILL_NAME.fullmatch(name):
+        raise CLIError(f"Invalid skill name '{name}'.")
+    destination_root = destination_root.expanduser().resolve()
+    destination_root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    install_dir = destination_root / name
+    already_exists = install_dir.exists()
+
+    if already_exists and not force:
+        raise FileExistsError(f"Skill already exists: {install_dir}")
+
+    if already_exists:
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(dir=destination_root, prefix=f".{install_dir.name}.install-") as tmp_dir_str:
+            staged_dir = Path(tmp_dir_str) / install_dir.name
+            populate(staged_dir)
+            _atomic_replace_directory(existing_dir=install_dir, staged_dir=staged_dir)
+        return install_dir
+
+    try:
+        populate(install_dir)
+    except Exception:
+        if install_dir.exists():
+            shutil.rmtree(install_dir)
+        raise
+    return install_dir
+
+
+def _load_marketplace_payload(api) -> dict[str, Any]:
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp_dir:
+        local_path = Path(tmp_dir) / "marketplace.json"
+        api.download_bucket_files(
+            DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID,
+            [(MARKETPLACE_PATH, local_path)],
+            raise_on_missing_files=True,
+        )
+        parsed = json.loads(local_path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+
+    if not isinstance(parsed, dict):
+        raise CLIError("Invalid marketplace payload: expected a JSON object.")
+    return parsed
+
+
+def _select_marketplace_skill(skills: list[MarketplaceSkill], selector: str) -> MarketplaceSkill | None:
+    selector_lower = selector.strip().lower()
+    for skill in skills:
+        if skill.name.lower() == selector_lower:
+            return skill
+    return None
+
+
+def _normalize_repo_path(path: str) -> str:
+    normalized = path.strip()
+    while normalized.startswith("./"):
+        normalized = normalized[2:]
+    normalized = normalized.strip("/")
+    if not normalized:
+        raise CLIError("Invalid marketplace entry: empty source path.")
+    return normalized
+
+
+def _validate_installed_skill_dir(skill_dir: Path) -> None:
+    skill_file = skill_dir / "SKILL.md"
+    if not skill_file.is_file():
+        raise RuntimeError(f"Installed skill is missing SKILL.md: {skill_file}")
+
+
+def _list_skill_files(api, skill: MarketplaceSkill) -> list[BucketFile]:
+    """List all files under `skill.repo_path` in the marketplace bucket."""
+    prefix = skill.repo_path.rstrip("/")
+    files: list[BucketFile] = [
+        item
+        for item in api.list_bucket_tree(DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID, prefix=prefix, recursive=True)
+        if isinstance(item, BucketFile)
+    ]
+    if not files:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"Path '{prefix}' not found in bucket '{DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID}'.")
+    return files
+
+
+def _download_skill_files(api, skill: MarketplaceSkill, files: list[BucketFile], install_dir: Path) -> None:
+    """Download bucket files into `install_dir`."""
+    prefix = skill.repo_path.rstrip("/")
+    prefix_with_slash = f"{prefix}/"
+
+    # `list_bucket_tree(prefix=...)` matches as a raw string prefix, so e.g. asking for
+    # "skills/gradio" can also return "skills/gradio-tools/...". Filter on the trailing
+    # slash to keep only files actually inside the directory, then strip it so files land
+    # directly under `install_dir` preserving any nested structure.
+    download_specs: list[tuple[str | BucketFile, str | Path]] = []
+    for bucket_file in files:
+        if not bucket_file.path.startswith(prefix_with_slash):
+            continue
+        relative = bucket_file.path[len(prefix_with_slash) :]
+        local_file = install_dir.joinpath(*PurePosixPath(relative).parts)
+        local_file.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        download_specs.append((bucket_file, local_file))
+
+    if not download_specs:
+        raise FileNotFoundError(f"No files found under '{prefix}' in bucket '{DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID}'.")
+
+    api.download_bucket_files(DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID, download_specs)
+
+
+def _atomic_replace_directory(existing_dir: Path, staged_dir: Path) -> None:
+    backup_dir = staged_dir.parent / f"{existing_dir.name}.backup"
+    try:
+        existing_dir.rename(backup_dir)
+        staged_dir.rename(existing_dir)
+        shutil.rmtree(backup_dir)
+    except Exception:
+        if backup_dir.exists() and not existing_dir.exists():
+            backup_dir.rename(existing_dir)
+        raise
+
+
+def _iter_unique_skill_dirs(roots: list[Path]) -> list[Path]:
+    seen: set[Path] = set()
+    discovered: list[Path] = []
+    for root in roots:
+        root = root.expanduser().resolve()
+        if not root.is_dir():
+            continue
+        for child in sorted(root.iterdir()):
+            if child.name.startswith("."):
+                continue
+            if not child.is_dir() and not child.is_symlink():
+                continue
+            resolved = child.resolve()
+            if resolved in seen or not resolved.is_dir():
+                continue
+            seen.add(resolved)
+            discovered.append(resolved)
+    return discovered
+
+
+def _apply_single_update(
+    api, skill_dir: Path, marketplace_skills: dict[str, MarketplaceSkill], hf_cli_content: str
+) -> SkillUpdateInfo:
+    base = SkillUpdateInfo(name=skill_dir.name, skill_dir=skill_dir, status="unmanaged")
+
+    if not (skill_dir / MANAGED_MARKER_FILENAME).exists():
+        return base
+
+    if skill_dir.name == DEFAULT_SKILL_ID:
+        try:
+            install_generated_skill(hf_cli_content, skill_dir.parent, force=True)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            return replace(base, status="source_unreachable", detail=str(exc))
+        return replace(base, status="up_to_date")
+
+    skill = marketplace_skills.get(skill_dir.name.lower())
+    if skill is None:
+        return replace(
+            base,
+            status="source_unreachable",
+            detail=f"Skill '{skill_dir.name}' is no longer available in {DEFAULT_SKILLS_BUCKET_ID}.",
+        )
+
+    try:
+        _install_marketplace_skill(api, skill, skill_dir.parent, force=True)
+    except Exception as exc:
+        return replace(base, status="source_unreachable", detail=str(exc))
+
+    return replace(base, status="up_to_date")

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/buckets.py

@@ -0,0 +1,679 @@
+# Copyright 2025-present, the HuggingFace Inc. team.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains commands to interact with buckets via the CLI."""
+
+from typing import Annotated
+
+import click
+
+from huggingface_hub import logging
+from huggingface_hub._buckets import (
+    BUCKET_PREFIX,
+    BucketFile,
+    FilterMatcher,
+    _parse_bucket_uri,
+)
+
+from ..hf_api import REPO_REGIONS
+from ._cli_utils import (
+    SearchOpt,
+    TokenOpt,
+    get_hf_api,
+    typer_factory,
+)
+from ._cp import make_cp
+from ._file_listing import format_size, print_file_listing
+from ._framework import Argument, Option
+from ._output import OutputFormat, out
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+buckets_cli = typer_factory(help="Commands to interact with buckets.")
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="create",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets create my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets create user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets create hf://buckets/user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets create user/my-bucket --private",
+        "hf buckets create user/my-bucket --exist-ok",
+        "hf buckets create user/my-bucket --region us",
+    ],
+)
+def create(
+    bucket_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="Bucket ID: bucket_name, namespace/bucket_name, or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name",
+        ),
+    ],
+    private: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--private",
+            help="Create a private bucket.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    region: Annotated[
+        REPO_REGIONS | None,
+        Option(
+            "--region",
+            help="Cloud region in which to create the bucket. Can be one of 'us' or 'eu'. Requires Team plan or above.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exist_ok: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--exist-ok",
+            help="Do not raise an error if the bucket already exists.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Create a new bucket."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+
+    if bucket_id.startswith(BUCKET_PREFIX):
+        parsed = _parse_bucket_uri(bucket_id)
+        if parsed.path_in_repo:
+            raise click.BadParameter(
+                f"Cannot specify a prefix for bucket creation: {bucket_id}."
+                f" Use namespace/bucket_name or {BUCKET_PREFIX}namespace/bucket_name."
+            )
+        bucket_id = parsed.id
+
+    bucket_url = api.create_bucket(
+        bucket_id,
+        private=private if private else None,
+        region=region,
+        exist_ok=exist_ok,
+    )
+    out.result("Bucket created", uri=bucket_url.uri.to_uri(), url=bucket_url.url)
+
+
+def _is_bucket_id(argument: str) -> bool:
+    """Check if argument is a bucket ID (namespace/name) vs just a namespace."""
+    if argument.startswith(BUCKET_PREFIX):
+        path = argument[len(BUCKET_PREFIX) :]
+    else:
+        path = argument
+    return "/" in path
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="list | ls",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets list",
+        "hf buckets list huggingface",
+        'hf buckets list --search "my-prefix"',
+        "hf buckets list user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets list user/my-bucket -R",
+        "hf buckets list user/my-bucket -h",
+        "hf buckets list user/my-bucket --tree",
+        "hf buckets list user/my-bucket --tree -h",
+        "hf buckets list hf://buckets/user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets list user/my-bucket/sub -R",
+    ],
+)
+def list_cmd(
+    argument: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Argument(
+            help=(
+                "Namespace (user or org) to list buckets, or bucket ID"
+                " (namespace/bucket_name(/prefix) or hf://buckets/...) to list files."
+            ),
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    human_readable: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--human-readable",
+            "-h",
+            help="Show sizes in human readable format.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    as_tree: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--tree",
+            help="List files in tree format (only for listing files).",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    recursive: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--recursive",
+            "-R",
+            help="List files recursively (only for listing files).",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    search: SearchOpt = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List buckets or files in a bucket.
+
+    When called with no argument or a namespace, lists buckets.
+    When called with a bucket ID (namespace/bucket_name), lists files in the bucket.
+    """
+    # Determine mode: listing buckets or listing files
+    is_file_mode = argument is not None and _is_bucket_id(argument)
+
+    if is_file_mode:
+        if search is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --search when listing files.")
+        _list_files(
+            argument=argument,  # type: ignore
+            human_readable=human_readable,
+            as_tree=as_tree,
+            recursive=recursive,
+            token=token,
+        )
+    else:
+        _list_buckets(
+            namespace=argument,
+            search=search,
+            human_readable=human_readable,
+            as_tree=as_tree,
+            recursive=recursive,
+            token=token,
+        )
+
+
+def _list_buckets(
+    namespace: str | None,
+    search: str | None,
+    human_readable: bool,
+    as_tree: bool,
+    recursive: bool,
+    token: str | None,
+) -> None:
+    """List buckets in a namespace."""
+    # Validate incompatible flags
+    if as_tree:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --tree when listing buckets.")
+    if recursive:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --recursive when listing buckets.")
+
+    # Handle hf://buckets/namespace format
+    if namespace is not None and namespace.startswith(BUCKET_PREFIX):
+        namespace = namespace[len(BUCKET_PREFIX) :]
+        # Strip trailing slash if any
+        namespace = namespace.rstrip("/")
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    items = [
+        {
+            "id": bucket.id,
+            "private": bucket.private,
+            "size": format_size(bucket.size, human_readable) if human_readable else bucket.size,
+            "total_files": bucket.total_files,
+            "created_at": bucket.created_at,
+        }
+        for bucket in api.list_buckets(namespace=namespace, search=search)
+    ]
+    out.table(items, alignments={"size": "right"})
+
+
+def _list_files(
+    argument: str,
+    human_readable: bool,
+    as_tree: bool,
+    recursive: bool,
+    token: str | None,
+) -> None:
+    """List files in a bucket."""
+    if as_tree and out.mode == OutputFormat.json:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --tree with --format json.")
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    parsed = _parse_bucket_uri(argument)
+    items = list(
+        api.list_bucket_tree(
+            parsed.id,
+            prefix=parsed.path_in_repo or None,
+            recursive=recursive,
+        )
+    )
+
+    print_file_listing(items, human_readable=human_readable, as_tree=as_tree, recursive=recursive)
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="info",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets info user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets info hf://buckets/user/my-bucket",
+    ],
+)
+def info(
+    bucket_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="Bucket ID: namespace/bucket_name or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name",
+        ),
+    ],
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Get info about a bucket."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    parsed = _parse_bucket_uri(bucket_id)
+    bucket = api.bucket_info(parsed.id)
+    out.dict(bucket, id_key="id")
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="delete",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets delete user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets delete hf://buckets/user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets delete user/my-bucket --yes",
+        "hf buckets delete user/my-bucket --missing-ok",
+    ],
+)
+def delete(
+    bucket_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="Bucket ID: namespace/bucket_name or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name",
+        ),
+    ],
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--yes",
+            "-y",
+            help="Skip confirmation prompt.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    missing_ok: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--missing-ok",
+            help="Do not raise an error if the bucket does not exist.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Delete a bucket.
+
+    This deletes the entire bucket and all its contents. Use `hf buckets rm` to remove individual files.
+    """
+    if bucket_id.startswith(BUCKET_PREFIX):
+        parsed = _parse_bucket_uri(bucket_id)
+        if parsed.path_in_repo:
+            raise click.BadParameter(
+                f"Cannot specify a prefix for bucket deletion: {bucket_id}."
+                f" Use namespace/bucket_name or {BUCKET_PREFIX}namespace/bucket_name."
+            )
+        bucket_id = parsed.id
+    elif "/" not in bucket_id:
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f"Invalid bucket ID: {bucket_id}."
+            f" Must be in format namespace/bucket_name or {BUCKET_PREFIX}namespace/bucket_name."
+        )
+
+    out.confirm(f"Are you sure you want to delete bucket '{bucket_id}'?", yes=yes)
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.delete_bucket(bucket_id, missing_ok=missing_ok)
+    out.result("Bucket deleted", bucket_id=bucket_id)
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="remove | rm",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets remove user/my-bucket/file.txt",
+        "hf buckets rm hf://buckets/user/my-bucket/file.txt",
+        "hf buckets rm user/my-bucket/logs/ --recursive",
+        'hf buckets rm user/my-bucket --recursive --include "*.tmp"',
+        "hf buckets rm user/my-bucket/data/ --recursive --dry-run",
+    ],
+)
+def remove(
+    argument: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help=(
+                "Bucket path: namespace/bucket_name/path or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name/path."
+                " With --recursive, namespace/bucket_name is also accepted to target all files."
+            ),
+        ),
+    ],
+    recursive: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--recursive",
+            "-R",
+            help="Remove files recursively under the given prefix.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--yes",
+            "-y",
+            help="Skip confirmation prompt.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    dry_run: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--dry-run",
+            help="Preview what would be deleted without actually deleting.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    include: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Include only files matching pattern (can specify multiple). Requires --recursive.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exclude: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Exclude files matching pattern (can specify multiple). Requires --recursive.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Remove files from a bucket.
+
+    To delete an entire bucket, use `hf buckets delete` instead.
+    """
+    parsed = _parse_bucket_uri(argument)
+    bucket_id = parsed.id
+    prefix = parsed.path_in_repo
+
+    if prefix == "" and not recursive:
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f"No file path specified. To remove files, provide a path"
+            f" (e.g. '{bucket_id}/FILE') or use --recursive to remove all files."
+            f" To delete the entire bucket, use `hf buckets delete {bucket_id}`."
+        )
+
+    if (include or exclude) and not recursive:
+        raise click.BadParameter("--include and --exclude require --recursive.")
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+
+    if recursive:
+        status = out.status("Listing files from remote")
+
+        all_files: list[BucketFile] = []
+        for item in api.list_bucket_tree(
+            bucket_id,
+            prefix=prefix or None,
+            recursive=True,
+        ):
+            if isinstance(item, BucketFile):
+                all_files.append(item)
+                status.update(f"Listing files from remote ({len(all_files)} files)")
+        status.done(f"Listing files from remote ({len(all_files)} files)")
+
+        if include or exclude:
+            matcher = FilterMatcher(include_patterns=include, exclude_patterns=exclude)
+            matched_files = [f for f in all_files if matcher.matches(f.path)]
+        else:
+            matched_files = all_files
+
+        file_paths = [f.path for f in matched_files]
+        total_size = sum(f.size for f in matched_files)
+        size_str = format_size(total_size, human_readable=True)
+
+        if not file_paths:
+            out.text("No files to remove.")
+            return
+
+        count_label = f"{len(file_paths)} file(s) totaling {size_str}"
+
+        if not yes and not dry_run:
+            out.text("\n".join(f"  {path}" for path in file_paths))
+            out.confirm(f"Remove {count_label} from '{bucket_id}'?", yes=False)
+
+        if dry_run:
+            out.text("\n".join(f"delete: {BUCKET_PREFIX}{bucket_id}/{path}" for path in file_paths))
+            out.text(f"(dry run) {count_label} would be removed.")
+            return
+
+        api.batch_bucket_files(bucket_id, delete=file_paths)
+        out.result(
+            f"Removed {count_label} from '{bucket_id}'",
+            bucket_id=bucket_id,
+            files_deleted=len(file_paths),
+            size=size_str,
+        )
+
+    else:
+        file_path = prefix
+        if not file_path:
+            raise click.BadParameter("File path cannot be empty.")
+
+        if dry_run:
+            out.text(f"delete: {BUCKET_PREFIX}{bucket_id}/{file_path}")
+            out.text("(dry run) 1 file would be removed.")
+            return
+
+        out.confirm(f"Remove '{file_path}' from '{bucket_id}'?", yes=yes)
+
+        api.batch_bucket_files(bucket_id, delete=[file_path])
+        out.result("File removed", path=file_path, bucket_id=bucket_id)
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="move",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets move user/old-bucket user/new-bucket",
+        "hf buckets move user/my-bucket my-org/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets move hf://buckets/user/old-bucket hf://buckets/user/new-bucket",
+    ],
+)
+def move(
+    from_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="Source bucket ID: namespace/bucket_name or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name",
+        ),
+    ],
+    to_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="Destination bucket ID: namespace/bucket_name or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name",
+        ),
+    ],
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Move (rename) a bucket to a new name or namespace."""
+    # Parse from_id
+    parsed_from = _parse_bucket_uri(from_id)
+    if parsed_from.path_in_repo:
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f"Cannot specify a prefix for bucket move: {from_id}."
+            f" Use namespace/bucket_name or {BUCKET_PREFIX}namespace/bucket_name."
+        )
+
+    # Parse to_id
+    parsed_to = _parse_bucket_uri(to_id)
+    if parsed_to.path_in_repo:
+        raise click.BadParameter(
+            f"Cannot specify a prefix for bucket move: {to_id}."
+            f" Use namespace/bucket_name or {BUCKET_PREFIX}namespace/bucket_name."
+        )
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.move_bucket(from_id=parsed_from.id, to_id=parsed_to.id)
+    out.result("Bucket moved", from_id=parsed_from.id, to_id=parsed_to.id)
+
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Sync command
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+@buckets_cli.command(
+    name="sync",
+    examples=[
+        "hf buckets sync ./data hf://buckets/user/my-bucket",
+        "hf buckets sync hf://buckets/user/my-bucket ./data",
+        "hf buckets sync ./data hf://buckets/user/my-bucket --delete",
+        'hf buckets sync hf://buckets/user/my-bucket ./data --include "*.safetensors" --exclude "*.tmp"',
+        "hf buckets sync ./data hf://buckets/user/my-bucket --plan sync-plan.jsonl",
+        "hf buckets sync --apply sync-plan.jsonl",
+        "hf buckets sync ./data hf://buckets/user/my-bucket --dry-run",
+        "hf buckets sync ./data hf://buckets/user/my-bucket --dry-run | jq .",
+    ],
+)
+def sync(
+    source: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Argument(
+            help="Source path: local directory or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name(/prefix)",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    dest: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Argument(
+            help="Destination path: local directory or hf://buckets/namespace/bucket_name(/prefix)",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    delete: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            help="Delete destination files not present in source.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    ignore_times: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--ignore-times",
+            help="Skip files only based on size, ignoring modification times.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    ignore_sizes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--ignore-sizes",
+            help="Skip files only based on modification times, ignoring sizes.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    plan: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Save sync plan to JSONL file for review instead of executing.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    apply: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Apply a previously saved plan file.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    dry_run: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--dry-run",
+            help="Print sync plan to stdout as JSONL without executing.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    include: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Include files matching pattern (can specify multiple).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exclude: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Exclude files matching pattern (can specify multiple).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    filter_from: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Read include/exclude patterns from file.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    existing: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--existing",
+            help="Skip creating new files on receiver (only update existing files).",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    ignore_existing: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--ignore-existing",
+            help="Skip updating files that exist on receiver (only create new files).",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    verbose: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--verbose",
+            "-v",
+            help="Show detailed logging with reasoning.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Sync files between local directory and a bucket."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.sync_bucket(
+        source=source,
+        dest=dest,
+        delete=delete,
+        ignore_times=ignore_times,
+        ignore_sizes=ignore_sizes,
+        existing=existing,
+        ignore_existing=ignore_existing,
+        include=include,
+        exclude=exclude,
+        filter_from=filter_from,
+        plan=plan,
+        apply=apply,
+        dry_run=dry_run,
+        verbose=verbose,
+        quiet=out.is_quiet(),
+    )
+    if plan and not out.is_quiet():
+        out.hint(f"Run `hf buckets sync --apply {plan}` to execute this plan.")
+
+
+# =============================================================================
+# Cp command
+# =============================================================================
+
+
+# `hf buckets cp` is an alias for the top-level `hf cp` command (see `cli/_cp.py`).
+buckets_cli.command(
+    name="cp",
+    examples=[
+        # Download (repo or bucket -> local / stdout)
+        "hf buckets cp hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/config.json config.json",
+        "hf buckets cp hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/data.csv data/",
+        "hf buckets cp hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/config.json -",
+        # Upload (local / stdin -> bucket)
+        "hf buckets cp model.safetensors hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/model.safetensors",
+        "hf buckets cp config.json hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/logs/",
+        "hf buckets cp - hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/config.json",
+        # Remote to remote (repo or bucket -> bucket)
+        "hf buckets cp hf://buckets/username/my-bucket/data.csv hf://buckets/username/dest-bucket/",
+        "hf buckets cp hf://buckets/username/source-bucket/logs/ hf://buckets/username/dest-bucket/logs/",
+    ],
+)(make_cp("buckets"))

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/discussions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains commands to interact with discussions and pull requests on the Hugging Face Hub."""
+
+import enum
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Annotated
+
+import click
+
+from huggingface_hub import constants
+
+from ._cli_utils import (
+    AuthorOpt,
+    LimitOpt,
+    RepoIdArg,
+    RepoType,
+    RepoTypeOpt,
+    TokenOpt,
+    get_hf_api,
+    typer_factory,
+)
+from ._framework import Argument, Option
+from ._output import _dataclass_to_dict, out
+
+
+class DiscussionStatus(str, enum.Enum):
+    open = "open"
+    closed = "closed"
+    merged = "merged"
+    draft = "draft"
+    all = "all"
+
+
+class DiscussionKind(str, enum.Enum):
+    all = "all"
+    discussion = "discussion"
+    pull_request = "pull_request"
+
+
+# "merged" and "draft" are valid Discussion statuses but the Hub API filter
+# (DiscussionStatusFilter) only accepts "all", "open", "closed". When the user
+# asks for merged/draft we fetch with api_status=None (i.e. all) and filter
+# client-side.
+_CLIENT_SIDE_STATUSES = {"merged", "draft"}
+
+
+DiscussionNumArg = Annotated[
+    int,
+    Argument(
+        help="The discussion or pull request number.",
+        min=1,
+    ),
+]
+
+
+def _read_body(body: str | None, body_file: Path | None) -> str | None:
+    """Resolve body text from --body or --body-file (supports '-' for stdin)."""
+    if body is not None and body_file is not None:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use both --body and --body-file.")
+    if body_file is not None:
+        if str(body_file) == "-":
+            return sys.stdin.read()
+        return body_file.read_text(encoding="utf-8")
+    return body
+
+
+discussions_cli = typer_factory(help="Manage discussions and pull requests on the Hub.")
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "list | ls",
+    examples=[
+        "hf discussions list username/my-model",
+        "hf discussions list username/my-model --kind pull_request --status merged",
+        "hf discussions list username/my-dataset --type dataset --status closed",
+        "hf discussions list username/my-model --author alice --format json",
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_list(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    status: Annotated[
+        DiscussionStatus,
+        Option(
+            "-s",
+            "--status",
+            help="Filter by status (open, closed, merged, draft, all).",
+        ),
+    ] = DiscussionStatus.open,
+    kind: Annotated[
+        DiscussionKind,
+        Option(
+            "-k",
+            "--kind",
+            help="Filter by kind (discussion, pull_request, all).",
+        ),
+    ] = DiscussionKind.all,
+    author: AuthorOpt = None,
+    limit: LimitOpt = 30,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List discussions and pull requests on a repo."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+
+    api_status: constants.DiscussionStatusFilter | None
+    if status == DiscussionStatus.open:
+        api_status = "open"
+    elif status == DiscussionStatus.closed:
+        api_status = "closed"
+    else:
+        api_status = None
+
+    api_discussion_type: constants.DiscussionTypeFilter | None
+    if kind == DiscussionKind.all:
+        api_discussion_type = None
+    else:
+        api_discussion_type = kind.value  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+    discussions = []
+    for d in api.get_repo_discussions(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        author=author,
+        discussion_type=api_discussion_type,
+        discussion_status=api_status,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    ):
+        if status.value in _CLIENT_SIDE_STATUSES and d.status != status.value:
+            continue
+        discussions.append(d)
+        if len(discussions) >= limit:
+            break
+
+    items = [_dataclass_to_dict(d) for d in discussions]
+    out.table(
+        items,
+        headers=["num", "title", "is_pull_request", "status", "author", "created_at"],
+        id_key="num",
+    )
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "info",
+    examples=[
+        "hf discussions info username/my-model 5",
+        "hf discussions info username/my-model 5 --format json",
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_info(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Get info about a discussion or pull request."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    details = api.get_discussion_details(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.dict(details)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "create",
+    examples=[
+        'hf discussions create username/my-model --title "Bug report"',
+        'hf discussions create username/my-model --title "Feature request" --body "Please add X"',
+        'hf discussions create username/my-model --title "Fix typo" --pull-request',
+        'hf discussions create username/my-dataset --type dataset --title "Data quality issue"',
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_create(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Option(
+            "--title",
+            help="The title of the discussion or pull request.",
+        ),
+    ],
+    body: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--body",
+            help="The description (supports Markdown).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    body_file: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        Option(
+            "--body-file",
+            help="Read the description from a file. Use '-' for stdin.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    pull_request: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--pull-request",
+            "--pr",
+            help="Create a pull request instead of a discussion.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Create a new discussion or pull request on a repo."""
+    description = _read_body(body, body_file)
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    discussion = api.create_discussion(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        title=title,
+        description=description,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+        pull_request=pull_request,
+    )
+    kind = "pull request" if pull_request else "discussion"
+    ref = f"refs/pr/{discussion.num}" if pull_request else None
+    out.result(f"Created {kind} #{discussion.num} on {repo_id}", num=discussion.num, url=discussion.url, ref=ref)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "comment",
+    examples=[
+        'hf discussions comment username/my-model 5 --body "Thanks for reporting!"',
+        'hf discussions comment username/my-model 5 --body "LGTM!"',
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_comment(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    body: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--body",
+            help="The comment text (supports Markdown).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    body_file: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        Option(
+            "--body-file",
+            help="Read the comment from a file. Use '-' for stdin.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Comment on a discussion or pull request."""
+    comment = _read_body(body, body_file)
+    if comment is None:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Either --body or --body-file is required.")
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.comment_discussion(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        comment=comment,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.result(f"Commented on #{num} in {repo_id}", num=num, repo=repo_id)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "edit",
+    examples=[
+        'hf discussions edit username/my-model 5 abc123 --body "Updated comment."',
+        "hf discussions edit username/my-model 5 abc123 --body-file fixed.md",
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_edit(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    comment_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="The ID of the comment to edit (see 'hf discussions info ... --format json').",
+        ),
+    ],
+    body: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--body",
+            help="The new comment text (supports Markdown).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    body_file: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        Option(
+            "--body-file",
+            help="Read the new comment from a file. Use '-' for stdin.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Edit an existing comment on a discussion or pull request."""
+    new_content = _read_body(body, body_file)
+    if new_content is None:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Either --body or --body-file is required.")
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.edit_discussion_comment(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        comment_id=comment_id,
+        new_content=new_content,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.result(f"Edited comment {comment_id} on #{num} in {repo_id}", num=num, repo=repo_id, comment_id=comment_id)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "close",
+    examples=[
+        "hf discussions close username/my-model 5",
+        'hf discussions close username/my-model 5 --comment "Closing as resolved."',
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_close(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--comment",
+            help="An optional comment to post when closing.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--yes",
+            "-y",
+            help="Skip confirmation prompt.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Close a discussion or pull request."""
+    out.confirm(f"Close #{num} on '{repo_id}'?", yes=yes)
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.change_discussion_status(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        new_status="closed",
+        comment=comment,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.result(f"Closed #{num} in {repo_id}", num=num, repo=repo_id)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "reopen",
+    examples=[
+        "hf discussions reopen username/my-model 5",
+        'hf discussions reopen username/my-model 5 --comment "Reopening for further investigation."',
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_reopen(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--comment",
+            help="An optional comment to post when reopening.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--yes",
+            "-y",
+            help="Skip confirmation prompt.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Reopen a closed discussion or pull request."""
+    out.confirm(f"Reopen #{num} on '{repo_id}'?", yes=yes)
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.change_discussion_status(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        new_status="open",
+        comment=comment,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.result(f"Reopened #{num} in {repo_id}", num=num, repo=repo_id)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "rename",
+    examples=[
+        'hf discussions rename username/my-model 5 "Updated title"',
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_rename(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    new_title: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="The new title.",
+        ),
+    ],
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Rename a discussion or pull request."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.rename_discussion(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        new_title=new_title,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.result(f"Renamed #{num} in {repo_id}", num=num, repo=repo_id, title=new_title)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "merge",
+    examples=[
+        "hf discussions merge username/my-model 5",
+        'hf discussions merge username/my-model 5 --comment "Merging, thanks!"',
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_merge(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    comment: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--comment",
+            help="An optional comment to post when merging.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--yes",
+            "-y",
+            help="Skip confirmation prompt.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Merge a pull request."""
+    out.confirm(f"Merge #{num} on '{repo_id}'?", yes=yes)
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.merge_pull_request(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        comment=comment,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    out.result(f"Merged #{num} in {repo_id}", num=num, repo=repo_id)
+
+
+@discussions_cli.command(
+    "diff",
+    examples=[
+        "hf discussions diff username/my-model 5",
+    ],
+)
+def discussion_diff(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    num: DiscussionNumArg,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOpt = RepoType.model,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Show the diff of a pull request."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    details = api.get_discussion_details(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        discussion_num=num,
+        repo_type=repo_type.value,
+    )
+    if details.diff:
+        out.text(details.diff)
+    else:
+        out.text("No diff available.")

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/download.py

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# Copyright 202-present, the HuggingFace Inc. team.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains command to download files from the Hub with the CLI."""
+
+import warnings
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from huggingface_hub import constants
+from huggingface_hub._snapshot_download import snapshot_download
+from huggingface_hub.errors import CLIError
+from huggingface_hub.file_download import DryRunFileInfo, hf_hub_download
+from huggingface_hub.utils import _format_size, parse_hf_uri
+
+from ._cli_utils import RepoIdArg, RepoType, RepoTypeOptionalOpt, RevisionOpt, TokenOpt
+from ._framework import Argument, Option
+from ._output import out
+
+
+DOWNLOAD_EXAMPLES = [
+    "hf download meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct",
+    "hf download meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct config.json tokenizer.json",
+    'hf download meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct --include "*.safetensors" --exclude "*.bin"',
+    "hf download meta-llama/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct --local-dir ./models/llama",
+    "hf download HuggingFaceM4/FineVision art/ --repo-type dataset",
+    "hf download hf://datasets/HuggingFaceH4/ultrachat_200k",
+]
+
+
+def download(
+    repo_id: RepoIdArg,
+    filenames: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Argument(
+            help="Files to download (e.g. `config.json`, `data/metadata.jsonl`).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    repo_type: RepoTypeOptionalOpt = None,
+    revision: RevisionOpt = None,
+    include: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Glob patterns to include from files to download. eg: *.json",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    exclude: Annotated[
+        list[str] | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Glob patterns to exclude from files to download.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    cache_dir: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Directory where to save files.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    local_dir: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            help="If set, the downloaded file will be placed under this directory. Check out https://huggingface.co/docs/huggingface_hub/guides/download#download-files-to-a-local-folder for more details.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    force_download: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            help="If True, the files will be downloaded even if they are already cached.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    dry_run: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            help="If True, perform a dry run without actually downloading the file.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+    max_workers: Annotated[
+        int,
+        Option(
+            help="Maximum number of workers to use for downloading files. Default is 8.",
+        ),
+    ] = 8,
+) -> None:
+    """Download files from the Hub."""
+    if local_dir is not None and cache_dir is not None:
+        raise CLIError(
+            "Cannot use both `--local-dir` and `--cache-dir` at the same time. "
+            "Use `--cache-dir` (or set the HF_HOME environment variable) for shared caching, "
+            "or `--local-dir` for a one-off download to a specific directory."
+        )
+
+    # `repo_id` may be a plain repo id or an `hf://` URI (e.g. `hf://datasets/my-org/my-dataset@v1.0/data/`).
+    # When a URI is provided, it is authoritative for the repo type, revision and (optionally) file path,
+    # so explicit `--repo-type` / `--revision` options are forbidden alongside it.
+    # We branch on the `hf://` prefix (the user's *intent*) rather than on whether the string parses as a
+    # valid URI: a malformed URI then surfaces a precise `HfUriError` (formatted globally in `cli/_errors.py`)
+    # instead of silently falling through to the plain-repo-id path and failing later with an opaque error.
+    if repo_id.startswith(constants.HF_PROTOCOL):
+        if repo_type is not None:
+            raise CLIError(f"'--repo-type' cannot be used with an 'hf://' URI ('{repo_id}').")
+        if revision is not None:
+            raise CLIError(f"'--revision' cannot be used with an 'hf://' URI ('{repo_id}').")
+        uri = parse_hf_uri(repo_id)
+        if uri.is_bucket:
+            raise CLIError("Buckets are not supported by `hf download`. Use `hf sync` instead.")
+        # The URI parser strips trailing slashes, but `hf download` uses a trailing '/' to denote a subfolder
+        # download (e.g. `data/` -> `data/**`). Re-append it when the URI explicitly ended with '/' so a folder
+        # URI keeps routing through the subfolder code path below.
+        path_in_repo = uri.path_in_repo
+        if path_in_repo and repo_id.endswith("/"):
+            path_in_repo += "/"
+        repo_id, repo_type_str, revision = uri.id, uri.type, uri.revision
+        if path_in_repo:
+            if filenames:
+                raise CLIError(
+                    f"Cannot combine a file path in the hf:// URI ('{path_in_repo}') with positional filenames {filenames}."
+                )
+            filenames = [path_in_repo]
+    else:
+        repo_type_str = (repo_type or RepoType.model).value
+
+    def run_download() -> str | DryRunFileInfo | list[DryRunFileInfo]:
+        filenames_list = filenames if filenames is not None else []
+
+        # Separate subfolder patterns (ending with '/') from regular filenames
+        # Subfolders like "art/" are converted to include patterns like "art/**"
+        subfolders = [f for f in filenames_list if f.endswith("/")]
+        subfolder_patterns = [f"{f.rstrip('/')}/**" for f in subfolders]
+        regular_filenames = [f for f in filenames_list if not f.endswith("/")]
+
+        # Error if subfolder patterns are combined with --include/--exclude
+        # Guide user to use --include instead of subfolder argument
+        if len(subfolder_patterns) > 0:
+            if include is not None and len(include) > 0:
+                raise CLIError(
+                    f"Cannot combine subfolder argument ('{subfolders[0]}') with `--include`. "
+                    f'Please use `--include "{subfolders[0]}*"` instead.'
+                )
+            if exclude is not None and len(exclude) > 0:
+                raise CLIError(
+                    f"Cannot combine subfolder argument ('{subfolders[0]}') with `--exclude`. "
+                    f'Please use `--include "{subfolders[0]}*"` with `--exclude` instead.'
+                )
+
+        # Warn user if patterns are ignored (only if regular filenames are provided)
+        if len(regular_filenames) > 0:
+            if include is not None and len(include) > 0:
+                warnings.warn("Ignoring `--include` since filenames have been explicitly set.")
+            if exclude is not None and len(exclude) > 0:
+                warnings.warn("Ignoring `--exclude` since filenames have been explicitly set.")
+
+        # Single file to download (not a subfolder): use `hf_hub_download`
+        if len(regular_filenames) == 1 and len(subfolder_patterns) == 0:
+            return hf_hub_download(
+                repo_id=repo_id,
+                repo_type=repo_type_str,
+                revision=revision,
+                filename=regular_filenames[0],
+                cache_dir=cache_dir,
+                force_download=force_download,
+                token=token,
+                local_dir=local_dir,
+                library_name="huggingface-cli",
+                dry_run=dry_run,
+            )
+
+        # Otherwise: use `snapshot_download` to ensure all files comes from same revision
+        if len(regular_filenames) == 0 and len(subfolder_patterns) == 0:
+            # No filenames provided: use include/exclude patterns
+            allow_patterns = include
+            ignore_patterns = exclude
+        else:
+            # Combine regular filenames and subfolder patterns as allow_patterns
+            allow_patterns = regular_filenames + subfolder_patterns
+            ignore_patterns = None
+
+        return snapshot_download(
+            repo_id=repo_id,
+            repo_type=repo_type_str,
+            revision=revision,
+            allow_patterns=allow_patterns,
+            ignore_patterns=ignore_patterns,
+            force_download=force_download,
+            cache_dir=cache_dir,
+            token=token,
+            local_dir=local_dir,
+            library_name="huggingface-cli",
+            max_workers=max_workers,
+            dry_run=dry_run,
+        )
+
+    def _print_result(result: str | DryRunFileInfo | list[DryRunFileInfo]) -> None:
+        if isinstance(result, str):
+            out.result("Downloaded", path=result)
+            return
+
+        # Print dry run info
+        if isinstance(result, DryRunFileInfo):
+            result = [result]
+        will_download = [r for r in result if r.will_download]
+        out.text(
+            f"[dry-run] Will download {len(will_download)} files"
+            f" (out of {len(result)})"
+            f" totalling {_format_size(sum(r.file_size for r in will_download))}."
+        )
+        items = [
+            {
+                "file": info.filename,
+                "size": _format_size(info.file_size) if info.will_download else "-",
+            }
+            for info in sorted(result, key=lambda x: x.filename)
+        ]
+        out.table(items)
+
+    _print_result(run_download())

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/hf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+# Copyright 2020 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import os
+import sys
+import traceback
+from typing import Annotated
+
+import click
+
+from huggingface_hub import __version__, constants
+from huggingface_hub.cli._cli_utils import check_cli_update, fallback_typer_group_factory, typer_factory
+from huggingface_hub.cli._cp import CP_EXAMPLES, make_cp
+from huggingface_hub.cli._errors import format_known_exception
+from huggingface_hub.cli._output import out
+from huggingface_hub.cli.auth import auth_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.buckets import buckets_cli, sync
+from huggingface_hub.cli.cache import cache_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.collections import collections_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.datasets import datasets_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.discussions import discussions_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.download import DOWNLOAD_EXAMPLES, download
+from huggingface_hub.cli.extensions import (
+    dispatch_unknown_top_level_extension,
+    extensions_cli,
+    list_installed_extensions_for_help,
+)
+from huggingface_hub.cli.inference_endpoints import ie_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.jobs import jobs_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.lfs import lfs_enable_largefiles, lfs_multipart_upload
+from huggingface_hub.cli.models import models_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.papers import papers_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.repo_files import repo_files_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.repos import repos_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.sandbox import sandbox_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.skills import skills_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.spaces import spaces_cli
+from huggingface_hub.cli.system import env, update, version
+from huggingface_hub.cli.upload import UPLOAD_EXAMPLES, upload
+from huggingface_hub.cli.upload_large_folder import UPLOAD_LARGE_FOLDER_EXAMPLES, upload_large_folder
+from huggingface_hub.cli.webhooks import webhooks_cli
+from huggingface_hub.utils import logging
+
+from ._completion import _COMPLETE_VAR, InstallCompletionOpt, ShowCompletionOpt
+from ._framework import Option
+
+
+app = typer_factory(
+    help="Hugging Face Hub CLI",
+    cls=fallback_typer_group_factory(
+        dispatch_unknown_top_level_extension,
+        extra_commands_provider=list_installed_extensions_for_help,
+    ),
+)
+
+
+def _version_callback(value: bool) -> None:
+    if value:
+        print(__version__)
+        raise click.exceptions.Exit()
+
+
+@app.group_callback(invoke_without_command=True)
+def app_callback(
+    version: Annotated[
+        bool | None, Option("-v", "--version", callback=_version_callback, is_eager=True, hidden=True)
+    ] = None,
+    install_completion: InstallCompletionOpt = False,
+    show_completion: ShowCompletionOpt = False,
+) -> None:
+    pass
+
+
+# top level single commands (defined in their respective files)
+app.command(examples=CP_EXAMPLES)(make_cp())
+app.command()(sync)
+app.command(examples=DOWNLOAD_EXAMPLES)(download)
+app.command(examples=UPLOAD_EXAMPLES)(upload)
+app.command(examples=UPLOAD_LARGE_FOLDER_EXAMPLES)(upload_large_folder)
+
+app.command(topic="help")(env)
+app.command(topic="help")(update)
+app.command(topic="help")(version)
+
+app.command(hidden=True)(lfs_enable_largefiles)
+app.command(hidden=True)(lfs_multipart_upload)
+
+# command groups
+app.add_group(auth_cli, name="auth")
+app.add_group(buckets_cli, name="buckets")
+app.add_group(cache_cli, name="cache")
+app.add_group(collections_cli, name="collections")
+app.add_group(datasets_cli, name="datasets")
+app.add_group(discussions_cli, name="discussions")
+app.add_group(jobs_cli, name="jobs")
+app.add_group(models_cli, name="models")
+app.add_group(papers_cli, name="papers")
+app.add_group(repos_cli, name="repos | repo")
+app.add_group(repo_files_cli, name="repo-files", hidden=True)
+app.add_group(sandbox_cli, name="sandbox")
+app.add_group(skills_cli, name="skills")
+app.add_group(spaces_cli, name="spaces")
+app.add_group(webhooks_cli, name="webhooks")
+app.add_group(ie_cli, name="endpoints")
+app.add_group(extensions_cli, name="extensions | ext")
+
+
+def main():
+    # Shell-completion requests must stay fast and emit nothing but candidates:
+    # skip the startup work and let click handle the env var inside `app()`.
+    if _COMPLETE_VAR not in os.environ:
+        if not constants.HF_DEBUG:
+            logging.set_verbosity_info()
+        check_cli_update("huggingface_hub")
+
+    try:
+        app()
+    except Exception as e:
+        message = format_known_exception(e)
+        if message:
+            out.error(message)
+            if constants.HF_DEBUG:
+                traceback.print_exc()
+            else:
+                out.hint("set HF_DEBUG=1 as environment variable for full traceback.")
+            sys.exit(1)
+        raise
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/lfs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+"""
+Implementation of a custom transfer agent for the transfer type "multipart" for
+git-lfs.
+
+Inspired by:
+github.com/cbartz/git-lfs-swift-transfer-agent/blob/master/git_lfs_swift_transfer.py
+
+Spec is: github.com/git-lfs/git-lfs/blob/master/docs/custom-transfers.md
+
+
+To launch debugger while developing:
+
+``` [lfs "customtransfer.multipart"]
+path = /path/to/huggingface_hub/.venv/bin/python args = -m debugpy --listen 5678
+--wait-for-client
+/path/to/huggingface_hub/src/huggingface_hub/commands/huggingface_cli.py
+lfs-multipart-upload ```"""
+
+import json
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+from typing import Annotated
+
+from huggingface_hub.errors import CLIError
+from huggingface_hub.lfs import LFS_MULTIPART_UPLOAD_COMMAND
+
+from ..utils import get_session, hf_raise_for_status, logging
+from ..utils._lfs import SliceFileObj
+from ._framework import Argument
+from ._output import out
+
+
+logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
+
+
+def lfs_enable_largefiles(
+    path: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="Local path to repository you want to configure.",
+        ),
+    ],
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Configure your repository to enable upload of files > 5GB.
+
+    This command sets up git-lfs to use the custom multipart transfer agent
+    which enables efficient uploading of large files in chunks.
+    """
+    local_path = os.path.abspath(path)
+    if not os.path.isdir(local_path):
+        raise CLIError("This does not look like a valid git repo.")
+    subprocess.run(
+        "git config lfs.customtransfer.multipart.path hf".split(),
+        check=True,
+        cwd=local_path,
+    )
+    subprocess.run(
+        f"git config lfs.customtransfer.multipart.args {LFS_MULTIPART_UPLOAD_COMMAND}".split(),
+        check=True,
+        cwd=local_path,
+    )
+    out.result("Local repo set up for largefiles", path=local_path)
+
+
+def write_msg(msg: dict):
+    """Write out the message in Line delimited JSON."""
+    msg_str = json.dumps(msg) + "\n"
+    sys.stdout.write(msg_str)
+    sys.stdout.flush()
+
+
+def read_msg() -> dict | None:
+    """Read Line delimited JSON from stdin."""
+    msg = json.loads(sys.stdin.readline().strip())
+
+    if "terminate" in (msg.get("type"), msg.get("event")):
+        # terminate message received
+        return None
+
+    if msg.get("event") not in ("download", "upload"):
+        logger.critical("Received unexpected message")
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    return msg
+
+
+def lfs_multipart_upload() -> None:
+    """Internal git-lfs custom transfer agent for multipart uploads.
+
+    This function implements the custom transfer protocol for git-lfs multipart uploads.
+    Handles chunked uploads of large files to Hugging Face Hub.
+    """
+    # Immediately after invoking a custom transfer process, git-lfs
+    # sends initiation data to the process over stdin.
+    # This tells the process useful information about the configuration.
+    init_msg = json.loads(sys.stdin.readline().strip())
+    if not (init_msg.get("event") == "init" and init_msg.get("operation") == "upload"):
+        write_msg({"error": {"code": 32, "message": "Wrong lfs init operation"}})
+        sys.exit(1)
+
+    # The transfer process should use the information it needs from the
+    # initiation structure, and also perform any one-off setup tasks it
+    # needs to do. It should then respond on stdout with a simple empty
+    # confirmation structure, as follows:
+    write_msg({})
+
+    # After the initiation exchange, git-lfs will send any number of
+    # transfer requests to the stdin of the transfer process, in a serial sequence.
+    while True:
+        msg = read_msg()
+        if msg is None:
+            # When all transfers have been processed, git-lfs will send
+            # a terminate event to the stdin of the transfer process.
+            # On receiving this message the transfer process should
+            # clean up and terminate. No response is expected.
+            sys.exit(0)
+
+        oid = msg["oid"]
+        filepath = msg["path"]
+        completion_url = msg["action"]["href"]
+        header = msg["action"]["header"]
+        chunk_size = int(header.pop("chunk_size"))
+        presigned_urls: list[str] = list(header.values())
+
+        # Send a "started" progress event to allow other workers to start.
+        # Otherwise they're delayed until first "progress" event is reported,
+        # i.e. after the first 5GB by default (!)
+        write_msg(
+            {
+                "event": "progress",
+                "oid": oid,
+                "bytesSoFar": 1,
+                "bytesSinceLast": 0,
+            }
+        )
+
+        parts = []
+        with open(filepath, "rb") as file:
+            for i, presigned_url in enumerate(presigned_urls):
+                with SliceFileObj(
+                    file,
+                    seek_from=i * chunk_size,
+                    read_limit=chunk_size,
+                ) as data:
+                    r = get_session().put(presigned_url, data=data)
+                    hf_raise_for_status(r)
+                    parts.append(
+                        {
+                            "etag": r.headers.get("etag"),
+                            "partNumber": i + 1,
+                        }
+                    )
+                    # In order to support progress reporting while data is uploading / downloading,
+                    # the transfer process should post messages to stdout
+                    write_msg(
+                        {
+                            "event": "progress",
+                            "oid": oid,
+                            "bytesSoFar": (i + 1) * chunk_size,
+                            "bytesSinceLast": chunk_size,
+                        }
+                    )
+
+        r = get_session().post(
+            completion_url,
+            json={
+                "oid": oid,
+                "parts": parts,
+            },
+        )
+        hf_raise_for_status(r)
+
+        write_msg({"event": "complete", "oid": oid})

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/cli/spaces.py

@@ -0,0 +1,1090 @@
+# Copyright 2026 The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+"""Contains commands to interact with spaces on the Hugging Face Hub."""
+
+import enum
+import functools
+import itertools
+import os
+import shlex
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import tempfile
+import time
+from collections import deque
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Annotated, Literal, get_args
+
+import click
+from packaging import version
+from typing_extensions import assert_never
+
+from huggingface_hub._hot_reload.client import multi_replica_reload_events
+from huggingface_hub._hot_reload.types import ApiGetReloadEventSourceData, ReloadRegion
+from huggingface_hub._space_api import SpaceHardware, SpaceStage
+from huggingface_hub.cli._cli_utils import SoftChoice
+from huggingface_hub.errors import CLIError, RemoteEntryNotFoundError, RepositoryNotFoundError, RevisionNotFoundError
+from huggingface_hub.file_download import hf_hub_download
+from huggingface_hub.hf_api import ExpandSpaceProperty_T, HfApi, SpaceSort_T
+from huggingface_hub.repocard import SpaceCard
+from huggingface_hub.utils import disable_progress_bars
+from huggingface_hub.utils._parsing import parse_duration
+
+from ._cli_utils import (
+    REPO_LIST_DEFAULT_LIMIT,
+    AuthorOpt,
+    EnvFileOpt,
+    EnvOpt,
+    FilterOpt,
+    LimitOpt,
+    RevisionOpt,
+    SearchOpt,
+    SecretsFileOpt,
+    SecretsOpt,
+    SshDryRunOpt,
+    SshIdentityFileOpt,
+    TokenOpt,
+    VolumesOpt,
+    exec_ssh,
+    get_hf_api,
+    make_expand_properties_parser,
+    parse_env_map,
+    parse_volumes,
+    typer_factory,
+)
+from ._file_listing import list_repo_files_cmd
+from ._framework import Argument, Option
+from ._output import _dataclass_to_dict, out
+
+
+HOT_RELOADING_MIN_GRADIO = "6.1.0"
+
+
+_EXPAND_PROPERTIES = sorted(get_args(ExpandSpaceProperty_T))
+_SORT_OPTIONS = get_args(SpaceSort_T)
+SpaceSortEnum = enum.Enum("SpaceSortEnum", {s: s for s in _SORT_OPTIONS}, type=str)  # type: ignore[misc]
+
+
+ExpandOpt = Annotated[
+    str | None,
+    Option(
+        help=f"Comma-separated properties to return. When used, only the listed properties (and id) are returned. Example: '--expand=likes,tags'. Valid: {', '.join(_EXPAND_PROPERTIES)}.",
+        callback=make_expand_properties_parser(_EXPAND_PROPERTIES),
+    ),
+]
+
+spaces_cli = typer_factory(help="Interact with spaces on the Hub.")
+volumes_cli = typer_factory(help="Manage volumes for a Space on the Hub.")
+secrets_cli = typer_factory(help="Manage secrets for a Space on the Hub.")
+variables_cli = typer_factory(help="Manage environment variables for a Space on the Hub.")
+spaces_cli.add_group(volumes_cli, name="volumes")
+spaces_cli.add_group(secrets_cli, name="secrets")
+spaces_cli.add_group(variables_cli, name="variables")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "list | ls",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces ls --limit 10",
+        'hf spaces ls --search "chatbot" --author huggingface',
+        "hf spaces ls victor/deepsite",
+        "hf spaces ls victor/deepsite -R",
+        "hf spaces ls victor/deepsite --tree -h",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_ls(
+    repo_id: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Argument(help="Space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`) to list files from. If omitted, lists spaces."),
+    ] = None,
+    search: SearchOpt = None,
+    author: AuthorOpt = None,
+    filter: FilterOpt = None,
+    sort: Annotated[
+        SpaceSortEnum | None,
+        Option(help="Sort results."),
+    ] = None,
+    limit: LimitOpt = REPO_LIST_DEFAULT_LIMIT,
+    expand: ExpandOpt = None,
+    human_readable: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option("--human-readable", "-h", help="Show sizes in human readable format (only for listing files)."),
+    ] = False,
+    as_tree: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option("--tree", help="List files in tree format (only for listing files)."),
+    ] = False,
+    recursive: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option("--recursive", "-R", help="List files recursively (only for listing files)."),
+    ] = False,
+    revision: RevisionOpt = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List spaces on the Hub, or files in a space repo.
+
+    When called with no argument, lists spaces on the Hub.
+    When called with a space ID, lists files in that space repo.
+    """
+    if repo_id is not None:
+        if search is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --search when listing files.")
+        if author is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --author when listing files.")
+        if filter is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --filter when listing files.")
+        if sort is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --sort when listing files.")
+        if limit != REPO_LIST_DEFAULT_LIMIT:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --limit when listing files.")
+        if expand is not None:
+            raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --expand when listing files.")
+        return list_repo_files_cmd(
+            repo_id=repo_id,
+            repo_type="space",
+            human_readable=human_readable,
+            as_tree=as_tree,
+            recursive=recursive,
+            revision=revision,
+            token=token,
+        )
+
+    if as_tree:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --tree when listing spaces.")
+    if recursive:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --recursive when listing spaces.")
+    if human_readable:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --human-readable when listing spaces.")
+    if revision is not None:
+        raise click.BadParameter("Cannot use --revision when listing spaces.")
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    sort_key = sort.value if sort else None
+    results = [
+        _dataclass_to_dict(space_info)
+        for space_info in api.list_spaces(
+            filter=filter,
+            author=author,
+            search=search,
+            sort=sort_key,
+            limit=limit,
+            expand=expand,  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+        )
+    ]
+    out.table(results)
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "info",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces info enzostvs/deepsite",
+        "hf spaces info gradio/theme_builder --expand sdk,runtime,likes",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_info(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    revision: RevisionOpt = None,
+    expand: ExpandOpt = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Get info about a space on the Hub."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    try:
+        info = api.space_info(repo_id=space_id, revision=revision, expand=expand)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    except RepositoryNotFoundError as e:
+        raise CLIError(f"Space '{space_id}' not found.") from e
+    except RevisionNotFoundError as e:
+        raise CLIError(f"Revision '{revision}' not found on '{space_id}'.") from e
+    out.dict(info)
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "card",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces card mteb/leaderboard",
+        "hf spaces card mteb/leaderboard --metadata",
+        "hf spaces card mteb/leaderboard --metadata --format json",
+        "hf spaces card mteb/leaderboard --text",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_card(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    metadata: Annotated[bool, Option("--metadata", help="Output only the metadata from the card.")] = False,
+    text: Annotated[bool, Option("--text", help="Output only the text body (no metadata).")] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Get the Space card (README) for a Space on the Hub."""
+    if metadata and text:
+        raise CLIError("--metadata and --text are mutually exclusive.")
+    card = SpaceCard.load(space_id, token=token)
+    if metadata:
+        out.dict(card.data.to_dict())
+    elif text:
+        out.text(card.text)
+    else:
+        out.text(card.content)
+        out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces card {space_id} --metadata` to extract only the card metadata.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "templates",
+    examples=["hf spaces templates"],
+)
+def spaces_templates(
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List the available Space templates.
+
+    The `repo_id` (or `name`) of a template can be passed to `hf repos create --template ...` to
+    create a new Space from that template.
+    """
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    templates = [_dataclass_to_dict(template) for template in api.list_space_templates()]
+    out.table(templates, id_key="name")
+    out.hint(
+        "Create a Space from a template with `hf repos create <id> --type space --space-sdk <sdk> --template <repo_id>`."
+    )
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "search",
+    examples=[
+        'hf spaces search "generate image"',
+        'hf spaces search "identify objects in pictures" --sdk gradio --limit 5',
+        'hf spaces search "remove background from photo" --description --json',
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_search(
+    query: Annotated[str, Argument(help="Search query.")],
+    filter: FilterOpt = None,
+    sdk: Annotated[list[str] | None, Option(help="Filter by SDK (e.g. gradio, docker, static).")] = None,
+    include_non_running: Annotated[bool, Option(help="Include non-running spaces in results.")] = False,
+    description: Annotated[bool, Option(help="Show AI-generated descriptions.")] = False,
+    limit: LimitOpt = 10,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Search spaces on the Hub using semantic search."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    results = api.search_spaces(
+        query=query,
+        filter=filter,
+        sdk=sdk,
+        include_non_running=include_non_running,
+        token=token,
+    )
+    items = []
+    for r in itertools.islice(results, limit):
+        item: dict = {
+            "id": r.id,
+            "title": r.title,
+            "sdk": r.sdk,
+            "likes": r.likes,
+            "stage": r.runtime.stage if r.runtime else None,
+            "category": r.ai_category,
+            "score": round(r.semantic_relevancy_score, 2) if r.semantic_relevancy_score is not None else None,
+        }
+        if description:
+            item["description"] = r.ai_short_description
+        items.append(item)
+    out.table(items)
+    if not description:
+        out.hint("Use --description to show AI-generated descriptions.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "wait",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces wait username/my-space",
+        "hf spaces wait username/my-space --timeout 5m",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_wait(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    timeout: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            help="Max time to wait: int with s (seconds, default), m (minutes), h (hours) or d (days).",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Wait for a Space to finish building/starting.
+
+    Blocks until the Space leaves an intermediate stage (BUILDING, APP_STARTING, etc.)
+    and reaches a settled stage. Exits with code 0 if the Space is RUNNING,
+    or a non-zero exit code otherwise (e.g. BUILD_ERROR, RUNTIME_ERROR).
+    """
+    timeout_secs = parse_duration(timeout) if timeout is not None else None
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    status = out.status("Waiting for Space to be ready...")
+    try:
+        runtime = api.wait_for_space(space_id, timeout=timeout_secs)
+    except TimeoutError:
+        status.done("Timed out.")
+        raise CLIError(f"Timed out after {timeout} waiting for Space '{space_id}' to be ready.") from None
+    status.done(f"Space reached stage '{runtime.stage}'.")
+    if runtime.stage != SpaceStage.RUNNING:
+        raise CLIError(f"Space '{space_id}' is not running (stage='{runtime.stage}').")
+    out.result("Space ready", space_id=space_id, stage=str(runtime.stage))
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces logs {space_id}` to view run logs.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "dev-mode",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces dev-mode my-user-name/deepsite",
+    ],
+)
+def dev_mode(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    stop: Annotated[bool, Option(help="Stop dev mode.")] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+):
+    """
+    Enable or disable dev mode on a Space.
+
+    Spaces Dev Mode eases the debugging of your application and makes iterating on Spaces faster by allowing you to
+    restart your application without stopping the Space container itself. This feature is available as part of a PRO
+    or Team & Enterprise plan.
+
+    See docs: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/spaces-dev-mode
+    """
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    if stop:
+        api.disable_space_dev_mode(space_id)
+        print(f"Dev mode disabled for '{space_id}'")
+        return
+    api.enable_space_dev_mode(space_id)
+    runtime = api.wait_for_space(space_id)
+    if runtime.stage != SpaceStage.RUNNING:
+        out.warning(f"Dev mode is not ready (stage='{runtime.stage}')")
+        return
+    info = api.space_info(space_id)
+    folder = getattr(info.card_data, "dev-mode-folder", "" if info.sdk == "docker" else "/home/user/app")
+    folder_query_param = f"folder={folder}" if folder else ""
+    print("Connect to dev environment:")
+    print("")
+    print("Web:")
+    vscode_web_url = f"https://huggingface.co/spaces/{info.id}/dev-mode/vscode-web"
+    if folder_query_param:
+        vscode_web_url += f"?{folder_query_param}"
+    ssh_host = f"{info.subdomain}@ssh.hf.space"
+    print(f"  * VSCode: {vscode_web_url}")
+    print("")
+    print("Local:")
+    print("1. Add your SSH key to https://huggingface.co/settings/keys")
+    print(f"2. SSH with `hf spaces ssh {space_id}` (or `ssh -i <your_key> {ssh_host}`)")
+    print("   Or open")
+    print(f"  * VSCode: vscode://vscode-remote/ssh-remote+{ssh_host}{folder}")
+    print(f"  * Cursor: cursor://vscode-remote/ssh-remote+{ssh_host}{folder}")
+    print("")
+    print("PS: Dev mode stops after 48h of inactivity, don't forget to save your changes regularly.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "ssh",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces ssh username/my-space",
+        "hf spaces ssh username/my-space --dry-run",
+        "hf spaces ssh username/my-space -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519",
+        "hf spaces ssh username/my-space --auto",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_ssh(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    identity_file: SshIdentityFileOpt = None,
+    dry_run: SshDryRunOpt = False,
+    auto: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option("--auto", help="Enable Dev Mode without prompting if not already enabled."),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """SSH into a Space's Dev Mode container.
+
+    Requires Dev Mode to be running on the Space and your SSH public key to be registered at https://huggingface.co/settings/keys.
+
+    See: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/spaces-dev-mode
+    """
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    info = api.space_info(space_id)
+    if info.runtime is None or not info.runtime.dev_mode:
+        out.confirm(
+            f"Dev Mode is disabled on '{space_id}'. Enable it now?", yes=auto, default=True, confirm_param="--auto"
+        )
+        api.enable_space_dev_mode(space_id)
+        runtime = api.wait_for_space(space_id)
+        if runtime.stage != SpaceStage.RUNNING:
+            raise CLIError(f"Space '{space_id}' is not running (stage='{runtime.stage}').")
+        info = api.space_info(space_id)
+    exec_ssh(f"{info.subdomain}@ssh.hf.space", identity_file=identity_file, dry_run=dry_run)
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "pause",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces pause username/my-space",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_pause(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Pause a Space."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    runtime = api.pause_space(space_id)
+    out.result("Space paused", space_id=space_id, stage=runtime.stage)
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces restart {space_id}` to restart it.")
+    out.hint(
+        f"Mount a Volume or bucket to persist data across restarts: `hf spaces volumes set {space_id} -v hf://...`"
+    )
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "restart",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces restart username/my-space",
+        "hf spaces restart username/my-space --factory-reboot",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_restart(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    factory_reboot: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--factory-reboot",
+            help="Rebuild the Space from scratch without using the build cache.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Restart a Space."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    runtime = api.restart_space(space_id, factory_reboot=factory_reboot)
+    out.result(
+        "Space restart triggered",
+        space_id=space_id,
+        stage=runtime.stage,
+        factory_reboot=factory_reboot,
+    )
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces wait {space_id}` to wait until the Space is ready.")
+    out.hint(
+        f"Mount a Volume or bucket to persist data across restarts: `hf spaces volumes set {space_id} -v hf://...`"
+    )
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "hardware",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces hardware",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_hardware(token: TokenOpt = None) -> None:
+    """List available hardware options for Spaces."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    hardware_list = api.list_spaces_hardware()
+    items = []
+    for hw in hardware_list:
+        accelerator = (
+            f"{hw.accelerator.quantity}x {hw.accelerator.model} ({hw.accelerator.vram})" if hw.accelerator else None
+        )
+        cost_min = f"${hw.unit_cost_usd:.4f}" if hw.unit_cost_usd else "free"
+        cost_hour = f"${hw.unit_cost_usd * 60:.2f}" if hw.unit_cost_usd else "free"
+        items.append(
+            {
+                "name": hw.name,
+                "pretty name": hw.pretty_name,
+                "cpu": hw.cpu,
+                "ram": hw.ram,
+                "accelerator": accelerator,
+                "cost/min": cost_min,
+                "cost/hour": cost_hour,
+            }
+        )
+    out.table(items)
+    out.hint("Use `hf spaces settings <space_id> --hardware <name>` to request hardware for a Space.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "settings",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces settings username/my-space --sleep-time 300",
+        "hf spaces settings username/my-space --hardware t4-medium",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_settings(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    sleep_time: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Option(
+            "--sleep-time",
+            help="Idle time in seconds after which the Space goes to sleep. Use -1 to never sleep. Only available on upgraded hardware.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    hardware: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Option(
+            "--hardware",
+            help="Space hardware flavor (e.g. 'cpu-basic', 't4-medium', 'l4x4'). Run 'hf spaces hardware' to list available options.",
+            click_type=SoftChoice(SpaceHardware),
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Update the settings of a Space."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    if hardware is not None:
+        runtime = api.request_space_hardware(space_id, hardware=hardware, sleep_time=sleep_time)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
+    elif sleep_time is not None:
+        runtime = api.set_space_sleep_time(space_id, sleep_time=sleep_time)
+    else:
+        raise CLIError("Specify at least one setting to update.")
+    out.result(
+        "Space settings updated",
+        space_id=space_id,
+        hardware=runtime.requested_hardware,
+        sleep_time=runtime.sleep_time,
+    )
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces info {space_id}` to verify the runtime configuration.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "logs",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces logs username/my-space",
+        "hf spaces logs username/my-space --build",
+        "hf spaces logs -f username/my-space",
+        "hf spaces logs -n 50 username/my-space",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_logs(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    build: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "--build",
+            help="Fetch the container build logs instead of the run logs. Useful when a Space is stuck in BUILD_ERROR.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    follow: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "-f",
+            "--follow",
+            help="Follow log output (stream until the server closes the stream). Without this flag, only currently available logs are printed.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    tail: Annotated[
+        int | None,
+        Option(
+            "-n",
+            "--tail",
+            help="Number of lines to show from the end of the logs.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Fetch the run or build logs of a Space.
+
+    By default, prints currently available run logs and exits (non-blocking, like
+    `docker logs`). Use --follow/-f to stream until the server closes the stream.
+    Use --build to see the container build logs instead (useful when a Space is
+    stuck in BUILD_ERROR).
+    """
+    if follow and tail is not None:
+        raise CLIError(
+            "Cannot use --follow and --tail together. Use --follow to stream logs or --tail to show recent logs."
+        )
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    logs = api.fetch_space_logs(space_id, build=build, follow=follow)
+    if tail is not None:
+        logs = deque(logs, maxlen=tail)
+    found_logs = False
+    for line in logs:
+        clean_line = line.strip()
+        out.text(clean_line)
+        if clean_line:
+            found_logs = True
+    if not found_logs and not build:
+        out.hint(f"No run logs found for space {space_id}. Try passing --build to fetch build logs instead.")
+
+
+@spaces_cli.command(
+    "hot-reload",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces hot-reload username/repo-name app.py     # Open an interactive editor to the remote app.py file",
+        "hf spaces hot-reload username/repo-name -f app.py  # Take local version from ./app.py and patch app.py remotely",
+        "hf spaces hot-reload username/repo-name app.py -f src/app.py # Take local version from ./src/app.py",
+    ],
+)
+def spaces_hot_reload(
+    space_id: Annotated[
+        str,
+        Argument(
+            help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).",
+        ),
+    ],
+    filename: Annotated[
+        str | None,
+        Argument(
+            help="Path to the Python file in the Space repository. Can be omitted when --local-file is specified and path in repository matches."
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    local_file: Annotated[
+        Path | None,
+        Option(
+            "--local-file",
+            "-f",
+            help="Path of local file. Interactive editor mode if not specified",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    skip_checks: Annotated[bool, Option(help="Skip hot-reload compatibility checks.")] = False,
+    skip_summary: Annotated[bool, Option(help="Skip summary display after hot-reload is triggered")] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Hot-reload any Python file of a Space without a full rebuild + restart.
+
+    ⚠ This feature is experimental ⚠
+
+    Only works with Gradio SDK (6.1+)
+    Opens an interactive editor unless --local-file/-f is specified.
+
+    This command patches the live Python process using https://github.com/breuleux/jurigged
+    (AST-based diffing, in-place function updates, etc.), integrated with Gradio's native hot-reload support
+    (meaning that Gradio demo object changes are reflected in the UI)
+
+    The command creates a remote commit.
+    If you are working from a local clone, run `git pull --autostash` afterwards
+    to bring the commit back and keep your local git state in sync.
+    """
+
+    click.secho("This feature is experimental and subject to change", fg="bright_black")
+
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+
+    if not skip_checks:
+        space_info = api.space_info(space_id)
+        if space_info.sdk != "gradio":
+            raise CLIError(f"Hot-reloading is only available on Gradio SDK. Found {space_info.sdk} SDK")
+        if (card_data := space_info.card_data) is None:
+            raise CLIError(f"Unable to read cardData for Space {space_id}")
+        if (sdk_version := card_data.sdk_version) is None:
+            raise CLIError(f"Unable to read sdk_version from {space_id} cardData")
+        if version.parse(sdk_version) < version.Version(HOT_RELOADING_MIN_GRADIO):
+            raise CLIError(f"Hot-reloading requires Gradio >= {HOT_RELOADING_MIN_GRADIO} (found {sdk_version})")
+        if (current_sha := space_info.sha) is None:
+            raise CLIError(f"Unexpected `None` running SHA for Space {space_id}")
+    else:
+        current_sha = None
+
+    if local_file:
+        local_path = str(local_file)
+        filename = local_file.as_posix() if filename is None else filename
+    elif filename:
+        if not skip_checks:
+            try:
+                api.auth_check(
+                    repo_type="space",
+                    repo_id=space_id,
+                    write=True,
+                )
+            except RepositoryNotFoundError as e:
+                raise CLIError(
+                    f"Write access check to {space_id} repository failed. Make sure that you are authenticated"
+                ) from e
+        temp_dir = tempfile.TemporaryDirectory()
+        local_path = os.path.join(temp_dir.name, filename)
+        with disable_progress_bars():
+            try:
+                hf_hub_download(repo_type="space", repo_id=space_id, filename=filename, local_dir=temp_dir.name)
+            except RemoteEntryNotFoundError:
+                click.secho(f"{filename} not found in remote repository. Assuming new file", fg="bright_black")
+
+        editor_res = _editor_open(local_path)
+        if editor_res == "no-tty":
+            persistent_temp_dir = tempfile.mkdtemp()
+            shutil.copytree(temp_dir.name, persistent_temp_dir, dirs_exist_ok=True)
+            local_path = os.path.join(persistent_temp_dir, filename)
+            click.secho("No TTY detected. Non-interactive fallback:")
+            click.secho(f"- Edit {local_path}")
+            click.secho(f"- Run `hf spaces hot-reload {space_id} {filename} -f {local_path}`")
+            return
+        if editor_res == "no-editor":
+            raise CLIError("No editor found in local environment. Use -f flag to hot-reload from local path")
+        if editor_res != 0:
+            raise CLIError(f"Editor returned a non-zero exit code while attempting to edit {local_path}")
+    else:
+        raise CLIError("Either filename or --local-file/-f must be specified")
+
+    commit_info = api.upload_file(
+        repo_type="space",
+        repo_id=space_id,
+        path_or_fileobj=local_path,
+        path_in_repo=filename,
+        parent_commit=current_sha,
+        _hot_reload=True,
+    )
+
+    if local_file is not None and local_file.resolve().is_relative_to(Path.cwd()):
+        click.secho(f"Created commit {commit_info.oid} in remote Space repository.")
+        click.secho("Consider running `git pull --autostash` to stay synced if you are working from a local clone.")
+
+    if not skip_summary:
+        click.secho("Hot-reload summary:")
+        _spaces_hot_reload_summary(
+            api=api,
+            space_id=space_id,
+            current_sha=current_sha,
+            commit_sha=commit_info.oid,
+            local_path=local_path if local_file else filename,
+            filename=filename,
+            token=token,
+        )
+
+
+def _spaces_hot_reload_summary(
+    api: HfApi,
+    space_id: str,
+    current_sha: str | None,
+    commit_sha: str,
+    filename: str,
+    local_path: str,
+    token: str | None,
+) -> None:
+    while (space_info := api.space_info(space_id)).sha == current_sha:
+        if current_sha is None or current_sha == commit_sha:
+            break
+        click.secho("Waiting for up-to-date Space infos", fg="bright_black", err=True)
+        time.sleep(2)
+    if space_info.sha != commit_sha:
+        raise CLIError(f"Expected SHA {commit_sha} after hot-reload but got {space_info.sha}")
+    if (runtime := space_info.runtime) is None:
+        raise CLIError(f"Unable to read SpaceRuntime from {space_id} infos")
+    if (hot_reloading := runtime.hot_reloading) is None:
+        raise CLIError(f"Space {space_id} current running version has not been hot-reloaded")
+    if hot_reloading.status != "created":
+        click.echo(f"Failed creating hot-reloaded commit. {hot_reloading.replica_statuses=}")
+        return
+
+    if (space_host := space_info.host) is None:
+        raise CLIError("Unexpected None host on hotReloaded Space")
+    if (space_subdomain := space_info.subdomain) is None:
+        raise CLIError("Unexpected None subdomain on hotReloaded Space")
+
+    def render_region(region: ReloadRegion) -> str:
+        res = f"{local_path}, "
+        if region["startLine"] == region["endLine"]:
+            res += f"line {region['startLine'] - 1}"
+        else:
+            res += f"lines {region['startLine'] - 1}-{region['endLine']}"
+        return res
+
+    def display_event(event: ApiGetReloadEventSourceData) -> None:
+        if event["data"]["kind"] == "error":
+            click.secho("✘ Unexpected hot-reloading error", bold=True)
+            click.secho(event["data"]["traceback"], italic=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "exception":
+            click.secho(f"✘ Exception at {render_region(event['data']['region'])}", bold=True)
+            click.secho(event["data"]["traceback"], italic=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "add":
+            click.secho(f"✔︎ Created {event['data']['objectName']} {event['data']['objectType']}", bold=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "delete":
+            click.secho(f"∅ Deleted {event['data']['objectName']} {event['data']['objectType']}", bold=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "update":
+            click.secho(f"✔︎ Updated {event['data']['objectName']} {event['data']['objectType']}", bold=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "run":
+            click.secho(f"▶ Run {render_region(event['data']['region'])}", bold=True)
+            click.secho(event["data"]["codeLines"], italic=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "ui":
+            if event["data"]["updated"]:
+                click.secho("⟳ UI updated", bold=True)
+            else:
+                click.secho("∅ UI untouched", bold=True)
+        elif event["data"]["kind"] == "file":
+            if event["data"]["created"]:
+                click.secho(f"✔︎ {filename} created", bold=True)
+            else:
+                click.secho(f"✔︎ {filename} updated", bold=True)
+        else:
+            click.secho(f"❓ Unknown update event: {event=}")
+            if TYPE_CHECKING:
+                assert_never(event["data"]["kind"])
+
+    for replica_stream_event in multi_replica_reload_events(
+        commit_sha=commit_sha,
+        host=space_host,
+        subdomain=space_subdomain,
+        replica_hashes=[hash for hash, _ in hot_reloading.replica_statuses],
+        token=token,
+    ):
+        if replica_stream_event["kind"] == "event":
+            display_event(replica_stream_event["event"])
+        elif replica_stream_event["kind"] == "replicaHash":
+            click.secho(f"---- Replica {replica_stream_event['hash']} ----")
+        elif replica_stream_event["kind"] == "fullMatch":
+            click.echo("✔︎ Same as first replica")
+        elif replica_stream_event["kind"] == "warning":
+            click.secho(f"⚠ {replica_stream_event['message']}", fg="bright_black")
+        else:
+            assert_never(replica_stream_event)
+
+
+PREFERRED_EDITORS = (
+    ("code", "code --wait"),
+    ("nvim", "nvim"),
+    ("nano", "nano"),
+    ("vim", "vim"),
+    ("vi", "vi"),
+)
+
+
+@functools.cache
+def _get_editor_command() -> str | None:
+    for env in ("HF_EDITOR", "VISUAL", "EDITOR"):
+        if command := os.getenv(env, "").strip():
+            return command
+    for binary_path, editor_command in PREFERRED_EDITORS:
+        if shutil.which(binary_path) is not None:
+            return editor_command
+    return None
+
+
+def _editor_open(local_path: str) -> int | Literal["no-tty", "no-editor"]:
+    if not (sys.stdin.isatty() and sys.stdout.isatty()):
+        return "no-tty"
+    if (editor_command := _get_editor_command()) is None:
+        return "no-editor"
+    command = [*shlex.split(editor_command), local_path]
+    res = subprocess.run(command, start_new_session=True)
+    return res.returncode
+
+
+@volumes_cli.command(
+    "list | ls",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces volumes ls username/my-space",
+    ],
+)
+def volumes_ls(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List volumes mounted in a Space."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    info = api.space_info(space_id)
+    if info.runtime is None:
+        raise CLIError(f"Runtime not available for Space '{space_id}'.")
+    volumes = info.runtime.volumes or []
+    items = [_dataclass_to_dict(v) for v in volumes]
+    out.table(items)
+    out.hint(
+        f"Use `hf spaces volumes set {space_id} -v hf://<repo_type>/<repo_id>:/<mount_path>` to set volumes for a Space."
+    )
+
+
+@volumes_cli.command(
+    "set",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces volumes set username/my-space -v hf://models/username/my-model:/models",
+        "hf spaces volumes set username/my-space -v hf://buckets/username/my-bucket:/data -v hf://datasets/username/my-dataset:/datasets:ro",
+    ],
+)
+def volumes_set(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    volume: VolumesOpt = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Set (replace) volumes for a Space."""
+    volumes = parse_volumes(volume)
+    if not volumes:
+        raise CLIError("At least one volume must be specified with -v/--volume.")
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.set_space_volumes(space_id, volumes=volumes)
+    out.result("Volumes set", space_id=space_id, volumes=[v.to_uri() for v in volumes])
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces volumes ls {space_id}` to list volumes for a Space.")
+
+
+@volumes_cli.command(
+    "delete",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces volumes delete username/my-space",
+        "hf spaces volumes delete username/my-space --yes",
+    ],
+)
+def volumes_delete(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "-y",
+            "--yes",
+            help="Answer Yes to prompt automatically.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Remove all volumes from a Space."""
+    out.confirm(f"You are about to remove all volumes from Space '{space_id}'. Proceed?", yes=yes)
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.delete_space_volumes(space_id)
+    out.result("Volumes deleted", space_id=space_id)
+    out.hint(
+        f"Use `hf spaces volumes set {space_id} -v hf://<repo_type>/<repo_id>:/<mount_path>` to set volumes for a Space."
+    )
+
+
+@secrets_cli.command(
+    "list | ls",
+    examples=["hf spaces secrets ls username/my-space"],
+)
+def secrets_ls(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List secrets for a Space. Secret values are write-only and not returned."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    secrets = api.get_space_secrets(space_id)
+    items = [_dataclass_to_dict(s) for s in secrets.values()]
+    out.table(items)
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces secrets add {space_id} -s KEY=VALUE` to add secrets to a Space.")
+
+
+@secrets_cli.command(
+    "add",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces secrets add username/my-space -s HF_TOKEN",
+        "hf spaces secrets add username/my-space -s OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-... -s ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-...",
+        "hf spaces secrets add username/my-space --secrets-file .env.secrets",
+    ],
+)
+def secrets_add(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    secrets: SecretsOpt = None,
+    secrets_file: SecretsFileOpt = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Add or update secrets for a Space."""
+    secrets_map = parse_env_map(secrets, secrets_file)
+    if not secrets_map:
+        raise CLIError("At least one secret must be specified with -s/--secrets or --secrets-file.")
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    for key, value in secrets_map.items():
+        api.add_space_secret(space_id, key=key, value=value or "")
+    out.result("Secrets added", space_id=space_id, keys=list(secrets_map))
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces secrets delete {space_id} <key>` to remove a secret from a Space.")
+
+
+@secrets_cli.command(
+    "delete",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces secrets delete username/my-space HF_TOKEN",
+        "hf spaces secrets delete username/my-space HF_TOKEN --yes",
+    ],
+)
+def secrets_delete(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    key: Annotated[str, Argument(help="Name of the secret to remove.")],
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "-y",
+            "--yes",
+            help="Answer Yes to prompt automatically.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Remove a secret from a Space."""
+    out.confirm(
+        f"You are about to remove secret '{key}' from Space '{space_id}'. The value cannot be recovered. Proceed?",
+        yes=yes,
+    )
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.delete_space_secret(space_id, key=key)
+    out.result("Secret deleted", space_id=space_id, key=key)
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces secrets add {space_id} -s {key}=<value>` to re-add a secret to a Space.")
+
+
+@variables_cli.command(
+    "list | ls",
+    examples=["hf spaces variables ls username/my-space"],
+)
+def variables_ls(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """List environment variables for a Space."""
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    variables = api.get_space_variables(space_id)
+    items = [_dataclass_to_dict(v) for v in variables.values()]
+    out.table(items)
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces variables add {space_id} -e KEY=VALUE` to add variables to a Space.")
+
+
+@variables_cli.command(
+    "add",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces variables add username/my-space -e DEBUG=1",
+        "hf spaces variables add username/my-space -e MODEL_ID=gpt2 -e MAX_TOKENS=512",
+        "hf spaces variables add username/my-space --env-file .env",
+    ],
+)
+def variables_add(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    env: EnvOpt = None,
+    env_file: EnvFileOpt = None,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Add or update environment variables for a Space."""
+    env_map = parse_env_map(env, env_file)
+    if not env_map:
+        raise CLIError("At least one variable must be specified with -e/--env or --env-file.")
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    for key, value in env_map.items():
+        api.add_space_variable(space_id, key=key, value=value or "")
+    out.result("Variables added", space_id=space_id, keys=list(env_map))
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces variables ls {space_id}` to list variables for a Space.")
+
+
+@variables_cli.command(
+    "delete",
+    examples=[
+        "hf spaces variables delete username/my-space DEBUG",
+        "hf spaces variables delete username/my-space DEBUG --yes",
+    ],
+)
+def variables_delete(
+    space_id: Annotated[str, Argument(help="The space ID (e.g. `username/repo-name`).")],
+    key: Annotated[str, Argument(help="Name of the variable to remove.")],
+    yes: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        Option(
+            "-y",
+            "--yes",
+            help="Answer Yes to prompt automatically.",
+        ),
+    ] = False,
+    token: TokenOpt = None,
+) -> None:
+    """Remove an environment variable from a Space."""
+    out.confirm(
+        f"You are about to remove variable '{key}' from Space '{space_id}'. Proceed?",
+        yes=yes,
+    )
+    api = get_hf_api(token=token)
+    api.delete_space_variable(space_id, key=key)
+    out.result("Variable deleted", space_id=space_id, key=key)
+    out.hint(f"Use `hf spaces variables ls {space_id}` to list remaining variables for a Space.")

.cache/uv/archive-v0/YbGpm6nADP0vFoZFy8BvB/huggingface_hub/inference/_generated/types/audio_classification.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Inference code generated from the JSON schema spec in @huggingface/tasks.
+#
+# See:
+#   - script: https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/blob/main/packages/tasks/scripts/inference-codegen.ts
+#   - specs:  https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface.js/tree/main/packages/tasks/src/tasks.
+from typing import Literal, Optional
+
+from .base import BaseInferenceType, dataclass_with_extra
+
+
+AudioClassificationOutputTransform = Literal["sigmoid", "softmax", "none"]
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioClassificationParameters(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Additional inference parameters for Audio Classification"""
+
+    function_to_apply: Optional["AudioClassificationOutputTransform"] = None
+    """The function to apply to the model outputs in order to retrieve the scores."""
+    top_k: int | None = None
+    """When specified, limits the output to the top K most probable classes."""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioClassificationInput(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Inputs for Audio Classification inference"""
+
+    inputs: str
+    """The input audio data as a base64-encoded string. If no `parameters` are provided, you can
+    also provide the audio data as a raw bytes payload.
+    """
+    parameters: AudioClassificationParameters | None = None
+    """Additional inference parameters for Audio Classification"""
+
+
+@dataclass_with_extra
+class AudioClassificationOutputElement(BaseInferenceType):
+    """Outputs for Audio Classification inference"""
+
+    label: str
+    """The predicted class label."""
+    score: float
+    """The corresponding probability."""