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train-00400 | A 60-year-old woman sought evaluation at an urgent care clinic after developing breathlessness 30 minutes earlier. She also developed swelling of the tongue and lips. She has heart failure and was recently diagnosed with hypertension. She was started on a medication, the first dose of which she took this afternoon befo... | Captopril | Amlodipine | Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) | Propranolol | 0 | |
train-00401 | A 30-year-old woman presents for pregnancy counseling. She says she has a 8 week history of chronic diarrhea. She is also found to be intolerant to heat and has been significantly losing her hair. She denies any recent changes to her diet. The patient is afebrile and her vital signs are within normal limits. Her weight... | Thyroidectomy and thyroid replacement | Beta-blockers | Thyroid peroxidase inhibitors | Plasmapheresis | 2 | |
train-00402 | A 45-year-old man was shown to have a blood pressure of 142/90 mm Hg at a health fair. Despite modifying his lifestyle, his blood pressure remained elevated on 2 separate subsequent occasions. He was prescribed an anti-hypertensive medication. After 3 weeks, the swelling of the lips shown in the accompanying photograp... | Verapamil | Amlodipine | Lisinopril | Hydrochlorothiazide | 2 | |
train-00403 | A 13-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of worsening fever, headache, photophobia, and nausea for 2 days. One week ago, she returned from summer camp. She has received all age-appropriate immunizations. Her temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F). She is oriented to person, place, and time. Physical examination ... | Echovirus | Listeria monocytogenes | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Neisseria meningitidis | 0 | |
train-00404 | A 5-year-old boy presents to his pediatrician for a well-child visit. His mother reports him to be doing well and has no concerns. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeting all developmental milestones. On physical exam, he is noted to have ... | Takayasu arteritis | Interrupted aortic arch | Pheochromocytoma | Coarctation of the aorta | 3 | |
train-00405 | A 28-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Two months ago, she underwent left renal transplantation for recurrent glomerulonephritis. At the time of discharge, her creatinine was 0.9 mg/dL. She feels well. Current medications include tacrolimus and azathioprine. Her pulse is 85/min and bloo... | Gingival hyperplasia | Hepatic necrosis | Kidney injury | Polycythemia | 2 | |
train-00406 | A 42-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 12 month history of progressive fatigue and shortness of breath with exertion. Five years ago, she emigrated from Eastern Europe. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years. She has a history of using methamphetamines and cocaine but quit 5 years ago... | CT angiography | Doppler echocardiography | High-resolution CT of the lung | Right-heart catheterization | 3 | |
train-00407 | A 29-year-old man is admitted to the emergency department following a motorcycle accident. The patient is severely injured and requires life support after splenectomy and evacuation of a subdural hematoma. Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient’s family members, including wife, parents, siblings, and grandpa... | An older sibling | The parents | Legal guardian | The spouse | 3 | |
train-00408 | An 11-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her parents because of a mildly pruritic rash on her trunk and extremities for 2 days. One week ago, she developed a low-grade fever, rhinorrhea, and headache, followed by a facial rash 4 days later. The facial rash did not involve the perioral skin. Her temperature is... | Rubella | Erythema infectiosum | Exanthem subitum | Scarlet fever | 1 | |
train-00409 | An 11-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with a 2-day history of fever, malaise, and productive cough. On presentation, he is found to be very weak and is having difficulty breathing. His past medical history is significant for multiple prior infections requiring hospitalization includin... | Actin polymerization | Autoimmune regulation | Lysosomal trafficking | Protein phosphorylation | 3 | |
train-00410 | A two-month-old female presents to the emergency department for difficulty feeding. The patient was born at 38 weeks gestation to a 29-year-old primigravid via vaginal delivery. The newborn period has thus far been uncomplicated. The patient has been exclusively breastfed since birth. Her parents report that feeding ha... | Chest radiograph | CT angiography | Electrocardiogram | Echocardiogram | 3 | |
train-00411 | A 4-year-old male is evaluated for frequent epistaxis and mucous membrane bleeding. Physical examination shows diffuse petechiae on the patient’s distal extremities. Peripheral blood smear shows an absence of platelet clumping. An ELISA binding assay reveals that platelet surfaces are deficient in GIIb/IIIa receptors. ... | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | Bernard-Soulier disease | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia | 3 | |
train-00412 | A 45-year-old man was a driver in a motor vehicle collsion. The patient is not able to offer a medical history during initial presentation. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 104/74 mmHg, pulse is 150/min, respirations are 12/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. On exam, he does not open hi... | 100% oxygen | Emergency open fracture repair | Exploratory laparoscopy | Intubation | 3 | |
train-00413 | An 81-year-old woman comes to the emergency department due to a left-sided paralysis for the past 2 hours. Her husband says her symptoms began suddenly, and she is also unable to speak. Her pulse is 90/min, respirations are 18/min, temperature is 36.8°C (98.2°F), and blood pressure is 150/98 mm Hg. An ECG is obtained a... | Cardioembolic stroke | Conversion disorder | Hemorrhagic disorder | Rupture of berry aneurysm | 0 | |
train-00414 | A 52-year-old female with a history of poorly-controlled diabetes presents to her primary care physician because of pain and tingling in her hands. These symptoms began several months ago and have been getting worse such that they interfere with her work as a secretary. She says that the pain is worse in the morning an... | A | B | D | E | 2 | |
train-00415 | A 57-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-day history of fever and right upper quadrant abdominal pain. Examination shows jaundice. Ultrasonography of the abdomen shows cholelithiasis and marked dilation of the biliary duct. An ERCP is performed and reveals pus with multiple brown concreme... | Increased alanine aminotransferase activity | Decreased heme oxygenase activity | Decreased HMG-coenzyme A reductase activity | Increased β-glucuronidase activity | 3 | |
train-00416 | A 9-year-old boy presents for incision and drainage of a small abscess on his left thigh. No significant past medical history. No current medications. Before the procedure, the patient is allowed to inhale colorless, sweet-smelling gas. After the procedure, the patient receives 3–4 minutes of high flow oxygen through a... | Cardiac arrhythmias | Raised intracranial pressure | Hepatotoxicity | Diffusion hypoxia | 3 | |
train-00417 | A 50-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a chief complaint of chest pain that is squeezing in nature. He used to have similar symptoms in the past while playing tennis with his friends. Yesterday, while moving furniture in his new home, he experienced this pain that lasted for 20 minutes and radiat... | GERD | Musculoskeletal pain | Anxiety | Myocardial ischemia | 3 | |
train-00418 | A 55-year-old man presents to his physician with a complaint of recurrent episodes of palpitations over the past 2 weeks. He also mentions that he tends to tire easily. He denies chest pain, breathlessness, dizziness, or syncope, but has a history of ischemic heart disease. He smokes 1 pack of cigarettes every day and ... | Bilateral pedal edema | Bloody diarrhea | Stevens-Johnson syndrome | Multifocal atrial tachycardia | 0 | |
train-00419 | A 51-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of body aches and constipation. She reports that her “bones hurt” and that she has experienced worsening constipation over the past few months. Her medical history is notable for three kidney stones within the past year that both passed spontaneous... | Increased calcium, decreased phosphate, increased parathyroid hormone | Decreased calcium, increased phosphate, increased parathyroid hormone | Decreased calcium, increased phosphate, decreased parathyroid hormone | Normal calcium, normal phosphate, normal parathyroid hormone | 0 | |
train-00420 | A 12-hour old male infant is seen in the newborn nursery. He was born full term by vaginal delivery to a 40-year-old G4P3-->4 mother. Her pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated, notable only for declining genetic testing. On exam, her son has a flat face, a fold in the upper eyelid, palpebral fissures that appear to... | Prophase | Metaphase | Anaphase | S-phase | 1 | |
train-00421 | A 40-year-old woman with a past medical history significant for pernicious anemia and vitiligo presents to the physician with the chief complaints of heat intolerance and frequent palpitations. The patient does not take birth control and her urine pregnancy test is negative today. Physical exam reveals a patient that i... | T4 elevated, free T4 elevated, T3 elevated, TSH elevated | T4 elevated, free T4 elevated, T3 elevated, TSH decreased | T4 decreased, free T4 decreased, T3 decreased, TSH decreased | T4 normal, free T4 normal, T3 normal, TSH elevated | 1 | |
train-00422 | A 75-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician with her son because she is convinced that people are stealing from her. Her son claims she has been misplacing her medications and money throughout the house. She recently lost her husband to old age and has become reclusive and no longer wants people to visit... | Delirium | Dementia | Schizoid personality disorder | Schizophrenia | 1 | |
train-00423 | A 67-year-old man comes to the office due to pain in the lower part of his calves on his afternoon walk to get the mail. The pain is relieved by rest. It started slowly about 6 months ago and has become more painful over time. He has a history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and smoking. Medications... | Enoxaparin | Metoprolol | A recommendation to perform pedal pumping exercises | A referral to a supervised exercise program | 3 | |
train-00424 | A 27-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with worsening cough and asthma. The patient reports that he was in his usual state of health until 1 month ago, when he developed a cold. Since then his cold has improved, but he continues to have a cough and worsening asthma symptoms. He says that he has been u... | c-ANCA levels | IgA deposits | p-ANCA levels | Smoking | 2 | |
train-00425 | A 25-year-old man is brought to the physician because of fatigue, lethargy, and lower leg swelling for 2 weeks. He also noticed that his urine appeared darker than usual and for the last 2 days he has passed only small amounts of urine. His temperature is 37.5°C (98.6°F), pulse is 88/min, respirations are 15/min, and b... | Administer rituximab | Administer lisinopril | Administer methylprednisolone | Administer cyclosporine A | 2 | |
train-00426 | A 54-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painful mass in his left thigh for 3 days. He underwent a left lower limb angiography for femoral artery stenosis and had a stent placed 2 weeks ago. He has peripheral artery disease, coronary artery disease, hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. He has... | Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection | Coil embolization | Ultrasound-guided compression | Schedule surgical repair | 0 | |
train-00427 | A 57-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with acute onset vomiting, vertigo, throbbing headache, and weakness. She says that the symptoms started when she went to dinner with friends and had a drink of alcohol. Her past medical history is significant for type 2 diabetes, and she was recently started on ... | Binding to peroxisome proliferator-activating receptors | Closing potassium channels | Inhibiting alpha-glucosidase | Inhibiting dipeptidyl peptidase | 1 | |
train-00428 | A 58-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department for shortness of breath and chest pain. Pulmonary angiography shows a large saddle embolus in the pulmonary arteries. Emergency drug therapy is administered and she is admitted to the hospital for observation. A follow-up CT scan of the chest shortly after admi... | Idiopathic intracranial hypertension | Drug-induced hypotension | Embolic cerebrovascular accident | Intracerebral hemorrhage
" | 3 | |
train-00429 | A 6-day-old infant who was born via uncomplicated vaginal delivery at 39 weeks of gestation is brought to the family physician for poor feeding. The mother received adequate prenatal care throughout the pregnancy, and has no medical conditions. On physical exam, the infant's temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), blood pressu... | Increased aldosterone, decreased cortisol | Decreased aldosterone, increased 11-deoxycorticosterone | Increased sex hormones, increased 17-hydroxyprogesterone | Increased sex hormones, decreased renin activity | 2 | |
train-00430 | A 24-year-old man is brought to the physician because of increasing pain and swelling of the left knee for 2 months. The pain has awoken him from his sleep on multiple occasions. He tried ibuprofen but has had no relief of his symptoms. There is no family or personal history of serious illness. Vital signs are within n... | Chondrosarcoma | Aneurysmal bone cyst | Osteoclastoma | Ewing sarcoma | 2 | |
train-00431 | A 12-year-old boy is brought in by his parents as they are concerned about his behavior. He is constantly arguing with his parents and blatantly defying their every request. In school, he is known for being intentionally tardy and for defying his teachers. Upon further questioning of the patient you learn about some of... | This patient will likely function normally despite continuing to defy authority figures | This patient is suffering from antisocial personality disorder and will likely be incarcerated in adulthood | The patient's symptoms could progress to antisocial personality disorder | Strong D2 antagonists are first-line pharmacotherapy | 2 | |
train-00432 | A 24-hour-old girl is found to be cyanotic in the newborn nursery. She was born via spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 weeks gestation to a gravida 1, para 0 healthy mother who received routine prenatal care. The patient is small for her gestational age. She manifests lower-extremity cyanosis along with a mesh-like mas... | Administration of alprostadil | Arteriogram | Echocardiography | Lower extremity Doppler | 0 | |
train-00433 | A 5-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department for right elbow swelling and pain 45 minutes after he fell while playing on the monkey bars during recess. He has been unable to move his right elbow since the fall. Examination shows ecchymosis, swelling, and tenderness of the right elbow; range of motion is limi... | Polymicrobial infection | Absent radial pulse | Avascular necrosis of the humeral head | Adhesive capsulitis | 1 | |
train-00434 | A 3-month-old boy presents for routine health maintenance. The patient has coarse facial features and stiff joint movements with restricted passive and active range of motion. He also has problems following objects with his eyes and seems not to focus on anything. On physical examination, the corneas are clouded, and t... | Adrenoleukodystrophy | Inclusion cell disease | Diamond-Blackfan anemia | Tay-Sachs disease | 1 | |
train-00435 | A 36-year-old woman comes to the physician for a routine gynecological examination. She feels well. Menses occur with normal flow at regular 28-day intervals and last for 3 to 5 days. Her last menstrual period was 20 days ago. She is sexually active with one male partner and they use condoms inconsistently. Her sister ... | Repeat cervical cytology at 12 months | Perform colposcopy with endocervical and endometrial sampling | Perform a diagnostic loop electrosurgical excision | Perform colposcopy with endocervical sampling | 1 | |
train-00436 | A 59-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of muscle weakness. Approximately 6 months ago, he started to develop gradually worsening right arm weakness that progressed to difficulty walking about three months ago. His past medical history is notable for a transient ischemic attack, hypertensi... | Natalizumab | Selegeline | Bromocriptine | Riluzole | 3 | |
train-00437 | A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department for sudden weakness. The patient states that he was at home enjoying his morning coffee when his symptoms began. He says that his left arm suddenly felt very odd and weak thus prompting him to come to the ED. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes, COPD... | Berry aneurysm rupture | Bridging vein tear | Hypertensive encephalopathy | Lipohyalinosis | 3 | |
train-00438 | An 18-year-old male was brought to the emergency room after he caused an accident by driving at a slow speed as he was entering the freeway. He appears to have sustained no major injuries just minor scratches and lacerations, but appears to be paranoid, anxious, and is complaining of thirst. He has conjunctival injecti... | Phencyclidine (PCP) | Cocaine | Alprazolam | Marijuana | 3 | |
train-00439 | A 37-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain. She reports that the pain is not new and usually starts within half an hour of eating a meal. The pain has been previously diagnosed as biliary colic, and she underwent a cholecystectomy three months ago for symptomatic bilia... | Pancreaticoduodenectomy | Biliary stent | Sphincterotomy | Surgical revascularization | 2 | |
train-00440 | A 14-year-old male presents to the emergency department with altered mental status. His friends who accompanied him said that he complained of abdominal pain while camping. They denied his consumption of anything unusual from the wilderness, or any vomiting or diarrhea. His temperature is 100.5°F (38.1°C), blood pressu... | Increase respiratory rate | Increase respiratory rate and tidal volume | Increase tidal volume | Increase tidal volume and positive end-expiratory pressure | 1 | |
train-00441 | A 50-year-old woman comes to the physician because of multiple, ulcerative skin lesions that occur over various parts of her body. She reports that these rashes first appeared 6 months ago. They occur episodically and usually start as reddish spots, which then expand in size and ulcerate over the next ten days. They re... | Measurement of serum zinc levels | Endoscopic ultrasonongraphy | Administration of octreotide | Measurement of glycated hemoglobin
" | 2 | |
train-00442 | A 52-year-old female presents to her primary care physician for medical evaluation prior to an elective hip replacement surgery. She has hypertension and diabetes, both of which are well controlled on oral medications. She also admits to occasional use of recreational injection drugs so a panel of serologies are obtain... | It exists as a monomer | It exists as a pentamer | It activates mast cells | It is only activated by multivalent immunogens | 0 | |
train-00443 | A 40-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, comes to the physician because of fatigue, nausea, joint pain, and mild flank pain for 2 months. She has refractory acid reflux and antral and duodenal peptic ulcers for which she takes omeprazole. She also has chronic, foul-smelling, light-colored diarrhea. Five years ago she wa... | NF2 | C-Kit | RET | MEN1 | 3 | |
train-00444 | A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of multiple episodes of dizziness over the past 3 months. Episodes last between 20 minutes and 1 hour. During the episodes she experiences the sudden onset of spinning sensations and imbalance, associated with a ringing in her left ear. She also reports progressive lef... | Reduce caffeine intake | Begin topiramate therapy | Perform Epley maneuver | Begin fluoxetine therapy
" | 0 | |
train-00445 | A 23-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for increasing abdominal pain and confusion for 3 days. The pain is constant and she describes it as 8 out of 10 in intensity. She has the strong feeling that she is being watched. She has not had a bowel movement for 2 days. She began experiencing tingling in parts... | Hemin therapy | Haloperidol therapy | Chloroquine | Glucose | 0 | |
train-00446 | A 4-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician by his mother for a physical exam before summer camp. They have no complaints or concerns at this time. He was born at 37 weeks gestation by cesarean delivery. The delivery was complicated by an omphalocele and macrosomia. During infancy and into early childhood, he strug... | Scoliosis | Alzheimer's disease | Wilms tumor | Sudden infant death syndrome | 2 | |
train-00447 | A 72-year-old man is brought to your office by his daughter due to concern over recent behavioral changes. Over the last several months he has had increasing difficulty with remembering recent events. She mentions that he is embarrassed due to a new inability to control urination. His medical history is significant for... | Distortion of corona radiata fibers | Atrophy of the caudate and putamen | Atrophy of the subthalamic nucleus | Depigmentation of the substantia nigra pars compacta | 0 | |
train-00448 | An 11-year-old boy is brought to the pediatrician by his mother for vomiting. The patient has been vomiting for the past week, and his symptoms have not been improving. His symptoms are worse in the morning and tend to improve throughout the day. The patient also complains of occasional headaches and had diarrhea sever... | Non-enveloped, (+) ssRNA virus | Gram-positive enterotoxin | Intracerebellar mass | Remnant of Rathke's pouch | 3 | |
train-00449 | A 35-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 1-week history of progressive confusion, myalgia, and nausea. His wife says that he first reported headaches and fatigue 10 days ago, and since then “he has not been himself”. He has refused to drink any liquids for the last day. Two mont... | RNA-dependent DNA polymerase inhibitor | Chemically-inactivated virus | Live attenuated vaccine | Immunoglobulin against a bacterial protein | 1 | |
train-00450 | A 29-year-old patient presents to her primary care physician with persistent amenorrhea and inability to breastfeed over the last 5 months. She says that she has also been very tired since her baby was born and this fatigue was accompanied by an inability to deal with cold weather despite having no problem with cold pr... | Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Prolactin | Thyroid hormone | Aldosterone | 3 | |
train-00451 | A 35-year-old G2P1 delivers a boy in the 40th week of gestation. The pregnancy was uncomplicated. The newborn had Apgar scores of 7 and 9 at the 1st and 5th minutes, respectively. On physical examination, the newborn is noted to have a left-sided cleft lip. The hard palate and nose are normal. Which of the following st... | Failure of development of the first pharyngeal arch | Failure of fusion of the left maxillary prominence and the medial nasal process of the frontonasal prominence | Partial resorption of the first pharyngeal arch | Failure of development of the left maxillary prominence | 1 | |
train-00452 | A 17-year-old male is diagnosed with acne vulgaris during a visit to a dermatologist. He is prescribed a therapy that is a derivative of vitamin A. He has no other significant past medical history. Which of the following is the major side-effect of this therapy? | Hyperglycemia | Hyperlipidemia | Fatigue | Alopecia | 1 | |
train-00453 | A 70-year-old man presented to a medical clinic for a routine follow-up. He has had hypertension for 20 years and is currently on multiple anti-hypertensive medications. The blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg. The remainder of the examinations were within normal limits. Echocardiography showed some changes in the left ven... | Disordered growth of the cardiac cells | Decrease in cardiac cell size | Increase in cardiac cell size | Increase in number of normal cardiac cells | 2 | |
train-00454 | A 33-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of heat intolerance and difficulty sleeping over a one month period. She also reports that she has lost 10 pounds despite no changes in her diet or exercise pattern. More recently, she has developed occasional unprovoked chest pain and palpitations... | Increased numbers of a1-adrenergic receptors | Decreased numbers of a1-adrenergic receptors | Decreased numbers of a2-adrenergic receptors | Increased sensitivity of ß1-adrenergic receptors | 3 | |
train-00455 | A neonate suffering from neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is given supplemental oxygen. Which of the following is a possible consequence of oxygen therapy in this patient? | Atelectasis | Anosmia | Blindness | Cardiac anomalies | 2 | |
train-00456 | A 59-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 2-month history of fatigue and abdominal discomfort. Over the past 6 months, she has had a 5.4-kg (12-lb) weight loss. She takes no medications. Her temperature is 37.8°C (100°F), pulse is 70/min, respirations are 13/min, and blood pressure is 125/80 mm Hg. Cardio... | Cytarabine and daunorubicin | Serum protein electrophoresis | Cytogenetic studies | All-trans retinoic acid | 2 | |
train-00457 | A 70-year-old man presents to his physician for evaluation of fullness and swelling of the left side of the abdomen over the last month. During this time, he has had night sweats and lost 2 kg (4.4 lb) unintentionally. He has no history of severe illness and takes no medications. The vital signs include: blood pressure... | Monoclonal elevation of IgG | Hair-like cell-membrane projections | JAK-2 mutation | Philadelphia chromosome | 2 | |
train-00458 | A physician is choosing whether to prescribe losartan or lisinopril to treat hypertension in a 56-year-old male. Relative to losartan, one would expect treatment with lisinopril to produce which of the following changes in the circulating levels of these peptides? | Bradykinin increase; angiotensin II decrease | Renin decrease; angiotensin 1 increase | Aldosterone increase; bradykinin decrease | Renin decrease; angiotensin II increase | 0 | |
train-00459 | A 20-year-old man presents to the urgent care clinic complaining of nausea and vomiting for the past 2 hours. He just returned from a boating trip with his father, and while aboard they shared some packed potato salad and ham sandwiches. His dad denies any nausea or vomiting but does report minor dizziness. On examinat... | Diphenhydramine | Loperamide | Loratadine | Ondansetron | 0 | |
train-00460 | A 51-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 4-day history of fever and cough productive of foul-smelling, dark red, gelatinous sputum. He has smoked 1 pack of cigarettes daily for 30 years and drinks two 12-oz bottles of beer daily. An x-ray of the chest shows a cavity with air-fluid levels in the right lower... | Exotoxin A | Heat-stable toxin | P-fimbriae | Capsular polysaccharide | 3 | |
train-00461 | A 16-year-old girl is brought to the physician for evaluation of severe acne on her face, chest, and back for the past 2 years. She has no itching or scaling. She has been treated in the past with a combination of oral cephalexin and topical benzoyl peroxide without clinical improvement. She is sexually active with one... | Administer oral contraceptives | Switch cephalexin to doxycycline | Measure serum beta-hCG levels | Measure creatinine kinase levels | 2 | |
train-00462 | A 75-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her daughter for a 4-month history of increasing difficulty recognizing her friends and family. She has had to rely on recognizing haircuts, gait, and voices because she cannot remember their faces. Neurologic examination shows that she is able to recognize objects and... | Left posterior parietal cortex | Left hippocampus | Right superior parietal cortex | Right ventral occipitotemporal cortex | 3 | |
train-00463 | A 25-year-old male patient presents to your clinic in significant distress. He states he has excruciating, stabbing pain around the left side of his head, and his left eye will not stop tearing. These types of headaches have been occurring for the past week every morning when he awakens and last around 60 minutes. He d... | Cluster headache | Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH) | Short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform headaches with conjunctival injection and tearing (SUNCT) syndrome | Trigeminal neuralgia | 0 | |
train-00464 | A 42-year-old woman presents to the physician because of an abnormal breast biopsy report following suspicious findings on breast imaging. Other than being concerned about her report, she feels well. She has no history of any serious illnesses and takes no medications. She does not smoke. She consumes wine 1–2 times pe... | Breast irradiation + tamoxifen | Careful observation + routine mammography | Left mastectomy + axillary dissection + local irradiation | Lumpectomy + routine screening | 1 | |
train-00465 | A 33-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a 3-day history of lower abdominal pain and severe burning with urination. Two years ago, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer and was successfully treated with a combination of radiation and chemotherapy. She has systemic lupus erythematosus and finish... | Radiation-induced inflammation | Ascending infection | Hematogenous spread of infection | Neural hypersensitivity | 1 | |
train-00466 | An 81-year-old man comes to the emergency department with severe left ear pain and drainage for 3 days. He has a history of poorly-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. He appears uncomfortable. Physical examination of the ear shows marked periauricular erythema, exquisite tenderness on palpation, and granulation tissue... | Corynebacterium diphtheriae | Bordetella pertussis | Shigella dysenteriae | Bacillus anthracis | 0 | |
train-00467 | A 24-year-old woman of Ashkenazi Jewish descent presents with recurrent bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain. She says she feels well otherwise. Review of systems is significant for a 4 kg weight loss over the past month. Physical examination is significant for multiple aphthous oral ulcers. Colonoscopy reveals a cobbles... | Thymidylate synthase | Dihydrofolate reductase | Hypoxanthine guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) | DNA polymerase | 1 | |
train-00468 | A 5-year-old girl swallows a marble while playing and is rushed to the hospital by her mother. The patient’s mother says she suddenly started to cough violently and made "funny breathing" sounds for a few minutes which then resolved. Her pulse is 100/min and respirations are 28/min. Physical examination reveals a girl ... | Blood flow would be increased due to arterial vasodilation. | Blood flow would be unchanged due to autoregulation. | Blood flow would be unchanged due to decreased surfactant. | Blood flow would be decreased due to arterial vasoconstriction. | 3 | |
train-00469 | A patient presents with periods of severe headaches and flushing however every time they have come to the physician they have not experienced any symptoms. The only abnormal finding is a blood pressure of 175 mmHg/100 mmHg. It is determined that the optimal treatment for this patient is surgical. Prior to surgery which... | Isoproterenol | Propranolol | Phentolamine | Phenoxybenzamine | 3 | |
train-00470 | A 55-year-old man with no significant medical history returns for follow-up of a fasting blood glucose (FBG) of 110 mg/dL. His mother had a myocardial infarction at age 52. He weighs 90 kg and his body mass index is 35 kg/m2. His repeat FBG is 160 mg/dL and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is 7.0%. He is started on metformin but... | 3% hypertonic saline | Lactated ringer's solution | Glargine insulin | Regular insulin and potassium | 1 | |
train-00471 | A 33-year-old woman comes to the emergency department for the evaluation of a headache and increased sweating for the last two hours. The patient also reports palpitations and nausea. Yesterday, she was started on venlafaxine for treatment-resistant depression. She took citalopram for four weeks, but stopped three days... | Abnormal ryanodine receptor | Increased CNS serotonergic activity | Dopamine receptor blockade | Anticholinergic toxicity | 1 | |
train-00472 | A 67-year-old man with stable coronary artery disease comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. Aside from occasional exertional chest pain on mowing the lawn or prolonged jogging, he feels well. He goes jogging for 20 minutes once a week and takes a tablet of sublingual nitroglycerine prior to his run to pre... | Rebound angina | Reflex sympathetic activity | Anaphylactic reaction | Coronary artery vasospasm | 1 | |
train-00473 | A 35-year-old man presents with a 1-day-history of pain and difficulty moving his right shoulder. He was cleaning his attic when he fell through onto the floor below and landed on his outstretched right hand. He tried over-the-counter analgesics which did not help. Past medical history is unremarkable. The patient is a... | Supraspinatus tendon | Deltoid muscle | Subscapularis tendon | Teres minor tendon | 0 | |
train-00474 | A 42-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of intermittent sharp right upper quadrant abdominal pain and nausea for the past 10 hours. She has vomited 3 times. There is no associated fever, chills, diarrhea, or urinary symptoms. She has 2 children who both attend high school. She appears uncomfo... | Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) | Hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid (HIDA) scan of the biliary tract | Supine and erect X-rays of the abdomen | Transabdominal ultrasonography | 3 | |
train-00475 | A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of difficulty walking and cold feet for the past 2 months. His parents report that he tires quickly from walking. The patient was born at 37 weeks' gestation and has met all developmental milestones. There is no personal or family history of serious il... | Rib notching | Low tissue oxygenation in the legs | Interarm difference in blood pressure | Right ventricular outflow obstruction | 1 | |
train-00476 | A 62-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of syncope. He reports sudden onset of palpitations followed by loss of consciousness while carrying his groceries to his car. He is unable to recall any further details and does not have any chest pain or dizziness. He has a history of hypertension, type... | Prolonged QT interval | Prinzmetal angina | Brugada syndrome | Hypomagnesemia
" | 0 | |
train-00477 | A 27-year-old man presents to the emergency department with nausea and vomiting. The patient started experiencing these symptoms shortly after arriving home from going out to eat at a seafood restaurant. His symptoms progressed and now he reports having an odd metallic taste in his mouth, diffuse pruritus, and blurry v... | Ciguatoxin | Scombrotoxin | Tetrodotoxin | Type I hypersensitivity reaction | 0 | |
train-00478 | A 43-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing shortness of breath for 1 month. He has been using two pillows at night but frequently wakes up feeling as if he is choking. Five months ago, he underwent surgery for creation of an arteriovenous fistula in his left upper arm. He has hypertension and chroni... | AV fistula aneurysm | Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome | Constrictive pericarditis | High-output heart failure | 3 | |
train-00479 | A 38-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, is brought to the emergency department by her husband after an episode of unconsciousness. She delivered a healthy infant two weeks ago and the postpartum course was complicated by severe vaginal bleeding, for which she required 4 units of packed red blood cells. Since the blood ... | Lactotrophic adenoma | Adrenal hemorrhage | Hypothalamic infarction | Pituitary ischemia | 3 | |
train-00480 | A 71-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his daughter after she found him to be extremely confused at home. She says that he appeared to be fine in the morning; however, upon returning home, she found that he was slumped in his chair and was hard to arouse. She was worried that he may have taken too ... | Increased antidepressant levels | Increased bleeding time | Increased d-dimer levels | Increased prothrombin time | 3 | |
train-00481 | A 22-year-old man seeks help from a physician for his heroin addiction. He tells the doctor that he started using heroin at the age of 17 and gradually started increasing the dose. He has been trying to quit for the last 6 months after realizing the negative consequences of his addiction but has not succeeded because o... | Codeine | Clonidine | Methadone | Naloxone | 2 | |
train-00482 | A 48-year-old man is unable to pass urine after undergoing open abdominal surgery. His physical examination and imaging findings suggest that the cause of his urinary retention is non-obstructive and is most probably due to urinary bladder atony. He is prescribed a new selective muscarinic (M3) receptor agonist, which ... | Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase | Inhibition of guanylyl cyclase | Activation of phospholipase C | Increased transmembrane K+ conductance | 2 | |
train-00483 | A 17-year-old boy comes to the physician because of body aches and sore throat for 1 week. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He lives with his parents; they recently adopted a cat from an animal shelter. He is sexually active with one female partner, and they use condoms consistently. His t... | Epstein-Barr virus | Cytomegalovirus | Human immunodeficiency virus | Toxoplasma gondii | 0 | |
train-00484 | An 8-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with severe dyspnea, fatigue, and vomiting. His mother reports that he has been lethargic for the last several days with an increase in urine output. She thinks he may even be losing weight, despite eating and drinking more than normal for the last couple weeks. ... | Increase in serum glucose | Decrease in serum potassium | Decrease in pH | Decrease in serum bicarbonate | 1 | |
train-00485 | A 49-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with bloody stool and malaise. She developed a fever and acute left lower quadrant abdominal pain earlier in the day. She has had 2 bowel movements with bright red blood. Her past medical history is notable for hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. She t... | Hyaline casts | Muddy brown casts | Waxy casts | White blood cell casts | 1 | |
train-00486 | A 50-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of lethargy and confusion for the past 24 hours. He has also had a productive cough for the past year and has had a 10-kg (22-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. He has a history of multiple sclerosis and has not had an acute exacerbation ... | Order CT scan of the chest | Administer furosemide | Administer hypertonic saline | Administer demeclocycline | 2 | |
train-00487 | A 55-year-old man presents to the physician with complaints of 5 days of watery diarrhea, fever, and bloating. He has not noticed any blood in his stool. He states that his diet has not changed recently, and his family has been spared from diarrhea symptoms despite eating the same foods that he has been cooking at home... | Colonoscopy | Fecal occult blood test | Stool ova and parasite | Stool toxin assay | 3 | |
train-00488 | A 49-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor in late December with malaise. She reports worsening fatigue, myalgias, headache, and malaise that started 1 day ago. She works as a lunch lady at an elementary school. Her past medical history is notable for a distal radius fracture after a fall 2 years ago, but ... | DNA polymerase inhibitor | Neuraminidase inhibitor | Reverse transcriptase inhibitor | RNA-dependent polymerase inhibitor | 1 | |
train-00489 | A 78-year-old woman is brought to the emergency ward by her son for lethargy and generalized weakness. The patient speaks in short utterances and does not make eye contact with the provider or her son throughout the interview and examination. You elicit that the patient lives with her son and daughter-in-law, and she r... | Perform lumbar puncture | Question the patient's son regarding the home situation | Ask the patient's son to leave the room | Call Adult Protective Services to report the patient's son | 2 | |
train-00490 | A 23-year-old woman presents with fever, chills, nausea, and urinary urgency and frequency. She says that her symptoms began 4 days ago and have progressively worsened. Her past medical history is significant for a 6-month history of recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). Her vital signs include: temperature 39.0°C... | Pyelonephritis | Uncomplicated cystitis | UTI | Acute obstructing nephrolithiasis | 0 | |
train-00491 | A 44-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-week history of lower extremity swelling and frothy urine. He has a history of chronic hepatitis C infection. Physical examination shows 3+ pitting edema of the lower legs and ankles. Further evaluation of this patient is most likely to show which of the following... | Decreased blood urea nitrogen | Increased lipoproteins | Decreased cystatin C | Increased antithrombin III | 1 | |
train-00492 | A 72-year-old male presents to his primary care physician complaining of increased urinary frequency and a weakened urinary stream. He has a history of gout, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. He currently takes allopurinol, metformin, glyburide, and rosuvastatin. His temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pr... | Alpha-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist | Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonist | Non-selective alpha receptor antagonist | Selective muscarinic agonist | 0 | |
train-00493 | A 39-year-old male presents with muscle weakness in his upper and lower extremities. The patient has also noticed some trouble with swallowing. On physical exam, signs of hyperreflexia, spasticity, fasciculations, and muscle atrophy are present in an asymmetric fashion. Tongue fasciculations are also present. No sensor... | Mitochondrial proliferation leading to ragged appearance in Gomori trichrome stain | Perimysial CD4+ infiltration and perifascicular atrophy | Denervation and reinnervation of the muscle | Larval cysts | 2 | |
train-00494 | A 38-year-old woman comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. She was diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenic purpura at the age of 37 years and has been treated with glucocorticoids and intravenous immune globulin. She has visited the emergency department 3 times in the past 4 months for nose bleeds, which re... | Romiplostim therapy | Rituximab therapy | Observation and follow-up | Schedule splenectomy | 3 | |
train-00495 | A 54-year-old man is brought to the physician by his wife because of progressive difficulty walking during the past 3 months. He has not been able to walk without assistance for the past month and has started to use a wheelchair. He also reports having urinary incontinence for 1 year. His wife says that he has begun to... | Multiple system atrophy | Friedreich ataxia | Corticobasal degeneration | Normal pressure hydrocephalus | 0 | |
train-00496 | A 28-year-old primigravid woman at 36 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department for 2 hours of contractions. Her pregnancy has been uncomplicated. The contractions occur once every 20–30 minutes, last less than 30 seconds, and have been consistent in intensity and duration since onset. During that time there h... | Offer local or regional anesthesia | Admit for continuous monitoring | Reassurance and discharge | Perform cesarean delivery | 2 | |
train-00497 | A 28-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by a friend after fainting at work and hitting her head. She is conscious, alert, and in pain as she sustained a deep laceration above her right orbit. When asked about prior fainting episodes, she says that she has had them since childhood, but she felt it was... | Calcium gluconate | Flecainide | Magnesium sulfate | Procainamide | 2 | |
train-00498 | A 61-year-old G4P3 presents with a 5-year history of involuntary urine loss on coughing, sneezing, and physical exertion. She denies urine leakage at night. She has been menopausal since 51 years of age. She is otherwise healthy and is not on any medications, including hormone replacement therapy. The weight is 78 kg (... | Normal residual volume, involuntary detrusor contractions on maximal bladder filling | Normal residual volume, involuntary detrusor contractions on minimal bladder filling | Increased residual volume, involuntary detrusor contractions on maximal bladder filling | Normal residual volume, no involuntary detrusor contractions | 3 | |
train-00499 | A 20-year-old woman is brought in by police for trying to break into a museum after hours. The patient states that she is a detective on the trail of a master collusion scheme and needs the artifacts from the museum to prove her case. Her family reports that she has been acting strangely for the past week. She has been... | Electroconvulsive therapy | Fluoxetine | Haloperidol | Lithium | 2 |
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