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train-00900 | A 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because she has been unable to conceive for 2 years. The patient also reports monthly episodes of pelvic and back pain accompanied by painful diarrhea for 6 years. She takes naproxen for the pain, which has provided some relief. Menses have occurred at regular 28-day intervals... | Endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity | Smooth muscle tumor arising from the myometrium | Primary failure of the ovaries | Scarring of the fallopian tubes | 0 | |
train-00901 | A 41-year-old man presents to his primary care provider because of chest pain with activity for the past 6 months. Past medical history is significant for appendectomy at age 12 and, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus type 2 that is poorly controlled. He takes metformin and lisinopril but admits that he is bad at reme... | Diabetes mellitus | Hypertension | Obesity | Smoking | 0 | |
train-00902 | A 56-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after falling from a height of 3 feet onto a sharp metal fence pole. He is unconscious. Physical examination shows a wound on the upper margin of the right clavicle in the parasternal line that is 3-cm-deep. Which of the following is the most likely re... | Rotator cuff tear due to supraspinatus muscle injury | Pneumothorax due to pleural injury | Trapezius muscle paresis due to spinal accessory nerve injury | Traumatic aneurysm due to internal carotid artery injury | 1 | |
train-00903 | A 12-hour-old newborn is urgently transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit because he is found to be cyanotic and appears blue in all four extremities. He was born to a 42-year-old G1P1 mother who underwent no prenatal screening because she did not show up to her prenatal care visits. She has poorly controlled d... | Decreased platelet aggregation | Increased bronchial tone | Vascular vasoconstriction | Vascular vasodilation | 3 | |
train-00904 | A syndrome caused by chromosomal anomalies is being researched in the immunology laboratory. Several congenital conditions are observed among the participating patients, mostly involving the thymus and the heart. Common facial features of affected individuals are shown in the image below. Flow cytometry analysis of pat... | Deformation | Agenesis | Aplasia | Malformation | 2 | |
train-00905 | A 65-year-old man presents to the emergency department with confusion and a change in his behavior. The patient was in his usual state of health 3 days ago. He became more confused and agitated this morning thus prompting his presentation. The patient has a past medical history of depression, hypertension, diabetes, an... | Bacterial infection | Electrolyte abnormality | Medication complication | Viral infection | 2 | |
train-00906 | A 36-year-old man presents to the physician with difficulty in breathing for 3 hours. There is no history of chest pain, cough or palpitation. He is a chronic smoker and underwent elective cholecystectomy one month back. There is no history of chronic or recurrent cough, wheezing or breathlessness. His temperature is 3... | Bilateral wheezing | Systolic murmur at the left sternal border | Pleural friction rub | Localized rales | 3 | |
train-00907 | A 2250-g (5.0-lb) male newborn and a 2900-g (6.4-lb) male newborn are delivered at 36 weeks' gestation to a 24-year-old, gravida 1, para 1 woman. The mother had no prenatal care. Examination of the smaller newborn shows low-set ears, retrognathia, and right-sided clubfoot. The hematocrit is 41% for the smaller newborn ... | Dichorionic-diamniotic monozygotic | Monochorionic-diamniotic monozygotic | Dichorionic-monoamniotic monozygotic | Monochorionic-monoamniotic monozygotic | 1 | |
train-00908 | A 54-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for back pain. His back pain worsens with standing for a prolonged period of time or climbing down the stairs and improves with sitting. Medical history is significant for hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia. Neurologic exam demonstr... | Ankle-brachial index | MRI of the lumbosacral spine | Naproxen | Radiography of the lumbosacral spine | 1 | |
train-00909 | An 11-month-old boy presents with the recent loss of appetite and inability to gain weight. His diet consists mainly of cow’s milk and fruits. Family history is unremarkable. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor. Laboratory findings are significant for the following:
Hemoglobin 9.1 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volum... | ↑ reticulocyte count | Anisocytosis | ↓ mean corpuscular hemoglobin | ↓ Mentzer index | 0 | |
train-00910 | A 45-year-old woman presents to the office with a complaint of generalized weakness that has been getting worse over the last few months. She says that she just does not have the energy for her daily activities. She gets winded quite easily when she takes her dog for a walk in the evening. She says that her mood is gen... | Start oral iron supplements. | Start her on fluoxetine. | Start her on erythropoietin. | Transfuse red blood cells. | 2 | |
train-00911 | A 58-year-old male undergoes a surveillance colonoscopy in which a 2 cm adenoma is identified and removed. Had this adenoma not been excised, the patient would have been at risk of progression to carcinoma. Which of the following is the final mutational step in the progression from adenoma to carcinoma? | COX-2 overexpression | p53 inactivation | APC mutation | SMAD 2/4 loss | 1 | |
train-00912 | A 24-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his roommates for aggressive and unusual behavior. His roommates state that he has been under a lot of stress lately from his final exams and has been more reclusive. They state that this evening he was very irritable and was yelling at his computer prior to b... | Caffeine intoxication | Cocaine intoxication | Lisdexamfetamine intoxication | Phencyclidine intoxication | 2 | |
train-00913 | A 9-month-old boy is brought to the physician because of increased irritability, continual crying, and fever for 1 day. His mother has noticed that he refuses to lie down on his right side and keeps tugging at his right ear. One week ago, he had a runny nose that has since improved. He was born at term and has been oth... | Bulging erythematous tympanic membrane | Retracted opacified tympanic membrane | Vesicles in the ear canal | Brown mass within the ear canal | 0 | |
train-00914 | An 11-year-old girl is brought to the office by her mother due to complaint of intermittent and severe periumbilical pain for 1 day. She does not have any significant past medical history. She provides a history of a recent school trip to the suburbs. On physical examination, there is a mild tenderness around the umbil... | Fused kidneys ascend beyond superior mesenteric artery. | Increased risk of developing renal vein thrombosis | Association with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) | Kidneys are usually non-functional. | 2 | |
train-00915 | A 27-year-old man presents to the clinic for his annual physical examination. He was diagnosed with a rare arrhythmia a couple of years ago following an episode of dizziness. A mutation in the gene encoding for the L-type calcium channel protein was identified by genetic testing. He feels fine today. His vitals include... | Abnormal phase 1 | Abnormal phase 4 | Abnormal phase 3 | Abnormal phase 2 | 3 | |
train-00916 | A 27-year-old female has a history of periodic bloody diarrhea over several years. Colonoscopy shows sigmoid colon inflammation, and the patient complains of joint pain in her knees and ankles. You suspect inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following would suggest a diagnosis of Crohn disease: | Left lower quadrant pain | Loss of large bowel haustra | Mucosal and submucosal ulcerations | Perianal fistula | 3 | |
train-00917 | A 25-year-old man is in the middle of an ascent up a mountain, at an elevation of about 4,500 meters. This is the 4th day of his expedition. His friend notices that in the last few hours, he has been coughing frequently and appears to be short of breath. He has used his albuterol inhaler twice in the past 4 hours, but ... | Pulmonary embolism | Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema | An acute asthma exacerbation | Pneumothorax | 1 | |
train-00918 | Researchers are investigating the mechanism of cell apoptosis and host defense in mice. They have observed that mice with certain gene deletions are not able to fight the induced viral infection. They identify a cell that is able to destroy target cells infected with viruses by exocytosis of granule contents, which ind... | Macrophages | Neutrophils | CD8+ lymphocytes | Eosinophils | 2 | |
train-00919 | A 10-year-old boy is brought into your clinic by his mother for sunburns that have not been healing. The mother states that he easily gets sunburned. The mother admits she gave birth to him at home and has never taken him to see a doctor. The patient walks with a wide stance gait and appears unstable on his feet. He ha... | Niacin | Vitamin A | Vitamin K | Folate | 0 | |
train-00920 | A 12-year-old boy is brought to a psychiatrist by his mother upon referral from his pediatrician. The mother describes that for the past 2 years her son has experienced episodes of repetitive blinking and sudden jerking of the arms. Additionally, she notes that he often clears his throat and occasionally makes grunting... | Baclofen | Valproic acid | Fluphenazine | Sertraline | 2 | |
train-00921 | A 63-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening shortness of breath, cough, and a 4-kg (8.8-lb) weight loss over the last year. She has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 35 years. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 92/min, res... | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | Endotracheal neoplasm | Unilateral mainstem obstruction | 0 | |
train-00922 | A 17-year-old girl presents to the gynecologist's office due to lack of menarche. She has been sexually active with 1 male lifetime partner and always uses a condom. Her mother believes that breast development started at 11 years old. On exam, she is a well-appearing, non-hirsute teenager with Tanner V breast and pubic... | 5-alpha reductase deficiency | Müllerian agenesis | Premature ovarian failure | Turner syndrome | 1 | |
train-00923 | A 15-year-old boy is brought to the physician with an ongoing pruritic rash for 1 week. The rash is on his right forearm (refer to the image). He has not had a similar rash in the past. He has no history of allergies, and he is not taking any medications. He frequently enjoys gardening in their backyard. They have no h... | Oral acitretin | Topical clotrimazole | Topical hydrocortisone | Topical salicylic acid | 1 | |
train-00924 | A 17-year-old girl comes to the emergency department with a 5-day history of severe abdominal pain, cramping, nausea, and vomiting. She also has pain with urination. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use condoms inconsistently. She experienced a burning pain when she last had sexual intercourse 3 d... | Pyelonephritis | Ectopic pregnancy | Appendicitis | Pelvic inflammatory disease | 3 | |
train-00925 | A 30-year-old African American woman comes to the physician because of a 3-month history of increasing shortness of breath, cough, and intermittent fever. She works in a local factory that manufactures components for airplanes. She drinks 2–3 glasses of wine daily and has smoked half a pack of cigarettes daily for the ... | Race | Exposure to beryllium | Alcohol consumption | Smoking | 0 | |
train-00926 | A 32-year-old woman visits her primary care provider with the results of a recent colonoscopy, which was ordered after 3 episodes of rectal bleeding in the last month. Her grandmother, mother, and sister all have been diagnosed with nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, at ages 65, 50, and 40 years, respectively. Colonoscopy... | Chromosomal instability | Microsatellite instability | DNA hypermethylation | Chemical carcinogenicity | 1 | |
train-00927 | Two days after admission to the hospital, a 74-year-old man develops confusion and headache. He has also been vomiting over the past hour. His temperature is 36.7°C (98°F), pulse is 98/min, respirations are 22/min, and blood pressure is 140/80 mm Hg. He is lethargic and oriented only to person. Examination shows flushe... | Hypertensive crisis | Tension headache | Major depressive disorder | Acute dystonia | 0 | |
train-00928 | A 24-year-old Turkish female presents to your office for a routine examination. She recently started a new job and has been tired most of the time. She does not have any dizziness and has not lost consciousness. She follows a well-balanced diet and is not vegetarian. She recalls that other family members have had simil... | Point mutation on chromosome 11 | X-linked defect in ALA synthase | Inhibition of ALA dehydratase | Blood loss | 0 | |
train-00929 | A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife because of a 1-hour history of confusion and strange behavior. She reports that he started behaving in an agitated manner shortly after eating some wild berries that they had picked during their camping trip. His temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F). Physi... | Scopolamine | Rivastigmine | Physostigmine | Neostigmine | 2 | |
train-00930 | A 35-year-old G1 is brought to the emergency department because of sharp pains in her abdomen. She is at 30 weeks gestation based on ultrasound. She complains of feeling a little uneasy during the last 3 weeks of her pregnancy. She mentions that her abdomen has not been enlarging as expected and her baby is not moving... | IV fluids | D-dimer assay | Fresh frozen plasma | Low-molecular-weight heparin | 0 | |
train-00931 | A 21-year-old G1P0 woman presents to the labor and delivery ward at 39 weeks gestation for elective induction of labor. She requests a labor epidural. An epidural catheter is secured at the L4-L5 space. She exhibits no hemodynamic reaction to lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000. A continuous infusion of bupivacai... | Bainbridge reflex | Intrathecal infiltration of local anesthetic | Local anesthetic systemic toxicity | Sympathetic blockade | 3 | |
train-00932 | A 39-year-old woman presents to her gynecologist for a routine visit. She has no complaints during this visit. She had an abnormal pap test 6 years ago that showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance. The sample was negative for human papillomavirus. On her follow-up Pap test 3 years later, there was n... | Loop electrosurgical excision procedure | Cold knife conization | Follow-up pap smear in one year | Follow-up pap smear in 3 years | 1 | |
train-00933 | A 64-year-old nulliparous woman comes to the physician because of fatigue and an increase in abdominal girth despite a 5-kg (11.0-lb) weight loss over the past 6 months. Her last Pap smear 2 years ago showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; subsequent HPV testing was negative at that time. Menarche... | Proliferation of endometrial glands | Chocolate cyst of the left ovary | Elevated serum CA-125 level | Cervical dysplasia on cervical smear | 2 | |
train-00934 | A 17-year-old boy comes to the emergency department following an injury during football practice. He fell and landed on the lateral aspect of his right shoulder. He is holding his right arm supported by his left arm, with his right arm adducted against his side. He is tender to palpation directly over the middle third ... | Open reduction and internal fixation with a compression plate | Open reduction and internal fixation with an intramedullary nail | Figure-of-eight splinting | Mobilization | 2 | |
train-00935 | A 34-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He was diagnosed with HIV 8 years ago. He is currently receiving triple antiretroviral therapy. He is sexually active and uses condoms consistently. He is planning a trip to Thailand with his partner to celebrate his 35th birthday in... | Bacillus Calmette Guerin vaccine | Measles, mumps, rubella vaccine | Yellow fever vaccine | No vaccination | 1 | |
train-00936 | A 37-year-old man comes to the emergency department for severe eye pain. The patient reports that he is a construction worker and was drilling metal beams when he suddenly felt a sharp pain in his right eye. Since then, the vision in his right eye has seemed blurry and his eye “has not stopped tearing.” The patient’s m... | Fluorescein stain | Orbital magnetic resonance imaging | Tonometry | Topical corticosteroids | 0 | |
train-00937 | A 49-year-old man comes to the hospital for a 10-day history of cough and worsening shortness of breath. He has sharp right-sided chest pain that worsens on inspiration and coughing. Two weeks ago, the patient was admitted to the hospital after passing out on the street from alcohol intoxication but he left against med... | Amylase of 200 U/L | Lymphocytosis of > 90% | Pleural fluid LDH/serum LDH ratio of 0.5 | Glucose of 30 mg/dL | 3 | |
train-00938 | A 70-year-old Caucasian women presents to the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain. She is oriented to person but is slow to answer questions and cannot name her location. She is afebrile on exam and endorses mild suprapubic tenderness. Her urine culture was positive for leukocyte esterase and nitrites. S... | Cephalexin | Azithromycin | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | Ceftriaxone | 2 | |
train-00939 | A previously healthy 26-year-old man is brought to the emergency department because of extreme agitation and confusion. He is unable to give a clear history. His mother says he returned from a hiking trip 4 weeks ago on which he also explored caves. Over the past few days, he has had generalized fever and malaise with ... | Plasmapheresis | Antifungal therapy | Antiviral therapy | Immunoglobulin and vaccination administration | 3 | |
train-00940 | A 22-year-old woman with a history of bipolar disorder presents to her psychiatrist’s office for a follow-up appointment. She says she is doing better on the new drug she was prescribed. However, she recently noticed that she is drinking a lot of water and urinates more frequently throughout the day. She also says ther... | Lithium | Amitriptyline | Valproic acid | Carbamazepine | 0 | |
train-00941 | A 21-year-old man presents to the physician with complaint of fever and non-bloody diarrhea for the past 3 days, after a week of constipation. He and his family recently returned from a summer spent in New Delhi, India visiting relatives. Physical examination reveals abdominal tenderness and a pink macular rash extendi... | Ciprofloxacin | Metronidazole | Oral vancomycin | Penicillin | 0 | |
train-00942 | A 13-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for evaluation of leg pain. Specifically, he has been having pain around his right knee that has gotten progressively worse over the last several months. On presentation, he has swelling and tenderness over his right distal femur. Radiographs are obtained and the results... | Breast cancer | Colorectal cancer | Neurofibromas | Pancreatic cancers | 0 | |
train-00943 | A 2-month-old Middle Eastern female infant from a consanguinous marriage presents with seizures, anorexia, failure to thrive, developmental delay, and vomiting and fatigue after eating. Blood work demonstrated levels of methylmalonic acid nearly 500 times normal levels. A carbon-14 propionate incorporation assay was pe... | Acetyl-CoA + CO2 --> Malonyl-CoA | Methylmalonyl-CoA --> Succinyl-CoA | Pyruvate --> acetyl-CoA | Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate --> Citrate | 1 | |
train-00944 | A 25-year-old woman with a history of polycystic ovarian syndrome, depression, and chronic bilateral ear infections presents to the otolaryngologist's clinic 12 weeks after right ear tympanoplasty. Her audiology report one week prior showed that her hearing improved as expected by 20 decibels. However, she reports that... | Atypical migraine | Cluster headache | Glossopharyngeal neuralgia | Trigeminal neuralgia | 2 | |
train-00945 | A 14-month-old boy is brought in by his parents with an 8-month history of diarrhea, abdominal tenderness and concomitant failure to thrive. The pediatric attending physician believes that Crohn’s disease is the best explanation of this patient’s symptoms. Based on the pediatric attending physician’s experience, the pr... | 2.5% | 25% | 40% | 97.5% | 0 | |
train-00946 | A 48-year-old woman with a history of osteoarthritis and hypertension presents to the office complaining of persistent abdominal pain for the last 2 months. She describes the pain as 'burning and achy' that is worse when she eats, which has lead to a weight loss of 4.5 kg (10.0 lb). The patient is currently taking lisi... | Chronic NSAID use | Longstanding GERD | Age and gender | A congenital diverticulum | 0 | |
train-00947 | A 52-year-old male patient with chronic alcoholism presents to an ambulatory medical clinic, where the hepatologist elects to perform comprehensive hepatitis B screening, in addition to several other screening and preventative measures. Given the following choices, which serologic marker, if positive, would indicate th... | HBsAg | HBsAb | HBcAb | HBeAg | 1 | |
train-00948 | A 24-year-old man comes to the physician because of chronic fatigue and generalized weakness after exertion. His legs feel stiff after walking long distances and he has leg cramps after climbing stairs. His symptoms are always relieved by rest. Urine dipstick shows 3+ blood and urinalysis is negative for RBCs. Baseline... | Intrafascicular CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration | Endomysial fibrosis with absent dystrophin | Intermyofibrillar proliferation of mitochondria | Subsarcolemmal acid–Schiff-positive deposits | 3 | |
train-00949 | A 59-year-old man comes to the physician because of a painful, burning red rash on his face and hands, which developed 30 minutes after going outside to do garden work. He wore a long-sleeved shirt and was exposed to direct sunlight for about 10 minutes. The patient is light-skinned and has a history of occasional sunb... | Uroporphyrin accumulation | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Use of demeclocycline | Normal sunburn reaction
" | 2 | |
train-00950 | A 44-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after falling off the roof of a house. He was cleaning the roof when he slipped and fell. He did not lose consciousness and does not have any nausea. On arrival, he is alert and oriented and has a cervical collar on his neck. His pulse is 96/min, respi... | X-ray of the neck | CT scan of the cervical spine | Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma | X-ray of the right wrist
" | 1 | |
train-00951 | A 63-year-old man presents to his primary care physician because he has been having headaches and hearing loss. In addition, he says that he has been having difficulty opening his jaw to eat and recurrent middle ear infections. Physical exam reveals enlarged neck lymph nodes and a mass in the nasopharynx. Biopsy of the... | Adult T-cell lymphoma | Burkitt lymphoma | Kaposi sarcoma | Vulvar carcinoma | 1 | |
train-00952 | A 26-year-old nurse presents 12 hours after she accidentally stuck herself with a blood-contaminated needle. She reported the accident appropriately and now seeks post-exposure prophylaxis. She does not have any complaints at the moment of presentation. Her vital signs include: blood pressure 125/80 mm Hg, heart rate 7... | Vm and Km will both decrease | Vm will decrease, Km will increase | Vm will stay the same, Km will increase | Vm and Km will both increase | 2 | |
train-00953 | A 55-year-old man, who underwent a kidney transplant 2 years ago, presents in septic shock. He is compliant with his immunosuppressive therapy. He does not use any drugs and is sexually active with one male partner. His complete blood count returns as follows: Hemoglobin: 13.7 g/dL, white blood cell count: 4000 cells/m... | Defective IL-2 receptor | Decreased phagocytic cell count | Failure to take suppressive trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole therapy | Renal failure | 1 | |
train-00954 | One day after doctors helped a 28-year-old primigravid woman deliver a 4700 g (10 lb 6 oz) boy, he has bluish discoloration of his lips and fingernails. Oxygen saturation on room air is 81%. Examination shows central cyanosis. A continuous machine-like murmur is heard over the left upper sternal border. A single S2 hea... | Elevated fasting blood glucose | Positive rapid plasma reagin test | Prenatal alcohol use | Prenatal phenytoin intake | 0 | |
train-00955 | A 65-year-old man with chronic obstructive lung disease, depression, and type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician with fever, chills, dyspnea, and a productive cough for 5 days. His temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F) and respirations are 30/min. An x-ray of the chest shows a right lower lobe infiltrate, and sputum ... | Multivitamin | Glimepiride | Theophylline | Prednisone | 0 | |
train-00956 | A 75-year-old over-weight gentleman with a long history of uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, smoking and obesity is presenting to his primary care physician with a chief complaint of increased difficulty climbing stairs and the need to sleep propped up by an increasing number of pillows at night. On physical examina... | Long-term smoking | Uncontrolled Hypertension | Sleep Apnea | Acute Myocardial Infarction | 1 | |
train-00957 | An 18-month-old boy presents to the pediatrician by his mother for a routine check-up. The mother has no concerns, although she asks about the "hole in his heart" that the patient had at birth. The patient has no history of cyanosis or heart failure; however, a holosystolic, harsh murmur was noted at the 3- and 6-month... | Defect of muscular interventricular septum | Defect of the membranous interventricular septum | Defective dynein functioning | Failure of endocardial cushion to form | 1 | |
train-00958 | A 4-month-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for a well-child visit. His parents have noticed that he has had poor growth compared to his older siblings. The boy was delivered vaginally after a normal pregnancy. His temperature is 98.8°F (37.1°C), blood pressure is 98/68 mmHg, pulse is 88/min, and respirations are ... | Alpha-1,4-glucosidase | Alpha-1,6-glucosidase | Glucose-6-phosphatase | Glycogen synthase | 2 | |
train-00959 | A 10-month-old boy is brought to the clinic with a history of recurrent episodes of stridor and wheezing. His mother reports that his wheezing is exacerbated by crying, feeding, and flexion of the neck, and is relieved by extension of the neck. Occasionally he vomits after feeding. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Laryngomalacia | Double aortic arch | Congenital subglottic stenosis | Recurrent viral wheeze | 1 | |
train-00960 | A 25-year-old nulliparous woman presents to her gynecologist complaining of recurrent menstrual pain. She reports a 4-month history of pelvic pain that occurs during her periods. It is more severe than her typical menstrual cramps and sometimes occurs when she is not on her period. She also complains of pain during int... | Benign proliferation of uterine myometrium | Chronic inflammation of the uterine endometrium | Endometrial glands and stroma within the peritoneal cavity | Endometrial glands and stroma within the uterine myometrium | 2 | |
train-00961 | Urinalysis shows:
Protein 1+
Leukocyte esterase positive
Nitrite positive
RBC 2/hpf
WBC 90/hpf
WBC casts numerous
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?" | Treat on an outpatient basis with nitrofurantoin | Admit the patient and perform an CT scan of the abdomen | Treat on an outpatient basis with ciprofloxacin | Admit the patient and treat with intravenous levofloxacin | 2 | |
train-00962 | Two days after hospitalization for urgent chemotherapy to treat Burkitt’s lymphoma, a 7-year-old boy develops dyspnea and reduced urine output. He also feels a tingling sensation in his fingers and toes. Blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg, respirations are 28/min, pulse is 100/min, and temperature is 36.2°C (97.2°F). The l... | Allopurinol | Ciprofloxacin | Sodium bicarbonate | No prevention would have been effective | 0 | |
train-00963 | A 26-year-old woman comes to the emergency room because she had difficulty breathing during an exercise session. She also has a cough and end-expiratory wheezing. Besides these symptoms, she has a normal physical appearance. She has experienced similar breathing problems during exercise in the past, but never during re... | Systemic corticosteroids | Short acting β2-agonists | Aminophylline | No therapy, only avoidance of exercise | 1 | |
train-00964 | A 27-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of right-sided facial weakness and sound intolerance. Three days ago, he hit the right side of his head in a motor vehicle collision. He neither lost consciousness nor sought medical attention. Physical examination shows drooping of the mouth and ptosi... | Stylopharyngeus | Cricothyroid | Anterior belly of the digastric | Stylohyoid | 3 | |
train-00965 | A 3-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother for the evaluation of abdominal pain for one hour after drinking a bottle of toilet bowl cleaner. The mother reports that he vomited once on the way to the hospital and his vomit was non-bloody. The patient has pain with swallowing. He appears uncomf... | Obtain upper endoscopy | Perform gastric lavage | Obtain barium upper gastrointestinal series | Administer activated charcoal | 0 | |
train-00966 | A 31-year-old female presents to her gynecologist with spotting between periods. She reports that her menses began at age 11, and she has never had spotting prior to the three months ago. Her medical history is significant for estrogen-receptor positive intraductal carcinoma of the breast, which was treated with tamoxi... | Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoopherectomy | Partial, cervix-sparing hysterectomy | Start progestin-only therapy | Observation with annual endometrial biopsies | 2 | |
train-00967 | A 22-year-old man comes to the physician because of generalized fatigue for the past 3 months. During this time, his grades have declined in his college courses because he has had difficulty focusing on assignments and sometimes sleeps in class. He no longer plays the drums for his band and has stopped attending family... | Escitalopram therapy | Reassurance | Diazepam therapy | Amitriptyline therapy | 0 | |
train-00968 | A 67-year-old African American woman visits the clinic with a complaint of progressive fatigue. These symptoms started gradually and slowly became worse over the past 4 months. She is short of breath after walking a few blocks and has difficulty climbing stairs. She denies having chest pain, leg swelling, or a cough. H... | A decrease in her reticulocyte count | A decrease in erythropoietin levels | Increased white blood cell count | Thrombocytopenia | 0 | |
train-00969 | A 2-day old male newborn delivered vaginally at 36 weeks to a 29-year-old woman, gravida 3, para 2, has generalized convulsions lasting 2 minutes. Previous to the event, he had difficulty feeding and was lethargic. Pregnancy and delivery were uncomplicated. Apgar scores were 7 and 8 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. Pr... | Congenital toxoplasmosis | Congenital rubella infection | Congenital syphilis infection | Congenital varicella infection
" | 0 | |
train-00970 | A 34-year-old woman makes an appointment with her gynecologist because she has been having foul smelling vaginal discharge. She says that the symptoms started about a week ago, but she can't think of any particular trigger associated with the onset of symptoms. She says that otherwise she has not experienced any pain o... | Cervicovaginal friability | Dimorphic fungus | Oxidase-negative, facultative anaerobe | Flagellated, pear-like-shaped trophozoites | 2 | |
train-00971 | A previously healthy 2-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother after she noticed multiple painless, nonpruritic papules on her abdomen. The child attends daycare three times per week, and this past week one child was reported to have similar lesions. Her immunizations are up-to-date. Her brother had chi... | Insect bites | Molluscum contagiosum | Verruca vulgaris | Chickenpox
" | 1 | |
train-00972 | A 28-year-old man presents with fever, chills, and malaise which began 5 days ago. He also mentions that the back of his right upper arm feels itchy. He says he works as a forest guide and recently came back from a forest expedition. Upon asking, he reports that the forest where he works is infested with ticks. His tem... | Azithromycin | Doxycycline | Fluconazole | Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | 1 | |
train-00973 | A 23-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend because of a 4-month history of feeling sad. Her boyfriend says that, during this period, she has slept and eaten very little and has been unable to focus at work. She says that she feels “empty inside” and has been hearing voices telling her t... | Schizophrenia | Schizophreniform disorder | Schizoaffective disorder | Schizotypal personality disorder | 2 | |
train-00974 | Blood cultures are sent to the laboratory and empiric treatment with intravenous vancomycin is started. Blood cultures grow gram-negative bacilli identified as Cardiobacterium hominis. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? | Switch to intravenous ampicillin | Switch to intravenous ceftriaxone | Switch to intravenous cefazolin | Add intravenous rifampin | 1 | |
train-00975 | A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by emergency medical services. The patient was an unrestrained passenger in a head-on collision that occurred 15 minutes ago and is currently unresponsive. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 60/33 mmHg, pulse is 180/min, respirations are 17/min... | Hemoglobin: 19 g/dL, Hematocrit: 55%, MCV: 95 µm^3 | Hemoglobin: 15 g/dL, Hematocrit: 45%, MCV: 90 µm^3 | Hemoglobin: 10 g/dL, Hematocrit: 30%, MCV: 110 µm^3 | Hemoglobin: 7 g/dL, Hematocrit: 21%, MCV: 75 µm^3 | 1 | |
train-00976 | A 65-year-old alcoholic male had been taken to the emergency room after he was found unconscious covered in vomitus. After regaining consciousness, he complained of a constant productive cough with foul-smelling sputum for the past few weeks. A chest x-ray(Image A) was taken and the patient was treated accordingly. The... | Gram-positive bacilli, motile, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe | Gram-negative bacilli, lactose non-fermenter, glucose fermenter, oxidase positive | Gram-negative bacilli, lactose non-fermenter, oxidase negative, and hydrogen sulfide producer | Gram-negative bacilli, lactose non-fermenter, oxidase negative, and does not produce hydrogen sulfide | 0 | |
train-00977 | A 45-year-old African American woman presents to her family physician for a routine examination. Past medical history is positive for amyloidosis and non-rhythm-based cardiac abnormalities secondary to the amyloidosis. Which of the following cardiac parameters would be expected in this patient? | Preserved ejection fraction and decreased compliance | Decreased ejection fraction and increased compliance | Decreased ejection fraction and decreased compliance | Increased ejection fraction and decreased compliance | 0 | |
train-00978 | A 26-year-old healthy woman presents with lightheadedness, palpitations, and sweating, which started suddenly after she was frightened by her neighbor’s dog. The patient’s blood pressure is 135/80 mm Hg, the heart rate is 150/min, the respiratory rate is 15/min, and the temperature is 36.6℃ (97.9℉). Her ECG is shown in... | Verapamil | Metoprolol | Adenosine | Propafenone | 2 | |
train-00979 | A 68-year-old female presents to the emergency room with acute onset of dyspnea and hemoptysis. Her past medical history is unremarkable and she has had no prior surgeries. A ventilation-perfusion scan demonstrates a large perfusion defect that is not matched by a ventilation defect in the left lower lobe. Which of the... | Pleuritic chest pain | Bradycardia | Aortic dilation | Claudication | 0 | |
train-00980 | In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors results in an increase in mucus secretion, smooth muscle contraction and bronchoconstriction. The end result is an increase in airway resistance. Which of the following pharmacologic agents interferes directly with... | Epinephrine | Theophylline | Ipratropium | Metoprolol | 2 | |
train-00981 | A 27-year old primigravid woman at 37 weeks' gestation comes to the emergency department because of frequent contractions for 4 hours. Her pregnancy has been complicated by hyperemesis gravidarum which subsided in the second trimester. The contractions occur every 10–15 minutes and have been increasing in intensity and... | Perform ultrasonography | Perform external cephalic version | Administer misoprostol | Administer oxytocin | 0 | |
train-00982 | A 55-year-old man presents with sudden onset palpitations for the past couple of hours. He denies any chest pain. Past medical history is significant for unknown kidney disease. Current medications are amiloride and daily aspirin. His blood pressure is 123/87 mm Hg and pulse is 45/min. Physical examination is unremarka... | 50 mL of 50% glucose solution with 10 units of soluble insulin by intravenous infusion | 50 ml of Sodium bicarbonate (8.4%) | Calcium resonium | Administering a β-antagonist | 3 | |
train-00983 | A 12-year-old boy is brought by his mother to the emergency room because of a swollen, hot, and tender knee that he sustained after falling on his way home. He has never had a swollen joint before; however, he has had frequent nosebleeds throughout his life. His mother is worried because they live with her parents who ... | Activation of inhibitory factors | Antibodies to factor VIII | Inhibition of reductase enzyme | Mutation in carrying protein | 3 | |
train-00984 | A 6-year-old girl is brought to the physician because of increasing swelling around her eyes for the past 3 days. Her vital signs are within normal limits. Physical examination shows periorbital edema and abdominal distention with shifting dullness. Laboratory studies show a serum albumin of 2 g/dL and a serum choleste... | Granular subepithelial deposits of IgG, IgM, and C3 on immunofluorescence | Mesangial proliferation on light microscopy | Deposits of IgG and C3 at the glomerular basement membrane on immunofluoresence | Normal glomeruli on light microscopy | 3 | |
train-00985 | A 58-year-old right-handed man is brought to the emergency department after he was found unconscious in his living room by his wife. She reports that he has never had a similar episode before. The patient has hypertension and consumes multiple alcoholic drinks per day. On arrival, he is confused and oriented only to pe... | Transient ischemic attack | Migraine | Syncope | Seizure | 3 | |
train-00986 | A 42-year-old man comes to the physician for a health maintenance examination. He has had generalized fatigue and muscle aches since his previous visit 6 months ago. He has hypertension and gastroesophageal reflux disease. Current medications include amlodipine and omeprazole. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.1°F), pulse ... | Spironolactone therapy | Right adrenalectomy | Adrenal vein sampling | Bilateral adrenalectomy | 2 | |
train-00987 | An otherwise healthy, exclusively breastfed 4-day-old neonate is brought to the physician because of yellowing of his skin and eyes. His urine has been clear and stools have been normal. He was born at term by vacuum-assisted delivery and weighed 4000 g (8 lb 8 oz). Pregnancy was complicated by gestational diabetes mel... | Intravenous immunoglobulin | Increase frequency of breast feeds | MRI of the brain | Phototherapy | 3 | |
train-00988 | A 34-year-old woman is recovering in the post-operative unit following a laparoscopic procedure for chronic endometriosis. She had initially presented with complaints of painful menstrual cramps that kept her bedridden most of the day. She also mentioned to her gynecologist that she had been diagnosed with endometriosi... | Loss of fluids during the procedure | Bleeding profusely through the surgical site | Improper supplementation of steroids | High doses of anesthetic drugs | 2 | |
train-00989 | A 23-year-old female presents to the emergency department with right lower abdominal pain that began suddenly one hour ago. She is writhing in discomfort and has vomited twice since arrival. She has no chronic medical conditions, but states she has had chlamydia two or three times in the past. Her abdomen is firm, and ... | Transabdominal ultrasound. | Dilation and curettage | Transvaginal ultrasound | Methotrexate and discharge with strict follow-up instructions. | 2 | |
train-00990 | A 47-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 1-month history of progressive weakness. She has had increased difficulty climbing stairs and standing from a seated position. She takes no medications. Neurologic examination shows weakness of the proximal muscles. Skin examination shows diffuse erythema of the u... | Centromeres | La protein | Scl-70 protein | Mi-2 protein | 3 | |
train-00991 | A 78-year-old man presents to the emergency department because of confusion that started 2 hours ago. The patient’s daughter says that he has had blurred vision for several days. His right leg became weak 10 days ago, and he couldn’t walk for a few days before recovering. He was diagnosed with monoclonal gammopathy of ... | Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma | Multiple myeloma | Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia | 3 | |
train-00992 | A 17-year-old girl is being evaluated for primary amenorrhea. A pelvic ultrasound shows no uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries, despite having normal external sexual organs. On physical examination, there is no axillary or pubic hair, and breast development is normal. The laboratory tests show evidence of increased ser... | 46, XX | 47, XXX | 47, XXY | 46, XY | 3 | |
train-00993 | A 41-year-old male with a history of pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is found to have multiple ring-enhancing lesions on brain CT. Which of the following is most likely responsible for this patient's abnormal scan? | Neoplasm | Bacteria | Virus | Protozoa | 3 | |
train-00994 | A 13-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with severe abdominal pain. His parents state that he has been complaining of abdominal pain that became increasingly severe this evening. They also state he has been eating much more lately yet still has been losing weight. The patient's past medical history is un... | A | B | C | E | 2 | |
train-00995 | A 51-year-old man is bitten by a cottonmouth viper and is successfully treated with sheep hyperimmune Fab antivenom. Three days later, the patient develops an abdominal itchy rash and re-presents to the emergency department for medical care. His medical history is significant for gout, hypertension, hypercholesterolemi... | Glucocorticoid taper with antihistamines | Antihistamines | NSAIDs | Plasmapheresis | 0 | |
train-00996 | A 47-year-old man presents to the clinic for an evaluation of intense itching of his right thigh region for the past few days. He states some ‘red bumps’ just began to form. The patient mentions that he was recently at a business conference in Miami. He has a past medical history of hypertension, diabetes type 2, and h... | Cutaneous larva migrans | Bed bug bite | Spider bite | Flea bite | 1 | |
train-00997 | A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care doctor with a lesion on her labia. She first noticed the lesion 2 days ago. It is not painful. She denies vaginal discharge or dysuria. She has no past medical history and takes no medications. She has had 4 sexual partners in the past 8 months and uses the pull-out meth... | Gram-negative coccobacillus with a "school of fish" appearance | Gram-negative diplococci | Motile and helical-shaped bacteria | Vaginal epithelial cells covered with bacteria | 2 | |
train-00998 | A 70-year-old man presents with fever, headache, and vomiting. He says that symptoms onset acutely 2 days ago and have not improved. He also reports associated weakness and chills. Past medical history is significant for occasional heartburn. His temperature is 39.4°C (103.0°F), the pulse rate is 124/min, the blood pre... | Ampicillin | Ceftriaxone | Chloramphenicol | Vancomycin | 0 | |
train-00999 | A 15-year-old girl presents to her primary care physician, accompanied by her mother, for 4 days of abdominal pain. She describes the pain as diffuse, dull, and constant. She also endorses constipation over this time. The patient's mother says the patient has become increasingly self-conscious of her appearance since s... | Hypocalcemia | Hypokalemia | Hypercalcemia | Hyperkalemia | 1 |
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