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  1. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/ide-integration/index.rst.txt +161 -0
  2. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/importing-exporting/index.rst.txt +772 -0
  3. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/A Basic Starting Point.rst.txt +460 -0
  4. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Export Configuration.rst.txt +140 -0
  5. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Generator Expressions.rst.txt +168 -0
  6. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Support for a Testing Dashboard.rst.txt +110 -0
  7. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding System Introspection.rst.txt +163 -0
  8. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Usage Requirements for a Library.rst.txt +323 -0
  9. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding a Custom Command and Generated File.rst.txt +103 -0
  10. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding a Library.rst.txt +455 -0
  11. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Installing and Testing.rst.txt +311 -0
  12. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Packaging Debug and Release.rst.txt +86 -0
  13. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Packaging an Installer.rst.txt +62 -0
  14. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Selecting Static or Shared Libraries.rst.txt +50 -0
  15. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/index.rst.txt +44 -0
  16. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/user-interaction/index.rst.txt +772 -0
  17. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/using-dependencies/index.rst.txt +419 -0
  18. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/ADVANCED.rst.txt +8 -0
  19. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/HELPSTRING.rst.txt +7 -0
  20. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/MODIFIED.rst.txt +7 -0
  21. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/STRINGS.rst.txt +9 -0
  22. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/TYPE.rst.txt +21 -0
  23. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/VALUE.rst.txt +7 -0
  24. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ALLOW_DUPLICATE_CUSTOM_TARGETS.rst.txt +21 -0
  25. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt +18 -0
  26. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOGEN_TARGETS_FOLDER.rst.txt +9 -0
  27. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOMOC_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt +9 -0
  28. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOMOC_TARGETS_FOLDER.rst.txt +11 -0
  29. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTORCC_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt +9 -0
  30. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOUIC_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt +9 -0
  31. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_CUDA_KNOWN_FEATURES.rst.txt +44 -0
  32. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_CXX_KNOWN_FEATURES.rst.txt +367 -0
  33. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_C_KNOWN_FEATURES.rst.txt +57 -0
  34. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_ROLE.rst.txt +22 -0
  35. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS.rst.txt +13 -0
  36. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/DISABLED_FEATURES.rst.txt +11 -0
  37. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ECLIPSE_EXTRA_CPROJECT_CONTENTS.rst.txt +14 -0
  38. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ECLIPSE_EXTRA_NATURES.rst.txt +10 -0
  39. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ENABLED_FEATURES.rst.txt +11 -0
  40. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ENABLED_LANGUAGES.rst.txt +6 -0
  41. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB32_PATHS.rst.txt +14 -0
  42. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB64_PATHS.rst.txt +12 -0
  43. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIBX32_PATHS.rst.txt +14 -0
  44. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_OPENBSD_VERSIONING.rst.txt +10 -0
  45. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG.rst.txt +15 -0
  46. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/GLOBAL_DEPENDS_DEBUG_MODE.rst.txt +8 -0
  47. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/GLOBAL_DEPENDS_NO_CYCLES.rst.txt +10 -0
  48. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/IN_TRY_COMPILE.rst.txt +7 -0
  49. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/JOB_POOLS.rst.txt +31 -0
  50. toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/PACKAGES_FOUND.rst.txt +7 -0
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/ide-integration/index.rst.txt ADDED
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1
+ IDE Integration Guide
2
+ *********************
3
+
4
+ .. only:: html
5
+
6
+ .. contents::
7
+
8
+ Introduction
9
+ ============
10
+
11
+ Integrated development environments (IDEs) may want to integrate with CMake to
12
+ improve the development experience for CMake users. This document lays out the
13
+ recommended best practices for such integration.
14
+
15
+ Bundling
16
+ ========
17
+
18
+ Many IDE vendors will want to bundle a copy of CMake with their IDE. IDEs that
19
+ bundle CMake should present the user with the option of using an external CMake
20
+ installation instead of the bundled one, in case the bundled copy becomes
21
+ outdated and the user wants to use a newer version.
22
+
23
+ While IDE vendors may be tempted to bundle different versions of CMake with
24
+ their application, such practice is not recommended. CMake has strong
25
+ guarantees of backwards compatibility, and there is no reason not to use a
26
+ newer version of CMake than what a project requires, or indeed, the very latest
27
+ version. Therefore, it is recommended that IDE vendors that bundle CMake with
28
+ their application always include the very latest patch version of CMake
29
+ available at the time of release.
30
+
31
+ As a suggestion, IDEs may also ship a copy of the Ninja buildsystem alongside
32
+ CMake. Ninja is highly performant and well-supported on all platforms that
33
+ support CMake. IDEs that bundle Ninja should use Ninja 1.10 or later, which
34
+ contains features needed to support Fortran builds.
35
+
36
+ Presets
37
+ =======
38
+
39
+ CMake supports a file format called ``CMakePresets.json``, and its
40
+ user-specific counterpart, ``CMakeUserPresets.json``. This file contains
41
+ information on the various configure presets that a user may want. Each preset
42
+ may have a different compiler, build flags, etc. The details of this format are
43
+ explained in the :manual:`cmake(1)` manual.
44
+
45
+ IDE vendors are encouraged to read and evaluate this file the same way CMake
46
+ does, and present the user with the presets listed in the file. Users should be
47
+ able to see (and possibly edit) the CMake cache variables, environment
48
+ variables, and command line options that are defined for a given preset. The
49
+ IDE should then construct the list of appropriate :manual:`cmake(1)` command
50
+ line arguments based on these settings, rather than using the
51
+ :option:`--preset= <cmake --preset>` option directly. The
52
+ :option:`--preset= <cmake --preset>` option is intended only as a convenient
53
+ frontend for command line users, and should not be used by the IDE.
54
+
55
+ For example, if a preset named ``ninja`` specifies ``Ninja`` as the generator
56
+ and ``${sourceDir}/build`` as the build directory, instead of running:
57
+
58
+ .. code-block:: console
59
+
60
+ cmake -S /path/to/source --preset=ninja
61
+
62
+ the IDE should instead calculate the settings of the ``ninja`` preset, and then
63
+ run:
64
+
65
+ .. code-block:: console
66
+
67
+ cmake -S /path/to/source -B /path/to/source/build -G Ninja
68
+
69
+ In cases where a preset contains lots of cache variables, and passing all of
70
+ them as :option:`-D <cmake -D>` flags would cause the command line length limit
71
+ of the platform to be exceeded, the IDE should instead construct a temporary
72
+ cache script and pass it with the :option:`-C <cmake -C>` flag.
73
+
74
+ While reading, parsing, and evaluating the contents of ``CMakePresets.json`` is
75
+ straightforward, it is not trivial. In addition to the documentation, IDE
76
+ vendors may also wish to refer to the CMake source code and test cases for a
77
+ better understanding of how to implement the format.
78
+ :download:`This file <../../manual/presets/schema.json>` provides a
79
+ machine-readable JSON schema for the ``CMakePresets.json`` format that IDE
80
+ vendors may find useful for validation and providing editing assistance.
81
+
82
+ Configuring
83
+ ===========
84
+
85
+ IDEs that invoke :manual:`cmake(1)` to run the configure step may wish to
86
+ receive information about the artifacts that the build will produce, as well
87
+ as the include directories, compile definitions, etc. used to build the
88
+ artifacts. Such information can be obtained by using the
89
+ :manual:`File API <cmake-file-api(7)>`. The manual page for the File API
90
+ contains more information about the API and how to invoke it.
91
+ :manual:`Server mode <cmake-server(7)>` was removed as of CMake 3.20 and
92
+ should not be used on CMake 3.14 or later.
93
+
94
+ IDEs should avoid creating more build trees than necessary, and only create
95
+ multiple build trees if the user wishes to switch to a different compiler,
96
+ use different compile flags, etc. In particular, IDEs should NOT create
97
+ multiple single-config build trees which all have the same properties except
98
+ for a differing :variable:`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE`, effectively creating a
99
+ multi-config environment. Instead, the :generator:`Ninja Multi-Config`
100
+ generator, in conjunction with the :manual:`File API <cmake-file-api(7)>` to
101
+ get the list of build configurations, should be used for this purpose.
102
+
103
+ IDEs should not use the "extra generators" with Makefile or Ninja generators,
104
+ which generate IDE project files in addition to the Makefile or Ninja files.
105
+ Instead the :manual:`File API <cmake-file-api(7)>` should be used to get the
106
+ list of build artifacts.
107
+
108
+ Building
109
+ ========
110
+
111
+ If a Makefile or Ninja generator is used to generate the build tree, it is not
112
+ recommended to invoke ``make`` or ``ninja`` directly. Instead, it is
113
+ recommended that the IDE invoke :manual:`cmake(1)` with the
114
+ :option:`--build <cmake --build>` argument, which will in turn invoke the
115
+ appropriate build tool.
116
+
117
+ If an IDE project generator is used, such as :generator:`Xcode` or one of the
118
+ Visual Studio generators, and the IDE understands the project format used, the
119
+ IDE should read the project file and build it the same way it would otherwise.
120
+
121
+ The :manual:`File API <cmake-file-api(7)>` can be used to obtain a list of
122
+ build configurations from the build tree, and the IDE should present this list
123
+ to the user to select a build configuration.
124
+
125
+ Testing
126
+ =======
127
+
128
+ :manual:`ctest(1)` supports outputting a JSON format with information about the
129
+ available tests and test configurations. IDEs which want to run CTest should
130
+ obtain this information and use it to present the user with a list of tests.
131
+
132
+ IDEs should not invoke the ``test`` target of the generated buildsystem.
133
+ Instead, they should invoke :manual:`ctest(1)` directly.
134
+
135
+ IDEs with CMake integration
136
+ ===========================
137
+
138
+ The following IDEs support CMake natively:
139
+
140
+ * `CLion`_
141
+ * `KDevelop`_
142
+ * `QtCreator`_
143
+ * `Vim`_ (via a plugin)
144
+ * `Visual Studio`_
145
+ * `VSCode`_ (via a plugin)
146
+
147
+ .. _CLion: https://www.jetbrains.com/clion/
148
+ .. _KDevelop: https://kdevelop.org/
149
+ .. _QtCreator: https://www.qt.io/product/development-tools
150
+ .. _Vim: https://www.vim.org/
151
+ .. _Visual Studio: https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/
152
+ .. _VSCode: https://code.visualstudio.com/
153
+
154
+ Additionally, CMake has builtin support for some IDEs:
155
+
156
+ * :ref:`IDE Build Tool Generators`:
157
+ Generate IDE native build systems such as Visual Studio or Xcode.
158
+ * :ref:`Extra Generators`:
159
+ Extend :ref:`Command-Line Build Tool Generators` to generate IDE
160
+ project files that hook into the command-line build system.
161
+ Superseded by the :manual:`File API <cmake-file-api(7)>`.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/importing-exporting/index.rst.txt ADDED
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1
+ Importing and Exporting Guide
2
+ *****************************
3
+
4
+ .. only:: html
5
+
6
+ .. contents::
7
+
8
+ Introduction
9
+ ============
10
+
11
+ In this guide, we will present the concept of :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets
12
+ and demonstrate how to import existing executable or library files from disk
13
+ into a CMake project. We will then show how CMake supports exporting targets
14
+ from one CMake-based project and importing them into another. Finally, we
15
+ will demonstrate how to package a project with a configuration file to allow
16
+ for easy integration into other CMake projects. This guide and the complete
17
+ example source code can be found in the ``Help/guide/importing-exporting``
18
+ directory of the CMake source code tree.
19
+
20
+
21
+ Importing Targets
22
+ =================
23
+
24
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets are used to convert files outside of a CMake
25
+ project into logical targets inside of the project. :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED`
26
+ targets are created using the ``IMPORTED`` option of the
27
+ :command:`add_executable` and :command:`add_library` commands. No build
28
+ files are generated for :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets. Once imported,
29
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets may be referenced like any other target within
30
+ the project and provide a convenient, flexible reference to outside
31
+ executables and libraries.
32
+
33
+ By default, the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` target name has scope in the directory in
34
+ which it is created and below. We can use the ``GLOBAL`` option to extended
35
+ visibility so that the target is accessible globally in the build system.
36
+
37
+ Details about the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` target are specified by setting
38
+ properties whose names begin in ``IMPORTED_`` and ``INTERFACE_``. For example,
39
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED_LOCATION` contains the full path to the target on
40
+ disk.
41
+
42
+ Importing Executables
43
+ ---------------------
44
+
45
+ To start, we will walk through a simple example that creates an
46
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` executable target and then references it from the
47
+ :command:`add_custom_command` command.
48
+
49
+ We'll need to do some setup to get started. We want to create an executable
50
+ that when run creates a basic ``main.cc`` file in the current directory. The
51
+ details of this project are not important. Navigate to
52
+ ``Help/guide/importing-exporting/MyExe``, create a build directory, run
53
+ :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` and build and install the project.
54
+
55
+ .. code-block:: console
56
+
57
+ $ cd Help/guide/importing-exporting/MyExe
58
+ $ mkdir build
59
+ $ cd build
60
+ $ cmake ..
61
+ $ cmake --build .
62
+ $ cmake --install . --prefix <install location>
63
+ $ <install location>/myexe
64
+ $ ls
65
+ [...] main.cc [...]
66
+
67
+ Now we can import this executable into another CMake project. The source code
68
+ for this section is available in ``Help/guide/importing-exporting/Importing``.
69
+ In the CMakeLists file, use the :command:`add_executable` command to create a
70
+ new target called ``myexe``. Use the ``IMPORTED`` option to tell CMake that
71
+ this target references an executable file located outside of the project. No
72
+ rules will be generated to build it and the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` target
73
+ property will be set to ``true``.
74
+
75
+ .. literalinclude:: Importing/CMakeLists.txt
76
+ :language: cmake
77
+ :start-after: # Add executable
78
+ :end-before: # Set imported location
79
+
80
+ Next, set the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED_LOCATION` property of the target using
81
+ the :command:`set_property` command. This will tell CMake the location of the
82
+ target on disk. The location may need to be adjusted to the
83
+ ``<install location>`` specified in the previous step.
84
+
85
+ .. literalinclude:: Importing/CMakeLists.txt
86
+ :language: cmake
87
+ :start-after: # Set imported location
88
+ :end-before: # Add custom command
89
+
90
+ We can now reference this :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` target just like any target
91
+ built within the project. In this instance, let's imagine that we want to use
92
+ the generated source file in our project. Use the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED`
93
+ target in the :command:`add_custom_command` command:
94
+
95
+ .. literalinclude:: Importing/CMakeLists.txt
96
+ :language: cmake
97
+ :start-after: # Add custom command
98
+ :end-before: # Use source file
99
+
100
+ As ``COMMAND`` specifies an executable target name, it will automatically be
101
+ replaced by the location of the executable given by the
102
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED_LOCATION` property above.
103
+
104
+ Finally, use the output from :command:`add_custom_command`:
105
+
106
+ .. literalinclude:: Importing/CMakeLists.txt
107
+ :language: cmake
108
+ :start-after: # Use source file
109
+
110
+ Importing Libraries
111
+ -------------------
112
+
113
+ In a similar manner, libraries from other projects may be accessed through
114
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets.
115
+
116
+ Note: The full source code for the examples in this section is not provided
117
+ and is left as an exercise for the reader.
118
+
119
+ In the CMakeLists file, add an :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` library and specify its
120
+ location on disk:
121
+
122
+ .. code-block:: cmake
123
+
124
+ add_library(foo STATIC IMPORTED)
125
+ set_property(TARGET foo PROPERTY
126
+ IMPORTED_LOCATION "/path/to/libfoo.a")
127
+
128
+ Then use the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` library inside of our project:
129
+
130
+ .. code-block:: cmake
131
+
132
+ add_executable(myexe src1.c src2.c)
133
+ target_link_libraries(myexe PRIVATE foo)
134
+
135
+
136
+ On Windows, a .dll and its .lib import library may be imported together:
137
+
138
+ .. code-block:: cmake
139
+
140
+ add_library(bar SHARED IMPORTED)
141
+ set_property(TARGET bar PROPERTY
142
+ IMPORTED_LOCATION "c:/path/to/bar.dll")
143
+ set_property(TARGET bar PROPERTY
144
+ IMPORTED_IMPLIB "c:/path/to/bar.lib")
145
+ add_executable(myexe src1.c src2.c)
146
+ target_link_libraries(myexe PRIVATE bar)
147
+
148
+ A library with multiple configurations may be imported with a single target:
149
+
150
+ .. code-block:: cmake
151
+
152
+ find_library(math_REL NAMES m)
153
+ find_library(math_DBG NAMES md)
154
+ add_library(math STATIC IMPORTED GLOBAL)
155
+ set_target_properties(math PROPERTIES
156
+ IMPORTED_LOCATION "${math_REL}"
157
+ IMPORTED_LOCATION_DEBUG "${math_DBG}"
158
+ IMPORTED_CONFIGURATIONS "RELEASE;DEBUG"
159
+ )
160
+ add_executable(myexe src1.c src2.c)
161
+ target_link_libraries(myexe PRIVATE math)
162
+
163
+ The generated build system will link ``myexe`` to ``m.lib`` when built in the
164
+ release configuration, and ``md.lib`` when built in the debug configuration.
165
+
166
+ Exporting Targets
167
+ =================
168
+
169
+ While :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets on their own are useful, they still
170
+ require that the project that imports them knows the locations of the target
171
+ files on disk. The real power of :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets is when the
172
+ project providing the target files also provides a CMake file to help import
173
+ them. A project can be setup to produce the necessary information so that it
174
+ can easily be used by other CMake projects be it from a build directory, a
175
+ local install or when packaged.
176
+
177
+ In the remaining sections, we will walk through a set of example projects
178
+ step-by-step. The first project will create and install a library and
179
+ corresponding CMake configuration and package files. The second project will
180
+ use the generated package.
181
+
182
+ Let's start by looking at the ``MathFunctions`` project in the
183
+ ``Help/guide/importing-exporting/MathFunctions`` directory. Here we have a
184
+ header file ``MathFunctions.h`` that declares a ``sqrt`` function:
185
+
186
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h
187
+ :language: c++
188
+
189
+ And a corresponding source file ``MathFunctions.cxx``:
190
+
191
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx
192
+ :language: c++
193
+
194
+ Don't worry too much about the specifics of the C++ files, they are just meant
195
+ to be a simple example that will compile and run on many build systems.
196
+
197
+ Now we can create a ``CMakeLists.txt`` file for the ``MathFunctions``
198
+ project. Start by specifying the :command:`cmake_minimum_required` version and
199
+ :command:`project` name:
200
+
201
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
202
+ :language: cmake
203
+ :end-before: # create library
204
+
205
+ The :module:`GNUInstallDirs` module is included in order to provide the
206
+ project with the flexibility to install into different platform layouts by
207
+ making the directories available as cache variables.
208
+
209
+ Create a library called ``MathFunctions`` with the :command:`add_library`
210
+ command:
211
+
212
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
213
+ :language: cmake
214
+ :start-after: # create library
215
+ :end-before: # add include directories
216
+
217
+ And then use the :command:`target_include_directories` command to specify the
218
+ include directories for the target:
219
+
220
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
221
+ :language: cmake
222
+ :start-after: # add include directories
223
+ :end-before: # install the target and create export-set
224
+
225
+ We need to tell CMake that we want to use different include directories
226
+ depending on if we're building the library or using it from an installed
227
+ location. If we don't do this, when CMake creates the export information it
228
+ will export a path that is specific to the current build directory
229
+ and will not be valid for other projects. We can use
230
+ :manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>` to specify
231
+ that if we're building the library include the current source directory.
232
+ Otherwise, when installed, include the ``include`` directory. See the `Creating
233
+ Relocatable Packages`_ section for more details.
234
+
235
+ The :command:`install(TARGETS)` and :command:`install(EXPORT)` commands
236
+ work together to install both targets (a library in our case) and a CMake
237
+ file designed to make it easy to import the targets into another CMake project.
238
+
239
+ First, in the :command:`install(TARGETS)` command we will specify the target,
240
+ the ``EXPORT`` name and the destinations that tell CMake where to install the
241
+ targets.
242
+
243
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
244
+ :language: cmake
245
+ :start-after: # install the target and create export-set
246
+ :end-before: # install header file
247
+
248
+ Here, the ``EXPORT`` option tells CMake to create an export called
249
+ ``MathFunctionsTargets``. The generated :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets have
250
+ appropriate properties set to define their
251
+ :ref:`usage requirements <Target Usage Requirements>`, such as
252
+ :prop_tgt:`INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES`,
253
+ :prop_tgt:`INTERFACE_COMPILE_DEFINITIONS` and other relevant built-in
254
+ ``INTERFACE_`` properties. The ``INTERFACE`` variant of user-defined
255
+ properties listed in :prop_tgt:`COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_STRING` and other
256
+ :ref:`Compatible Interface Properties` are also propagated to the
257
+ generated :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets. For example, in this case, the
258
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` target will have its
259
+ :prop_tgt:`INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` property populated with
260
+ the directory specified by the ``INCLUDES DESTINATION`` property. As a
261
+ relative path was given, it is treated as relative to the
262
+ :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`.
263
+
264
+ Note, we have *not* asked CMake to install the export yet.
265
+
266
+ We don't want to forget to install the ``MathFunctions.h`` header file with the
267
+ :command:`install(FILES)` command. The header file should be installed to the
268
+ ``include`` directory, as specified by the
269
+ :command:`target_include_directories` command above.
270
+
271
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
272
+ :language: cmake
273
+ :start-after: # install header file
274
+ :end-before: # generate and install export file
275
+
276
+ Now that the ``MathFunctions`` library and header file are installed, we also
277
+ need to explicitly install the ``MathFunctionsTargets`` export details. Use
278
+ the :command:`install(EXPORT)` command to export the targets in
279
+ ``MathFunctionsTargets``, as defined by the :command:`install(TARGETS)`
280
+ command.
281
+
282
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
283
+ :language: cmake
284
+ :start-after: # generate and install export file
285
+ :end-before: # include CMakePackageConfigHelpers macro
286
+
287
+ This command generates the ``MathFunctionsTargets.cmake`` file and arranges
288
+ to install it to ``${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/MathFunctions``. The file
289
+ contains code suitable for use by downstreams to import all targets listed in
290
+ the install command from the installation tree.
291
+
292
+ The ``NAMESPACE`` option will prepend ``MathFunctions::`` to the target names
293
+ as they are written to the export file. This convention of double-colons
294
+ gives CMake a hint that the name is an :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` target when it
295
+ is used by downstream projects. This way, CMake can issue a diagnostic
296
+ message if the package providing it was not found.
297
+
298
+ The generated export file contains code that creates an :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` library.
299
+
300
+ .. code-block:: cmake
301
+
302
+ # Create imported target MathFunctions::MathFunctions
303
+ add_library(MathFunctions::MathFunctions STATIC IMPORTED)
304
+
305
+ set_target_properties(MathFunctions::MathFunctions PROPERTIES
306
+ INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES "${_IMPORT_PREFIX}/include"
307
+ )
308
+
309
+ This code is very similar to the example we created by hand in the
310
+ `Importing Libraries`_ section. Note that ``${_IMPORT_PREFIX}`` is computed
311
+ relative to the file location.
312
+
313
+ An outside project may load this file with the :command:`include` command and
314
+ reference the ``MathFunctions`` library from the installation tree as if it
315
+ were built in its own tree. For example:
316
+
317
+ .. code-block:: cmake
318
+ :linenos:
319
+
320
+ include(GNUInstallDirs)
321
+ include(${INSTALL_PREFIX}/${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/MathFunctions/MathFunctionTargets.cmake)
322
+ add_executable(myexe src1.c src2.c )
323
+ target_link_libraries(myexe PRIVATE MathFunctions::MathFunctions)
324
+
325
+ Line 2 loads the target CMake file. Although we only exported a single
326
+ target, this file may import any number of targets. Their locations are
327
+ computed relative to the file location so that the install tree may be
328
+ easily moved. Line 4 references the imported ``MathFunctions`` library. The
329
+ resulting build system will link to the library from its installed location.
330
+
331
+ Executables may also be exported and imported using the same process.
332
+
333
+ Any number of target installations may be associated with the same
334
+ export name. Export names are considered global so any directory may
335
+ contribute a target installation. The :command:`install(EXPORT)` command only
336
+ needs to be called once to install a file that references all targets. Below
337
+ is an example of how multiple exports may be combined into a single
338
+ export file, even if they are in different subdirectories of the project.
339
+
340
+ .. code-block:: cmake
341
+
342
+ # A/CMakeLists.txt
343
+ add_executable(myexe src1.c)
344
+ install(TARGETS myexe DESTINATION lib/myproj
345
+ EXPORT myproj-targets)
346
+
347
+ # B/CMakeLists.txt
348
+ add_library(foo STATIC foo1.c)
349
+ install(TARGETS foo DESTINATION lib EXPORTS myproj-targets)
350
+
351
+ # Top CMakeLists.txt
352
+ add_subdirectory (A)
353
+ add_subdirectory (B)
354
+ install(EXPORT myproj-targets DESTINATION lib/myproj)
355
+
356
+ Creating Packages
357
+ -----------------
358
+
359
+ At this point, the ``MathFunctions`` project is exporting the target
360
+ information required to be used by other projects. We can make this project
361
+ even easier for other projects to use by generating a configuration file so
362
+ that the CMake :command:`find_package` command can find our project.
363
+
364
+ To start, we will need to make a few additions to the ``CMakeLists.txt``
365
+ file. First, include the :module:`CMakePackageConfigHelpers` module to get
366
+ access to some helper functions for creating config files.
367
+
368
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
369
+ :language: cmake
370
+ :start-after: # include CMakePackageConfigHelpers macro
371
+ :end-before: # set version
372
+
373
+ Then we will create a package configuration file and a package version file.
374
+
375
+ Creating a Package Configuration File
376
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
377
+
378
+ Use the :command:`configure_package_config_file` command provided by the
379
+ :module:`CMakePackageConfigHelpers` to generate the package configuration
380
+ file. Note that this command should be used instead of the plain
381
+ :command:`configure_file` command. It helps to ensure that the resulting
382
+ package is relocatable by avoiding hardcoded paths in the installed
383
+ configuration file. The path given to ``INSTALL_DESTINATION`` must be the
384
+ destination where the ``MathFunctionsConfig.cmake`` file will be installed.
385
+ We will examine the contents of the package configuration file in the next
386
+ section.
387
+
388
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
389
+ :language: cmake
390
+ :start-after: # create config file
391
+ :end-before: # install config files
392
+
393
+ Install the generated configuration files with the :command:`INSTALL(files)`
394
+ command. Both ``MathFunctionsConfigVersion.cmake`` and
395
+ ``MathFunctionsConfig.cmake`` are installed to the same location, completing
396
+ the package.
397
+
398
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
399
+ :language: cmake
400
+ :start-after: # install config files
401
+ :end-before: # generate the export targets for the build tree
402
+
403
+ Now we need to create the package configuration file itself. In this case, the
404
+ ``Config.cmake.in`` file is very simple but sufficient to allow downstreams
405
+ to use the :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED` targets.
406
+
407
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/Config.cmake.in
408
+
409
+ The first line of the file contains only the string ``@PACKAGE_INIT@``. This
410
+ expands when the file is configured and allows the use of relocatable paths
411
+ prefixed with ``PACKAGE_``. It also provides the ``set_and_check()`` and
412
+ ``check_required_components()`` macros.
413
+
414
+ The ``check_required_components`` helper macro ensures that all requested,
415
+ non-optional components have been found by checking the
416
+ ``<Package>_<Component>_FOUND`` variables for all required components. This
417
+ macro should be called at the end of the package configuration file even if the
418
+ package does not have any components. This way, CMake can make sure that the
419
+ downstream project hasn't specified any non-existent components. If
420
+ ``check_required_components`` fails, the ``<Package>_FOUND`` variable is set to
421
+ FALSE, and the package is considered to be not found.
422
+
423
+ The ``set_and_check()`` macro should be used in configuration files instead
424
+ of the normal ``set()`` command for setting directories and file locations.
425
+ If a referenced file or directory does not exist, the macro will fail.
426
+
427
+ If any macros should be provided by the ``MathFunctions`` package, they should
428
+ be in a separate file which is installed to the same location as the
429
+ ``MathFunctionsConfig.cmake`` file, and included from there.
430
+
431
+ **All required dependencies of a package must also be found in the package
432
+ configuration file.** Let's imagine that we require the ``Stats`` library in
433
+ our project. In the CMakeLists file, we would add:
434
+
435
+ .. code-block:: cmake
436
+
437
+ find_package(Stats 2.6.4 REQUIRED)
438
+ target_link_libraries(MathFunctions PUBLIC Stats::Types)
439
+
440
+ As the ``Stats::Types`` target is a ``PUBLIC`` dependency of ``MathFunctions``,
441
+ downstreams must also find the ``Stats`` package and link to the
442
+ ``Stats::Types`` library. The ``Stats`` package should be found in the
443
+ configuration file to ensure this.
444
+
445
+ .. code-block:: cmake
446
+
447
+ include(CMakeFindDependencyMacro)
448
+ find_dependency(Stats 2.6.4)
449
+
450
+ The ``find_dependency`` macro from the :module:`CMakeFindDependencyMacro`
451
+ module helps by propagating whether the package is ``REQUIRED``, or
452
+ ``QUIET``, etc. The ``find_dependency`` macro also sets
453
+ ``MathFunctions_FOUND`` to ``False`` if the dependency is not found, along
454
+ with a diagnostic that the ``MathFunctions`` package cannot be used without
455
+ the ``Stats`` package.
456
+
457
+ **Exercise:** Add a required library to the ``MathFunctions`` project.
458
+
459
+ Creating a Package Version File
460
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
461
+
462
+ The :module:`CMakePackageConfigHelpers` module provides the
463
+ :command:`write_basic_package_version_file` command for creating a simple
464
+ package version file. This file is read by CMake when :command:`find_package`
465
+ is called to determine the compatibility with the requested version, and to set
466
+ some version-specific variables such as ``<PackageName>_VERSION``,
467
+ ``<PackageName>_VERSION_MAJOR``, ``<PackageName>_VERSION_MINOR``, etc. See
468
+ :manual:`cmake-packages <cmake-packages(7)>` documentation for more details.
469
+
470
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
471
+ :language: cmake
472
+ :start-after: # set version
473
+ :end-before: # create config file
474
+
475
+ In our example, ``MathFunctions_MAJOR_VERSION`` is defined as a
476
+ :prop_tgt:`COMPATIBLE_INTERFACE_STRING` which means that it must be
477
+ compatible among the dependencies of any depender. By setting this
478
+ custom defined user property in this version and in the next version of
479
+ ``MathFunctions``, :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` will issue a diagnostic if
480
+ there is an attempt to use version 3 together with version 4. Packages can
481
+ choose to employ such a pattern if different major versions of the package
482
+ are designed to be incompatible.
483
+
484
+
485
+ Exporting Targets from the Build Tree
486
+ -------------------------------------
487
+
488
+ Typically, projects are built and installed before being used by an outside
489
+ project. However, in some cases, it is desirable to export targets directly
490
+ from a build tree. The targets may then be used by an outside project that
491
+ references the build tree with no installation involved. The :command:`export`
492
+ command is used to generate a file exporting targets from a project build tree.
493
+
494
+ If we want our example project to also be used from a build directory we only
495
+ have to add the following to ``CMakeLists.txt``:
496
+
497
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
498
+ :language: cmake
499
+ :start-after: # generate the export targets for the build tree
500
+
501
+ Here we use the :command:`export` command to generate the export targets for
502
+ the build tree. In this case, we'll create a file called
503
+ ``MathFunctionsTargets.cmake`` in the ``cmake`` subdirectory of the build
504
+ directory. The generated file contains the required code to import the target
505
+ and may be loaded by an outside project that is aware of the project build
506
+ tree. This file is specific to the build-tree, and **is not relocatable**.
507
+
508
+ It is possible to create a suitable package configuration file and package
509
+ version file to define a package for the build tree which may be used without
510
+ installation. Consumers of the build tree can simply ensure that the
511
+ :variable:`CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` contains the build directory, or set the
512
+ ``MathFunctions_DIR`` to ``<build_dir>/MathFunctions`` in the cache.
513
+
514
+ An example application of this feature is for building an executable on a host
515
+ platform when cross-compiling. The project containing the executable may be
516
+ built on the host platform and then the project that is being cross-compiled
517
+ for another platform may load it.
518
+
519
+ Building and Installing a Package
520
+ ---------------------------------
521
+
522
+ At this point, we have generated a relocatable CMake configuration for our
523
+ project that can be used after the project has been installed. Let's try to
524
+ build the ``MathFunctions`` project:
525
+
526
+ .. code-block:: console
527
+
528
+ mkdir MathFunctions_build
529
+ cd MathFunctions_build
530
+ cmake ../MathFunctions
531
+ cmake --build .
532
+
533
+ In the build directory, notice that the file ``MathFunctionsTargets.cmake``
534
+ has been created in the ``cmake`` subdirectory.
535
+
536
+ Now install the project:
537
+
538
+ .. code-block:: console
539
+
540
+ $ cmake --install . --prefix "/home/myuser/installdir"
541
+
542
+ Creating Relocatable Packages
543
+ =============================
544
+
545
+ Packages created by :command:`install(EXPORT)` are designed to be relocatable,
546
+ using paths relative to the location of the package itself. They must not
547
+ reference absolute paths of files on the machine where the package is built
548
+ that will not exist on the machines where the package may be installed.
549
+
550
+ When defining the interface of a target for ``EXPORT``, keep in mind that the
551
+ include directories should be specified as relative paths to the
552
+ :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` but should not explicitly include the
553
+ :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`:
554
+
555
+ .. code-block:: cmake
556
+
557
+ target_include_directories(tgt INTERFACE
558
+ # Wrong, not relocatable:
559
+ $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include/TgtName>
560
+ )
561
+
562
+ target_include_directories(tgt INTERFACE
563
+ # Ok, relocatable:
564
+ $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:include/TgtName>
565
+ )
566
+
567
+ The :genex:`$<INSTALL_PREFIX>` generator expression may be used as
568
+ a placeholder for the install prefix without resulting in a non-relocatable
569
+ package. This is necessary if complex generator expressions are used:
570
+
571
+ .. code-block:: cmake
572
+
573
+ target_include_directories(tgt INTERFACE
574
+ # Ok, relocatable:
575
+ $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:$<INSTALL_PREFIX>/include/TgtName>
576
+ )
577
+
578
+ This also applies to paths referencing external dependencies.
579
+ It is not advisable to populate any properties which may contain
580
+ paths, such as :prop_tgt:`INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` or
581
+ :prop_tgt:`INTERFACE_LINK_LIBRARIES`, with paths relevant to dependencies.
582
+ For example, this code may not work well for a relocatable package:
583
+
584
+ .. code-block:: cmake
585
+
586
+ target_link_libraries(MathFunctions INTERFACE
587
+ ${Foo_LIBRARIES} ${Bar_LIBRARIES}
588
+ )
589
+ target_include_directories(MathFunctions INTERFACE
590
+ "$<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${Foo_INCLUDE_DIRS};${Bar_INCLUDE_DIRS}>"
591
+ )
592
+
593
+ The referenced variables may contain the absolute paths to libraries
594
+ and include directories **as found on the machine the package was made on**.
595
+ This would create a package with hard-coded paths to dependencies not
596
+ suitable for relocation.
597
+
598
+ Ideally such dependencies should be used through their own
599
+ :ref:`IMPORTED targets <Imported Targets>` that have their own
600
+ :prop_tgt:`IMPORTED_LOCATION` and usage requirement properties
601
+ such as :prop_tgt:`INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES` populated
602
+ appropriately. Those imported targets may then be used with
603
+ the :command:`target_link_libraries` command for ``MathFunctions``:
604
+
605
+ .. code-block:: cmake
606
+
607
+ target_link_libraries(MathFunctions INTERFACE Foo::Foo Bar::Bar)
608
+
609
+ With this approach the package references its external dependencies
610
+ only through the names of :ref:`IMPORTED targets <Imported Targets>`.
611
+ When a consumer uses the installed package, the consumer will run the
612
+ appropriate :command:`find_package` commands (via the ``find_dependency``
613
+ macro described above) to find the dependencies and populate the
614
+ imported targets with appropriate paths on their own machine.
615
+
616
+ Using the Package Configuration File
617
+ ====================================
618
+
619
+ Now we're ready to create a project to use the installed ``MathFunctions``
620
+ library. In this section we will be using source code from
621
+ ``Help\guide\importing-exporting\Downstream``. In this directory, there is a
622
+ source file called ``main.cc`` that uses the ``MathFunctions`` library to
623
+ calculate the square root of a given number and then prints the results:
624
+
625
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/main.cc
626
+ :language: c++
627
+
628
+ As before, we'll start with the :command:`cmake_minimum_required` and
629
+ :command:`project` commands in the ``CMakeLists.txt`` file. For this project,
630
+ we'll also specify the C++ standard.
631
+
632
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/CMakeLists.txt
633
+ :language: cmake
634
+ :end-before: # find MathFunctions
635
+
636
+ We can use the :command:`find_package` command:
637
+
638
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/CMakeLists.txt
639
+ :language: cmake
640
+ :start-after: # find MathFunctions
641
+ :end-before: # create executable
642
+
643
+ Create an executable:
644
+
645
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/CMakeLists.txt
646
+ :language: cmake
647
+ :start-after: # create executable
648
+ :end-before: # use MathFunctions library
649
+
650
+ And link to the ``MathFunctions`` library:
651
+
652
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/CMakeLists.txt
653
+ :language: cmake
654
+ :start-after: # use MathFunctions library
655
+
656
+ That's it! Now let's try to build the ``Downstream`` project.
657
+
658
+ .. code-block:: console
659
+
660
+ mkdir Downstream_build
661
+ cd Downstream_build
662
+ cmake ../Downstream
663
+ cmake --build .
664
+
665
+ A warning may have appeared during CMake configuration:
666
+
667
+ .. code-block:: console
668
+
669
+ CMake Warning at CMakeLists.txt:4 (find_package):
670
+ By not providing "FindMathFunctions.cmake" in CMAKE_MODULE_PATH this
671
+ project has asked CMake to find a package configuration file provided by
672
+ "MathFunctions", but CMake did not find one.
673
+
674
+ Could not find a package configuration file provided by "MathFunctions"
675
+ with any of the following names:
676
+
677
+ MathFunctionsConfig.cmake
678
+ mathfunctions-config.cmake
679
+
680
+ Add the installation prefix of "MathFunctions" to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH or set
681
+ "MathFunctions_DIR" to a directory containing one of the above files. If
682
+ "MathFunctions" provides a separate development package or SDK, be sure it
683
+ has been installed.
684
+
685
+ Set the ``CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH`` to where MathFunctions was installed previously
686
+ and try again. Ensure that the newly created executable runs as expected.
687
+
688
+ Adding Components
689
+ =================
690
+
691
+ Let's edit the ``MathFunctions`` project to use components. The source code for
692
+ this section can be found in
693
+ ``Help\guide\importing-exporting\MathFunctionsComponents``. The CMakeLists file
694
+ for this project adds two subdirectories: ``Addition`` and ``SquareRoot``.
695
+
696
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctionsComponents/CMakeLists.txt
697
+ :language: cmake
698
+ :end-before: # include CMakePackageConfigHelpers macro
699
+
700
+ Generate and install the package configuration and package version files:
701
+
702
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctionsComponents/CMakeLists.txt
703
+ :language: cmake
704
+ :start-after: # include CMakePackageConfigHelpers macro
705
+
706
+ If ``COMPONENTS`` are specified when the downstream uses
707
+ :command:`find_package`, they are listed in the
708
+ ``<PackageName>_FIND_COMPONENTS`` variable. We can use this variable to verify
709
+ that all necessary component targets are included in ``Config.cmake.in``. At
710
+ the same time, this function will act as a custom ``check_required_components``
711
+ macro to ensure that the downstream only attempts to use supported components.
712
+
713
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctionsComponents/Config.cmake.in
714
+
715
+ Here, the ``MathFunctions_NOT_FOUND_MESSAGE`` is set to a diagnosis that the
716
+ package could not be found because an invalid component was specified. This
717
+ message variable can be set for any case where the ``_FOUND`` variable is set
718
+ to ``False``, and will be displayed to the user.
719
+
720
+ The ``Addition`` and ``SquareRoot`` directories are similar. Let's look at one
721
+ of the CMakeLists files:
722
+
723
+ .. literalinclude:: MathFunctionsComponents/SquareRoot/CMakeLists.txt
724
+ :language: cmake
725
+
726
+ Now we can build the project as described in earlier sections. To test using
727
+ this package, we can use the project in
728
+ ``Help\guide\importing-exporting\DownstreamComponents``. There's two
729
+ differences from the previous ``Downstream`` project. First, we need to find
730
+ the package components. Change the ``find_package`` line from:
731
+
732
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/CMakeLists.txt
733
+ :language: cmake
734
+ :start-after: # find MathFunctions
735
+ :end-before: # create executable
736
+
737
+ To:
738
+
739
+ .. literalinclude:: DownstreamComponents/CMakeLists.txt
740
+ :language: cmake
741
+ :start-after: # find MathFunctions
742
+ :end-before: # create executable
743
+
744
+ and the ``target_link_libraries`` line from:
745
+
746
+ .. literalinclude:: Downstream/CMakeLists.txt
747
+ :language: cmake
748
+ :start-after: # use MathFunctions library
749
+
750
+ To:
751
+
752
+ .. literalinclude:: DownstreamComponents/CMakeLists.txt
753
+ :language: cmake
754
+ :start-after: # use MathFunctions library
755
+ :end-before: # Workaround for GCC on AIX to avoid -isystem
756
+
757
+ In ``main.cc``, replace ``#include MathFunctions.h`` with:
758
+
759
+ .. literalinclude:: DownstreamComponents/main.cc
760
+ :language: c
761
+ :start-after: #include <string>
762
+ :end-before: int main
763
+
764
+ Finally, use the ``Addition`` library:
765
+
766
+ .. literalinclude:: DownstreamComponents/main.cc
767
+ :language: c
768
+ :start-after: // calculate sum
769
+ :end-before: return 0;
770
+
771
+ Build the ``Downstream`` project and confirm that it can find and use the
772
+ package components.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/A Basic Starting Point.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 1: A Basic Starting Point
2
+ ==============================
3
+
4
+ Where do I start with CMake? This step will provide an introduction to some of
5
+ CMake's basic syntax, commands, and variables. As these concepts are
6
+ introduced, we will work through three exercises and create a simple CMake
7
+ project.
8
+
9
+ Each exercise in this step will start with some background information. Then, a
10
+ goal and list of helpful resources are provided. Each file in the
11
+ ``Files to Edit`` section is in the ``Step1`` directory and contains one or
12
+ more ``TODO`` comments. Each ``TODO`` represents a line or two of code to
13
+ change or add. The ``TODO`` s are intended to be completed in numerical order,
14
+ first complete ``TODO 1`` then ``TODO 2``, etc. The ``Getting Started``
15
+ section will give some helpful hints and guide you through the exercise. Then
16
+ the ``Build and Run`` section will walk step-by-step through how to build and
17
+ test the exercise. Finally, at the end of each exercise the intended solution
18
+ is discussed.
19
+
20
+ Also note that each step in the tutorial builds on the next. So, for example,
21
+ the starting code for ``Step2`` is the complete solution to ``Step1``.
22
+
23
+ Exercise 1 - Building a Basic Project
24
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
25
+
26
+ The most basic CMake project is an executable built from a single source code
27
+ file. For simple projects like this, a ``CMakeLists.txt`` file with three
28
+ commands is all that is required.
29
+
30
+ **Note:** Although upper, lower and mixed case commands are supported by CMake,
31
+ lower case commands are preferred and will be used throughout the tutorial.
32
+
33
+ Any project's top most CMakeLists.txt must start by specifying a minimum CMake
34
+ version using the :command:`cmake_minimum_required` command. This establishes
35
+ policy settings and ensures that the following CMake functions are run with a
36
+ compatible version of CMake.
37
+
38
+ To start a project, we use the :command:`project` command to set the project
39
+ name. This call is required with every project and should be called soon after
40
+ :command:`cmake_minimum_required`. As we will see later, this command can
41
+ also be used to specify other project level information such as the language
42
+ or version number.
43
+
44
+ Finally, the :command:`add_executable` command tells CMake to create an
45
+ executable using the specified source code files.
46
+
47
+ Goal
48
+ ----
49
+
50
+ Understand how to create a simple CMake project.
51
+
52
+ Helpful Resources
53
+ -----------------
54
+
55
+ * :command:`add_executable`
56
+ * :command:`cmake_minimum_required`
57
+ * :command:`project`
58
+
59
+ Files to Edit
60
+ -------------
61
+
62
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
63
+
64
+ Getting Started
65
+ ----------------
66
+
67
+ The source code for ``tutorial.cxx`` is provided in the
68
+ ``Help/guide/tutorial/Step1`` directory and can be used to compute the square
69
+ root of a number. This file does not need to be edited in this step.
70
+
71
+ In the same directory is a ``CMakeLists.txt`` file which you will complete.
72
+ Start with ``TODO 1`` and work through ``TODO 3``.
73
+
74
+ Build and Run
75
+ -------------
76
+
77
+ Once ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 3`` have been completed, we are ready to build
78
+ and run our project! First, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable or the
79
+ :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project and then build it
80
+ with your chosen build tool.
81
+
82
+ For example, from the command line we could navigate to the
83
+ ``Help/guide/tutorial`` directory of the CMake source code tree and create a
84
+ build directory:
85
+
86
+ .. code-block:: console
87
+
88
+ mkdir Step1_build
89
+
90
+ Next, navigate to that build directory and run
91
+ :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` to configure the project and generate a native build
92
+ system:
93
+
94
+ .. code-block:: console
95
+
96
+ cd Step1_build
97
+ cmake ../Step1
98
+
99
+ Then call that build system to actually compile/link the project:
100
+
101
+ .. code-block:: console
102
+
103
+ cmake --build .
104
+
105
+ Finally, try to use the newly built ``Tutorial`` with these commands:
106
+
107
+ .. code-block:: console
108
+
109
+ Tutorial 4294967296
110
+ Tutorial 10
111
+ Tutorial
112
+
113
+ Solution
114
+ --------
115
+
116
+ As mentioned above, a three line ``CMakeLists.txt`` is all that we need to get
117
+ up and running. The first line is to use :command:`cmake_minimum_required` to
118
+ set the CMake version as follows:
119
+
120
+ .. raw:: html
121
+
122
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
123
+
124
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/CMakeLists.txt
125
+ :caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
126
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-cmake_minimum_required
127
+ :language: cmake
128
+ :end-before: # set the project name and version
129
+
130
+ .. raw:: html
131
+
132
+ </details>
133
+
134
+ The next step to make a basic project is to use the :command:`project`
135
+ command as follows to set the project name:
136
+
137
+ .. raw:: html
138
+
139
+ <details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
140
+
141
+ .. code-block:: cmake
142
+ :caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
143
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-project
144
+
145
+ project(Tutorial)
146
+
147
+ .. raw:: html
148
+
149
+ </details>
150
+
151
+ The last command to call for a basic project is
152
+ :command:`add_executable`. We call it as follows:
153
+
154
+ .. raw:: html
155
+
156
+ <details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
157
+
158
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/CMakeLists.txt
159
+ :caption: TODO 3: CMakeLists.txt
160
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-add_executable
161
+ :language: cmake
162
+ :start-after: # add the executable
163
+ :end-before: # TODO 3:
164
+
165
+ .. raw:: html
166
+
167
+ </details>
168
+
169
+ Exercise 2 - Specifying the C++ Standard
170
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
171
+
172
+ CMake has some special variables that are either created behind the scenes or
173
+ have meaning to CMake when set by project code. Many of these variables start
174
+ with ``CMAKE_``. Avoid this naming convention when creating variables for your
175
+ projects. Two of these special user settable variables are
176
+ :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`.
177
+ These may be used together to specify the C++ standard needed to build the
178
+ project.
179
+
180
+ Goal
181
+ ----
182
+
183
+ Add a feature that requires C++11.
184
+
185
+ Helpful Resources
186
+ -----------------
187
+
188
+ * :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD`
189
+ * :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`
190
+ * :command:`set`
191
+
192
+ Files to Edit
193
+ -------------
194
+
195
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
196
+ * ``tutorial.cxx``
197
+
198
+ Getting Started
199
+ ---------------
200
+
201
+ Continue editing files in the ``Step1`` directory. Start with ``TODO 4`` and
202
+ complete through ``TODO 6``.
203
+
204
+ First, edit ``tutorial.cxx`` by adding a feature that requires C++11. Then
205
+ update ``CMakeLists.txt`` to require C++11.
206
+
207
+ Build and Run
208
+ -------------
209
+
210
+ Let's build our project again. Since we already created a build directory and
211
+ ran CMake for Exercise 1, we can skip to the build step:
212
+
213
+ .. code-block:: console
214
+
215
+ cd Step1_build
216
+ cmake --build .
217
+
218
+ Now we can try to use the newly built ``Tutorial`` with same commands as
219
+ before:
220
+
221
+ .. code-block:: console
222
+
223
+ Tutorial 4294967296
224
+ Tutorial 10
225
+ Tutorial
226
+
227
+ Solution
228
+ --------
229
+
230
+ We start by adding some C++11 features to our project by replacing
231
+ ``atof`` with ``std::stod`` in ``tutorial.cxx``. This looks like
232
+ the following:
233
+
234
+ .. raw:: html
235
+
236
+ <details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
237
+
238
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/tutorial.cxx
239
+ :caption: TODO 4: tutorial.cxx
240
+ :name: tutorial.cxx-cxx11
241
+ :language: c++
242
+ :start-after: // convert input to double
243
+ :end-before: // TODO 6:
244
+
245
+ .. raw:: html
246
+
247
+ </details>
248
+
249
+ To complete ``TODO 5``, simply remove ``#include <cstdlib>``.
250
+
251
+ We will need to explicitly state in the CMake code that it should use the
252
+ correct flags. One way to enable support for a specific C++ standard in CMake
253
+ is by using the :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` variable. For this tutorial, set
254
+ the :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` variable in the ``CMakeLists.txt`` file to
255
+ ``11`` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED` to ``True``. Make sure to
256
+ add the :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` declarations above the call to
257
+ :command:`add_executable`.
258
+
259
+ .. raw:: html
260
+
261
+ <details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
262
+
263
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/CMakeLists.txt
264
+ :caption: TODO 6: CMakeLists.txt
265
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-CXX_STANDARD
266
+ :language: cmake
267
+ :start-after: # specify the C++ standard
268
+ :end-before: # configure a header file
269
+
270
+ .. raw:: html
271
+
272
+ </details>
273
+
274
+ Exercise 3 - Adding a Version Number and Configured Header File
275
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
276
+
277
+ Sometimes it may be useful to have a variable that is defined in your
278
+ ``CMakelists.txt`` file also be available in your source code. In this case, we
279
+ would like to print the project version.
280
+
281
+ One way to accomplish this is by using a configured header file. We create an
282
+ input file with one or more variables to replace. These variables have special
283
+ syntax which looks like ``@VAR@``.
284
+ Then, we use the :command:`configure_file` command to copy the input file to a
285
+ given output file and replace these variables with the current value of ``VAR``
286
+ in the ``CMakelists.txt`` file.
287
+
288
+ While we could edit the version directly in the source code, using this
289
+ feature is preferred since it creates a single source of truth and avoids
290
+ duplication.
291
+
292
+ Goal
293
+ ----
294
+
295
+ Define and report the project's version number.
296
+
297
+ Helpful Resources
298
+ -----------------
299
+
300
+ * :variable:`<PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION_MAJOR`
301
+ * :variable:`<PROJECT-NAME>_VERSION_MINOR`
302
+ * :command:`configure_file`
303
+ * :command:`target_include_directories`
304
+
305
+ Files to Edit
306
+ -------------
307
+
308
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
309
+ * ``tutorial.cxx``
310
+
311
+ Getting Started
312
+ ---------------
313
+
314
+ Continue to edit files from ``Step1``. Start on ``TODO 7`` and complete through
315
+ ``TODO 12``. In this exercise, we start by adding a project version number in
316
+ ``CMakeLists.txt``. In that same file, use :command:`configure_file` to copy a
317
+ given input file to an output file and substitute some variable values in the
318
+ input file content.
319
+
320
+ Next, create an input header file ``TutorialConfig.h.in`` defining version
321
+ numbers which will accept variables passed from :command:`configure_file`.
322
+
323
+ Finally, update ``tutorial.cxx`` to print out its version number.
324
+
325
+ Build and Run
326
+ -------------
327
+
328
+ Let's build our project again. As before, we already created a build directory
329
+ and ran CMake so we can skip to the build step:
330
+
331
+ .. code-block:: console
332
+
333
+ cd Step1_build
334
+ cmake --build .
335
+
336
+ Verify that the version number is now reported when running the executable
337
+ without any arguments.
338
+
339
+ Solution
340
+ --------
341
+
342
+ In this exercise, we improve our executable by printing a version number.
343
+ While we could do this exclusively in the source code, using ``CMakeLists.txt``
344
+ lets us maintain a single source of data for the version number.
345
+
346
+ First, we modify the ``CMakeLists.txt`` file to use the
347
+ :command:`project` command to set both the project name and version number.
348
+ When the :command:`project` command is called, CMake defines
349
+ ``Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR`` and ``Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR`` behind the scenes.
350
+
351
+ .. raw:: html
352
+
353
+ <details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
354
+
355
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/CMakeLists.txt
356
+ :caption: TODO 7: CMakeLists.txt
357
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-project-VERSION
358
+ :language: cmake
359
+ :start-after: # set the project name and version
360
+ :end-before: # specify the C++ standard
361
+
362
+ .. raw:: html
363
+
364
+ </details>
365
+
366
+ Then we used :command:`configure_file` to copy the input file with the
367
+ specified CMake variables replaced:
368
+
369
+ .. raw:: html
370
+
371
+ <details><summary>TODO 8: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
372
+
373
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/CMakeLists.txt
374
+ :caption: TODO 8: CMakeLists.txt
375
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-configure_file
376
+ :language: cmake
377
+ :start-after: # to the source code
378
+ :end-before: # TODO 2:
379
+
380
+ .. raw:: html
381
+
382
+ </details>
383
+
384
+ Since the configured file will be written into the project binary
385
+ directory, we must add that directory to the list of paths to search for
386
+ include files.
387
+
388
+ **Note:** Throughout this tutorial, we will refer to the project build and
389
+ the project binary directory interchangeably. These are the same and are not
390
+ meant to refer to a `bin/` directory.
391
+
392
+ We used :command:`target_include_directories` to specify
393
+ where the executable target should look for include files.
394
+
395
+ .. raw:: html
396
+
397
+ <details><summary>TODO 9: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
398
+
399
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/CMakeLists.txt
400
+ :caption: TODO 9: CMakeLists.txt
401
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories
402
+ :language: cmake
403
+ :start-after: # so that we will find TutorialConfig.h
404
+
405
+ .. raw:: html
406
+
407
+ </details>
408
+
409
+ ``TutorialConfig.h.in`` is the input header file to be configured.
410
+ When :command:`configure_file` is called from our ``CMakeLists.txt``, the
411
+ values for ``@Tutorial_VERSION_MAJOR@`` and ``@Tutorial_VERSION_MINOR@`` will
412
+ be replaced with the corresponding version numbers from the project in
413
+ ``TutorialConfig.h``.
414
+
415
+ .. raw:: html
416
+
417
+ <details><summary>TODO 10: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
418
+
419
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/TutorialConfig.h.in
420
+ :caption: TODO 10: TutorialConfig.h.in
421
+ :name: TutorialConfig.h.in
422
+ :language: c++
423
+
424
+ .. raw:: html
425
+
426
+ </details>
427
+
428
+ Next, we need to modify ``tutorial.cxx`` to include the configured header file,
429
+ ``TutorialConfig.h``.
430
+
431
+ .. raw:: html
432
+
433
+ <details><summary>TODO 11: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
434
+
435
+ .. code-block:: c++
436
+ :caption: TODO 11: tutorial.cxx
437
+
438
+ #include "TutorialConfig.h"
439
+
440
+ .. raw:: html
441
+
442
+ </details>
443
+
444
+ Finally, we print out the executable name and version number by updating
445
+ ``tutorial.cxx`` as follows:
446
+
447
+ .. raw:: html
448
+
449
+ <details><summary>TODO 12: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
450
+
451
+ .. literalinclude:: Step2/tutorial.cxx
452
+ :caption: TODO 12 : tutorial.cxx
453
+ :name: tutorial.cxx-print-version
454
+ :language: c++
455
+ :start-after: {
456
+ :end-before: // convert input to double
457
+
458
+ .. raw:: html
459
+
460
+ </details>
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Export Configuration.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 11: Adding Export Configuration
2
+ ====================================
3
+
4
+ During :guide:`tutorial/Installing and Testing` of the tutorial we added the
5
+ ability for CMake to install the library and headers of the project. During
6
+ :guide:`tutorial/Packaging an Installer` we added the ability to package up
7
+ this information so it could be distributed to other people.
8
+
9
+ The next step is to add the necessary information so that other CMake projects
10
+ can use our project, be it from a build directory, a local install or when
11
+ packaged.
12
+
13
+ The first step is to update our :command:`install(TARGETS)` commands to not
14
+ only specify a ``DESTINATION`` but also an ``EXPORT``. The ``EXPORT`` keyword
15
+ generates a CMake file containing code to import all targets listed in the
16
+ install command from the installation tree. So let's go ahead and explicitly
17
+ ``EXPORT`` the ``MathFunctions`` library by updating the ``install`` command
18
+ in ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` to look like:
19
+
20
+ .. literalinclude:: Complete/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
21
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
22
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-install-TARGETS-EXPORT
23
+ :language: cmake
24
+ :start-after: # install libs
25
+
26
+ Now that we have ``MathFunctions`` being exported, we also need to explicitly
27
+ install the generated ``MathFunctionsTargets.cmake`` file. This is done by
28
+ adding the following to the bottom of the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt``:
29
+
30
+ .. literalinclude:: Complete/CMakeLists.txt
31
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
32
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-install-EXPORT
33
+ :language: cmake
34
+ :start-after: # install the configuration targets
35
+ :end-before: include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
36
+
37
+ At this point you should try and run CMake. If everything is setup properly
38
+ you will see that CMake will generate an error that looks like:
39
+
40
+ .. code-block:: console
41
+
42
+ Target "MathFunctions" INTERFACE_INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES property contains
43
+ path:
44
+
45
+ "/Users/robert/Documents/CMakeClass/Tutorial/Step11/MathFunctions"
46
+
47
+ which is prefixed in the source directory.
48
+
49
+ What CMake is trying to say is that during generating the export information
50
+ it will export a path that is intrinsically tied to the current machine and
51
+ will not be valid on other machines. The solution to this is to update the
52
+ ``MathFunctions`` :command:`target_include_directories` to understand that it
53
+ needs different ``INTERFACE`` locations when being used from within the build
54
+ directory and from an install / package. This means converting the
55
+ :command:`target_include_directories` call for ``MathFunctions`` to look like:
56
+
57
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
58
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
59
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories
60
+ :language: cmake
61
+ :start-after: # to find MathFunctions.h, while we don't.
62
+ :end-before: # should we use our own math functions
63
+
64
+ Once this has been updated, we can re-run CMake and verify that it doesn't
65
+ warn anymore.
66
+
67
+ At this point, we have CMake properly packaging the target information that is
68
+ required but we will still need to generate a ``MathFunctionsConfig.cmake`` so
69
+ that the CMake :command:`find_package` command can find our project. So let's go
70
+ ahead and add a new file to the top-level of the project called
71
+ ``Config.cmake.in`` with the following contents:
72
+
73
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/Config.cmake.in
74
+ :caption: Config.cmake.in
75
+ :name: Config.cmake.in
76
+
77
+ Then, to properly configure and install that file, add the following to the
78
+ bottom of the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt``:
79
+
80
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/CMakeLists.txt
81
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
82
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-install-Config.cmake
83
+ :language: cmake
84
+ :start-after: # install the configuration targets
85
+ :end-before: # generate the config file
86
+
87
+
88
+ Next, we execute the :command:`configure_package_config_file`. This command
89
+ will configure a provided file but with a few specific differences from the
90
+ standard :command:`configure_file` way.
91
+ To properly utilize this function, the input file should have a single line
92
+ with the text ``@PACKAGE_INIT@`` in addition to the content that is desired.
93
+ That variable will be replaced with a block of code which turns set values into
94
+ relative paths. These values which are new can be referenced by the same name
95
+ but prepended with a ``PACKAGE_`` prefix.
96
+
97
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/CMakeLists.txt
98
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
99
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-configure-package-config.cmake
100
+ :language: cmake
101
+ :start-after: # install the configuration targets
102
+ :end-before: # generate the version file
103
+
104
+ The :command:`write_basic_package_version_file` is next. This command writes
105
+ a file which is used by :command:`find_package`, documenting the version and
106
+ compatibility of the desired package. Here, we use the ``Tutorial_VERSION_*``
107
+ variables and say that it is compatible with ``AnyNewerVersion``, which
108
+ denotes that this version or any higher one are compatible with the requested
109
+ version.
110
+
111
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/CMakeLists.txt
112
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
113
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-basic-version-file.cmake
114
+ :language: cmake
115
+ :start-after: # generate the version file
116
+ :end-before: # install the generated configuration files
117
+
118
+ Finally, set both generated files to be installed:
119
+
120
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/CMakeLists.txt
121
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
122
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-install-configured-files.cmake
123
+ :language: cmake
124
+ :start-after: # install the generated configuration files
125
+ :end-before: # generate the export
126
+
127
+ At this point, we have generated a relocatable CMake Configuration for our
128
+ project that can be used after the project has been installed or packaged. If
129
+ we want our project to also be used from a build directory we only have to add
130
+ the following to the bottom of the top level ``CMakeLists.txt``:
131
+
132
+ .. literalinclude:: Step12/CMakeLists.txt
133
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
134
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-export
135
+ :language: cmake
136
+ :start-after: # needs to be after the install(TARGETS) command
137
+
138
+ With this export call we now generate a ``MathFunctionsTargets.cmake``, allowing the
139
+ configured ``MathFunctionsConfig.cmake`` in the build directory to be used by
140
+ other projects, without needing it to be installed.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Generator Expressions.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 4: Adding Generator Expressions
2
+ =====================================
3
+
4
+ :manual:`Generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>` are evaluated
5
+ during build system generation to produce information specific to each build
6
+ configuration.
7
+
8
+ :manual:`Generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>` are allowed in
9
+ the context of many target properties, such as :prop_tgt:`LINK_LIBRARIES`,
10
+ :prop_tgt:`INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES`, :prop_tgt:`COMPILE_DEFINITIONS` and others.
11
+ They may also be used when using commands to populate those properties, such as
12
+ :command:`target_link_libraries`, :command:`target_include_directories`,
13
+ :command:`target_compile_definitions` and others.
14
+
15
+ :manual:`Generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>` may be used
16
+ to enable conditional linking, conditional definitions used when compiling,
17
+ conditional include directories and more. The conditions may be based on the
18
+ build configuration, target properties, platform information or any other
19
+ queryable information.
20
+
21
+ There are different types of
22
+ :manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>` including
23
+ Logical, Informational, and Output expressions.
24
+
25
+ Logical expressions are used to create conditional output. The basic
26
+ expressions are the ``0`` and ``1`` expressions. A ``$<0:...>`` results in the
27
+ empty string, and ``<1:...>`` results in the content of ``...``. They can also
28
+ be nested.
29
+
30
+ Exercise 1 - Adding Compiler Warning Flags with Generator Expressions
31
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
32
+
33
+ A common usage of
34
+ :manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>` is to
35
+ conditionally add compiler flags, such as those for language levels or
36
+ warnings. A nice pattern is to associate this information to an ``INTERFACE``
37
+ target allowing this information to propagate.
38
+
39
+ Goal
40
+ ----
41
+
42
+ Add compiler warning flags when building but not for installed versions.
43
+
44
+ Helpful Resources
45
+ -----------------
46
+
47
+ * :manual:`cmake-generator-expressions(7)`
48
+ * :command:`cmake_minimum_required`
49
+ * :command:`set`
50
+ * :command:`target_compile_options`
51
+
52
+ Files to Edit
53
+ -------------
54
+
55
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
56
+
57
+ Getting Started
58
+ ---------------
59
+
60
+ Open the file ``Step4/CMakeLists.txt`` and complete ``TODO 1`` through
61
+ ``TODO 4``.
62
+
63
+ First, in the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file, we need to set the
64
+ :command:`cmake_minimum_required` to ``3.15``. In this exercise we are going
65
+ to use a generator expression which was introduced in CMake 3.15.
66
+
67
+ Next we add the desired compiler warning flags that we want for our project.
68
+ As warning flags vary based on the compiler, we use the
69
+ ``COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID`` generator expression to control which flags to apply
70
+ given a language and a set of compiler ids.
71
+
72
+ Build and Run
73
+ -------------
74
+
75
+ Make a new directory called ``Step4_build``, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>`
76
+ executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project
77
+ and then build it with your chosen build tool or by using ``cmake --build .``
78
+ from the build directory.
79
+
80
+ .. code-block:: console
81
+
82
+ mkdir Step4_build
83
+ cd Step4_build
84
+ cmake ../Step4
85
+ cmake --build .
86
+
87
+ Solution
88
+ --------
89
+
90
+ Update the :command:`cmake_minimum_required` to require at least CMake
91
+ version ``3.15``:
92
+
93
+ .. raw:: html
94
+
95
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
96
+
97
+ .. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
98
+ :caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
99
+ :name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-minimum-required-step4
100
+ :language: cmake
101
+ :end-before: # set the project name and version
102
+
103
+ .. raw:: html
104
+
105
+ </details>
106
+
107
+ Next we determine which compiler our system is currently using to build
108
+ since warning flags vary based on the compiler we use. This is done with
109
+ the ``COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID`` generator expression. We set the result in the
110
+ variables ``gcc_like_cxx`` and ``msvc_cxx`` as follows:
111
+
112
+ .. raw:: html
113
+
114
+ <details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
115
+
116
+ .. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
117
+ :caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
118
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-compile_lang_and_id
119
+ :language: cmake
120
+ :start-after: # the BUILD_INTERFACE genex
121
+ :end-before: target_compile_options(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE
122
+
123
+ .. raw:: html
124
+
125
+ </details>
126
+
127
+ Next we add the desired compiler warning flags that we want for our project.
128
+ Using our variables ``gcc_like_cxx`` and ``msvc_cxx``, we can use another
129
+ generator expression to apply the respective flags only when the variables are
130
+ true. We use :command:`target_compile_options` to apply these flags to our
131
+ interface library.
132
+
133
+ .. raw:: html
134
+
135
+ <details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
136
+
137
+ .. code-block:: cmake
138
+ :caption: TODO 3: CMakeLists.txt
139
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-compile_flags
140
+
141
+ target_compile_options(tutorial_compiler_flags INTERFACE
142
+ "$<${gcc_like_cxx}:-Wall;-Wextra;-Wshadow;-Wformat=2;-Wunused>"
143
+ "$<${msvc_cxx}:-W3>"
144
+ )
145
+
146
+ .. raw:: html
147
+
148
+ </details>
149
+
150
+ Lastly, we only want these warning flags to be used during builds. Consumers
151
+ of our installed project should not inherit our warning flags. To specify
152
+ this, we wrap our flags in a generator expression using the ``BUILD_INTERFACE``
153
+ condition. The resulting full code looks like the following:
154
+
155
+ .. raw:: html
156
+
157
+ <details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
158
+
159
+ .. literalinclude:: Step5/CMakeLists.txt
160
+ :caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
161
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-target_compile_options-genex
162
+ :language: cmake
163
+ :start-after: set(msvc_cxx "$<COMPILE_LANG_AND_ID:CXX,MSVC>")
164
+ :end-before: # configure a header file to pass some of the CMake settings
165
+
166
+ .. raw:: html
167
+
168
+ </details>
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Support for a Testing Dashboard.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 6: Adding Support for a Testing Dashboard
2
+ ==============================================
3
+
4
+ Adding support for submitting our test results to a dashboard is simple. We
5
+ already defined a number of tests for our project in
6
+ :ref:`Testing Support <Tutorial Testing Support>`. Now we just have to run
7
+ those tests and submit them to CDash.
8
+
9
+
10
+ Exercise 1 - Send Results to a Testing Dashboard
11
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
12
+
13
+ Goal
14
+ ----
15
+
16
+ Display our CTest results with CDash.
17
+
18
+ Helpful Resources
19
+ -----------------
20
+
21
+ * :manual:`ctest(1)`
22
+ * :command:`include`
23
+ * :module:`CTest`
24
+
25
+ Files to Edit
26
+ -------------
27
+
28
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
29
+
30
+ Getting Started
31
+ ---------------
32
+
33
+ For this exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` in the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt`` by
34
+ including the :module:`CTest` module. This will enable testing with CTest as
35
+ well as dashboard submissions to CDash, so we can safely remove the call to
36
+ :command:`enable_testing`.
37
+
38
+ We will also need to acquire a ``CTestConfig.cmake`` file to be placed in the
39
+ top-level directory. When run, the :manual:`ctest <ctest(1)>` executable will
40
+ read this file to gather information about the testing dashboard. It contains:
41
+
42
+ * The project name
43
+
44
+ * The project "Nightly" start time
45
+
46
+ * The time when a 24 hour "day" starts for this project.
47
+
48
+ * The URL of the CDash instance where the submission's generated documents
49
+ will be sent
50
+
51
+ For this tutorial, a public dashboard server is used and its corresponding
52
+ ``CTestConfig.cmake`` file is provided for you in this step's root directory.
53
+ In practice, this file would be downloaded from a project's ``Settings`` page
54
+ on the CDash instance intended to host the test results. Once downloaded from
55
+ CDash, the file should not be modified locally.
56
+
57
+ .. literalinclude:: Step7/CTestConfig.cmake
58
+ :caption: CTestConfig.cmake
59
+ :name: CTestConfig.cmake
60
+ :language: cmake
61
+
62
+
63
+ Build and Run
64
+ -------------
65
+
66
+ Note that as part of the CDash submission some information about your
67
+ development system (e.g. site name or full pathnames) may displayed publicly.
68
+
69
+ To create a simple test dashboard, run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>`
70
+ executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project
71
+ but do not build it yet. Instead, navigate to the build directory and run:
72
+
73
+ .. code-block:: console
74
+
75
+ ctest [-VV] -D Experimental
76
+
77
+ Remember, for multi-config generators (e.g. Visual Studio), the configuration
78
+ type must be specified:
79
+
80
+ .. code-block:: console
81
+
82
+ ctest [-VV] -C Debug -D Experimental
83
+
84
+ Or, from an IDE, build the ``Experimental`` target.
85
+
86
+ The :manual:`ctest <ctest(1)>` executable will build the project, run any
87
+ tests, and submit the results to Kitware's public dashboard:
88
+ https://my.cdash.org/index.php?project=CMakeTutorial.
89
+
90
+ Solution
91
+ --------
92
+
93
+ The only CMake code changed needed in this step was to enable dashboard
94
+ submissions to CDash by including the :module:`CTest` module in our top-level
95
+ ``CMakeLists.txt``:
96
+
97
+ .. raw:: html
98
+
99
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
100
+
101
+ .. literalinclude:: Step7/CMakeLists.txt
102
+ :caption: TODO 1: CMakeLists.txt
103
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-include-CTest
104
+ :language: cmake
105
+ :start-after: # enable testing
106
+ :end-before: # does the application run
107
+
108
+ .. raw:: html
109
+
110
+ </details>
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding System Introspection.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 7: Adding System Introspection
2
+ ===================================
3
+
4
+ Let us consider adding some code to our project that depends on features the
5
+ target platform may not have. For this example, we will add some code that
6
+ depends on whether or not the target platform has the ``log`` and ``exp``
7
+ functions. Of course almost every platform has these functions but for this
8
+ tutorial assume that they are not common.
9
+
10
+ Exercise 1 - Assessing Dependency Availability
11
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
12
+
13
+ Goal
14
+ ----
15
+
16
+ Change implementation based on available system dependencies.
17
+
18
+ Helpful Resources
19
+ -----------------
20
+
21
+ * :module:`CheckCXXSourceCompiles`
22
+ * :command:`target_compile_definitions`
23
+
24
+ Files to Edit
25
+ -------------
26
+
27
+ * ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
28
+ * ``MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx``
29
+
30
+ Getting Started
31
+ ---------------
32
+
33
+ The starting source code is provided in the ``Step7`` directory. In this
34
+ exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 5``.
35
+
36
+ Start by editing ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``. Include the
37
+ :module:`CheckCXXSourceCompiles` module. Then, use
38
+ ``check_cxx_source_compiles`` to determine whether ``log`` and ``exp`` are
39
+ available from ``cmath``. If they are available, use
40
+ :command:`target_compile_definitions` to specify ``HAVE_LOG`` and ``HAVE_EXP``
41
+ as compile definitions.
42
+
43
+ In the ``MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx``, include ``cmath``. Then, if the system has
44
+ ``log`` and ``exp``, use them to compute the square root.
45
+
46
+ Build and Run
47
+ -------------
48
+
49
+ Make a new directory called ``Step7_build``. Run the
50
+ :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable or the
51
+ :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project and then build it
52
+ with your chosen build tool and run the ``Tutorial`` executable.
53
+
54
+ This can look like the following:
55
+
56
+ .. code-block:: console
57
+
58
+ mkdir Step7_build
59
+ cd Step7_build
60
+ cmake ../Step7
61
+ cmake --build .
62
+
63
+ Which function gives better results now, ``sqrt`` or ``mysqrt``?
64
+
65
+ Solution
66
+ --------
67
+
68
+ In this exercise we will use functions from the
69
+ :module:`CheckCXXSourceCompiles` module so first we must include it in
70
+ ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``.
71
+
72
+ .. raw:: html
73
+
74
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
75
+
76
+ .. literalinclude:: Step8/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
77
+ :caption: TODO 1: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
78
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-include-check_cxx_source_compiles
79
+ :language: cmake
80
+ :start-after: # does this system provide the log and exp functions?
81
+ :end-before: check_cxx_source_compiles
82
+
83
+ .. raw:: html
84
+
85
+ </details>
86
+
87
+ Then test for the availability of
88
+ ``log`` and ``exp`` using ``check_cxx_compiles_source``. This function
89
+ lets us try compiling simple code with the required dependency prior to
90
+ the true source code compilation. The resulting variables ``HAVE_LOG``
91
+ and ``HAVE_EXP`` represent whether those dependencies are available.
92
+
93
+ .. raw:: html
94
+
95
+ <details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
96
+
97
+ .. literalinclude:: Step8/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
98
+ :caption: TODO 2: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
99
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-check_cxx_source_compiles
100
+ :language: cmake
101
+ :start-after: include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
102
+ :end-before: # add compile definitions
103
+
104
+ .. raw:: html
105
+
106
+ </details>
107
+
108
+ Next, we need to pass these CMake variables to our source code. This way,
109
+ our source code can tell what resources are available. If both ``log`` and
110
+ ``exp`` are available, use :command:`target_compile_definitions` to specify
111
+ ``HAVE_LOG`` and ``HAVE_EXP`` as ``PRIVATE`` compile definitions.
112
+
113
+ .. raw:: html
114
+
115
+ <details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
116
+
117
+ .. literalinclude:: Step8/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
118
+ :caption: TODO 3: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
119
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_compile_definitions
120
+ :language: cmake
121
+ :start-after: # add compile definitions
122
+ :end-before: # state
123
+
124
+ .. raw:: html
125
+
126
+ </details>
127
+
128
+ Since we may be using ``log`` and ``exp``, we need to modify
129
+ ``mysqrt.cxx`` to include ``cmath``.
130
+
131
+ .. raw:: html
132
+
133
+ <details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
134
+
135
+ .. literalinclude:: Step8/MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
136
+ :caption: TODO 4: MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
137
+ :name: MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx-include-cmath
138
+ :language: c++
139
+ :start-after: #include "mysqrt.h"
140
+ :end-before: include <iostream>
141
+
142
+ .. raw:: html
143
+
144
+ </details>
145
+
146
+ If ``log`` and ``exp`` are available on the system, then use them to
147
+ compute the square root in the ``mysqrt`` function. The ``mysqrt`` function in
148
+ ``MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx`` will look as follows:
149
+
150
+ .. raw:: html
151
+
152
+ <details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
153
+
154
+ .. literalinclude:: Step8/MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
155
+ :caption: TODO 5: MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
156
+ :name: MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx-ifdef
157
+ :language: c++
158
+ :start-after: // if we have both log and exp then use them
159
+ :end-before: return result;
160
+
161
+ .. raw:: html
162
+
163
+ </details>
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding Usage Requirements for a Library.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,323 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 3: Adding Usage Requirements for a Library
2
+ ===============================================
3
+
4
+ Exercise 1 - Adding Usage Requirements for a Library
5
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
6
+
7
+ :ref:`Usage requirements <Target Usage Requirements>` of a target parameters
8
+ allow for far better control over a library or executable's link and include
9
+ line while also giving more control over the transitive property of targets
10
+ inside CMake. The primary commands that
11
+ leverage usage requirements are:
12
+
13
+ * :command:`target_compile_definitions`
14
+ * :command:`target_compile_options`
15
+ * :command:`target_include_directories`
16
+ * :command:`target_link_directories`
17
+ * :command:`target_link_options`
18
+ * :command:`target_precompile_headers`
19
+ * :command:`target_sources`
20
+
21
+
22
+ Goal
23
+ ----
24
+
25
+ Add usage requirements for a library.
26
+
27
+ Helpful Materials
28
+ -----------------
29
+
30
+ * :variable:`CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR`
31
+
32
+ Files to Edit
33
+ -------------
34
+
35
+ * ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
36
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
37
+
38
+ Getting Started
39
+ ---------------
40
+
41
+ In this exercise, we will refactor our code from
42
+ :guide:`tutorial/Adding a Library` to use the modern CMake approach. We will
43
+ let our library define its own usage requirements so they are passed
44
+ transitively to other targets as necessary. In this case, ``MathFunctions``
45
+ will specify any needed include directories itself. Then, the consuming target
46
+ ``Tutorial`` simply needs to link to ``MathFunctions`` and not worry about
47
+ any additional include directories.
48
+
49
+ The starting source code is provided in the ``Step3`` directory. In this
50
+ exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 3``.
51
+
52
+ First, add a call to :command:`target_include_directories` in
53
+ ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists``. Remember that
54
+ :variable:`CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR` is the path to the source directory
55
+ currently being processed.
56
+
57
+ Then, update (and simplify!) the call to
58
+ :command:`target_include_directories` in the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt``.
59
+
60
+ Build and Run
61
+ -------------
62
+
63
+ Make a new directory called ``Step3_build``, run the :manual:`cmake
64
+ <cmake(1)>` executable or the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to
65
+ configure the project and then build it with your chosen build tool or by
66
+ using :option:`cmake --build . <cmake --build>` from the build directory.
67
+ Here's a refresher of what that looks like from the command line:
68
+
69
+ .. code-block:: console
70
+
71
+ mkdir Step3_build
72
+ cd Step3_build
73
+ cmake ../Step3
74
+ cmake --build .
75
+
76
+ Next, use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and verify that it is working as
77
+ expected.
78
+
79
+ Solution
80
+ --------
81
+
82
+ Let's update the code from the previous step to use the modern CMake
83
+ approach of usage requirements.
84
+
85
+ We want to state that anybody linking to ``MathFunctions`` needs to include
86
+ the current source directory, while ``MathFunctions`` itself doesn't. This
87
+ can be expressed with an ``INTERFACE`` usage requirement. Remember
88
+ ``INTERFACE`` means things that consumers require but the producer doesn't.
89
+
90
+ At the end of ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``, use
91
+ :command:`target_include_directories` with the ``INTERFACE`` keyword, as
92
+ follows:
93
+
94
+ .. raw:: html
95
+
96
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
97
+
98
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
99
+ :caption: TODO 1: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
100
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories-INTERFACE
101
+ :language: cmake
102
+ :start-after: # to find MathFunctions.h
103
+ :end-before: # should we use our own
104
+
105
+ .. raw:: html
106
+
107
+ </details>
108
+
109
+ Now that we've specified usage requirements for ``MathFunctions`` we can
110
+ safely remove our uses of the ``EXTRA_INCLUDES`` variable from the top-level
111
+ ``CMakeLists.txt``.
112
+
113
+ Remove this line:
114
+
115
+ .. raw:: html
116
+
117
+ <details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
118
+
119
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/CMakeLists.txt
120
+ :caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
121
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-remove-EXTRA_INCLUDES
122
+ :language: cmake
123
+ :start-after: add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
124
+ :end-before: # add the executable
125
+
126
+ .. raw:: html
127
+
128
+ </details>
129
+
130
+ And the lines:
131
+
132
+ .. raw:: html
133
+
134
+ <details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
135
+
136
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
137
+ :caption: TODO 3: CMakeLists.txt
138
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories-remove-EXTRA_INCLUDES
139
+ :language: cmake
140
+ :start-after: # so that we will find TutorialConfig.h
141
+
142
+ .. raw:: html
143
+
144
+ </details>
145
+
146
+ The remaining code looks like:
147
+
148
+ .. raw:: html
149
+
150
+ <details><summary>Click to show/hide the resulting code</summary>
151
+
152
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
153
+ :caption: Remaining code after removing EXTRA_INCLUDES
154
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-after-removing-EXTRA_INCLUDES
155
+ :language: cmake
156
+ :start-after: add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
157
+
158
+ .. raw:: html
159
+
160
+ </details>
161
+
162
+
163
+ Notice that with this technique, the only thing our executable target does to
164
+ use our library is call :command:`target_link_libraries` with the name
165
+ of the library target. In larger projects, the classic method of specifying
166
+ library dependencies manually becomes very complicated very quickly.
167
+
168
+ Exercise 2 - Setting the C++ Standard with Interface Libraries
169
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
170
+
171
+ Now that we have switched our code to a more modern approach, let's demonstrate
172
+ a modern technique to set properties to multiple targets.
173
+
174
+ Let's refactor our existing code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library. We will
175
+ use that library in the next step to demonstrate a common use for
176
+ :manual:`generator expressions <cmake-generator-expressions(7)>`.
177
+
178
+ Goal
179
+ ----
180
+
181
+ Add an ``INTERFACE`` library target to specify the required C++ standard.
182
+
183
+ Helpful Resources
184
+ -----------------
185
+
186
+ * :command:`add_library`
187
+ * :command:`target_compile_features`
188
+ * :command:`target_link_libraries`
189
+
190
+ Files to Edit
191
+ -------------
192
+
193
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
194
+ * ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
195
+
196
+ Getting Started
197
+ ---------------
198
+
199
+ In this exercise, we will refactor our code to use an ``INTERFACE`` library to
200
+ specify the C++ standard.
201
+
202
+ Start this exercise from what we left at the end of Step3 exercise 1. You will
203
+ have to complete ``TODO 4`` through ``TODO 7``.
204
+
205
+ Start by editing the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file. Construct an
206
+ ``INTERFACE`` library target called ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` and
207
+ specify ``cxx_std_11`` as a target compiler feature.
208
+
209
+ Modify ``CMakeLists.txt`` and ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` so that all
210
+ targets have a :command:`target_link_libraries` call to
211
+ ``tutorial_compiler_flags``.
212
+
213
+ Build and Run
214
+ -------------
215
+
216
+ Since we have our build directory already configured from Exercise 1, simply
217
+ rebuild our code by calling the following:
218
+
219
+ .. code-block:: console
220
+
221
+ cd Step3_build
222
+ cmake --build .
223
+
224
+ Next, use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and verify that it is working as
225
+ expected.
226
+
227
+ Solution
228
+ --------
229
+
230
+ Let's update our code from the previous step to use interface libraries
231
+ to set our C++ requirements.
232
+
233
+ To start, we need to remove the two :command:`set` calls on the variables
234
+ :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD` and :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED`.
235
+ The specific lines to remove are as follows:
236
+
237
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/CMakeLists.txt
238
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
239
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-CXX_STANDARD-variable-remove
240
+ :language: cmake
241
+ :start-after: # specify the C++ standard
242
+ :end-before: # configure a header file
243
+
244
+ Next, we need to create an interface library, ``tutorial_compiler_flags``. And
245
+ then use :command:`target_compile_features` to add the compiler feature
246
+ ``cxx_std_11``.
247
+
248
+
249
+ .. raw:: html
250
+
251
+ <details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
252
+
253
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
254
+ :caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
255
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-cxx_std-feature
256
+ :language: cmake
257
+ :start-after: # specify the C++ standard
258
+ :end-before: # TODO 2: Create helper
259
+
260
+ .. raw:: html
261
+
262
+ </details>
263
+
264
+ Finally, with our interface library set up, we need to link our
265
+ executable ``Target``, our ``MathFunctions`` library, and our ``SqrtLibrary``
266
+ library to our new
267
+ ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` library. Respectively, the code will look like
268
+ this:
269
+
270
+ .. raw:: html
271
+
272
+ <details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
273
+
274
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/CMakeLists.txt
275
+ :caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
276
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
277
+ :language: cmake
278
+ :start-after: add_executable(Tutorial tutorial.cxx)
279
+ :end-before: # add the binary tree to the search path for include file
280
+
281
+ .. raw:: html
282
+
283
+ </details>
284
+
285
+ this:
286
+
287
+ .. raw:: html
288
+
289
+ <details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
290
+
291
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
292
+ :caption: TODO 6: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
293
+ :name: MathFunctions-CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-step4
294
+ :language: cmake
295
+ :start-after: # link our compiler flags interface library
296
+ :end-before: target_link_libraries(MathFunctions
297
+
298
+ .. raw:: html
299
+
300
+ </details>
301
+
302
+ and this:
303
+
304
+ .. raw:: html
305
+
306
+ <details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
307
+
308
+ .. literalinclude:: Step4/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
309
+ :caption: TODO 7: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
310
+ :name: MathFunctions-SqrtLibrary-target_link_libraries-step4
311
+ :language: cmake
312
+ :start-after: target_link_libraries(SqrtLibrary
313
+ :end-before: endif()
314
+
315
+ .. raw:: html
316
+
317
+ </details>
318
+
319
+
320
+ With this, all of our code still requires C++ 11 to build. Notice
321
+ though that with this method, it gives us the ability to be specific about
322
+ which targets get specific requirements. In addition, we create a single
323
+ source of truth in our interface library.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding a Custom Command and Generated File.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 8: Adding a Custom Command and Generated File
2
+ ==================================================
3
+
4
+ Suppose, for the purpose of this tutorial, we decide that we never want to use
5
+ the platform ``log`` and ``exp`` functions and instead would like to
6
+ generate a table of precomputed values to use in the ``mysqrt`` function.
7
+ In this section, we will create the table as part of the build process,
8
+ and then compile that table into our application.
9
+
10
+ First, let's remove the check for the ``log`` and ``exp`` functions in
11
+ ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``. Then remove the check for ``HAVE_LOG`` and
12
+ ``HAVE_EXP`` from ``mysqrt.cxx``. At the same time, we can remove
13
+ :code:`#include <cmath>`.
14
+
15
+ In the ``MathFunctions`` subdirectory, a new source file named
16
+ ``MakeTable.cxx`` has been provided to generate the table.
17
+
18
+ After reviewing the file, we can see that the table is produced as valid C++
19
+ code and that the output filename is passed in as an argument.
20
+
21
+ The next step is to create ``MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake``. Then, add the
22
+ appropriate commands to the file to build the ``MakeTable`` executable and
23
+ then run it as part of the build process. A few commands are needed to
24
+ accomplish this.
25
+
26
+ First, we add an executable for ``MakeTable``.
27
+
28
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake
29
+ :caption: MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake
30
+ :name: MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake-add_executable-MakeTable
31
+ :language: cmake
32
+ :start-after: # first we add the executable that generates the table
33
+ :end-before: target_link_libraries
34
+
35
+ After creating the executable, we add the ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` to our
36
+ executable using :command:`target_link_libraries`.
37
+
38
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake
39
+ :caption: MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake
40
+ :name: MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake-link-tutorial-compiler-flags
41
+ :language: cmake
42
+ :start-after: add_executable
43
+ :end-before: # add the command to generate
44
+
45
+ Then we add a custom command that specifies how to produce ``Table.h``
46
+ by running MakeTable.
47
+
48
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake
49
+ :caption: MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake
50
+ :name: MathFunctions/MakeTable.cmake-add_custom_command-Table.h
51
+ :language: cmake
52
+ :start-after: # add the command to generate the source code
53
+
54
+ Next we have to let CMake know that ``mysqrt.cxx`` depends on the generated
55
+ file ``Table.h``. This is done by adding the generated ``Table.h`` to the list
56
+ of sources for the library ``SqrtLibrary``.
57
+
58
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
59
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
60
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-add_library-Table.h
61
+ :language: cmake
62
+ :start-after: # library that just does sqrt
63
+ :end-before: # state that we depend on
64
+
65
+ We also have to add the current binary directory to the list of include
66
+ directories so that ``Table.h`` can be found and included by ``mysqrt.cxx``.
67
+
68
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
69
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
70
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories-Table.h
71
+ :language: cmake
72
+ :start-after: # state that we depend on our bin
73
+ :end-before: target_link_libraries
74
+
75
+ As the last step, we need to include
76
+ ``MakeTable.cmake`` at the top of the ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``.
77
+
78
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
79
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
80
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-include-MakeTable.cmake
81
+ :language: cmake
82
+ :start-after: # generate Table.h
83
+ :end-before: # library that just does sqrt
84
+
85
+ Now let's use the generated table. First, modify ``mysqrt.cxx`` to include
86
+ ``Table.h``. Next, we can rewrite the ``mysqrt`` function to use the table:
87
+
88
+ .. literalinclude:: Step9/MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
89
+ :caption: MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
90
+ :name: MathFunctions/mysqrt.cxx
91
+ :language: c++
92
+ :start-after: // a hack square root calculation using simple operations
93
+
94
+ Run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable or the
95
+ :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project and then build it
96
+ with your chosen build tool.
97
+
98
+ When this project is built it will first build the ``MakeTable`` executable.
99
+ It will then run ``MakeTable`` to produce ``Table.h``. Finally, it will
100
+ compile ``mysqrt.cxx`` which includes ``Table.h`` to produce the
101
+ ``MathFunctions`` library.
102
+
103
+ Run the Tutorial executable and verify that it is using the table.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Adding a Library.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,455 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 2: Adding a Library
2
+ ========================
3
+
4
+ At this point, we have seen how to create a basic project using CMake. In this
5
+ step, we will learn how to create and use a library in our project. We will
6
+ also see how to make the use of our library optional.
7
+
8
+ Exercise 1 - Creating a Library
9
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
10
+
11
+ To add a library in CMake, use the :command:`add_library` command and specify
12
+ which source files should make up the library.
13
+
14
+ Rather than placing all of the source files in one directory, we can organize
15
+ our project with one or more subdirectories. In this case, we will create a
16
+ subdirectory specifically for our library. Here, we can add a new
17
+ ``CMakeLists.txt`` file and one or more source files. In the top level
18
+ ``CMakeLists.txt`` file, we will use the :command:`add_subdirectory` command
19
+ to add the subdirectory to the build.
20
+
21
+ Once the library is created, it is connected to our executable target with
22
+ :command:`target_include_directories` and :command:`target_link_libraries`.
23
+
24
+ Goal
25
+ ----
26
+
27
+ Add and use a library.
28
+
29
+ Helpful Resources
30
+ -----------------
31
+
32
+ * :command:`add_library`
33
+ * :command:`add_subdirectory`
34
+ * :command:`target_include_directories`
35
+ * :command:`target_link_libraries`
36
+ * :variable:`PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR`
37
+
38
+ Files to Edit
39
+ -------------
40
+
41
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
42
+ * ``tutorial.cxx``
43
+ * ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
44
+
45
+ Getting Started
46
+ ---------------
47
+
48
+ In this exercise, we will add a library to our project that contains our own
49
+ implementation for computing the square root of a number. The executable can
50
+ then use this library instead of the standard square root function provided by
51
+ the compiler.
52
+
53
+ For this tutorial we will put the library into a subdirectory called
54
+ ``MathFunctions``. This directory already contains the header files
55
+ ``MathFunctions.h`` and ``mysqrt.h``. Their respective source files
56
+ ``MathFunctions.cxx`` and ``mysqrt.cxx`` are also provided. We will not need
57
+ to modify any of these files. ``mysqrt.cxx`` has one function called
58
+ ``mysqrt`` that provides similar functionality to the compiler's ``sqrt``
59
+ function. ``MathFunctions.cxx`` contains one function ``sqrt`` which serves
60
+ to hide the implementation details of ``sqrt``.
61
+
62
+ From the ``Help/guide/tutorial/Step2`` directory, start with ``TODO 1`` and
63
+ complete through ``TODO 6``.
64
+
65
+ First, fill in the one line ``CMakeLists.txt`` in the ``MathFunctions``
66
+ subdirectory.
67
+
68
+ Next, edit the top level ``CMakeLists.txt``.
69
+
70
+ Finally, use the newly created ``MathFunctions`` library in ``tutorial.cxx``
71
+
72
+ Build and Run
73
+ -------------
74
+
75
+ Run the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable or the
76
+ :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project and then build it
77
+ with your chosen build tool.
78
+
79
+ Below is a refresher of what that looks like from the command line:
80
+
81
+ .. code-block:: console
82
+
83
+ mkdir Step2_build
84
+ cd Step2_build
85
+ cmake ../Step2
86
+ cmake --build .
87
+
88
+ Try to use the newly built ``Tutorial`` and ensure that it is still
89
+ producing accurate square root values.
90
+
91
+ Solution
92
+ --------
93
+
94
+ In the ``CMakeLists.txt`` file in the ``MathFunctions`` directory, we create
95
+ a library target called ``MathFunctions`` with :command:`add_library`. The
96
+ source files for the library are passed as an argument to
97
+ :command:`add_library`. This looks like the following line:
98
+
99
+ .. raw:: html/
100
+
101
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
102
+
103
+ .. code-block:: cmake
104
+ :caption: TODO 1: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
105
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-add_library
106
+
107
+ add_library(MathFunctions MathFunctions.cxx mysqrt.cxx)
108
+
109
+ .. raw:: html
110
+
111
+ </details>
112
+
113
+ To make use of the new library we will add an :command:`add_subdirectory`
114
+ call in the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file so that the library will get
115
+ built.
116
+
117
+ .. raw:: html
118
+
119
+ <details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
120
+
121
+ .. code-block:: cmake
122
+ :caption: TODO 2: CMakeLists.txt
123
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-add_subdirectory
124
+
125
+ add_subdirectory(MathFunctions)
126
+
127
+ .. raw:: html
128
+
129
+ </details>
130
+
131
+ Next, the new library target is linked to the executable target using
132
+ :command:`target_link_libraries`.
133
+
134
+ .. raw:: html
135
+
136
+ <details><summary>TODO 3: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
137
+
138
+ .. code-block:: cmake
139
+ :caption: TODO 3: CMakeLists.txt
140
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries
141
+
142
+ target_link_libraries(Tutorial PUBLIC MathFunctions)
143
+
144
+ .. raw:: html
145
+
146
+ </details>
147
+
148
+ Finally we need to specify the library's header file location. Modify
149
+ :command:`target_include_directories` to add the ``MathFunctions`` subdirectory
150
+ as an include directory so that the ``MathFunctions.h`` header file can be
151
+ found.
152
+
153
+ .. raw:: html
154
+
155
+ <details><summary>TODO 4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
156
+
157
+ .. code-block:: cmake
158
+ :caption: TODO 4: CMakeLists.txt
159
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-target_include_directories-step2
160
+
161
+ target_include_directories(Tutorial PUBLIC
162
+ "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}"
163
+ "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/MathFunctions"
164
+ )
165
+
166
+ .. raw:: html
167
+
168
+ </details>
169
+
170
+ Now let's use our library. In ``tutorial.cxx``, include ``MathFunctions.h``:
171
+
172
+ .. raw:: html
173
+
174
+ <details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
175
+
176
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/tutorial.cxx
177
+ :caption: TODO 5: tutorial.cxx
178
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-include-MathFunctions.h
179
+ :language: cmake
180
+ :start-after: #include <string>
181
+ :end-before: #include "TutorialConfig.h"
182
+
183
+ .. raw:: html
184
+
185
+ </details>
186
+
187
+ Lastly, replace ``sqrt`` with our library function ``mathfunctions::mysqrt``.
188
+
189
+ .. raw:: html
190
+
191
+ <details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
192
+
193
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/tutorial.cxx
194
+ :caption: TODO 6: tutorial.cxx
195
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-option
196
+ :language: cmake
197
+ :start-after: const double inputValue = std::stod(argv[1]);
198
+ :end-before: std::cout
199
+
200
+ .. raw:: html
201
+
202
+ </details>
203
+
204
+ Exercise 2 - Adding an Option
205
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
206
+
207
+ Now let us add an option in the MathFunctions library to allow developers to
208
+ select either the custom square root implementation or the built in standard
209
+ implementation. While for the tutorial
210
+ there really isn't any need to do so, for larger projects this is a common
211
+ occurrence.
212
+
213
+ CMake can do this using the :command:`option` command. This gives users a
214
+ variable which they can change when configuring their cmake build. This
215
+ setting will be stored in the cache so that the user does not need to set
216
+ the value each time they run CMake on a build directory.
217
+
218
+ Goal
219
+ ----
220
+
221
+ Add the option to build without ``MathFunctions``.
222
+
223
+
224
+ Helpful Resources
225
+ -----------------
226
+
227
+ * :command:`if`
228
+ * :command:`option`
229
+ * :command:`target_compile_definitions`
230
+
231
+ Files to Edit
232
+ -------------
233
+
234
+ * ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
235
+ * ``MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx``
236
+
237
+ Getting Started
238
+ ---------------
239
+
240
+ Start with the resulting files from Exercise 1. Complete ``TODO 7`` through
241
+ ``TODO 14``.
242
+
243
+ First create a variable ``USE_MYMATH`` using the :command:`option` command
244
+ in ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``. In that same file, use that option
245
+ to pass a compile definition to the ``MathFunctions`` library.
246
+
247
+ Then, update ``MathFunctions.cxx`` to redirect compilation based on
248
+ ``USE_MYMATH``.
249
+
250
+ Lastly, prevent ``mysqrt.cxx`` from being compiled when ``USE_MYMATH`` is on
251
+ by making it its own library inside of the ``USE_MYMATH`` block of
252
+ ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``.
253
+
254
+ Build and Run
255
+ -------------
256
+
257
+ Since we have our build directory already configured from Exercise 1, we can
258
+ rebuild by simply calling the following:
259
+
260
+ .. code-block:: console
261
+
262
+ cd ../Step2_build
263
+ cmake --build .
264
+
265
+ Next, run the ``Tutorial`` executable on a few numbers to verify that it's
266
+ still correct.
267
+
268
+ Now let's update the value of ``USE_MYMATH`` to ``OFF``. The easiest way is to
269
+ use the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` or :manual:`ccmake <ccmake(1)>`
270
+ if you're in the terminal. Or, alternatively, if you want to change the
271
+ option from the command-line, try:
272
+
273
+ .. code-block:: console
274
+
275
+ cmake ../Step2 -DUSE_MYMATH=OFF
276
+
277
+ Now, rebuild the code with the following:
278
+
279
+ .. code-block:: console
280
+
281
+ cmake --build .
282
+
283
+ Then, run the executable again to ensure that it still works with
284
+ ``USE_MYMATH`` set to ``OFF``. Which function gives better results, ``sqrt``
285
+ or ``mysqrt``?
286
+
287
+ Solution
288
+ --------
289
+
290
+ The first step is to add an option to ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``.
291
+ This option will be displayed in the :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` and
292
+ :manual:`ccmake <ccmake(1)>` with a default value of ``ON`` that can be
293
+ changed by the user.
294
+
295
+ .. raw:: html
296
+
297
+ <details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
298
+
299
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
300
+ :caption: TODO 7: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
301
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-option-library-level
302
+ :language: cmake
303
+ :start-after: # should we use our own math functions
304
+ :end-before: if (USE_MYMATH)
305
+
306
+ .. raw:: html
307
+
308
+ </details>
309
+
310
+ Next, make building and linking our library with ``mysqrt`` function
311
+ conditional using this new option.
312
+
313
+ Create an :command:`if` statement which checks the value of
314
+ ``USE_MYMATH``. Inside the :command:`if` block, put the
315
+ :command:`target_compile_definitions` command with the compile
316
+ definition ``USE_MYMATH``.
317
+
318
+ .. raw:: html
319
+
320
+ <details><summary>TODO 8: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
321
+
322
+ .. code-block:: cmake
323
+ :caption: TODO 8: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
324
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-USE_MYMATH
325
+
326
+ if (USE_MYMATH)
327
+ target_compile_definitions(MathFunctions PRIVATE "USE_MYMATH")
328
+ endif()
329
+
330
+ .. raw:: html
331
+
332
+ </details>
333
+
334
+ When ``USE_MYMATH`` is ``ON``, the compile definition ``USE_MYMATH`` will
335
+ be set. We can then use this compile definition to enable or disable
336
+ sections of our source code.
337
+
338
+ The corresponding changes to the source code are fairly straightforward.
339
+ In ``MathFunctions.cxx``, we make ``USE_MYMATH`` control which square root
340
+ function is used:
341
+
342
+ .. raw:: html
343
+
344
+ <details><summary>TODO 9: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
345
+
346
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx
347
+ :caption: TODO 9: MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx
348
+ :name: MathFunctions-USE_MYMATH-if
349
+ :language: c++
350
+ :start-after: which square root function should we use?
351
+ :end-before: }
352
+
353
+ .. raw:: html
354
+
355
+ </details>
356
+
357
+ Next, we need to include ``mysqrt.h`` if ``USE_MYMATH`` is defined.
358
+
359
+ .. raw:: html
360
+
361
+ <details><summary>TODO 10: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
362
+
363
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx
364
+ :caption: TODO 10: MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx
365
+ :name: MathFunctions-USE_MYMATH-if-include
366
+ :language: c++
367
+ :start-after: include <cmath>
368
+ :end-before: namespace mathfunctions
369
+
370
+ .. raw:: html
371
+
372
+ </details>
373
+
374
+ Finally, we need to include ``cmath`` now that we are using ``std::sqrt``.
375
+
376
+ .. raw:: html
377
+
378
+ <details><summary>TODO 11: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
379
+
380
+ .. code-block:: c++
381
+ :caption: TODO 11 : MathFunctions/MathFunctions.cxx
382
+ :name: tutorial.cxx-include_cmath
383
+
384
+ #include <cmath>
385
+
386
+ .. raw:: html
387
+
388
+ </details>
389
+
390
+ At this point, if ``USE_MYMATH`` is ``OFF``, ``mysqrt.cxx`` would not be used
391
+ but it will still be compiled because the ``MathFunctions`` target has
392
+ ``mysqrt.cxx`` listed under sources.
393
+
394
+ There are a few ways to fix this. The first option is to use
395
+ :command:`target_sources` to add ``mysqrt.cxx`` from within the ``USE_MYMATH``
396
+ block. Another option is to create an additional library within the
397
+ ``USE_MYMATH`` block which is responsible for compiling ``mysqrt.cxx``. For
398
+ the sake of this tutorial, we are going to create an additional library.
399
+
400
+ First, from within ``USE_MYMATH`` create a library called ``SqrtLibrary``
401
+ that has sources ``mysqrt.cxx``.
402
+
403
+ .. raw:: html
404
+
405
+ <details><summary>TODO 12: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
406
+
407
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
408
+ :caption: TODO 12 : MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
409
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-add_library-SqrtLibrary
410
+ :language: cmake
411
+ :start-after: # library that just does sqrt
412
+ :end-before: # TODO 7: Link
413
+
414
+ .. raw:: html
415
+
416
+ </details>
417
+
418
+ Next, we link ``SqrtLibrary`` onto ``MathFunctions`` when ``USE_MYMATH`` is
419
+ enabled.
420
+
421
+ .. raw:: html
422
+
423
+ <details><summary>TODO 13: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
424
+
425
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
426
+ :caption: TODO 13 : MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
427
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-target_link_libraries-SqrtLibrary
428
+ :language: cmake
429
+ :start-after: to tutorial_compiler_flags
430
+ :end-before: endif()
431
+
432
+ .. raw:: html
433
+
434
+ </details>
435
+
436
+ Finally, we can remove ``mysqrt.cxx`` from our ``MathFunctions`` library
437
+ source list because it will be pulled in when ``SqrtLibrary`` is included.
438
+
439
+ .. raw:: html
440
+
441
+ <details><summary>TODO 14: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
442
+
443
+ .. literalinclude:: Step3/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
444
+ :caption: TODO 14 : MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
445
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-remove-mysqrt.cxx-MathFunctions
446
+ :language: cmake
447
+ :end-before: # TODO 1:
448
+
449
+ .. raw:: html
450
+
451
+ </details>
452
+
453
+ With these changes, the ``mysqrt`` function is now completely optional to
454
+ whoever is building and using the ``MathFunctions`` library. Users can toggle
455
+ ``USE_MYMATH`` to manipulate what library is used in the build.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Installing and Testing.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 5: Installing and Testing
2
+ ==============================
3
+
4
+ Exercise 1 - Install Rules
5
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
6
+
7
+ Often, it is not enough to only build an executable, it should also be
8
+ installable. With CMake, we can specify install rules using the
9
+ :command:`install` command. Supporting local installations for your builds in
10
+ CMake is often as simple as specifying an install location and the targets and
11
+ files to be installed.
12
+
13
+ Goal
14
+ ----
15
+
16
+ Install the ``Tutorial`` executable and the ``MathFunctions`` library.
17
+
18
+ Helpful Materials
19
+ -----------------
20
+
21
+ * :command:`install`
22
+
23
+ Files to Edit
24
+ -------------
25
+
26
+ * ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
27
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
28
+
29
+ Getting Started
30
+ ---------------
31
+
32
+ The starting code is provided in the ``Step5`` directory. In this
33
+ exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 4``.
34
+
35
+ First, update ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` to install the
36
+ ``MathFunctions`` and ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` libraries to the ``lib``
37
+ directory. In that same file, specify the install rules needed to install
38
+ ``MathFunctions.h`` to the ``include`` directory.
39
+
40
+ Then, update the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` to install
41
+ the ``Tutorial`` executable to the ``bin`` directory. Lastly, any header files
42
+ should be installed to the ``include`` directory. Remember that
43
+ ``TutorialConfig.h`` is in the :variable:`PROJECT_BINARY_DIR`.
44
+
45
+ Build and Run
46
+ -------------
47
+
48
+ Make a new directory called ``Step5_build``. Run the
49
+ :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable or the
50
+ :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project and then build it
51
+ with your chosen build tool.
52
+
53
+ Then, run the install step by using the :option:`--install <cmake --install>`
54
+ option of the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` command (introduced in 3.15, older
55
+ versions of CMake must use ``make install``) from the command line. This step
56
+ will install the appropriate header files, libraries, and executables.
57
+ For example:
58
+
59
+ .. code-block:: console
60
+
61
+ cmake --install .
62
+
63
+ For multi-configuration tools, don't forget to use the
64
+ :option:`--config <cmake--build --config>` argument to specify the configuration.
65
+
66
+ .. code-block:: console
67
+
68
+ cmake --install . --config Release
69
+
70
+ If using an IDE, simply build the ``INSTALL`` target. You can build the same
71
+ install target from the command line like the following:
72
+
73
+ .. code-block:: console
74
+
75
+ cmake --build . --target install --config Debug
76
+
77
+ The CMake variable :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` is used to determine the
78
+ root of where the files will be installed. If using the :option:`cmake --install`
79
+ command, the installation prefix can be overridden via the
80
+ :option:`--prefix <cmake--install --prefix>` argument. For example:
81
+
82
+ .. code-block:: console
83
+
84
+ cmake --install . --prefix "/home/myuser/installdir"
85
+
86
+ Navigate to the install directory and verify that the installed ``Tutorial``
87
+ runs.
88
+
89
+ Solution
90
+ --------
91
+
92
+ The install rules for our project are fairly simple:
93
+
94
+ * For ``MathFunctions``, we want to install the libraries and header file to
95
+ the ``lib`` and ``include`` directories respectively.
96
+
97
+ * For the ``Tutorial`` executable, we want to install the executable and
98
+ configured header file to the ``bin`` and ``include`` directories
99
+ respectively.
100
+
101
+ So to the end of ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` we add:
102
+
103
+ .. raw:: html
104
+
105
+ <details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
106
+
107
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
108
+ :caption: TODO 1: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
109
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-install-TARGETS
110
+ :language: cmake
111
+ :start-after: # install libs
112
+ :end-before: # install include headers
113
+
114
+ .. raw:: html
115
+
116
+ </details>
117
+
118
+ and
119
+
120
+ .. raw:: html
121
+
122
+ <details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
123
+
124
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
125
+ :caption: TODO 2: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
126
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-install-headers
127
+ :language: cmake
128
+ :start-after: # install include headers
129
+
130
+ .. raw:: html
131
+
132
+ </details>
133
+
134
+ The install rules for the ``Tutorial`` executable and configured header file
135
+ are similar. To the end of the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt`` we add:
136
+
137
+ .. raw:: html
138
+
139
+ <details><summary>TODO 3,4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
140
+
141
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
142
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
143
+ :name: TODO 3,4: CMakeLists.txt-install-TARGETS
144
+ :language: cmake
145
+ :start-after: # add the install targets
146
+ :end-before: # TODO 1: Replace enable_testing() with include(CTest)
147
+
148
+ .. raw:: html
149
+
150
+ </details>
151
+
152
+ That is all that is needed to create a basic local
153
+ install of the tutorial.
154
+
155
+ .. _`Tutorial Testing Support`:
156
+
157
+ Exercise 2 - Testing Support
158
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
159
+
160
+ CTest offers a way to easily manage tests for your project. Tests can be
161
+ added through the :command:`add_test` command. Although it is not
162
+ explicitly covered in this tutorial, there is a lot of compatibility
163
+ between CTest and other testing frameworks such as :module:`GoogleTest`.
164
+
165
+ Goal
166
+ ----
167
+
168
+ Create unit tests for our executable using CTest.
169
+
170
+ Helpful Materials
171
+ -----------------
172
+
173
+ * :command:`enable_testing`
174
+ * :command:`add_test`
175
+ * :command:`function`
176
+ * :command:`set_tests_properties`
177
+ * :manual:`ctest <ctest(1)>`
178
+
179
+ Files to Edit
180
+ -------------
181
+
182
+ * ``CMakeLists.txt``
183
+
184
+ Getting Started
185
+ ---------------
186
+
187
+ The starting source code is provided in the ``Step5`` directory. In this
188
+ exercise, complete ``TODO 5`` through ``TODO 9``.
189
+
190
+ First, we need to enable testing. Next, begin adding tests to our project
191
+ using :command:`add_test`. We will work through adding 3 simple tests and
192
+ then you can add additional testing as you see fit.
193
+
194
+ Build and Run
195
+ -------------
196
+
197
+ Navigate to the build directory and rebuild the application. Then, run the
198
+ :program:`ctest` executable: :option:`ctest -N` and :option:`ctest -VV`. For
199
+ multi-config generators (e.g. Visual Studio), the configuration type must be
200
+ specified with the :option:`-C \<mode\> <ctest -C>` flag. For example, to run tests in Debug
201
+ mode use ``ctest -C Debug -VV`` from the build directory
202
+ (not the Debug subdirectory!). Release mode would be executed from the same
203
+ location but with a ``-C Release``. Alternatively, build the ``RUN_TESTS``
204
+ target from the IDE.
205
+
206
+ Solution
207
+ --------
208
+
209
+ Let's test our application. At the end of the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt``
210
+ file we first need to enable testing with the
211
+ :command:`enable_testing` command.
212
+
213
+ .. raw:: html
214
+
215
+ <details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
216
+
217
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
218
+ :caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
219
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-enable_testing
220
+ :language: cmake
221
+ :start-after: # enable testing
222
+ :end-before: # does the application run
223
+
224
+ .. raw:: html
225
+
226
+ </details>
227
+
228
+ With testing enabled, we will add a number of basic tests to verify
229
+ that the application is working correctly. First, we create a test using
230
+ :command:`add_test` which runs the ``Tutorial`` executable with the
231
+ parameter 25 passed in. For this test, we are not going to check the
232
+ executable's computed answer. This test will verify that
233
+ application runs, does not segfault or otherwise crash, and has a zero
234
+ return value. This is the basic form of a CTest test.
235
+
236
+ .. raw:: html
237
+
238
+ <details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
239
+
240
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
241
+ :caption: TODO 6: CMakeLists.txt
242
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-test-runs
243
+ :language: cmake
244
+ :start-after: # does the application run
245
+ :end-before: # does the usage message work
246
+
247
+ .. raw:: html
248
+
249
+ </details>
250
+
251
+ Next, let's use the :prop_test:`PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION` test property to
252
+ verify that the output of the test contains certain strings. In this case,
253
+ verifying that the usage message is printed when an incorrect number of
254
+ arguments are provided.
255
+
256
+ .. raw:: html
257
+
258
+ <details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
259
+
260
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
261
+ :caption: TODO 7: CMakeLists.txt
262
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-test-usage
263
+ :language: cmake
264
+ :start-after: # does the usage message work?
265
+ :end-before: # define a function to simplify adding tests
266
+
267
+ .. raw:: html
268
+
269
+ </details>
270
+
271
+ The next test we will add verifies the computed value is truly the
272
+ square root.
273
+
274
+ .. raw:: html
275
+
276
+ <details><summary>TODO 8: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
277
+
278
+ .. code-block:: cmake
279
+ :caption: TODO 8: CMakeLists.txt
280
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-test-standard
281
+
282
+ add_test(NAME StandardUse COMMAND Tutorial 4)
283
+ set_tests_properties(StandardUse
284
+ PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "4 is 2"
285
+ )
286
+
287
+ .. raw:: html
288
+
289
+ </details>
290
+
291
+ This one test is not enough to give us confidence that it will
292
+ work for all values passed in. We should add more tests to verify this.
293
+ To easily add more tests, we make a function called ``do_test`` that runs the
294
+ application and verifies that the computed square root is correct for
295
+ given input. For each invocation of ``do_test``, another test is added to
296
+ the project with a name, input, and expected results based on the passed
297
+ arguments.
298
+
299
+ .. raw:: html
300
+
301
+ <details><summary>TODO 9: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
302
+
303
+ .. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
304
+ :caption: TODO 9: CMakeLists.txt
305
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-generalized-tests
306
+ :language: cmake
307
+ :start-after: # define a function to simplify adding tests
308
+
309
+ .. raw:: html
310
+
311
+ </details>
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Packaging Debug and Release.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 12: Packaging Debug and Release
2
+ ====================================
3
+
4
+ **Note:** This example is valid for single-configuration generators and will
5
+ not work for multi-configuration generators (e.g. Visual Studio).
6
+
7
+ By default, CMake's model is that a build directory only contains a single
8
+ configuration, be it Debug, Release, MinSizeRel, or RelWithDebInfo. It is
9
+ possible, however, to setup CPack to bundle multiple build directories and
10
+ construct a package that contains multiple configurations of the same project.
11
+
12
+ First, we want to ensure that the debug and release builds use different names
13
+ for the libraries that will be installed. Let's use `d` as the
14
+ postfix for the debug libraries.
15
+
16
+ Set :variable:`CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX` near the beginning of the top-level
17
+ ``CMakeLists.txt`` file:
18
+
19
+ .. literalinclude:: Complete/CMakeLists.txt
20
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
21
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-CMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX-variable
22
+ :language: cmake
23
+ :start-after: project(Tutorial VERSION 1.0)
24
+ :end-before: target_compile_features(tutorial_compiler_flags
25
+
26
+ And the :prop_tgt:`DEBUG_POSTFIX` property on the tutorial executable:
27
+
28
+ .. literalinclude:: Complete/CMakeLists.txt
29
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
30
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-DEBUG_POSTFIX-property
31
+ :language: cmake
32
+ :start-after: # add the executable
33
+ :end-before: # add the binary tree to the search path for include files
34
+
35
+ Let's also add version numbering to the ``MathFunctions`` library. In
36
+ ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``, set the :prop_tgt:`VERSION` and
37
+ :prop_tgt:`SOVERSION` properties:
38
+
39
+ .. literalinclude:: Complete/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
40
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
41
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-VERSION-properties
42
+ :language: cmake
43
+ :start-after: # setup the version numbering
44
+ :end-before: # install libs
45
+
46
+ From the ``Step12`` directory, create ``debug`` and ``release``
47
+ subdirectories. The layout will look like:
48
+
49
+ .. code-block:: none
50
+
51
+ - Step12
52
+ - debug
53
+ - release
54
+
55
+ Now we need to setup debug and release builds. We can use
56
+ :variable:`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` to set the configuration type:
57
+
58
+ .. code-block:: console
59
+
60
+ cd debug
61
+ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ..
62
+ cmake --build .
63
+ cd ../release
64
+ cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ..
65
+ cmake --build .
66
+
67
+ Now that both the debug and release builds are complete, we can use a custom
68
+ configuration file to package both builds into a single release. In the
69
+ ``Step12`` directory, create a file called ``MultiCPackConfig.cmake``. In this
70
+ file, first include the default configuration file that was created by the
71
+ :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable.
72
+
73
+ Next, use the ``CPACK_INSTALL_CMAKE_PROJECTS`` variable to specify which
74
+ projects to install. In this case, we want to install both debug and release.
75
+
76
+ .. literalinclude:: Complete/MultiCPackConfig.cmake
77
+ :caption: MultiCPackConfig.cmake
78
+ :name: MultiCPackConfig.cmake
79
+ :language: cmake
80
+
81
+ From the ``Step12`` directory, run :manual:`cpack <cpack(1)>` specifying our
82
+ custom configuration file with the ``config`` option:
83
+
84
+ .. code-block:: console
85
+
86
+ cpack --config MultiCPackConfig.cmake
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Packaging an Installer.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 9: Packaging an Installer
2
+ ==============================
3
+
4
+ Next suppose that we want to distribute our project to other people so that
5
+ they can use it. We want to provide both binary and source distributions on a
6
+ variety of platforms. This is a little different from the install we did
7
+ previously in :guide:`tutorial/Installing and Testing`, where we were
8
+ installing the binaries that we had built from the source code. In this
9
+ example we will be building installation packages that support binary
10
+ installations and package management features. To accomplish this we will use
11
+ CPack to create platform specific installers. Specifically we need to add a
12
+ few lines to the bottom of our top-level ``CMakeLists.txt`` file.
13
+
14
+ .. literalinclude:: Step10/CMakeLists.txt
15
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
16
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-include-CPack
17
+ :language: cmake
18
+ :start-after: # setup installer
19
+
20
+ That is all there is to it. We start by including
21
+ :module:`InstallRequiredSystemLibraries`. This module will include any runtime
22
+ libraries that are needed by the project for the current platform. Next we set
23
+ some CPack variables to where we have stored the license and version
24
+ information for this project. The version information was set earlier in this
25
+ tutorial and the ``License.txt`` has been included in the top-level source
26
+ directory for this step. The :variable:`CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR` variable
27
+ selects a file format for the source package.
28
+
29
+ Finally we include the :module:`CPack module <CPack>` which will use these
30
+ variables and some other properties of the current system to setup an
31
+ installer.
32
+
33
+ The next step is to build the project in the usual manner and then run the
34
+ :manual:`cpack <cpack(1)>` executable. To build a binary distribution, from the
35
+ binary directory run:
36
+
37
+ .. code-block:: console
38
+
39
+ cpack
40
+
41
+ To specify the generator, use the :option:`-G <cpack -G>` option. For multi-config builds,
42
+ use :option:`-C <cpack -C>` to specify the configuration. For example:
43
+
44
+ .. code-block:: console
45
+
46
+ cpack -G ZIP -C Debug
47
+
48
+ For a list of available generators, see :manual:`cpack-generators(7)` or call
49
+ :option:`cpack --help`. An :cpack_gen:`archive generator <CPack Archive Generator>`
50
+ like ZIP creates a compressed archive of all *installed* files.
51
+
52
+ To create an archive of the *full* source tree you would type:
53
+
54
+ .. code-block:: console
55
+
56
+ cpack --config CPackSourceConfig.cmake
57
+
58
+ Alternatively, run ``make package`` or right click the ``Package`` target and
59
+ ``Build Project`` from an IDE.
60
+
61
+ Run the installer found in the binary directory. Then run the installed
62
+ executable and verify that it works.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/Selecting Static or Shared Libraries.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Step 10: Selecting Static or Shared Libraries
2
+ =============================================
3
+
4
+ In this section we will show how the :variable:`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS` variable can
5
+ be used to control the default behavior of :command:`add_library`,
6
+ and allow control over how libraries without an explicit type (``STATIC``,
7
+ ``SHARED``, ``MODULE`` or ``OBJECT``) are built.
8
+
9
+ To accomplish this we need to add :variable:`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS` to the
10
+ top-level ``CMakeLists.txt``. We use the :command:`option` command as it allows
11
+ users to optionally select if the value should be ``ON`` or ``OFF``.
12
+
13
+ .. literalinclude:: Step11/CMakeLists.txt
14
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
15
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-option-BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
16
+ :language: cmake
17
+ :start-after: set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY
18
+ :end-before: # configure a header file to pass the version number only
19
+
20
+ Next, we need to specify output directories for our static and shared
21
+ libraries.
22
+
23
+ .. literalinclude:: Step11/CMakeLists.txt
24
+ :caption: CMakeLists.txt
25
+ :name: CMakeLists.txt-cmake-output-directories
26
+ :language: cmake
27
+ :start-after: # we don't need to tinker with the path to run the executable
28
+ :end-before: # configure a header file to pass the version number only
29
+
30
+ Finally, update ``MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h`` to use dll export defines:
31
+
32
+ .. literalinclude:: Step11/MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h
33
+ :caption: MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h
34
+ :name: MathFunctions/MathFunctions.h
35
+ :language: c++
36
+
37
+ At this point, if you build everything, you may notice that linking fails
38
+ as we are combining a static library without position independent code with a
39
+ library that has position independent code. The solution to this is to
40
+ explicitly set the :prop_tgt:`POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE` target property of
41
+ SqrtLibrary to be ``True`` when building shared libraries.
42
+
43
+ .. literalinclude:: Step11/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
44
+ :caption: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
45
+ :name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE
46
+ :language: cmake
47
+ :lines: 37-42
48
+
49
+ **Exercise**: We modified ``MathFunctions.h`` to use dll export defines.
50
+ Using CMake documentation can you find a helper module to simplify this?
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/tutorial/index.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ CMake Tutorial
2
+ **************
3
+
4
+ Introduction
5
+ ============
6
+
7
+ The CMake tutorial provides a step-by-step guide that covers common build
8
+ system issues that CMake helps address. Seeing how various topics all
9
+ work together in an example project can be very helpful.
10
+
11
+ Steps
12
+ =====
13
+
14
+ .. include:: source.txt
15
+
16
+ |tutorial_source|
17
+ Each step has its own subdirectory containing code that may be used as a
18
+ starting point. The tutorial examples are progressive so that each step
19
+ provides the complete solution for the previous step.
20
+
21
+ .. toctree::
22
+ :maxdepth: 2
23
+
24
+ A Basic Starting Point
25
+ Adding a Library
26
+ Adding Usage Requirements for a Library
27
+ Adding Generator Expressions
28
+ Installing and Testing
29
+ Adding Support for a Testing Dashboard
30
+ Adding System Introspection
31
+ Adding a Custom Command and Generated File
32
+ Packaging an Installer
33
+ Selecting Static or Shared Libraries
34
+ Adding Export Configuration
35
+ Packaging Debug and Release
36
+
37
+ ..
38
+ Whenever a step above is renamed or removed, leave forwarding text in
39
+ its original document file, and list it below to preserve old links
40
+ to cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/ URLs.
41
+
42
+ .. toctree::
43
+ :maxdepth: 1
44
+ :hidden:
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/user-interaction/index.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,772 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ User Interaction Guide
2
+ **********************
3
+
4
+ .. only:: html
5
+
6
+ .. contents::
7
+
8
+ Introduction
9
+ ============
10
+
11
+ Where a software package supplies a CMake-based buildsystem
12
+ with the source of their software, the consumer of the
13
+ software is required to run a CMake user interaction tool
14
+ in order to build it.
15
+
16
+ Well-behaved CMake-based buildsystems do not create any
17
+ output in the source directory, so typically, the user
18
+ performs an out-of-source build and performs the build
19
+ there. First, CMake must be instructed to generate a
20
+ suitable buildsystem, then the user invokes a build tool
21
+ to process that generated buildsystem. The generated
22
+ buildsystem is specific to the machine used to generate
23
+ it and is not redistributable. Each consumer of a provided
24
+ source software package is required to use CMake to
25
+ generate a buildsystem specific to their system.
26
+
27
+ Generated buildsystems should generally be treated as
28
+ read-only. The CMake files as a primary artifact should
29
+ completely specify the buildsystem and there should be no
30
+ reason to populate properties manually in an IDE for
31
+ example after generating the buildsystem. CMake will
32
+ periodically rewrite the generated buildsystem, so
33
+ modifications by users will be overwritten.
34
+
35
+ The features and user interfaces described in this manual
36
+ are available for all CMake-based build systems by virtue
37
+ of providing CMake files.
38
+
39
+ The CMake tooling may report errors to the user when
40
+ processing provided CMake files, such as reporting that
41
+ the compiler is not supported, or the compiler does not
42
+ support a required compile option, or a dependency can
43
+ not be found. These errors must be resolved by the user
44
+ by choosing a different compiler,
45
+ :guide:`installing dependencies <Using Dependencies Guide>`,
46
+ or instructing CMake where to find them, etc.
47
+
48
+ Command Line cmake tool
49
+ -----------------------
50
+
51
+ A simple but typical use of :manual:`cmake(1)` with a fresh
52
+ copy of software source code is to create a build directory
53
+ and invoke cmake there:
54
+
55
+ .. code-block:: console
56
+
57
+ $ cd some_software-1.4.2
58
+ $ mkdir build
59
+ $ cd build
60
+ $ cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/opt/the/prefix
61
+ $ cmake --build .
62
+ $ cmake --build . --target install
63
+
64
+ It is recommended to build in a separate directory to the
65
+ source because that keeps the source directory pristine,
66
+ allows for building a single source with multiple
67
+ toolchains, and allows easy clearing of build artifacts by
68
+ simply deleting the build directory.
69
+
70
+ The CMake tooling may report warnings which are intended
71
+ for the provider of the software, not intended for the
72
+ consumer of the software. Such warnings end with "This
73
+ warning is for project developers". Users may disable
74
+ such warnings by passing the :option:`-Wno-dev <cmake -Wno-dev>`
75
+ flag to :manual:`cmake(1)`.
76
+
77
+ cmake-gui tool
78
+ --------------
79
+
80
+ Users more accustomed to GUI interfaces may use the
81
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` tool to invoke CMake and generate
82
+ a buildsystem.
83
+
84
+ The source and binary directories must first be
85
+ populated. It is always advised to use different
86
+ directories for the source and the build.
87
+
88
+ .. image:: GUI-Source-Binary.png
89
+ :alt: Choosing source and binary directories
90
+
91
+ Generating a Buildsystem
92
+ ========================
93
+
94
+ There are several user interface tools which may be used
95
+ to generate a buildsystem from CMake files. The
96
+ :manual:`ccmake(1)` and :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` tools guide
97
+ the user through setting the various necessary options.
98
+ The :manual:`cmake(1)` tool can be invoked to specify
99
+ options on the command line. This manual describes options
100
+ which may be set using any of the user interface tools,
101
+ though the mode of setting an option is different for each
102
+ tool.
103
+
104
+ Command line environment
105
+ ------------------------
106
+
107
+ When invoking :manual:`cmake(1)` with a command line
108
+ buildsystem such as ``Makefiles`` or ``Ninja``, it is
109
+ necessary to use the correct build environment to
110
+ ensure that build tools are available. CMake must be
111
+ able to find the appropriate
112
+ :variable:`build tool <CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM>`,
113
+ compiler, linker and other tools as needed.
114
+
115
+ On Linux systems, the appropriate tools are often
116
+ provided in system-wide locations and may be readily
117
+ installed through the system package manager. Other
118
+ toolchains provided by the user or installed in
119
+ non-default locations can also be used.
120
+
121
+ When cross-compiling, some platforms may require
122
+ environment variables to be set or may provide
123
+ scripts to set the environment.
124
+
125
+ Visual Studio ships multiple command prompts and
126
+ ``vcvarsall.bat`` scripts for setting up the
127
+ correct environments for command line buildsystems. While
128
+ not strictly necessary to use a corresponding
129
+ command line environment when using a Visual Studio
130
+ generator, doing so has no disadvantages.
131
+
132
+ When using Xcode, there can be more than one Xcode
133
+ version installed. Which one to use can be selected
134
+ in a number of different ways, but the most common
135
+ methods are:
136
+
137
+ * Setting the default version in the preferences
138
+ of the Xcode IDE.
139
+ * Setting the default version via the ``xcode-select``
140
+ command line tool.
141
+ * Overriding the default version by setting the
142
+ ``DEVELOPER_DIR`` environment variable when running
143
+ CMake and the build tool.
144
+
145
+ For convenience, :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` provides an
146
+ environment variable editor.
147
+
148
+ Command line ``-G`` option
149
+ --------------------------
150
+
151
+ CMake chooses a generator by default based on the
152
+ platform. Usually, the default generator is sufficient
153
+ to allow the user to proceed to build the software.
154
+
155
+ The user may override the default generator with
156
+ the :option:`-G <cmake -G>` option:
157
+
158
+ .. code-block:: console
159
+
160
+ $ cmake .. -G Ninja
161
+
162
+ The output of :option:`cmake --help` includes a list of
163
+ :manual:`generators <cmake-generators(7)>` available
164
+ for the user to choose from. Note that generator
165
+ names are case sensitive.
166
+
167
+ On Unix-like systems (including Mac OS X), the
168
+ :generator:`Unix Makefiles` generator is used by
169
+ default. A variant of that generator can also be used
170
+ on Windows in various environments, such as the
171
+ :generator:`NMake Makefiles` and
172
+ :generator:`MinGW Makefiles` generator. These generators
173
+ generate a ``Makefile`` variant which can be executed
174
+ with ``make``, ``gmake``, ``nmake`` or similar tools.
175
+ See the individual generator documentation for more
176
+ information on targeted environments and tools.
177
+
178
+ The :generator:`Ninja` generator is available on all
179
+ major platforms. ``ninja`` is a build tool similar
180
+ in use-cases to ``make``, but with a focus on
181
+ performance and efficiency.
182
+
183
+ On Windows, :manual:`cmake(1)` can be used to generate
184
+ solutions for the Visual Studio IDE. Visual Studio
185
+ versions may be specified by the product name of the
186
+ IDE, which includes a four-digit year. Aliases are
187
+ provided for other means by which Visual Studio
188
+ versions are sometimes referred to, such as two
189
+ digits which correspond to the product version of the
190
+ VisualC++ compiler, or a combination of the two:
191
+
192
+ .. code-block:: console
193
+
194
+ $ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 2019"
195
+ $ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 16"
196
+ $ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 16 2019"
197
+
198
+ Visual Studio generators can target different architectures.
199
+ One can specify the target architecture using the
200
+ :option:`-A <cmake -A>` option:
201
+
202
+ .. code-block:: console
203
+
204
+ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 2019" -A x64
205
+ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 16" -A ARM
206
+ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A ARM64
207
+
208
+ On Apple, the :generator:`Xcode` generator may be used to
209
+ generate project files for the Xcode IDE.
210
+
211
+ Some IDEs such as KDevelop4, QtCreator and CLion have
212
+ native support for CMake-based buildsystems. Those IDEs
213
+ provide user interface for selecting an underlying
214
+ generator to use, typically a choice between a ``Makefile``
215
+ or a ``Ninja`` based generator.
216
+
217
+ Note that it is not possible to change the generator
218
+ with :option:`-G <cmake -G>` after the first invocation of CMake.
219
+ To change the generator, the build directory must be
220
+ deleted and the build must be started from scratch.
221
+
222
+ When generating Visual Studio project and solutions
223
+ files several other options are available to use when
224
+ initially running :manual:`cmake(1)`.
225
+
226
+ The Visual Studio toolset can be specified with the
227
+ :option:`cmake -T` option:
228
+
229
+ .. code-block:: console
230
+
231
+ $ # Build with the clang-cl toolset
232
+ $ cmake.exe .. -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A x64 -T ClangCL
233
+ $ # Build targeting Windows XP
234
+ $ cmake.exe .. -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A x64 -T v120_xp
235
+
236
+ Whereas the :option:`-A <cmake -A>` option specifies the _target_
237
+ architecture, the :option:`-T <cmake -T>` option can be used to specify
238
+ details of the toolchain used. For example, ``-Thost=x64``
239
+ can be given to select the 64-bit version of the host
240
+ tools. The following demonstrates how to use 64-bit
241
+ tools and also build for a 64-bit target architecture:
242
+
243
+ .. code-block:: console
244
+
245
+ $ cmake .. -G "Visual Studio 16 2019" -A x64 -Thost=x64
246
+
247
+ Choosing a generator in cmake-gui
248
+ ---------------------------------
249
+
250
+ The "Configure" button triggers a new dialog to
251
+ select the CMake generator to use.
252
+
253
+ .. image:: GUI-Configure-Dialog.png
254
+ :alt: Configuring a generator
255
+
256
+ All generators available on the command line are also
257
+ available in :manual:`cmake-gui(1)`.
258
+
259
+ .. image:: GUI-Choose-Generator.png
260
+ :alt: Choosing a generator
261
+
262
+ When choosing a Visual Studio generator, further options
263
+ are available to set an architecture to generate for.
264
+
265
+ .. image:: VS-Choose-Arch.png
266
+ :alt: Choosing an architecture for Visual Studio generators
267
+
268
+ .. _`Setting Build Variables`:
269
+
270
+ Setting Build Variables
271
+ =======================
272
+
273
+ Software projects often require variables to be
274
+ set on the command line when invoking CMake. Some of
275
+ the most commonly used CMake variables are listed in
276
+ the table below:
277
+
278
+ ========================================== ============================================================
279
+ Variable Meaning
280
+ ========================================== ============================================================
281
+ :variable:`CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` Path to search for
282
+ :guide:`dependent packages <Using Dependencies Guide>`
283
+ :variable:`CMAKE_MODULE_PATH` Path to search for additional CMake modules
284
+ :variable:`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` Build configuration, such as
285
+ ``Debug`` or ``Release``, determining
286
+ debug/optimization flags. This is only
287
+ relevant for single-configuration buildsystems such
288
+ as ``Makefile`` and ``Ninja``. Multi-configuration
289
+ buildsystems such as those for Visual Studio and Xcode
290
+ ignore this setting.
291
+ :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` Location to install the
292
+ software to with the
293
+ ``install`` build target
294
+ :variable:`CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE` File containing cross-compiling
295
+ data such as
296
+ :manual:`toolchains and sysroots <cmake-toolchains(7)>`.
297
+ :variable:`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS` Whether to build shared
298
+ instead of static libraries
299
+ for :command:`add_library`
300
+ commands used without a type
301
+ :variable:`CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS` Generate a ``compile_commands.json``
302
+ file for use with clang-based tools
303
+ ========================================== ============================================================
304
+
305
+ Other project-specific variables may be available
306
+ to control builds, such as enabling or disabling
307
+ components of the project.
308
+
309
+ There is no convention provided by CMake for how
310
+ such variables are named between different
311
+ provided buildsystems, except that variables with
312
+ the prefix ``CMAKE_`` usually refer to options
313
+ provided by CMake itself and should not be used
314
+ in third-party options, which should use
315
+ their own prefix instead. The
316
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` tool can display options
317
+ in groups defined by their prefix, so it makes
318
+ sense for third parties to ensure that they use a
319
+ self-consistent prefix.
320
+
321
+ Setting variables on the command line
322
+ -------------------------------------
323
+
324
+ CMake variables can be set on the command line either
325
+ when creating the initial build:
326
+
327
+ .. code-block:: console
328
+
329
+ $ mkdir build
330
+ $ cd build
331
+ $ cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
332
+
333
+ or later on a subsequent invocation of
334
+ :manual:`cmake(1)`:
335
+
336
+ .. code-block:: console
337
+
338
+ $ cd build
339
+ $ cmake . -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
340
+
341
+ The :option:`-U <cmake -U>` flag may be used to unset variables
342
+ on the :manual:`cmake(1)` command line:
343
+
344
+ .. code-block:: console
345
+
346
+ $ cd build
347
+ $ cmake . -UMyPackage_DIR
348
+
349
+ A CMake buildsystem which was initially created
350
+ on the command line can be modified using the
351
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` and vice-versa.
352
+
353
+ The :manual:`cmake(1)` tool allows specifying a
354
+ file to use to populate the initial cache using
355
+ the :option:`-C <cmake -C>` option. This can be useful to simplify
356
+ commands and scripts which repeatedly require the
357
+ same cache entries.
358
+
359
+ Setting variables with cmake-gui
360
+ --------------------------------
361
+
362
+ Variables may be set in the cmake-gui using the "Add Entry"
363
+ button. This triggers a new dialog to set the value of
364
+ the variable.
365
+
366
+ .. image:: GUI-Add-Entry.png
367
+ :alt: Editing a cache entry
368
+
369
+ The main view of the :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` user interface
370
+ can be used to edit existing variables.
371
+
372
+ The CMake Cache
373
+ ---------------
374
+
375
+ When CMake is executed, it needs to find the locations of
376
+ compilers, tools and dependencies. It also needs to be
377
+ able to consistently re-generate a buildsystem to use the
378
+ same compile/link flags and paths to dependencies. Such
379
+ parameters are also required to be configurable by the
380
+ user because they are paths and options specific to the
381
+ users system.
382
+
383
+ When it is first executed, CMake generates a
384
+ ``CMakeCache.txt`` file in the build directory containing
385
+ key-value pairs for such artifacts. The cache file can be
386
+ viewed or edited by the user by running the
387
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` or :manual:`ccmake(1)` tool. The
388
+ tools provide an interactive interface for re-configuring
389
+ the provided software and re-generating the buildsystem,
390
+ as is needed after editing cached values. Each cache
391
+ entry may have an associated short help text which is
392
+ displayed in the user interface tools.
393
+
394
+ The cache entries may also have a type to signify how it
395
+ should be presented in the user interface. For example,
396
+ a cache entry of type ``BOOL`` can be edited by a
397
+ checkbox in a user interface, a ``STRING`` can be edited
398
+ in a text field, and a ``FILEPATH`` while similar to a
399
+ ``STRING`` should also provide a way to locate filesystem
400
+ paths using a file dialog. An entry of type ``STRING``
401
+ may provide a restricted list of allowed values which are
402
+ then provided in a drop-down menu in the
403
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` user interface (see the
404
+ :prop_cache:`STRINGS` cache property).
405
+
406
+ The CMake files shipped with a software package may also
407
+ define boolean toggle options using the :command:`option`
408
+ command. The command creates a cache entry which has a
409
+ help text and a default value. Such cache entries are
410
+ typically specific to the provided software and affect
411
+ the configuration of the build, such as whether tests
412
+ and examples are built, whether to build with exceptions
413
+ enabled etc.
414
+
415
+ Presets
416
+ =======
417
+
418
+ CMake understands a file, ``CMakePresets.json``, and its
419
+ user-specific counterpart, ``CMakeUserPresets.json``, for
420
+ saving presets for commonly-used configure settings. These
421
+ presets can set the build directory, generator, cache
422
+ variables, environment variables, and other command-line
423
+ options. All of these options can be overridden by the
424
+ user. The full details of the ``CMakePresets.json`` format
425
+ are listed in the :manual:`cmake-presets(7)` manual.
426
+
427
+ Using presets on the command-line
428
+ ---------------------------------
429
+
430
+ When using the :manual:`cmake(1)` command line tool, a
431
+ preset can be invoked by using the :option:`--preset <cmake --preset>`
432
+ option. If :option:`--preset <cmake --preset>` is specified,
433
+ the generator and build directory are not required, but can be
434
+ specified to override them. For example, if you have the following
435
+ ``CMakePresets.json`` file:
436
+
437
+ .. code-block:: json
438
+
439
+ {
440
+ "version": 1,
441
+ "configurePresets": [
442
+ {
443
+ "name": "ninja-release",
444
+ "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build/${presetName}",
445
+ "generator": "Ninja",
446
+ "cacheVariables": {
447
+ "CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE": "Release"
448
+ }
449
+ }
450
+ ]
451
+ }
452
+
453
+ and you run the following:
454
+
455
+ .. code-block:: console
456
+
457
+ cmake -S /path/to/source --preset=ninja-release
458
+
459
+ This will generate a build directory in
460
+ ``/path/to/source/build/ninja-release`` with the
461
+ :generator:`Ninja` generator, and with
462
+ :variable:`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` set to ``Release``.
463
+
464
+ If you want to see the list of available presets, you can
465
+ run:
466
+
467
+ .. code-block:: console
468
+
469
+ cmake -S /path/to/source --list-presets
470
+
471
+ This will list the presets available in
472
+ ``/path/to/source/CMakePresets.json`` and
473
+ ``/path/to/source/CMakeUsersPresets.json`` without
474
+ generating a build tree.
475
+
476
+ Using presets in cmake-gui
477
+ --------------------------
478
+
479
+ If a project has presets available, either through
480
+ ``CMakePresets.json`` or ``CMakeUserPresets.json``, the
481
+ list of presets will appear in a drop-down menu in
482
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` between the source directory and
483
+ the binary directory. Choosing a preset sets the binary
484
+ directory, generator, environment variables, and cache
485
+ variables, but all of these options can be overridden after
486
+ a preset is selected.
487
+
488
+ Invoking the Buildsystem
489
+ ========================
490
+
491
+ After generating the buildsystem, the software can be
492
+ built by invoking the particular build tool. In the
493
+ case of the IDE generators, this can involve loading
494
+ the generated project file into the IDE to invoke the
495
+ build.
496
+
497
+ CMake is aware of the specific build tool needed to invoke
498
+ a build so in general, to build a buildsystem or project
499
+ from the command line after generating, the following
500
+ command may be invoked in the build directory:
501
+
502
+ .. code-block:: console
503
+
504
+ $ cmake --build .
505
+
506
+ The :option:`--build <cmake --build>` flag enables a
507
+ particular mode of operation for the :manual:`cmake(1)`
508
+ tool. It invokes the :variable:`CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM`
509
+ command associated with the
510
+ :manual:`generator <cmake-generators(7)>`, or
511
+ the build tool configured by the user.
512
+
513
+ The :option:`--build <cmake --build>` mode also accepts
514
+ the parameter :option:`--target <cmake--build --target>` to
515
+ specify a particular target to build, for example a
516
+ particular library, executable or custom target, or a
517
+ particular special target like ``install``:
518
+
519
+ .. code-block:: console
520
+
521
+ $ cmake --build . --target myexe
522
+
523
+ The :option:`--build <cmake --build>` mode also accepts a
524
+ :option:`--config <cmake--build --config>` parameter
525
+ in the case of multi-config generators to specify which
526
+ particular configuration to build:
527
+
528
+ .. code-block:: console
529
+
530
+ $ cmake --build . --target myexe --config Release
531
+
532
+ The :option:`--config <cmake--build --config>` option has no
533
+ effect if the generator generates a buildsystem specific
534
+ to a configuration which is chosen when invoking cmake
535
+ with the :variable:`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE` variable.
536
+
537
+ Some buildsystems omit details of command lines invoked
538
+ during the build. The :option:`--verbose <cmake--build --verbose>`
539
+ flag can be used to cause those command lines to be shown:
540
+
541
+ .. code-block:: console
542
+
543
+ $ cmake --build . --target myexe --verbose
544
+
545
+ The :option:`--build <cmake --build>` mode can also pass
546
+ particular command line options to the underlying build
547
+ tool by listing them after ``--``. This can be useful
548
+ to specify options to the build tool, such as to continue the
549
+ build after a failed job, where CMake does not
550
+ provide a high-level user interface.
551
+
552
+ For all generators, it is possible to run the underlying
553
+ build tool after invoking CMake. For example, ``make``
554
+ may be executed after generating with the
555
+ :generator:`Unix Makefiles` generator to invoke the build,
556
+ or ``ninja`` after generating with the :generator:`Ninja`
557
+ generator etc. The IDE buildsystems usually provide
558
+ command line tooling for building a project which can
559
+ also be invoked.
560
+
561
+ Selecting a Target
562
+ ------------------
563
+
564
+ Each executable and library described in the CMake files
565
+ is a build target, and the buildsystem may describe
566
+ custom targets, either for internal use, or for user
567
+ consumption, for example to create documentation.
568
+
569
+ CMake provides some built-in targets for all buildsystems
570
+ providing CMake files.
571
+
572
+ ``all``
573
+ The default target used by ``Makefile`` and ``Ninja``
574
+ generators. Builds all targets in the buildsystem,
575
+ except those which are excluded by their
576
+ :prop_tgt:`EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL` target property or
577
+ :prop_dir:`EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL` directory property. The
578
+ name ``ALL_BUILD`` is used for this purpose for the
579
+ Xcode and Visual Studio generators.
580
+ ``help``
581
+ Lists the targets available for build. This target is
582
+ available when using the :generator:`Unix Makefiles` or
583
+ :generator:`Ninja` generator, and the exact output is
584
+ tool-specific.
585
+ ``clean``
586
+ Delete built object files and other output files. The
587
+ ``Makefile`` based generators create a ``clean`` target
588
+ per directory, so that an individual directory can be
589
+ cleaned. The ``Ninja`` tool provides its own granular
590
+ ``-t clean`` system.
591
+ ``test``
592
+ Runs tests. This target is only automatically available
593
+ if the CMake files provide CTest-based tests. See also
594
+ `Running Tests`_.
595
+ ``install``
596
+ Installs the software. This target is only automatically
597
+ available if the software defines install rules with the
598
+ :command:`install` command. See also
599
+ `Software Installation`_.
600
+ ``package``
601
+ Creates a binary package. This target is only
602
+ automatically available if the CMake files provide
603
+ CPack-based packages.
604
+ ``package_source``
605
+ Creates a source package. This target is only
606
+ automatically available if the CMake files provide
607
+ CPack-based packages.
608
+
609
+ For ``Makefile`` based systems, ``/fast`` variants of binary
610
+ build targets are provided. The ``/fast`` variants are used
611
+ to build the specified target without regard for its
612
+ dependencies. The dependencies are not checked and
613
+ are not rebuilt if out of date. The :generator:`Ninja`
614
+ generator is sufficiently fast at dependency checking that
615
+ such targets are not provided for that generator.
616
+
617
+ ``Makefile`` based systems also provide build-targets to
618
+ preprocess, assemble and compile individual files in a
619
+ particular directory.
620
+
621
+ .. code-block:: console
622
+
623
+ $ make foo.cpp.i
624
+ $ make foo.cpp.s
625
+ $ make foo.cpp.o
626
+
627
+ The file extension is built into the name of the target
628
+ because another file with the same name but a different
629
+ extension may exist. However, build-targets without the
630
+ file extension are also provided.
631
+
632
+ .. code-block:: console
633
+
634
+ $ make foo.i
635
+ $ make foo.s
636
+ $ make foo.o
637
+
638
+ In buildsystems which contain ``foo.c`` and ``foo.cpp``,
639
+ building the ``foo.i`` target will preprocess both files.
640
+
641
+ Specifying a Build Program
642
+ --------------------------
643
+
644
+ The program invoked by the :option:`--build <cmake --build>`
645
+ mode is determined by the :variable:`CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM` variable.
646
+ For most generators, the particular program does not need to be
647
+ configured.
648
+
649
+ ===================== =========================== ===========================
650
+ Generator Default make program Alternatives
651
+ ===================== =========================== ===========================
652
+ XCode ``xcodebuild``
653
+ Unix Makefiles ``make``
654
+ NMake Makefiles ``nmake`` ``jom``
655
+ NMake Makefiles JOM ``jom`` ``nmake``
656
+ MinGW Makefiles ``mingw32-make``
657
+ MSYS Makefiles ``make``
658
+ Ninja ``ninja``
659
+ Visual Studio ``msbuild``
660
+ Watcom WMake ``wmake``
661
+ ===================== =========================== ===========================
662
+
663
+ The ``jom`` tool is capable of reading makefiles of the
664
+ ``NMake`` flavor and building in parallel, while the
665
+ ``nmake`` tool always builds serially. After generating
666
+ with the :generator:`NMake Makefiles` generator a user
667
+ can run ``jom`` instead of ``nmake``. The
668
+ :option:`--build <cmake --build>`
669
+ mode would also use ``jom`` if the
670
+ :variable:`CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM` was set to ``jom`` while
671
+ using the :generator:`NMake Makefiles` generator, and
672
+ as a convenience, the :generator:`NMake Makefiles JOM`
673
+ generator is provided to find ``jom`` in the normal way
674
+ and use it as the :variable:`CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM`. For
675
+ completeness, ``nmake`` is an alternative tool which
676
+ can process the output of the
677
+ :generator:`NMake Makefiles JOM` generator, but doing
678
+ so would be a pessimization.
679
+
680
+ Software Installation
681
+ =====================
682
+
683
+ The :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` variable can be
684
+ set in the CMake cache to specify where to install the
685
+ provided software. If the provided software has install
686
+ rules, specified using the :command:`install` command,
687
+ they will install artifacts into that prefix. On Windows,
688
+ the default installation location corresponds to the
689
+ ``ProgramFiles`` system directory which may be
690
+ architecture specific. On Unix hosts, ``/usr/local`` is
691
+ the default installation location.
692
+
693
+ The :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` variable always
694
+ refers to the installation prefix on the target
695
+ filesystem.
696
+
697
+ In cross-compiling or packaging scenarios where the
698
+ sysroot is read-only or where the sysroot should otherwise
699
+ remain pristine, the :variable:`CMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX`
700
+ variable can be set to a location to actually install
701
+ the files.
702
+
703
+ The commands:
704
+
705
+ .. code-block:: console
706
+
707
+ $ cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local \
708
+ -DCMAKE_SYSROOT=$HOME/root \
709
+ -DCMAKE_STAGING_PREFIX=/tmp/package
710
+ $ cmake --build .
711
+ $ cmake --build . --target install
712
+
713
+ result in files being installed to paths such
714
+ as ``/tmp/package/lib/libfoo.so`` on the host machine.
715
+ The ``/usr/local`` location on the host machine is
716
+ not affected.
717
+
718
+ Some provided software may specify ``uninstall`` rules,
719
+ but CMake does not generate such rules by default itself.
720
+
721
+ Running Tests
722
+ =============
723
+
724
+ The :manual:`ctest(1)` tool is shipped with the CMake
725
+ distribution to execute provided tests and report
726
+ results. The ``test`` build-target is provided to run
727
+ all available tests, but the :manual:`ctest(1)` tool
728
+ allows granular control over which tests to run, how to
729
+ run them, and how to report results. Executing
730
+ :manual:`ctest(1)` in the build directory is equivalent
731
+ to running the ``test`` target:
732
+
733
+ .. code-block:: console
734
+
735
+ $ ctest
736
+
737
+ A regular expression can be passed to run only tests
738
+ which match the expression. To run only tests with
739
+ ``Qt`` in their name:
740
+
741
+ .. code-block:: console
742
+
743
+ $ ctest -R Qt
744
+
745
+ Tests can be excluded by regular expression too. To
746
+ run only tests without ``Qt`` in their name:
747
+
748
+ .. code-block:: console
749
+
750
+ $ ctest -E Qt
751
+
752
+ Tests can be run in parallel by passing :option:`-j <ctest -j>`
753
+ arguments to :manual:`ctest(1)`:
754
+
755
+ .. code-block:: console
756
+
757
+ $ ctest -R Qt -j8
758
+
759
+ The environment variable :envvar:`CTEST_PARALLEL_LEVEL`
760
+ can alternatively be set to avoid the need to pass
761
+ :option:`-j <ctest -j>`.
762
+
763
+ By default :manual:`ctest(1)` does not print the output
764
+ from the tests. The command line argument :option:`-V <ctest -V>`
765
+ (or ``--verbose``) enables verbose mode to print the
766
+ output from all tests.
767
+ The :option:`--output-on-failure <ctest --output-on-failure>`
768
+ option prints the test output for failing tests only.
769
+ The environment variable :envvar:`CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE`
770
+ can be set to ``1`` as an alternative to passing the
771
+ :option:`--output-on-failure <ctest --output-on-failure>`
772
+ option to :manual:`ctest(1)`.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/guide/using-dependencies/index.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ Using Dependencies Guide
2
+ ************************
3
+
4
+ .. only:: html
5
+
6
+ .. contents::
7
+
8
+ Introduction
9
+ ============
10
+
11
+ Projects will frequently depend on other projects, assets, and artifacts.
12
+ CMake provides a number of ways to incorporate such things into the build.
13
+ Projects and users have the flexibility to choose between methods that
14
+ best suit their needs.
15
+
16
+ The primary methods of bringing dependencies into the build are the
17
+ :command:`find_package` command and the :module:`FetchContent` module.
18
+ The :module:`FindPkgConfig` module is also sometimes used, although it
19
+ lacks some of the integration of the other two and is not discussed any
20
+ further in this guide.
21
+
22
+ Dependencies can also be made available by a custom
23
+ :ref:`dependency provider <dependency_providers>`.
24
+ This might be a third party package manager, or it might be custom code
25
+ implemented by the developer. Dependency providers co-operate with the
26
+ primary methods mentioned above to extend their flexibility.
27
+
28
+ .. _prebuilt_find_package:
29
+
30
+ Using Pre-built Packages With ``find_package()``
31
+ ================================================
32
+
33
+ A package needed by the project may already be built and available at some
34
+ location on the user's system. That package might have also been built by
35
+ CMake, or it could have used a different build system entirely. It might
36
+ even just be a collection of files that didn't need to be built at all.
37
+ CMake provides the :command:`find_package` command for these scenarios.
38
+ It searches well-known locations, along with additional hints and paths
39
+ provided by the project or user. It also supports package components and
40
+ packages being optional. Result variables are provided to allow the project
41
+ to customize its own behavior according to whether the package or specific
42
+ components were found.
43
+
44
+ In most cases, projects should generally use the :ref:`basic signature`.
45
+ Most of the time, this will involve just the package name, maybe a version
46
+ constraint, and the ``REQUIRED`` keyword if the dependency is not optional.
47
+ A set of package components may also be specified.
48
+
49
+ .. code-block:: cmake
50
+ :caption: Examples of ``find_package()`` basic signature
51
+
52
+ find_package(Catch2)
53
+ find_package(GTest REQUIRED)
54
+ find_package(Boost 1.79 COMPONENTS date_time)
55
+
56
+ The :command:`find_package` command supports two main methods for carrying
57
+ out the search:
58
+
59
+ **Config mode**
60
+ With this method, the command looks for files that are typically provided
61
+ by the package itself. This is the more reliable method of the two, since
62
+ the package details should always be in sync with the package.
63
+
64
+ **Module mode**
65
+ Not all packages are CMake-aware. Many don't provide the files needed to
66
+ support config mode. For such cases, a Find module file can be provided
67
+ separately, either by the project or by CMake. A Find module is typically
68
+ a heuristic implementation which knows what the package normally provides
69
+ and how to present that package to the project. Since Find modules are
70
+ usually distributed separately from the package, they are not as reliable.
71
+ They are typically maintained separately, and they are likely to follow
72
+ different release schedules, so they can easily become out-of-date.
73
+
74
+ Depending on the arguments used, :command:`find_package` may use one or both
75
+ of the above methods. By restricting the options to just the basic signature,
76
+ both config mode and module mode can be used to satisfy the dependency.
77
+ The presence of other options may restrict the call to using only one of the
78
+ two methods, potentially reducing the command's ability to find the dependency.
79
+ See the :command:`find_package` documentation for full details about this
80
+ complex topic.
81
+
82
+ For both search methods, the user can also set cache variables on the
83
+ :manual:`cmake(1)` command line or in the :manual:`ccmake(1)` or
84
+ :manual:`cmake-gui(1)` UI tools to influence and override where to find
85
+ packages. See the :ref:`User Interaction Guide <Setting Build Variables>`
86
+ for more on how to set cache variables.
87
+
88
+ .. _Libraries providing Config-file packages:
89
+
90
+ Config-file packages
91
+ --------------------
92
+
93
+ The preferred way for a third party to provide executables, libraries,
94
+ headers, and other files for use with CMake is to provide
95
+ :ref:`config files <Config File Packages>`. These are text files shipped
96
+ with the package, which define CMake targets, variables, commands, and so on.
97
+ The config file is an ordinary CMake script, which is read in by the
98
+ :command:`find_package` command.
99
+
100
+ The config files can usually be found in a directory whose name matches the
101
+ pattern ``lib/cmake/<PackageName>``, although they may be in other locations
102
+ instead (see :ref:`search procedure`). The ``<PackageName>`` is usually the
103
+ first argument to the :command:`find_package` command, and it may even be the
104
+ only argument. Alternative names can also be specified with the ``NAMES``
105
+ option:
106
+
107
+ .. code-block:: cmake
108
+ :caption: Providing alternative names when finding a package
109
+
110
+ find_package(SomeThing
111
+ NAMES
112
+ SameThingOtherName # Another name for the package
113
+ SomeThing # Also still look for its canonical name
114
+ )
115
+
116
+ The config file must be named either ``<PackageName>Config.cmake`` or
117
+ ``<LowercasePackageName>-config.cmake`` (the former is used for the remainder
118
+ of this guide, but both are supported). This file is the entry point
119
+ to the package for CMake. A separate optional file named
120
+ ``<PackageName>ConfigVersion.cmake`` or
121
+ ``<LowercasePackageName>-config-version.cmake`` may also exist in the same
122
+ directory. This file is used by CMake to determine whether the version of
123
+ the package satisfies any version constraint included in the call to
124
+ :command:`find_package`. It is optional to specify a version when calling
125
+ :command:`find_package`, even if a ``<PackageName>ConfigVersion.cmake``
126
+ file is present.
127
+
128
+ If the ``<PackageName>Config.cmake`` file is found and any version constraint
129
+ is satisfied, the :command:`find_package` command considers the package to be
130
+ found, and the entire package is assumed to be complete as designed.
131
+
132
+ There may be additional files providing CMake commands or
133
+ :ref:`imported targets` for you to use. CMake does not enforce any naming
134
+ convention for these files. They are related to the primary
135
+ ``<PackageName>Config.cmake`` file by use of the CMake :command:`include`
136
+ command. The ``<PackageName>Config.cmake`` file would typically include
137
+ these for you, so they won't usually require any additional step other than
138
+ the call to :command:`find_package`.
139
+
140
+ If the location of the package is in a
141
+ :ref:`directory known to CMake <search procedure>`, the
142
+ :command:`find_package` call should succeed. The directories known to CMake
143
+ are platform-specific. For example, packages installed on Linux with a
144
+ standard system package manager will be found in the ``/usr`` prefix
145
+ automatically. Packages installed in ``Program Files`` on Windows will
146
+ similarly be found automatically.
147
+
148
+ Packages will not be found automatically without help if they are in
149
+ locations not known to CMake, such as ``/opt/mylib`` or ``$HOME/dev/prefix``.
150
+ This is a normal situation, and CMake provides several ways for users to
151
+ specify where to find such libraries.
152
+
153
+ The :variable:`CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` variable may be
154
+ :ref:`set when invoking CMake <Setting Build Variables>`.
155
+ It is treated as a list of base paths in which to search for
156
+ :ref:`config files <Config File Packages>`. A package installed in
157
+ ``/opt/somepackage`` will typically install config files such as
158
+ ``/opt/somepackage/lib/cmake/somePackage/SomePackageConfig.cmake``.
159
+ In that case, ``/opt/somepackage`` should be added to
160
+ :variable:`CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH`.
161
+
162
+ The environment variable ``CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH`` may also be populated with
163
+ prefixes to search for packages. Like the ``PATH`` environment variable,
164
+ this is a list, but it needs to use the platform-specific environment variable
165
+ list item separator (``:`` on Unix and ``;`` on Windows).
166
+
167
+ The :variable:`CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` variable provides convenience in cases
168
+ where multiple prefixes need to be specified, or when multiple packages
169
+ are available under the same prefix. Paths to packages may also be
170
+ specified by setting variables matching ``<PackageName>_DIR``, such as
171
+ ``SomePackage_DIR``. Note that this is not a prefix, but should be a full
172
+ path to a directory containing a config-style package file, such as
173
+ ``/opt/somepackage/lib/cmake/SomePackage`` in the above example.
174
+ See the :command:`find_package` documentation for other CMake variables and
175
+ environment variables that can affect the search.
176
+
177
+ .. _Libraries not Providing Config-file Packages:
178
+
179
+ Find Module Files
180
+ -----------------
181
+
182
+ Packages which do not provide config files can still be found with the
183
+ :command:`find_package` command, if a ``FindSomePackage.cmake`` file is
184
+ available. These Find module files are different to config files in that:
185
+
186
+ #. Find module files should not be provided by the package itself.
187
+ #. The availability of a ``Find<PackageName>.cmake`` file does not indicate
188
+ the availability of the package, or any particular part of the package.
189
+ #. CMake does not search the locations specified in the
190
+ :variable:`CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH` variable for ``Find<PackageName>.cmake``
191
+ files. Instead, CMake searches for such files in the locations given
192
+ by the :variable:`CMAKE_MODULE_PATH` variable. It is common for users to
193
+ set the :variable:`CMAKE_MODULE_PATH` when running CMake, and it is common
194
+ for CMake projects to append to :variable:`CMAKE_MODULE_PATH` to allow use
195
+ of local Find module files.
196
+ #. CMake ships ``Find<PackageName>.cmake`` files for some
197
+ :manual:`third party packages <cmake-modules(7)>`. These files are a
198
+ maintenance burden for CMake, and it is not unusual for these to fall
199
+ behind the latest releases of the packages they are associated with.
200
+ In general, new Find modules are not added to CMake any more. Projects
201
+ should encourage the upstream packages to provide a config file where
202
+ possible. If that is unsuccessful, the project should provide its own
203
+ Find module for the package.
204
+
205
+ See :ref:`Find Modules` for a detailed discussion of how to write a
206
+ Find module file.
207
+
208
+ .. _Imported Targets from Packages:
209
+
210
+ Imported Targets
211
+ ----------------
212
+
213
+ Both config files and Find module files can define :ref:`Imported targets`.
214
+ These will typically have names of the form ``SomePrefix::ThingName``.
215
+ Where these are available, the project should prefer to use them instead of
216
+ any CMake variables that may also be provided. Such targets typically carry
217
+ usage requirements and apply things like header search paths, compiler
218
+ definitions, etc. automatically to other targets that link to them (e.g. using
219
+ :command:`target_link_libraries`). This is both more robust and more
220
+ convenient than trying to apply the same things manually using variables.
221
+ Check the documentation for the package or Find module to see what imported
222
+ targets it defines, if any.
223
+
224
+ Imported targets should also encapsulate any configuration-specific paths.
225
+ This includes the location of binaries (libraries, executables), compiler
226
+ flags, and any other configuration-dependent quantities. Find modules may
227
+ be less reliable in providing these details than config files.
228
+
229
+ A complete example which finds a third party package and uses a library
230
+ from it might look like the following:
231
+
232
+ .. code-block:: cmake
233
+
234
+ cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
235
+ project(MyExeProject VERSION 1.0.0)
236
+
237
+ # Make project-provided Find modules available
238
+ list(APPEND CMAKE_MODULE_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake")
239
+
240
+ find_package(SomePackage REQUIRED)
241
+ add_executable(MyExe main.cpp)
242
+ target_link_libraries(MyExe PRIVATE SomePrefix::LibName)
243
+
244
+ Note that the above call to :command:`find_package` could be resolved by
245
+ a config file or a Find module. It uses only the basic arguments supported
246
+ by the :ref:`basic signature`. A ``FindSomePackage.cmake`` file in the
247
+ ``${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/cmake`` directory would allow the
248
+ :command:`find_package` command to succeed using module mode, for example.
249
+ If no such module file is present, the system would be searched for a config
250
+ file.
251
+
252
+
253
+ Downloading And Building From Source With ``FetchContent``
254
+ ==========================================================
255
+
256
+ Dependencies do not necessarily have to be pre-built in order to use them
257
+ with CMake. They can be built from sources as part of the main project.
258
+ The :module:`FetchContent` module provides functionality to download
259
+ content (typically sources, but can be anything) and add it to the main
260
+ project if the dependency also uses CMake. The dependency's sources will
261
+ be built along with the rest of the project, just as though the sources were
262
+ part of the project's own sources.
263
+
264
+ The general pattern is that the project should first declare all the
265
+ dependencies it wants to use, then ask for them to be made available.
266
+ The following demonstrates the principle (see :ref:`fetch-content-examples`
267
+ for more):
268
+
269
+ .. code-block:: cmake
270
+
271
+ include(FetchContent)
272
+ FetchContent_Declare(
273
+ googletest
274
+ GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
275
+ GIT_TAG 703bd9caab50b139428cea1aaff9974ebee5742e # release-1.10.0
276
+ )
277
+ FetchContent_Declare(
278
+ Catch2
279
+ GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/catchorg/Catch2.git
280
+ GIT_TAG 605a34765aa5d5ecbf476b4598a862ada971b0cc # v3.0.1
281
+ )
282
+ FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest Catch2)
283
+
284
+ Various download methods are supported, including downloading and extracting
285
+ archives from a URL (a range of archive formats are supported), and a number
286
+ of repository formats including Git, Subversion, and Mercurial.
287
+ Custom download, update, and patch commands can also be used to support
288
+ arbitrary use cases.
289
+
290
+ When a dependency is added to the project with :module:`FetchContent`, the
291
+ project links to the dependency's targets just like any other target from the
292
+ project. If the dependency provides namespaced targets of the form
293
+ ``SomePrefix::ThingName``, the project should link to those rather than to
294
+ any non-namespaced targets. See the next section for why this is recommended.
295
+
296
+ Not all dependencies can be brought into the project this way. Some
297
+ dependencies define targets whose names clash with other targets from the
298
+ project or other dependencies. Concrete executable and library targets
299
+ created by :command:`add_executable` and :command:`add_library` are global,
300
+ so each one must be unique across the whole build. If a dependency would
301
+ add a clashing target name, it cannot be brought directly into the build
302
+ with this method.
303
+
304
+ ``FetchContent`` And ``find_package()`` Integration
305
+ ===================================================
306
+
307
+ .. versionadded:: 3.24
308
+
309
+ Some dependencies support being added by either :command:`find_package` or
310
+ :module:`FetchContent`. Such dependencies must ensure they define the same
311
+ namespaced targets in both installed and built-from-source scenarios.
312
+ A consuming project then links to those namespaced targets and can handle
313
+ both scenarios transparently, as long as the project does not use anything
314
+ else that isn't provided by both methods.
315
+
316
+ The project can indicate it is happy to accept a dependency by either method
317
+ using the ``FIND_PACKAGE_ARGS`` option to :command:`FetchContent_Declare`.
318
+ This allows :command:`FetchContent_MakeAvailable` to try satisfying the
319
+ dependency with a call to :command:`find_package` first, using the arguments
320
+ after the ``FIND_PACKAGE_ARGS`` keyword, if any. If that doesn't find the
321
+ dependency, it is built from source as described previously instead.
322
+
323
+ .. code-block:: cmake
324
+
325
+ include(FetchContent)
326
+ FetchContent_Declare(
327
+ googletest
328
+ GIT_REPOSITORY https://github.com/google/googletest.git
329
+ GIT_TAG 703bd9caab50b139428cea1aaff9974ebee5742e # release-1.10.0
330
+ FIND_PACKAGE_ARGS NAMES GTest
331
+ )
332
+ FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
333
+
334
+ add_executable(ThingUnitTest thing_ut.cpp)
335
+ target_link_libraries(ThingUnitTest GTest::gtest_main)
336
+
337
+ The above example calls
338
+ :command:`find_package(googletest NAMES GTest) <find_package>` first.
339
+ CMake provides a :module:`FindGTest` module, so if that finds a GTest package
340
+ installed somewhere, it will make it available, and the dependency will not be
341
+ built from source. If no GTest package is found, it *will* be built from
342
+ source. In either case, the ``GTest::gtest_main`` target is expected to be
343
+ defined, so we link our unit test executable to that target.
344
+
345
+ High-level control is also available through the
346
+ :variable:`FETCHCONTENT_TRY_FIND_PACKAGE_MODE` variable. This can be set to
347
+ ``NEVER`` to disable all redirection to :command:`find_package`. It can be
348
+ set to ``ALWAYS`` to try :command:`find_package` even if ``FIND_PACKAGE_ARGS``
349
+ was not specified (this should be used with caution).
350
+
351
+ The project might also decide that a particular dependency must be built from
352
+ source. This might be needed if a patched or unreleased version of the
353
+ dependency is required, or to satisfy some policy that requires all
354
+ dependencies to be built from source. The project can enforce this by adding
355
+ the ``OVERRIDE_FIND_PACKAGE`` keyword to :command:`FetchContent_Declare`.
356
+ A call to :command:`find_package` for that dependency will then be redirected
357
+ to :command:`FetchContent_MakeAvailable` instead.
358
+
359
+ .. code-block:: cmake
360
+
361
+ include(FetchContent)
362
+ FetchContent_Declare(
363
+ Catch2
364
+ URL https://intranet.mycomp.com/vendored/Catch2_2.13.4_patched.tgz
365
+ URL_HASH MD5=abc123...
366
+ OVERRIDE_FIND_PACKAGE
367
+ )
368
+
369
+ # The following is automatically redirected to FetchContent_MakeAvailable(Catch2)
370
+ find_package(Catch2)
371
+
372
+ For more advanced use cases, see the
373
+ :variable:`CMAKE_FIND_PACKAGE_REDIRECTS_DIR` variable.
374
+
375
+ .. _dependency_providers_overview:
376
+
377
+ Dependency Providers
378
+ ====================
379
+
380
+ .. versionadded:: 3.24
381
+
382
+ The preceding section discussed techniques that projects can use to specify
383
+ their dependencies. Ideally, the project shouldn't really care where a
384
+ dependency comes from, as long as it provides the things it expects (often
385
+ just some imported targets). The project says what it needs and may also
386
+ specify where to get it from, in the absence of any other details, so that it
387
+ can still be built out-of-the-box.
388
+
389
+ The developer, on the other hand, may be much more interested in controlling
390
+ *how* a dependency is provided to the project. You might want to use a
391
+ particular version of a package that you built yourself. You might want
392
+ to use a third party package manager. You might want to redirect some
393
+ requests to a different URL on a system you control for security or
394
+ performance reasons. CMake supports these sort of scenarios through
395
+ :ref:`dependency_providers`.
396
+
397
+ A dependency provider can be set to intercept :command:`find_package` and
398
+ :command:`FetchContent_MakeAvailable` calls. The provider is given an
399
+ opportunity to satisfy such requests before falling back to the built-in
400
+ implementation if the provider doesn't fulfill it.
401
+
402
+ Only one dependency provider can be set, and it can only be set at a very
403
+ specific point early in the CMake run.
404
+ The :variable:`CMAKE_PROJECT_TOP_LEVEL_INCLUDES` variable lists CMake files
405
+ that will be read while processing the first :command:`project()` call (and
406
+ only that call). This is the only time a dependency provider may be set.
407
+ At most, one single provider is expected to be used throughout the whole
408
+ project.
409
+
410
+ For some scenarios, the user wouldn't need to know the details of how the
411
+ dependency provider is set. A third party may provide a file that can be
412
+ added to :variable:`CMAKE_PROJECT_TOP_LEVEL_INCLUDES`, which will set up
413
+ the dependency provider on the user's behalf. This is the recommended
414
+ approach for package managers. The developer can use such a file like so::
415
+
416
+ cmake -DCMAKE_PROJECT_TOP_LEVEL_INCLUDES=/path/to/package_manager/setup.cmake ...
417
+
418
+ For details on how to implement your own custom dependency provider, see the
419
+ :command:`cmake_language(SET_DEPENDENCY_PROVIDER)` command.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/ADVANCED.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ADVANCED
2
+ --------
3
+
4
+ True if entry should be hidden by default in GUIs.
5
+
6
+ This is a boolean value indicating whether the entry is considered
7
+ interesting only for advanced configuration. The :command:`mark_as_advanced`
8
+ command modifies this property.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/HELPSTRING.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ HELPSTRING
2
+ ----------
3
+
4
+ Help associated with entry in GUIs.
5
+
6
+ This string summarizes the purpose of an entry to help users set it
7
+ through a CMake GUI.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/MODIFIED.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ MODIFIED
2
+ --------
3
+
4
+ Internal management property. Do not set or get.
5
+
6
+ This is an internal cache entry property managed by CMake to track
7
+ interactive user modification of entries. Ignore it.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/STRINGS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ STRINGS
2
+ -------
3
+
4
+ Enumerate possible ``STRING`` entry values for GUI selection.
5
+
6
+ For cache entries with type ``STRING``, this enumerates a set of values.
7
+ CMake GUIs may use this to provide a selection widget instead of a
8
+ generic string entry field. This is for convenience only. CMake does
9
+ not enforce that the value matches one of those listed.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/TYPE.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ TYPE
2
+ ----
3
+
4
+ Widget type for entry in GUIs.
5
+
6
+ Cache entry values are always strings, but CMake GUIs present widgets
7
+ to help users set values. The GUIs use this property as a hint to
8
+ determine the widget type. Valid ``TYPE`` values are:
9
+
10
+ ::
11
+
12
+ BOOL = Boolean ON/OFF value.
13
+ PATH = Path to a directory.
14
+ FILEPATH = Path to a file.
15
+ STRING = Generic string value.
16
+ INTERNAL = Do not present in GUI at all.
17
+ STATIC = Value managed by CMake, do not change.
18
+ UNINITIALIZED = Type not yet specified.
19
+
20
+ Generally the ``TYPE`` of a cache entry should be set by the command which
21
+ creates it ( :command:`set`, :command:`option`, :command:`find_library`, etc.).
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_cache/VALUE.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ VALUE
2
+ -----
3
+
4
+ Value of a cache entry.
5
+
6
+ This property maps to the actual value of a cache entry. Setting this
7
+ property always sets the value without checking, so use with care.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ALLOW_DUPLICATE_CUSTOM_TARGETS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ALLOW_DUPLICATE_CUSTOM_TARGETS
2
+ ------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Allow duplicate custom targets to be created.
5
+
6
+ Normally CMake requires that all targets built in a project have
7
+ globally unique logical names (see policy :policy:`CMP0002`).
8
+ This is necessary to generate meaningful project file names in
9
+ :generator:`Xcode` and :ref:`Visual Studio Generators` IDE
10
+ generators. It also allows the target names to be referenced
11
+ unambiguously.
12
+
13
+ Makefile generators are capable of supporting duplicate :command:`add_custom_target`
14
+ names. For projects that care only about :ref:`Makefile Generators` and do
15
+ not wish to support :generator:`Xcode` or :ref:`Visual Studio Generators` IDE
16
+ generators, one may set this property to ``True``
17
+ to allow duplicate custom targets. The property
18
+ allows multiple :command:`add_custom_target` command calls in different
19
+ directories to specify the same target name. However, setting this
20
+ property will cause non-Makefile generators to produce an error and
21
+ refuse to generate the project.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP
2
+ --------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.9
5
+
6
+ Name of the :command:`source_group` for :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC`,
7
+ :prop_tgt:`AUTORCC` and :prop_tgt:`AUTOUIC` generated files.
8
+
9
+ Files generated by :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC`, :prop_tgt:`AUTORCC` and
10
+ :prop_tgt:`AUTOUIC` are not always known at configure time and therefore can't
11
+ be passed to :command:`source_group`.
12
+ ``AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP`` can be used instead to generate or select
13
+ a source group for :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC`, :prop_tgt:`AUTORCC` and
14
+ :prop_tgt:`AUTOUIC` generated files.
15
+
16
+ For :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC`, :prop_tgt:`AUTORCC` and :prop_tgt:`AUTOUIC` specific
17
+ overrides see :prop_gbl:`AUTOMOC_SOURCE_GROUP`, :prop_gbl:`AUTORCC_SOURCE_GROUP`
18
+ and :prop_gbl:`AUTOUIC_SOURCE_GROUP` respectively.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOGEN_TARGETS_FOLDER.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ AUTOGEN_TARGETS_FOLDER
2
+ ----------------------
3
+
4
+ Name of :prop_tgt:`FOLDER` for ``*_autogen`` targets that are added
5
+ automatically by CMake for targets for which :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC` is enabled.
6
+
7
+ If not set, CMake uses the :prop_tgt:`FOLDER` property of the parent target as a
8
+ default value for this property. See also the documentation for the
9
+ :prop_tgt:`FOLDER` target property and the :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC` target property.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOMOC_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ AUTOMOC_SOURCE_GROUP
2
+ --------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.9
5
+
6
+ Name of the :command:`source_group` for :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC` generated files.
7
+
8
+ When set this is used instead of :prop_gbl:`AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP` for
9
+ files generated by :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC`.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOMOC_TARGETS_FOLDER.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ AUTOMOC_TARGETS_FOLDER
2
+ ----------------------
3
+
4
+ Name of :prop_tgt:`FOLDER` for ``*_autogen`` targets that are added automatically by
5
+ CMake for targets for which :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC` is enabled.
6
+
7
+ This property is obsolete. Use :prop_gbl:`AUTOGEN_TARGETS_FOLDER` instead.
8
+
9
+ If not set, CMake uses the :prop_tgt:`FOLDER` property of the parent target as a
10
+ default value for this property. See also the documentation for the
11
+ :prop_tgt:`FOLDER` target property and the :prop_tgt:`AUTOMOC` target property.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTORCC_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ AUTORCC_SOURCE_GROUP
2
+ --------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.9
5
+
6
+ Name of the :command:`source_group` for :prop_tgt:`AUTORCC` generated files.
7
+
8
+ When set this is used instead of :prop_gbl:`AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP` for
9
+ files generated by :prop_tgt:`AUTORCC`.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/AUTOUIC_SOURCE_GROUP.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ AUTOUIC_SOURCE_GROUP
2
+ --------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.21
5
+
6
+ Name of the :command:`source_group` for :prop_tgt:`AUTOUIC` generated files.
7
+
8
+ When set this is used instead of :prop_gbl:`AUTOGEN_SOURCE_GROUP` for
9
+ files generated by :prop_tgt:`AUTOUIC`.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_CUDA_KNOWN_FEATURES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ CMAKE_CUDA_KNOWN_FEATURES
2
+ -------------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.17
5
+
6
+ List of CUDA features known to this version of CMake.
7
+
8
+ The features listed in this global property may be known to be available to the
9
+ CUDA compiler. If the feature is available with the C++ compiler, it will
10
+ be listed in the :variable:`CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILE_FEATURES` variable.
11
+
12
+ The features listed here may be used with the :command:`target_compile_features`
13
+ command. See the :manual:`cmake-compile-features(7)` manual for information on
14
+ compile features and a list of supported compilers.
15
+
16
+
17
+ The features known to this version of CMake are:
18
+
19
+ ``cuda_std_03``
20
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 03.
21
+
22
+ ``cuda_std_11``
23
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 11.
24
+
25
+ ``cuda_std_14``
26
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 14.
27
+
28
+ ``cuda_std_17``
29
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 17.
30
+
31
+ ``cuda_std_20``
32
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 20.
33
+
34
+ ``cuda_std_23``
35
+ .. versionadded:: 3.20
36
+
37
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 23.
38
+
39
+ ``cuda_std_26``
40
+ .. versionadded:: 3.25
41
+
42
+ Compiler mode is at least CUDA/C++ 26.
43
+
44
+ .. include:: CMAKE_LANG_STD_FLAGS.txt
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_CXX_KNOWN_FEATURES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ CMAKE_CXX_KNOWN_FEATURES
2
+ ------------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.1
5
+
6
+ List of C++ features known to this version of CMake.
7
+
8
+ The features listed in this global property may be known to be available to the
9
+ C++ compiler. If the feature is available with the C++ compiler, it will
10
+ be listed in the :variable:`CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES` variable.
11
+
12
+ The features listed here may be used with the :command:`target_compile_features`
13
+ command. See the :manual:`cmake-compile-features(7)` manual for information on
14
+ compile features and a list of supported compilers.
15
+
16
+ The features known to this version of CMake are listed below.
17
+
18
+ High level meta features indicating C++ standard support
19
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
20
+
21
+ .. versionadded:: 3.8
22
+
23
+ The following meta features indicate general support for the associated
24
+ language standard. It reflects the language support claimed by the compiler,
25
+ but it does not necessarily imply complete conformance to that standard.
26
+
27
+ ``cxx_std_98``
28
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 98.
29
+
30
+ ``cxx_std_11``
31
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 11.
32
+
33
+ ``cxx_std_14``
34
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 14.
35
+
36
+ ``cxx_std_17``
37
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 17.
38
+
39
+ ``cxx_std_20``
40
+ .. versionadded:: 3.12
41
+
42
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 20.
43
+
44
+ ``cxx_std_23``
45
+ .. versionadded:: 3.20
46
+
47
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 23.
48
+
49
+ ``cxx_std_26``
50
+ .. versionadded:: 3.25
51
+
52
+ Compiler mode is at least C++ 26.
53
+
54
+ .. include:: CMAKE_LANG_STD_FLAGS.txt
55
+
56
+ Low level individual compile features
57
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
58
+
59
+ For C++ 11 and C++ 14, compilers were sometimes slow to implement certain
60
+ language features. CMake provided some individual compile features to help
61
+ projects determine whether specific features were available. These individual
62
+ features are now less relevant and projects should generally prefer to use the
63
+ high level meta features instead. Individual compile features are not provided
64
+ for C++ 17 or later.
65
+
66
+ See the :manual:`cmake-compile-features(7)` manual for further discussion of
67
+ the use of individual compile features.
68
+
69
+ Individual features from C++ 98
70
+ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
71
+
72
+ ``cxx_template_template_parameters``
73
+ Template template parameters, as defined in ``ISO/IEC 14882:1998``.
74
+
75
+
76
+ Individual features from C++ 11
77
+ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
78
+
79
+ ``cxx_alias_templates``
80
+ Template aliases, as defined in N2258_.
81
+
82
+ .. _N2258: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2258.pdf
83
+
84
+ ``cxx_alignas``
85
+ Alignment control ``alignas``, as defined in N2341_.
86
+
87
+ .. _N2341: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2341.pdf
88
+
89
+ ``cxx_alignof``
90
+ Alignment control ``alignof``, as defined in N2341_.
91
+
92
+ .. _N2341: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2341.pdf
93
+
94
+ ``cxx_attributes``
95
+ Generic attributes, as defined in N2761_.
96
+
97
+ .. _N2761: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2761.pdf
98
+
99
+ ``cxx_auto_type``
100
+ Automatic type deduction, as defined in N1984_.
101
+
102
+ .. _N1984: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n1984.pdf
103
+
104
+ ``cxx_constexpr``
105
+ Constant expressions, as defined in N2235_.
106
+
107
+ .. _N2235: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2235.pdf
108
+
109
+
110
+ ``cxx_decltype_incomplete_return_types``
111
+ Decltype on incomplete return types, as defined in N3276_.
112
+
113
+ .. _N3276 : https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3276.pdf
114
+
115
+ ``cxx_decltype``
116
+ Decltype, as defined in N2343_.
117
+
118
+ .. _N2343: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2343.pdf
119
+
120
+ ``cxx_default_function_template_args``
121
+ Default template arguments for function templates, as defined in DR226_
122
+
123
+ .. _DR226: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/cwg_defects.html#226
124
+
125
+ ``cxx_defaulted_functions``
126
+ Defaulted functions, as defined in N2346_.
127
+
128
+ .. _N2346: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2346.htm
129
+
130
+ ``cxx_defaulted_move_initializers``
131
+ Defaulted move initializers, as defined in N3053_.
132
+
133
+ .. _N3053: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3053.html
134
+
135
+ ``cxx_delegating_constructors``
136
+ Delegating constructors, as defined in N1986_.
137
+
138
+ .. _N1986: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n1986.pdf
139
+
140
+ ``cxx_deleted_functions``
141
+ Deleted functions, as defined in N2346_.
142
+
143
+ .. _N2346: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2346.htm
144
+
145
+ ``cxx_enum_forward_declarations``
146
+ Enum forward declarations, as defined in N2764_.
147
+
148
+ .. _N2764: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2764.pdf
149
+
150
+ ``cxx_explicit_conversions``
151
+ Explicit conversion operators, as defined in N2437_.
152
+
153
+ .. _N2437: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2437.pdf
154
+
155
+ ``cxx_extended_friend_declarations``
156
+ Extended friend declarations, as defined in N1791_.
157
+
158
+ .. _N1791: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1791.pdf
159
+
160
+ ``cxx_extern_templates``
161
+ Extern templates, as defined in N1987_.
162
+
163
+ .. _N1987: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n1987.htm
164
+
165
+ ``cxx_final``
166
+ Override control ``final`` keyword, as defined in N2928_, N3206_ and N3272_.
167
+
168
+ .. _N2928: https://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2009/n2928.htm
169
+ .. _N3206: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3206.htm
170
+ .. _N3272: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3272.htm
171
+
172
+ ``cxx_func_identifier``
173
+ Predefined ``__func__`` identifier, as defined in N2340_.
174
+
175
+ .. _N2340: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2340.htm
176
+
177
+ ``cxx_generalized_initializers``
178
+ Initializer lists, as defined in N2672_.
179
+
180
+ .. _N2672: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2672.htm
181
+
182
+ ``cxx_inheriting_constructors``
183
+ Inheriting constructors, as defined in N2540_.
184
+
185
+ .. _N2540: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2540.htm
186
+
187
+ ``cxx_inline_namespaces``
188
+ Inline namespaces, as defined in N2535_.
189
+
190
+ .. _N2535: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2535.htm
191
+
192
+ ``cxx_lambdas``
193
+ Lambda functions, as defined in N2927_.
194
+
195
+ .. _N2927: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2009/n2927.pdf
196
+
197
+ ``cxx_local_type_template_args``
198
+ Local and unnamed types as template arguments, as defined in N2657_.
199
+
200
+ .. _N2657: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2657.htm
201
+
202
+ ``cxx_long_long_type``
203
+ ``long long`` type, as defined in N1811_.
204
+
205
+ .. _N1811: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1811.pdf
206
+
207
+ ``cxx_noexcept``
208
+ Exception specifications, as defined in N3050_.
209
+
210
+ .. _N3050: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3050.html
211
+
212
+ ``cxx_nonstatic_member_init``
213
+ Non-static data member initialization, as defined in N2756_.
214
+
215
+ .. _N2756: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2756.htm
216
+
217
+ ``cxx_nullptr``
218
+ Null pointer, as defined in N2431_.
219
+
220
+ .. _N2431: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2431.pdf
221
+
222
+ ``cxx_override``
223
+ Override control ``override`` keyword, as defined in N2928_, N3206_
224
+ and N3272_.
225
+
226
+ .. _N2928: https://www.open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/papers/2009/n2928.htm
227
+ .. _N3206: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2010/n3206.htm
228
+ .. _N3272: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2011/n3272.htm
229
+
230
+ ``cxx_range_for``
231
+ Range-based for, as defined in N2930_.
232
+
233
+ .. _N2930: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2009/n2930.html
234
+
235
+ ``cxx_raw_string_literals``
236
+ Raw string literals, as defined in N2442_.
237
+
238
+ .. _N2442: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2442.htm
239
+
240
+ ``cxx_reference_qualified_functions``
241
+ Reference qualified functions, as defined in N2439_.
242
+
243
+ .. _N2439: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2439.htm
244
+
245
+ ``cxx_right_angle_brackets``
246
+ Right angle bracket parsing, as defined in N1757_.
247
+
248
+ .. _N1757: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2005/n1757.html
249
+
250
+ ``cxx_rvalue_references``
251
+ R-value references, as defined in N2118_.
252
+
253
+ .. _N2118: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2006/n2118.html
254
+
255
+ ``cxx_sizeof_member``
256
+ Size of non-static data members, as defined in N2253_.
257
+
258
+ .. _N2253: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2253.html
259
+
260
+ ``cxx_static_assert``
261
+ Static assert, as defined in N1720_.
262
+
263
+ .. _N1720: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2004/n1720.html
264
+
265
+ ``cxx_strong_enums``
266
+ Strongly typed enums, as defined in N2347_.
267
+
268
+ .. _N2347: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2347.pdf
269
+
270
+ ``cxx_thread_local``
271
+ Thread-local variables, as defined in N2659_.
272
+
273
+ .. _N2659: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2659.htm
274
+
275
+ ``cxx_trailing_return_types``
276
+ Automatic function return type, as defined in N2541_.
277
+
278
+ .. _N2541: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2541.htm
279
+
280
+ ``cxx_unicode_literals``
281
+ Unicode string literals, as defined in N2442_.
282
+
283
+ .. _N2442: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2442.htm
284
+
285
+ ``cxx_uniform_initialization``
286
+ Uniform initialization, as defined in N2640_.
287
+
288
+ .. _N2640: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2640.pdf
289
+
290
+ ``cxx_unrestricted_unions``
291
+ Unrestricted unions, as defined in N2544_.
292
+
293
+ .. _N2544: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2544.pdf
294
+
295
+ ``cxx_user_literals``
296
+ User-defined literals, as defined in N2765_.
297
+
298
+ .. _N2765: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2008/n2765.pdf
299
+
300
+ ``cxx_variadic_macros``
301
+ Variadic macros, as defined in N1653_.
302
+
303
+ .. _N1653: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2004/n1653.htm
304
+
305
+ ``cxx_variadic_templates``
306
+ Variadic templates, as defined in N2242_.
307
+
308
+ .. _N2242: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2007/n2242.pdf
309
+
310
+
311
+ Individual features from C++ 14
312
+ """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
313
+
314
+ ``cxx_aggregate_default_initializers``
315
+ Aggregate default initializers, as defined in N3605_.
316
+
317
+ .. _N3605: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3605.html
318
+
319
+ ``cxx_attribute_deprecated``
320
+ ``[[deprecated]]`` attribute, as defined in N3760_.
321
+
322
+ .. _N3760: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3760.html
323
+
324
+ ``cxx_binary_literals``
325
+ Binary literals, as defined in N3472_.
326
+
327
+ .. _N3472: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3472.pdf
328
+
329
+ ``cxx_contextual_conversions``
330
+ Contextual conversions, as defined in N3323_.
331
+
332
+ .. _N3323: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3323.pdf
333
+
334
+ ``cxx_decltype_auto``
335
+ ``decltype(auto)`` semantics, as defined in N3638_.
336
+
337
+ .. _N3638: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3638.html
338
+
339
+ ``cxx_digit_separators``
340
+ Digit separators, as defined in N3781_.
341
+
342
+ .. _N3781: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3781.pdf
343
+
344
+ ``cxx_generic_lambdas``
345
+ Generic lambdas, as defined in N3649_.
346
+
347
+ .. _N3649: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3649.html
348
+
349
+ ``cxx_lambda_init_captures``
350
+ Initialized lambda captures, as defined in N3648_.
351
+
352
+ .. _N3648: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3648.html
353
+
354
+ ``cxx_relaxed_constexpr``
355
+ Relaxed constexpr, as defined in N3652_.
356
+
357
+ .. _N3652: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3652.html
358
+
359
+ ``cxx_return_type_deduction``
360
+ Return type deduction on normal functions, as defined in N3386_.
361
+
362
+ .. _N3386: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2012/n3386.html
363
+
364
+ ``cxx_variable_templates``
365
+ Variable templates, as defined in N3651_.
366
+
367
+ .. _N3651: https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/papers/2013/n3651.pdf
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_C_KNOWN_FEATURES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ CMAKE_C_KNOWN_FEATURES
2
+ ----------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.1
5
+
6
+ List of C features known to this version of CMake.
7
+
8
+ The features listed in this global property may be known to be available to the
9
+ C compiler. If the feature is available with the C compiler, it will
10
+ be listed in the :variable:`CMAKE_C_COMPILE_FEATURES` variable.
11
+
12
+ The features listed here may be used with the :command:`target_compile_features`
13
+ command. See the :manual:`cmake-compile-features(7)` manual for information on
14
+ compile features and a list of supported compilers.
15
+
16
+ The features known to this version of CMake are listed below.
17
+
18
+ High level meta features indicating C standard support
19
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
20
+
21
+ .. versionadded:: 3.8
22
+
23
+ ``c_std_90``
24
+ Compiler mode is at least C 90.
25
+
26
+ ``c_std_99``
27
+ Compiler mode is at least C 99.
28
+
29
+ ``c_std_11``
30
+ Compiler mode is at least C 11.
31
+
32
+ ``c_std_17``
33
+ .. versionadded:: 3.21
34
+
35
+ Compiler mode is at least C 17.
36
+
37
+ ``c_std_23``
38
+ .. versionadded:: 3.21
39
+
40
+ Compiler mode is at least C 23.
41
+
42
+ .. include:: CMAKE_LANG_STD_FLAGS.txt
43
+
44
+ Low level individual compile features
45
+ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
46
+
47
+ ``c_function_prototypes``
48
+ Function prototypes, as defined in ``ISO/IEC 9899:1990``.
49
+
50
+ ``c_restrict``
51
+ ``restrict`` keyword, as defined in ``ISO/IEC 9899:1999``.
52
+
53
+ ``c_static_assert``
54
+ Static assert, as defined in ``ISO/IEC 9899:2011``.
55
+
56
+ ``c_variadic_macros``
57
+ Variadic macros, as defined in ``ISO/IEC 9899:1999``.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/CMAKE_ROLE.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ CMAKE_ROLE
2
+ ----------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.14
5
+
6
+ Tells what mode the current running script is in. Could be one of several
7
+ values:
8
+
9
+ ``PROJECT``
10
+ Running in project mode (processing a ``CMakeLists.txt`` file).
11
+
12
+ ``SCRIPT``
13
+ Running in ``-P`` script mode.
14
+
15
+ ``FIND_PACKAGE``
16
+ Running in ``--find-package`` mode.
17
+
18
+ ``CTEST``
19
+ Running in CTest script mode.
20
+
21
+ ``CPACK``
22
+ Running in CPack.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ DEBUG_CONFIGURATIONS
2
+ --------------------
3
+
4
+ Specify which configurations are for debugging.
5
+
6
+ The value must be a semi-colon separated list of configuration names.
7
+ Currently this property is used only by the :command:`target_link_libraries`
8
+ command. Additional uses may be defined in the future.
9
+
10
+ This property must be set at the top level of the project and before
11
+ the first :command:`target_link_libraries` command invocation. If any entry in
12
+ the list does not match a valid configuration for the project the
13
+ behavior is undefined.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/DISABLED_FEATURES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ DISABLED_FEATURES
2
+ -----------------
3
+
4
+ List of features which are disabled during the CMake run.
5
+
6
+ List of features which are disabled during the CMake run. By default
7
+ it contains the names of all packages which were not found. This is
8
+ determined using the ``<NAME>_FOUND`` variables. Packages which are
9
+ searched ``QUIET`` are not listed. A project can add its own features to
10
+ this list. This property is used by the macros in
11
+ ``FeatureSummary.cmake``.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ECLIPSE_EXTRA_CPROJECT_CONTENTS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ECLIPSE_EXTRA_CPROJECT_CONTENTS
2
+ -------------------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.12
5
+
6
+ Additional contents to be inserted into the generated Eclipse cproject file.
7
+
8
+ The cproject file defines the CDT specific information. Some third party IDE's
9
+ are based on Eclipse with the addition of other information specific to that IDE.
10
+ Through this property, it is possible to add this additional contents to
11
+ the generated project.
12
+ It is expected to contain valid XML.
13
+
14
+ Also see the :prop_gbl:`ECLIPSE_EXTRA_NATURES` property.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ECLIPSE_EXTRA_NATURES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ECLIPSE_EXTRA_NATURES
2
+ ---------------------
3
+
4
+ List of natures to add to the generated Eclipse project file.
5
+
6
+ Eclipse projects specify language plugins by using natures. This property
7
+ should be set to the unique identifier for a nature (which looks like a Java
8
+ package name).
9
+
10
+ Also see the :prop_gbl:`ECLIPSE_EXTRA_CPROJECT_CONTENTS` property.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ENABLED_FEATURES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ENABLED_FEATURES
2
+ ----------------
3
+
4
+ List of features which are enabled during the CMake run.
5
+
6
+ List of features which are enabled during the CMake run. By default
7
+ it contains the names of all packages which were found. This is
8
+ determined using the ``<NAME>_FOUND`` variables. Packages which are
9
+ searched ``QUIET`` are not listed. A project can add its own features to
10
+ this list. This property is used by the macros in
11
+ ``FeatureSummary.cmake``.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/ENABLED_LANGUAGES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ ENABLED_LANGUAGES
2
+ -----------------
3
+
4
+ Read-only property that contains the list of currently enabled languages
5
+
6
+ Set to list of currently enabled languages.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB32_PATHS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB32_PATHS
2
+ ----------------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.7
5
+
6
+ Whether the :command:`find_library` command should automatically search
7
+ ``lib32`` directories.
8
+
9
+ ``FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB32_PATHS`` is a boolean specifying whether the
10
+ :command:`find_library` command should automatically search the ``lib32``
11
+ variant of directories called ``lib`` in the search path when building 32-bit
12
+ binaries.
13
+
14
+ See also the :variable:`CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_CUSTOM_LIB_SUFFIX` variable.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB64_PATHS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB64_PATHS
2
+ ----------------------------
3
+
4
+ Whether :command:`find_library` should automatically search lib64
5
+ directories.
6
+
7
+ FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIB64_PATHS is a boolean specifying whether the
8
+ :command:`find_library` command should automatically search the lib64
9
+ variant of directories called lib in the search path when building
10
+ 64-bit binaries.
11
+
12
+ See also the :variable:`CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_CUSTOM_LIB_SUFFIX` variable.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIBX32_PATHS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIBX32_PATHS
2
+ -----------------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.9
5
+
6
+ Whether the :command:`find_library` command should automatically search
7
+ ``libx32`` directories.
8
+
9
+ ``FIND_LIBRARY_USE_LIBX32_PATHS`` is a boolean specifying whether the
10
+ :command:`find_library` command should automatically search the ``libx32``
11
+ variant of directories called ``lib`` in the search path when building
12
+ x32-abi binaries.
13
+
14
+ See also the :variable:`CMAKE_FIND_LIBRARY_CUSTOM_LIB_SUFFIX` variable.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/FIND_LIBRARY_USE_OPENBSD_VERSIONING.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ FIND_LIBRARY_USE_OPENBSD_VERSIONING
2
+ -----------------------------------
3
+
4
+ Whether :command:`find_library` should find OpenBSD-style shared
5
+ libraries.
6
+
7
+ This property is a boolean specifying whether the
8
+ :command:`find_library` command should find shared libraries with
9
+ OpenBSD-style versioned extension: ".so.<major>.<minor>". The
10
+ property is set to true on OpenBSD and false on other platforms.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ GENERATOR_IS_MULTI_CONFIG
2
+ -------------------------
3
+
4
+ .. versionadded:: 3.9
5
+
6
+ Read-only property that is true on multi-configuration generators.
7
+
8
+ True when using a multi-configuration generator such as:
9
+
10
+ * :generator:`Ninja Multi-Config`
11
+ * :ref:`Visual Studio Generators`
12
+ * :generator:`Xcode`
13
+
14
+ Multi-config generators use :variable:`CMAKE_CONFIGURATION_TYPES`
15
+ as the set of configurations and ignore :variable:`CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE`.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/GLOBAL_DEPENDS_DEBUG_MODE.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ GLOBAL_DEPENDS_DEBUG_MODE
2
+ -------------------------
3
+
4
+ Enable global target dependency graph debug mode.
5
+
6
+ CMake automatically analyzes the global inter-target dependency graph
7
+ at the beginning of native build system generation. This property
8
+ causes it to display details of its analysis to stderr.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/GLOBAL_DEPENDS_NO_CYCLES.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ GLOBAL_DEPENDS_NO_CYCLES
2
+ ------------------------
3
+
4
+ Disallow global target dependency graph cycles.
5
+
6
+ CMake automatically analyzes the global inter-target dependency graph
7
+ at the beginning of native build system generation. It reports an
8
+ error if the dependency graph contains a cycle that does not consist
9
+ of all STATIC library targets. This property tells CMake to disallow
10
+ all cycles completely, even among static libraries.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/IN_TRY_COMPILE.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ IN_TRY_COMPILE
2
+ --------------
3
+
4
+ Read-only property that is true during a try-compile configuration.
5
+
6
+ True when building a project inside a :command:`try_compile` or
7
+ :command:`try_run` command.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/JOB_POOLS.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ JOB_POOLS
2
+ ---------
3
+
4
+ Ninja only: List of available pools.
5
+
6
+ A pool is a named integer property and defines the maximum number
7
+ of concurrent jobs which can be started by a rule assigned to the pool.
8
+ The ``JOB_POOLS`` property is a semicolon-separated list of
9
+ pairs using the syntax ``NAME=integer`` (without a space after the equality sign).
10
+
11
+ For instance:
12
+
13
+ .. code-block:: cmake
14
+
15
+ set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY JOB_POOLS two_jobs=2 ten_jobs=10)
16
+
17
+ Defined pools could be used globally by setting
18
+ :variable:`CMAKE_JOB_POOL_COMPILE` and :variable:`CMAKE_JOB_POOL_LINK`
19
+ or per target by setting the target properties
20
+ :prop_tgt:`JOB_POOL_COMPILE` and :prop_tgt:`JOB_POOL_LINK`.
21
+ :command:`Custom commands <add_custom_command>` and
22
+ :command:`custom targets <add_custom_target>` can specify pools using the
23
+ option ``JOB_POOL``.
24
+ Using a pool that is not defined by ``JOB_POOLS`` causes
25
+ an error by ninja at build time.
26
+
27
+ If not set, this property uses the value of the :variable:`CMAKE_JOB_POOLS`
28
+ variable.
29
+
30
+ Build targets provided by CMake that are meant for individual interactive
31
+ use, such as ``install``, are placed in the ``console`` pool automatically.
toolchain/cmake-3.27.9-linux-x86_64/doc/cmake/html/_sources/prop_gbl/PACKAGES_FOUND.rst.txt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ PACKAGES_FOUND
2
+ --------------
3
+
4
+ List of packages which were found during the CMake run.
5
+
6
+ List of packages which were found during the CMake run. Whether a
7
+ package has been found is determined using the <NAME>_FOUND variables.