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H: PCB electroplating then etching
How can I protect the through holes copper which is electroplated from being etched away by the ferric chloride? Is there a resistive solution or it`s just the conductive ink.
AI: The same photoresist that keep the copper from being etched away should generally keep the hole plating... |
H: How to calculate right current to charge 2 cell series 8.4V 4000mAh battery lipo?
I have 4000mAh 2 cell series 8.4V lipo battery
I need make a custom charger I am thinking of using LT3650-8.4 2A charging Ic
if I set 2A
how long will it take to charge this fully /if timer is disabled timer?
is it (1st cell 4000mAh ... |
H: How do you make custom THT (through-hole) connectors?
I have a project that requires a connector that is no longer manufactured which would interface with an old device. For prototyping, I have been salvaging this connector from old peripherals that used it, but I need a way to get these connectors in bulk that doe... |
H: Noisy RS485 signal with MAX13487E and Raspberry Pi
I am trying to use the MAX13487E RS485 transreceiver with a Raspberry Pi 3 B+. I chose this chip specifically because it does not require a RTS signal, which is complicated to setup on the PI. My schematic is the following:
The MAX13487E is a 5V chip so I stepped ... |
H: Can we use ULN2003A to power up another module
I have one requirement wherein, I need to power up one of the modules occasionally. I do not have relay in my controller board, but I have ULN2003A in my board. The module consumes around 400mA. So can I use ULN2003A to drive this external module? In case I can drive, ... |
H: 74HC14 waveform question
I am trying to get more familiar with using a 74HC14, as an experiment I have an ldr set up in a voltage divider configuration and the center tap goes to the input of the 74HC14 input 1. I have all of the other inputs tied to ground. Everything is soldered together on a perf board. I hav... |
H: Adding Ethernet ports to my SoC
I'd like to add multiple (>5) Ethernet ports to a board I am developing. Linux on the CPU has to see each port individually, be able to route the traffic among ports, and also add traffic on its own (coming from other sources, such as an LTE modem and a video source).
So far I've bee... |
H: Transfer function of a classic controller
I want to calculate the transfer function and the gain, zeros and poles of the transfer function, considering that: $$R_1=R_2=R_3$$ $$C_1=C$$ I want to know if this circuit is a P, or PI, or PD, or PID controller or a lag/lead compensator.
To get to the transfer function, I... |
H: What is the difference between pulling up multiple digital IC pins to Vdd with a single resistor vs. one resister per pin?
I am not very good at understanding current, so I was hoping someone could help calrify the difference between pulling up multiple digital IC pins to Vdd with either a single resistor OR one re... |
H: I2C clarification
This question is mainly to check if I understood i2c protocol and hardware correctly. Because pin modes confusing me a little, ia m jsut a beginner.
I2C SDA and SCL lines are pulled high with pull up resistor. In my case I use 4k resistor.
Master pulls SDA line to ground and starts clocking on S... |
H: Designing an air gap transformer Misunderstanding
Suppose my core is actually with a design which make it saturated and the voltage on the secondary is too high.
So I have to decrease the secondary voltage:
For this I can increase the number of turn on the primary side N1. Nevertheless I will increase the magneti... |
H: Will beeping dc motors cause damage to the motors?
I have noticed from a drone (of a friend of mine) it has a feature that lets its motors beep so when it gets lost it can be easily found. I have some searching and this seems to be done by alternating turning forward and backward quickly enough for the motors not b... |
H: Connecting two RCD's serially
I want to make a electric leakage protection circuit for a water heater in case of heater gets corrupted in time. We use rezistance 220V - 1500 watt. We grounded the water (because rezistance have coating outside and doesnt convey electric to water) but when there is electricity in wat... |
H: How I could use a 2v LED to indicate line continuity on a 220VAC line
I have a 2v-2.5v DC LED and I want to use it to indicate if the line fuse is working.
ON fuse is ok
OFF fuse blown up
What is the proper way to connect it since obviously a direct connection would fry it instantly (and using a dedicated AC-DC ada... |
H: What does the arrow going through the battery symbol represent?
I am currently studying Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition, by Scherz and Monk. Chapter 2.5 Resistance, Resistivity, and Conductivity presents the following image (without description) when discussing the concept of resistance:
I ha... |
H: Relation between diodes and laser diodes
I am currently studying Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition, by Scherz and Monk. Chapter 2.5 Resistance, Resistivity, and Conductivity presents makes the following claim when discussing the concept of resistance:
Ohm's law can be applied only to ohmic materi... |
H: Finding relay datasheet: HC1-AC240V LR42758 30111H AP311998 3A30VDC 10A 1/3HP 125,250VAC
I have a dickens of a time finding a datasheet for a spare relay that I want to reuse. Here are the images of it:
The text from the side there is:
HC1-AC240V LR42758 30111H AP311998 3A30VDC 10A 1/3HP 125,250VAC
The pins:
T... |
H: AC converter, step up or step down, which is more efficient, which loses more energy? why can't support large power and being small
I want to buy a AC voltage converter for frequent international travel with some small appliances, and should support step up and down between 110V and 220V; found this one https://amz... |
H: Choosing Resistors for Brightness in Parallel LED Array
These LED’s I have are incredibly bright. So when using just one, I would typically use a 10-15k resistor in series to dim them down. Now I need to use those same LED’s in a parallel array. I used an LED array calculator to compile a circuit. The values I put ... |
H: Confirmation on Diode in parallel with a Resistor
In a circuit with a resistor parallel to a diode/resistor, will the voltage across both resistors be the supply minus the 2v drop of the LED?
Meaning you would calculate it still by using resistors in parallel:
1 ÷( 1/r1 + 1/r2). And then use supply minus 2v ÷ R to... |
H: BQ297xy Overcurrent protection
Can someone explaine to me how dose this overcurrent protection works and how to calculate it?
BQ297xy Schematics
AI: From the datasheet:
The discharge overcurrent detection voltage (VOCD) is measured between
V–and VSS pins and triggered when the V2 voltage is increased above
V... |
H: Looking to generate 25 Hz square wave at about 90 V AC
I am looking to build a square signal generator tuned to ~25 Hz at a voltage of ~90 V AC that can output ~400 mA. I've searched around the internet and tried a few things but I've had no luck. My original idea was to have an Arduino and a LM741CN output a squar... |
H: Making a Remote Control for My TV from Scratch
This might seem silly to many of you, but I lost my TV remote when I moved awhile back and instead of buying a universal remote for cheap, I want to make a remote for my TV from scratch myself. I'm talking about designing the pcb, soldering parts together, the whole sh... |
H: Resistance of wire
I am currently studying Practical Electronics for Inventors, Fourth Edition, by Scherz and Monk. Chapter 2.5.1 How the Shape of a Conductor Affects Resistance says the following:
The resistance of a conducting wire of a given material varies with its shape. Doubling the length of a wire doubles ... |
H: Understanding how PCB CAD designs affect the final product
I'm looking to design my first printed circuit board and having trouble understanding PCB CAD systems conceptually. I've started on schematics with EasyEDA, KiCAD, and Fritzing without finishing, as there is a lot of detail and it's rather unclear what's im... |
H: what is the Lt1086-5 Vin min?
I have LT1086 5V regulator
what is the Vin min to provide 5V output?( assume load current 500mA -800mA)
I tested it worked for 6V Vin,
but datasheet does not mention anything about Vin min
https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/1086ffs.pdf
AI: You can consi... |
H: Can I re-use pins that are labeled as the same physical STM32G4 Nucleo pin?
Poorly written question. Let me elaborate.
The Nucleo-32 board I'm developing (STM32G431KB) in STM32CubeIDE shows on the CubeMX "pinout view" that there are 4 distinct pins PA6, PA15, PA5, and PB7, each with their own unique set of alterna... |
H: Selection criteria for microcontroller to read data from a car's CAN bus (from OBD2 to microcontroller)
I want to read data from a car's CAN bus using a micro-controller. The micro-controller is used outside the car (via OBD to micro-controller).
A few micro-controllers i found with CAN interfaces are Teensy 4.0, A... |
H: How to rewind microwave transformer to isolation transformer
I'm thinking of getting an auto transformer and rectify it to make mains isolated 240V 8A DC power supply. I would like to know if its possible to rewind an old microwave transformer to 1:1 isolating transformer with maximum output of 2kW. I know that the... |
H: Canbus, Opencan and ISO BUS
Quick question,
I know about CanBus protocol. I'm interesting about ISOBUS and CanOpen.
I know that those are exentsion of the CanBus protocol. So my question is:
Do ISOBUS and CanOpen need different hardware?
Do ISOBUS and CanOpen can operate on an existing CanBus network?
Do the cha... |
H: 4G LTE: Is it possible to make a high gain antenna that resonates well for two frequencies, where one isn't a close harmonic of the other?
I want a high gain antenna for Verizon LTE data to my JetPack 7730L but don't really see one as high as say this MIMO parabolic antenna that's probably design for 2.4 GHz WiFi. ... |
H: How to handle disconnected resistive sensor?
I'm trying to connect a PT100 thermo probe to an Arduino project to measure water temperature. After some research I have found and adopted a design using a Wheatstone bridge and an instrumentation amp, attached below. Using this arrangement I get 0V at the output @ -15°... |
H: Hows does this 12v relay works with transistor voltage drop?
I'm working my way through "Make: Electronics" by Charles Platt and came across the following schematic:
As someone who just recently got started with electronics, what I can't wrap my head around is how R1 relay works after Q1's voltage drop. I have bui... |
H: Can North American split-phase 220VAC supply power to a device designed for single phase power?
In North America I know we use split-phase 220V power. I am wanting to purchase an industrial power supply that has an input rating 100-240VAC, and has 3 input terminals labeled ⏚, L, N. I know the N is for neutral, whic... |
H: Question about the MOSFET saturation condition
I'm solving a problem in my textbook and I got stuck, and I have the solution manual of the textbook, so I went to see through the solution and I found a thing that I suspect to be wrong, due to my understanding, but It obviously could be wrong, so I wanted to get help... |
H: Howland source, MAX current output?
How would one determine the maximum current output you could achieve from an improved Howland source given a specific op amp? In other words, what do I need to look at in the op amp's datasheet? (I am using a TL074)
AI: The op-amp has to supply all the output current plus a bit f... |
H: Different between Inductor types?
first of all, I searched enough, but did not get the simple answer...
What's the different between color ring & power Inductor...
Is it all about wattage?
Color rings are mainly 0.25W, Don't know the other one's watt...
I'm trying to remake a "DC boost" circuit with MT3608(B6289).... |
H: How to solve a LED-resistor parallel with a resistor?
Hi there I am curious as to how you would solve this circuit to know voltage drops and currents. It came about from a previous question I had asked which showed my understanding was not quite what I thought it was.
I have looked at other questions of the exact s... |
H: Capacitor ID? Polar or Nonpolar?
I have been trying to repair an old 14 transistor radio from the mid-60's and have no sign of any image of the radio or schematics for it online.
One step I'm taking is to replace old caps (mostly the electrolytics) and I found a capacitor that appears to take the common form facto... |
H: Cost to run an Arduino device 24/7, simple maths question
I have built an Arduino window automatic closer/opener. When the device is on stand by mode, it draws 12V DC 0.025A.
My quesiton is, how much yearly I need to pay to have this on standby mode?
Would the equation below right?
12V, 0.025 A = 7.2Whour per day.... |
H: How can multiple ICs access shared RAM?
I'm trying to build a game console from scratch (as an exercise, not necessarily for practicality).
What I want to do is to have multiple "CPUs", in this case one being the Main CPU and the other one controlling the controller ports. My idea is to use shared RAM, where the "I... |
H: Simulation of inverting Op-Amp
I am trying to build a circuit which is controlled from an analog input signal Vin to produce a -24V signal with >50mA output. My analog card can only produce ~10mA, therefore I generate the signal using an Op-Amp. I used the analog simulation tool from Microchip (MINDI) and the simul... |
H: Backfeed gate output to input with OR gate made out of BJT transistors is not working
I am very new into electronic.
Can you please explain why looping OR gate output back to input does not work when using BJT transistors for OR gate? but it works with OR gate ICs
Here is the schematic: http://everycircuit.com/cir... |
H: Using a small heatsink with a high power LED (50W)
Description
I want to use a 50 Watt LED like this one (42mm*40mm)
The space to integrate this component is limited. I have only 55mm*55mm*30mm in total.
So the LED + Heatsink size must not be higher than that.
I found one that is just with these dimensions: 55mm*5... |
H: Top VS bottom layer conventions
Are there any conventions regarding which side of board should be top and which should be bottom? The only convention I can think of is placing the user-facing side on top if the bare board is going to be visible (say, in a shield/hat).
To be clear, I am not asking what to put on top... |
H: Limit the current draw from Op-Amp
Following up on this question I redesigned my circuit with the suggestions from the comments (see comments from @Andy_aka). I want to drive the output of the opamp between 0-24V with an Vin = 0-10V. I also need to draw currents arround 50mA. At low input voltages the power consump... |
H: Choosing a digital oscilloscope for a self learner
I'm about to start a course about electronic interfaces. My intention is to learn to debug hardware by doing measurements etc. with oscilloscopes and multimeters.
According to the course, the recommended device to buy (digital oscilloscope / multimeter) is the foll... |
H: Class AB Amplifier - Q point
In a class AB amplifier, why is the Q point much closer to the cutoff voltage as compared to a Class A amplifier which is at the center. Wouldn't this clip the AC signal if its too close to Vce.
Also, notice -Vcc, would the transistor (TR2) still operate if -Vcc is grounded?
AI: Class ... |
H: What's the difference between these diode symbols?
What's the difference between these three different ways of symbolising a generic rectifier diode: solid, outline and outline with connection between anode and cathode?
AI: The filled symbol adheres to IEEE norms, the one with the line through it adheres to DIN/IE... |
H: Calculating voltage through unknown resistor
I'm asked to get the voltage Ix and Vx, as you can see in the image, the voltage is on an unknown resistor, through loop analysis I got that Ix should be equal to 1. by KVL( Kirchhoff's Voltage Law) I had
$$5(Ix-6)+1(Ix)=0$$
although, I'm not quite sure if Ix and the 10... |
H: Uninterruptible Power Supply - Reset the load when power is restored
My system is powered by a redundant supply (UPS).
When the input power supply is removed, the system detects this event and it performs a safe shutdown (actually it is a microcontroller that enters a power-down mode after performing few operations... |
H: MOSFET and BJT transistors
What is the main difference between a mosfet transistor and a BJT transistor.
I know both are used for amplification and can be used as switches.
But where would you use one over the other and what are the benefits of each one ?
AI: This question is really broad.
MOSFETs switch faster as... |
H: Garbage on RS232 and no the baudrate IS correct
I have a device like this https://www.vaisala.com/sites/default/files/documents/WXT530-Users-Guide-M211840EN.pdf.
Some facts:
I have an FTDI to USB board from Sparkfun which is tested to work with other serial devices, so it's not broken.
The device mentioned above i... |
H: How to measure DC voltage without knowing which pin is ground
I have a connector from the motor controller to the display on my e-bike that has five pins in it. The system is powered by a 52V battery.
I would like to find out which pin carries the battery voltage, and which one is the ground. The three other pins a... |
H: Why does this circuit cut out when an extra load is added?
I have a circuit that consists of an Arduino controlling a small PAM8403 based amplifier which is powered via an L7805CV voltage regulator. When I press a button the arduino sends an audio signal to the amp and switches on a SPST relay. The whole thing is p... |
H: Controlling brushed motor speed with variable load with a PWM
I am considering driving a brushed motor driver with an H-bridge and PWM. I'd like to roughly control the motor speed regardless of the motor's load (envision a small robot climbing/descending hills).
Since I know that if you power a brushed motor with a... |
H: Microcontroller working voltage + brownout circuit
I'm working with LPC1769, but this applies to any MCU.
The datasheet states that the power supply range is from 2.4V to 3.6V.
The included brownout detection circuit triggers a warning interrupt below 2.2V and asserts the Reset below 1.85V.
What happens when the s... |
H: Class A amplifier
So i have to make a circuit for my university, and it has to be made in electronics workbench. I tried to make a class A amp after this schematic:
And made this in EWB:
My problem is that my circuit weakens the signal rather than amplifies it (here is a picture of the oscilloscope):
The first on... |
H: Resistor without terminals?
I have two terminals which I will measure resistivity between. I will be manually touching the terminal pair to different value resistors.
The terminal pair might look something like a 9v battery plug:
I don't want to be precise about where I touch the resistor (lining up the terminals... |
H: What happens when two different voltages are connected to a car battery
I have purchase a battery charger solution that has a two part system. I am having a few problems with it which has led me to realise that the unit supplies two different voltages to the battery at any point in time.
The system has two units, ... |
H: How can different voltages produce the same short circuit current?
I hope I’m not just thinking past something trivial but I can’t make sense of this. In this video, https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=XDf2nhfxVzg , variable voltages from .1-20V are used and when he shorts out the wires, they all produce the same amperag... |
H: Switching a 5V power relay with optocoupler
I have looked at the schematics of a few 5V power relays and noticed different designs. Some use just a transistor to draw the higher current to switch the coil and some use optocoupler (surge protection) with a phototransistor.
Regarding this schematic:
Why do I need an... |
H: Delay between steps, given speed in mm/min [stepper motor]
I'm building a device that have to move in orders of thousandths of mm per minute. I've got suitable stepper motor and driver, it is working correctly but I'm unable to figure out the formula needed to calculate delay between steps to get to proper speed. I... |
H: Current limit resistors for Optocoupler controlled Mosfet
Reading different design rules regarding optocouplers used as switch I have a question about the current limiting resistors R4 and R6
One aspect is the protection of the devices (e.g. ~200Ohm for a standard LED over a 3V voltage drop @ 15mA). How can I calc... |
H: Where am I wrong in this symmetric circuit analysis?
Regarding the following circuit, SPICE calculates the current I3 through R3 as 3.333A.
I try to solve that myself and can only reach that result if I first set V1 as zero(short) and solve for the current and then set V2 as zero(short) and solve for the current. ... |
H: How do I find value of gain that stablizes the system from root locus?
Consider the following root locus:
which is obtained by the following code:
s = tf('s');
G = [2/(s+1) 3/(s+2);1/(s+1) 1/(s+1)];
k1 = 1;
k2 = 1;
D4 = [k1*(s+1)/s k2; -k1*(s+1)/s k2];
F4 = G * D4;
figure;
rlocus(F4(1,1))
how can I find the val... |
H: I lost a device's power adapter, what should i seek for a new power adapter?
i bought an expensive desk lamp from the US called Lumiy Lightsblade 1500s, i lost the power adapter, so my questions are as you are electrical engineers:
1) can i use it in israel (The standard voltage is 230 V and the standard frequency ... |
H: Isolated MOSFET gate driver VCC and VDD power suppl
I am planning to use UCC21520 for HV SiC MOSFET based full bridge design. My operation frequency would be around 100kHz. I selected UCC21520 in order to achieve the isolation between the power and signal side. However, during design I am stuck at deciding how to... |
H: How can I add (kHz to MHz) high voltage signal to a high voltage DC offset?
I am working with MEMS structures and need to move a device (switch) in a operating point with quite high offset. (150V DC offset and a voltage swing of 60V) To generate the high HF Voltage (up to 5MHz) we use a System WMA-300 from Falco Sy... |
H: Is it worth it or safe to design your own power supply?
I am currently building some kind of game console based on a Raspberry Pi, with some features (one discussed here), right now I am using for this project a Meanwell power supply.
However, I was thinking to design soon or later a PCB instead of wiring a power b... |
H: Learning process automation starting from general engineering background
I'd like to study process automation by myself, could you suggest a good entry-level book to start with?
I have engineering college math level and I remember a bit of Laplace transforms to model systems. I have successfully implemented many s... |
H: Function generator in the nano or micro volt range
I'm looking to get a hold of a wave function generator that can produce signal in the micro or nano volt peak to peak range. The lowest I've been able to find is in the millivolt range. Do these exist?
AI: At relatively low frequencies you can simply divide down... |
H: How much average power delivered to each antenna?
I am confused if the characteristic impedance of line 1 is simply 50 ohms. Also, I know that \$P_{av} = P_{av}^i + P_{av}^r\$, but I do not have the voltage amplitude \$|V_o^+| \$ so I am unsure how to proceed.
AI: In comments you said,
I know that the two loads si... |
H: How to connect a photovoltaic to a heating element directly
I am trying to connect a photovoltaic panel directly to a heating element (coil) without using a battery or an inverter and switch it on or off by using a transistor or a thyristor.
I am well aware that the power won't be constant throughout the day and no... |
H: Newbie Adhesive Question
Our GPS trackers on our dogs were broken over the weekend and upon analysis I found some pins that were removed from the chip. It appears that there was some type of adhesive glue holding them onto place, but don't know what kind/type to purchase to attempt to repair. I'm not even sure if... |
H: STM32F411 - Timer interrupt not firing
I setup TIM3 on my STM32F411 using the following code:
void Enable_Timer_3()
{
__TIM3_CLK_ENABLE();
TIM3->PSC = 8399; // Prescaler value, 8400 - 1, 84 MhZ / 8400 = 10000 Hz
TIM3->EGR = TIM_EGR_UG; // Update prescaler
TIM3->ARR = 9999; ... |
H: ADC protection best practice
Say you were wanting to measure a signal with a higher voltage than the ADC could handle. Is there some best practice or commonly used circuitry that goes beyond a simple voltage divider to protect the ADC?
Or is it common for professional designs to simply rely on a voltage divider?
A... |
H: L298N heating up when driving a Nema 17 with Arduino
I've just bought a Nema 17 (Motor NEMA 17 40mm 1,2A 2,6kg/cm 1,8º 42STH40 1204A CNC) to build a pet feeder, and to control it I'm using a L298N driver I've also bought. I've wired everything together as shown in the following photo. I attach a 12V, 1.5A power ada... |
H: How to draw/include ESD susceptibility symbol on my designs?
I am using Allegro 16.6V.
I want to draw/include ESD susceptibility, non-recyclable and recyclable symbols on my design.
How can I do this?
AI: I assume it is on the PCB you want include the symbols.
You can make them as mechanical symbols and add the g... |
H: Zener voltage clamping
I would like to understand how a zener diode clamps the voltage.
I1 = I2 + I3, in order to calculate I2 I need the zener's resistance which is not doable since it is not a resistor. However I don't need to make such a calculation because I can just assume that Vd of zener is 5.1V and therefo... |
H: How to wire a single wire alternator to a bridge rectifier?
I'm trying to make a 25cc weed eater generator (for fun) and I'm thinking of using an alternator to take the rotary output from the engine and turn it into electricity. I need a way to take the 12-14V AC from the alternator's output and turn it into ~12V D... |
H: Choose Extension Lead
I am trying to understand better the characteristics I need to look at when choosing an extension lead (i.e. an extension cord that plugs into a socket, and gives me multiple sockets on the other end).
I know it is best to avoid using these, but I have to as I do not have enough sockets.
I hav... |
H: Data Slicer for Differential Manchester
I have a differential manchester data stream (channel1) in the form of packets. I'm showing a capture of one packet. All packets begin with a stream of 1's. This is key, as per Maxim application note 3671: "
This circuit functions well when the received data stream has enoug... |
H: diesel generator load calculation?
I notice in my father’s farm , there is a diesel generator that powers 30 hp water pump as well as water pressure control or ( water pusher something like this) that is also 20 hp.
This is the diesel generator and its specs
Does anyone has PDFs, websites, or any videos that ex... |
H: LTSPICE how to use the TSTOP and TSTART in Subckt?
For years I am using an automated potentiometer in LTSPICE that changes the position of the wiper from one side to another proportionally with time, I specify that time in two variables used in Subckt of the potentiometer, Tstart and Tstop. Those variables appear a... |
H: What is the general procedure for matching networks when there are multiple circuits are connected back to back?
If I have two circuits like the one shown above (Rx antenna -> block1 -> block2 -> Tx antenna), where all should I add matching networks. How should I look at the impedance while doing the matching netw... |
H: Logic-level transistor not switching
I am trying to use a transistor to drive a lamp from a Raspberry Pi (3B+) and I went after one that can be switched by the 3.3V logic.
I found the FQP50N06L to have a max Vgs threshold of 2.5V, so it should work (right?).
Here's the circuit I am using:
simulate this circuit – S... |
H: Why do AC SSRs have lower AC Voltage limits and what does this mean?
I want to use something like a Crydom D2450 SSR to switch AC current supplied by a variable transformer. This device is spec'd at 24-280VAC on the output. Why is there a lower output voltage limit (24VAC)? My device seems to work as low as a coupl... |
H: UART signal is "rounded"
I am trying to debug a UART driver for the STM32F405. It does not work above a certain baud rate (about 50 kBd). I connected it to a logic analyzer with analog capability, and I saw that the signal is rounded; it takes time for the signal to rise. It seems that at higher baud rates the sign... |
H: Making a 'graph-like' circuit schematic
I would like to make a parallel circuit with two resistors to most-closely resemble how a 'graph' would look, for example:
However, when I try doing something like this in Everycircuit it fails (though it works if the - side of the battery terminal is also connected to groun... |
H: Possible ways to represent a circuit schematic
I have the following circuit with a 9V battery and two resistors, R1, R2, in parallel. Here is how it looks:
Are the following three ways all valid ways to represent this circuit?
Explanation:
In the schematic, current flow is shown, which is always positive to nega... |
H: Why do series resistors have a single current running through them?
In a circuit such as the following:
The current is the same through all the resistors and is:
V = IReq
9 = I (R1 + R2 + R3)
9 = I (100 + 300 + 50)
9 = I * 450
I = 9/450 or 1/50 Amps
Why is this the case though? For example, why wouldn't there be ... |
H: What is a three-pronged LED?
I've used two-pronged LEDs and Diodes, but I've come across a three-pronged one:
What is this component called, and how would it work?
AI: Two-colour LED that either share anode pins or cathode pins. That's why 3 pins instead of four. |
H: Equivalent circuit of a transformer
In equivalent circuit of a transformer, there are two inductances, \$L_p\$ and \$L_s\$. These are called Leakage inductances, as the name suggests due to the leakage flux from both the coils.
1) Are these self inductance?
Cause, when we calculate the voltage across an inductor ... |
H: Charging current/voltage for lipo batteries
I have a 500mah 1S lipo battery.
I wanted to charge it with my lab bench power supply.
Easy, I thought:
I want to charge at 2C (which is 1A) so I simply set my power supply to 4.20V and 1A limit and done.
What actually happened is that the battery charged about 0.9C and i... |
H: What does this circuit with an analog video signal to the emitter and a TX signal to the base of a an NPN do?
The CAM1_AHD is the signal coming from a camera and it goes to the TVI receiver as well as to the emitter of the transistor. The video signaling scheme is analog. The TVI receiver is TP2825 and in the datas... |
H: Impedance matching an amplifier near 1 dB compression point
I am using a RF amplifier (model: Minicircuits LZY-22+) to drive 6.5 MHz oscillation in a coil. I am using an antenna tuner (model: MFJ-969) to impedance-match the output of the amplifier to the coil. Up to some power (~40 dBm), I can get pretty good match... |
H: Calculating power consumption of optocoupler
I am having trouble calculating the power consumption of this optocoupler (4n25). In the datasheet the input power dissipation stated as \$ P_{diss} = 100mW \$ and forward current of \$I_F = 60mA\$. In the figure below are two setups with different resistor values.
chan... |
H: RS232 Communication Voltage Level
I understand that RS232 Communication voltage levels should be between 3 and 25 Volts for positive voltages and the equal negative for negative voltages, but is there a source that can explain the real-life wave forms?
It is pretty obvious seeing a 'perfect' signal, but in real lif... |
H: High side MOSFET driver with transformer
I am reading the application note " Fundamentals of MOSFET and IGBT Gate Driver Circuits" written by Texas Instrument.
In order to control High Side MOSFET, the application note suggests to use this kind of circuit :
Why I just cannot use this kind of circuit ?
It seems... |
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