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H: Best fit wireless technology for long range application
My project goal is to have 2 devices, a transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter should transmitter a measured distance +- every second and the receiver which could be at max. 10 miles away from eachother should receive the data. Both do not have a static l... |
H: Does wireless power have any effect on batteries without being in a circuit?
I have this wireless charger. I put the transmitter in a 3D printed enclosure and the receiver in another 3D printed enclosure. On top of the receiver, I've put 8x INR18650-30Q 3000mAh batteries.
I've done some experimenting and have ultim... |
H: The meaning of cable should be wound around cylindrical ferrite
What is the purpose and meaning of a cable wound around and passed through a cylindrical ferrite, that black non-conductive ceramic metal ?
AI: This Ferrite clamp is called a cable lossy Common-Mode choke for the VHF band. This is different than a dif... |
H: Is this explanation of the workings of a rheostat consistent with the diagram?
I came across this description of a rheostat along with a diagram:
...The best example is the traditional dial controlling volume on a radio. The outer ring, or toroid coil, consists of a resistive wire wrapped in a spiral about a ring... |
H: Is there a linear relationship between energy production and global horizontal irradiance?
I'm an apprentice in data science. I am currently working in a company that produces and installs energy storage systems. One of the clients of this company wants to estimate the loss due to the energy curtailment.
For this p... |
H: Running a pedestal fan over UPS
I'm considering buying a UPS to power a pedestal fan during power outages.
My fan is 60W. I was contemplating buying this UPS model, which is set at 360W.
Will this work at all? Or are mechanic motors problematic for UPS for some reason?
Could I expect it to work for 360/60 = 6 hour... |
H: Question about pipeline techniques in FPGA
I'm trying to improve timing in my FPGA design. I need my logic to work with a 150MHz clock, the synthesizer is saying it can work only with ~138MHz maximum.
I know that one of the popular ways to improve timing is by pipelining some of the logic in the design.
I have a fi... |
H: Can a magnet-free motor do regenerative braking?
There are news talking about the new magnet-free motor for electrical vehicles from the manufacturer Mahle. They boast an efficiency of 96%.
Links:
YouTube Video about it
My question is: Is a motor like that able to do regenerative braking?
AI: The motor described is... |
H: Monitor a 5 A system with a compatible current sensor
I need to monitor a system that can consume up to 5 A of current on 5 V. Its components consume between tens and a few hundreds of mA each. A 10 mA resolution is acceptable.
I need this monitor to have a digital comm output (i2c is good).
When searching for a su... |
H: Schematic notes: Place capacitor as "close" to pins: Is this a necessary note? Is it a significant point?
Background
I am building a ATMega4809 board that allows the board to be programmed using the Arduino IDE.
While examining the following schematic I noticed that where the caps are placed the author included a n... |
H: Best configuration for ethernet-as-speaker-wire?
I'm hooking up a couple of small speakers (3w max each) outside, and I have a small run in my house from inside to out that was done with ethernet cable. There's no way I can pull speaker wire through, I need to use the ethernet for about 15 feet. I'll run heavy gaug... |
H: Which technique is used to create high value resistance inside a IC?
Various ICs have resistances inside them. For example, AVR microcontrollers have an internal 10k pull-up resistor inside them. Which kind of technique is used to design these resistors? If I want to design a resistor of 470k or 100k, which procedu... |
H: How to add 12V cooling fans to existing 48V circuit?
I have a 48V stepper running off a 240W supply, max current of the drive is ~4A. I am looking to add an 80mm cooling fan to this circuit. I know 48V fans exist, but 12V are more widely available and easily replaced. In my research, most 12V fans <30dBa draw less ... |
H: What is the difference between "differential" and "differential-coplanar" in controlled impedance?
I am routing differential pairs in Altium 20 and using controlled impedance profiles. I am using microstrips on external layers only.
For instance, I want a 100 Ω controlled impedance pair, and have used "differentia... |
H: Why does current noise flow through the parallel combination of R1 and RF in a non-inverting opamp?
I am following this reference for noise calculations of a non-inverting op-amp.
I am not able to understand why the equivalent resistor is the parallel combination of R1 and RF as shown below:
I couldn't find any ex... |
H: Hysteresis curve does not look like what is expected on the oscilloscope
update: Based one the comment from @Andy aka, I tried to obtain the curve without using the integrator. It does give me a better looking graph.
Afterward, I switched the power supply to another larger one (which I can gradually change the inpu... |
H: What if the LDO feedback resistor has higher value, how it will affect the feedback current?
Following is the application digram of LDO.
I have calculated the resistor values R1 and R2 under the assumption of following recommendaton (R1||R2 = 250 kΩ).
Calculated values are R1 = 517.38 kΩ and R2 = 483.7 kΩ.
Can th... |
H: What, if anything, prevents you from putting the switching transistor on the output side of a power supply?
When you look up power supply theory online all of the sample schematics have the switching transistor on the input side of the transformer. Is there a reason for this? What engineering tradeoffs are involved... |
H: How does amplitude dimming (CCR) work?
When a LED driver dims using constant current reduction (CCR), what voltage and current is sent to the LED chip at the various dimming levels?
Say I have
a CCR-compatible LED chip which takes 500mA and 20V
a 10W CCR LED driver with 6-52V output and 500mA output
How much curr... |
H: Typical tolerance of transformer secondary voltage?
I bought a transformer that said it would transform 230VAC to 34VAC (actually 2x17VAC, but it came with instructions how to connect the two secondary windings in series to get 34VAC.)
Even taking into account that my outlets give 240VAC, the measured secondary vol... |
H: How to practically decide the size of a segment (or number of segments) in a distributed transmission line of some given length?
I want to know in a practical scenario, what is the least optimal size that is as good as infinitesimally small value? I mean practically we can't take infinitesimally small segments, so ... |
H: Diagnostics of the IGBT transistors in the three phase inverter
Let's say I have three phase voltage source inverter i.e. following circuit
I have a suspicion that one or more IGBTs are damaged. To confirm this hypothesis I have decided to use multimeter in ohmmeter setting and I have measured the resistance betwe... |
H: Size of a memory cache
Assuming we have a virtual address issued by a model CPU that contains a total of 32 bits and 20 bits of this address are reserved for the tag + the cache comprises a total of 1024 cache lines.
Should the rest of the bits in the virtual address (12 bits) be generally considered as the block s... |
H: What type of MOSFET can be controlled by an Arduino PWM output?
I'm looking for a MOSFET that can be used controlled by an Arduino output that increases and decreases in voltage. I need to control a bright LED that needs 5V. The PWM output on the Arduino doesn't output enough, so I will use a MOSFET as shown in the... |
H: How can I Identify this IC marked SDA
I'm trying to find what this part could be. I'm pretty sure the packaging is SOT-23-6 based on measurements I took (about 3.5mm by 4.5mm counting the length of the pins). I know that the middle top and bottom pins are Vcc and GND, it looks like bottom left is the input and top ... |
H: Bitwise OR operator confusion
Can anyone tell me the difference between the following two assignments?
control_reg |= (1<<2) | (1<<4);
control_reg = (1<<2) | (1<<4);
AI: control_reg |= (1<<2) | (1<<4);
This only affects bits 2 and 4 -- all of the other bits in control_reg are left unmodified.
control_reg = (1<<... |
H: How to find the time taken for the output to reach a certain value in LTSPICE?
This question is software related. I just wanted to know if it was possible to get the time at which my circuit reaches a certain value without just running the cursor and getting a approximate value. For example if I have a RC circuit ,... |
H: Software filter for load cell readings
I looked through lots of questions, but I didn't find a suitable answer for the project I'm working on. The project can be thought of as a simple control box, water valve, and scale.
The mcu control board inside the valve receives a binary on/off signal to control the flow. T... |
H: Night light broke after trying to dim LEDs
I purchased a cheap night light that plugs directly into a 240V wall outlet. It has three color changing LEDs.
The problem was, those LEDs were way too bright. I decided to modify that night light a little, so they're not as bright.
The reverse-engineered schematic is a li... |
H: Is there a way to remove the Ref and Value markings from the preview and final print?
I just started using KiCad.
The "Ref" and "Value" markings are getting quite frustrating.
I can remove them from the design preview by disabling some layers, but when I open it in the 3D viewer they are still visible.
How can I re... |
H: Why is my Arduino's GND pin emitting power instead of grounding it?
I was debugging the circuit below with my new multimeter when I found that my Arduino's ground pin was actually emitting power. I connected the longer leg of an LED to the ground pin and confirmed that in fact the pin was powering the LED.
I feel l... |
H: Why do some car fan resistor modules have both a wirewound resistor and another component?
I'm reusing/salvaging a car radiator fan and fan resistor module (for a non-car related project), and wondered: why does the resistor module have both a wirewound resistor and another component? (Perhaps this other component ... |
H: Is there a way to reduce current, other than PWM, without creating heat?
I'm trying to reuse/salvage an old 12V DC car radiator fan for a non-car related project, and have found that it has a high load (actually seems to be somewhere around 200W, as it's a powerful fan). I want to reduce the speed of the fan becaus... |
H: Which parameter from the datasheet of a Zener diode should I consider for voltage regulation?
I am using a 4.7V (1N4732A) Zener diode to regulate input voltage from 24V to 5V for an Arduino input. Everything works perfectly. I am not really sure how.
Which current parameter in the datasheet should I consider when u... |
H: Why can't the LED flash for a while?
I am new to electronic circuits. I made a circuit as this picture shows:
I want the LED to flash for a while when the switch is open, but it seems the capacitor doesn't do its job well.
power source input: 5 V
both resistors: 100 ohms each
capacitor :100 μF, 50 V
AI: The capac... |
H: Adding an on/off switch to a USB cable (switch VBUS or all conductors)?
I want to add an on/off switch to a USB cable as easy alternative to plugging/unplugging a keyboard.
What difference between:
Adding a switch only to a red (VBUS) wire.
Adding a switch to a red (VBUS) and a black (GND) wires.
Adding a switch t... |
H: Synchronized reset signal on asynchronous input - D flip flop
For a D flip flop with an asynchronous reset, what is the behavior if the reset input signal is synchronized with the input clock?
This is what I'm picturing:
If the CLR signal is just a divided version of the CLK input, will the output ever change? I d... |
H: Op amp introduces phase shift at high audio frequencies
Context:
I am trying to design a solid-state microphone preamp using dedicated audio op amps (ex: API 2520).
Goals:
flat ≈60-66dB of gain from 20Hz to 20Khz
Limit changes in phase shift as much as possible as the frequency varies (ideally within +/- 5 degrees... |
H: Basic Circuit Analysis Question - Supermesh
Studying for the PE and am going through all the problems in my circuit analysis book in college. I'm working problem 3.33 which asks to compute the total power created in the circuit. The answer in the back of the book is 1650 W, but I keep coming up with 1406.25 W. I... |
H: Can I Charge 2 18650 with 2 TP4056 boards with single input
I found this video on youtube where they charges 2 18650 with 2 TP4056 modules with one input. below is the schematic he uses. Is it safe to do that?
AI: If I would re-draw that "hookup" and made a proper schematic, it would look like this:
simulate this ... |
H: Dynamo connected to ceiling fan to charge a battery
Just a hypothetical scenario :
I am thinking of connecting a dynamo to the ceiling fan to charge up a battery which might be later used to power some low power gadgets. Whether this would save my electricity as I charging a battery from an already running device (... |
H: Looking for the name of an electrical component
I am looking for a relay, but one whose output channels are always on, acting more as a permanent distributor of electricity to all connected devices, rather than an optional on/off switch to all devices.
What is the name of this component?
AI: What is the name of thi... |
H: Glass of microwave oven
From a user who "doesn't know" anything about Maxwell's equations. How to explain simply the behavior of a transparent glass of a microwave oven? Lets the light pass ... but blocks the "dangerous"
"radiation" emitted by a powerful generator of electromagnetic waves (~ 1 kW). How's it going ?... |
H: Re-reflow SMT boards
A SMT supplier messed up the reflow process of several PCB, though I have to urgently ship.
As seen on the picture, the reflow temperature was too low and thus the solder did not properly flow on some components.
Is there any ways to re-reflow the boards? The problem is that the flux is dried ... |
H: Verilog counting problem - posedge detector with if statement not working as expected
First I am doing reset with reset input. Then I check the led position by turning on pinA. Next, a shift posedge to switch to the next led but the counting not going to its next led.
After doing reset from "00" it goes to "10" or ... |
H: Inductors: Saturation Current or Rated Current?
I am designing a 5V, 5A buck converter, and I am trying to spec my output inductor.
The datasheet specifically mentions that my inductor should have an appropriate current rating, but
I also wonder about the saturation current rating.
Wouldn't it be important for my i... |
H: Sequential EEPROM writing
I am using an M24C64 EEPROM with an STM32F4, but I have a problem with sequential writing. When I try to write 16-bit data sequentially like this, I get HAL_I2C_ERROR_AF error:
write_eeprom(address1,data1);
write_eeprom(address2,data2);
But if I put a 5 ms delay between write operations, ... |
H: Phasorial notation
In the phasorial notation (of a voltage or current, for example), should i use the peak value of a sinusoidal wave or its effective value (rms)?
I ask this, because i get confused after reading some books, for example:
In the Electric Circuits book by James William Nilsson, we got this:
He consi... |
H: NPN on top of L298N H Bridge
I understand how an H Bridge works, but the common ones use pnp transistors on top and npn on bottom. In L298N's datasheet it is attached this circuit and I just can't figure out how the Vs is going to supply the motor if there is a npn on top. I know that the emitter voltage of the tra... |
H: Driving electromagnetic coil "out of spec"
I'm designing automatic watering system for my garden. I've bought these bistable electromagnetic valves.
But specs are somewhat confusing: voltage range is 3.6-6 V, current consumption is 200-300 mA, coil resistance is approx 9 Ohms. I've measured the latter parameter for... |
H: AD5693 digital to analog converter
I am using an AD5693 as digital to analog converter with an Arduino Uno. I have connected the SDA andSCL pins of the AD5693 to the I2C pins of the Arduino Uno. I have connected the LDAC active low to gnd. The reset pin is connected to VDD.
I got the example code from GitHub.
The b... |
H: Can a 12V relay coil handle 350mA passing through it?
I have an 12V electromagnet that draws 350mA at full hold strength and I want to put a relay in series with it so that when the magnet is energized the coil of the relay is too, which will turn on a lamp that indicates this. Is it possible to do this or will the... |
H: ATmega328P reading DIP switches using the lowest possible power
I'm currently looking for some advice about making my circuit as low power consumption as much as possible.
I need to use three DIP switches in order to set the address of my ATmega328P board in a LoRa custom network.
I've seen that one of the most use... |
H: Why P-MOSFET is this way and not on the contrary?
I was reading this application note from Microchip (AN1149) and I can't figure it out why this P-channel MOSFET (Q1) is placed like this:
I thought the parallel diode integrated with the MOSFET will allow battery voltage pass to the load, why it isn't?
I thought ... |
H: RS-485 full-duplex driver termination, where do I place the terminator?
Where are the right places to put termination resistors in RS-485 networks? Specifically in full-duplex networks, I see app notes either use the termination at the driver node (Maxim (Page 15), TI (Page 2)), while others suggest otherwise (ADI)... |
H: Why does a MOSFET's temperature shoot up when the gate isn't at the correct voltage?
I've fried 3 MOSFETs today, quite frustrating.
When I connect the gate directly to positive, it's pretty happy, the motor runs and the FET temp stays below 40 deg C.
When I connect the gate to negative, the motor turns off, and it... |
H: Audio amplifier - input stage, negative feedback and current limit
I am reading Audio Power Amplifier Design by Douglas Self and have a couple of questions.
With no input signal, (Q2 base = Q3 base = ~0V) no current Ivas should coming out of the long-tailed-pair (LTP)
shouldn't VAS stage (Q12+Q4) in cut-off mod... |
H: Is it a bad idea to use 2 vias to change layers in power tracks?
I have some power traces (net VIN) in my PCB design that might (in an extreme scenario) carry up to 1A of current. Although nominally, I wouldn't expect to see more than 250 mA. These are 50 mil traces, just to be safe, and since I have to switch laye... |
H: Clamping to rails of an unpowered circuit?
Clamping diodes are a common way to limit an input to a safe voltage range: if the input goes below 0V or above 3.3V, one of the diodes begins to conduct and clamps the input to (roughly) the rails.
What happens if the circuit is unpowered? My 3.3V is generated using an as... |
H: How can this MOSFET steer the current of this LED driver?
I am powering a Charlieplexed LED array with this current source as shown in the first picture attached:
One requirement was to be able to control the current so I decided to insert an array of MOSFETS that allowed me to control the current through a PWM si... |
H: Custom TFT Screen Question
I'm looking to get a custom Resistive Touch TFT screen made for a project. The company have specified that the screen will utilize a F31L-1A7H1-11040 type connection to go between the screen and microcontroller I want to use.
My question is - does the screen manufacturer need to specify a... |
H: Understanding back EMF measurement in brushed DC motors
I have been doing some preliminary research for a project and am trying to understand how sensor-less speed control of brushed DC motors can be done by inspecting the back EMF.
Where I am at with my understanding is that there are two key methods in use for th... |
H: Voltage divider resistor value
What happens if the difference between the resistance of two resistors is too large in a voltage divider? Let's say that I want to use a 1 megohm and a 2 ohms for my voltage divider.
AI: 'Too large', but too large for what purpose..
If you apply 100V to the 1M resistor and the 2 ohm r... |
H: Isolation circuit using optocouplers for three phase voltage circuit
I'm trying to design an isolation circuit, using optocouplers, for a circuit like this one:
This system allows to control the thyristors turn on angle and change the resulting voltage on the resistive load.
For what I understand from the image, t... |
H: Impedance of a circuit that contains a 2 port network
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
So, firstly, find the y parameters of a network ( says the assignment). Which I did. Now for the impedance I get the a parameters (for the box), from those y.
I get $$ \frac{V1}{I1}=\frac{ a_{11}*V_2 -... |
H: How can I test a ballast circuit without?
I have an old table lamp. I want to repair it. It has an external ballast circuit and 9 watt fluorescent lamp (PL). I don't know the circuit is working or not. Is there any way to check it without buying a new lamp ? What inductance and what resistance values would be reas... |
H: TCA9548A I2C Multiplexer - 10k resistors on the address lines
I'm looking over the schematics and PCB layout of the Adafruit TCA9548A I2C Multiplexer breakout board. I've attached the schematic below.
I cannot figure out why there are 10k resistors on the A2,A1,A0 addressing lines. Do these serve just as current-li... |
H: What is the most commonly used transistor?
Just a question about transistors from a rookie.
I was wondering what kind of transistor is most commonly used? Bipolar transistors? JFET? MOSFET?
AI: The highest volume of discrete transistors used in products are bipoler transistors. This is mainly due to their low cost.... |
H: Wiring two leds
I have two questions.
If I have one led 2.2v@20mA and other one 2.2v@15mA, can I use them in series connection? Or do I have to use parallel wiring?
And if I have 2.2v@20mA and 3.2v@20mA leds, can I use them with parallel wiring?
I think answer to both of them is no, but am I right?
AI: The easie... |
H: No Miller effect in differential amplifiers
Why is there no Miller effect in differential amplifier and cascode circuits? (from the book Art of Electronics)
AI: Brian provided a great hint, but here's some more info for reference:
The Miller effect says that if a capacitor is connected between two nodes with a nega... |
H: What type of switch is this?
I need switch which is normally closed, but when I press it, it goes to off state. As soon as I move finger from it, it must go to default state (normally closed). Which type of switch is this? I need two of them, for limit switch control of DC motor when it reaches full travel in eithe... |
H: Why such low voltage across my filtered half-wave rectifier?
Essentially my problem is this: I built a simple half-wave rectifier with some capacitive filtering, but I can't account for why my voltage is so low.
Below is the circuit I built:
Vs is 5V amplitude, 10 Vpp, 60 Hz, sine wave. Using newer Tektronix Oscil... |
H: Vivado is removing registers which will be used
I am working on a verilog program that I want to have display some sort of audio waveform (captured from my microphone) over a VGA. I use the following module to shift in new audio samples, and swap it with the buffer used to store the values for the current frame be... |
H: Generic question about interfacing a microcontroller with a device: when is the current limit a problem?
I have an Arduino Board, to be precise many models, but let say I want to interface a ATmega328p with another integrated circuit (all is running at 3.3 V). In this case I want to connect Arduino with a A4988 mic... |
H: Op Amp balancing impedances
I know that I should balance input impedances in opamp circuits to avoid input bias currents from causing unwanted behaviour. I can understand how to do this in simple cases, but not in more complex cases. For example, in the case of a simple inverting amplifier, R3 should be added and m... |
H: How can I derive a voltage equivalent without affecting the output?
In the above schematics, I want to make the equivalent of the circuit on the left side. What I mean is I want to derive V2 from V1 and get rid of using two supplies. I want to derive V2 from V1 by using only resistors.
My first modification attemp... |
H: Input Resistance vs Output Resistance
I am having trouble understanding the difference between these two concepts. I know that input resistance is the resistance looking into the input terminals and output is looking into the output terminals. What I don't understand is how to evaluate these. In the image below, ar... |
H: TL431 low battery cut-off
Could somebody please explain the operation of the attached diagram?
The circuit was proposed here and here as a low voltage cut-off circuit, which switches off the MOSFET when the voltage drops below the reference voltage set by the voltage divider.
What I don't understand is how the TL43... |
H: Electric Timer With a Micro-Controller
I am trying to replace some electric timers with some sort of a micro-controller based solution http://www.directindustry.com/industrial-manufacturer/panel-mount-timer-154503.html. I would like to run at least 10 timers from one micro-controller, a 20x4 LCD and 4 push buttons.... |
H: How does a structural architecture know which entity to use?
So I'm following this tutorial in which they explain some basic VHDL by using a four bit adder as an example:
-- Example of a four bit adder
library ieee;
use ieee.std_logic_1164.all;
-- definition of a full adder
entity FULLADDER is
port (a, b, c... |
H: equivalent inductance
If two circuits 1 and 2, are coupled through the coils of inductance L1 (in circuit 1) and L2 (in circuit 2), how does the inductance value of L2 affect L1 ? and what is the inductance value seen by circuit 1?
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
In the schematic how is ... |
H: What would the best way to filter high frequency noise? Decoupling/Bypass Capacitor? 1:1 Audio Transformer?
As many high end graphics card have high frequency coil whine and my particular one is causing whine on my diy studio monitors, what would be the best way to filter this noise?
My studio monitors are powered ... |
H: Dimensional Tolerance for US Standard NEMA 1-15 Plugs
I am trying to find the dimensional tolerance on US electrical plugs. I have tried looking online, but I have only been able to find that they are called NEMA 1-15, and have found the picture below showing length and height for the male connector (but not width ... |
H: Finding the voltage on a capacitor
Each capacitor is \$24\text{nF}\$ and I need to find the voltage on \$C_\text2\$.
\$C_1+C_4=2*24=48nF\$
\$\frac{1}{C_\text{(1+4)||2}}=\frac{1}{C_\text{1+4}}+\frac{1}{C_2}=\frac{1}{16}\$
\$C_\text{(1+4)||2}=16nF\$
\$C_\text{(1+4)||2}+C_5=16+24nF=40nF\$
\$\frac{1}{C_{tot}}=\frac{1}... |
H: DC/DC Converter Instant Off
The output voltage of my DC/DC converter and my power supply both slowly descend. I believe this is due to capacitors being close to the output of each device.
I want to get an instantaneous, or as close as possible, off signal from the power supply so that I can connect my backup suppl... |
H: 4N32 Opto-Isolator Questions
I am looking into using a 4N32 opto-isolator and am struggling to find information on its pin 6. This looks to be the base of the transistor (darlington). I see example circuits where they appear to leave this pin floating. I am curious to know if I should make a pulldown resistor conne... |
H: Homemade Electromagnet from Microwave oven transformer
I want to make an electromagnet in order to perform this trick
I have taken the following parts from a microwave oven, and following some instructions i have made the following electromagnet:
I have tried to supply it with power from an 1.5V AA battery then i t... |
H: How to calculate the Timer Preload Properly on PIC32MX575F
I am trying to achieve 1 second on a timer in PIC32MX575F but somehow I am not reaching what I want.
Some people says I have to look into the the PLLDIV, some other people says I should look into the PLLMUL.
I have followed a couple of equations but none of... |
H: Function generator output voltage
In a function generator, when I set Zout to be 50 Ohm, and Vpp is 1V. Is this Vsource, or the Vload when I have a matching load of 50 Ohm?
simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
AI: Typically, when you set the 50R output impedance on a signal generator, it ass... |
H: Cannot enter programming mode ATMega328p
I'm using an ATMega328p Xplained Mini development board. I was able to program it using Atmel Studio 7, being new to AVR programming I accidentally set the RSTDISBL fuse to 0 (has a default value of 1). After trying to reprogram the board using SPI I found out that the RSTDI... |
H: Where do I find models for various common op amps for use in LTSpice
I have just started using LTSpice. I need to simulate a circuit with op amps, where the parasitic elements of the op amp may effect performance. So I need to try different 'real' op amps to see which on is best.
Is there a source of commonly avail... |
H: Can I solder a RG316 coax directly to a PCB instead of using the intended SMA connectors?
I have a length of RG-316 single shield 50Ω coaxial cable carrying a 5.8 GHz signal that I need to connect to a PCB. While cheap relative to most coaxial connectors, SMA connectors are still quite expensive, take up space and ... |
H: What are the essential properties of a PWM signal that can be captured with an oscilloscope?
My question is regarding general guidelines when it comes to using oscilloscope captures in a professional-grade report to be presented to people working with signal processing, embedded systems, etc. Although there are a f... |
H: how is the 1PPS signal generated in GPS receivers?
The question might seem stupid, but the time of flight from the satellite is unknown and moving, the doppler effect is skewing the frequency (and is not constant due to the relative trajectory) and satellites are constantly coming and going to view, forcing a const... |
H: designing a pcb breakout board with micro dsubs
I am a beginner in the world of pcbs and I'd like to make a breakout board. The board will be breaking out signals from micro dsubs. There are no other components on the board.
What is the simplest software for me to use? I looked at multisim and orcad(I have working ... |
H: Why does TI have so many microcontrollers?
I am working on a project with a group and I am responsible for the digital part of the project, so I will be writing the code. To go from Analog to Digital, I have to choose a microcontroller.
I was looking at TI microcontrollers and found that they have so many. They hav... |
H: How to explain the advantage of Schmitt trigger over comparator for pulse conditioning?
Above is the unshaped input pulse train. Red line is the set point for the comparator.
I see many pulse conditioning and sharpening circuits use Schmitt triggers instead of comparators.
Imagine the input pulse train is not sha... |
H: Neutral vs ground wire?
I have a simple question about neutral and ground wire.
Since the neutral is connected to the ground, I have problems understanding the difference. Assuming it is connected to the ground, it should be just a ground?
I believe the only way it could be different is if the current can only go f... |
H: Difference between the natural response and transient response of an RLC circuit
Some books talk about the natural response of the RLC circuit. This is when the voltage source is taken out from the circuit. Some other books talk about the transient response of an RLC circuit, which is the time it takes the circuit ... |
H: Electricity provider switching
I live in a deregulated state where I can choose my electricity provider. But I'm confused how this is achieved technically.
Some time ago, I lived in an apartment, and each tenant wad able to choose their own provider. Does each provider need to run their own lives in this scenario... |
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